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   MAC Address Lookup Tool
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#TocGW{position:relative;width:100%;min-width:710px;height:auto;margin:0}#TocGW,#TocGW #toc-right{overflow:hidden;padding:0}#TocGW #toc-right{display:block;float:right;width:45%;min-height:336px;margin:60px 80px 10px auto}#TocGW #TocW{float:left;min-width:200px;max-width:45%}#TocGW.notshown #TocW{top:0}#TocW{position:relative;overflow:hidden;width:500px;margin:10px auto 10px 0;padding:5px;border:1px solid #aaa;background:#f9f9f9}#TocW #toctitle{font-size:11px;font-weight:700;line-height:20px;margin:0 auto;padding:0;text-align:center;color:#000}#tocshowhide{font-size:94%;font-weight:400;cursor:pointer}#tocshowhide span{cursor:pointer;text-decoration:none;color:#0645ad}.toc a{padding-top:.1rem;display:block;color:#000;border-color:#3980b5}.toc a:visited{border-color:#054572}.toc a:not(:focus):not(:hover){border-bottom-color:transparent}.toc,.toc li,.toc ol,.toc ul{list-style:decimal;margin:0;padding:0;line-height:1.1rem}.toc>li{font-weight:700}.toc>li li{font-weight:400}.toc>li li li{font-size:95%}.toc>li li li li{font-size:90%}.toc>li li li li li{font-size:85%}.toc>li{margin:1.5rem 0}.toc>li li{margin:.3rem 0}.toc>li li li{margin-left:2rem}.toc .secno{float:left;width:4rem;white-space:nowrap}.toc>li li li li .secno{font-size:85%}.toc>li li li li li .secno{font-size:100%}:not(li)>.toc{margin-left:5rem}.toc .secno{margin-left:-5rem}.toc>li li li .secno{margin-left:-7rem}.toc>li li li li .secno{margin-left:-9rem}.toc>li li li li li .secno{margin-left:-11rem}@media (max-width:30em){:not(li)>.toc{margin-left:4rem}.toc .secno{margin-left:-4rem}.toc>li li li{margin-left:1rem}.toc>li li li .secno{margin-left:-5rem}.toc>li li li li .secno{margin-left:-6rem}.toc>li li li li li .secno{margin-left:-7rem}}@media screen and (min-width:78em){body:not(.toc-inline) :not(li)>.toc{margin-left:4rem}body:not(.toc-inline) .toc .secno{margin-left:-4rem}body:not(.toc-inline) .toc>li li li{margin-left:1rem}body:not(.toc-inline) .toc>li li li .secno{margin-left:-5rem}body:not(.toc-inline) .toc>li li li li .secno{margin-left:-6rem}body:not(.toc-inline) .toc>li li li li li .secno{margin-left:-7rem}}body #TocW :not(li)>.toc{margin-left:4rem}body #TocW .toc .secno{margin-left:-4rem}body #TocW .toc>li li li{margin-left:1rem}body #TocW .toc>li li li .secno{margin-left:-5rem}body #TocW .toc>li li li li .secno{margin-left:-6rem}body #TocW .toc>li li li li li .secno{margin-left:-7rem}.toc li{clear:both}</style><meta content="MAC Address Vendor Manufacturer Tool for MAC, OUI, IAB, IEEE"name=description><meta content="max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1"name=robots><meta content=en_US property=og:locale><meta content=article property=og:type><meta content="MAC Address Lookup Tool"property=og:title><meta content="MAC Address Vendor Manufacturer Tool for MAC, OUI, IAB, IEEE"property=og:description><meta content=AskApache property=og:site_name><meta content=https://www.facebook.com/askapache/ property=article:publisher><meta content=https://www.facebook.com/htaccess.AskApache property=article:author><meta content=https://www.askapache.com/s/u.askapache.com/2009/11/MACaddress.png property=og:image><meta content=790 property=og:image:width><meta content=436 property=og:image:height><meta content=summary_large_image name=twitter:card><meta content="MAC Address Vendor Manufacturer Tool for MAC, OUI, IAB, IEEE"name=twitter:description><meta content="MAC Address Lookup Tool"name=twitter:title><meta content=@htaccess name=twitter:site><meta content=https://www.askapache.com/s/u.askapache.com/2009/11/MACaddress.png name=twitter:image><meta content=@askapache name=twitter:creator><script class="yoast-schema-graph yoast-schema-graph--main"type=application/ld+json>
