subham2507/charecterization_paper_dataset · Datasets at Hugging Face

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	Overview of the experimental setup at the SAPHIR platform (CEA Paris-Saclay).
	UV–vis spectra and photo of graphene oxide in UV/free chlorine system. 1A(1) and 1B: GO (50 mg/L) with 200 mg/L free chlorine at pH 5 under UV irradiation (2000 µW/cm2 ) for 2 h. 1A(2) and 1C: GO (50 mg/L) with 200 mg/L free chlorine in dark. 1A(3) and 1D: GO (50 mg/L) under UV irradiation (2000 µW/cm2 ).
	C and n fitting coefficients of the (first) loading curves for neat resin and composite core and surface.
	(a) The capacitive currents of Co(OH)2 at 0.4 V with various scan rate of 5, 10, 20, 30 and 40 mV s−1 ; the capacitive currents of (b) Co(OH)2/RuO2-1, (c) Co (OH)2/RuO2-2 and (d)Co(OH)2/RuO2-3 at 0.5 V with various scan rate of 5, 10, 20, 30 and 50 mV s−1 .
	(a) TKD analysis (step size = 10 nm) on TEM sample 1 showing the pattern quality map (top left), phase map (austenite phase in red and spinel oxide phase in green, top right), IPFX map (middle left), IPFY (middle right), and IPFZ (bottom); (b) TKD analysis on TEM sample 2 (step size = 3 nm) showing the phase map (austenite phase in red and spinel phase in green, top left), IPFX map (top right), IPFY (bottom left), and IPFZ (bottom right).
	Top view AFM images at a 2.0 × 2.0 µm scanned area, (a) uncoated Ti6Al4V alloy, (b) uncoated Ti6Al4V alloy by using phase mode, (c) Ti6Al4V alloy containing Nb2O5 film, and (d) coated Ti6Al4V by using phase mode.
	Electrochemical performance of the bamboo fiber-based supercapacitors. (a) Extended depth-of-field 3D image of an electrolyte-coated electrode with (inset) a diameter of 1.35 mm. (b) CV curves at different scan rates. (c) GCD curves at different current densities. (d) Rate capability. (e) Energy and power densities of this work compared with reported results: (Ref: a) AC/AC (6.5 µWh cm− 2 ) ,](#page-8-0) (Ref: b) PET/Au/Ni-MOF@C yarn (5.41 µWh cm− 2 ) ,](#page-8-0) (Ref: c) CNT/OMC (1.77 µWh cm− 2 ) ,](#pag
	Example of the granular structure obtained via the centroidal Voronoi tessellation (a). A subsection has been chosen to illustrate Lloyd's relaxation algorithm after: zero (b), one (c), two (d) and three (e) iterations. The seed points are indicated by the crosses with the centroids represented by the circles. As more iterations are performed the angular nature of the grains is reduced.
	Cold-rolled grains having the orientation with shear bands containing Goss sub-grains. (a) Distribution of the image quality parameter (that describes the quality of an electron backscatter diffraction pattern) with a step of 0.1 mm and (b) pixels belonging only to Goss orientation (green). Sample HR5 after second cold rolling CR2. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
	Radius – pressure effect (7 Hz & UL).
	The compressive strength of the SS compact under different CO2 uptake.
	a) HR-TEM micrograph selected of ZnO nanoparticles, b) HR-TEM micrograph selected of ZnO/MnO(Mn=5.0%) nanocomposite.
	Element-specific EDX maps of the cerium-rich inclusion shown in (#page-10-0).
	Picrosirius red-stained cross-section of the descending thoracic aorta from donor V with identification of the thicknesses of the tunica intima, media and adventitia. In-plane sections of the three layers after separation are also shown. In-plane sections are 10 μm thick, cross-section is 4 μm thick.
	(a) K with λ, (b) R versus λ, (c) n against λ and (d) σopt with λ, for PVA and PVA/Nd2O3.
	Calibration curves. (a) Natural soils. Black circles, CL dry profiles; black squares CH dry profiles; grey circles CL wet profiles; grey squares CH wet profiles. (b) Granular fill. Circles, Test 1; squares, Test2; triangles, Test 3; diamonds, Test 4; black symbols, dry conditions; grey symbols, wet conditions; asterisk, Test 5, dry conditions; cross, Test 5, wet conditions.
	SEM UVD + B.C.+BSE image of edge zone of a C/C sample coated by Al-oxide based varnish enriched by 1 wt% of Si-oxide nanosphere inclusion.
	AFM images of sintered membranes: a) M-Z, b) M-Z-PS10, c) M-Z-PS20, d) M-Z-PS30.
	Pareto chart of factors affecting the response variable 'depth of penetration'.
	(a) XRD patterns of Nb2O5-x at different temperatures, (b) enlarged views of the (001) diffraction peaks, (c) EPR spectra for Nb2O5 and Nb2O5-x, (d) XPS survey scan of the Nb2O5-x, high resolution XPS spectra of (e) C 1 s, and (f) Nb 3d.
	Schematic illustration for the synthetic procedure of hollow copper sulfide.
