<!doctypehtml><html version="HTML+RDFa+MathML 1.1"class=pl dir=ltr lang=en xmlns=http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml xmlns:content=http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/ xmlns:dc=http://purl.org/dc/terms/ xmlns:foaf=http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/ xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML xmlns:og=http://ogp.me/ns# xmlns:rdfs=http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema# xmlns:sioc=http://rdfs.org/sioc/ns# xmlns:sioct=http://rdfs.org/sioc/types# xmlns:skos=http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core# xmlns:xsd=http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#><head prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns# article: http://ogp.me/ns/article# book: http://ogp.me/ns/book#"><link href=https://science.sciencemag.org/sites/default/files/advagg_css/css__CIOdlg1mYW6I2CL644ICVLfmWtYsWcX-OiXP9U-sN4M__xdSjzV3VLkbhH0oKXcqPUSr7KyB-93OO74ii24MKjzc__hEvyMjFAsIzetzhjTtUHepyyk8Cxz5Cq8tibqxH07CA.css media=all rel=stylesheet><link href=https://science.sciencemag.org/sites/all/modules/highwire/highwire/highwire.style.highwire.css?qqpxsd media=all rel=stylesheet><link href=https://science.sciencemag.org/sites/default/files/advagg_css/css__HTPKj1WW5jqA15tEequVGO6qxPoZT3Wzs5QSouvu78Y__R4aN6QZpjYrXIIijGa3jDbA5QZHjsZI3MewSL7JjLco__hEvyMjFAsIzetzhjTtUHepyyk8Cxz5Cq8tibqxH07CA.css media=all rel=stylesheet><title>
   RE: Pollution Threat of E-commerce in China | Science
  </title><meta content="text/html; charset=utf-8"http-equiv=Content-Type><link href=//www.google-analytics.com rel=dns-prefetch><link href=//stats.g.doubleclick.net rel=dns-prefetch><link href=//cdnjs.cloudflare.com rel=dns-prefetch><link title="Featured Figure"href=/content/re-pollution-threat-e-commerce-china.featured-figure.jpg rel=alternate type=image/jpeg><link title="Body (EPUB)"href=/content/re-pollution-threat-e-commerce-china.body.epub rel=alternate type=application/epub+zip><meta content=text/html name=DC.Format><meta content=en name=DC.Language><meta content="RE: Pollution Threat of E-commerce in China"name=DC.Title><meta content="Kun Yang"name=DC.Contributor><meta content="Xixi Lu"name=DC.Contributor><meta content="Mingchan Li"name=DC.Contributor><meta content="Rongfeng Yang"name=DC.Contributor><meta content="Shaohua Zhang"name=DC.Contributor><meta content="RE: Pollution Threat of E-commerce in China"name=citation_title><meta content=2021/04/02 name=citation_publication_date><meta content="RE: Pollution Threat of E-commerce in China"name=twitter:title><meta content=summary_large_image name=twitter:card><meta content=https://science.sciencemag.org/sites/default/files/highwire/sci/372/6537.cover-source.gif name=twitter:image><meta content="RE: Pollution Threat of E-commerce in China"name=og-title property=og:title><meta content=https://science.sciencemag.org/content/re-pollution-threat-e-commerce-china name=og-url property=og:url><meta content=Science name=og-site-name property=og:site_name><meta name=og-description property=og:description><meta content=https://science.sciencemag.org/sites/default/files/highwire/sci/372/6537.cover-source.gif name=og-image property=og:image><script id=AAASdataLayer><!--//--><![CDATA[//><!--
AAASdataLayer = {"page":{"pageInfo":{"pageTitle":"RE: Pollution Threat of E-commerce in China","pageURL":"science.sciencemag.org/content/re-pollution-threat-e-commerce-china","pagePath":"re-pollution-threat-e-commerce-china","pageType":"other page","issueDate":"","pubDate":"2017-08-08 00:15:12"}},"user":{"memberID":"","institutionID":"","institution":"","accessMethod":"guest","registeredUser":"no","authenticated":"no"}}
//--><!]]></script><link rel="shortcut icon"href=https://science.sciencemag.org/sites/default/files/images/favicon.ico type=image/vnd.microsoft.icon><link title="Body (PDF)"href=/content/re-pollution-threat-e-commerce-china.body.pdf rel=alternate type=application/pdf><link href=/node/697676 rel=shortlink><link href rel=canonical><link title="RDF Concepts"href=/content/re-pollution-threat-e-commerce-china.concepts.rdf rel=alternate type=application/rdf+xml><link title="Full Text (Plain)"href=/content/re-pollution-threat-e-commerce-china.full.txt rel=alternate type=text/plain><link title="Complete Issue (PDF)"href=/content/re-pollution-threat-e-commerce-china.complete-issue.pdf rel=alternate type=application/pdf><link title="Full Text (PDF)"href=/content/re-pollution-threat-e-commerce-china.full.pdf rel=alternate type=application/pdf><link href rel=canonical><meta content="Drupal 7 (http://drupal.org)"name=Generator><link title="Full Text (EPUB)"href=/content/re-pollution-threat-e-commerce-china.full.epub rel=alternate type=application/epub+zip><link href=/content/re-pollution-threat-e-commerce-china.ppt rel=alternate title=Powerpoint type=application/vnd.ms-powerpoint><link title="Medium Image"href=/content/re-pollution-threat-e-commerce-china.medium.gif rel=alternate type=image/gif><link title="Large Image"href=/content/re-pollution-threat-e-commerce-china.large.jpg rel=alternate type=image/jpeg><link title="Table of Contents (PDF)"href=/content/re-pollution-threat-e-commerce-china.toc.pdf rel=alternate type=application/pdf><link href=/content/re-pollution-threat-e-commerce-china.xls rel=alternate title=Excel type=application/vnd.ms-excel><link title="Extract PDF"href=/content/re-pollution-threat-e-commerce-china.extract.pdf rel=alternate type=application/pdf><meta content=width name=MobileOptimized><meta content=true name=HandheldFriendly><meta charset=utf-8><meta content=width=device-width,initial-scale=1 name=viewport><meta content=on http-equiv=cleartype><meta content=IE=edge,chrome=1 http-equiv=X-UA-Compatible><script src=/sites/all/themes/shared/science_jcore/js/modernizr.js?version=3.3.1></script><script src=//assets.adobedtm.com/a48c09ba9d50/1e36ca10b673/launch-ea90f2ac46ad.min.js></script><link as=style href=/sites/all/themes/shared/science_jcore/library/css/style-jcore.css?qqpxsd onload=this.rel='stylesheet' rel=preload><link as=style href=https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto+Condensed:400,400i,700,700i|Roboto:400,400i,700&subset=cyrillic,cyrillic-ext,greek,greek-ext,latin-ext,vietnamese onload=this.rel='stylesheet' rel=preload><noscript><link href=/sites/all/themes/shared/science_jcore/library/css/style-jcore.css?qqpxsd rel=stylesheet> <link href=//fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto+Condensed:400,400i,700,700i|Roboto:400,400i,700&subset=cyrillic,cyrillic-ext,greek,greek-ext,latin-ext,vietnamese rel=preload></noscript><script>/*! loadCSS. [c]2017 Filament Group, Inc. MIT License */
      !function(a){"use strict";var b=function(b,c,d){function e(a){return h.body?a():void setTimeout(function(){e(a)})}function f(){i.addEventListener&&i.removeEventListener("load",f),i.media=d||"all"}var g,h=a.document,i=h.createElement("link");if(c)g=c;else{var j=(h.body||h.getElementsByTagName("head")[0]).childNodes;g=j[j.length-1]}var k=h.styleSheets;i.rel="stylesheet",i.href=b,i.media="only x",e(function(){g.parentNode.insertBefore(i,c?g:g.nextSibling)});var l=function(a){for(var b=i.href,c=k.length;c--;)if(k[c].href===b)return a();setTimeout(function(){l(a)})};return i.addEventListener&&i.addEventListener("load",f),i.onloadcssdefined=l,l(f),i};"undefined"!=typeof exports?exports.loadCSS=b:a.loadCSS=b}("undefined"!=typeof global?global:this);
