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   Types of Diabetic Neuropathy - Peripheral, Proximal, Autonomic, and Focal Nerve Damage
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Toft MD, PhD </a></div><div class=content><div class=share-this id=sharethis-1><span class=st_twitter_large displaytext=Tweet st_url=https://www.endocrineweb.com/guides/diabetic-neuropathy/types-diabetic-neuropathy st_via=endocrineweb> </span><span class=st_pinterest_large displaytext=Pinterest st_url=https://www.endocrineweb.com/guides/diabetic-neuropathy/types-diabetic-neuropathy> </span><span displaytext="Facebook Like"class=st_facebook_large st_url=https://www.endocrineweb.com/guides/diabetic-neuropathy/types-diabetic-neuropathy> </span></div><p>Diabetic neuropathy can be broken into several types. This is because we have different kinds of nerves in our bodies that serve different functions. Your <u> <a href=https://www.endocrineweb.com/guides/diabetic-neuropathy/diabetic-neuropathy-symptoms> symptoms </a> </u> and treatments depend on which type of diabetic neuropathy you have.<p>There are four types of diabetic neuropathy: <ul><li><a href=#Peripheral_Neuropathy> Peripheral neuropathy </a> (also called diabetic nerve pain and distal polyneuropathy)<li><a href=#Proximal_Neuropathy> Proximal neuropathy </a> (also called diabetic amyotrophy)<li><a href=#Autonomic_Neuropathy> Autonomic neuropathy </a><li><p><a href=#Focal_Neuropathy> Focal neuropathy </a> (also called mononeuropathy)</p></ul><h3><a name=Peripheral_Neuropathy> <b> Peripheral Neuropathy </b> </a></h3><p>Peripheral diabetic neuropathy goes by various names: peripheral diabetic nerve pain and distal polyneuropathy. In this Patient Guide, we’ll refer to it as peripheral diabetic neuropathy, or simply peripheral neuropathy.<p> Peripheral neuropathy is the most common form of neuropathy caused by diabetes. It affects nerves leading to your extremities—to your feet, legs, hands, and arms. The nerves going to your feet are the longest in your body: after they branch off the spinal cord in the lumbar region (low back), they have to go all the way down your legs and into the feet—quite a distance.<p> Because the nerves leading to your feet are so long, it’s most often these nerves that are damaged; there’s more of them <i> to </i> be damaged. This nerve damage can lead to the foot problems often associated with diabetes, including foot deformities, infections, ulcers, and amputations.<p> The article on <u> <a href=https://www.endocrineweb.com/guides/diabetic-neuropathy/diabetic-neuropathy-symptoms> diabetic neuropathy symptoms </a> </u> will help you learn more about the specific symptoms associated with peripheral diabetic neuropathy.<h3><a name=Proximal_Neuropathy> <b> Proximal Neuropathy </b> </a></h3><p>Proximal neuropathy can also be called diabetic amyotrophy. That <i> myo </i> in the word means muscle, so this is a form of neuropathy that can cause muscle weakness. It specifically affects the muscles in the upper part of your leg(s), buttocks, and hips. <p><span class="image-wrapper image-wrapper-imgupl_floating_right"> <span class="wysiwyg_imageupload image imgupl_floating_right"style=width:px;> <a class=fancybox href=https://www.endocrineweb.com/sites/default/files/imagecache/gallery-large/wysiwyg_imageupload/48/2014/11/24/sciaticnerve18070769_s150.jpg rel=group> <img alt height=200 src=/sites/default/files/wysiwyg_imageupload/48/2014/11/24/sciaticnerve18070769_s150.jpg width=150> <img class=enlarge src=/sites/all/modules/wysiwyg_imageupload_extras/enlarge.png> </a> </span> </span> <span style="line-height: 1.5em;"> Sometimes, proximal neuropathy can also involve nerve pain, especially pain that shoots from the low back and down the leg. The technical medical term for that is </span> <i style="line-height: 1.5em;"> radiculopathy </i> <span style="line-height: 1.5em;"> , although most people refer to it as </span> sciatica <span style="line-height: 1.5em;"> . If there’s also shooting nerve pain involved, this form of neuropathy can also be called polyradiculopathy-diabetic amyotrophy. </span><p>Proximal neuropathy is the second most common type of diabetic neuropathy (second only to peripheral diabetic neuropathy). It usually affects elderly people with diabetes; as opposed to peripheral neuropathy, it usually resolves with time or treatment.<h3><a name=Autonomic_Neuropathy> <b> Autonomic Neuropathy </b> </a></h3><p>Autonomic nerves are supposed to keep your body running as it should. There are many functions that happen in your body without you thinking about them: your heart pumps, you breathe, and your stomach digests food. Those actions are controlled by the autonomic nervous system; it’s also sometimes called the automatic nervous system.<p>The autonomic nervous system should maintain your body’s homeostasis, which is its normal, balanced state. If the autonomic nerves are damaged by the effects of diabetes—autonomic diabetic neuropathy—then your body may have trouble maintaining homeostasis.