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  </script><link href=https://www.askapache.com/wp-json/ rel=https://api.w.org/><link href=https://www.askapache.com/online-tools/mac-lookup/ rel=canonical><link href=https://www.askapache.com/opensearch.xml rel=search title=Search type=application/opensearchdescription+xml><link href=https://www.askapache.com/ rel=home><link title="Site Map"href=https://www.askapache.com/about/site-map/ rel=index><link href=https://www.askapache.com/apple-touch-icon.png rel=apple-touch-icon><link href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ rel=license><link href=https://twitter.com/htaccess rel=author><link href=https://twitter.com/askapache rel=publisher><link href=https://www.askapache.com/s/s.askapache.net/icons/apple-icon-180x180.png rel=apple-touch-icon sizes=180x180><link href=https://www.askapache.com/s/s.askapache.net/icons/android-icon-192x192.png rel=icon sizes=192x192 type=image/png><link href=https://www.askapache.com/s/s.askapache.net/icons/favicon-96x96.png rel=icon sizes=96x96 type=image/png><link href=https://www.google-analytics.com rel=dns-prefetch><link as=script href=https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.4.1/jquery.min.js rel=preload><link href=/manifest.json rel=manifest><script async src=https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=UA-732153-7></script><script>window.dataLayer=window.dataLayer||[];function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments)}gtag("js",new Date);gtag("config","UA-732153-7",{transport_type:"beacon",link_attribution:!0,anonymize_ip:!0,cookie_domain:"askapache.com",linker:{accept_incoming:!0}})</script><body class="ph-to page-template-default page page-id-3628 page-child parent-pageid-357 no-js h-entry"><script>var isc_js_debug=!1,isc_lock=16357470;document.body.className=document.body.className.replace('no-js','js');(adsbygoogle=window.adsbygoogle||[]).push({google_ad_client:"ca-pub-4356884677303281",enable_page_level_ads:true});</script><div id=GW><ul class=H><li><a href=#CW> Skip to main content </a><li><a href=#q> Skip to search </a></ul><header id=HW><a title="AskApache Web Development"accesskey=1 href=https://www.askapache.com/ id=logo rel=index> </a><a href=https://my.fsf.org/join?referrer=325802 id=tagline rel=nofollow> FREE THOUGHT · FREE SOFTWARE · FREE WORLD </a></header><div id=NW><div id=MW><main id=CW><aside class="GAD ga-ir"><ins class=adsbygoogle data-ad-client=ca-pub-4356884677303281 data-ad-format=auto data-ad-slot=2969122368 data-full-width-responsive=true> </ins><script>(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});</script></aside><h2><a title="Mac Address Lookup"href=https://www.askapache.com/online-tools/mac-lookup/ rel=bookmark> Mac Address Lookup </a></h2><p>Discover which company built a networked interface by MAC Address.<ol><li>Several formats accepted: <code>
         00-1C-23-59-5A-92
        </code> , <code>
         001c23595a92
        </code> , <code>
         00:1C:23:59:5A:92
        </code><li>Partial searches are accepted: <code>
         001c
        </code> , <code>
         2359:92
        </code><li>Uses several databases including NMAP, IEEE Official List, <a href=https://wireshark.askapache.com/tools/oui-lookup.html> Wireshark Info </a> , and more.