/*! loadCSS rel=preload polyfill. [c]2017 Filament Group, Inc. MIT License */
!function(a){if(a.loadCSS){var b=loadCSS.relpreload={};if(b.support=function(){try{return a.document.createElement("link").relList.supports("preload")}catch(b){return!1}},b.poly=function(){for(var b=a.document.getElementsByTagName("link"),c=0;c<b.length;c++){var d=b[c];"preload"===d.rel&&"style"===d.getAttribute("as")&&(a.loadCSS(d.href,d,d.getAttribute("media")),d.rel=null)}},!b.support()){b.poly();var c=a.setInterval(b.poly,300);a.addEventListener&&a.addEventListener("load",function(){b.poly(),a.clearInterval(c)}),a.attachEvent&&a.attachEvent("onload",function(){a.clearInterval(c)})}}}(this);</script><script id=loadcss>/*! CSS rel=preload polyfill. Depends on loadCSS function. [c]2016 @scottjehl, Filament Group, Inc. Licensed MIT  */
(function( w ){
  // rel=preload support test
  if( !w.loadCSS ){
    return;
  }
  var rp = loadCSS.relpreload = {};
  rp.support = function(){
    try {
      return w.document.createElement( "link" ).relList.supports( "preload" );
    } catch (e) {
      return false;
    }
  };

  // loop preload links and fetch using loadCSS
  rp.poly = function(){
    var links = w.document.getElementsByTagName( "link" );
    for( var i = 0; i < links.length; i++ ){
      var link = links[ i ];
      if( link.rel === "preload" && link.getAttribute( "as" ) === "style" ){
        w.loadCSS( link.href, link );
        link.rel = null;
      }
    }
  };

  // if link[rel=preload] is not supported, we must fetch the CSS manually using loadCSS
  if( !rp.support() ){
    rp.poly();
    var run = w.setInterval( rp.poly, 300 );
    if( w.addEventListener ){
      w.addEventListener( "load", function(){
        w.clearInterval( run );
      } );
    }
    if( w.attachEvent ){
      w.attachEvent( "onload", function(){
        w.clearInterval( run );
      } )
    }
  }
}( this ));</script><body class="not-front no-sidebars node-type-highwire-comment path-content-re-pollution-threat-e-commerce-china"id=page-top><a class="element-invisible element-focusable"href=#main-content> Skip to main content </a><div class=gh__bgutil></div><header class="gh gh--down"id=gh_header><div class=gh__global><div class=gh-header-left><div class=gh__aaas><a href=//www.aaas.org> <svg preserveaspectratio="xMinYMin meet"viewbox="0 0 726 197"height=17 width=64 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg><title>AAAS</title><g fill=#fff fill-rule=evenodd><path d="M123.133 0c19.217 18.153 67.59 163.084 78.628 196.15V0h-78.628m27.194 195.835C139.29 162.11 97.407 18.803 75.137 0H0v195.826h1.627L74.354 4.856 13.58 195.827h1.944L81.821 17.828 26.623 195.826h2.595L89.288 33.39 40.044 195.668h2.27l31.064-66.625H65.91l30.194-80.089-22.727 80.08h6.816l-27.599 66.8h97.732m497.395-5.251c-1.882 0-4.705-.194-7.476-1.116-4.283-1.22-9.516-4.663-16.13-20.99-8.444-21.017-26.342-67.688-37.028-95.572L578.855 51.5c-2.278-5.875-3.237-7.588-5.154-7.588-1.909 0-2.823 1.748-5.163 8.186l-44.108 120.49c-3.737 10.363-7.476 16.563-15.55 17.617 0 0-.457.035-1.1.08-1.142-.177-2.33-.414-3.534-.818-4.284-1.22-9.517-4.663-16.131-20.99-8.452-21.052-26.368-67.776-37.08-95.696l-8.18-21.28c-2.278-5.875-3.228-7.588-5.154-7.588-1.909 0-2.815 1.748-5.163 8.186L388.43 172.588c-3.738 10.363-7.476 16.563-15.55 17.617 0 0-.457.035-1.099.08-1.143-.177-2.33-.414-3.527-.818-4.292-1.22-9.516-4.663-16.139-20.99-8.443-21.017-26.341-67.688-37.028-95.572L306.855 51.5c-2.278-5.875-3.228-7.588-5.154-7.588-1.908 0-2.814 1.748-5.163 8.186l-44.108 120.49c-3.737 10.363-7.475 16.563-15.55 17.617l-5.514.378c-1.61 0-2.691.852-2.691 2.107 0 2.503 3.131 2.503 4.635 2.503l17.528-.439 4.425-.15 4.933.212 10.22.377c3.193 0 3.862-1.36 3.862-2.503 0-.781-.37-2.107-2.885-2.107h-1.944c-2.489 0-6.438-1.265-6.438-4.682 0-3.407.941-7.913 2.665-12.673.009-.018 11.662-34.357 11.662-34.357.335-.844.704-.914 1.047-.914h41.768c.51 0 .625.08.906.642 0 .017 18.03 47.636 18.03 47.636.282.747.422 1.44.422 2.055 0 .457-.078.861-.246 1.203-.255.536-.615.703-.756.756-1.733.43-2.005 1.598-2.005 2.248 0 1.967 2.19 2.073 5.83 2.257l.889.044c7.3.21 16.13.343 25.312.378.282.009.546.017.775.017l.272-.008c1.39 0 2.797.008 4.196.008.818 0 1.53-.061 2.146-.166l10.906-.273 4.433-.15 4.925.212 10.228.377c3.193 0 3.862-1.36 3.862-2.503 0-.781-.379-2.107-2.885-2.107h-1.944c-2.49 0-6.438-1.265-6.438-4.682 0-3.407.94-7.913 2.665-12.673 0-.018 11.663-34.357 11.663-34.357.334-.844.703-.914 1.046-.914h41.768c.51 0 .625.08.906.642 0 .017 18.03 47.636 18.03 47.636.282.747.422 1.44.422 2.046 0 .466-.078.87-.246 1.212-.255.536-.616.703-.756.756-1.742.43-2.005 1.598-2.005 2.248 0 1.967 2.19 2.073 5.83 2.257l.889.044c7.3.21 16.13.343 25.312.378.282.009.546.017.775.017l.272-.008c1.39 0 2.797.008 4.195.008.818 0 1.53-.061 2.147-.166l10.914-.273 4.424-.15 4.934.212 10.22.377c3.193 0 3.862-1.36 3.862-2.503 0-.781-.379-2.107-2.885-2.107h-1.944c-2.49 0-6.438-1.265-6.438-4.682 0-3.407.941-7.913 2.665-12.673 0-.018 11.662-34.357 11.662-34.357.334-.844.704-.914 1.047-.914h41.768c.51 0 .625.08.906.642 0 .017 18.03 47.636 18.03 47.636.282.747.423 1.44.423 2.055 0 .457-.08.861-.247 1.203-.255.536-.616.703-.757.756-1.74.43-2.004 1.598-2.004 2.248 0 1.967 2.19 2.073 5.83 2.257l.889.044c8.68.255 19.525.395 30.554.395 3.21 0 4.83-.843 4.83-2.503 0-1.395-.969-2.107-2.886-2.107zm-58.197-61.496h-36.72c0-.018.008-.061.008-.061.027-.063 17.125-52.442 17.125-52.442.237-.72.422-1.098.553-1.308.133.21.326.597.563 1.308 0 .018 18.461 52.397 18.461 52.397 0-.008-.008-.008-.008 0 0 .01.008.062.018.106zm-136 0h-36.72c0-.018.008-.061.008-.061.027-.063 17.125-52.442 17.125-52.442.237-.72.422-1.098.554-1.308.14.21.325.588.563 1.308.008.018 18.46 52.397 18.46 52.397 0-.008-.008-.008-.008 0 0 .01.008.062.017.106zm-136 0h-36.72a299663.224 299663.224 0 0 1 17.133-52.503c.237-.72.422-1.098.554-1.308.14.21.325.597.563 1.308.008.018 18.46 52.397 18.46 52.397 0-.008-.008-.008-.008 0 0 .01.018.062.018.106zm336.231 61.689c-2.718-1.361-2.912-2.134-2.912-7.368 0-9.705.775-17.469.968-20.57.194-2.133.589-3.1 1.557-3.1 1.17 0 1.363.58 1.363 2.135 0 1.738 0 4.461.58 7.175 2.911 14.36 15.734 19.787 28.752 19.787 18.655 0 27.784-13.385 27.784-25.803 0-13.385-5.629-21.149-22.34-34.92l-8.743-7.184c-20.598-16.871-25.259-28.904-25.259-42.095 0-20.762 15.54-34.92 40.22-34.92 7.573 0 13.21.773 18.065 1.941 3.694.773 5.251.966 6.8.966 1.555 0 1.943.387 1.943 1.362 0 .966-.774 7.368-.774 20.56 0 3.109-.387 4.461-1.363 4.461-1.161 0-1.355-.966-1.557-2.52-.194-2.327-1.355-7.562-2.524-9.696-1.161-2.135-6.412-10.284-24.284-10.284-13.404 0-23.896 8.343-23.896 22.5 0 11.057 5.435 17.653 23.703 32.592l5.435 4.269c22.93 18.048 28.373 30.071 28.373 45.599 0 7.948-3.113 22.695-16.517 32.206-8.356 5.814-18.848 8.141-29.34 