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The dataset generation failed because of a cast error
Error code: DatasetGenerationCastError
Exception: DatasetGenerationCastError
Message: An error occurred while generating the dataset
All the data files must have the same columns, but at some point there are 2 new columns ({'question', 'q_id'}) and 3 missing columns ({'c_id', 'Unnamed: 0', 'chunk'}).
This happened while the csv dataset builder was generating data using
hf://datasets/tensorboy/colbert_raw_data/queries.train.colbert.csv (at revision bca7b049ab4dbeb956183cbdb5d5ad71faa8bcaf)
Please either edit the data files to have matching columns, or separate them into different configurations (see docs at https://hf.co/docs/hub/datasets-manual-configuration#multiple-configurations)
Traceback: Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 2011, in _prepare_split_single
writer.write_table(table)
File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/datasets/arrow_writer.py", line 585, in write_table
pa_table = table_cast(pa_table, self._schema)
File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/datasets/table.py", line 2302, in table_cast
return cast_table_to_schema(table, schema)
File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/datasets/table.py", line 2256, in cast_table_to_schema
raise CastError(
datasets.table.CastError: Couldn't cast
q_id: int64
question: string
-- schema metadata --
pandas: '{"index_columns": [{"kind": "range", "name": null, "start": 0, "' + 482
to
{'Unnamed: 0': Value(dtype='int64', id=None), 'c_id': Value(dtype='int64', id=None), 'chunk': Value(dtype='string', id=None)}
because column names don't match
During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/src/services/worker/src/worker/job_runners/config/parquet_and_info.py", line 1324, in compute_config_parquet_and_info_response
parquet_operations = convert_to_parquet(builder)
File "/src/services/worker/src/worker/job_runners/config/parquet_and_info.py", line 938, in convert_to_parquet
builder.download_and_prepare(
File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1027, in download_and_prepare
self._download_and_prepare(
File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1122, in _download_and_prepare
self._prepare_split(split_generator, **prepare_split_kwargs)
File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1882, in _prepare_split
for job_id, done, content in self._prepare_split_single(
File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 2013, in _prepare_split_single
raise DatasetGenerationCastError.from_cast_error(
datasets.exceptions.DatasetGenerationCastError: An error occurred while generating the dataset
All the data files must have the same columns, but at some point there are 2 new columns ({'question', 'q_id'}) and 3 missing columns ({'c_id', 'Unnamed: 0', 'chunk'}).
This happened while the csv dataset builder was generating data using
hf://datasets/tensorboy/colbert_raw_data/queries.train.colbert.csv (at revision bca7b049ab4dbeb956183cbdb5d5ad71faa8bcaf)
Please either edit the data files to have matching columns, or separate them into different configurations (see docs at https://hf.co/docs/hub/datasets-manual-configuration#multiple-configurations)Need help to make the dataset viewer work? Make sure to review how to configure the dataset viewer, and open a discussion for direct support.
Unnamed: 0 int64 | c_id int64 | chunk string |
|---|---|---|
0 | 8 | '5. Mealy bug , Brevennia rehi , Pseudococcidae, Hemiptera Symptom of attack: The infestation starts in plants one or two month after transplanting. Stunted, circular patches may be seen in the fields. If such plants are pulled out and teased the insects can be seen at the base of the leaves and leaf sheaths. Nature of... |
1 | 10 | 'Egg: Eggs are cylindrical, greenish and laid in small groups of ten in two rows on the leaves. Nymph: Young nymph is brown with yellowish green abdomen and a few black spots. Adult: Adults are flat, 7-9 mm long, brownish black bugs with a prominent scutellum and pronotum having a spine on either side. It is active on ... |
2 | 174 | 'Family Eriophyidae 5. Aceria cajani : It is a vector of sterility mosaic of pigeonpea. 6. Aceria sorghii : Leaf crinkling, general chlorosis and choking of terminal leaves. Host plant is sorghum.' |
