<!doctypehtml><html lang=en><meta content="text/html; charset=utf-8"http-equiv=Content-Type><title>
   pastel
  </title><meta content="pastel1 /pa stel /; esp. Brit. /pas tl/, n. 1. a color having a soft, subdued shade. 2. a kind of dried paste made of pigments ground with chalk and compounded with gum water. 3. a chalklike crayon made from such paste. 4. the art of drawing with"name=Description><meta content=pastel name=Keywords><meta content=width=device-width,initial-scale=1,minimum-scale=1 name=viewport><meta content="safe for kids"name=rating><meta content=on http-equiv=x-dns-prefetch-control><link href=https://ajax.googleapis.com rel=dns-prefetch><link href=https://www.googletagservices.com rel=dns-prefetch><link href=https://www.google-analytics.com rel=dns-prefetch><link href=https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com rel=dns-prefetch><link href=https://ajax.googleapis.com rel=dns-prefetch><link href=https://an.yandex.ru rel=dns-prefetch><link href=https://mc.yandex.ru rel=dns-prefetch><link as=image href=/images/Logo_en.png rel=preload><link as=image href=/images/Logo_h_en.png rel=preload><meta content=pastel property=og:title><meta content=article property=og:type><meta content=https://universalium.en-academic.com/168680/pastel property=og:url><meta content=https://en-academic.com/images/Logo_social_en.png?3 property=og:image><meta content="pastel1 /pa stel /; esp. Brit. /pas tl/, n. 1. a color having a soft, subdued shade. 2. a kind of dried paste made of pigments ground with chalk and compounded with gum water. 3. a chalklike crayon made from such paste. 4. the art of drawing with"property=og:description><meta content="Academic Dictionaries and Encyclopedias"property=og:site_name><link title="Academic Dictionaries and Encyclopedias"href=//universalium.en-academic.com/dicsearch.xml rel=search type=application/opensearchdescription+xml><meta content=ALL name=ROBOTS><link href=https://universalium.en-academic.com/168681/pastelist rel=next><link href=https://universalium.en-academic.com/168679/pasteboard rel=prev><link href=https://universalium.en-academic.com/ rel=TOC><link href=https://universalium.en-academic.com/ rel=index><link href=https://universalium.en-academic.com/ rel=contents><link href=https://universalium.en-academic.com/168680/pastel rel=canonical><script async src=https://www.googletagservices.com/tag/js/gpt.js></script><script async src=https://cdn-b.notsy.io/acd/ym.js></script><script>window.notsyFirstTapRegistered = false;
    (function () {
        function onFirstTap () {
            window.notsyFirstTapRegistered = true;
            document.removeEventListener('touchstart', onFirstTap);
        }
 
        document.addEventListener('touchstart', onFirstTap);
    })();</script><script>var googletag = window.googletag || {};
  googletag.cmd = googletag.cmd || [];

  var notsyInit = !!window.notsyInit ? window.notsyInit: function(s) {window.notsyPageSettings = s}
  notsyInit({
    'page': 'main_page_desktop',
    'enableAdUnits': ['ACD_FLOAT_970'],
    'targeting': [
       ['AgeLimits', 'child'],
       ['pageType', 'article'],
       ['category', 'Общая информация'],
       ['did', 'universalium'],
       ['len', 81]
     ]
  });</script><style>div.hidden,#sharemenu,div.autosuggest,#contextmenu,#ad_top,#ad_bottom,#ad_right,#ad_top2,#restrictions,#footer ul + div,#TerminsNavigationBar,#top-menu,#lang,#search-tabs,#search-box .translate-lang,#translate-arrow,#dic-query,#logo img.h,#t-direction-head,#langbar,.smm{display:none}p,ul{list-style-type:none;margin:0 0 15px}ul li{margin-bottom:6px}.content ul{list-style-type:disc}*{padding:0;margin:0}html,body{height:100%}body{padding:0;margin:0;color:#000;font:14px Helvetica,Arial,Tahoma,sans-serif;background:#fff;line-height:1.5em}a{color:#0d44a0;text-decoration:none}h1{font-size:24px;margin:0 0 18px}h2{font-size:20px;margin:0 0 14px}h3{font-size:16px;margin:0 0 10px}h1 a,h2 a{color:#454545!important}#page{margin:0 auto}#page{min-height:100%;position:relative;padding-top:105px}#page{width:720px;padding-right:330px}* html #page{height:100%}#header{position:relative;height:122px}#logo{float:left;margin-top:21px;width:125px}#logo a.img{width:90px;margin:0 0 0 16px}#logo a.img.logo-en{margin-left:13px}#logo a{display:block;font-size:12px;text-align:center;word-break:break-all}#site-title{padding-top:35px;margin:0 0 5px 135px}#site-title a{color:#000;font-size:18px;font-style:italic;display:block;font-weight:400}#search-box{margin-left:135px;border-top-right-radius:3px;border-bottom-right-radius:3px;padding:4px;position:relative;background:#abcf7e;min-height:33px}#search-box.dic{background:#896744}#search-box table{border-spacing:0;border-collapse:collapse;width:100%}#search-box table td{padding:0;vertical-align:middle}#search-box table td:first-child{padding-right:3px}#search-box table td:last-child{width:1px}#search-query,#dic-query,.translate-lang{padding:6px;font-size:16px;height:18px;border:1px solid #949494;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;height:32px;float:none;margin:0;background:white;float:left;border-radius:0!important}#search-button{width:70px;height:32px;text-align:center;border:1px solid #7a8e69;border-radius:3px;background:#e0e0e0}#search-tabs{display:block;margin:0 15px 0 135px;padding:0;list-style-type:none}#search-tabs li{float:left;min-width:70px;max-width:140px;padding:0 15px;height:23px;line-height:23px;background:#bde693;text-align:center;margin-right:1px}#search-box.dic + #search-tabs li{background:#C9A784}#search-tabs li:last-child{border-bottom-right-radius:3px}#search-tabs li a{color:#353535;font-style:italic;font-size:12px;display:block;white-space:nowrap;text-overflow:ellipsis;overflow:hidden}#search-tabs li.active{height:22px;line-height:23px;position:relative;background:#abcf7e;border-bottom-left-radius:3px;border-bottom-right-radius:3px}#search-box.dic + #search-tabs li.active{background:#896744}#search-tabs li.active a{color:white}#content{clear:both;margin:30px 0;padding-left:15px}#content a{text-decoration:underline}#content .breadcrumb{margin-bottom:20px}#search_sublinks,#search_links{margin-bottom:8px;margin-left:-8px}#search_sublinks a,#search_links a{padding:3px 8px 1px;border-radius:2px}#search_sublinks a.active,#search_links a.active{color:#000 !important;background:#bde693;text-decoration:none!important}.term{color:saddlebrown}@media(max-width:767px){.hideForMobile{display:none}#header{height:auto}#page{padding:5px;width:auto}#logo{float:none;width:144px;text-align:left;margin:0;padding-top:5px}#logo a{height:44px;overflow:hidden;text-align:left}#logo img.h{display:initial;width:144px;height:44px}#logo img.v{display:none}#site-title{padding:0;margin:10px 0 5px}#search-box,#search-tabs{clear:both;margin:0;width:auto;padding:4px}#search-box.translate #search-query{width:100%;margin-bottom:4px}#search-box.translate #td-search{overflow:visible;display:table-cell}ul#search-tabs{white-space:nowrap;margin-top:5px;overflow-x:auto;overflow-y:hidden}ul#search-tabs li,ul#search-tabs li.active{background:none!important;box-shadow:none;min-width:0;padding:0 5px;float:none;display:inline-block}ul#search-tabs li a{border-bottom:1px dashed green;font-style:normal;color:green;font-size:16px}ul#search-tabs li.active a{color:black;border-bottom-color:white;font-weight:700}ul#search-tabs li a:hover,ul#search-tabs li.active a:hover{color:black}#content{margin:15px 0}.h250{height:280px;max-height:280px;overflow:hidden;margin:25px 0 25px 0}</style><link rel="shortcut icon"href=https://en-academic.com/favicon.ico sizes=16x16 type=image/x-icon><link rel="shortcut icon"href=https://en-academic.com/images/icon.ico sizes=32x32 type=image/x-icon><link rel="shortcut icon"href=https://en-academic.com/images/icon.ico sizes=48x48 type=image/x-icon><script>(function(i,s,o,g,r,a,m){i['GoogleAnalyticsObject']=r;i[r]=i[r]||function(){
  (i[r].q=i[r].q||[]).push(arguments)},i[r].l=1*new Date();a=s.createElement(o),
  m=s.getElementsByTagName(o)[0];a.async=1;a.src=g;m.parentNode.insertBefore(a,m)
  })(window,document,'script','//www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js','ga');

  ga('create', 'UA-2754246-1', 'auto');
  ga('require', 'displayfeatures');