	Solar reflectance of samples in the heating cycle.
	Details of the spherical samples, position of the thermocouples and sample arrangement inside the oven.
	Mass change of the specimens during the vapour permeability test.
	XRD patterns of EMR.
	Temperature-dependence of thermal stress strain-rate scaling term: comparison of linear fit with experimentally-based results.
	SEM micrographs of the SP paper: upper surface at low magnification a), food-facing surface at low magnification b), upper surface at higher magnification c), food-facing surface at higher magnification d), print on the upper surface e), higher magnification with some particles and rough surface f).
	ine Diagram Test Samples as per ASTM Standard
	In-situ O K-edge spectra of graphene-covered IrOx films on Nafion during stepwise anodization. (a–c) Experimental spectra of amorphous, semicrystalline, and crystalline films, respectively, normalized to the edge jump at 550 eV. The spectra were recorded in 0.1 M H2SO4 using TEY detection mode, which has a probing depth of ~5 nm. The main contributing O(H) species in the spectra are indicated. (d) Theoretical analysis based on O K-edge simulations for various rutile IrO2 surface structures (#page-26-0)].
	EBSD grain boundary maps and grain size distribution histograms of (a-b) Base, (c-d) WOR\_3 and (e-f) WR\_3 condition.
	. Experimental X-ray powder diffraction profile of LIM at room temperature.
	(a) SEM image used to EDX analysis of Ti6Al4V alloy containing Nb2O5 thin film from the top, (b-f) the variation in the chemical composition (wt %) along with the microstructure.
	Binary plots of the chemical concentration of four mould textures and one core texture. a): SiO2 against Al2O3; b): Na2O against MgO; c): K2O against CaO; d): TiO2 against Fe2O3.
	Transverse thermal field.
	(a) HRTEM image of symbiotic CeH2.73/CeO2 nanoparticles of MgH2–Mg2NiH4–CeH2.73/CeO2 nanocomposites. Insets show the corresponding FFT images of (b) outer and (c) inner layers of the core-shell CeH2.73/CeO2 nanoparticles. (d, e) In-situ HRTEM images of CeH2.73/CeO2 nanoparticles during dehydrogenation: (d) initial state and (e) after 10 s. (f) In-situ HRTEM images of Mg2FeH6–MgH2 composite during dehydrogenation. Corresponding (g) diffraction patterns obtained through FFT and (h) inverse FFT images for Mg2F
	6. Shear specimen geometry of Peirs et al(#page-15-13) (all dimensions are in millimetres), and measured strain path of a representative shear test on DP1180.
	Shows axial cross section views of the IMPACT capsules in 3D modeled in ABAQUS.
	ICP plasma spectroscopy data concentrations of alkali metals in gypsum sample.
	Varying strain rate data at 25 ◦C for U-NR.
	Experimental procurer for preparing (a) Solution 1, (b) Solution 2, and (c) biopolymer–clay composite films.
	Evolution of the magnetic induction B10Oe and Goss fraction of samples after A5 annealing with different initial hot rolling conditions.
	X-ray diffraction pattern of (a) the ore sample and (b) the flotation concentrate sample. Insets (c) and (d) display the magnified XRD data covering the range of 2θ = 43◦ to 45◦, highlighting the distinctive pyrrhotite peaks.
	(a) Frequency dependence of the real permittivity, imaginary permittivity and dielectric loss tangent for BCN, BCN@LDH-1, BCN@LDH-2, and BCN@LDH-3. (b) Cole-Cole plot and of BCN@LDH-2. (c) Differential charge density map of BCN/LDH. (d) Attenuation constant of BCN, BCN@LDH-1, BCN@LDH-2, and BCN@LDH-3. (e) The 2D reflection loss and impedance matching of BCN@LDH-2. (f) The mechanisms of EMW absorption in BCN@LDH-2.
	(aed) Cycle voltammetry measurement for the N-CFS (electrode) in 0.5 M H2SO4 aqueous solution with a scan rate of 100 mV/s. (e) Potential difference between anodic and cathodic peaks (DEp) and (f) anodic current density as a function of the scan rate. N-CFS, nitrogen-doped carbon fiber sponge; BZ-PY, pyridine-benzylamine; ACE, acetonitrileethanol; BZE-UR, BZE saturated with urea; BZE, benzylamine-ethanol.
	STA analysis of the three different YSZ filaments (SiCeram, PT+A, and Fabru) before and after solvent debinding; a) shows the STA signal of the SiCeram, b) PT+A,c) TG signal, and d) DTA signal for Fabru filaments.
	Fluorescent images of rhodamine-conjugated albumin and fibronectin adsorbed on the different surfaces (200x).
	Difference amplitude P-UPS between the experimental polar plot for an aluminum plate (d = ± 1.500 0.002 mm) and the forward simulations based on the results of the inversion procedure for the isotropic (a) and orthotropic (b) cases. The colorbar is normalized to the maximum amplitude of the input signal.
