<!doctypehtml><html class="hasSidebar hasPageActions hasBreadcrumb conceptual has-default-focus theme-light"data-auth-status-determined=false data-authenticated=false data-css-variable-support=true data-target=docs dir=ltr lang=en-us x-ms-format-detection=none><meta charset=utf-8><meta content=width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0 name=viewport><meta content="Windows Update Agent API - Win32 apps"property=og:title><meta content=website property=og:type><meta content=https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/wua_sdk/portal-client property=og:url><meta content="The Windows Update Agent (WUA) API is a set of COM interfaces that enable system administrators and programmers to access Windows Update and Windows Server Update Services (WSUS)."property=og:description><meta content=https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/media/logos/logo-ms-social.png property=og:image><meta content="Microsoft Logo"property=og:image:alt><meta content=summary name=twitter:card><meta content=@docsmsft name=twitter:site><meta content="light dark"name=color-scheme><meta content=drewbatgit name=author><meta content=/windows/desktop/breadcrumb/toc.json name=breadcrumb_path><meta content=MSDN.win32 name=depot_name><meta content="The Windows Update Agent (WUA) API is a set of COM interfaces that enable system administrators and programmers to access Windows Update and Windows Server Update Services (WSUS)."name=description><meta content=a63011fa-b468-77e0-cb8d-2271cace22c0 name=document_id><meta content=039be895-f848-97a4-26b7-ab6291ef4b1f name=document_version_independent_id><meta content=https://github.com/MicrosoftDocs/win32-pr/blob/240cd653cee96543bc602386de3dbf2839920489/desktop-src/Wua_Sdk/portal-client.md name=gitcommit><meta content=en-us name=locale><meta content=611dc759-e0fc-472e-bdc2-fb952ba74999 name=ms.assetid><meta content=drewbat name=ms.author><meta content=05/31/2018 name=ms.date><meta content=desktop name=ms.prod><meta content=system-services name=ms.technology><meta content=article name=ms.topic><meta content=https://github.com/MicrosoftDocs/win32-pr/blob/live/desktop-src/Wua_Sdk/portal-client.md name=original_content_git_url><meta content=true name=recommendations><meta content=Conceptual name=schema><meta content=Docs name=site_name><meta content=MSDocsHeader-WinDevCenter name=uhfHeaderId><meta content="2021-01-07 08:41 PM"name=updated_at><meta content=conceptual name=page_type><meta content=toc.json name=toc_rel><meta content=https://docs.microsoft.com/pdfstore/en-us/MSDN.win32/{branchName}{pdfName} name=pdf_url_template><meta content=184 name=word_count><meta content="Windows, Desktop"name=scope><link href=https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/wua_sdk/portal-client rel=canonical><title>
   Windows Update Agent API - Win32 apps | Microsoft Docs
  </title><link href="/_themes/docs.theme/master/en-us/_themes/styles/46dad2a9.site-ltr.css "rel=stylesheet><script id=msdocs-script>var msDocs = {
		data: {
			timeOrigin: Date.now(),
			contentLocale: 'en-us',
			contentDir: 'ltr',
			userLocale: 'en-us',
			userDir: 'ltr',
			pageTemplate: 'Conceptual',
			brand: '',
			context: {

			},
			hasBinaryRating: true,
			hasGithubIssues: false,
			showFeedbackReport: false,
			enableTutorialFeedback: false,
			feedbackSystem: 'None',
			feedbackGitHubRepo: '',
			feedbackProductUrl: '',
			contentGitUrl: 'https://github.com/MicrosoftDocs/win32/blob/docs/desktop-src/Wua_Sdk/portal-client.md',
			extendBreadcrumb: false,
			isEditDisplayable: true,
			hideViewSource: false,
			hasPageActions: true,
			hasBookmark: true,
			hasShare: true,
			hasRecommendations: true,
			contributors: [
						{ name: "drewbatgit", url: "https://github.com/drewbatgit" },
						{ name: "v-kents", url: "https://github.com/v-kents" },
						{ name: "DCtheGeek", url: "https://github.com/DCtheGeek" },