  ga('set', 'dimension1', 'Общая информация');
  ga('set', 'dimension2', 'article');
  ga('set', 'dimension3', '');

  ga('send', 'pageview');</script><script>if(typeof(console) == 'undefined' ) console = {};
	if(typeof(console.log) == 'undefined' ) console.log = function(){};
	if(typeof(console.warn) == 'undefined' ) console.warn = function(){};
	if(typeof(console.error) == 'undefined' ) console.error = function(){};
	if(typeof(console.time) == 'undefined' ) console.time = function(){};
	if(typeof(console.timeEnd) == 'undefined' ) console.timeEnd = function(){};
	Academic = {};
	Academic.sUserLanguage = 'en';
	Academic.sDomainURL = 'https://universalium.en-academic.com/';
	Academic.sMainDomainURL = '//dic.academic.pro/';
	Academic.sTranslateDomainURL = '//translate.en-academic.com/';
		Academic.sDictionaryId = 'universalium';
		Academic.Lang = {};
	Academic.Lang.sTermNotFound = 'The term wasn\'t found';</script><body><div id=ad_top><div style="max-height: 90px; overflow: hidden; display: inline-block;"class=banner><div id=ACD_ATF_970></div></div></div><div id=page><div id=header><div id=logo><a href=//en-academic.com> <img alt=en-academic.com class=v height=68 src=//en-academic.com/images/Logo_en.png width=88> <img alt=en-academic.com class=h height=44 src=//en-academic.com/images/Logo_h_en.png width=144> <br> en-academic.com </a></div><ul id=top-menu><li id=lang><a class=link href=#> EN </a> <ul id=lang-menu><li><a href=//dic.academic.ru> RU </a><li><a href=//de-academic.com> DE </a><li><a href=//es-academic.com> ES </a><li><a href=//fr-academic.com> FR </a></ul><li><a class="add-fav link"href=# onclick=add_favorite(this);> Remember this site </a><li><a href=//partners.academic.ru/partner_proposal.php target=_blank> Embed dictionaries into your website </a></ul><h2 id=site-title><a href=//en-academic.com> Academic Dictionaries and Encyclopedias </a></h2><div id=search-box><form action=//academic.ru/searchall.php name=formSearch><table><tbody><tr><td id=td-search><input placeholder="Enter text to search in dictionaries and encyclopedias"title="Enter text to search in dictionaries and encyclopedias"autocomplete=off id=search-query name=SWord required> <div class=translate-lang><select id=translateFrom name=from><option value=xx>All languages<option value=en>English<option value=ru>Russian<option value=zh>Chinese<option value=de>German<option value=fr>French<option value=es>Spanish<option value=it>Italian<option value=la>Latin<option value=fi>Finnish<option value=el>Greek<option value=he>Hebrew<option value=ar>Arabic<option value=sw>Swahili<option value=no>Norwegian<option value=pt>Portuguese<option value=hu>Hungarian<option value=tr>Turkish<option value=id>Indonesian<option value=sv>Swedish<option value=pl>Polish<option value=et>Estonian<option value=lv>Latvian<option value=da>Danish<option value=nl>Dutch<option value=hy>Armenian<option value=uk>Ukrainian<option value=ja>Japanese<option value=sa>Sanskrit<option value=th>Thai<option value=ga>Irish<option value=tt>Tatar<option value=sk>Slovak<option value=sl>Slovene<option value=tv>Tuvan<option value=ur>Urdu<option value=yi>Yiddish<option value=mk>Macedonian<option value=ca>Catalan<option value=ba>Bashkir<option value=cs>Czech<option value=ka>Georgian<option value=ko>Korean<option value=hr>Croatian<option value=ro>Romanian, Moldavian<option value=sh>Yakut<option value=ky>Kyrgyz<option value=bo>Tibetan Standard<option value=be>Belarusian<option value=bg>Bulgarian<option value=is>Icelandic<option value=sq>Albanian<option value=nu>Nahuatl<option value=mm>Komi<option value=cy>Welsh<option value=kk>Kazakh<option value=uz>Uzbek<option value=sr>Serbian<option value=vi>Vietnamese<option value=az>Azerbaijani<option value=eu>Basque<option value=hi>Hindi<option value=mi>Māori<option value=qu>Quechua<option value=ak>Akan<option value=ay>Aymara<option value=ht>Haitian<option value=mn>Mongolian<option value=pi>Pāli<option value=mu>Maya<option value=lt>Lithuanian<option value=cj>Shor<option value=ct>Crimean Tatar language<option value=eo>Esperanto<option value=in>Ingush<option value=se>Northern Sami<option value=hs>Hornjoserbska<option