Used to view spending and available funding to cover new obligations. It shows. the AFP, Allotment, Commitment, Obligation, Expenses, Disbursement, Available Allotment, and available AFP for budget objects (including Fund, Fund. Center, Commitment Item, Functional Area, and Funded Program).
A landmark case representing one of the earliest examples of the use of the Supremacy Clause is that of McCulloch v. Maryland. In this case, the Supreme Court ruled that the State of Maryland had no legal right to tax the Second Bank of the United States as a Federal entity.
a system built into the U.S. Constitution to precent any one of the three branches from becoming too powerful. Supremacy Clause A clause of the U.S. Constitution that established the U.S. Constitution and federal treaties, laws, and regulations are the supreme law of the land. preemption doctrine A doctrine that provides that federal law takes precedence over state local law.