						{ name: "msatranjr", url: "https://github.com/msatranjr" }
],
		},
		functions:{}
	};</script><script src=https://wcpstatic.microsoft.com/mscc/lib/v2/wcp-consent.js></script><script src=https://js.monitor.azure.com/scripts/c/ms.jsll-3.min.js></script><script src=/_themes/docs.theme/master/en-us/_themes/global/5cce29c0.deprecation.js></script><script src=/_themes/docs.theme/master/en-us/_themes/scripts/bb2ae21c.index-docs.js></script><body dir=ltr lang=en-us><div class="header-holder has-default-focus"><a class="skip-to-main-link has-outline-color-text visually-hidden-until-focused position-fixed has-inner-focus focus-visible top-0 left-0 right-0 padding-xs has-text-centered has-body-background"href=#main tabindex=1> Skip to main content </a><div hidden id=cookie-consent-holder></div><div style="background-color: white;
			color: black;
			padding: 16px;
			border-bottom: 1px solid grey;"hidden id=unsupported-browser><div style="max-width: 800px; margin: 0 auto;"><p style="font-size: 24px">This browser is no longer supported.<p style="font-size: 16px; margin-top: 16px;">Upgrade to Microsoft Edge to take advantage of the latest features, security updates, and technical support.<div style="margin-top: 12px;"><a href="https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/p/?LinkID=2092881 "style="background-color: #0078d4;
						border: 1px solid #0078d4;
						color: white;
						padding: 6px 12px;
						border-radius: 2px;
						display: inline-block;"> Download Microsoft Edge </a><a style="background-color: white;
							padding: 6px 12px;
							border: 1px solid #505050;
							color: #171717;
							border-radius: 2px;
							display: inline-block;"href=https://docs.microsoft.com/en-US/lifecycle/faq/internet-explorer-microsoft-edge> More info </a></div></div></div><div data-bi-name=header id=headerAreaHolder><header itemscope itemtype=http://schema.org/Organization role=banner><div class=nav-bar><div class=nav-bar-brand><a aria-label=Microsoft class=nav-bar-button href=https://www.microsoft.com itemprop=url> <div class="nav-bar-logo has-background-image theme-display is-light"aria-hidden=true itemprop=logo itemscope role=presentation></div> <div class="nav-bar-logo has-background-image theme-display is-dark is-high-contrast"aria-hidden=true itemprop=logo itemscope role=presentation></div> </a></div></div><div class="nav-bar border-top is-hidden-mobile"></div></header></div><div class="content-header uhf-container has-padding has-default-focus border-bottom-none"data-bi-name=content-header><nav class="breadcrumb-holder has-padding-none has-padding-left-medium-tablet has-padding-right-medium-tablet has-padding-left-none-uhf-tablet has-padding-left-none-uhf-tablet has-padding-none-desktop flex-grow-1"aria-label=Breadcrumb data-bi-name=breadcrumb itemscope itemtype=http://schema.org/BreadcrumbList role=navigation><ul class=breadcrumbs id=page-breadcrumbs></ul></nav><div class=content-header-controls><button class="contents-button button"aria-haspopup=true data-bi-name=contents-expand type=button><span class=icon> <span class="docon docon-menu"aria-hidden=true> </span> </span> <span class=contents-expand-title> Contents </span></button><button class="ap-collapse-behavior ap-expanded button"aria-controls=action-panel data-bi-name=ap-collapse type=button><span class=icon> <span class="docon docon-exit-mode"aria-hidden=true> </span> </span> <span> Exit focus mode </span></button></div><div class="has-padding-none-tablet padding-xs font-size-sm display-flex justify-content-space-between flex-grow-1 page-action-holder"><ul class="is-hidden-mobile action-list justify-content-flex-start has-flex-justify-content-end-tablet display-flex flex-wrap-wrap flex-grow-1 is-unstyled"><li hidden><a class="button button button-clear button-sm"title="Read in English"data-bi-name=language-toggle id=lang-link> <span class="icon