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Learn more about who she is and the work she does. <a class=detail_link href=https://climate.nasa.gov/nasa_science/people/?page=0&per_page=40&order=first_name+asc&search=&external_api_url=https%3A%2F%2Fsolarsystem.nasa.gov%2Fapi%2Fv1%2Fpeople%2F&external_asset_url=https%3A%2F%2Fsolarsystem.nasa.gov%2F&category=214&spa=true&custom_scroll=true#495> Read more › </a></div><footer><a class=button href=https://climate.nasa.gov/nasa_science/people/?page=0&per_page=40&order=first_name+asc&search=&external_api_url=https%3A%2F%2Fsolarsystem.nasa.gov%2Fapi%2Fv1%2Fpeople%2F&external_asset_url=https%3A%2F%2Fsolarsystem.nasa.gov%2F&category=214&spa=true&custom_scroll=true#495> read more </a></footer></div><div class=gradient_container_bottom></div></article><article class="dark_background ms-slide slide-4"data-delay=8 data-fill-mode=fill><div class=gradient_container_top></div><img alt="slide 4 - Major Ocean-Observing Satellite Starts Providing Science Data"data-desktop=/system/feature_items/images/1005_3091_main_image.jpeg data-mobile><div class="bottom_left floating_text_area ms-layer"data-duration=300 data-ease=easeOutQuart data-effect=right(90) data-resize=false data-type=text><h2 class=category_title>news</h2><h2 class=brand_title></h2><h1 class=media_feature_title><a href=https://climate.nasa.gov/news/3091/major-ocean-observing-satellite-starts-providing-science-data/> Major Ocean-Observing Satellite Starts Providing Science Data </a> <span class=arrow> </span></h1><div class=description>Sentinel-6 Michael Freilich, the latest spacecraft to monitor sea surface height, releases its first science measurements to users. <a class=detail_link href=https://climate.nasa.gov/news/3091/major-ocean-observing-satellite-starts-providing-science-data/> Full story › </a></div><footer><a class=button href=https://climate.nasa.gov/news/3091/major-ocean-observing-satellite-starts-providing-science-data/> full story </a></footer></div><div class=gradient_container_bottom></div></article><article class="dark_background ms-slide slide-5"data-delay=8 data-fill-mode=fill><div class=gradient_container_top></div><img alt="slide 5 - Study Identifies Methane ‘Super-Emitters' in Largest US Oilfield"data-desktop=/system/feature_items/images/1001_1-Permian-methane-Von-Pless-gas-flaring-photo.width-1600x900.jpg data-mobile><div class="bottom_left floating_text_area ms-layer"data-duration=300 data-ease=easeOutQuart data-effect=right(90) data-resize=false data-type=text><h2 class=category_title>news</h2><h2 class=brand_title></h2><h1 class=media_feature_title><a href=https://climate.nasa.gov/news/3087/study-identifies-methane-super-emitters-in-largest-us-oilfield/> Study Identifies Methane ‘Super-Emitters' in Largest US Oilfield </a> <span class=arrow> </span></h1><div class=description>Fixing just the worst leaks in the Permian Basin oilfield’s infrastructure could cut methane emissions by 55 tons an hour, according to a study by NASA, University of Arizona, and ASU. <a class=detail_link href=https://climate.nasa.gov/news/3087/study-identifies-methane-super-emitters-in-largest-us-oilfield/> Full story › </a></div><footer><a class=button href=https://climate.nasa.gov/news/3087/study-identifies-methane-super-emitters-in-largest-us-oilfield/> full story </a></footer></div><div class=gradient_container_bottom></div></article></div></section></section><section class=vital_signs_menu><ul><li class=slide data-overlay-page=/vsoverlay-carbon-dioxide id=vsoverlay-carbon-dioxide><a class=image_and_description_container> <div class=parallelogram></div> <div class=readout><div class=title>Carbon Dioxide</div><div class=rate_of_change><div class="up value"><svg viewbox="0 0 641.3 742"height=100% id=Layer_1 space=preserve version=1.1 x=0px xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink y=0px><line stroke-miterlimit=10 stroke-width=44 x1=321 x2=321 y1=0 y2=698></line><line stroke-miterlimit=10 stroke-width=44 x1=308 x2=627 y1=725 y2=450></line><line stroke-miterlimit=10 stroke-width=44 x1=334 x2=15 y1=727 y2=452></line></svg></div><div class=change_number>416</div><div class=units>parts per million</div></div><div class=rollover_vital_signs><div class=title>Carbon Dioxide</div><div class=vital_signs_description>Carbon dioxide levels in the air are at their highest in 650,000 years</div></div></div> </a><li class=slide data-overlay-page=/vsoverlay-global-temperature id=vsoverlay-global-temperature><a class=image_and_description_container> <div class=parallelogram></div> <div class=readout><div class=title>Global Temperature</div><div class=rate_of_change><div class="up value"><svg viewbox="0 0 641.3 742"height=100% id=Layer_1 space=preserve version=1.1 x=0px xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink y=0px><line stroke-miterlimit=10 stroke-width=44 x1=321 x2=321 y1=0 y2=698></line><line stroke-miterlimit=10 stroke-width=44 x1=308 x2=627 y1=725 y2=450></line><line stroke-miterlimit=10 stroke-width=44 x1=334 x2=15 y1=727 y2=452></line></svg></div><div class=change_number>2.1</div><div class=units>°F since 1880</div></div><div class=rollover_vital_signs><div class=title>Global Temperature</div><div class=vital_signs_description>Nineteen of the warmest years have occurred since 2000</div></div></div> </a><li class=slide data-overlay-page=/vsoverlay-arctic-sea-ice id=vsoverlay-arctic-sea-ice><a class=image_and_description_container> <div class=parallelogram></div> <div class=readout><div class=title>Arctic Ice Minimum</div><div class=rate_of_change><div class="down value"><svg viewbox="0 0 641.3 742"height=100% id=Layer_1 space=preserve version=1.1 x=0px xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink y=0px><line stroke-miterlimit=10 stroke-width=44 x1=321 x2=321 y1=0 y2=698></line><line stroke-miterlimit=10 stroke-width=44 x1=308 x2=627 y1=725 y2=450></line><line stroke-miterlimit=10 stroke-width=44 x1=334 x2=15 y1=727 y2=452></line></svg></div><div class=change_number>13.1</div><div class=units>percent per decade</div></div><div class=rollover_vital_signs><div class=title>Arctic Ice Minimum</div><div class=vital_signs_description>In 2012, Arctic summer sea ice shrank to the lowest extent on record</div></div></div> </a><li class=slide data-overlay-page=/vsoverlay-land-ice id=vsoverlay-land-ice><a class=image_and_description_container> <div class=parallelogram></div> <div class=readout><div class=title>Ice Sheets</div><div class=rate_of_change><div class="down value"><svg viewbox="0 0 641.3 742"height=100% id=Layer_1 space=preserve version=1.1 x=0px xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink y=0px><line stroke-miterlimit=10 stroke-width=44 x1=321 x2=321 y1=0 y2=698></line><line stroke-miterlimit=10 stroke-width=44 x1=308 x2=627 y1=725 y2=450></line><line stroke-miterlimit=10 stroke-width=44 x1=334 x2=15 y1=727 y2=452></line></svg></div><div class=change_number>428</div><div class=units>billion metric tons per year</div></div><div class=rollover_vital_signs><div class=title>Ice Sheets</div><div class=vital_signs_description>Satellite data show that Earth's polar ice sheets are losing mass</div></div></div> </a><li class=slide data-overlay-page=/vsoverlay-sea-level id=vsoverlay-sea-level><a class=image_and_description_container> <div class=parallelogram></div> <div class=readout><div class=title>Sea Level</div><div class=rate_of_change><div class="up value"><svg viewbox="0 0 641.3 742"height=100% id=Layer_1 space=preserve version=1.1 x=0px xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink y=0px><line stroke-miterlimit=10 stroke-width=44 x1=321 x2=321 y1=0 y2=698></line><line stroke-miterlimit=10 stroke-width=44 x1=308 x2=627 y1=725 