Pipes in your system will have a C-Factor to help determine this loss. This is a measure of the roughness of the interior of the pipe that creates this friction. Different types of piping will have a different C-Factor, and the higher the C-Factor, the smoother the pipe.
A motif is a literary term that is an idea, object, or concept that repeats itself throughout a text. A motif gives clues to theme or reinforces ideas an author wants to emphasize. A motif generally reinforces the theme of the text. A motif must be repeated throughout a text to be considered a motif.
There are many things that these writers did to change the world of literature forever, but a couple of the most important things that define the term Modernism are the usage of grotesque details and the idea of a code of honor. One theme that is reflective in later Modernism is the theme of the grotesque. The word grotesque, in literature, can be applied to the types of writing, the characters, and to subject matter.