<!doctypehtml><html lang=en><meta content=acids,bases,learn,science,kids,fun,children,study,education name=keywords><meta content="Kid's learn about the science and chemistry of acids and bases. pH level and reactions of chemicals."name=description><title>
   Kids science: Acids and Bases
  </title><script>if ((typeof window.orientation !== "undefined") || (navigator.userAgent.indexOf('IEMobile') !== -1))
{
  var tyche = {
                mode: 'tyche',
                config: '//config.playwire.com/1015702/v2/websites/62069/banner.json',
                isMobile: 'true'
            };
}
else
{
  var tyche = {
                mode: 'tyche',
                config: '//config.playwire.com/1015702/v2/websites/62069/banner.json',
            };
}</script><script id=tyche src=//cdn.intergi.com/hera/tyche.js></script><style>@media screen{

*, *:before, *:after {
  -moz-box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-box-sizing: border-box; box-sizing: border-box;
}
 
body { margin: 0; }

img {
  max-width: 100%; height: auto;
}

.columnsContainer { position: relative; margin: 0px; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto; max-width:1070px;background-color: #FFFFFF;}

#graphic1 {display:none; }
h1 { font-family: 'Century Gothic', Calibri, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size:2.3em; color: #008040;margin:6px 10px 6px 10px;}
h2 { font-family: 'Century Gothic', Calibri, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size:2.2em; color: #004080;margin:6px 10px 8px 10px;}
body {font-size:1.0em;}

body {
    font-size:100%;
	font-family: Arial;
	background: #2A9BD6;
	text-align: center;
	padding: 0;
}

ul li a {display: inline-block; margin: 4px 4px 4px 4px;} 
li a {display: inline-block; margin: 4px 4px 4px 4px;} 
ul a {display: inline-block; margin: 4px 4px 4px 4px;} 
span a {display: inline-block; margin: 4px 4px 4px 4px;} 
table a {display: inline-block; margin: 4px 4px 4px 4px;} 

a.pw_report_ad_container {
display: block !important;
 }
 
.pw_report_ad_container {
display: block !important;
 } 

a.playwire_report_ad_link{
color: #3E3E3E !important;
text-decoration: none;
}

.search_input
{
  width: 100%;
}
.search_input form
{
  overflow: hidden;
  max-width: 700px;
}
.search_input form > table
{
  width: 100%;
  padding-top: 0px;
  padding-right: 2px;
  border-collapse: separate;
  border-spacing: 0;
}
.search_input form > table td
{
  padding: 0px 0px;
  margin: 0px 0px;
}
.search_input form > table td.search_empty
{
  margin-right: -1px;
}

#search_field > table
{
	width: 100%;
}

.search_empty input#q
{
  display: table-cell;
  width: 95%;
  line-height: 33px;
  height: 32px;
  padding: 1px 1px 1px 20px;
  font-family: arial, sans-serif;
  font-size: 25px;
    font-weight: normal;
    text-align: left;
    color: #646464;
  background: transparent !important;
  border: none !important; 
  border-right: none !important;
  vertical-align: bottom;
  outline: none;
  box-shadow: none !important;
}

::placeholder { /* Chrome, Firefox, Opera, Safari 10.1+ */
  color: #CECECE;
  opacity: 1; /* Firefox */
}

#sub_button_id {
  cursor : pointer;
  border-radius : 9px;
  padding : 5px 9px 5px 9px;
  width: 100px;
  box-shadow : 0 1px 4px rgba(0,0,0,.6);
  font-size : 14px;
  font-weight : normal;
  color : #5B5B5B;
  font-family : "Arial",sans-serif;
  text-decoration : none;
  margin: 0px 2px 0px 1px;  
  border-color : #93BF93;
  background: #CECECE;
}

#header_search {
	width: 350px;
    padding: 3px 3px 3px 3px;
	background-color:#FFF;
	border: 3px solid #008000;
    border-radius:10px;
	margin: 0px auto 10px auto;
 }
 