value=ce>Chechen<option value=gd>Scottish Gaelic<option value=sx>Sumerian<option value=os>Ossetian<option value=ke>Circassian<option value=ad>Adyghe<option value=fa>Persian<option value=ai>Ainu<option value=km>Khmer<option value=pr>Old Russian<option value=cu>Old Church Slavonic<option value=mc>Mycenaean<option value=qy>Quenya<option value=ya>Yupik<option value=af>Afrikaans<option value=pm>Papiamento<option value=pa>Panjabi<option value=tl>Tagalog<option value=mf>Moksha<option value=cr>Cree<option value=wr>Waray<option value=ku>Kurdish<option value=gw>Alsatian<option value=fo>Faroese<option value=ab>Abkhaz<option value=an>Aragonese<option value=rp>Aromanian<option value=at>Asturian<option value=mv>Erzya<option value=kv>Komi<option value=mj>Mari<option value=cv>Chuvash<option value=ld>Ladino<option value=ud>Udmurt<option value=vp>Veps<option value=al>Altaic<option value=dl>Dolgan<option value=kc>Karachay<option value=kp>Kumyk<option value=og>Nogai<option value=ot>Ottoman Turkish<option value=tf>Tofalar<option value=tk>Turkmen<option value=ug>Uighur<option value=uu>Idioma urrumano<option value=bu>Buryat<option value=oa>Orok<option value=ev>Evenki<option value=ma>Manchu<option value=gn>Guaraní<option value=tg>Tajik<option value=ik>Inupiaq<option value=ms>Malay<option value=kb>Kabyle<option value=tw>Twi<option value=ln>Lingala<option value=bb>Bagobo<option value=yo>Yoruba<option value=sz>Silesian<option value=lb>Luxembourgish<option value=ck>Cherokee<option value=cn>Cheyenne<option value=go>Klingon<option value=jb>Lojban</select></div> <div id=translate-arrow><a>   </a></div> <div class=translate-lang><select id=translateOf name=to><option value=xx>All languages<option value=ru>Russian<option selected value=en>English<option value=de>German<option value=la>Latin<option value=he>Hebrew<option value=es>Spanish<option value=no>Norwegian<option value=zh>Chinese<option value=fr>French<option value=uk>Ukrainian<option value=it>Italian<option value=pt>Portuguese<option value=hu>Hungarian<option value=tr>Turkish<option value=pl>Polish<option value=da>Danish<option value=tt>Tatar<option value=ku>Kurdish<option value=sl>Slovene<option value=el>Greek<option value=id>Indonesian<option value=vi>Vietnamese<option value=mi>Māori<option value=tl>Tagalog<option value=ur>Urdu<option value=is>Icelandic<option value=hi>Hindi<option value=ga>Irish<option value=fo>Faroese<option value=bg>Bulgarian<option value=lv>Latvian<option value=sq>Albanian<option value=ar>Arabic<option value=fi>Finnish<option value=fa>Persian<option value=mn>Mongolian<option value=nl>Dutch<option value=sv>Swedish<option value=pi>Pāli<option value=ja>Japanese<option value=ko>Korean<option value=et>Estonian<option value=ka>Georgian<option value=tg>Tajik<option value=lt>Lithuanian<option value=ro>Romanian, Moldavian<option value=hr>Croatian<option value=sw>Swahili<option value=kk>Kazakh<option value=mk>Macedonian<option value=th>Thai<option value=be>Belarusian<option value=gl>Galician<option value=ca>Catalan<option value=ce>Chechen<option value=kc>Karachay<option value=sk>Slovak<option value=cs>Czech<option value=sr>Serbian<option value=hy>Armenian<option value=az>Azerbaijani<option value=uz>Uzbek<option value=qu>Quechua<option value=ht>Haitian<option value=mu>Maya<option value=ay>Aymara<option value=cj>Shor<option value=eo>Esperanto<option value=ct>Crimean Tatar language<option value=os>Ossetian<option value=ad>Adyghe<option value=sh>Yakut<option value=ai>Ainu<option value=km>Khmer<option value=pr>Old Russian<option value=cu>Old Church Slavonic<option value=ta>Tamil<option value=qy>Quenya<option value=av>Avaric<option value=af>Afrikaans<option value=pm>Papiamento<option value=mf>Moksha<option value=yo>Yoruba<option value=gw>Alsatian<option value=yi>Yiddish<option value=ab>Abkhaz<option value=mv>Erzya<option value=in>Ingush<option value=iz>Ingrian<option value=mj>Mari<option value=cv>Chuvash<option value=ud>Udmurt<option value=vd>Votic<option value=vp>Veps<option value=al>Altaic<option value=kp>Kumyk<option value=tk>Turkmen<option value=ug>Uighur<option value=uu>Idioma urrumano<option value=ev>Evenki<option value=ba>Bashkir<option value=ms>Malay<option value=mt>Maltese<option value=ln>Lingala<option value=pa>Panjabi<option value=ck>Cherokee<option value=ch>Chamorro<option value=go>Klingon<option value=eu>Basque<option value=ps>Pashto</select></div> <input id=did-field name=did type=hidden value=universalium> <input id=search-type name=stype type=hidden><td><button id=search-button>Search!