In summary, we have shown the inhibitory effects of Bcl-2 family on the ceramide-mediated apoptotic pathway in glioma cells. Bcl-2 is considered to act not only downstream of ceramide to inhibit cytochrome c release followed by caspase activation, but also upstream of or at SMase to prevent ceramide generation.igure 3 Effects of Bcl-2 or Bax overexpression on ceramide formation and neutral sphingomyelinase activation in etoposide-treated C6 cells. C6/Neo (), C6/Bcl-2 (), and C6/Bax () cells were treated with 40 M etoposide for indicated periods.
Hawaii, which has the highest-paid waiters and waitresses in the country (mean wage: $13.91/hour) has a minimum wage of $7.00 for tipped employees.
Because the rate of hourly pay earned by waitresses tends to fluctuate, all statistics reported by the Bureau of Labor Statistics are averages. As of May 2011, the average of all hourly rates of pay for servers was $10.05, and the median wage reported was $8.93.