<li>Never know what else may show up ;)</ol><h2>MAC address</h2><p><a class=IFL href=https://www.askapache.com/s/u.askapache.com/2009/11/MACaddress.png> <img alt="MAC address Format determine Vendor"class="alignnone size-thumbnail wp-image-9514"height=116 src=https://www.askapache.com/s/u.askapache.com/2009/11/MACaddress-116x116.png width=116> </a> A <strong> media access control address </strong> ( <strong> MAC address </strong> ) is a <a title="Unique identifier"href=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unique_identifier rel=nofollow> unique identifier </a> assigned to <a title="Network interface controller"href=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_interface_controller rel=nofollow> network interfaces </a> for communications on the physical network segment. MAC addresses are used as a <a title="Network address"href=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_address rel=nofollow> network address </a> for most <a title="IEEE 802"href=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_802 rel=nofollow> IEEE 802 </a> network technologies, including <a href=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethernet rel=nofollow title=Ethernet> Ethernet </a> . Logically, MAC addresses are used in the <a title="Media access control"href=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media_access_control rel=nofollow> media access control </a> protocol sublayer of the <a title="OSI reference model"href=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OSI_reference_model rel=nofollow> OSI reference model </a> . <br class=C><p>MAC addresses are most often assigned by the manufacturer of a <a title="Network interface controller"href=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_interface_controller rel=nofollow> network interface controller </a> (NIC) and are stored in its hardware, such as the card's <a title="Read-only memory"href=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Read-only_memory rel=nofollow> read-only memory </a> or some other <a href=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firmware rel=nofollow title=Firmware> firmware </a> mechanism. If assigned by the manufacturer, a MAC address usually encodes the manufacturer's registered identification number and may be referred to as the <strong> burned-in address </strong> ( <strong> BIA </strong> ). It may also be known as an <strong> Ethernet hardware address </strong> ( <strong> EHA </strong> ), <strong> hardware address </strong> or <strong> physical address </strong> . This can be contrasted to a programmed address, where the host device issues commands to the NIC to use an arbitrary address.<p>A <a title="Network node"href=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_node rel=nofollow> network node </a> may have multiple NICs and each must have one unique MAC address per NIC.<p>MAC addresses are formed according to the rules of one of three numbering name spaces managed by the <a title="Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"href=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institute_of_Electrical_and_Electronics_Engineers rel=nofollow> Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers </a> (IEEE): MAC-48, EUI-48, and EUI-64. The IEEE claims <a href=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trademark rel=nofollow title=Trademark> trademarks </a> on the names EUI-48 and EUI-64, in which EUI is an abbreviation for <em> Extended Unique Identifier </em> .<h2>Notational conventions</h2><p>The standard (IEEE 802) format for printing MAC-48 addresses in human-friendly form is six groups of two <a href=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hexadecimal rel=nofollow title=Hexadecimal> hexadecimal </a> digits, separated by hyphens ( <code>
        -
       </code> ) or colons ( <code>
        :
       </code> ), in transmission order (e.g. <code>
        01-23-45-67-89-ab
       </code> or <code>
        01:23:45:67:89:ab
       </code> ). This form is also commonly used for EUI-64. Another convention used by networking equipment uses three groups of four hexadecimal digits separated by dots ( <code>
        .