<p>Autonomic neuropathy can seem daunting because it can affect so many of your body’s systems, from your digestive tract to how well you can see. However, remember that your symptoms depend on what specific nerves in the autonomic nervous system are damaged.<h3><a name=Focal_Neuropathy> <b> Focal Neuropathy </b> </a></h3><p>All of the types of diabetic neuropathy above—peripheral, autonomic, and proximal—are examples of polyneuropathy.  <i> Poly </i> means that they affect many nerves. Focal neuropathy, by contrast, affects one specific nerve; it’s <i> focused </i> neuropathy. It can also be called mononeuropathy.<p>Focal neuropathy, which comes on suddenly, most often affects nerves in the head (especially ones that go to the eyes). It can also affect the torso and legs.<p>When focal neuropathy affects the legs, it has different symptoms than proximal neuropathy, which can also affect the legs. Proximal neuropathy, as you can read above, causes muscle weakness in the legs, and it may also cause shooting pain down the leg. Focal neuropathy, however, causes pain in very specific locations on the legs, which you can read more about in the symptoms article.<div class="last-updated article-authored-by">Updated on: 02/19/21</div><a class="auto-continue-link clear-block"href=/guides/diabetic-neuropathy/diabetic-neuropathy-symptoms> <div class=continue-header>Continue Reading</div> <div class=continue-title>Diabetic Neuropathy Symptoms</div> </a><fieldset class="footnotes collapsible collapsed"><legend>View Sources</legend><div class=fieldset-inner><ul><li>American Diabetes Association.  Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2009. <i> Diabetes Care. </i> 2009;32:S13-61.<li>National Diabetes Information Clearinghouse website.  Diabetic Neuropathies:  The Nerve Damage of Diabetes.  Available at:  http://diabetes.niddk.nih.gov/dm/pubs/neuropathies/.  Accessed March 27, 2009. </ul></div><div class=clear></div></fieldset></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="column sidebar first"id=sidebar-first><div class=inner id=sidebar-first-inner><div class="block block-navbuilder clearfix"id=block-navbuilder-mininav><div class=block-inner><div class=content><ul class=menu><li id=nav-1><a title="Diabetic Neuropathy Overview"href=/guides/diabetic-neuropathy/diabetic-neuropathy-overview> <span class=link-wrapper> <span class=menu-item-title> Diabetic Neuropathy Overview </span> </span> </a><li class=current id=nav-2><a title="Types of Diabetic Neuropathy"class=active href=/guides/diabetic-neuropathy/types-diabetic-neuropathy> <span class=link-wrapper> <span class=menu-item-title> Types of Diabetic Neuropathy </span> </span> </a><li id=nav-3><a title="Diabetic Neuropathy Symptoms"href=/guides/diabetic-neuropathy/diabetic-neuropathy-symptoms> <span class=link-wrapper> <span class=menu-item-title> Diabetic Neuropathy Symptoms </span> </span> </a><li id=nav-4><a title="Diabetic Neuropathy Causes"href=/guides/diabetic-neuropathy/diabetic-neuropathy-causes> <span class=link-wrapper> <span class=menu-item-title> Diabetic Neuropathy Causes </span> </span> </a><li id=nav-5><a title="Diabetic Neuropathy Diagnosis"href=/guides/diabetic-neuropathy/diabetic-neuropathy-diagnosis> <span class=link-wrapper> <span class=menu-item-title> Diabetic Neuropathy Diagnosis </span> </span> </a><li id=nav-6><a title="Blood Glucose Control: The Best Treatment for Diabetic Neuropathy"href=/guides/diabetic-neuropathy/blood-glucose-control-best-treatment-diabetic-neuropathy> <span class=link-wrapper> <span class=menu-item-title> Blood Glucose Control: The Best Treatment for Diabetic Neuropathy </span> </span> </a><li id=nav-7><a title="Foot Care When You Have Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy"href=/guides/diabetic-neuropathy/foot-care-when-you-have-diabetic-peripheral-neuropathy> <span class=link-wrapper> <span class=menu-item-title> Foot Care When You Have Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy </span> </span> </a><li id=nav-8><a title="Medications to Treat Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy"href=/guides/diabetic-neuropathy/medications-treat-diabetic-peripheral-neuropathy> <span class=link-wrapper> <span class=menu-item-title> Medications to Treat Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy </span> </span> </a></ul></div></div></div><div class="block block-oas clearfix"id=oas-oas_Right1><div class="block-inner clearfix"><div class=rhm--ad data-no-lazy data-sizes=300x250></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class=page-bar id=page-bar-bottom><div class=page-bar-inner><div class="block block-oas clearfix"id=oas-oas_Bottom><div class="block-inner clearfix"><div class="rhm--ad ad-lg"data-no-lazy data-sizes=728x90 data-targeting-vp=b></div></div></div></div></div><link href=/manifest.json rel=manifest><script async src=https://cdn.onesignal.com/sdks/OneSignalSDK.js></script><script>var OneSignal = window.OneSignal || [];
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