	Image of (a) the BNNB-SiCN sample. The diameter of the sample is 38.90 mm as shown in the image. (b) BNNT-SiCN sample. The diameter of the sample is 76.20 mm as shown in the image.
	Pressure profiles of the CO2 simulation runs in the packed bed with different isotherm and kinetic parameters. Conditions: T0 = 30 C; u = 0; Stroke1 = Stroke2 = 0–100 mm, tc = 20 s.
	Thin-section photomicrographs of each petrographic entity in plain polarised light (PPL) and crossed polars (XP). A) A light brown (PPL) – grey (XP) nonvitrified matrix dominated by medium silt-very fine quartz grains (RW); B) A dark brown (PPL) – dark grey (XP) well sintered matrix dominated by medium silt-very fine quartz grains (ViS); C) Grey (PPL) – black (XP) continuous vitrified matrix dominated by quartz grains with newly formed, black micro-acicular mineral phases floating between the quartz grains
	Contour mapping of Voc for FASnI3 absorber and HTLs thickness (a) CBTS (b) CFTS (c) Cu2O (d) CuI (e) CuO (f) CuSbS2 (g) CuSCN.
	(a) TKD band contrast and grain boundary overlaid map, (c–e) orientation distribution maps, and (f) inversed pole figures of the ultrafine-grained layer; (b) shows the grain boundaries misorientation distribution within the layer.
	(a) Nitrogen physisorption isotherms of TiN/NG and corresponding pore size distribution (inset). (b) TGA curve of TiN/NG in air with a heating rate of 5 C min1 . High resolution XPS spectra of (c) Ti 2p, (d) C 1s and (e) N 1s in TiN/NG. (f) Li2S6 permeation experiments using H-shape cells with different separators.
	(a,b) TEM images of MnFe2O4/OV at different resolution (c) Size distribution histogram of MnFe2O4/OV.
	(a) UVevis spectra of AO7 at various times in the Fe@GRM; (b) UVevis spectra of AO7 at various times in the presence of Fe@GRM/PS; (c)The XPS surveys of before and after removal AO7 by Fe@GRM/PS; (d) Fe 2p spectra of Fe@GRM; (e) O1s spectra of Fe@GRM; (f) N1s spectra of Fe@GRM after removing AO7.
	Illustration of topographic prominence: (A) heights of peaks and valleys denoted in a time series; (B) pairing of peaks with numbers indicate the lowest value between the "To" and "From" peaks. X denotes that the "To" peak is not higher than the "From" peak. Highlighted cells denote the maximum value of that row; (C) the processed time series will all prominences denoted.
	Robotic arm mounted contact Raman Probe, within simulated active hot cell on the M3000 robotic arm, taking a measurement on the sorting table. View from CCTV cameras 3 and 4 in the control room.
	Von Mises stresses contour of yarn and matrix: (a) Stresses contour of FE\_M; (b) Stresses contour of FE\_D; (c) Stresses contour of FE\_C.
	Schematic of one contact spot. (a)The movement of movable electrode. (b) Surface overlap. (c) Simplified contact spot.
	Accumulative TSDs of the porous cement paste samples from both the intrusion and extrusion branches in different maximum applied pressures and surface conformance conditions.
	(a) - individual specimens ftc results; (b) – ftc dry to sat variation.
	(a) Normalized velocity distribution of #490 and #326. The vertical axis represents the probability density, and the horizontal axis represents the velocity divided by the interstitial velocity. The curves were obtained by kernel fitting implemented on MATLB®, as shown in Fig. S5. (b) Relationship between Q3 of u\ and CV of dpore, ws.
	Lifetime spectra of In2O3, Fe2O3, and their In2O3–Fe2O3 n-n type NCs, inset: zoom view of the selected area.
	(a) XRD patterns before and after MAX etching, (b) XRD patterns of the MoS2@MXene composites, (c) Raman spectra of the MoS2@MXene composites, (d) N2 adsorption/desorption isotherms of MoS2 and MoS2@MXene-20 and pore size distribution curve of MoS2@MXene-20.
	Comparison of open pores properties in CGB vs. IG-110 and 2114 superfine nuclear graphites. Data were obtained via mercury porosimetry: (a) raw mercury intrusion and extrusion data vs. mercury pressure, and the open-pore volumes from helium pycnometry; (b) logarithm differential intrusion vs. pore size (diameter) of externally accessible pores assumed cylindrical. The yellow shaded regions indicate possible structural changes caused by extreme mercury pressures.
	RMS data of two measuring days derived from the AE system with 60 s-averaging.
	The ground state optimized geometry of the complex.