       </code> ) (e.g. <code>
        0123.4567.89ab
       </code> ), again in transmission order.<h2>Address details</h2><p>The original IEEE 802 MAC address comes from the original <a href=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xerox rel=nofollow title=Xerox> Xerox </a> Ethernet addressing scheme. This 48-bit address space contains potentially 248 or 281,474,976,710,656 possible MAC addresses.<p>All three numbering systems use the same format and differ only in the length of the identifier. Addresses can either be <em> universally administered addresses </em> or <em> locally administered addresses </em> . A universally administered address is uniquely assigned to a device by its manufacturer. The first three <a title="Octet (computing)"href=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octet_(computing) rel=nofollow> octets </a> (in transmission order) identify the organization that issued the identifier and are known as the <a title="Organizationally Unique Identifier"href=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organizationally_Unique_Identifier rel=nofollow> Organizationally Unique Identifier </a> (OUI). The following three (MAC-48 and EUI-48) or five (EUI-64) octets are assigned by that organization in nearly any manner they please, subject to the constraint of uniqueness. The IEEE has a target lifetime of 100 years for applications using MAC-48 space, but encourages adoption of EUI-64s instead. A locally administered address is assigned to a device by a network administrator, overriding the burned-in address. Locally administered addresses do not contain OUIs.<p>Universally administered and locally administered addresses are distinguished by setting the second- <a title="Least significant bit"href=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Least_significant_bit rel=nofollow> least-significant bit </a> of the most significant byte of the address. This bit is also referred to as the U/L bit, short for Universal/Local, which identifies how the address is administered. If the bit is 0, the address is universally administered. If it is 1, the address is locally administered. In the example address 06-00-00-00-00-00 the most significant byte is 06 (hex), the binary form of which is 00000110, where the second-least-significant bit is 1. Therefore, it is a locally administered address. Consequently, this bit is 0 in all OUIs.<p>If the least significant bit of the most significant octet of an address is set to 0 (zero), the <a title="Frame (networking)"href=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frame_(networking) rel=nofollow> frame </a> is meant to reach only one receiving <a title="Network card"href=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_card rel=nofollow> NIC </a> . This type of transmission is called <a href=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicast rel=nofollow title=Unicast> unicast </a> . A unicast frame is transmitted to all nodes within the <a title="Collision domain"href=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collision_domain rel=nofollow> collision domain </a> , which typically ends at the nearest <a title="Network switch"href=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_switch rel=nofollow> network switch </a> or <a title="Router (computing)"href=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Router_(computing) rel=nofollow> router </a> . A switch will forward a unicast frame through all of its ports (except for the port that originated the frame) if the switch has no knowledge of which port leads to that MAC address, or just to the proper port if it does have knowledge. Only the node with the matching hardware MAC address will accept the frame; network frames with non-matching MAC-addresses are ignored, unless the device is in <a title="Promiscuous mode"href=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Promiscuous_mode rel=nofollow> promiscuous mode </a> .<p>If the least significant bit of the most significant address octet is set to 1, the frame will still be sent only once; however, NICs will choose to accept it based on criteria other than the matching of a MAC address: for example, based on a configurable list of accepted multicast MAC addresses. This is called <a href=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multicast rel=nofollow title=Multicast> multicast </a> addressing.