docon docon-locale-globe"aria-hidden=true id=lang-link-icon> </span> <span class="is-visually-hidden-touch is-hidden-portrait"id=lang-link-text> </span> </a><li><button class="collection button button-clear button-sm has-inner-focus"title="Add to collection"data-bi-name=collection data-list-type=collection type=button><span aria-hidden=true class=icon> <span class="docon docon-circle-addition has-text-primary"> </span> </span> <span class="collection-status is-visually-hidden-touch is-hidden-portrait"> Save </span></button><li id=contenteditbtn><a class="button button-clear button-sm has-inner-focus"title="Edit This Document"data-bi-name=edit data-original_content_git_url=https://github.com/MicrosoftDocs/win32-pr/blob/live/desktop-src/Wua_Sdk/portal-client.md data-original_content_git_url_template={repo}/blob/{branch}/desktop-src/Wua_Sdk/portal-client.md data-pr_branch data-pr_repo href=https://github.com/MicrosoftDocs/win32/blob/docs/desktop-src/Wua_Sdk/portal-client.md> <span aria-hidden=true class=icon> <span class="docon docon-edit-outline"> </span> </span> <span class="is-visually-hidden-touch is-hidden-portrait"> Edit </span> </a><li><div class="sharing dropdown has-caret"><button class="dropdown-trigger button button-clear button-sm button-block justify-content-flex-start has-inner-focus"title="Share This Document"aria-controls=sharing-menu aria-expanded=false data-bi-name=share><span aria-hidden=true class=icon> <span class="docon docon-sharing"> </span> </span> <span class="is-visually-hidden-touch is-hidden-portrait"> Share </span></button><div class="dropdown-menu has-padding-small"id=sharing-menu><ul data-bi-name=share-links><li><a class="button button-clear button-sm button-block justify-content-flex-start has-inner-focus share-twitter"data-bi-name=twitter> <span class=icon> <span class="docon docon-brand-twitter has-text-primary"aria-hidden=true> </span> </span> <span> Twitter </span> </a><li><a class="button button-clear button-sm button-block justify-content-flex-start has-inner-focus share-linkedin"data-bi-name=linkedin> <span class=icon> <span class="docon docon-brand-linkedin has-text-primary"aria-hidden=true> </span> </span> <span> LinkedIn </span> </a><li><a class="button button-clear button-sm button-block justify-content-flex-start has-inner-focus share-facebook"data-bi-name=facebook> <span class=icon> <span class="docon docon-brand-facebook has-text-primary"aria-hidden=true> </span> </span> <span> Facebook </span> </a><li><a class="button button-clear button-sm button-block justify-content-flex-start has-inner-focus share-email"data-bi-name=email> <span class=icon> <span class="docon docon-mail-message-fill has-text-primary"aria-hidden=true> </span> </span> <span> Email </span> </a></ul></div></div></ul><button class="border contents-button button button-clear button-sm is-hidden-tablet has-inner-focus"aria-label=Contents data-bi-name=contents-expand type=button><span class=icon> <span class="docon docon-editor-list-bullet"aria-hidden=true> </span> </span> <span class=contents-expand-title> Table of contents </span></button><div class=is-invisible></div><div class="is-hidden-tablet level-item is-flexible level-right"><button aria-label="Page Actions"class="page-actions-button button button-clear button-sm is-hidden-tablet has-inner-focus border is-full-height has-margin-left-small"data-bi-name=pageactions type=button><span class=icon> <span class="docon docon-more-vertical"aria-hidden=true> </span> </span></button></div></div></div><div class="has-overflow-hidden has-default-focus"id=disclaimer-holder></div></div><div class="mainContainer uhf-container has-top-padding has-default-focus"data-bi-name=body><div class="columns has-large-gaps is-gapless-mobile"><div class="left-container is-hidden-mobile column is-one-third-tablet is-one-quarter-desktop"id=left-container><nav class="position-fixed