But this has been exacerbated by human activities which have led to: 1) an increase in greenhouse gas emissions that causes heat to remain trapped within the troposphere, and 2) a decrease in ozone in the stratosphere, causing less sunlight to be absorbed by the ozone layer, resulting in a cooling of the stratosphere.
When measuring for floor tile the rule is: Length x Width + Waste = Amount Needed. Waste Factor will vary based upon tile size, layout, configuration of room, patterns, etc. Typical waste factor is about 10%. Add 15% for tile being installed diagonally or for a room with lots of jogs and corners.
MEASURING AREAS. Before you can figure out how much material you require, you will need to calculate square foot measurements (or meters) of the surface area that is being covered. A floor or ceiling can be easy to figure out. Just multiply length times width. As an example, if your living-room is 15 feet long by 20 feet wide the calculation would be 15' x 20' = 300 sq ft of floor or ceiling area. Walls can be a little more difficult to measure, especially, when you're considering decorating an entire room.