3 | 175 | 'Chemical : Acaricides viz ., tetradifon, chlorbenzalite, dicofol/ kelthane, can be used to kill phytophagous mites in all stage of development. Biological : Some of the predatory mites and insects (coccinellids, Scolothrips indicus, Chrysopa ) produce effective control.' |
4 | 56 | '8. Ash weevil , Myllocerus spp., Curculionidae, Coleoptera 9. Pink stem borer , Sesamia inferens , Noctuidae, Lepidoptera 10. Semilooper , Antoba silicula , Noctuidae, Lepidoptera 11. Stink bug , Nezara viridula , Pentatomidae, Hemiptera 12. Stink bug , Dolycoris indicus , Pentatomidae, Hemiptera' |
5 | 9 | '6. Black bug, Scotinophara lurida, Podopidae, Hemiptera Symptom of attack: Presence of bugs at the base of the stem just above the water level. Plants stunted with reduced number of tillers; leaves turn reddish brown and dry . Nature of damage: The bugs remain and feed the plant sap on the base of the plants causing s... |
6 | 57 | 'ITALIAN MILLET 1. Stem borer, Anadastus parvulus , Languriidae, Coloeptera Symptom of damage: Scrapped leaves, plants wither and in severe cases. Nature of damage: Grubs bore into the stem and cause withering of plants. Adult beetle scrapes green matter on the leaves. Grub: Yellowish with chitinous spines on the surfa... |
7 | 176 | '1. House Crow , Corvus splendens, Corvidae, Passeriformes It is grey and has black and grey wings with a black area on the throat and the forehead. It is omnivorous and feed on dead rats, carrion, kitchen scraps, locusts, termites, the eggs of other birds and the ripening grains of maize and fruits. Crow are particula... |
8 | 177 | '2. Common Myna , Acridotheres tristis, Saturnidae, Passeriformes It is a dark- brown bird, with a bright yellow bill, its legs and patches around the eyes. As it flies, large white patches become visible on the wings. It is omnivorous and feed on insects, earthworms, grasshoppers, fruits and kitchen scraps. They are ... |
9 | 178 | '3. House sparrow , Passer domesticus , Ploceidae, Passeriformes Female is ash to greyish brown above and fulvous ash-white below. The male is 15 cm long, darker above, with blackish streaks on the wings and a black patch on the throat and breast. It has prominent white cheeks. Feeds on grains of maize. Management : S... |
10 | 1,456 | 'LMP containing pectic acids are extracted with lower temperatures with less acidic solutions, but in presence of other chemical compounds. LMP are pectin derivatives which do not need sugar to gel. If used, they need to react with a calcium salt (dicalcium phosphate) which has to be added during jam making.' |
11 | 1,457 | 'The fresh fruit tissue or separated parts, including the peel and core are heated in 95% alcohol or 0.05N HCl (pH 2.0) for 10-20 min at 70 o C to inactivate pectic enzymes. After the pretreatment, the materials is ground in an electric blender and placed in water. Versene or Na-EDTA is added at 2.0%. The pH is adjuste... |
12 | 1,853 | 'lue-green algae inoculum is sprinkled in the tray and water is let in. Standing water of 5 to 10 ithin a week, a thick algal scum is formed. At this stage, water drained out and soil is allowed to dry. The dried flakes of blue green algae are collected and' |
13 | 58 | '3. Black bug , Scotinophara lurida , Podopidae, Hemiptera 4. Earhead bug , Leptocorisa acuta , Alydidae, Hemiptera 5. Ash weevil , Myllocerus spp., Curculionidae, Coleoptera 6. Shoot bug , Peregrinus maidis , Delphacidae, Hemiptera' |
14 | 22 | '6. Yellow hairy caterpillar : Psalis pennatula : Lymantriidae: Lepidoptera Symptom of attack: Defoliated leaves. It is a minor pest. Egg: Eggs are laid in batches on the leaves covered with yellow hairs.' |
15 | 23 | 'Larva: The caterpillar is yellow with red stripes and an orange head. Tufts of hairs are found all over, of which two in the anterior region and one in the posterior region are prominent. Pupa: Pupation is in a yellowish cocoon of hairs on the leaves. Adult: Moth is light yellow with bipectinate antenna.' |
16 | 59 | '1. Gram pod borer , Helicoverpa armigera , Noctuidae, Lepidoptera Symptom of damage: In the early stages, plants seen defoliated. Boreholes seen on the pods and affected pods have no seeds. Nature of damage: Young larva feeds on tender leaves, buds, flowers, and subsequently it bores into the pods and feeds on the see... |