display-flex flex-direction-column"aria-label=Primary id=affixed-left-container role=navigation></nav></div><section class="primary-holder column is-two-thirds-tablet is-three-quarters-desktop"><div class="columns is-gapless-mobile has-large-gaps"><div class="column is-full is-8-desktop"id=main-column><main class=content data-bi-name=content dir=ltr id=main lang=en-us role=main><h1 id=windows-update-agent-api>Windows Update Agent API</h1><ul class="metadata page-metadata"data-bi-name="page info"dir=ltr lang=en-us><li><time aria-label="Article review date"class=is-invisible data-article-date data-article-date-source=git datetime=2021-01-07T20:41:00Z> 01/07/2021 </time><li class=readingTime>2 minutes to read<li class=contributors-holder><ul class="facepile has-margin-left-none is-small"data-bi-name=contributors><li class=facepile-item><a aria-label="drewbatgitGithub profile"class=facepile-item-coin data-contributor-name=drewbatgit data-src=https://github.com/drewbatgit.png?size=32 href=https://github.com/drewbatgit title=drewbatgit> <img class="facepile-item-coin-image durable-image"onerror="this.className='facepile-item-coin-image durable-image has-error';"aria-hidden=true role=presentation src=https://github.com/drewbatgit.png?size=32> <span class="facepile-item-coin-text durable-image-fallback facepile-item-teal"aria-hidden=true> d </span> </a><li class=facepile-item><a aria-label="v-kentsGithub profile"class=facepile-item-coin data-contributor-name=v-kents data-src=https://github.com/v-kents.png?size=32 href=https://github.com/v-kents title=v-kents> <img class="facepile-item-coin-image durable-image"onerror="this.className='facepile-item-coin-image durable-image has-error';"aria-hidden=true role=presentation src=https://github.com/v-kents.png?size=32> <span class="facepile-item-coin-text durable-image-fallback facepile-item-red"aria-hidden=true> v </span> </a><li class=facepile-item><a aria-label="DCtheGeekGithub profile"class=facepile-item-coin data-contributor-name=DCtheGeek data-src=https://github.com/DCtheGeek.png?size=32 href=https://github.com/DCtheGeek title=DCtheGeek> <img class="facepile-item-coin-image durable-image"onerror="this.className='facepile-item-coin-image durable-image has-error';"aria-hidden=true role=presentation src=https://github.com/DCtheGeek.png?size=32> <span class="facepile-item-coin-text durable-image-fallback facepile-item-blue"aria-hidden=true> D </span> </a><li class=facepile-item><a aria-label="msatranjrGithub profile"class=facepile-item-coin data-contributor-name=msatranjr data-src=https://github.com/msatranjr.png?size=32 href=https://github.com/msatranjr title=msatranjr> <img class="facepile-item-coin-image durable-image"onerror="this.className='facepile-item-coin-image durable-image has-error';"aria-hidden=true role=presentation src=https://github.com/msatranjr.png?size=32> <span class="facepile-item-coin-text durable-image-fallback facepile-item-teal"aria-hidden=true> m </span> </a></ul></ul><nav aria-label="Article Outline"class="doc-outline is-hidden-desktop"data-bi-name="intopic toc"id=center-doc-outline role=navigation><h3>In this article</h3></nav><h2 id=purpose>Purpose</h2><p>The Windows Update Agent (WUA) API is a set of COM interfaces that enable system administrators and programmers to access Windows Update and <a data-linktype=absolute-path href=/en-us/previous-versions/windows/desktop/ms744624(v=vs.85)> Windows Server Update Services (WSUS) </a> . Scripts and programs can be written to examine which updates are currently available for a computer, and then you can install or uninstall updates.<h2 id=where-applicable>Where applicable</h2><p>System administrators can use WUA to programmatically determine which updates should be applied to a computer, download those updates, and then install them with little or no user intervention.