</button></table></form><input placeholder="interactive contents"title="interactive contents"autocomplete=off id=dic-query name=dic_query></div><ul id=search-tabs><li data-search-type=-1 id=thisdic><a onclick="return false;"href=#> Universalium </a><li class=active data-search-type=0 id=interpretations><a onclick="return false;"href=#> Interpretations </a></ul></div><div id=ad_top2></div><div id=content><div style="clear: both;"itemscope itemtype=http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb><h2 class=breadcrumb><a href=/ itemprop=url> <span itemprop=title> Universalium </span> </a></h2></div><div class=content id=selectable-content><div class=title id=TerminTitle><h1>pastel</h1></div><div id=search_links></div><ul class=smm><li class=vk><a onclick="share('vk'); return false;"href=#> </a><li class=ok><a onclick="share('ok'); return false;"href=#> </a><li class=fb><a onclick="share('fb'); return false;"href=#> </a><li class=tw><a onclick="share('tw'); return false;"href=#> </a><li class=gplus><a onclick="share('g+'); return false;"href=#> </a><li class=mailru><a onclick="share('mail.ru'); return false;"href=#> </a><li class=lj><a onclick="share('lj'); return false;"href=#> </a><li class=li><a onclick="share('li'); return false;"href=#> </a></ul><div id=article><dl><div itemscope itemtype=http://webmaster.yandex.ru/vocabularies/enc-article.xml><dt class=term itemprop=title lang=en>pastel<dd class=descript itemprop=content lang=en><span style="color: blue;"> <strong> <a href=http://universalium.academic.ru/168680/pastel> pastel </a> <sup> 1 </sup> </strong> </span> <div><span style="color: darkgray;"> /pa stel"/ </span> ; <em> <a href=http://universalium.academic.ru/111127/esp> esp </a> . Brit. </em><span style="color: darkgray;"> /pas"tl/ </span> , <em> n. </em></div> <div style=margin-left:5px><span style="color: darkred;"> 1. </span> a color having a soft, subdued shade.</div> <div style=margin-left:5px><span style="color: darkred;"> 2. </span> a kind of dried paste made of pigments ground with chalk and compounded with gum water.</div> <div style=margin-left:5px><span style="color: darkred;"> 3. </span> a chalklike crayon made from such paste.</div> <div style=margin-left:5px><span style="color: darkred;"> 4. </span> the art of drawing with such crayons.</div> <div style=margin-left:5px><span style="color: darkred;"> 5. </span> a drawing so made.</div> <div style=margin-left:5px><span style="color: darkred;"> 6. </span> a short, light prose study or sketch.</div> <div><em> adj. </em></div> <div style=margin-left:5px><span style="color: darkred;"> 7. </span> having a soft, subdued shade.</div> <div style=margin-left:5px><span style="color: darkred;"> 8. </span> drawn with pastels: <em> a pastel portrait. </em></div> <div>[ <span style="color: brown;"> 1655-65; < F < It <em> pastello </em> < LL <em> pastellus, </em> var. of L <em> pastillus </em> (see <a href=http://universalium.academic.ru/168700/PASTILLE> PASTILLE </a> ) </span> ]</div> <span style="color: blue;"> <strong> <a href=http://universalium.academic.ru/168680/pastel> pastel </a> <sup> 2 </sup> </strong> </span> <div><span style="color: darkgray;"> /pas"tel/ </span> , <em> n. </em></div> <div style=margin-left:5px><span style="color: darkred;"> 1. </span> the woad plant.</div> <div style=margin-left:5px><span style="color: darkred;"> 2. </span> the dye made from it.