	ZnMn2(PO4)2 @C//FePO4 nonaqueous ZIBs system: (a) The first three cycle profiles; (b) the rate performance; (c) the cycle performance; (d) CV curves at different scan rates; (e) plots of lni vs. lnv calculated from CV curves and their fitting lines; (f) GITT curves and calculated Zn2+ diffusion coefficient.
	Spin-resolved site and orbital projected density of states of HH-MnPK in the bphase.
	Schematic of the experimental system. (a) Test rig (1—Stepping motor, 2—Electric slider, 3—Ring illuminator, 4—CCD camera (scanning system 1), 5—3D optical surface profiling (scanning system 1), 6—Spring, 7—Electric actuator, 8—Movable electrode, 9—Stationary electrode, 10—Dynamic force transducer, 11—Scanning system 2, 12—Electrode pairs switching position, 13—3D measurement position, 14—2D measurement position.). (b) Experimental circuit.
	ANSYS Model of torus with current coil.
	(a) Electrode modification for (a) electrochemical salivary glucose detection. Reproduced with permission (#page-27-0)] and (b) carbon nanotube composite-based electrode modification for electrochemical cholesterol detection. Reproduced with permission (#page-27-0)].
	Flowchart of investigating the 3D microstructure and its impact on mechanical properties of HFRC. Image reproduced from ](#page-30-0).
	XRD patterns of (a) C500, (b) C700, (c) C900, (d) C1100.
	Diagram showing the structure of muscovite, kaolinite, and montmorillonite, adapted from Ref. (#page-25-0)].
	Representative images from differing time points (due to different migration speeds) demonstrating different methods of cell migration. Graphs: Time to gap closure. Each point on curve represents average of 6 points across 3 wells per cell line (2 in each well).
	Frequency distribution of the activity concentration of radionuclides in the zeolite samples.
	Assessment of Nanomaterials' Impact on Biofilm Formation: (a) The diagram illustrates the percentage of biofilm growth inhibition in microorganisms achieved through nanomaterial treatment. (b) The percentage of biofilm growth observed following treatment with the nanomaterials.
	Digital X-ray images of the exposed blade (55,000 h in service).
	Plots of the relationship between silica content and (a) NaOH concentration, (b) reaction temperature.
	Q-DLTS spectra in an ITO/PEDOT/(PF-N-PH)/Al diode for different charging times tc at T = 300 K (#page-9-0)].
	SEM morphologies of a) the separated larger and b) smaller particles of the Al-Mo system. The arrow indicates an example of an Al spot trying to diffuse to Mo.
	SEM images at different magnifications of (a) Jujube fruit powder, (b) JC and (c) JPC material.
	Evaluation of degradation reaction kinematics of (a) Rh–B and (b) MB dyes against 60 mg of SCD5 catalyst.
	Classification of various carbon nanostructures.
	HPLC-DAD chromatograms of pure curcumin, desmethoxycurcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin with their percent purities.
	Influence of feed concentration on the glyphosate adsorption in the fixed-bed column (mads = 5 g, HT = 10 cm, Q = 8 mL min−1, pH ≈ 4.7 e T ≈ 25 ◦C).
	Biodistribution study in C57BL/6 mice bearing melanoma tumors after the administration of 99mTc-HYNIC-RGD2 prepared using 99mTc obtained from the 99Mo/99mTc generator.
	XRD patterns of precursor oxide powders RE2O3 (RE= Y, Er, Tm, Yb) and SiO2.
	SEM images of NiO (a, b), NiMoO4 (c, d), NiO@NiMoO4 (e, f) and NiO@NiMoO4@PPy (g, h).
	OD formulation: Mesosulfuron-methyl, Mefenpir-diethyl and Iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium by LC-MS/MS in pristine form a) and 1st fraction eluted by AF4- FFF-MALS b).
	The experimental spectra of full impedance for the symmetrical cell with composite PYBCN/SDC ¼ 70/30 wt% electrodes at different temperatures in the air.
	XPS spectra of FeS0.5Se0.5@NC: (a) Survey spectrum, high resolution XPS spectra of (b) Fe 2p, (c) S 2p, (d) Se 3d, (e) C 1s, and (f) N 1s.
	Low temperature N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms.
	Droplet size distribution of oil in the emulsion.
	Variation in resilient modulus (MR) with test sequences.
	Light-induced evolution of UV–vis absorption spectra of thin films of Cs0.12FA0.88PbI3 (a), Cs0.12FA0.88PbI3/1 (b), Cs0.12FA0.88PbI3/2 (c), Cs0.12FA0.88PbI3/3 (d) and Cs0.12FA0.88PbI3/4 (e) stacks. The normalized absorbance (At/A0) at 750 nm for pristine perovskite films and Cs0.12FA0.88PbI3/ETL stacks under continuous light soaking.
	Displacement analysis (10 psi).
	Outline of the experiment for the batch isochoric procedure.
	I2W versus IW2 for tetrakis(thiourea)cobalt chloride (TTCoC) and potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) single crystals.