<p>Independent software vendors (ISV) and end-user developers can integrate WUA features into computer management or update management software to provide a seamless operating environment.<h2 id=developer-audience>Developer audience</h2><p>You can write WUA applications in several programming languages. WUA defines interfaces and objects that are accessible from Visual Basic, Visual Basic Scripting Edition (VBScript), JScript, and from C and C++. A familiarity with COM programming is useful to the WUA programmer.<h2 id=run-time-requirements>Run-time requirements</h2><p>WUA is supported starting with WindowsÂ XP. WUA is supported on the server starting with Windows ServerÂ 2003.<h2 id=in-this-section>In this section</h2><ul><li><a data-linktype=relative-path href=using-the-windows-update-agent-api> Using the Windows Update Agent API </a><li><a data-linktype=relative-path href=windows-update-agent--wua--api-reference> WUA API Reference </a></ul><p>Â <p>Â </main><div class="is-hidden-desktop border-top has-margin-top-large has-padding-top-large binary-rating-holder"><div class="feedback-verbatim border-bottom has-padding-bottom-large has-margin-bottom-small"data-bi-name=rating><div class=binary-rating><div class=binary-rating-buttons><h3 class="font-weight-semibold has-margin-top-none font-size-h4 margin-bottom-xs">Is this page helpful?</h3><div><button class="thumb-rating like has-inner-focus"aria-controls=rating-container-desktop aria-expanded=false data-bi-name=rating-yes data-bi-sat=1 title=Yes><span class="icon docon docon-like"aria-hidden=true> </span> <span> Yes </span></button><button class="thumb-rating dislike has-inner-focus"aria-controls=rating-container-desktop aria-expanded=false data-bi-name=rating-no data-bi-sat=0 title=No><span class="icon docon docon-dislike"aria-hidden=true> </span> <span> No </span></button></div></div><form class="feedback-verbatim-form is-hidden"id=rating-container-desktop><div class="verbatim-textarea box position-relative box-shadow-none border has-margin-top-small has-padding-extra-small font-size-xs"><label class=visually-hidden for=rating-textarea-desktop>Any additional feedback?</label><textarea class="textarea border-none box-shadow-none has-inner-focus"placeholder="Any additional feedback?"id=rating-textarea-desktop maxlength=999 required rows=4></textarea></div><p class="font-size-xs has-line-height-reset">Feedback will be sent to Microsoft: By pressing the submit button, your feedback will be used to improve Microsoft products and services. <a href=https://privacy.microsoft.com/en-us/privacystatement> Privacy policy. </a><div class="buttons buttons-right margin-top-xs has-margin-right-extra-small"><button class="skip-rating button button-clear button-primary button-sm"type=button>Skip</button><button class="submit-rating button button-primary button-filled button-sm"data-bi-name=rating-verbatim disabled>Submit</button></div></form></div><div class="thankyou-rating is-hidden"tabindex=-1><p>Thank you.</div></div></div><section data-bi-name=recommendations id=recommendations-section></section><div class="border-top is-visible-interactive has-default-focus has-margin-top-large"><footer class=footer-layout data-bi-name=footer id=footer-interactive><div class="display-flex is-full-height has-padding-right-extra-large-desktop"><a class="locale-selector-link button button-clear flex-shrink-0"data-bi-name=select-locale data-mscc-ic=false href=#> <span aria-hidden=true class=icon> <span class="docon docon-world"> </span> </span> <span class=local-selector-link-text> </span> </a><div class="margin-inline-xs flex-shrink-0"><div class="dropdown has-caret-up"><button class="dropdown-trigger button button-clear button-sm has-inner-focus theme-dropdown-trigger"aria-controls=theme-menu-interactive aria-expanded=false data-bi-name=theme title=Theme><span class=icon> <span class="docon docon-sun"aria-hidden=true> </span> </span> <span> Theme </span></button><div class=dropdown-menu id=theme-menu-interactive role=menu><ul class="theme-selector has-padding-small"><li class="theme is-block"><button class="button button-clear button-sm theme-control button-block justify-content-flex-start"data-theme-to=light><span class="theme-light has-margin-right-small"> <span class="theme-selector-icon css-variable-support border is-inline-block has-body-background"aria-hidden=true> <svg viewbox="0 0 22 14"class=svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg><rect class=has-fill-body-background height=14 width=22></rect><rect class=has-fill-secondary height=4 width=12 x=5 y=5></rect><rect class=has-fill-secondary height=1 width=2 x=5 y=2></rect><rect class=has-fill-secondary height=1 width=2 x=8 y=2></rect><rect class=has-fill-secondary height=1 width=3 x=11 y=2></rect><rect class=has-fill-secondary height=2 width=2 x=1 y=1></rect><rect class=has-fill-primary height=2 rx=0.3 width=7 x=5 y=10></rect><rect class=has-fill-secondary height=2 rx=1 width=2 x=19 y=1></rect></svg> </span> </span> <span role=menuitem> Light </span></button><li class="theme is-block"><button class="button button-clear button-sm theme-control button-block justify-content-flex-start"data-theme-to=dark><span class="theme-dark has-margin-right-small"> <span class="border theme-selector-icon css-variable-support is-inline-block has-body-background"aria-hidden=true> <svg viewbox="0 0 22 14"class=svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg><rect class=has-fill-body-background height=14 width=22></rect><rect class=has-fill-secondary height=4 width=12 x=5 y=5></rect><rect class=has-fill-secondary height=1 width=2 x=5 y=2></rect><rect class=has-fill-secondary height=1 width=2 x=8 y=2></rect><rect class=has-fill-secondary height=1 width=3 x=11 y=2></rect><rect class=has-fill-secondary height=2 width=2 x=1 y=1></rect><rect class=has-fill-primary height=2 rx=0.3 width=7 x=5 y=10></rect><rect class=has-fill-secondary height=2 rx=1 width=2 x=19 y=1></rect></svg> </span> </span> <span role=menuitem> Dark </span></button><li class="theme is-block"><button class="button button-clear button-sm theme-control button-block justify-content-flex-start"data-theme-to=high-contrast><span class="theme-high-contrast has-margin-right-small"> <span class="border theme-selector-icon css-variable-support is-inline-block has-body-background"aria-hidden=true> <svg viewbox="0 0 22 14"class=svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg><rect class=has-fill-body-background height=14 width=22></rect><rect class=has-fill-secondary height=4 width=12 x=5 y=5></rect><rect class=has-fill-secondary height=1 width=2 x=5 y=2></rect><rect class=has-fill-secondary height=1 width=2 x=8 y=2></rect><rect class=has-fill-secondary height=1 width=3 x=11 y=2></rect><rect class=has-fill-secondary height=2 width=2 x=1 y=1></rect><rect class=has-fill-primary height=2 rx=0.3 width=7 x=5 y=10></rect><rect class=has-fill-secondary height=2 rx=1 width=2 x=19 y=1></rect></svg> </span> </span> <span role=menuitem> High contrast </span></button></ul></div></div></div></div><ul class=links data-bi-name=footerlinks><li class=manage-cookies-holder hidden><li><a data-bi-name=archivelink data-mscc-ic=false href=https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/> Previous Version Docs </a><li><a data-bi-name=bloglink data-mscc-ic=false href=https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/teamblog> Blog </a><li><a data-bi-name=contributorGuide data-mscc-ic=false href=https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/contribute> Contribute </a><li><a data-bi-name=privacy data-mscc-ic=false href=https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=521839> Privacy & Cookies </a><li><a data-bi-name=termsofuse data-mscc-ic=false href=https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/legal/termsofuse> Terms of