</div> <div>[ <span style="color: brown;"> 1570-80; < MF < Pr < ML <em> pastellum </em> ( <a href=http://universalium.academic.ru/55252/neut> neut </a> .) woad ( <a href=http://universalium.academic.ru/55487/orig> orig </a> . woad paste), for LL <em> pastellus </em> ( <a href=http://universalium.academic.ru/54898/masc> masc </a> .), <a href=http://universalium.academic.ru/104000/dim> dim </a> . of <em> <a href=http://universalium.academic.ru/168676/pasta> pasta </a> </em> PASTE; change of gender by influence of L <em> glastum </em> woad </span> ]</div> <p class=src>* * *</p> <div>Drawing medium consisting of fragile, finger-size crayons called pastels, made of powdered pigments combined with a minimum of nongreasy binder (usually gum tragacanth or, from the <a href=http://universalium.academic.ru/149061/mid-> mid- </a> 20th century, methyl cellulose).</div> <p></p> <div>Because pigment applied with pastel does not change in colour value, the final effect can be seen immediately. Pastel remains on the surface of the paper and thus can be easily obliterated unless protected by glass or a fixative spray of glue size or gum solution. When pastel is applied in short strokes or linearly, it is usually classed as drawing; when it is rubbed, smeared, and blended to achieve painterly effects, it is often regarded as a painting medium.</div> <p class=src>* * *</p> <p></p> <div><span style="color: darkmagenta;"> <strong> ▪ <a href=http://universalium.academic.ru/75841/art> art </a> </strong> </span></div> <div>  <em> </em><em> </em> dry drawing medium executed with fragile, finger-size sticks. These drawing crayons, called pastels, are made of powdered pigments combined with a minimum of nongreasy binder, usually gum tragacanth or, from the mid-20th century, methyl cellulose. Made in a wide range of colour values, the darkest in each hue consists of pure pigment and binder, the others having varying admixtures of inert whites. Once the colours are applied to paper, they appear fresh and bright. Because they do not change in colour value, the final effect can be seen immediately. Pastel remains on the surface of the paper and thus can be easily obliterated unless protected by glass or a fixative spray of glue size or gum solution. Fixatives, however, have a disadvantage in that they tend to change the tone and flatten the grain of pastel drawings. When pastel is applied in short strokes or linearly, it is usually classed as drawing; when it is rubbed, smeared, and blended to achieve painterly effects, it is often regarded as a painting medium. The latter technique was principally used until the late 19th century, when the linear method came to be preferred. Special papers for pastel have been made since the 18th century with widely varying textures, some like fine sandpaper, with a flocked or suedelike finish, prominently ribbed or strongly marked by the drying felts.</div> <p></p> <div>  <em> </em><em> </em> Pastels originated in northern Italy in the 16th century and were used by Jacopo Bassano ( <a href=http://universalium.academic.ru/236624/Bassano%2C_Jacopo> Bassano, Jacopo </a> ) and Federico Barocci ( <a href=http://universalium.academic.ru/236583/Barocci%2C_Federico> Barocci, Federico </a> ). The German artist Hans Holbein the Younger ( <a href=http://universalium.academic.ru/240543/Holbein%2C_Hans%2C_the_Younger> Holbein, Hans, the Younger </a> ) and the French artists Jean ( <a href=http://universalium.academic.ru/238049/Clouet%2C_Jean> Clouet, Jean </a> ) and François Clouet ( <a href=http://universalium.academic.ru/263302/Clouet%2C_Fran%C3%A7ois> Clouet, François </a> ) did pastel portraits in the same period. The greatest popularity of the medium came in the 18th century, when it was primarily used for portraiture. Rosalba Carriera ( <a href=http://universalium.academic.ru/261887/Carriera%2C_Rosalba> Carriera, Rosalba </a> ) ( <a href=http://universalium.academic.ru/135067/Italian> Italian </a> ), Jean-Baptiste Chardin ( <a href=http://universalium.academic.ru/237815/Chardin%2C_Jean-Baptiste-Sim%C3%A9on> Chardin, Jean-Baptiste-Siméon </a> ), <a href=http://universalium.academic.ru/117300/Fran> Fran </a> çois Boucher ( <a href=http://universalium.academic.ru/5503/Boucher%2C_Fran%C3%A7ois> Boucher, François </a> ), Maurice-Quentin de La Tour, Jean-Baptiste Perronneau (all French), Jean-Étienne Liotard ( <a href=http://universalium.academic.ru/276614/Liotard%2C_Jean-%C3%89tienne> Liotard, Jean-Étienne </a> ) ( <a href=http://universalium.academic.ru/207540/Swiss> Swiss </a> ), and Anton Raphael Mengs ( <a href=http://universalium.academic.ru/242688/Mengs%2C_Anton_Raphael> Mengs, Anton Raphael </a> ) ( <a href=http://universalium.academic.ru/120021/German> German </a> ) were among the major masters of pastel. Largely revived and revitalized in the last third of the 19th century by the French artist Edgar Degas ( <a href=http://universalium.academic.ru/265031/Degas%2C_Edgar> Degas, Edgar </a> ), pastels figure importantly in the work of such artists as Auguste Renoir ( <a href=http://universalium.academic.ru/244487/Renoir%2C_Pierre-Auguste> Renoir, Pierre-Auguste </a> ), Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec ( <a href=http://universalium.academic.ru/290911/Toulouse-Lautrec%2C_Henri_de> Toulouse-Lautrec, Henri de </a> ), Odilon Redon ( <a href=http://universalium.academic.ru/244443/Redon%2C_Odilon> Redon, Odilon </a> ), Gustave Moreau ( <a href=http://universalium.academic.ru/242980/Moreau%2C_Gustave> Moreau, Gustave </a> ), Édouard Vuillard ( <a href=http://universalium.academic.ru/292384/Vuillard%2C_%C3%89douard> Vuillard, Édouard </a> ), Pierre Bonnard ( <a href=http://universalium.academic.ru/237067/Bonnard%2C_Pierre> Bonnard, Pierre </a> ) (all French), <a href=http://universalium.academic.ru/59704/Mary_Cassatt> Mary Cassatt </a> ( <a href=http://universalium.academic.ru/237659/Cassatt%2C_Mary> Cassatt, Mary </a> ) (American expatriate), Joan Miró ( <a href=http://universalium.academic.ru/242841/Mir%C3%B3%2C_Joan> Miró, Joan </a> ), and Paul Klee ( <a href=http://universalium.academic.ru/241473/Klee%2C_Paul> Klee, Paul </a> ) ( <a href=http://universalium.academic.ru/207540/Swiss> Swiss </a> ).</div> <div> </div> <p class=src>* * *</p></dd><br><p class=src id=TerminSourceInfo><em> <span itemprop=source> Universalium </span> . <span itemprop=source-date> 2010 </span> . </em></div></dl></div><div style="padding:5px 0px;"><b> <a title="онлайн-сервис помощи студентам"href=https://www.homework.ru/uslugi/?partnerId=13401> Поможем написать реферат </a> </b></div><div id=socialBar_h></div><ul class=post-nav id=TerminsNavigationBar><li class=prev><a href=https://universalium.en-academic.com/168679/pasteboard title=pasteboard> pasteboard </a><li class=next><a href=https://universalium.en-academic.com/168681/pastelist title=pastelist> pastelist </a></ul><div class=other-info><div class=holder><h3 class=dictionary>Look at other dictionaries:</h3><ul class=terms-list><li><p><strong> <a href=//littre.fr-academic.com/50736/pastel> pastel </a> </strong> — 1. (pa stèl) s. m. 1°   Nom donné à des crayons composés de différentes couleurs broyées et réduites en pâte avec de l eau de gomme ; peindre en pastel, c est peindre avec ces couleurs, qu on mêle suivant les diverses teintes qu on veut faire.… …   <span class=src2> Dictionnaire de la Langue Française d'Émile Littré </span></p><li><p><strong> <a href=//romanian.en-academic.com/76071/pastel> pastel </a> </strong> — PASTÉL, pasteluri, s.n., adj. invar. 1. s.n. Creion colorat, moale, pentru desen, făcut din pigmenţi pulverizaţi, amestecaţi cu talc şi cu gumă arabică. ♦ Desen executat cu acest fel de creioane. 2. s.n. Poezie cu conţinut liric, în care se… …   <span class=src2> Dicționar Român </span></p><li><p><strong> <a href=//sal_es.es-academic.com/25950/pastel> pastel </a> </strong> — sustantivo masculino 1. Pieza dulce y esponjosa, de masa de harina, huevo, mantequilla y otros ingredientes, cocida al horno y recubierta de chocolate u otro ingrediente dulce: un pastel de cumpleaños. Papá nos trajo una bandeja de pasteles. 2.… …   <span class=src2> Diccionario Salamanca de la Lengua Española </span></p><li><p><strong> <a href=//espanola.es-academic.com/63046/pastel> pastel </a> </strong> — (Del fr. ant. pastel). 1. adj. Dicho de un color: De tono suave. Una falda de muselina en tonos pastel. 2. m. Masa de harina y manteca, cocida al horno, en que ordinariamente se envuelve crema o dulce, y a veces carne, fruta o pescado. 3.