17 | 60 | '2. Blue butterfly, Lampides boeticus , Lycaenidae, Lepidoptera Symptom of damage: Bore holes on buds, flowers, green pods and matured pods. Nature of damage: The larva bores into the buds, flowers and green pods just within couple of hours after hatching and feeds inside the developing grains. Egg: Eggs are laid on th... |
18 | 82 | '1. Mustard aphid , Lipaphis erysimi , Aphididae, Hemiptera Nature of damage: Suck the sap from under surface of leaves. Nymph: Light yellowish green in colour and pear shaped. Adult: Darker than nymph.' |
19 | 83 | '2. Mustard sawfly,. Athalia lugens proxima , Tenthredinidae, Hymenoptera Nature of damage: Grub nibbles the margins of tender leaves and pod. Larva: Resembles lepidopterous caterpillar; oily black or green in colour. Adult: Adult with dark head and thorax and orange colour abdomen and translucent smoky wings with blac... |
20 | 179 | 'Cultural : Deep sowing of seeds, covering the seeds with soil, pre-and post dating of sowing, growing of trap crops near the main one and use of plant varieties that are physically and gustatorily unattractive to birds.' |
21 | 180 | 'Use of deterrents : Scare-crow (a human figure erected in the fields) or acetylene gun, a device by which loud bangs are produced by the action of water on calcium carbide; use of bioacoustics, in which bird’s stress or alarm signals are recorded and played in' |
22 | 181 | 'Invertebrata Phylum : Mollusca Class : Gasteropoda Snails differ from slugs in having a spirally coiled shell over their body which in slugs is reduced and completely hidden under the mantle.' |
23 | 182 | 'They do a lot of damage to vegetables, garden plants, the damage being more serious in the seedling stage. Giant African snails even damage plantation crops like arecanut, rubber buds and coffee.' |
24 | 183 | 'Cultural : They can be handpicked and killed. Chemical : Metaldehyde (5%), copper sulphate solution (1%) and insecticides (aresenates, persistent organochlorines, etc.)' |
25 | 223 | 'Leaf quality often determines when fruits and vegetables should be harvested. In root crops, the condition of the leaves can likewise indicate the condition of the crop below ground. For example, if potatoes are to be stored, then the optimum harvest time is soon after the leaves and stems have died. If harvested earl... |
26 | 1,458 | 'A pectin solution of maximum strength can be obtained with about 30 min of boiling. When this period is divided into two, each of 15 min period of extraction, maximum amount of pectin can be extracted. Other jellying agents include agar, arrow root, tapioca flour or cassava starch.' |
27 | 1,459 | 'Tea is one of the most popular beverages in the world. It also provides valuable source of income to many tea producer countries. It is a capital earning industry. To promote its development, the Govt. of India has set up' |
28 | 1,460 | 'Tea is a perennial plant having a lifespan extending 100 years. The popularity of tea is due to: • Its sensory properties • Relatively low retail price • Apparent health benefits' |
29 | 2,289 | 'Streptomycin sulpahte bottle @ Rs 7 / bottle Rs 28/= 1 Formalin 40 Y @ 300 ml / month Rs 60/= For I yr Rs 720/= Blotting paper sheet 1 yr 50 sheets x 2 Rs 100/=' |
30 | 27 | 'producing only partially filled/ half filled grains. Small puncture appear in the middle of the flag leaf and its margin get discolored. Egg: White, cigar shaped egg laid singly on either side of the leaves. Grub: Newly hatched larva is transparent to very light cream in colour but later become yellow. The larvae move... |
31 | 26 | '9. Whorl maggot : Hydrellia sasakii : Ephydridae: Diptera Symptoms of attack: Presence of feeding lesions in the lines and the infested plants become stunted. Nature of damage: The maggots are found to feed on the unopened leaves and to nibble the inner margins of the leaves, which showed conspicuous feeding lesions i... |