<p>The following technologies use the MAC-48 identifier format:<ul><li>Ethernet<li><a title="IEEE 802.11"href=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_802.11 rel=nofollow> 802.11 </a> wireless networks<li><a href=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bluetooth rel=nofollow title=Bluetooth> Bluetooth </a><li>IEEE 802.5 <a title="Token ring"href=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Token_ring rel=nofollow> token ring </a><li>most other IEEE 802 networks<li><a title="Fiber Distributed Data Interface"href=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiber_Distributed_Data_Interface rel=nofollow> Fiber Distributed Data Interface </a> (FDDI)<li><a title="Asynchronous Transfer Mode"href=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asynchronous_Transfer_Mode rel=nofollow> Asynchronous Transfer Mode </a> (ATM), switched virtual connections only, as part of an <a title="NSAP address"href=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NSAP_address rel=nofollow> NSAP address </a><li><a title="Fibre Channel"href=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibre_Channel rel=nofollow> Fibre Channel </a> and <a title="Serial Attached SCSI"href=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_Attached_SCSI rel=nofollow> Serial Attached SCSI </a> (as part of a <a title="World Wide Name"href=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Name rel=nofollow> World Wide Name </a> )<li>The <a href=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ITU-T rel=nofollow title=ITU-T> ITU-T </a> <a href=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G.hn rel=nofollow title=G.hn> G.hn </a> standard, which provides a way to create a high-speed (up to 1 gigabit/s) <a title="Local area network"href=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_area_network rel=nofollow> local area network </a> using existing home wiring ( <a title="Power line communication"href=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_line_communication rel=nofollow> power lines </a> , phone lines and <a title="Ethernet over coax"href=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethernet_over_coax rel=nofollow> coaxial cables </a> ). The G.hn Application Protocol Convergence (APC) layer accepts Ethernet frames that use the MAC-48 format and encapsulates them into G.hn <a title="Medium Access Control"href=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medium_Access_Control rel=nofollow> Medium Access Control </a> Service Data Units (MSDUs).</ul><p>Every device that connects to an IEEE 802 network (such as Ethernet and WiFi) has a MAC-48 address. Common consumer devices to use MAC-48 include every PC, iPhone, iPad, and Android-based devices.<p>The distinction between EUI-48 and MAC-48 identifiers is purely nominal: MAC-48 is used for network hardware; EUI-48 is used to identify other devices and software. (Thus, by definition, an EUI-48 is not in fact a "MAC address", although it is syntactically indistinguishable from one and assigned from the same numbering space.)<p>The IEEE now considers the label MAC-48 to be an obsolete term, previously used to refer to a specific type of EUI-48 identifier used to address hardware interfaces within existing 802-based networking applications, and thus not to be used in the future. Instead, the proprietary term EUI-48 should be used for this purpose.<p>The EUI-48 is expected to have its address space exhausted by the year 2100.<p>EUI-64 identifiers are used in:<ul><li><a href=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FireWire rel=nofollow title=FireWire> FireWire </a><li><a href=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPv6 rel=nofollow title=IPv6> IPv6 </a> (Modified EUI-64 as the least-significant 64 bits of a unicast network address or link-local address when stateless autoconfiguration is used)<li><a href=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZigBee rel=nofollow title=ZigBee> ZigBee </a> / <a title="IEEE 802.15"href=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_802.15 rel=nofollow> 802.15.4 </a> / <a href=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/6LoWPAN rel=nofollow title=6LoWPAN> 6LoWPAN </a> wireless personal-area networks</ul><p>The IEEE has built in several special address types to allow more than one <a title="Network Interface Card"href=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_Interface_Card rel=nofollow> network interface card </a> to be addressed at one time:<ul><li>Packets sent to the <em> <a title="Broadcast address"href=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadcast_address rel=nofollow> broadcast address </a> </em> , all one bits, are received by all stations on a local area network. In <a href=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hexadecimal rel=nofollow title=Hexadecimal> hexadecimal </a> the broadcast address would be <code>
         FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF
        </code> . A broadcast frame is <a title="Flooding (computer networking)"href=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flooding_(computer_networking) rel=nofollow> flooded </a> and is forwarded to and accepted by all other nodes.<li>Packets sent to a <em> <a title="Multicast address"href=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multicast_address rel=nofollow> multicast address </a> </em> are received by all stations on a LAN that have been configured to receive packets sent to that address.<li><strong> Functional addresses </strong> identify one or more Token Ring NICs that provide a particular service, defined in <a title="IBM token ring"href=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_token_ring rel=nofollow> IEEE 802.5 </a> .</ul><p>These are all examples of <em> group addresses </em> , as opposed to <em> individual addresses </em> ; the least significant bit of the first octet of a MAC address distinguishes individual addresses from group addresses. That bit is set to 0 in individual addresses and set to 1 in group addresses. Group addresses, like individual addresses, can be universally administered or locally administered.<p>In addition, the EUI-64 numbering system encompasses both MAC-48 and EUI-48 identifiers by a simple translation mechanism. To convert a MAC-48 into an EUI-64, copy the OUI, append the two octets <code>
        FF-FF
       </code> and then copy the organization-specified extension identifier. To convert an EUI-48 into an EUI-64, the same process is used, but the sequence inserted is <code>
        FF-FE
       </code> . In both cases, the process can be trivially reversed when necessary. Organizations issuing EUI-64s are cautioned against issuing identifiers that could be confused with these forms. The IEEE policy is to discourage new uses of 48-bit identifiers in favor of the EUI-64 system. <br> IPv6 — one of the most prominent standards that uses a Modified EUI-64 — treats MAC-48 as EUI-48 instead (as it is chosen from the same address pool) and toggles the U/L bit (as this makes it easier to type locally assigned IPv6 addresses based on the Modified EUI-64). This results in extending MAC addresses (such as IEEE 802 MAC address) to Modified EUI-64 using only <code>
        FF-FE
       </code> (and never <code>
        FF-FF
       </code> ) and with the U/L bit inverted.<h3>Individual address block</h3><p>An <a title="Individual Address Block"href=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Individual_Address_Block rel=nofollow> Individual Address Block </a> is a 24-bit <a title="Organizationally Unique Identifier"href=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organizationally_Unique_Identifier> OUI </a> managed by the IEEE Registration Authority, followed by 12 IEEE-provided bits (identifying the organization), and 12 bits for the owner to assign to individual devices. An IAB is ideal for organizations requiring fewer than 4097 unique 48-bit numbers (EUI-48).<h2>Mac Address Usage in hosts</h2><p>Although intended to be a permanent and globally unique identification, it is possible to change the MAC address on most modern hardware. Changing MAC addresses is necessary in <a title="Network virtualization"href=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_virtualization rel=nofollow> network virtualization </a> . It can also be used in the process of exploiting security vulnerabilities. This is called <a title="MAC spoofing"href=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAC_spoofing> MAC spoofing </a> .<p>A host cannot determine from the MAC address of another host whether that host is on the same link ( <a title="Network segment"href=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_segment rel=nofollow> network segment </a> ) as the sending host, or on a network segment <a title="Network bridge"href=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_bridge rel=nofollow> bridged </a> to that network segment.<p>In <a title="Internet protocol suite"href=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_protocol_suite rel=nofollow> IP </a> networks, the MAC address of an interface can be queried given the <a title="IP address"href=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP_address rel=nofollow> IP address </a> using the <a title="Address Resolution Protocol"href=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Address_Resolution_Protocol rel=nofollow> Address Resolution Protocol </a> (ARP) for <a title="Internet Protocol"href=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Protocol rel=nofollow> Internet Protocol </a> Version 4 ( <a href=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPv4 rel=nofollow title=IPv4> IPv4 </a> ) or the <a title="Neighbor Discovery Protocol"href=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neighbor_Discovery_Protocol rel=nofollow> Neighbor Discovery Protocol </a> (NDP) for IPv6. In this way, ARP or NDP is used to translate IP addresses ( <a title="OSI model"href=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OSI_model rel=nofollow> OSI </a> layer 3) into Ethernet MAC addresses (OSI layer 2). On broadcast networks, such as Ethernet, the MAC address uniquely identifies each <a title="Node (networking)"href=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Node_(networking) rel=nofollow> node </a> on that segment and allows frames to be marked for specific hosts. It thus forms the basis of most of the <a title="Link layer"href=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Link_layer rel=nofollow> link layer </a> (OSI <a title="Layer 2"href=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Layer_2 rel=nofollow> Layer 2 </a> ) networking upon which upper layer protocols rely to produce complex, functioning networks.