Treatment failure can occur with any regimen in patients with or without HIV infection. Because the possibility of clinical relapse after syphilis therapy may be slightly higher in HIV-infected patients, the importance of closely following HIV-infected patients with syphilis cannot be overstated.
Lumpectomy (sometimes known as a tylectomy) is a surgical removal of a discrete portion or lump of breast, usually in the treatment of malignant tumor or breast cancer.
Cholecystectomy is the surgical removal of the gallbladder. Cholecystectomy is a common treatment of symptomatic gallstones and other gallbladder conditions. The first cholecystectomy was performed in 1882 by Carl Langenbuch. Introduced in 1987 by Phillipe Mouret in France, the laparoscopic cholecystectomy, which is a less invasive surgery than an open cholecystectomy, has become the standard operation for the treatment of symptomatic gallstones. The surgery can lead to postcholecystectomy syndr