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   Supersessionism - Academic Kids
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/*]]>*/</style><body class=ns-0><div id=globalWrapper><div align=left id=header-logo><table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 width=100%><tbody><tr bgcolor=#02F5FB><td><a title="Back to main page"bgcolor=#02F5FB href=index.php> <img src=http://www.academickids.com/encyclopedia/encyclopedia.jpg> </a></table><table border=0 cellpadding=10 cellspacing=0 width=100%><tbody><tr align=center><td><script async src=https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js></script>  <ins class=adsbygoogle data-ad-client=ca-pub-6046499734384137 data-ad-format=auto data-ad-slot=3599769782 data-full-width-responsive=true style=display:block> </ins> <script>(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});</script> <br></table></div><div class=spacer150px></div><div class=portlet id=p-reklam><h5></h5><script async src=https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js></script><ins class=adsbygoogle data-ad-client=ca-pub-6046499734384137 data-ad-format=auto data-ad-slot=2550412007 data-full-width-responsive=true style=display:block> </ins><script>(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});</script><br><script async src=https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js></script><ins class=adsbygoogle data-ad-client=ca-pub-6046499734384137 data-ad-format=auto data-ad-slot=2550412007 data-full-width-responsive=true style=display:block> </ins><script>(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});</script></div><div id=column-content><div id=content><a id=contentTop name=top> </a><h1 class=firstHeading>Supersessionism</h1><div id=bodyContent><h3 id=siteSub>From Academic Kids</h3><table align=right border=0 cellpadding=5 cellspacing=5 width=2%><tbody><tr><td align=left valign=bottom><div style="margin-top: 1px"></div></table><div id=contentSub></div><p><b> Supersessionism </b> is the traditional Christian belief that Christianity is the fulfillment of Biblical Judaism, and therefore that Jews who deny that <a class=new href=/encyclopedia/index.php?title=Jesus&action=edit title=Jesus> Jesus </a> is the <a href=/encyclopedia/index.php/Messiah title=Messiah> Messiah </a> fall short of their calling as <a href=/encyclopedia/index.php/God title=God> God's </a> <a title="Chosen people"href=/encyclopedia/index.php/Chosen_people> Chosen people </a> .<p>Thus, according to supersessionism, the <a href=/encyclopedia/index.php/Jew title=Jew> Jews </a> are either no longer considered to be God's <a title="Chosen people"href=/encyclopedia/index.php/Chosen_people> Chosen people </a> , or their proper calling is frustrated pending their acceptance of Jesus as the promised Messiah.<p>Critics of a complete replacement theory, the first alternative just mentioned, might reason that the "chosenness" of the gentile believers in the Messiah is an engrafting into the promises made to Israel. If the Jews can be rejected, then the chosenness of the Church is also reversible (were the Church to reject God), since its basis is in the former. However, if the election of the Christian Church is not reversible, then neither is the election of Israel, which is its basis.<p>The traditional form of supersessionism does not theorize a replacement; instead it argues that Israel has been superseded only in the sense that the Church has been entrusted with the fulfillment of the promises of which Jewish Israel is the trustee. All Western Christian sects and <a title="Religious denomination"href=/encyclopedia/index.php/Religious_denomination> denominations </a> have held some version of this belief, which has served not only as the explanation for why believers in Christ should not become Jews, but is also the rationale for attempting the conversion of Jews to Christianity. However, since <a title="The Enlightenment"href=/encyclopedia/index.php/The_Enlightenment> The Enlightenment </a> , a growing minority of Christians have questioned this doctrine.