.wrapper {
  width:100%;
  max-width:1070px;
  margin:0 auto;
  background:#FFFFFF;
  overflow:hidden;
}
.inner {
  -webkit-transform: translateZ(0);
  transform: translateZ(0);
 }
.topbarmobile{
    display:block;
    width:100%;
    min-height:130px;
    } 
.topbardesk{
    display:block;
    max-width:1070px;
    min-height:180px;
    }	
.sidebar-right {
  background:#FFFFF;
  width:100%;
  float:none;
  padding:.4em;
  margin:.4em 0 .4em;
}
.contentT {
  padding:.4em;
  width: 100%;
  padding-right:.5em;
  float:left;
}
.content {
  padding:.4em;
  width: 100%;
  min-height:1450px;
  padding-right:.5em;
  float:left;
}
#playwire_video {padding-top:3px;margin:auto;max-width:640px;}
#standard_image {
    clear:both;
    margin:auto;
    border-style: solid;
    border-color: #525252;
    border-width: 4px;
    display:inline-block;
    background-color: white;
    box-shadow: 5px 10px 5px #888888;
    padding:2px;
    margin-bottom:25px;
}
#standard_image_center {
    clear:both;
    margin:auto;
    border-style: solid;
    border-color: #525252;
    border-width: 4px;
    display:inline-block;
    background-color: white;
    box-shadow: 5px 10px 5px #888888;
    padding:2px;
    margin-bottom:25px;
}
#header_container {
    max-width: 1070px;
    margin: 0px auto 0px auto;
	background-color: #FFFFFF;
	padding:10px 10px 0px 10px;
	position:relative;
	border:8px;
	border-color:#008000;
	border-style:solid;
	border-radius:20px; 
 }
#ad_text {
  font-family : "Arial",sans-serif;
  font-size : .9em;
  font-weight : normal;
  color: #898989;
 }
.radio-toolbar label {
    display:inline-block;
    background-color:#ddd;
    padding:4px 11px;
    font-family:Arial;
    font-size:16px;
}
.radio-toolbar input[type="radio"]:checked + label {
    background-color:#bbb;
}
.button {
  display : inline-block;
  cursor : pointer;
  border-radius : 5px;
  padding : 5px 11px 5px 11px;
  width: 112px;
  box-shadow : 0 1px 4px rgba(0,0,0,.6);
  font-size : 20px;
  font-weight : normal;
  color : #fff;
  text-shadow : 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.4);
  font-family : "Arial",sans-serif;
  text-decoration : none;
  margin: 0px 0px 10px 10px;
}
button.blue,
.button.blue {
  border-color : #0080C0;
  background: #0080C0;
}
button.green,
.button.green {
  border-color : #008000;
  background: #008000;
}
#rightsidebox1 { 
	width: 320px;
    min-height: 290px;
	padding: 0px;
	background-color:#FFF;
	border: 10px solid #004080;
	margin: 0px auto 10px auto;
	-webkit-transform: translateZ(0);
	transform: translateZ(0);
	}
#rightsidebox2 { 
	width: 320px;
	padding: 0px;
	background-color:#FFF;
	border: 10px solid #F48F0C;
	margin: 0px auto 10px auto;
	-webkit-transform: translateZ(0);
	transform: translateZ(0);
	}		
#rightside {
    float:right;
	margin: 0 0 0px 0px;
	background-color: #FFFFFF;
    }	
#main_table {
	text-align:left;
	}
#footerid {
    font-size:0.9em;
    margin: 0px auto 0px auto;
    max-width:1070px;
}
#footer_search {
	border: 10px solid #F48F0C;
	margin: 10px auto 10px auto;
   padding: 20px;
   background-color: #FFFFFF;
 }	
#rightside_search {
	width: 320px;
    padding-bottom: 20px;
	padding-top: 20px;
	background-color:#FFF;
	border: 10px solid #008000;
	margin: 0px auto 10px auto;
	-webkit-transform: translateZ(0);
	transform: translateZ(0);
 } 
#footer_menu {
  width: 100%;
  border: 10px solid #008000;
  text-align:left;
  background-color: #FFFFFF;
 } 
#footer_menu td { 
  vertical-align:top;
  font-size:1.1em;
}

#footer_column1 {width:50%;position:relative;float:left;} 
#footer_column2 {width:50%;position:relative;float:left;}
#footer_column3 {width:50%;position:relative;float:left;}
#footer_column4 {width:50%;position:relative;float:left;}

#whatsnewfont {
font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 24pt; color: #008080}
#whatsnewlink  { 
font-family: 'Century Gothic', Calibri, Geneva, sans-serif; font-weight:bold; text-decoration: none; font-size: 24pt; color: #008000;}
} 

