Humans cannot synthesize astaxanthin in the body, nor does it appear to act as a pro-vitamin for Vitamin A (retinol) in mammals under normal conditions although it appears that in states of Vitamin A deficiency astaxanthin (in rats) can be forced into a provitamin role.
Annual Running Cost (Â£) = Cost per mile x Average mileage /100. The Renault Clio takes about 40 litres to fill up and travels 400 miles on a full tank, giving it a respectable MPG of 45. This equates to around 10.5p/mile assuming that the Price of Petrol is around 105p per litlre. For a Renault Clio.
For a Renault Clio. Cost per mile = 40 x 105 / 400 = 10.5p per mile. Annual Running Cost = 10.5p x 12,000 / 100 = Â£1260. Note that if you had one of the poorest performing cars in terms of MPG then your cost per mile could be much higher.