<p>In the 20th century certain hierarchs of the <a title="Roman Catholic Church"href=/encyclopedia/index.php/Roman_Catholic_Church> Roman Catholic Church </a> issued a number of theological position papers which appear to reject this concept outright, and affirm that the <a href=/encyclopedia/index.php/Torah title=Torah> Torah </a> is a valid path for <a href=/encyclopedia/index.php/Jew title=Jew> Jews </a> to achieve salvation, that their covenant with <a href=/encyclopedia/index.php/God title=God> God </a> is still valid, and that the Jews of modern times are a direct unbroken continuation of the ancient <a title="Children of Israel"href=/encyclopedia/index.php/Children_of_Israel> Children of Israel </a> . This view is not accepted by all Catholic theologians, and it is rejected outright by <a title="Traditional Catholics"href=/encyclopedia/index.php/Traditional_Catholics> traditional Catholics </a> though it has been reaffirmed several times by various Catholic hierarchs. The Catholic Church still proclaims <i> <a title="Extra Ecclesiam Nulla Salus"href=/encyclopedia/index.php/Extra_Ecclesiam_Nulla_Salus> Extra Ecclesiam Nulla Salus </a> </i> , and recently affirmed the necessity of <a class=new href=/encyclopedia/index.php?title=Jesus&action=edit title=Jesus> Jesus </a> for salvation in the declaration <i> <a title="Dominus Jesus"class=new href=/encyclopedia/index.php?title=Dominus_Jesus&action=edit> Dominus Jesus </a> </i> . However, although salvation comes from the Church, the current teaching of some hierarchs is that persons outside the Church, and particularly the Jews, can receive salvation through the <i> semina verbi </i> contained in their religious traditions.<p>Several liberal <a href=/encyclopedia/index.php/Protestant title=Protestant> Protestant </a> <a class=new href=/encyclopedia/index.php?title=Christian&action=edit title=Christian> Christian </a> groups have formally renounced supersessionism, and affirm that Jews, and perhaps other non-Christians, have a valid way to find God within their own faith. In addition, many fundamentalist Christian groups, including conservative <a href=/encyclopedia/index.php/Evangelical title=Evangelical> Evangelical </a> Protestants and <a href=/encyclopedia/index.php/Anabaptist title=Anabaptist> Anabaptists </a> , have renounced replacement theology, though these groups still hold that faith in Jesus Christ is the only way to God (citing usually <a title="Gospel of John"href=/encyclopedia/index.php/Gospel_of_John> John </a> 14:6). Other conservative and <a title="Christian fundamentalism"href=/encyclopedia/index.php/Christian_fundamentalism> fundamentalist Christian </a> groups hold supersessionism to be valid and replacement theories are sometimes held, however, and the debate continues.<p>Conservative Christian groups that reject supersessionism are usually <a href=/encyclopedia/index.php/Dispensationalism title=Dispensationalism> dispensationalists </a> and hold that at a future time God will return his focus to the Jewish nation, citing the book of <a title="Epistle to the Romans"href=/encyclopedia/index.php/Epistle_to_the_Romans> Romans </a> chapter 11.<p><br><table border=0 id=toc><tbody><tr id=toctitle><td align=center><b> Contents </b> <script>showTocToggle("show","hide")</script><tr id=tocinside><td><div class=tocline><a href=#Supersessionism_and_Covenant_Theology> 1 Supersessionism and Covenant Theology </a><br></div> <div class=tocline><a href=#Relevant_New_Testament_passages> 2 Relevant New Testament passages </a><br></div> <div class=tocline><a href=#See_also> 3 See also </a><br></div> <div class=tocline><a href=#External_links> 4 External links </a><br></div></table><a name=Supersessionism_and_Covenant_Theology> </a><h2>Supersessionism and Covenant Theology</h2><p><a title="Covenant theology"class=new href=/encyclopedia/index.php?title=Covenant_theology&action=edit> Covenant theology </a> , a dominant theological schema within historical <a href=/encyclopedia/index.php/Calvinism title=Calvinism> Calvinism </a> , has as one of its core teachings the idea that the Old Testament nation of Israel is ultimately representative of the historical Christian church. The idea is that God's original purpose was to create for himself one covenant people, which was to be found in the visible people of Israel in the years before Christ, and to be found in the visible church in the years after Christ. Because of Christ's central role in keeping God's side of the Covenant, most Calvinists would argue that the Jewish race is no longer considered the "people of God" since they do not accept Jesus as the Messiah. So while the Jews are still considered "blessed" (because they have the Old Testament) they are, in the end, no different to unbelieving Gentiles in their position before God.