32 | 28 | '1. Shoot fly : Atherigona varia soccata : Anthomyiidae: Diptera. Symptom of attack: Dead heats or drying of central shoots or production of profuse side tillers in main plants. Nature of damage: The maggots bore into the shoot of young plants, a week after germination to about one month and as a result the central sho... |
33 | 34 | 'III. SAP FEEDERS 8. Shoot bug : Peregrinus maidis : Delphacidae: Hemiptera Symptom of attack: The leaves turn yellow due to sucking; plants become weak and the yield goes down. The mid rib of the leaves become red due to egg laying and may dry up subsequently. Nature of damage: Both adults and nymphs suck the plant s... |
34 | 35 | '9. Plant lice : Rhopalosiphum maidis, Longuinguis sacchari : Aphididae: Hemiptera Nature of damage: Nymphs and adults suck plant sap from the leaf, leaf sheath and inflorescence. They occur in cluster and may cause severe damage to inflorescence by hampering pollination. The aphid colony secretes honeydew in plenty. L... |
35 | 1,461 | 'The history of tea production in India spans more than 160 years. In 1838, the first consignment of tea from Assam was shipped to England. The word ‘Chai’ is derived from a Cantonese word ‘Chah’ . Plantations in Darjeeling, Tarai and Dooars regions of northern Bengal and Nilgiris and other regions of South India.' |
36 | 2 | '2. Green leafhopper, Nephotettix virescens , Cicadellidae, Hemiptera Symptoms of attack: Affected plants become pale yellow in colour and get stunted in growth. If the plants are tapped large number of leafhoppers may be seen jumping to water. Nature of damage: Both nymphs and adults suck the plant sap from the leaf a... |
37 | 1 | '1. Thrips, Stenchaetothrips biformis, Thripidae, Thysanoptera Symptom of attack: Affected nurseries present a pale yellow colour with brown tips . On passing the wet palm over the top of the seedlings a large number of black adults and yellowish nymphs may be seen striking to the palm. The infestation invariably disap... |
38 | 3 | 'ovipositional punctures. Nymphs and adults exude sticky, whitish honeydew, which attracts sooty mould (that reduces the photosynthetic rate) . It also transmits plant diseases such as dwarf, transitory yellowing, yellow dwarf and rice tungro virus (Tungro is transmitted during short feeding period). Life stages Egg: G... |
39 | 4 | 'Adult: Adults are 3-5 mm long, bright green with variable black markings, wedge shaped with a characteristic diagonal movement. Male insect has a black spot in middle of the forewings that is absent in females. The insect is active during July to September.' |
40 | 5 | '3. Brown planthopper/ Fulgorid, Nilaparvata lugens, Delphacidae, Hemiptera Symptom of attack: Symptoms will not be visible from outside in the early stages, but if we enter the field and tap the plants large number of this insect can be seen. They are visible only when the damage has been severe, the plants present a ... |
41 | 224 | 'As part of the natural development of a fruit an abscission layer is formed in the pedicel.' |
42 | 225 | '4 A fruit may change in texture during maturation, especially during ripening when it may become rapidly softer. Excessive loss of moisture may also affect the texture of crops. These textural changes are detected by touch, and the harvester may simply be able to gently squeeze the fruit and judge whether the crop can... |
43 | 6 | 'Symptom of attack: Heavy infestation cause outer leaves of a hill to show burn symptoms. Damage in the form of hopperburn appears uniformly in a rice field, whereas it appears as circular patches in the case of BPH. Nature of damage: WBPH is more abundant during the early stage of the growth of rice crop, especially i... |
44 | 7 | 'honeydew excretion encourages the growth of sooty mould . It is not a vector of any viral disease. Egg: Cylindrical eggs are laid in groups when the rice plant is small but in the upper part of the rice plant when the plant is large. (They are laid with the micropylar end protruding from the tissue, the operculum is l... |
45 | 184 | '1. Rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae, S. zeamais, S. granarius, Curculionidae, Coleoptera Host range: Wheat, rice, maize, jowar, paddy. Life history: 150-250 E 4-5 d L 20 d A 3-6 d P Symptom of damage: Presence of irregular holes of 1.5 m diameter on grains of rice, sorghum, wheat, barley, maize befor... |