Overview of the experimental setup at the SAPHIR platform (CEA Paris-Saclay).

UV–vis spectra and photo of graphene oxide in UV/free chlorine system. 1A(1) and 1B: GO (50 mg/L) with 200 mg/L free chlorine at pH 5 under UV irradiation (2000 µW/cm2 ) for 2 h. 1A(2) and 1C: GO (50 mg/L) with 200 mg/L free chlorine in dark. 1A(3) and 1D: GO (50 mg/L) under UV irradiation (2000 µW/cm2 ).

C and n fitting coefficients of the (first) loading curves for neat resin and composite core and surface.

(a) The capacitive currents of Co(OH)2 at 0.4 V with various scan rate of 5, 10, 20, 30 and 40 mV s−1 ; the capacitive currents of (b) Co(OH)2/RuO2-1, (c) Co (OH)2/RuO2-2 and (d)Co(OH)2/RuO2-3 at 0.5 V with various scan rate of 5, 10, 20, 30 and 50 mV s−1 .

(a) TKD analysis (step size = 10 nm) on TEM sample 1 showing the pattern quality map (top left), phase map (austenite phase in red and spinel oxide phase in green, top right), IPFX map (middle left), IPFY (middle right), and IPFZ (bottom); (b) TKD analysis on TEM sample 2 (step size = 3 nm) showing the phase map (austenite phase in red and spinel phase in green, top left), IPFX map (top right), IPFY (bottom left), and IPFZ (bottom right).

Top view AFM images at a 2.0 × 2.0 µm scanned area, (a) uncoated Ti6Al4V alloy, (b) uncoated Ti6Al4V alloy by using phase mode, (c) Ti6Al4V alloy containing Nb2O5 film, and (d) coated Ti6Al4V by using phase mode.

Electrochemical performance of the bamboo fiber-based supercapacitors. (a) Extended depth-of-field 3D image of an electrolyte-coated electrode with (inset) a diameter of 1.35 mm. (b) CV curves at different scan rates. (c) GCD curves at different current densities. (d) Rate capability. (e) Energy and power densities of this work compared with reported results: (Ref: a) AC/AC (6.5 µWh cm− 2 ) ,](#page-8-0) (Ref: b) PET/Au/Ni-MOF@C yarn (5.41 µWh cm− 2 ) ,](#page-8-0) (Ref: c) CNT/OMC (1.77 µWh cm− 2 ) ,](#pag

Example of the granular structure obtained via the centroidal Voronoi tessellation (a). A subsection has been chosen to illustrate Lloyd's relaxation algorithm after: zero (b), one (c), two (d) and three (e) iterations. The seed points are indicated by the crosses with the centroids represented by the circles. As more iterations are performed the angular nature of the grains is reduced.

Cold-rolled grains having the orientation with shear bands containing Goss sub-grains. (a) Distribution of the image quality parameter (that describes the quality of an electron backscatter diffraction pattern) with a step of 0.1 mm and (b) pixels belonging only to Goss orientation (green). Sample HR5 after second cold rolling CR2. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Radius – pressure effect (7 Hz & UL).

The compressive strength of the SS compact under different CO2 uptake.

a) HR-TEM micrograph selected of ZnO nanoparticles, b) HR-TEM micrograph selected of ZnO/MnO(Mn=5.0%) nanocomposite.

Element-specific EDX maps of the cerium-rich inclusion shown in (#page-10-0).

Picrosirius red-stained cross-section of the descending thoracic aorta from donor V with identification of the thicknesses of the tunica intima, media and adventitia. In-plane sections of the three layers after separation are also shown. In-plane sections are 10 μm thick, cross-section is 4 μm thick.

(a) K with λ, (b) R versus λ, (c) n against λ and (d) σopt with λ, for PVA and PVA/Nd2O3.

Calibration curves. (a) Natural soils. Black circles, CL dry profiles; black squares CH dry profiles; grey circles CL wet profiles; grey squares CH wet profiles. (b) Granular fill. Circles, Test 1; squares, Test2; triangles, Test 3; diamonds, Test 4; black symbols, dry conditions; grey symbols, wet conditions; asterisk, Test 5, dry conditions; cross, Test 5, wet conditions.

SEM UVD + B.C.+BSE image of edge zone of a C/C sample coated by Al-oxide based varnish enriched by 1 wt% of Si-oxide nanosphere inclusion.

AFM images of sintered membranes: a) M-Z, b) M-Z-PS10, c) M-Z-PS20, d) M-Z-PS30.

Pareto chart of factors affecting the response variable 'depth of penetration'.