8.141-9.13 0-18.067-1.352-26.034-5.234z"stroke=#FFF stroke-width=.215></path></g></svg> </a></div><div class=gh__promo></div></div><div class=gh-header-right><div class="gh__user gh_logged-out"><a class=gh__sign-in> </a></div><a class=gh-science href=https://www.sciencemag.org id=gh__sciencemag_org> ScienceMag.org </a><div class=gh__search><a class=gh-search-btn href=javascript:void(0)> <svg preserveaspectratio="xMinYMin meet"viewbox="0 0 13 14"class=search-icon height=16 version=1.1 width=16 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink><title>Search</title><path d="M9 6.5q0-1.445-1.027-2.473t-2.473-1.027-2.473 1.027-1.027 2.473 1.027 2.473 2.473 1.027 2.473-1.027 1.027-2.473zM13 13q0 0.406-0.297 0.703t-0.703 0.297q-0.422 0-0.703-0.297l-2.68-2.672q-1.398 0.969-3.117 0.969-1.117 0-2.137-0.434t-1.758-1.172-1.172-1.758-0.434-2.137 0.434-2.137 1.172-1.758 1.758-1.172 2.137-0.434 2.137 0.434 1.758 1.172 1.172 1.758 0.434 2.137q0 1.719-0.969 3.117l2.68 2.68q0.289 0.289 0.289 0.703z"fill=#999></path></svg> <span class=gh__search-text> Search </span> </a><div class=gh-search-modal><a class=close href=javascript:void(0)> X </a><form class=form--searchbar id=gh__searchForm><div class="field-container--search gh-search-field-cover"><input placeholder="Keyword, Author, Surname or DOI"class=gh-search-field id=gh-search name=searchTerm><a id=gh__advanceSearch> Advanced Search </a></div></form></div></div></div></div><div class=gh__site><div class=gh__logo id=ghLogo><a href=//science.sciencemag.org> <svg preserveaspectratio="xMinYMin meet"viewbox="0 0 185 51"height=36 width=132 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg><title>Science</title><g fill=#fff><path d="M4.73010157 47.178324L2.62773215 50.4729356.394022053 50.4729356 0 33.9998776 1.57663929 33.9998776C4.33571213 41.5115553 8.40874288 48.6278429 16.5549881 48.6278429 22.3358151 48.6278429 25.2264123 45.0696991 25.2264123 39.7985042 25.2264123 35.4495801 23.1242266 32.2868265 18.7885145 30.4417338 15.1096895 28.8605406 12.613298 27.9379024 8.93428931 26.2248513 4.07303076 23.9843685 1.18243354 20.0310182 1.18243354 13.8371851 1.18243354 6.32550737 6.96362797.790596598 14.7154837.790596598 18.000103.790596598 22.2046581 2.24029916 24.5695252 4.21706613L26.5403703 1.0541288 28.9054211 1.0541288 29.2994431 17.1317967 27.7228038 17.1317967C25.0950717 9.09287093 21.9417931 3.03089576 13.4015258 3.03089576 11.5622052 3.03089576 6.83210359 4.74413053 6.83210359 10.2790413 6.83210359 14.6277817 8.67160795 16.9999388 12.613298 19.3720959 15.7665766 21.2170049 19.0511959 22.1396431 21.9417931 23.589162 27.1972574 26.2248513 31.1389475 29.1240728 31.1389475 36.3720347 31.1389475 44.9380248 24.7008659 51 16.029258 51 10.5111123 50.6046099 6.70076291 48.8913751 4.72991787 47.178324L4.73010157 47.178324zM32.7157704 33.6046711C32.7157704 24.9070066 38.2339161 16.8680809 47.0368647 16.8680809 53.606287 16.8680809 56.8909062 20.6897569 56.8909062 25.0386809 56.8909062 27.410838 55.577132 28.9922148 53.3434219 28.9922148 52.0296477 28.9922148 49.5332562 28.2014346 49.5332562 25.434071 49.5332562 22.5348496 50.3216677 22.4029916 50.3216677 21.0853306 49.927462 18.9767057 49.0077098 18.5813156 46.9055241 18.5813156 43.0951747 18.5813156 39.5476903 22.2713174 39.5476903 32.9457488 39.5476903 41.5115553 42.5696282 47.4418562 48.0879576 47.4418562 52.4238534 47.4418562 55.0515856 45.2013734 57.0224306 41.1161652L58.4677292 42.1704776C56.1026784 46.7829339 51.6354419 50.6046099 46.642659 50.6046099 37.3141639 50.6046099 32.7155867 43.356648 32.7155867 33.6044874L32.7157704 33.6046711zM62.2778949 4.48059833C62.2778949 2.10844124 64.1173993 0 66.4822664 0 69.1099985 0 70.8181622 1.84490904 70.8181622 4.21706613 70.8181622 6.72089749 68.9786578 8.82933873 66.4822664 8.82933873 64.1173993 8.82933873 62.2778949 6.85257177 62.2778949 4.48059833zM59.2561407 48.2324528C60.3070499 48.1007785 61.2268021 47.9689206 62.1465542 47.7053884 63.3289878 47.3099983 63.8545342 45.9921536 63.8545342 44.5426347L63.8545342 24.2479007C63.7231935 22.7983818 63.1976471 21.4805371 62.1465542 20.6899405 61.3581427 20.1628761 59.3874814 19.3720959 58.3362048 19.3720959L58.3362048 18.0542512 69.7670693 17.263471 70.1610914 17.7905354 70.1610914 44.1474282C70.1610914 45.5969472 70.8181622 46.7829339 71.869255 47.4418562 72.7890072 47.9689206 73.9714408 48.2324528 74.7596686 48.2324528L74.7596686 49.6821554 59.3872977 49.6821554 59.3872977 48.2324528 59.255957 48.2324528 59.2561407 48.2324528zM93.2855017 29.3874213C93.2855017 24.2480843 92.3657495 18.5813156 87.898513 18.5813156 84.0883473 18.5813156 81.3290908 22.930056 81.1977501 29.6511372L93.2855017 29.387605 93.2855017 29.3874213zM74.3656465 33.4728132C74.3656465 25.0386809 79.3584294 16.8680809 87.898513 16.8680809 96.7014616 16.8680809 99.9862646 23.1937719 99.9862646 30.4417338L99.9862646 31.1006561 81.1977501 31.1006561 81.1977501 31.8914363C81.1977501 40.9844909 83.8254822 47.4418562 90.3949045 47.4418562 95.125006 47.4418562 96.832986 45.4650892 99.1978531 41.1161652L100.511811 41.9069454C98.2781009 46.9147918 93.9423888 50.4729356 88.6869245 50.4729356 78.96404 50.6046099 74.3656465 42.8295836 74.3656465 33.4728132zM100.772264 47.9240602C101.81371 47.7937619 102.725021 47.6632818 103.63615 47.4025035 104.807913 47.0112452 105.328636 45.8376518 105.328636 44.2728001L105.328636 24.190143C105.198319 22.7557713 104.677596 21.3213996 103.63615 20.5388829 102.985291 20.0173263 101.553257 19.4957696 100.511811 19.3652896L100.511811 18.0612162 111.05659 17.2786995 111.577314 17.8002562 111.577314 22.494993 111.707449 22.494993C114.180929 19.8868462 116.524274 16.7571429 121.731505 16.7571429 127.459459 16.7571429 130.193392 21.1909196 130.193392 27.8415847L130.193392 44.0120218C130.193392 45.5766918 130.713933 46.6201685 131.755562 47.1417252 132.666873 47.5329835 133.447866 47.7937619 134.61963 47.9240602L134.61963 49.3586136 119.258207 49.3586136 119.258207 47.9240602C120.299471 47.7937619 121.340917 47.6632818 122.122093 47.4025035 123.293675 47.0112452 123.814398 45.8376518 123.814398 44.2728001L123.814398 27.7112864C123.814398 22.8862513 121.471235 20.2781046 118.867437 20.2781046 114.571517 20.2781046 112.098037 23.1470297 111.446996 24.8423614L111.446996 43.88136C111.446996 45.4462117 111.967901 46.4895068 113.009348 47.0110634 113.790341 47.5326201 114.962105 47.7935801 115.873416 47.7935801L115.873416 49.2279518 100.641764 49.2279518 100.641764 47.9238784 100.772082 47.9238784 100.772264 47.9240602zM133.447866 33.4491366C133.447866 24.8423614 138.91555 16.8874412 147.637707 16.8874412 154.146837 16.8874412 157.401493 20.6691812 157.401493 24.9726597 157.401493 27.3200281 156.099594 28.8848798 153.886567 28.8848798 152.584668 28.8848798 150.111188 28.1023631 150.111188 25.363918 150.111188 22.494993 150.892363 22.364513 150.892363 21.0606213 150.501776 18.9740312 149.590465 18.5827729 147.507572 18.5827729 143.732375 18.5827729 140.217449 22.2342147 140.217449 32.7970999 140.217449 41.273395 143.21147 47.1417252 148.679154 47.1417252 152.975256 47.1417252 155.579053 44.9246551 157.531628 