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1 Achalasia. 2  Achalasia is a condition that affects the smooth muscle portion of the esophagus, that is, the lower esophagus and the lower esophageal sphincter. 3  Specifically, the peristaltic wave disappears, and the lower sphincter does not relax.
Smooth muscles are of two major types known as single unit, aka unitary, smooth muscles and multi-unit smooth muscles. The single unit smooth muscles contract and relax together, as the nerve impulse excites only one muscle cell, and that is passed on to other cells through gap junctions. Smooth muscles are found in inner organs while cardiac muscles are found only in the heart. â¢ Cardiac muscles are striated, but smooth muscles are non-striated. â¢ Each cardiac muscle cell has one or more nuclei, but the smooth muscle cells are single nucleated.