(a) XRD patterns of Nb2O5-x at different temperatures, (b) enlarged views of the (001) diffraction peaks, (c) EPR spectra for Nb2O5 and Nb2O5-x, (d) XPS survey scan of the Nb2O5-x, high resolution XPS spectra of (e) C 1 s, and (f) Nb 3d.

Schematic illustration for the synthetic procedure of hollow copper sulfide.

Solar reflectance of samples in the heating cycle.

Details of the spherical samples, position of the thermocouples and sample arrangement inside the oven.

Mass change of the specimens during the vapour permeability test.

XRD patterns of EMR.

Temperature-dependence of thermal stress strain-rate scaling term: comparison of linear fit with experimentally-based results.

SEM micrographs of the SP paper: upper surface at low magnification a), food-facing surface at low magnification b), upper surface at higher magnification c), food-facing surface at higher magnification d), print on the upper surface e), higher magnification with some particles and rough surface f).

ine Diagram Test Samples as per ASTM Standard

In-situ O K-edge spectra of graphene-covered IrOx films on Nafion during stepwise anodization. (a–c) Experimental spectra of amorphous, semicrystalline, and crystalline films, respectively, normalized to the edge jump at 550 eV. The spectra were recorded in 0.1 M H2SO4 using TEY detection mode, which has a probing depth of ~5 nm. The main contributing O(H) species in the spectra are indicated. (d) Theoretical analysis based on O K-edge simulations for various rutile IrO2 surface structures (#page-26-0)].

EBSD grain boundary maps and grain size distribution histograms of (a-b) Base, (c-d) WOR\_3 and (e-f) WR\_3 condition.

. Experimental X-ray powder diffraction profile of LIM at room temperature.

(a) SEM image used to EDX analysis of Ti6Al4V alloy containing Nb2O5 thin film from the top, (b-f) the variation in the chemical composition (wt %) along with the microstructure.

Binary plots of the chemical concentration of four mould textures and one core texture. a): SiO2 against Al2O3; b): Na2O against MgO; c): K2O against CaO; d): TiO2 against Fe2O3.

Transverse thermal field.

(a) HRTEM image of symbiotic CeH2.73/CeO2 nanoparticles of MgH2–Mg2NiH4–CeH2.73/CeO2 nanocomposites. Insets show the corresponding FFT images of (b) outer and (c) inner layers of the core-shell CeH2.73/CeO2 nanoparticles. (d, e) In-situ HRTEM images of CeH2.73/CeO2 nanoparticles during dehydrogenation: (d) initial state and (e) after 10 s. (f) In-situ HRTEM images of Mg2FeH6–MgH2 composite during dehydrogenation. Corresponding (g) diffraction patterns obtained through FFT and (h) inverse FFT images for Mg2F

6. Shear specimen geometry of Peirs et al(#page-15-13) (all dimensions are in millimetres), and measured strain path of a representative shear test on DP1180.

Shows axial cross section views of the IMPACT capsules in 3D modeled in ABAQUS.

ICP plasma spectroscopy data concentrations of alkali metals in gypsum sample.

Varying strain rate data at 25 ◦C for U-NR.

Experimental procurer for preparing (a) Solution 1, (b) Solution 2, and (c) biopolymer–clay composite films.

Evolution of the magnetic induction B10Oe and Goss fraction of samples after A5 annealing with different initial hot rolling conditions.

X-ray diffraction pattern of (a) the ore sample and (b) the flotation concentrate sample. Insets (c) and (d) display the magnified XRD data covering the range of 2θ = 43◦ to 45◦, highlighting the distinctive pyrrhotite peaks.

(a) Frequency dependence of the real permittivity, imaginary permittivity and dielectric loss tangent for BCN, BCN@LDH-1, BCN@LDH-2, and BCN@LDH-3. (b) Cole-Cole plot and of BCN@LDH-2. (c) Differential charge density map of BCN/LDH. (d) Attenuation constant of BCN, BCN@LDH-1, BCN@LDH-2, and BCN@LDH-3. (e) The 2D reflection loss and impedance matching of BCN@LDH-2. (f) The mechanisms of EMW absorption in BCN@LDH-2.

(aed) Cycle voltammetry measurement for the N-CFS (electrode) in 0.5 M H2SO4 aqueous solution with a scan rate of 100 mV/s. (e) Potential difference between anodic and cathodic peaks (DEp) and (f) anodic current density as a function of the scan rate. N-CFS, nitrogen-doped carbon fiber sponge; BZ-PY, pyridine-benzylamine; ACE, acetonitrileethanol; BZE-UR, BZE saturated with urea; BZE, benzylamine-ethanol.

STA analysis of the three different YSZ filaments (SiCeram, PT+A, and Fabru) before and after solvent debinding; a) shows the STA signal of the SiCeram, b) PT+A,c) TG signal, and d) DTA signal for Fabru filaments.

Fluorescent images of rhodamine-conjugated albumin and fibronectin adsorbed on the different surfaces (200x).

