Treatment failure can occur with any regimen in patients with or without HIV infection. Because the possibility of clinical relapse after syphilis therapy may be slightly higher in HIV-infected patients, the importance of closely following HIV-infected patients with syphilis cannot be overstated.
Lumpectomy (sometimes known as a tylectomy) is a surgical removal of a discrete portion or lump of breast, usually in the treatment of malignant tumor or breast cancer.
A colostomy is a surgical procedure in which a portion of the large intestine, or colon, is brought through the abdominal wall to carry feces out of the body. There are three types of colostomies: end colostomy, double-barrel colostomy, and loop colostomy. The loop colostomy is featured in the illustration above.