y2=450></line><line stroke-miterlimit=10 stroke-width=44 x1=334 x2=15 y1=727 y2=452></line></svg></div><div class=change_number>3.4</div><div class=units>millimeters per year</div></div><div class=rollover_vital_signs><div class=title>Sea Level</div><div class=vital_signs_description>Global average sea level has risen nearly 7" (178 mm) over the past 100 years</div></div></div> </a><li class=slide data-overlay-page=/vsoverlay-ocean-heat id=vsoverlay-ocean-heat><a class=image_and_description_container> <div class=parallelogram></div> <div class=readout><div class=title>Ocean Heat Added</div><div class=rate_of_change><div class="up value"><svg viewbox="0 0 641.3 742"height=100% id=Layer_1 space=preserve version=1.1 x=0px xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink y=0px><line stroke-miterlimit=10 stroke-width=44 x1=321 x2=321 y1=0 y2=698></line><line stroke-miterlimit=10 stroke-width=44 x1=308 x2=627 y1=725 y2=450></line><line stroke-miterlimit=10 stroke-width=44 x1=334 x2=15 y1=727 y2=452></line></svg></div><div class=change_number>326</div><div class=units>zettajoules <br> since 1955</div></div><div class=rollover_vital_signs><div class=title>Ocean Heat Added</div><div class=vital_signs_description>The past 20 years have seen the warmest ocean temperatures on record.</div></div></div> </a></ul><div class=slick-navigation></div></section><script src=/assets/public/intro_screen-63156ddf2554b28e28512b6c7a641df74182f365a0b1f8de0191b50be1cf97c7.js></script><script src=/assets/public/vital_signs-284819dfada33a84d512d0e9c726baa5bfa57bdf2e64b6f700e6504a8d355e7c.js></script><section class="news_teaser module"><div class="grid_layout page_carousel"><header><h2 class=module_title>News and Features</h2></header><section><script>$(document).ready(function(){
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  });</script><div class=features><div class=slide><div class=image_and_description_container><a href=https://climate.nasa.gov/news/3095/nasas-airs-tracks-record-breaking-heat-wave-in-pacific-northwest/> <div class=rollover_description><div class=rollover_description_inner>The science instrument mapped the dome of high pressure that settled over the northwestern U.S. and western Canada in late June, sending temperatures into the triple digits.</div><div class=overlay_arrow><img alt=More src=/assets/overlay-arrow.png></div></div> <img alt="NASA's AIRS Tracks Record-Breaking Heat Wave in Pacific Northwest "class=img-lazy data-lazy=/system/feature_items/images/1010_Screen_Shot_2021-07-08_at_1.55.14_PM.png src=/assets/loading_320x240.png> </a></div><a href=https://climate.nasa.gov/news/3095/nasas-airs-tracks-record-breaking-heat-wave-in-pacific-northwest/> <div class=content_title>NASA's AIRS Tracks Record-Breaking Heat Wave in Pacific Northwest</div> </a></div><div class=slide><div class=image_and_description_container><a href=https://climate.nasa.gov/news/3092/assembly-of-satellite-to-track-worlds-water-shifts-from-us-to-france/> <div class=rollover_description><div class=rollover_description_inner>Set for launch next year, the Surface Water and Ocean Topography mission will help scientists monitor Earth’s ocean, as well as the amount of fresh water in its lakes and rivers.</div><div class=overlay_arrow><img alt=More src=/assets/overlay-arrow.png></div></div> <img alt="Assembly of Satellite to Track World's Water Shifts From US to France"class=img-lazy data-lazy=/system/feature_items/images/1008_pia24534-1-1041.jpeg src=/assets/loading_320x240.png> </a></div><a href=https://climate.nasa.gov/news/3092/assembly-of-satellite-to-track-worlds-water-shifts-from-us-to-france/> <div class=content_title>Assembly of Satellite to Track World's Water Shifts From US to France</div> </a></div><div class=slide><div class=image_and_description_container><a href=https://climate.nasa.gov/news/3090/machine-learning-model-doubles-accuracy-of-global-landslide-nowcasts/> <div class=rollover_description><div class=rollover_description_inner>The upgraded interactive mapping tool can show you potential landslide activity anywhere between the poles in near-real-time.