Use </a><li><a data-bi-name=trademarks data-mscc-ic=false href=https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/legal/intellectualproperty/Trademarks/EN-US.aspx> Trademarks </a><li>© Microsoft 2021</ul></footer></div></div><div aria-label="Page Actions"class="font-size-sm right-container column is-4-desktop display-none display-block-desktop"data-bi-name=pageactions role=complementary><div class="doc-outline is-vertically-scrollable"id=affixed-right-container><div class="feedback-verbatim border-bottom has-padding-bottom-small has-margin-bottom-small"data-bi-name=rating><div class=binary-rating><div class=binary-rating-buttons><h3 class="font-weight-semibold has-margin-top-none has-margin-bottom-small">Is this page helpful?</h3><div><button class="thumb-rating like has-inner-focus"aria-controls=rating-container-mobile aria-expanded=false data-bi-name=rating-yes data-bi-sat=1 title=Yes><span class="icon docon docon-like"aria-hidden=true> </span> <span> Yes </span></button><button class="thumb-rating dislike has-inner-focus"aria-controls=rating-container-mobile aria-expanded=false data-bi-name=rating-no data-bi-sat=0 title=No><span class="icon docon docon-dislike"aria-hidden=true> </span> <span> No </span></button></div></div><form class="feedback-verbatim-form is-hidden"id=rating-container-mobile><div class="verbatim-textarea box position-relative box-shadow-none border has-margin-top-small has-padding-extra-small font-size-xs"><label class=visually-hidden for=rating-textarea-mobile>Any additional feedback?</label><textarea class="textarea border-none box-shadow-none has-inner-focus"placeholder="Any additional feedback?"id=rating-textarea-mobile maxlength=999 required rows=4></textarea></div><p class="font-size-xs has-line-height-reset">Feedback will be sent to Microsoft: By pressing the submit button, your feedback will be used to improve Microsoft products and services. <a href=https://privacy.microsoft.com/en-us/privacystatement> Privacy policy. </a><div class="buttons buttons-right margin-top-xs has-margin-right-extra-small"><button class="skip-rating button button-clear button-primary button-sm"type=button>Skip</button><button class="submit-rating button button-primary button-filled button-sm"data-bi-name=rating-verbatim disabled>Submit</button></div></form></div><div class="thankyou-rating is-hidden"tabindex=-1><p>Thank you.</div></div><nav aria-label="Article Outline"data-bi-name="intopic toc"id=side-doc-outline role=navigation><h3>In this article</h3></nav></div></div></div></section><aside class="interactive-container is-visible-interactive column has-body-background-dark"id=interactive-container></aside></div></div><section class="border-top has-default-focus is-hidden-interactive has-margin-top-large"><footer class="footer-layout uhf-container has-padding"data-bi-name=footer id=footer role=contentinfo><div class="display-flex is-full-height has-padding-right-extra-large-desktop"><a class="locale-selector-link button button-clear flex-shrink-0"data-bi-name=select-locale data-mscc-ic=false href=#> <span aria-hidden=true class=icon> <span class="docon docon-world"> </span> </span> <span class=local-selector-link-text> </span> </a><div class="margin-inline-xs flex-shrink-0"><div class="dropdown has-caret-up"><button class="dropdown-trigger button button-clear button-sm has-inner-focus theme-dropdown-trigger"aria-controls=theme-menu aria-expanded=false data-bi-name=theme title=Theme><span class=icon> <span class="docon docon-sun"aria-hidden=true> </span> </span> <span> Theme </span></button><div class=dropdown-menu id=theme-menu role=menu><ul class="theme-selector has-padding-small"><li class="theme is-block"><button class="button button-clear button-sm theme-control button-block justify-content-flex-start"data-theme-to=light><span class="theme-light has-margin-right-small"> <span class="theme-selector-icon