<p>Not all Calvinists embrace Covenant theology, most notably those who hold to <a href=/encyclopedia/index.php/Dispensationalism title=Dispensationalism> Dispensationalism </a> .</p><a name=Relevant_New_Testament_passages> </a><h2>Relevant New Testament passages</h2><ul><li><b> Romans 2:28-29 </b> <i> For no one is a Jew who is merely one outwardly, nor is circumcision outward and physical. But a Jew is one inwardly, and circumcision is a matter of the heart, by the Spirit, not by the letter. His praise is not from man but from God. </i><li><b> Romans 9:6-8 </b> <i> But it is not as though the word of God has failed. For not all who are descended from Israel belong to Israel, and not all are children of Abraham because they are his offspring, but "Through Isaac shall your offspring be named." This means that it is not the children of the flesh who are the children of God, but the children of the promise are counted as offspring. </i><li><b> Galatians 3:29 </b> <i> And if you are Christ's, then you are Abraham's offspring, heirs according to the promise </i> .<li><b> Revelation 3:9 </b> <i> Behold, I will make those of the synagogue of Satan who say they are Jews and are not, but lie - behold, I will make them come and bow down at your feet and they will learn that I have loved you. </i></ul><a name=See_also> </a><h2>See also</h2><ul><li><a class=new href=/encyclopedia/index.php?title=Anglo-Israelism&action=edit title=Anglo-Israelism> Anglo-Israelism </a><li><a href=/encyclopedia/index.php/Anti-Semitism title=Anti-Semitism> Anti-Semitism </a><li><a href=/encyclopedia/index.php/Christianity title=Christianity> Christianity </a><li><a title="Christianity and anti-Semitism"href=/encyclopedia/index.php/Christianity_and_anti-Semitism> Christianity and anti-Semitism </a><li><a title="Christianity and Jewish prophecy"href=/encyclopedia/index.php/Christianity_and_Jewish_prophecy> Christianity and Jewish prophecy </a><li><a title="Christian Zionism"href=/encyclopedia/index.php/Christian_Zionism> Christian Zionism </a><li><a title="Comparing and contrasting Judaism and Christianity"href=/encyclopedia/index.php/Comparing_and_contrasting_Judaism_and_Christianity> Comparing and contrasting Judaism and Christianity </a><li><a href=/encyclopedia/index.php/Judeo-Christian title=Judeo-Christian> Judeo-Christian </a><li><a title="Jewish Christians"href=/encyclopedia/index.php/Jewish_Christians> Jewish Christians </a><li><a href=/encyclopedia/index.php/Judaism title=Judaism> Judaism </a><li><a title="Lost Ten Tribes"href=/encyclopedia/index.php/Lost_Ten_Tribes> Lost Ten Tribes </a><li><a title="Messianic Judaism"href=/encyclopedia/index.php/Messianic_Judaism> Messianic Judaism </a><li><a title="Mormonism and Judaism"href=/encyclopedia/index.php/Mormonism_and_Judaism> Mormonism and Judaism </a><li><a title="Roger Rusk"href=/encyclopedia/index.php/Roger_Rusk> Roger Rusk </a><li><a href=/encyclopedia/index.php/Talmidaism title=Talmidaism> Talmidaism </a><li><a title="Unification Church and anti-Semitism"href=/encyclopedia/index.php/Unification_Church_and_anti-Semitism> Unification Church and anti-Semitism </a></ul><a name=External_links> </a><h2>External links</h2><ul><li><a class=external href=http://www.jcrelations.net/frmain.htm rel=nofollow title=http://www.jcrelations.net/frmain.htm> The Jewish Christian Relations center for religious dialogue </a> <span class=urlexpansion>  ( <i> http://www.jcrelations.net/frmain.htm </i> ) </span><li><a class=external href=http://www.icjs.org/home.html rel=nofollow title=http://www.icjs.org/home.html> The Institute for Christian and Jewish Studies </a> <span class=urlexpansion>  ( <i> http://www.icjs.org/home.html </i> ) </span></ul><div class=printfooter>Retrieved from " <a 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