</div><div class=overlay_arrow><img alt=More src=/assets/overlay-arrow.png></div></div> <img alt="Machine Learning Model Doubles Accuracy of Global Landslide ‘Nowcasts'"class=img-lazy data-lazy=/system/feature_items/images/1004_1-main_nowcasting_map_%281%29.png src=/assets/loading_320x240.png> </a></div><a href=https://climate.nasa.gov/news/3090/machine-learning-model-doubles-accuracy-of-global-landslide-nowcasts/> <div class=content_title>Machine Learning Model Doubles Accuracy of Global Landslide ‘Nowcasts'</div> </a></div><div class=slide><div class=image_and_description_container><a href=https://climate.nasa.gov/news/3089/local-lockdowns-brought-fast-global-ozone-reductions-nasa-finds/> <div class=rollover_description><div class=rollover_description_inner>When lockdowns during the coronavirus pandemic cut local nitrogen oxide emissions, the effect on ozone pollution was global and unexpectedly rapid.</div><div class=overlay_arrow><img alt=More src=/assets/overlay-arrow.png></div></div> <img alt="Local Lockdowns Brought Fast Global Ozone Reductions, NASA Finds"class=img-lazy data-lazy=/system/feature_items/images/1003_3089_1-denver_skyline_from_video_320x240.jpg src=/assets/loading_320x240.png> </a></div><a href=https://climate.nasa.gov/news/3089/local-lockdowns-brought-fast-global-ozone-reductions-nasa-finds/> <div class=content_title>Local Lockdowns Brought Fast Global Ozone Reductions, NASA Finds</div> </a></div><div class=slide><div class=image_and_description_container><a href=https://climate.nasa.gov/news/3088/nasa-map-gives-most-accurate-space-based-view-of-las-carbon-dioxide/> <div class=rollover_description><div class=rollover_description_inner>Such detailed maps could help policymakers choose the most effective ways of cutting carbon emissions.</div><div class=overlay_arrow><img alt=More src=/assets/overlay-arrow.png></div></div> <img alt="NASA Map Gives Most Accurate Space-Based View of LA's Carbon Dioxide"class=img-lazy data-lazy=/system/feature_items/images/1002_Screen_Shot_2021-06-07_at_9.18.10_AM.png src=/assets/loading_320x240.png> </a></div><a href=https://climate.nasa.gov/news/3088/nasa-map-gives-most-accurate-space-based-view-of-las-carbon-dioxide/> <div class=content_title>NASA Map Gives Most Accurate Space-Based View of LA's Carbon Dioxide</div> </a></div><div class=slide><div class=image_and_description_container><a href=https://climate.nasa.gov/news/3083/international-cooperation-award-for-nasa-jpls-michael-watkins-michael-gross/> <div class=rollover_description><div class=rollover_description_inner>The American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA) is honoring Jet Propulsion Laboratory Director Watkins and Autonomous Systems Manager Gross, plus two European partners, for work on the GRACE missions.</div><div class=overlay_arrow><img alt=More src=/assets/overlay-arrow.png></div></div> <img alt="International Cooperation Award for NASA JPL's Michael Watkins, Michael Gross"class=img-lazy data-lazy=/system/feature_items/images/993_pia22431.jpeg src=/assets/loading_320x240.png> </a></div><a href=https://climate.nasa.gov/news/3083/international-cooperation-award-for-nasa-jpls-michael-watkins-michael-gross/> <div class=content_title>International Cooperation Award for NASA JPL's Michael Watkins, Michael Gross</div> </a></div><div class=slide><div class=image_and_description_container><a href=https://climate.nasa.gov/news/3081/in-a-first-scientists-map-particle-laden-rivers-in-the-sky/> <div class=rollover_description><div class=rollover_description_inner>Windy regions high in the atmosphere can transport pollutants like dust or soot thousands of miles around the world and disrupt everyday life for thousands of people.