Difference amplitude P-UPS between the experimental polar plot for an aluminum plate (d = ± 1.500 0.002 mm) and the forward simulations based on the results of the inversion procedure for the isotropic (a) and orthotropic (b) cases. The colorbar is normalized to the maximum amplitude of the input signal.

Image of (a) the BNNB-SiCN sample. The diameter of the sample is 38.90 mm as shown in the image. (b) BNNT-SiCN sample. The diameter of the sample is 76.20 mm as shown in the image.

Pressure profiles of the CO2 simulation runs in the packed bed with different isotherm and kinetic parameters. Conditions: T0 = 30 C; u = 0; Stroke1 = Stroke2 = 0–100 mm, tc = 20 s.

Thin-section photomicrographs of each petrographic entity in plain polarised light (PPL) and crossed polars (XP). A) A light brown (PPL) – grey (XP) nonvitrified matrix dominated by medium silt-very fine quartz grains (RW); B) A dark brown (PPL) – dark grey (XP) well sintered matrix dominated by medium silt-very fine quartz grains (ViS); C) Grey (PPL) – black (XP) continuous vitrified matrix dominated by quartz grains with newly formed, black micro-acicular mineral phases floating between the quartz grains

Contour mapping of Voc for FASnI3 absorber and HTLs thickness (a) CBTS (b) CFTS (c) Cu2O (d) CuI (e) CuO (f) CuSbS2 (g) CuSCN.

(a) TKD band contrast and grain boundary overlaid map, (c–e) orientation distribution maps, and (f) inversed pole figures of the ultrafine-grained layer; (b) shows the grain boundaries misorientation distribution within the layer.

(a) Nitrogen physisorption isotherms of TiN/NG and corresponding pore size distribution (inset). (b) TGA curve of TiN/NG in air with a heating rate of 5 C min1 . High resolution XPS spectra of (c) Ti 2p, (d) C 1s and (e) N 1s in TiN/NG. (f) Li2S6 permeation experiments using H-shape cells with different separators.

(a,b) TEM images of MnFe2O4/OV at different resolution (c) Size distribution histogram of MnFe2O4/OV.

(a) UVevis spectra of AO7 at various times in the Fe@GRM; (b) UVevis spectra of AO7 at various times in the presence of Fe@GRM/PS; (c)The XPS surveys of before and after removal AO7 by Fe@GRM/PS; (d) Fe 2p spectra of Fe@GRM; (e) O1s spectra of Fe@GRM; (f) N1s spectra of Fe@GRM after removing AO7.

Illustration of topographic prominence: (A) heights of peaks and valleys denoted in a time series; (B) pairing of peaks with numbers indicate the lowest value between the "To" and "From" peaks. X denotes that the "To" peak is not higher than the "From" peak. Highlighted cells denote the maximum value of that row; (C) the processed time series will all prominences denoted.

Robotic arm mounted contact Raman Probe, within simulated active hot cell on the M3000 robotic arm, taking a measurement on the sorting table. View from CCTV cameras 3 and 4 in the control room.

Von Mises stresses contour of yarn and matrix: (a) Stresses contour of FE\_M; (b) Stresses contour of FE\_D; (c) Stresses contour of FE\_C.

Schematic of one contact spot. (a)The movement of movable electrode. (b) Surface overlap. (c) Simplified contact spot.

Accumulative TSDs of the porous cement paste samples from both the intrusion and extrusion branches in different maximum applied pressures and surface conformance conditions.

(a) - individual specimens ftc results; (b) – ftc dry to sat variation.

(a) Normalized velocity distribution of #490 and #326. The vertical axis represents the probability density, and the horizontal axis represents the velocity divided by the interstitial velocity. The curves were obtained by kernel fitting implemented on MATLB®, as shown in Fig. S5. (b) Relationship between Q3 of u\ and CV of dpore, ws.

Lifetime spectra of In2O3, Fe2O3, and their In2O3–Fe2O3 n-n type NCs, inset: zoom view of the selected area.

(a) XRD patterns before and after MAX etching, (b) XRD patterns of the MoS2@MXene composites, (c) Raman spectra of the MoS2@MXene composites, (d) N2 adsorption/desorption isotherms of MoS2 and MoS2@MXene-20 and pore size distribution curve of MoS2@MXene-20.

Comparison of open pores properties in CGB vs. IG-110 and 2114 superfine nuclear graphites. Data were obtained via mercury porosimetry: (a) raw mercury intrusion and extrusion data vs. mercury pressure, and the open-pore volumes from helium pycnometry; (b) logarithm differential intrusion vs. pore size (diameter) of externally accessible pores assumed cylindrical. The yellow shaded regions indicate possible structural changes caused by extreme mercury pressures.

RMS data of two measuring days derived from the AE system with 60 s-averaging.

The ground state optimized geometry of the complex.