40.8821367L158.963663 41.9254317C156.620318 46.4896885 152.19408 50.2714286 147.247302 50.2714286 138.004239 50.2714286 133.447866 43.0992068 133.447866 33.4489548L133.447866 33.4491366zM177.840194 29.2759564C177.840194 24.1903247 176.928701 18.5827729 172.502645 18.5827729 168.727266 18.5827729 165.993516 22.8860696 165.863198 29.5369165L177.840012 29.2761381 177.840194 29.2759564zM159.093798 33.3186565C159.093798 24.9726597 164.040758 16.8874412 172.502645 16.8874412 181.224803 16.8874412 184.479277 23.1470297 184.479277 30.3192514L184.479277 30.9712881 165.863198 30.9712881 165.863198 31.7538048C165.863198 40.7518384 168.466996 47.1417252 174.975944 47.1417252 179.662634 47.1417252 181.354938 45.1856151 183.698283 40.8821367L185 41.6646534C182.78679 46.6201685 178.49087 50.1411303 173.283639 50.1411303 163.520035 50.2714286 159.093798 42.5776501 159.093798 33.3186565z"></path></g></svg> </a></div><div class=gh__nav-search id=ghNavSearch><nav class=gh__nav id=gh__nav-main><ul class=gh__nav-menu><li class="gh__nav-item gh__menu-container"><a class=gh__nav-link href=#> <span class=gh__nav-link-text> Contents </span> <svg preserveaspectratio="xMinYMin meet"viewbox="0 0 8 14"class=gh__nav-caret height=5 version=1.1 width=8 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink><path d="M8 5.5q0 0.203-0.148 0.352l-3.5 3.5q-0.148 0.148-0.352 0.148t-0.352-0.148l-3.5-3.5q-0.148-0.148-0.148-0.352t0.148-0.352 0.352-0.148h7q0.203 0 0.352 0.148t0.148 0.352z"fill=#fff></path></svg> </a><li class="gh__nav-item gh__menu-container"><a class=gh__nav-link href=#> <span class=gh__nav-link-text> News </span> <svg preserveaspectratio="xMinYMin meet"viewbox="0 0 8 14"class=gh__nav-caret height=5 version=1.1 width=8 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink><path d="M8 5.5q0 0.203-0.148 0.352l-3.5 3.5q-0.148 0.148-0.352 0.148t-0.352-0.148l-3.5-3.5q-0.148-0.148-0.148-0.352t0.148-0.352 0.352-0.148h7q0.203 0 0.352 0.148t0.148 0.352z"fill=#fff></path></svg> </a><li class="gh__nav-item gh__menu-container"><a class=gh__nav-link href=#> <span class=gh__nav-link-text> Careers </span> <svg preserveaspectratio="xMinYMin meet"viewbox="0 0 8 14"class=gh__nav-caret height=5 version=1.1 width=8 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink><path d="M8 5.5q0 0.203-0.148 0.352l-3.5 3.5q-0.148 0.148-0.352 0.148t-0.352-0.148l-3.5-3.5q-0.148-0.148-0.148-0.352t0.148-0.352 0.352-0.148h7q0.203 0 0.352 0.148t0.148 0.352z"fill=#fff></path></svg> </a><li class="gh__nav-item gh__menu-container"><a class=gh__nav-link href=#> <span class=gh__nav-link-text> Journals </span> <svg preserveaspectratio="xMinYMin meet"viewbox="0 0 8 14"class=gh__nav-caret height=5 version=1.1 width=8 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink><path d="M8 5.5q0 0.203-0.148 0.352l-3.5 3.5q-0.148 0.148-0.352 0.148t-0.352-0.148l-3.5-3.5q-0.148-0.148-0.148-0.352t0.148-0.352 0.352-0.148h7q0.203 0 0.352 0.148t0.148 0.352z"fill=#fff></path></svg> </a></ul></nav><div class=gh_inst></div></div><div class=gh__toggle><svg preserveaspectratio="xMinYMin meet"viewbox="0 0 12 14"class=gh__toggle-button height=24 version=1.1 width=24 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink><title>Menu</title><path d="M12 10.5v1q0 0.203-0.148 0.352t-0.352 0.148h-11q-0.203 0-0.352-0.148t-0.148-0.352v-1q0-0.203 0.148-0.352t0.352-0.148h11q0.203 0 0.352 0.148t0.148 0.352zM12 6.5v1q0 0.203-0.148 0.352t-0.352 0.148h-11q-0.203 0-0.352-0.148t-0.148-0.352v-1q0-0.203 0.148-0.352t0.352-0.148h11q0.203 0 0.352 0.148t0.148 0.352zM12 2.5v1q0 0.203-0.148 0.352t-0.352 0.148h-11q-0.203 0-0.352-0.148t-0.148-0.352v-1q0-0.203 0.148-0.352t0.352-0.148h11q0.203 0 0.352 0.148t0.148 0.352z"fill=#fff></path></svg></div></div></header><div id=coronalert onclick=location.href='https://www.sciencemag.org/coronavirus-research-commentary-and-news?intcmp=sci_cov'><p><a href=https://www.sciencemag.org/coronavirus-research-commentary-and-news?intcmp=sci_cov> Read our COVID-19 research and news. </a></div><div class=row--gh-ad><div class=container--gh-ad><div id=aaas-oas_Top></div></div></div><div role=main><div class=row><div class=container><div class="region region-content content"><a id=main-content> </a><div id=block-system-main><article class="node node-highwire-comment node-promoted"><footer class=submitted>Tue, 2017-08-08 00:18 -- <span class=username> 41612099 </span></footer><div><div class="field field-name-field-highwire-c-agreement field-type-list-boolean field-label-above"><div class=field-label>Agreement: </div><div class=field-items><div class="field-item even">I do not Agree</div></div></div><div class="field field-name-field-highwire-c-response-body field-type-text-long field-label-above"><div class=field-label>Body: </div><div class=field-items><div class="field-item even"><p>The data from Statista, a German statistical firm, show that China is by far the biggest market for online retail. China’s Business-to-Customer e-commerce turnover amounted to 975 billion U.S. dollars in 2016, 33.5% higher than the United States. However, the waste material from the packages has been a heavy environmental burden with China’s e-commerce booming.<p>The packaging of E-commerce used by express industry includes the wide variety of materials such as waybills, cartons, plastic bags, woven bags, envelopes, tapes and foam fillers. On the national scale, about 8.3 billion plastic bags, 9.9 billion cartons and 17 billion meters of adhesive tapes were expended in 2015[1]. And express packaging generated over 4 million tons of waste. On the regional scale, Eastern China produced over 100 million tons of consumption wastes in 2015, while the figures were 46 million in Central China and 40 million in Western China. The Investment in Anti-pollution Projects as Percentage of GDP accounted for 14%, 10.5% and 23.3%, respectively in Eastern, Central and Western Region. Obviously, Western China is suffering the largest pollution burden because of the imbalance of economic and technological development.<p>The vast majority of waste packaging can only be buried or incinerated, creating worse environment pollution[2]. The incomplete recycling system has caused a low recovery rate of less than 20%. There is no a national standard to regulate the packaging of online goods trading in China yet. It’s urgent for China to tackle the vicious cycle of pollution and waste caused by fast developing E-commerce[3].<p>References: <br> 1.“The 2016 reports on the development of Green Packaging Materials of State Post Bureau,” China Post and Express News, <a href=http://www.sohu.com/a/117303490_465189> http://www.sohu.com/a/117303490_465189 </a> (2016). <br> 2.N. Wigginton, J. Yeston, D. Malakoff, More treasure than trash. Science. 337, 662-663 (2012). <br> 3.B. Singh et al., Full speed ahead to the city on the hill. Science. 352, 886-889 (2016).