Used to view spending and available funding to cover new obligations. It shows. the AFP, Allotment, Commitment, Obligation, Expenses, Disbursement, Available Allotment, and available AFP for budget objects (including Fund, Fund. Center, Commitment Item, Functional Area, and Funded Program).
A landmark case representing one of the earliest examples of the use of the Supremacy Clause is that of McCulloch v. Maryland. In this case, the Supreme Court ruled that the State of Maryland had no legal right to tax the Second Bank of the United States as a Federal entity.
The supremacy clause. Found in Article IV, the supremacy clause states that the Constitution and other laws and treaties made by the national government shall be the supreme â¦Law of the Land.. Because the Constitution is the highest law, the national government is not supposed to act in violation of it.