ZnMn2(PO4)2 @C//FePO4 nonaqueous ZIBs system: (a) The first three cycle profiles; (b) the rate performance; (c) the cycle performance; (d) CV curves at different scan rates; (e) plots of lni vs. lnv calculated from CV curves and their fitting lines; (f) GITT curves and calculated Zn2+ diffusion coefficient.

Spin-resolved site and orbital projected density of states of HH-MnPK in the bphase.

Schematic of the experimental system. (a) Test rig (1—Stepping motor, 2—Electric slider, 3—Ring illuminator, 4—CCD camera (scanning system 1), 5—3D optical surface profiling (scanning system 1), 6—Spring, 7—Electric actuator, 8—Movable electrode, 9—Stationary electrode, 10—Dynamic force transducer, 11—Scanning system 2, 12—Electrode pairs switching position, 13—3D measurement position, 14—2D measurement position.). (b) Experimental circuit.

ANSYS Model of torus with current coil.

(a) Electrode modification for (a) electrochemical salivary glucose detection. Reproduced with permission (#page-27-0)] and (b) carbon nanotube composite-based electrode modification for electrochemical cholesterol detection. Reproduced with permission (#page-27-0)].

Flowchart of investigating the 3D microstructure and its impact on mechanical properties of HFRC. Image reproduced from ](#page-30-0).

XRD patterns of (a) C500, (b) C700, (c) C900, (d) C1100.

Diagram showing the structure of muscovite, kaolinite, and montmorillonite, adapted from Ref. (#page-25-0)].

Representative images from differing time points (due to different migration speeds) demonstrating different methods of cell migration. Graphs: Time to gap closure. Each point on curve represents average of 6 points across 3 wells per cell line (2 in each well).

Frequency distribution of the activity concentration of radionuclides in the zeolite samples.

Assessment of Nanomaterials' Impact on Biofilm Formation: (a) The diagram illustrates the percentage of biofilm growth inhibition in microorganisms achieved through nanomaterial treatment. (b) The percentage of biofilm growth observed following treatment with the nanomaterials.

Digital X-ray images of the exposed blade (55,000 h in service).

Plots of the relationship between silica content and (a) NaOH concentration, (b) reaction temperature.

Q-DLTS spectra in an ITO/PEDOT/(PF-N-PH)/Al diode for different charging times tc at T = 300 K (#page-9-0)].

SEM morphologies of a) the separated larger and b) smaller particles of the Al-Mo system. The arrow indicates an example of an Al spot trying to diffuse to Mo.

SEM images at different magnifications of (a) Jujube fruit powder, (b) JC and (c) JPC material.

Evaluation of degradation reaction kinematics of (a) Rh–B and (b) MB dyes against 60 mg of SCD5 catalyst.

Classification of various carbon nanostructures.

HPLC-DAD chromatograms of pure curcumin, desmethoxycurcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin with their percent purities.

Influence of feed concentration on the glyphosate adsorption in the fixed-bed column (mads = 5 g, HT = 10 cm, Q = 8 mL min−1, pH ≈ 4.7 e T ≈ 25 ◦C).

Biodistribution study in C57BL/6 mice bearing melanoma tumors after the administration of 99mTc-HYNIC-RGD2 prepared using 99mTc obtained from the 99Mo/99mTc generator.

XRD patterns of precursor oxide powders RE2O3 (RE= Y, Er, Tm, Yb) and SiO2.

SEM images of NiO (a, b), NiMoO4 (c, d), NiO@NiMoO4 (e, f) and NiO@NiMoO4@PPy (g, h).

OD formulation: Mesosulfuron-methyl, Mefenpir-diethyl and Iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium by LC-MS/MS in pristine form a) and 1st fraction eluted by AF4- FFF-MALS b).

The experimental spectra of full impedance for the symmetrical cell with composite PYBCN/SDC ¼ 70/30 wt% electrodes at different temperatures in the air.

XPS spectra of FeS0.5Se0.5@NC: (a) Survey spectrum, high resolution XPS spectra of (b) Fe 2p, (c) S 2p, (d) Se 3d, (e) C 1s, and (f) N 1s.

Low temperature N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms.

Droplet size distribution of oil in the emulsion.

Variation in resilient modulus (MR) with test sequences.

Light-induced evolution of UV–vis absorption spectra of thin films of Cs0.12FA0.88PbI3 (a), Cs0.12FA0.88PbI3/1 (b), Cs0.12FA0.88PbI3/2 (c), Cs0.12FA0.88PbI3/3 (d) and Cs0.12FA0.88PbI3/4 (e) stacks. The normalized absorbance (At/A0) at 750 nm for pristine perovskite films and Cs0.12FA0.88PbI3/ETL stacks under continuous light soaking.

Displacement analysis (10 psi).

Outline of the experiment for the batch isochoric procedure.

I2W versus IW2 for tetrakis(thiourea)cobalt chloride (TTCoC) and potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) single crystals.