</div></div></div><div class="field field-name-field-highwire-c-competing-int field-type-list-boolean field-label-above"><div class=field-label>No competing Interests: </div><div class=field-items><div class="field-item even">Yes</div></div></div><div class="field field-name-field-highwire-c-competing field-type-text-long field-label-above"><div class=field-label>The following competing Interests: </div><div class=field-items><div class="field-item even"></div></div></div><div class="field field-name-field-highwire-a-epubdate field-type-datetime field-label-above"><div class=field-label>Electronic Publication Date: </div><div class=field-items><div class="field-item even"><span class=date-display-single> Tuesday, August 8, 2017 - 00:15 </span></div></div></div><div class="field field-name-field-highwire-c-subject field-type-node-reference field-label-above"><div class=field-label>Highwire Comment Subject: </div><div class=field-items><div class="field-item even"><a data-hide-link-title=0 data-icon-position href=/content/337/6095/662> More Treasure Than Trash </a></div></div></div><div class="field field-name-field-highwire-a-state field-type-list-text field-label-above"><div class=field-label>Workflow State: </div><div class=field-items><div class="field-item even">Released</div></div></div><div class="field field-name-field-highwire-a-contributors field-type-nlmfield-contributor field-label-above"><div class=field-label>Contributors: </div><div class=field-items><div class="field-item even"><pre>&LTcontrib xmlns="http://schema.highwire.org/NLM/Journal" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" xmlns:hwp="http://schema.highwire.org/Journal" xmlns:nlm="http://schema.highwire.org/NLM/Journal">&LTname>&LTsurname>Yang&LT/surname>&LTgiven-names>Kun&LT/given-names>&LT/name>&LTemail>kmdcynu@163.com&LT/email>&LTrole>Professor&LT/role>&LTaff>School of Information Science and Technology, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, China.&LT/aff>&LT/contrib></pre></div><div class="field-item odd"><pre>&LTcontrib xmlns="http://schema.highwire.org/NLM/Journal" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" xmlns:hwp="http://schema.highwire.org/Journal" xmlns:nlm="http://schema.highwire.org/NLM/Journal">&LTname>&LTsurname>Lu&LT/surname>&LTgiven-names>Xixi&LT/given-names>&LT/name>&LTemail>geoluxx@nus.edu.sg&LT/email>&LTrole>Professor&LT/role>&LTaff>Department of Geography, National University of Singapore, 117570, Singapore.&LT/aff>&LT/contrib></pre></div><div class="field-item even"><pre>&LTcontrib xmlns="http://schema.highwire.org/NLM/Journal" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" xmlns:hwp="http://schema.highwire.org/Journal" xmlns:nlm="http://schema.highwire.org/NLM/Journal">&LTname>&LTsurname>Li&LT/surname>&LTgiven-names>Mingchan&LT/given-names>&LT/name>&LTemail>hello_lmc@126.com&LT/email>&LTrole>Postgraduate&LT/role>&LTaff>The Engineering Research Center of GIS Technology in Western China, Ministry of Education of China.&LT/aff>&LT/contrib></pre></div><div class="field-item odd"><pre>&LTcontrib xmlns="http://schema.highwire.org/NLM/Journal" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" xmlns:hwp="http://schema.highwire.org/Journal" xmlns:nlm="http://schema.highwire.org/NLM/Journal">&LTname>&LTsurname>Yang&LT/surname>&LTgiven-names>Rongfeng&LT/given-names>&LT/name>&LTemail>15025192371@163.com&LT/email>&LTrole>Postgraduate&LT/role>&LTaff>The Engineering Research Center of GIS Technology in Western China, Ministry of Education of China.&LT/aff>&LT/contrib></pre></div><div class="field-item even"><pre>&LTcontrib xmlns="http://schema.highwire.org/NLM/Journal" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" xmlns:hwp="http://schema.highwire.org/Journal" xmlns:nlm="http://schema.highwire.org/NLM/Journal">&LTname>&LTsurname>Zhang&LT/surname>&LTgiven-names>Shaohua&LT/given-names>&LT/name>&LTemail>shaohuazhanggis@163.com&LT/email>&LTrole>Ph.D. candidate&LT/role>&LTaff>The Engineering Research Center of GIS Technology in Western China, Ministry of Education of China.&LT/aff>&LT/contrib></pre></div></div></div><div class="field field-name-field-highwire-a-full-title field-type-text-long field-label-above"><div class=field-label>Full Title: </div><div class=field-items><div class="field-item even"><p>RE: Pollution Threat of E-commerce in China</div></div></div><div class="field field-name-field-highwire-c-response-to field-type-node-reference field-label-above"><div class=field-label>Highwire Comment Response to: </div><div class=field-items><div class="field-item even"><a data-hide-link-title=0 data-icon-position href=/content/337/6095/662> More Treasure Than Trash </a></div></div></div><div class="field field-name-field-highwire-c-show-anonymous field-type-list-boolean field-label-above"><div class=field-label>Check this box if you would like your letter to appear anonymously:: </div><div class=field-items><div class="field-item even"></div></div></div></div><div class=clearfix><nav class="links node-links clearfix"><ul class="media__meta list-compact"><li class="full first last"><a data-hide-link-title=0 data-icon-position href=/content/re-pollution-threat-e-commerce-china> Read more... </a></ul></nav></div></article></div></div></div></div></div><div class="row row--alt row--promo"><div class="region region-pre-footer pre--footer container--promo container"><div class=primary><h2 class="subsection-title heading--block"><a href=https://science.sciencemag.org/content/current target=_blank> Read the Latest Issue of <em> Science </em> </a></h2><div class="primary__main promo-foot--mag"><div class=promo-foot--current><div class="highwire-article-citation highwire-citation-type-highwire-issue"data-apath=/sci/372/6537.atom data-pisa=sci;372/6537 data-pisa-master=sci;372/6537 id=sci3726537atom><h3>2 April 2021</h3><p class=promo-foot__meta>Vol 372, Issue 6537</p><a data-hide-link-title=0 data-icon-position href=https://science.sciencemag.org/content/current target=_blank> <img alt="Magazine Cover"class=promo-foot__cover src=https://science.sciencemag.org/sites/default/files/styles/sci_footer_promo_cover/public/externals/4dc0a86f6747fc572b6c24f8103f9bf2.gif?itok=Twwk84QP> </a></div><p><a class="btn--cta btn--cta--small"data-hide-link-title=0 data-icon-position href=http://science.sciencemag.org/content/372/6537> Table of Contents </a></div><div class=promo-foot--heds><ul class="media-grid media-grid--2 media-grid--minor"><li class=first><div class="highwire-article-citation highwire-citation-type-highwire-article"data-apath=/sci/372/6537/20.atom data-pisa=sci;372/6537/20 data-pisa-master=sci;372/6537/20 id=sci372653720atom><h3 class=overline>Feature</h3><a class=highwire-cite-linked-title data-hide-link-title=0 data-icon-position href=/content/372/6537/20> <span class=highwire-cite-title> A plateful of medicine </span> </a></div><li><div class="highwire-article-citation highwire-citation-type-highwire-article"data-apath=/sci/372/6537/36.atom data-pisa=sci;372/6537/36 data-pisa-master=sci;372/6537/36 id=sci372653736atom><h3 class=overline>Education</h3><a class=highwire-cite-linked-title data-hide-link-title=0 data-icon-position href=/content/372/6537/36> <span class=highwire-cite-title> India's new National Education Policy: Evidence and challenges </span> </a></div><li><div class="highwire-article-citation highwire-citation-type-highwire-article"data-apath=/sci/372/6537/40.atom data-pisa=sci;372/6537/40 data-pisa-master=sci;372/6537/40 id=sci372653740atom><h3 class=overline>Film</h3><a class=highwire-cite-linked-title data-hide-link-title=0 data-icon-position href=/content/372/6537/40> <span class=highwire-cite-title> Stewart Brand's radical environmentalism </span> </a></div><li><div class="highwire-article-citation highwire-citation-type-highwire-article"data-apath=/sci/372/6537/10.atom data-pisa=sci;372/6537/10 data-pisa-master=sci;372/6537/10 id=sci372653710atom><h3 class=overline>SCI COMMUN</h3><a class=highwire-cite-linked-title data-hide-link-title=0 data-icon-position href=/content/372/6537/10> <span class=highwire-cite-title> News at a glance </span> </a></div><li><div class="highwire-article-citation highwire-citation-type-highwire-article"data-apath=/sci/372/6537/27.atom data-pisa=sci;372/6537/27 data-pisa-master=sci;372/6537/27 id=sci372653727atom><h3 class=overline>Astronomy</h3><a class=highwire-cite-linked-title data-hide-link-title=0 data-icon-position href=/content/372/6537/27> <span class=highwire-cite-title> Hydrated crust stores Mars' missing water </span> </a></div><li class=last><div class="highwire-article-citation highwire-citation-type-highwire-article"data-apath=/sci/372/6537/98.atom data-pisa=sci;372/6537/98 data-pisa-master=sci;372/6537/98 id=sci372653798atom><h3 class=overline>Working Life</h3><a class=highwire-cite-linked-title data-hide-link-title=0 data-icon-position href=/content/372/6537/98> <span class=highwire-cite-title> Choosing from the heart </span> </a></div></ul></div></div><div class=primary__secondary><div id=aaas-util-foot-1></div></div></div><div class=secondary><div id=aaas-util-foot-2></div></div></div></div><div class="row row--footnav"><div class="region region-footer-nav footer--nav container"><footer class=site-footer id=block-menu-menu-footer-nav role=contentinfo><ul class=nav-footer><li class=expanded><a data-hide-link-title=0 data-icon-position data-is-collapsed=1 data-is-collapsible=0 href=//sciencemag.org/about/about-us> About Us </a> <ul class=nav-footer__subnav><li><a data-hide-link-title=0 data-icon-position href=//sciencemag.org/journals/> Journals </a><li><a data-hide-link-title=0 data-icon-position href=//sciencemag.org/news/about-news-science> News from Science </a><li><a data-hide-link-title=0 data-icon-position href=//www.sciencemag.org/about/leadership-and-management> Leadership </a><li><a data-hide-link-title=0 data-icon-position data-is-collapsed=1 data-is-collapsible=0 href=//sciencemag.org/about/team-members> Team Members </a><li><a data-hide-link-title=0 data-icon-position href=//aaas.org/page/employment-aaas> Work at AAAS </a></ul><li class=expanded><a data-hide-link-title=0 data-icon-position href=//advertising.sciencemag.org/> For Advertisers </a> <ul class=nav-footer__subnav><li><a data-hide-link-title=0 data-icon-position href=//advertising.sciencemag.org/> Advertising Kits </a><li><a data-hide-link-title=0 data-icon-position href=//sciencemag.org/prizes> Awards and Prizes </a><li><a data-hide-link-title=0 data-icon-position href=//sciencemag.org/custom-publishing> Custom Publishing </a><li><a data-hide-link-title=0 data-icon-position href=//sciencemag.org/custom-publishing/webinars> Webinars </a></ul><li class=expanded><a data-hide-link-title=0 data-icon-position href=//sciencemag.org/authors/contributing-science-family-journals> For Authors </a> <ul class=nav-footer__subnav><li><a data-hide-link-title=0 data-icon-position href=//cts.sciencemag.org/scc/#/login> Submit </a><li><a data-hide-link-title=0 data-icon-position href=//sciencemag.org/authors/contributing-science-family-journals> Information for Authors </a><li><a data-hide-link-title=0 data-icon-position href=//sciencemag.org/authors/science-journals-editorial-policies> Editorial Policies </a></ul><li class=expanded><a data-hide-link-title=0 data-icon-position href=//sciencemag.org/librarian> For Librarians </a> <ul class=nav-footer__subnav><li><a data-hide-link-title=0 data-icon-position href=//science.sciencemag.org/librarian-admin-portal> Manage Your Institutional Subscription </a><li><a data-hide-link-title=0 data-icon-position href=//sciencemag.org/librarian> Information for Librarians </a><li><a data-hide-link-title=0 data-icon-position href=//sciencemag.org/subscribe-form/request-institutional-price-quote-or-complimentary-trial-online-resources> Request a Quote </a><li><a data-hide-link-title=0 data-icon-position href=//sciencemag.org/librarian-portal-frequently-asked-questions> FAQs </a></ul><li class=expanded><a data-hide-link-title=0 data-icon-position href=//sciencemag.org/related-sites> Related Sites </a> <ul class=nav-footer__subnav><li><a data-hide-link-title=0 data-icon-position data-is-collapsed=1 data-is-collapsible=0 href=//www.aaas.org target=_blank> AAAS.org </a><li><a data-hide-link-title=0 data-icon-position data-is-collapsed=1 data-is-collapsible=0 href=//www.eurekalert.org target=_blank> EurekAlert! </a><li><a data-hide-link-title=0 data-icon-position data-is-collapsed=1 data-is-collapsible=0 href=//www.scienceintheclassroom.org target=_blank> Science in the Classroom </a><li><a data-hide-link-title=0 data-icon-position data-is-collapsed=1 data-is-collapsible=0 href=http://sciencemag.jp target=_blank> Science Magazine Japanese </a></ul><li class=expanded><a data-hide-link-title=0 data-icon-position href=//sciencemag.org/help> Help </a> <ul class=nav-footer__subnav><li><a data-hide-link-title=0 data-icon-position href=//sciencemag.org/subscriptions> Access and Subscriptions </a><li><a data-hide-link-title=0 data-icon-position href=//backissues.sciencemag.org/> Order a Single Issue </a><li><a data-hide-link-title=0 data-icon-position href=//sciencemag.org/help/reprints-and-permissions> Reprints and Permissions </a><li><a data-hide-link-title=0 data-icon-position data-is-collapsed=1 data-is-collapsible=0 href=//sciencemag.org/about/contact-us> Contact Us </a><li><a data-hide-link-title=0 data-icon-position href=//sciencemag.org/about/accessibility> Accessibility </a></ul><li class=expanded><a data-hide-link-title=0 data-icon-position data-is-collapsed=1 data-is-collapsible=0 href=//www.sciencemag.org/about/email-alerts-and-rss-feeds> Stay Connected </a> <div class=nav-footer__subnav><ul class=social__list><li><a class="social__icon link-icon-only link-icon"data-is-collapsed=1 data-is-collapsible=0 href=https://www.facebook.com/ScienceMagazine target=_blank title=Facebook> <i class="fa fa-facebook fa-md"> </i> <span class="title element-invisible"> Facebook </span> </a><li><a class="social__icon link-icon-only link-icon"data-is-collapsed=1 data-is-collapsible=0 href=https://twitter.com/sciencemagazine target=_blank title=Twitter> <i class="fa fa-twitter fa-md"> </i> <span class="title element-invisible"> Twitter </span> </a><li><a class="social__icon link-icon-only link-icon"data-is-collapsed=1 data-is-collapsible=0 href=https://www.instagram.com/ScienceMagazine