@media screen and (min-width: 550px){

#header_search {
	width: 650px;
    padding: 3px 3px 3px 3px;
	background-color:#FFF;
	border: 3px solid #008000;
    border-radius:20px;
	margin: 0px auto 20px auto;
	-webkit-transform: translateZ(0);
	transform: translateZ(0);
 }

#standard_image {
    float:right;
	margin: 25px 25px;
}
  
#main_table {max-width:1070px;}
#footer_search {max-width: 600px;}
#footerid {max-width: 1070px;background-color: #FFFFFF;}
#graphic1 {display:none; }

.wrapper {
  width:100%;
  max-width:1070px;
  margin:0 auto;
  background:#FFFFFF;
  overflow:hidden;
  border:5px;border-color:#008040;border-style:solid;
}

.sidebar-right {
  background:#FFFFF;
  width:31%;
  float:left;
  padding:.1em;
  margin:.1em 0 .1em;
}
.contentT {
  padding:.4em;
  width: 67%;
  padding-right:.5em;
  float:left;
}
.content {
  padding:.4em;
  width: 69%;
  min-height:1450px;
  padding-right:.5em;
  float:left;
}

.content_mobile {
  padding:.4em;
  width: 100%;
  padding-right:.5em;
  float:left;
}

.leftColumntop {margin-right: 0px; background-color: #2A9BD6;padding:5px}
.rightColumntop {position: absolute; top: 0; right: 0; width: 450px;background-color: #2A9BD6;padding-right:10px}

.leftColumn1 {margin-right: 0px; background-color: #FFFFFF;padding-left: 10px;padding-right:10px}
.rightColumn1 { position: absolute; top: 0px; right: 8px; width: 320px;background-color: #FFFFFF;padding:15px 10px 0px 10px}

.leftColumn {margin-right: 343px; min-height:1450px;background-color: #FFFFFF;padding-left: 10px;padding-right:8px}
.rightColumn {position: absolute; top: 10px; right: 0; width: 343px;background-color: #FFFFFF;padding-right:5px;}

#footer_column1 {width:25%;position:relative;float:left;} 
#footer_column2 {width:25%;position:relative;float:left;}
#footer_column3 {width:25%;position:relative;float:left;}
#footer_column4 {width:25%;position:relative;float:left;}
}

@media screen and (max-width: 655px) 
{
#graphic1 {display:none; }
.leftColumntop {display:none; }
.rightColumntop {display:none; }

#adspace {display:none; }

.button {
  border-radius : 2px;
  padding : 4px 4px 4px 4px;
  width: auto;
  font-size : 20px;
  font-weight : normal;
  margin: 0px 0px 5px 5px;
}

}

@media screen and (max-width: 470px){
#graphic {display:none; }
#graphic1 {display:inline; }
}

@media screen and (max-width: 400px){
#graphic {display:none; }
#graphic1 {display:inline; }
#rightsidebox1 { 
	width: 308px;
	border: 4px solid #004080;
	}
#rightsidebox2 { 
	width: 308px;
	border: 4px solid #F48F0C;
	}
#rightside_search { 
	width: 308px;
	border: 4px solid #008000;
	}
#header_container {
    max-width: 1070px;
    margin: 0px auto 0px auto;
	background-color: #FFFFFF;
	padding:0px 0px 2px 0px;
	position:relative;
	border:4px;
	border-color:#008000;
	border-style:solid;
	border-radius:10px; 
 }	
}

@media screen and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2){
  /* iphone 4*/
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
}</style><script>(function(i,s,o,g,r,a,m){i['GoogleAnalyticsObject']=r;i[r]=i[r]||function(){
  (i[r].q=i[r].q||[]).push(arguments)},i[r].l=1*new Date();a=s.createElement(o),
  m=s.getElementsByTagName(o)[0];a.async=1;a.src=g;m.parentNode.insertBefore(a,m)
  })(window,document,'script','//www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js','ga');