46 | 226 | 'Physical and chemical treatment to increase the shelf life conditions for' |
47 | 11 | '7. Earhead bug/ Gundhi bug, Leptocorisa acuta , Alydidae, Hemiptera Symptom of attack: Leaves turn yellow and later rusted from tip downwards. Appearance of numerous brownish spots at the feeding sites / shrivelling of grains. In the case of heavy infestation, the whole earhead may become devoid of mature grains. Its ... |
48 | 12 | '8. Earhead stink bug/ Shield bug/Red spotted bug, Menida histrio, Pentatomidae, Hemiptera Symptom of attack: Small dot like discoloration on the grains. Nature of damage: Both adult and nymph suck the sap/ milk of developing rice grain and cause pecky rice . (Grain discoloration is caused by subsequent infections of p... |
49 | 13 | 'Minor pests 1. White leafhopper, Cofana spectra, Cicadellidae, Hemiptera 2. Nama vandu/ Stripped bug, Tetroda histeroides, Pentatomidae, Hemiptera 3. Blue leafhopper, Empoascanara spp., Cicadellidae, Hemiptera 4. Zigzag leafhopper, Recilia dorsalis , Cicadellidae, Hemiptera' |
50 | 14 | '1. Paddy stem borer , Scirpophaga incertulas, Pyraustidae, Lepidoptera Symptoms of attack: A number of stem borer moths seen dead and floating on the water in the fields. In the vegetative stage, dead hearts seen in the affected tillers and in the reproductive stage, whiteear may be seen. Nature of damage: The insect ... |
51 | 1,462 | 'Centre of origin – Southeast China Later it spread to Southern portion of China, parts of India, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos and Vietnam Early part of 19 th Century – An unsuccessful attempt was made to establish Chinese tea in India. Only when the native „wild‟ tea plants found in Assam were used, the tea production in I... |
52 | 39 | 'Red hairy caterpillar: Amsacta albistriga : Arctiidae: Lepidoptera Angoumois grain moth: Sitotroga cerallela : Gelechiidae: Lepidoptera Cryptoblabes sp.: Pyralidae: Lepidoptera Flower webber: Eublemma silicula : Noctuidae: Lepidoptera Dolicoris indicus : Nezara viridula : Pentatomidae: Hemiptera These pests are found ... |
53 | 150 | '1. Hairy caterpillar , Utethesia pulchella, Arctiidae, Lepidoptera Symptom of damage: Defoliation of the plant. Nature of damage: Larva feeds on leaves and also cause severe damage by feeding on the contents of developing pods.' |
54 | 15 | '2. Paddy gall midge, Orseolia oryzae , Cecidomyiidae, Diptera Symptom of attack: The central shoot instead of producing leaf produces a long tubular structure. When the gall elongates as an external symptom of damage, the insect will be in pupal stage and ready for emergence. Nature of damage: The maggot bores into th... |
55 | 16 | 'proliferation of the meristematic cells and gall formation. It is a pest in irrigated and wet season crop. Tillers in 35 to 53 days old crops are preferred. Egg: The fly lays elongate, cylindrical, shinning white or red or pinkish eggs singly or in clusters (2-6) at the base of the leaves. Maggot: Maggot is 1 mm long ... |
56 | 17 | '1. Swarming caterpillar : Spodoptera mauritia : Noctuidae: Lepidoptera Symptom of attack: Nurseries found completely eaten away by the caterpillars’ overnight. Nature of damage: Caterpillars march in large numbers in the evening hours and feed on the leaves of paddy seedlings till the morning and hide during daytime. ... |
57 | 32 | '6. Leaf roller : Marasmia trapezalis : Pyralidae: Lepidoptera Symptom of attack: Rolled up leaves in which the larvae are found feeding and longitudinal patches on leaves whose tips dry are the clear symptoms. Nature of damage: The leaf roller becomes quite serious on young crops and feeds on the leaf epidermis. It ca... |
58 | 33 | '7. Flea beetle : Cryptocephalus schestedti : Chrysomelidae: Coleoptera Monolepta signata : Chrysomelidae: Coleoptera Symptom of attack: Shot holes. Nature of damage: The pest occurs in small number is feeding on the leaves. It nibbles small holes on the leaves. Life stages: C. schestedti : This is an yellow beetle wit... |
59 | 185 | '2. Sweet potato weevil, Cylas formicarius , Apionidae, Coleoptera Host range: Sweet potato. Life history: 200 E 3-5 d G Total life cycle : 1-1 ½ mon A 7-10 d P Symptom of damage: Grubs and adults bore into the tubers and make them unfit for consumption. Nature of damage: It is an important pest both in the field and... |