target=_blank title=Instagram> <i class="fa fa-instagram fa-md"> </i> <span class="title element-invisible"> Instagram </span> </a><li><a class="social__icon link-icon-only link-icon"data-is-collapsed=1 data-is-collapsible=0 href=https://www.youtube.com/user/ScienceMag target=_blank title=YouTube> <i class="fa fa-youtube-play fa-md"> </i> <span class="title element-invisible"> YouTube </span> </a><li><a class="social__icon link-icon-only link-icon"title="RSS Feeds"data-is-collapsed=1 data-is-collapsible=0 href=//www.sciencemag.org/about/email-alerts-and-rss-feeds> <i class="fa fa-rss fa-md"> </i> <span class="title element-invisible"> RSS Feeds </span> </a><li><a class="social__icon link-icon-only link-icon"data-is-collapsed=1 data-is-collapsible=0 href=https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzI3NDY3NzQ2Mg==&mid=100002815&idx=1&sn=2949c025a553ac718b9612a0473b9f60&chksm=6b1120465c66a9508b01eaef1589b15d440e50b189106c8c594de8c6471f696a978de952fb15&mpshare=1&scene=1&srcid=0716JJQ5V4cKbgMMsya2MQ0n&sharer_sharetime= target=_blank title=WeChat> <i class="fa fa-weixin fa-md"> </i> <span class="title element-invisible"> WeChat </span> </a></ul></div></ul></footer></div></div><div class="row row--footer"id=sci-footer-end><div class="container container--footer"><div class=footer__header><div class=site-logo--footer><a data-hide-link-title=0 data-icon-position href=https://www.aaas.org> <img alt=Science/AAAS src=https://science.sciencemag.org/sites/all/themes/shared/science_jcore/library/images/logo-aaas.svg> </a></div></div><div class=footer__body id=block-panels-mini-science-footer-body><div class="panel-pane pane-snippet pane-science-copyright-text copyright-statement"><div class=pane-content><div class=science-copyright-text id=science-copyright-text><div class=snippet-content><p>© 2021 <a href=//www.aaas.org target=_blank> American Association for the Advancement of Science </a> . All rights reserved. AAAS is a partner of  <a href=//www.who.int/hinari/en/ target=_blank> HINARI </a> ,  <a href=http://www.fao.org/agora/en/ target=_blank> AGORA </a> , <a href=http://www.unep.org/oare/ target=_blank> OARE </a> , <a href=//www.chorusaccess.org target=_blank> CHORUS </a> ,  <a href=//www.clockss.org target=_blank> CLOCKSS </a> ,  <a href=//www.crossref.org target=_blank> CrossRef </a>  and  <a href=//www.projectcounter.org target=_blank> COUNTER </a> . <br> <em> Science </em> ISSN 1095-9203.</div></div></div></div><div><ul class=footlinks><li><a data-hide-link-title=0 data-icon-position data-is-collapsed=1 data-is-collapsible=0 href=//www.sciencemag.org/about/terms-service> Terms of Service </a><li><a data-hide-link-title=0 data-icon-position data-is-collapsed=1 data-is-collapsible=0 href=//www.sciencemag.org/about/privacy-policy> Privacy Policy </a><li><a data-hide-link-title=0 data-icon-position data-is-collapsed=1 data-is-collapsible=0 href=//www.aaas.org/contact-aaas target=_blank> Contact AAAS </a></ul></div></div></div></div><script src=https://science.sciencemag.org/sites/default/files/advagg_js/js__yOhrJUBmMpN-jsuQlJYmS8ovkQU6I6KInr295HrSTb0__kNZOwQe90NfE8C-hWOgsFXPKntAJ9VAwAGq-qlrYUcQ__hEvyMjFAsIzetzhjTtUHepyyk8Cxz5Cq8tibqxH07CA.js></script><script><!--//--><![CDATA[//><!--
;var _prum=[['id','568d96eaabe53dc70c276890'],['mark','firstbyte',(new Date()).getTime()]];(function(){var t=document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0],e=document.createElement('script');e.async='async';e.src='//rum-static.pingdom.net/prum.min.js';t.parentNode.insertBefore(e,t)})();
//--><!]]></script><script><!--//--><![CDATA[//><!--
;document.createElement('picture');
//--><!]]></script><script src=https://science.sciencemag.org/sites/default/files/advagg_js/js__5UcI6MVS-SU4c07yqAM7HyZSpEa_-90WYATP_It3LIY__Z1qoFzUowDOKv2b7EmhvhO4Izn7pYNa2-FNdFEyLAIc__hEvyMjFAsIzetzhjTtUHepyyk8Cxz5Cq8tibqxH07CA.js></script><script><!--//--><![CDATA[//><!--
(function(a,c,o,s,e,n,t){a['GoogleAnalyticsObject']=e;a[e]=a[e]||function(){(a[e].q=a[e].q||[]).push(arguments)},a[e].l=1*new Date();n=c.createElement(o),t=c.getElementsByTagName(o)[0];n.async=1;n.src=s;t.parentNode.insertBefore(n,t)})(window,document,'script','//www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js','ga');ga('create','UA-189672-10',{'cookieDomain':'auto'});ga('set','anonymizeIp',!0);ga('send','pageview');
//--><!]]></script><script src=https://science.sciencemag.org/sites/default/files/advagg_js/js__0QqC6_xmSdp1IlNUAVl8Uavx6_onowO-QJ0x1xvQbKA__gC2cThA2we5hTYNmNOnQLdVZbSOj9EgP4c9olyys8SE__hEvyMjFAsIzetzhjTtUHepyyk8Cxz5Cq8tibqxH07CA.js></script><script src=https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/ally.js/1.4.1/ally.min.js></script><script src=//cdn.rawgit.com/ricmoo/aes-js/e27b99df/index.js></script><script src=//assets.sciencemag.org/js/global-header-bundle.js></script><script src=https://science.sciencemag.org/sites/default/files/advagg_js/js__iE7XNbOq8Sj88J7FN0ahmQjRoNBaznjAjckiFmRS4VI__-WtG-sf4F1ZZ5d31j6ew2DQF2_DHQ8jSj6bRy_WBEAk__hEvyMjFAsIzetzhjTtUHepyyk8Cxz5Cq8tibqxH07CA.js></script><script><!--//--><![CDATA[//><!--
;jQuery.extend(Drupal.settings,{"basePath":"\/","pathPrefix":"","ajaxPageState":{"theme":"science_jcore","theme_token":"aoWYuD_NG3jaTLBirrEkoFRshWQlc9jJGvQgKqaqaHA","css":{"modules\/system\/system.base.css":1,"modules\/system\/system.menus.css":1,"modules\/system\/system.messages.css":1,"modules\/system\/system.theme.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/date\/date_api\/date.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/date\/date_popup\/themes\/datepicker.1.7.css":1,"modules\/field\/theme\/field.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/highwire_draw\/css\/highwire-draw.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/highwire_folders\/highwire_folders.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/highwire_responsive\/css\/highwire-responsive.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/highwire_saved_searches\/highwire_saved_searches.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/highwire_user\/highwire_user.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/shared\/jnl_sci_styles\/css\/jnl_sci_styles.css":1,"modules\/node\/node.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/picture\/picture_wysiwyg.css":1,"modules\/search\/search.css":1,"modules\/user\/user.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/views\/css\/views.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/ckeditor\/css\/ckeditor.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/colorbox\/styles\/default\/colorbox_style.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/ctools\/css\/ctools.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/highwire.style.highwire.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/css\/nlm-elements.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/panels\/css\/panels.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/forward\/forward.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/css\/highwire.gtranslate.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/highwire_theme_tools\/css\/font-hwicons.