  ga('create', 'UA-714916-2', 'ducksters.com');
  ga('send', 'pageview');
  ga('set', 'anonymizeIp', true);</script><script src=/jquery-1.10.1.min.js></script><script src=/jquery.sticky-kit.js></script><script src=/sticky4.js></script><script>function addLink() {
	var body_element = document.getElementsByTagName('body')[0];
	var selection;
	selection = window.getSelection();
	var pagelink = "<br /><br /> Read more at: <a href='"+document.location.href+"'>"+document.location.href+"</a><br />This text is Copyright &copy; Ducksters. Do not use without permission.";
	var copytext = selection + pagelink;
	var newdiv = document.createElement('div');
	newdiv.style.position='absolute';
	newdiv.style.left='-99999px';
	body_element.appendChild(newdiv);
	newdiv.innerHTML = copytext;
	selection.selectAllChildren(newdiv);
	window.setTimeout(function() {
		body_element.removeChild(newdiv);
	},0);
}
document.oncopy = addLink;</script><link rel="shortcut icon"href=/favico2.png><link href=/favico2.png rel=apple-touch-icon><link href=/favico2.png rel=icon sizes=16x16 type=image/png><link href=//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/cookieconsent2/3.1.0/cookieconsent.min.css rel=stylesheet><script src=//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/cookieconsent2/3.1.0/cookieconsent.min.js></script><script>window.addEventListener("load", function(){
window.cookieconsent.initialise({
  "palette": {
    "popup": {
      "background": "#252e39"
    },
    "button": {
      "background": "#14a7d0"
    }
  },
  "position": "top",
  "content": {
    "href": "https://www.ducksters.com/privacy_policy.php"
  }
})});</script><meta content=width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0 name=viewport><body bgcolor=#ffffff><div id=header_container><div align=center class=leftColumn1><span style="position: relative;border: 0px;"id=graphic> <a href=/> <img alt=Ducksters height=183 src=/graphics/header.gif width=699> </a> </span><span style="position: relative;border: 0px;"id=graphic1> <a href=/> <img alt=Ducksters border=0 src=/graphics/mobile.gif> </a> </span><div align=center><font size=+2> <a class="button green"href=/history/> History </a> <a class="button green"href=/biography/> Biography </a> <a class="button green"href=/geography/> Geography </a> <a class="button green"href=/science/> Science </a> <a class="button green"href=/games/> Games </a> </font></div></div></div><br><div align=center id=header_search><script>function checkSearch()
{
var x=document.forms["searchInput"]["q"].value;
if (x==null || x=="")
  {
  alert("Please enter search terms.");
  return false;
  }
else
  {
  document.forms["searchInput"]["q"].value = x + " kids";    
  }  
}</script><div class=search_input><center> <form onsubmit="return checkSearch()"action=https://www.ducksters.com/searchducksters.php id=cse-search-box name=searchInput><div id=search_field><table><tbody><tr><td class=search_empty><input placeholder="Search Ducksters"< adsafe=high autocapitalize=off autocomplete=off autocorrect=off autofocus data-personalizedads=false id=q input maxlength=60 name=q size=40><td class=search_button><button class=submit_button id=sub_button_id value=Search>Search Ducksters</button></table></div></form> </center></div></div><script>if ((typeof window.orientation !== "undefined") || (navigator.userAgent.indexOf('IEMobile') !== -1))
{
}
else
{
document.write("<div align='center'><div  class='topbardesk'><div data-pw-desk='leaderboard_atf'></div><div data-pw-mobi='leaderboard_atf'></div></div>"); 
}</script><div class=wrapper><script>if ((typeof window.orientation !== "undefined") || (navigator.userAgent.indexOf('IEMobile') !== -1))
{
document.write("<div class='content_mobile' align='left'>");
if ($(window).width() < 600) {
document.write("<div align='center'>");
document.write("<div  class='topbarmobile'><div data-pw-mobi='leaderboard_atf'></div><div data-pw-desk='leaderboard_atf'></div></div>"); 
}
else {
document.write("<div style='float:right;'>");   
document.write("<div data-pw-mobi='med_rect_atf'></div><div data-pw-desk='med_rect_atf'></div>"); 
} 
}
else
{
document.write("<div class='content' align='left'><div align='center'>");
}</script></div><a href=/science/> Science </a> >> <a href=/science/chemistry/> Chemistry for Kids </a><table align=center border=0 cellpadding=3 cellspacing=0 width=99%><tbody><tr><td><h1><div align=center>Chemistry for Kids</div></h1> <h2><div align=center>Acids and Bases</div></h2><td><img title="Lemons have citric acid to make them sour"align alt border=0 height=140 src=acid_lemon.jpg width=200></table><a href=/science/> Science </a> >> <a href=/science/chemistry/> Chemistry for Kids </a><br><br> Acids and bases are two special kinds of chemicals. Almost all liquids are either acids or bases to some degree. Whether a liquid is an acid or base depends on the type of ions in it. If it has a lot of <a href=/science/chemistry/hydrogen.php> hydrogen </a> ions, then it is an acid. If it has a lot of hydroxide ions, then it is a base. <br><br><b> pH Scale </b><br><br> Scientists use something called a pH scale to measure how acidic or basic a liquid is. pH is a number from 0 to 14. From 0 to 7 are acids, with 0 being the strongest. From 7 