hansa workshop at 12ichl here are details supplied by ernst hakon jahr for one of the workshops to be held on friday 18th august 1995 . david denison twelfth international conference on historical linguistics , hulme hall , manchester , 13-18 august 1995 . please note new dialling codes and revised phone numbers at the university of manchester up to the time of the conference : + 44 ( 0 ) 161-275 3194 or 3042 ( phone ) + 44 ( 0 ) 161-275 3187 ( fax only ) conference e-mail address : ichl1995 @ man . ac . uk workshop the influence of the hansa and low german on european languages organizers : ernst hakon jahr ( tromso ) and laura wright ( hertfordshire ) scheduled papers : james milroy ( newcastle ) : internal vs external motivations for linguistic change : what does empirical sociolinguistics have to say about the distinction ? kurt braunmuller ( hamburg ) : communication strategies in the area of the hanseatic league : the approach by semicommunication . raymond hickey ( essen ) : trading with invaders : language contact in medieval ireland . anne haavaldsen ( bergen ) : trade and language from the ' german wharf ' in bergen - the runic evidence . harry perridon ( amsterdam ) : is the definite article in jutlandic a borrowing from german ? muriel norde ( amsterdam ) : grammaticalization vs reanalysis : the case of possessive construction in germanic .