<h2>Mac Address Usage in switches</h2><p>Layer 2 switches use MAC addresses to restrict packet transmission to the intended recipient. However, the effect is not immediate.<h2>Bit-reversed notation</h2><p>The standard notation, also called canonical format, for MAC addresses is written in transmission bit order with the least significant bit transmitted first, as seen in the output of the <a href=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iproute2 rel=nofollow title=Iproute2> iproute2 </a> / <a href=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ifconfig rel=nofollow title=Ifconfig> ifconfig </a> / <a href=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ipconfig rel=nofollow title=Ipconfig> ipconfig </a> command, for example.<p>However, since <a title="IEEE 802.3"href=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_802.3 rel=nofollow> IEEE 802.3 </a> (Ethernet) and <a title="IEEE 802.4"href=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_802.4 rel=nofollow> IEEE 802.4 </a> (Token Bus) send the bytes (octets) over the wire, left-to-right, with least significant bit in each byte first, while <a title="IEEE 802.5"href=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_802.5 rel=nofollow> IEEE 802.5 </a> (Token Ring) and <a title="IEEE 802.6"href=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_802.6 rel=nofollow> IEEE 802.6 </a> send the bytes over the wire with the most significant bit first, confusion may arise when an address in the latter scenario is represented with bits reversed from the canonical representation. For example, an address in canonical form <code>
        12-34-56-78-9A-BC
       </code> would be transmitted over the wire as bits <code>
        01001000 00101100 01101010 00011110 01011001 00111101
       </code> in the standard transmission order (least significant bit first). But for Token Ring networks, it would be transmitted as bits <code>
        00010010 00110100 01010110 01111000 10011010 10111100
       </code> in most-significant-bit first order. The latter might be incorrectly displayed as <code>
        48-2C-6A-1E-59-3D
       </code> . This is referred to as <em> bit-reversed order </em> , <em> non-canonical form </em> , <em> MSB format </em> , <em> IBM format </em> , or <em> Token Ring format </em> , as explained in <a href=http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2469> RFC 2469 </a> . Canonical form is generally preferred, and used by all modern implementations.<p>When the first switches supporting both Token Ring and Ethernet came out, some did not distinguish between canonical form and non-canonical form and so did not reverse MAC address bits as required. This led to cases of duplicate MAC addresses in the field.<h2>See also</h2><ul><li><a title="Organizationally Unique Identifier"href=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organizationally_Unique_Identifier rel=nofollow> Organizationally Unique Identifier </a><li><a href=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPv6 rel=nofollow title=IPv6> Internet Protocol version 6 </a><li><a title="Hot Standby Router Protocol"href=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_Standby_Router_Protocol rel=nofollow> Hot Standby Router Protocol </a> or standard alternative VRRP <a title="Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol"href=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_Router_Redundancy_Protocol rel=nofollow> Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol </a> , which allows multiple routers to share one <a title="IP address"href=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP_address rel=nofollow> IP address </a> and MAC address to provide router redundancy. The <a href=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenBSD rel=nofollow title=OpenBSD> OpenBSD </a> project has an open source alternative, the Common Address Redundancy Protocol ( <a title="Common Address Redundancy Protocol"href=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Address_Redundancy_Protocol rel=nofollow> CARP </a> ). On <a href=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux rel=nofollow title=Linux> Linux </a> , <a href=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iptables rel=nofollow title=Iptables> iptables </a> has a CLUSTERIP target.