to 14 are bases with 14 being the strongest base. If a liquid has a pH of 7, it's neutral. This would be something like distilled water. <br><br><div align=center><img title="PH Chart for acids and bases"align alt border=0 height=598 src=acid_pH_chart.png width=293></div><br><br><b> Strong Acids and Bases </b><br><br> Acids with a low pH of around 1 are very reactive and can be dangerous. The same is true for bases of a pH near 13. Chemists use strong acids and bases to get <a href=/science/chemistry/chemical_reactions.php> chemical reactions </a> in the lab. Although they can be dangerous, these strong chemicals can also be helpful to us. <br><br><div align=center><img title="Danger Acid"align alt border=0 height=225 src=acid_danger.jpg width=300></div><br><div align=center>*** Never handle acids or bases in a chemistry lab unless supervised by your teacher. They can be very dangerous and can burn your skin.</div><br><br><b> Acids and Bases in Nature </b><br><br> There are many strong acids and bases in nature. Some of them are dangerous and used as poisons by insects and animals. Some are helpful. Many plants have acids and bases in their leaves, seeds, or even their sap. Citrus fruits like lemons and oranges have citric acid in their juice. This is what makes lemons taste so sour. <br><br><div align=center><script>if ((typeof window.orientation !== "undefined") || (navigator.userAgent.indexOf('IEMobile') !== -1))
{
document.write("<div data-pw-desk='med_rect_btf'></div>");
document.write("<div data-pw-mobi='med_rect_btf'></div>");
}</script></div><b> Acids and Bases in our Bodies </b><br><br> Our bodies use acids and bases too. Our stomachs use hydrochloric acid to help digest foods. This strong acid also kills bacteria and helps to keep us from getting sick. Our <a href=/science/muscles.php> muscles </a> produce lactic acid when we exercise. Also, our pancreas uses a base called an alkali to help with digestion. These are just a few examples of how the chemistry of bases and acids help our bodies function. <br><br><b> Other Uses </b><br><br> Science and technology makes good use of acids and bases. Car batteries use a strong acid called sulphuric acid. Chemical reactions between the acid and <a href=/science/chemistry/lead.php> lead </a> plates in the battery help make electricity to start the car. They are also used in many household cleaning products, baking soda, and to make fertilizer for crops. <br><br><b> Fun Facts </b><ul><li>Acids and bases can help neutralize each other.<li>Acids turn litmus paper red, bases turn it blue.<li>Strong bases can be slippery and slimy feeling.<li>Acids taste sour, bases taste bitter.<li>Proteins are made up of amino acids.<li>Vitamin C is also an acid called ascorbic acid.<li>Ammonia is a base chemical.</ul><div align=center><script>if ((typeof window.orientation !== "undefined") || (navigator.userAgent.indexOf('IEMobile') !== -1))
{
document.write("<div data-pw-desk='med_rect_btf'></div>");
document.write("<div data-pw-mobi='med_rect_btf'></div>");
}</script></div><b> Activities </b><br><br> Take a ten question <a href=/science/quiz/acids_and_bases_questions.php> quiz </a> about this page. <br><br><b> More Chemistry Subjects </b><br><br><table border=0 width=99%><tbody><tr><td valign=top><b> Matter </b> <br> <a href=/science/the_atom.php> Atom </a> <br> <a href=/science/molecules.php> Molecules </a> <br> <a href=/science/chemistry/isotopes.php> Isotopes </a> <br> <a href=/science/solids_liquids_gases.php> Solids, Liquids, Gases </a> <br> <a href=/science/melting_and_boiling.php> Melting and Boiling </a> <br> <a href=/science/chemistry/chemical_bonding.php> Chemical Bonding </a> <br> <a href=/science/chemistry/chemical_reactions.php> Chemical Reactions </a> <br> <a href=/science/chemistry/radiation_and_radioactivity.php> Radioactivity and Radiation </a> <br><td valign=top><b> Mixtures and Compounds </b> <br> <a href=/science/chemistry/naming_chemical_compounds.php> Naming Compounds </a> <br> <a href=/science/chemistry/chemical_mixtures.php> Mixtures </a> <br> <a href=/science/chemistry/separating_mixtures.php> Separating Mixtures </a> <br> <a href=/science/chemistry/solutions_and_dissolving.php> Solutions </a> <br> <a href=/science/acids_and_bases.php> Acids and Bases </a> <br> <a href=/science/crystals.php> Crystals </a> <br> <a href=/science/metals.php> Metals </a> <br> <a href=/science/chemistry/soaps_and_salts.php> Salts and Soaps </a> <br> <a href=/science/water.php> Water </a> <br><td valign=top><b> Other </b> <br> <a href=/science/chemistry/glossary_and_terms.php> Glossary and Terms </a> <br> <a href=/science/chemistry/chemistry_lab_equipment.php> Chemistry Lab Equipment </a> <br> <a href=/science/chemistry/organic_chemistry.php> Organic Chemistry </a> <br> <a href=/science/chemistry/famous_chemists.php> Famous Chemists </a> <br></table><br><b> Elements and the Periodic Table </b><br><a href=/science/elements.php> Elements </a><br><a href=/science/periodic_table.php> Periodic Table </a><br><br><a href=/science/> Science </a> >> <a href=/science/chemistry/> Chemistry for Kids </a><script>if ((typeof window.orientation !== "undefined") || (navigator.userAgent.indexOf('IEMobile') !== -1))
{
}
else
{

