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In sociology, deviance describes an action or behavior that violates social norms, including a formally enacted rule (e.g., crime), as well as informal violations of social norms (e.g., rejecting folkways and mores).n sociology, conflict theory states that society or an organization functions so that each individual participant and its groups struggle to maximize their benefits, which inevitably contributes to social change such as political changes and revolutions.
Punishing people for deviant behavior reminds people what is expected of them and what will happen if they do not conform to societyâs norms. Every society has methods of social control, or means of encouraging conformity to norms (see Chapter 1).