60 | 18 | '2. Rice case worm : Nymphula depunctalis : Pyraustidae: Lepidoptera Symptom of attack: Plants stunted, caterpillars hanging on the leaf edges in a tubular case . Nature of damage: The caterpillar cuts a piece of leaf, rolls it longitudinally into a tubular structure and remains inside. It feeds by scraping the green t... |
61 | 19 | '3. Rice skipper : Pelopidas mathias : Hesperidae: Lepidoptera Symptom of attack: Leaves folded longitudinally and scrapped patches in such places. Nature of damage: The caterpillar folds the leaves and feeds from inside. It feeds on the parenchyma and leaf gets reduced to skeleton. Occurs in the nursery and planted cr... |
62 | 20 | '4. Leaf folder/ roller : Cnaphalocrocis medinalis : Pyralidae: Lepidoptera Symptom of attack: Leaves folded longitudinally or transversely with silk and scrapped patches in such places. Nature of damage: Larvae remain inside the fold and scrapping off green portion of the leaves leaving white patches. Egg: Flat oval y... |
63 | 21 | '5. Rice horned caterpillar : Melanitis ismene : Nymphalidae: Lepidoptera Symptom of attack: Defoliated leaves. It is a minor pest. Nature of damage: The larva feed on the paddy leaves at night, remaining inactive during daytime. Egg: Eggs are white, round laid singly on the paddy leaves. Larva: Larva is green in colou... |
64 | 186 | '3. Lesser grain borer/Hooded grain borer/paddy borer beetle, Rhyzopertha dominica , Bostrychidae, Coleoptera Host range: Paddy, rice, wheat, maize. It is able to attack paddy more easily than S. oryzae. Life history: 550 E 4-6 d G 4' |
65 | 227 | 'Fruits and vegetables are processed by various methods like low temperature, thermal treatment, concentration, freezing and irradiation. But prior to subjecting fruits and vegetables to such treatments, all fruits and vegetables undergo some preliminary operations. Each processing method is based on certain principles... |
66 | 24 | '7. Grass hoppers : Hieroglyphus banian (Large grasshopper) Oxya nitidula (Small grasshopper) : Acrididae: Orthoptera Symptom of attack: The nymphs and adults nibble leaves and also earheads in the early stages. Nature of damage: Both the adults and nymphs feed on the leaf and in severe cases the entire leaf may be eat... |
67 | 25 | '8. Spiny beetle/ Rice hispa : Dicladispa armigera : Chrysomelidae: Coleoptera Symptom of attack: The mining of the grubs will be clearly seen on the leaves. White parallel line will be clear on the leaves. Nature of damage: The grub mines into the leaf blade and feed on the green tissue between the veins. Adults also ... |
68 | 47 | '9. Whitegrub, Holotrichia consanguinea , Melolonthidae, Coleoptera Symptom of damage: Death of grown up plants. Leaves and tender shoots nibbled. Nature of damage: Grub feed on the root and rootlets, results in the death of the plants. Adults nibble on the leaves and tender shoots. They can move under soil, thus can m... |
69 | 48 | '10. Root aphid , Tetraneura nigriabdominalis , Aphididae, Hemiptera Symptom of damage: Wilting and drying of plants in patches. Presence of black ants, Camponotus compressus , around the base of the plants. Nature of damage: Nymph and adult attack underground parts of the plants, they suck sap from roots. Plants beco... |
70 | 49 | '3. Cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon , Noctuidae, Lepidoptera Symptom of damage: Cutting of tender stem and defoliation. Nature of damage: Larva defoliates the crop. Larva: Greasy to touch; coil up at the slightest touch. Blackish brown with red head, greyish green laterally with dark stripes. Adult: Stout moth with brownish f... |
71 | 84 | '6. Flea beetle , Phyllotreta cruciferae , Alticidae, Coleoptera 7. Diamond back moth , Plutella xylostella , Plutellidae, Lepidoptera Lecture No. 11. PESTS OF OILSEEDS - GROUNDNUT' |
72 | 88 | 'Symptom of damage: Branches may droop and the plants show wilting and may die when the grubs reach the root. Nature of damage: Grubs tunnel the stem just below the soil surface and main roots, tunnel containing elongate flat-headed grubs. Life stages Egg: Small flat oval eggs laid on the main stem of the plants. Grub:... |