document.write("<div class='sidebar-right' id='sidebar'><div class='inner'><span id='ad_text'>Advertisement</span><div align='center' id='rightsidebox1'>");
document.write("<div data-pw-desk='med_rect_atf'></div>");
document.write("<div data-pw-mobi='med_rect_atf'></div>");
document.write("</div>");

}</script><script>if ((typeof window.orientation !== "undefined") || (navigator.userAgent.indexOf('IEMobile') !== -1))
{
document.write("</div>");
}
else
{
}</script><div id=footerid><div align=center><script>if ((typeof window.orientation !== "undefined") || (navigator.userAgent.indexOf('IEMobile') !== -1))
{
document.write("<div data-pw-desk='leaderboard_btf'></div><div data-pw-mobi='leaderboard_btf'></div>");
}
else
{
document.write("<div data-pw-desk='leaderboard_btf'></div><div data-pw-mobi='leaderboard_btf'></div>");
}</script></div><br><script>function checkSearchFooter()
{
var x=document.forms["searchInputFooter"]["q"].value;
if (x==null || x=="")
  {
  alert("Please enter search terms.");
  return false;
  }
else
  {
  document.forms["searchInputFooter"]["q"].value = x + " kids";
  }  
}</script><div align=center id=header_search><div class=search_input><form onsubmit="return checkSearchFooter()"action=https://www.ducksters.com/searchducksters.php id=cse-search-box name=searchInputFooter><div id=search_field><table><tbody><tr><td class=search_empty><input placeholder="Search Ducksters"< adsafe=high autocapitalize=off autocomplete=off autocorrect=off autofocus data-personalizedads=false id=q input maxlength=60 name=q size=40><td class=search_button><button class=submit_button id=sub_button_id value=Search>Search Ducksters</button></table></div></form></div></div><br><div align=center><img alt="Ducksters Footer Gif with Ducks"height=101 src=/graphics/ducksters_footer_1.gif width=745></div><table id=footer_menu><tbody><tr><td><span id=footer_column1> <a href=/study.php> <font color=#F48F0C> Homework </font> </a> <br> <a href=/animals.php> Animals </a> <br> <a href=/kidsmath/> Math </a> <br> <a href=/history/> History </a> <br> <a href=/biography/> Biography </a> <br> <a href=/money/> Money and Finance </a> <br> <br> <font color=#F48F0C> Biography </font> <br> <a href=/history/art/> Artists </a> <br> <a href=/history/civil_rights/> Civil Rights Leaders </a> <br> <a href=/biography/entrepreneurs/> Entrepreneurs </a> <br> <a href=/biography/explorers/> Explorers </a> <br> <a href=/biography/scientists/scientists_and_inventors.php> Inventors and Scientists </a> <br> <a href=/biography/women_leaders/> Women Leaders </a> <br> <a href=/biography/world_leaders/> World Leaders </a> <br> <a href=/biography/uspresidents/> US Presidents </a> <br> <br> </span> <span id=footer_column2> <a> <font color=#F48F0C> US History </font> </a> <br> <a href=/history/native_americans.php> Native Americans </a> <br> <a href=/history/colonial_america/> Colonial America </a> <br> <a href=/history/american_revolution.php> American Revolution </a> <br> <a href=/history/us_1800s/industrial_revolution.php> Industrial Revolution </a> <br> <a href=/history/civil_war.php> American Civil War </a> <br> <a href=/history/westward_expansion/> Westward Expansion </a> <br> <a