</div><div class=overlay_arrow><img alt=More src=/assets/overlay-arrow.png></div></div> <img alt="In a First, Scientists Map Particle-Laden Rivers in the Sky"class=img-lazy data-lazy=/system/feature_items/images/992_npp_saharan_dust_july6-12_2018-1041_320x240.jpg src=/assets/loading_320x240.png> </a></div><a href=https://climate.nasa.gov/news/3081/in-a-first-scientists-map-particle-laden-rivers-in-the-sky/> <div class=content_title>In a First, Scientists Map Particle-Laden Rivers in the Sky</div> </a></div><div class=slide><div class=image_and_description_container><a href=https://climate.nasa.gov/news/3078/how-scientists-are-using-the-international-space-station-to-study-earths-climate/> <div class=rollover_description><div class=rollover_description_inner>As Earth's climate changes, the International Space Station watches from above, helping to provide unique insights to keep our planet safe.</div><div class=overlay_arrow><img alt=More src=/assets/overlay-arrow.png></div></div> <img alt="How Scientists Are Using the International Space Station to Study Earth's Climate"class=img-lazy data-lazy=/system/feature_items/images/988_3078_list_image.jpeg src=/assets/loading_320x240.png> </a></div><a href=https://climate.nasa.gov/news/3078/how-scientists-are-using-the-international-space-station-to-study-earths-climate/> <div class=content_title>How Scientists Are Using the International Space Station to Study Earth's Climate</div> </a></div><div class=slide><div class=image_and_description_container><a href=https://climate.nasa.gov/news/3077/earth-day-connections-nasa-investigates-vegetation/> <div class=rollover_description><div class=rollover_description_inner>From the vantage point of space, NASA’s fleet of Earth-observing satellites investigates connections between ecosystems that are continents apart, or right next door.</div><div class=overlay_arrow><img alt=More src=/assets/overlay-arrow.png></div></div> <img alt="Earth Day Connections: NASA Investigates Vegetation"class=img-lazy data-lazy=/system/feature_items/images/987_vegchange-320x240.jpg src=/assets/loading_320x240.png> </a></div><a href=https://climate.nasa.gov/news/3077/earth-day-connections-nasa-investigates-vegetation/> <div class=content_title>Earth Day Connections: NASA Investigates Vegetation</div> </a></div><div class=slide><div class=image_and_description_container><a href=https://climate.nasa.gov/news/3074/nasa-built-instrument-will-help-spot-greenhouse-gas-super-emitters/> <div class=rollover_description><div class=rollover_description_inner>The tool will help people, including resource managers and other officials, address increasing concentrations of methane and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.</div><div class=overlay_arrow><img alt=More src=/assets/overlay-arrow.png></div></div> <img alt="NASA-Built Instrument Will Help Spot Greenhouse Gas Super-Emitters"class=img-lazy data-lazy=/system/feature_items/images/985_1-plumes041521-1041_320x240.jpg src=/assets/loading_320x240.png> </a></div><a href=https://climate.nasa.gov/news/3074/nasa-built-instrument-will-help-spot-greenhouse-gas-super-emitters/> <div class=content_title>NASA-Built Instrument Will Help Spot Greenhouse Gas Super-Emitters</div> </a></div><div class=slide><div class=image_and_description_container><a href=https://climate.nasa.gov/news/3073/after-covid-19-delay-delta-x-field-campaign-begins-in-louisiana/> <div class=rollover_description><div class=rollover_description_inner>Teams are headed out by land, water, and air to collect data that will be used to forecast land gain and loss in the Mississippi River Delta as a result of sea level rise.</div><div class=overlay_arrow><img alt=More 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