73 | 29 | '2. Stem borer : Chilo partellus : Crambidae: Lepidoptera Symptoms of attack: Presence of circular holes on the unfolded leaves and dead hearts in the early stages are the main symptoms. The boreholes may be visible in contrast to the dead heart caused by the stem borer. When grown up plants are attacked the symptoms w... |
74 | 30 | '3. Pink Stem borer : Sesamia inferens : Noctuidae: Lepidoptera Symptom of damage: Presence of dead heart. Nature of damage: The young larvae after hatching, congregate inside the leaf whorls and feed on folded central leaves causing typical ‘pin hole’ symptoms. Severe feeding results in killing of the central shoot an... |
75 | 31 | 'II. LEAF FEEDERS 5. Slug caterpillar : Thosea apierens : Cochlididae: Lepidoptera Symptom of attack: Defoliation. Nature of damage: They feed on the leaves and defoliate. Apart from this they cause lot of irritation on the people who work in the field. Harvest is made difficult and it is reported the even cattle do no... |
76 | 55 | '4. Root grub , Arthrodeis sp., Tenebrionidae, Coleoptera Symptom of damage: Yellowing and gradual wilting of entire plants. Nature of damage: Grubs feed on the roots of rainfed crop. Adult: Black coloured shiny beetle.' |
77 | 67 | 'Pupa: Pupation takes place in hard chitinous puparium, which is found sticking to the side of pod or in the groove eaten into the grain by the larva. It is cylindrical with broadly rounded ends. Fresh pupa is yellowish white, but becomes darker subsequently. Adult: It is slightly bigger than the male. Its wings are al... |
78 | 95 | '13. Thrips, Caliothrips indicus , Thripidae, Thysanoptera Symptom of damage: Older/lower leaves showing white spots/marks or streaks intermingled with black excreta on the upper surface. Nature of damage: Nymphs and adults suck the sap from tender shoots. Nymph and Adult: Dark blackish brown with fringed wings. Fore... |
79 | 96 | '14. Thrips , Scirtothrips dorsalis , Thripidae, Thysanoptera Symptom of damage: Tender leaves showing yellowish green patches on the upper surface and brown necrotic areas and silvery sheen on the lower surface. Nature of damage: Nymphs and adults suck the sap from tender shoots. Nymph and Adult: Creamy to white nymph... |
80 | 1,463 | 'Tea means tea other than Kangra tea obtained by acceptable processes, exclusively from the leaves, buds and tender stems of plant of the Camellia sinensis (L) O.Kuntze. It may be in the' |
81 | 36 | '10. Earhead bug : Calocoris angustatus : Miridae: Hemiptera Symptom of damage: No external symptom will be visible. The earheads should be tapped either on the palm or a piece of cardboard. A number of brownish or greenish nymphs and adults can be seen. On the developing grains small brownish spots will be visible. In... |
82 | 37 | 'Nymph: The newly hatched nymphs have light orange red abdomen, which changes to green in the advanced instars. Adult: The adult is a slender green elongate bug about 1 cm long and active flier.' |
83 | 38 | '12. Sorghum midge : Contarinia sorghicola : Cecidomyidae: Diptera Symptoms of attack: The flowers appear damaged; earheads are devoid of grains and during severe attack, may appear blighted. Nature of damage: This fly attacks the developing grains. The larvae develop by feeding inside the grains. This results in the f... |
84 | 187 | '28-56 d Total life cycle : 25 d A 7-8 d P Symptom of damage: Presence of round tunnel (1 mm) in grains and root crops. In bagged storage irregular messy waste flour spots indicate infestation of the pest. Presence of frass, shelled grains and foul smell. Nature of damage: Heating is very common. Infestation is confine... |
85 | 1,464 | 'form of black or oolong tea. The product shall have characteristic flavour free from any off odour, taint and mustiness. It shall be free from living insects, moulds, dead insects, insect fragments and rodent contamination. The product shall be free from extraneous matter, added colouring matter and harmful substances... |
86 | 40 | '1. Pink borer, Sesamia inferens , Noctuidae, Lepidoptera Symptom of damage: Deadheart. Nature of damage: Larva congregate inside the leaf whorls and feed on the central leaves causing typical ‘pin hole’ symptom. Severe feeding results in drying of the central shoot and results in dead heart formation. Egg: Creamy whi... |