href=/history/us_1900s/great_depression.php> The Great Depression </a> <br> <a href=/history/civil_rights/> Civil Rights Movement </a> <br> <a href=/history/us_1800s/> Pre-1900s </a> <br> <a href=/history/us_1900s/> 1900 to Present </a> <br> <a href=/history/us_government.php> US Government </a> <br> <a href=/geography/us_states/> US State History </a> <br> <br> <a href=/science/> <font color=#F48F0C> Science </font> </a> <br> <a href=/science/biology/> Biology </a> <br> <a href=/science/chemistry/> Chemistry </a> <br> <a href=/science/earth_science/> Earth Science </a> <br> <a href=/science/physics/> Physics </a> <br> <br> </span> <span id=footer_column3> <a> <font color=#F48F0C> World History </font> </a> <br> <a href=/history/africa/> Ancient Africa </a> <br> <a href=/history/china/ancient_china.php> Ancient China </a> <br> <a href=/history/ancient_egypt.php> Ancient Egypt </a> <br> <a href=/history/ancient_greece.php> Ancient Greece </a> <br> <a href=/history/mesopotamia/ancient_mesopotamia.php> Ancient Mesopotamia </a> <br> <a href=/history/ancient_rome.php> Ancient Rome </a> <br> <a href=/history/middle_ages_timeline.php> Middle Ages </a> <br> <a href=/history/islam/> Islamic Empire </a> <br> <a href=/history/renaissance.php> Renaissance </a> <br> <a href=/history/aztec_maya_inca.php> Aztec, Maya, Inca </a> <br> <a href=/history/french_revolution/> French Revolution </a> <br> <a href=/history/world_war_i/> World War 1 </a> <br> <a href=/history/world_war_ii/> World War 2 </a> <br> <a href=/history/cold_war/summary.php> Cold War </a> <br> <a href=/history/art/> Art History </a> <br> <br> </span> <span id=footer_column4> <a href=/geography/> <font color=#F48F0C> Geography </font> </a> <br> <a href=/geography/usgeography.php> United States </a> <br> <a href=/geography/africa.php> Africa </a> <br> <a href=/geography/asia.php> Asia </a> <br> <a href=/geography/centralamerica.php> Central America </a> <br> <a href=/geography/europe.php> Europe </a> <br> <a href=/geography/middleeast.php> Middle East </a> <br> <a href=/geography/northamerica.php> North America </a> <br> <a href=/geography/oceania.php> Oceania </a> <br> <a href=/geography/southamerica.php> South America </a> <br> <a href=/geography/southeastasia.php> Southeast Asia </a> <br> <br> <a> <font color=#F48F0C> Fun Stuff </font> </a> <br> <a href=/games/> Educational Games </a> <br> <a href=/holidays/kids_calendar.php> Holidays </a> <br> <a href=/jokes/> Jokes for Kids </a> <br> <a href=/movies.php> Movies </a> <br> <a href=/music.php> Music </a> <br> <a href=/sports.php> Sports </a> <br> </span></table><br><br><a href=/about.php> About Ducksters </a>   <a href=/privacy_policy.php> <b> <font color=#008000> Privacy Policy </font> </b> </a>   <br><br><script>var title_1 = document.title;
var location_1 = document.location.href;
document.write ("<a href='/citation.php?title=" + title_1 + "&location=" + location_1 + "'>Cite this Page</a>");</script>   <br><br> This site is a product of TSI (Technological Solutions, Inc.), Copyright 2021, All Rights Reserved. By using this site you agree to the <a href=/termsofuse.php> Terms of Use. </a><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br></div>