<li><a title="NSAP address"href=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NSAP_address rel=nofollow> NSAP address </a> , another endpoint addressing scheme.<li><a title="Sleep Proxy Service"href=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleep_Proxy_Service rel=nofollow> Sleep Proxy Service </a> , which may 'take over' another device's MAC address during certain periods</ul><h2>References</h2><ol><li><a href=http://standards.ieee.org/getieee802/download/802-2001.pdf> <em> IEEE Std 802-2001 </em> </a> . The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE). 2002-02-07. p. 19. "The universal administration of LAN MAC addresses began with the Xerox Corporation administering Block Identifiers (Block IDs) for Ethernet addresses."<li><a href=http://standards.ieee.org/develop/regauth/tut/eui.pdf> "Guidelines for use of the 24-bit Organizationally Unique Identifiers (OUI)" </a> . IEEE-SA.<li><a href=http://standards.ieee.org/develop/regauth/tut/macgrp.pdf> "Standard Group MAC Addresses: A Tutorial Guide" </a> . IEEE-SA.<li><a href=http://standards.ieee.org/develop/regauth/tut/fibre.pdf> "Guidelines for Fibre Channel Use of the Organizationally Unique Identifier (OUI)" </a> . IEEE-SA.<li><a href=https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAC_Table> https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAC_Table </a><li><a href=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_interface_controller rel=nofollow> "Network Interface Controller" </a> . Wikipedia.<li><a href=http://standards.ieee.org/develop/regauth/tut/eui64.pdf> "Guidelines for 64-bit Global Identifier (EUI-64)" </a> . IEEE-SA.<li><a href=http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5342> RFC 5342 </a> "IANA Considerations and IETF Protocol Usage for IEEE 802 Parameters". IETF. September 2008.<li>IEEE-RA. <a href=http://standards.ieee.org/faqs/OUI.html#9> "What is an Individual Address Block?" </a> .<li><a href=http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/net_mgmt/cisco_secure_access_control_server_for_windows/4.2/configuration/guide/noagent.html#wp1017547 rel=nofollow> Configure MAB on Cisco </a></ol><h2>External links</h2><ul><li><a href=http://standards.ieee.org/regauth/oui/oui.txt> http://standards.ieee.org/regauth/oui/oui.txt </a><li><a href=http://www.cavebear.com/archive/cavebear/Ethernet/vendor.html rel=nofollow> http://www.cavebear.com/archive/cavebear/Ethernet/vendor.html </a><li><a href=http://anonsvn.wireshark.org/wireshark/trunk/manuf rel=nofollow> http://anonsvn.wireshark.org/wireshark/trunk/manuf </a><li><a href=http://standards.ieee.org/develop/regauth/tut/index.html> IEEE Registration Authority Tutorials </a><li><a href=http://standards.ieee.org/develop/regauth/oui/public.html> IEEE Public OUI and Company_id Assignment lookup </a><li><a href=http://standards.ieee.org/develop/regauth/iab/iab.txt> IEEE Public IAB list </a><li><a href=http://standards.ieee.org/develop/regauth/oui/oui.txt> IEEE Public OUI list </a><li><a href=http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5342> IANA Considerations and IETF Protocol Usage for IEEE 802 Parameters </a><li><a href=http://www.iana.org/assignments/ethernet-numbers> IANA list of Ethernet Numbers </a><li><a href=https://wireshark.askapache.com/ title=Wireshark> Wireshark </a> 's <a href=https://wireshark.askapache.com/tools/oui-lookup.html> OUI Lookup Tool </a> and <a href=http://anonsvn.wireshark.org/wireshark/trunk/manuf rel=nofollow> MAC address list </a></ul><hr class=HR0><aside class="GAD ga-sr"><ins class=adsbygoogle data-ad-client=ca-pub-4356884677303281 data-ad-format=auto data-ad-slot=9955835567 data-full-width-responsive=true> </ins><script>(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});</script></aside><section id=comments><aside class="GAD ga-bc"><ins class=adsbygoogle data-ad-client=ca-pub-4356884677303281 data-ad-slot=7145945564 data-full-width-responsive=true> </ins><script>(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});</script></aside><p> <p><p> <h2><a title="Comments on MAC Address Lookup Tool"id=addcomment itemprop=discussionUrl rel=bookmark> </a> Comments</h2><p> <p><p> <div id=disqus_thread></div><script>var disqus_identifier='3628 https://www.askapache.com/?page_id=3628',disqus_title="Mac Address Lookup",disqus_url='https://www.askapache.com/online-tools/mac-lookup/';</script></section></main><aside class=S id=SW><aside class="GAD ga-swr"><ins class=adsbygoogle data-ad-client=ca-pub-4356884677303281 data-ad-format=auto data-ad-slot=5782987961 data-full-width-responsive=true> </ins><script>(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});</script></aside><blockquote title="Power to the People"><p>Information is freedom. 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