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/highwire_theme_tools\/css\/font-hwicons-glyphs.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/shared\/science_jcore\/library\/css\/critical-jcore.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/shared\/science_jcore\/library\/css\/drupal-specific.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/shared\/science_jcore\/css\/global.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/shared\/science_jcore\/css\/temp.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/shared\/science_jcore\/system.theme.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/shared\/science_jcore\/system.base.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/shared\/science_jcore\/system.menus.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/shared\/science_jcore\/system.messages.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/shared\/science_jcore\/field.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/shared\/science_jcore\/date.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/shared\/science_jcore\/datepicker.1.7.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/shared\/science_jcore\/search_api_page.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/shared\/science_jcore\/jquery.ui.theme.min.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/shared\/science_jcore\/highwire_lens.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/shared\/science_jcore\/highwire_issue_archive.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/shared\/science_jcore\/highwire-article-citation-list.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/shared\/science_jcore\/highwire_search.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/shared\/science_jcore\/highwire_search_results_tool.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/shared\/science_jcore\/highwire_user.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/shared\/science_jcore\/highwire_folders.css":1},"js":{"sites\/all\/libraries\/enquire.js\/enquire.min.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/picture\/picturefill2\/picturefill.min.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/picture\/picture.min.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/shared\/jnl_sci_styles\/js\/jnl_sci_cookie_domain.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/jquery_update\/replace\/jquery\/1.8\/jquery.min.js":1,"misc\/jquery-extend-3.4.0.js":1,"misc\/jquery.once.js":1,"misc\/drupal.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/js\/highwire.equal-heights.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/js\/highwire.panels-ajax-tab.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/shared\/jnl_sci_styles\/js\/jnl_sci_script.js":1,"sites\/all\/libraries\/colorbox\/jquery.colorbox-min.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/colorbox\/js\/colorbox.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/colorbox\/styles\/default\/colorbox_style.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/highwire_log\/highwire_log.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/highwire_user\/js\/highwire_user_meta.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/panels\/js\/panels.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/google_analytics\/googleanalytics.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/js\/highwire.gtranslate.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/shared\/jnl_sci_data_layer\/js\/jnl_sci_user_data.js":1,"https:\/\/cdnjs.cloudflare.com\/ajax\/libs\/ally.js\/1.4.1\/ally.min.js":1,"\/\/cdn.rawgit.com\/ricmoo\/aes-js\/e27b99df\/index.js":1,"\/\/assets.sciencemag.org\/js\/global-header-bundle.js":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/shared\/science_jcore\/library\/js\/fontfaceobserver.js":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/shared\/science_jcore\/library\/js\/jquery.sticky.js":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/shared\/science_jcore\/library\/js\/jquery.stickyHeader.js":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/shared\/science_jcore\/library\/js\/jquery.switchPng.js":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/shared\/science_jcore\/library\/js\/mediaelement-and-player.min.js":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/shared\/science_jcore\/library\/js\/respondTable.js":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/shared\/science_jcore\/js\/script.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/highwire_responsive\/js\/highwire-mediaqueries.js":1}},"colorbox":{"opacity":"0.85","current":"{current} of {total}","previous":"\u00ab Prev","next":"Next \u00bb","close":"Close","maxWidth":"98%","maxHeight":"98%","fixed":true,"mobiledetect":true,"mobiledevicewidth":"480px"},"highwire":{"nid":"697676","AAASdataLayer":"{\u0022page\u0022:{\u0022pageInfo\u0022:{\u0022pageTitle\u0022:\u0022RE: Pollution Threat of E-commerce in China\u0022,\u0022pageURL\u0022:\u0022science.sciencemag.org\\\/content\\\/re-pollution-threat-e-commerce-china\u0022,\u0022pagePath\u0022:\u0022re-pollution-threat-e-commerce-china\u0022,\u0022pageType\u0022:\u0022other page\u0022,\u0022issueDate\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022pubDate\u0022:\u00222017-08-08 00:15:12\u0022}},\u0022user\u0022:{\u0022memberID\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022institutionID\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022institution\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022accessMethod\u0022:\u0022guest\u0022,\u0022registeredUser\u0022:\u0022no\u0022,\u0022authenticated\u0022:\u0022no\u0022}}"},"jcarousel":{"ajaxPath":"\/jcarousel\/ajax\/views"},"highwireResponsive":{"enquire_enabled":1,"breakpoints_configured":1,"breakpoints":{"zero":"(min-width: 0px)","small":"(min-width: 480px)","med":"(min-width: 768px)","med2":"(min-width: 900px)","med3":"(min-width: 1025px)","large":"(min-width: 1100px)"}},"googleanalytics":{"trackOutbound":1,"trackMailto":1,"trackDownload":1,"trackDownloadExtensions":"7z|aac|arc|arj|asf|asx|avi|bin|csv|doc(x|m)?|dot(x|m)?|exe|flv|gif|gz|gzip|hqx|jar|jpe?g|js|mp(2|3|4|e?g)|mov(ie)?|msi|msp|pdf|phps|png|ppt(x|m)?|pot(x|m)?|pps(x|m)?|ppam|sld(x|m)?|thmx|qtm?|ra(m|r)?|sea|sit|tar|tgz|torrent|txt|wav|wma|wmv|wpd|xls(x|m|b)?|xlt(x|m)|xlam|xml|z|zip","trackColorbox":1}});
//--><!]]></script><script src=https://science.sciencemag.org/sites/default/files/advagg_js/js__bnwyEQSuZLC-kZnFqCi5iE02nOCzM7DjY7zYxcN9nsQ__VBiBT_qq_eHMMO2Q1rXK1u-hHff31XLUkmi9dgjuPeY__hEvyMjFAsIzetzhjTtUHepyyk8Cxz5Cq8tibqxH07CA.js></script><script async src=https://science.sciencemag.org/sites/default/files/advagg_js/js__GM3GJPR36rRIz0TRkjC5OQwrioSyN9aoYRivDhCO_AM__qAl84FcCv2jyN22yFGS5Oc85cjd9zKX6p_cFNLGhe-M__hEvyMjFAsIzetzhjTtUHepyyk8Cxz5Cq8tibqxH07CA.js></script><script src=https://science.sciencemag.org/sites/default/files/advagg_js/js__YWw4hjTc-uT03SohHklbdLS8TqS12HFLXHsZJUcX5Rg__liw7ZQ6eBb2S8mlTWYcPOmjE_rIF6862ESIGIqNvORg__hEvyMjFAsIzetzhjTtUHepyyk8Cxz5Cq8tibqxH07CA.js></script>