87 | 41 | '2. White borer, Saluria inficita , Phycitidae, Lepidoptera Symptom of damage: Deadheart. Nature of damage: Larva found at the base of tillers close to soil level and attack the basal parts of the plants. Larva: Creamy white with yellow head. Pupa: Brown, obtect type, pupates inside the stem. Adult: Small moth with da... |
88 | 42 | '3. Cutworm, Spodoptera exigua , Noctuidae, Lepidoptera Symptom of damage: Defoliation in the nursery. Nature of damage: Larva feed on leaves especially in the nursery. Larvae hide in the soil during daytime and feed on leaves at night. Egg: Lays cluster of eggs on the lower portion of young plants. Larva: Brownish gr... |
89 | 43 | '4. Black hairy caterpillar, Estigmene lactinea , Arctiidae, Lepidoptera Symptom of damage: Defoliation. Nature of damage: Larva feeds on the leaves. Egg: Eggs are laid on the plants. Larva: Thick with black head and hairs all over the body. Pupa: Pupates in soil. Adult: Large white moth with crimson markings on head, ... |
90 | 44 | 'Symptom of damage: Shot holes in the leaves of young plants. Nature of damage: Adult bites and makes holes in the leaves of young plants and affects their vigour both in the nursery and in the young transplanted crop. Adult: Dark blue beetle with enlarged hind femur.' |
91 | 45 | '6. Wingless grasshopper , Neorthacris simulans , Acrididae, Orthoptera Symptom of damage: Defoliation. Nature of damage: Nymph and adult defoliate the crop. Adult: Greenish brown colour with a red stripe on the sides; without wings.' |
92 | 46 | '8. Aphid, Hysteroneura setariae , Aphididae, Hemiptera Symptom of damage: Presence of colonies of aphids on leaves and ears. Nature of damage: Nymph and adult suck the sap. Adult: Brown coloured aphids.' |
93 | 232 | '5. Ripening -Ripening before processing may be required for certain fruits such as avocado, banana, kiwifruit, mango, nectarine, papaya, peach, pear, plum, melons, etc. that are picked immature. Ethylene treatment can be used to obtain faster and more uniform ripening. The optimum temperature range for ripening is 15-... |
94 | 50 | '4. Phadka grasshopper , Hieroglyphus nigrorepletus , Acrididae, Orthoptera Symptom of damage: Leaves defoliated from the margin; plants often bared. Nature of damage: Nymph and adult feed on the leaves and shoots. Egg: Gravid female trails its abdomen on the ground searching for a soft moist spot. It drills a hole wit... |
95 | 51 | '5. Stem borer, Chilo partellus, Crambidae, Lepidoptera 6. Pink stem borer, Sesamia inferens , Noctuidae, Lepidoptera 7. Webworm, Cryptoblabes gnidiella , Pyraustidae, Lepidoptera 8. Cutworm, Mythimna separata , Noctuidae, Lepidoptera 9. Cutworm, Spodoptera exigua , Notuidae, Lepidoptera 10. Ash weevil, Myllocerus spp.... |
96 | 52 | '1. Shoot fly, Atherigona approximata , Muscidae, Diptera Symptom of damage: Dead hearts in young plants; corkscrew or chaffy grains in the upper portion and well-developed grains in the lower portion of earhead in mature crop. Nature of damage: Maggot damages the growing point and causes ‘dead heart’. It injures the l... |
97 | 53 | '2. Earhead midge, Geromyia penniseti , Cecidomyiidae, Diptera Symptom of damage: Grainless glumes with white pupal case attached to the tip of the spikelet. Nature of damage: Maggot attacks developing grains and feed on the ovaries. As a result of their feeding grain formation is affected and in case of heavy infestat... |
98 | 54 | '3. Leaf beetle, Lema downsei , Galerucidae, Coleoptera Symptom of damage: Whitening and drying of leaves leading to burnt up appearance. Nature of damage: Grub and adult scrape the green matter of leaves in rainfed crop causing whitening and ultimate drying. Egg: Eggs laid singly on the leaf tissue. Grub: Whitish with... |
99 | 61 | '3. Gram blue butterfly , Euchrysops (Catochrysops) cnejus , Lycaenidae, Lepidoptera Symptom of damage: Presence of regular, big, circular borehole on the flowers and pods. Presence of flat slug like green coloured larva on affected flowers or young pods. Black ants hovering around the plants. Nature of damage: Larva b... |
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