css-variable-support border is-inline-block has-body-background"aria-hidden=true> <svg viewbox="0 0 22 14"class=svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg><rect class=has-fill-body-background height=14 width=22></rect><rect class=has-fill-secondary height=4 width=12 x=5 y=5></rect><rect class=has-fill-secondary height=1 width=2 x=5 y=2></rect><rect class=has-fill-secondary height=1 width=2 x=8 y=2></rect><rect class=has-fill-secondary height=1 width=3 x=11 y=2></rect><rect class=has-fill-secondary height=2 width=2 x=1 y=1></rect><rect class=has-fill-primary height=2 rx=0.3 width=7 x=5 y=10></rect><rect class=has-fill-secondary height=2 rx=1 width=2 x=19 y=1></rect></svg> </span> </span> <span role=menuitem> Light </span></button><li class="theme is-block"><button class="button button-clear button-sm theme-control button-block justify-content-flex-start"data-theme-to=dark><span class="theme-dark has-margin-right-small"> <span class="border theme-selector-icon css-variable-support is-inline-block has-body-background"aria-hidden=true> <svg viewbox="0 0 22 14"class=svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg><rect class=has-fill-body-background height=14 width=22></rect><rect class=has-fill-secondary height=4 width=12 x=5 y=5></rect><rect class=has-fill-secondary height=1 width=2 x=5 y=2></rect><rect class=has-fill-secondary height=1 width=2 x=8 y=2></rect><rect class=has-fill-secondary height=1 width=3 x=11 y=2></rect><rect class=has-fill-secondary height=2 width=2 x=1 y=1></rect><rect class=has-fill-primary height=2 rx=0.3 width=7 x=5 y=10></rect><rect class=has-fill-secondary height=2 rx=1 width=2 x=19 y=1></rect></svg> </span> </span> <span role=menuitem> Dark </span></button><li class="theme is-block"><button class="button button-clear button-sm theme-control button-block justify-content-flex-start"data-theme-to=high-contrast><span class="theme-high-contrast has-margin-right-small"> <span class="border theme-selector-icon css-variable-support is-inline-block has-body-background"aria-hidden=true> <svg viewbox="0 0 22 14"class=svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg><rect class=has-fill-body-background height=14 width=22></rect><rect class=has-fill-secondary height=4 width=12 x=5 y=5></rect><rect class=has-fill-secondary height=1 width=2 x=5 y=2></rect><rect class=has-fill-secondary height=1 width=2 x=8 y=2></rect><rect class=has-fill-secondary height=1 width=3 x=11 y=2></rect><rect class=has-fill-secondary height=2 width=2 x=1 y=1></rect><rect class=has-fill-primary height=2 rx=0.3 width=7 x=5 y=10></rect><rect class=has-fill-secondary height=2 rx=1 width=2 x=19 y=1></rect></svg> </span> </span> <span role=menuitem> High contrast </span></button></ul></div></div></div></div><ul class=links data-bi-name=footerlinks><li class=manage-cookies-holder hidden><li><a data-bi-name=archivelink data-mscc-ic=false href=https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/> Previous Version Docs </a><li><a data-bi-name=bloglink data-mscc-ic=false href=https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/teamblog> Blog </a><li><a data-bi-name=contributorGuide data-mscc-ic=false href=https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/contribute> Contribute </a><li><a data-bi-name=privacy data-mscc-ic=false href=https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=521839> Privacy & Cookies </a><li><a data-bi-name=termsofuse data-mscc-ic=false href=https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/legal/termsofuse> Terms of Use </a><li><a data-bi-name=trademarks data-mscc-ic=false href=https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/legal/intellectualproperty/Trademarks/EN-US.aspx> Trademarks </a><li>© Microsoft 2021</ul></footer></section><div aria-label="Action Panel"class="action-panel has-default-focus"id=action-panel role=region tabindex=-1></div>