… …   <span class=src2> Diccionario de la lengua española </span></p><li><p><strong> <a href=//argot_es.es-academic.com/4671/pastel> pastel </a> </strong> — pastel, descubrir(se) el pastel expr. descubrir el secreto, el engaño, el timo. ❙ «El problema viene después, cuando tienes que descubrir el pastel.» Juanma Iturriaga, Con chandal y a lo loco. ❙ «El pastel se descubrió cuando la Cruz Roja… …   <span class=src2> Diccionario del Argot "El Sohez" </span></p><li><p><strong> <a href=//cide.en-academic.com/128473/Pastel> Pastel </a> </strong> — Pas tel, n. [F.; cf. It. pastello. Cf. {Pastil}.] 1. A crayon made of a paste composed of a color ground with gum water. [Sometimes incorrectly written {pastil}.] Charming heads in pastel. W. Black. [1913 Webster] 2. (Bot.) A plant affording a… …   <span class=src2> The Collaborative International Dictionary of English </span></p><li><p><strong> <a href=//words_pt.en-academic.com/75531/pastel> pastel </a> </strong> — s. m. 1. Tipo de lápis de cor. 2.  [Pintura] Técnica de pintura em que se usam esses lápis de cor. 3.  [Pintura] Desenho ou quadro feito com lápis de cores.   ‣ Etimologia: italiano pastello pastel s. m. 1.  [Culinária] Iguaria de massa de… …   <span class=src2> Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa </span></p><li><p><strong> <a href=//etymology.en-academic.com/26775/pastel> pastel </a> </strong> — (n.) 1660s, crayons, chalk like pigment used in crayons, from Fr. pastel crayon, from It. pastello a pastel, lit. material reduced to a paste, from L.L. pastellus dye from the leaves of the woad plant, dim. of pasta (see PASTA (Cf. pasta)).… …   <span class=src2> Etymology dictionary </span></p><li><p><strong> <a href=//usage_en.en-academic.com/3370/pastel> pastel </a> </strong> — pastel, pastille A pastel is an artist s crayon or a light shade of a colour, whereas a pastille is a small sweet or lozenge …   <span class=src2> Modern English usage </span></p><li><p><strong> <a href=//lang_pl.en-academic.com/30683/pastel> pastel </a> </strong> — I {{/stl 13}}{{stl 8}}rz. mnż III, D. u; lm D. i || ów {{/stl 8}}{{stl 20}} {{/stl 20}}{{stl 12}}1. {{/stl 12}}{{stl 7}} rodzaj farby artystycznej w postaci miękkiej kredki, pałeczki, zrobionej z drobno zmielonego pyłu w określonym kolorze z… …   <span class=src2> Langenscheidt Polski wyjaśnień </span></p><li><p><strong> <a href=//world_en.en-academic.com/54136/pastel> pastel </a> </strong> — [pas tel′] n. [Fr < It pastello < VL * pastellum, dim. of LL pasta,PASTE] 1. a) ground coloring matter mixed with gum and formed into a crayon b) such a crayon 2. a picture drawn with such crayons 3. drawing with pastels as an art form or… …   <span class=src2> English World dictionary </span></p></ul></div></div></div></div><div id=ad_bottom></div><div id=footer><div id=liveinternet><a href=https://www.liveinternet.ru/click;academic target=_blank> <img alt height=31 id=licntC2FD src=data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBTAA7 style=border:0 title=LiveInternet width=31> </a><script>(function(d,s){d.getElementById("licntC2FD").src=
            "https://counter.yadro.ru/hit;academic?t44.6;r"+escape(d.referrer)+
            ((typeof(s)=="undefined")?"":";s"+s.width+"*"+s.height+"*"+
            (s.colorDepth?s.colorDepth:s.pixelDepth))+";u"+escape(d.URL)+
            ";h"+escape(d.title.substring(0,150))+";"+Math.random()})
            (document,screen)</script></div><div id=restrictions>18+</div> © Academic, 2000-2021 <ul><li>Contact us: <a href=# id=m_s> Technical Support </a> , <a href=# id=m_a> Advertising </a></ul><div><a href=//partners.academic.ru/partner_proposal.php> Dictionaries export </a> , created on PHP, <div class="img joom"></div> Joomla, <div class="img drp"></div> Drupal, <div class="img wp"></div> WordPress, MODx.</div></div><div id=contextmenu><ul id=context-actions><li><a data-in=masha> Mark and share </a><li class=separator><li><a data-in=academic> Search through all dictionaries </a><li><a data-in=translate> Translate… </a><li><a data-in=internet> Search Internet </a></ul><ul id=context-suggestions></ul></div><div style="top: 1075px; left: 240px;"id=sharemenu><h3>Share the article and excerpts</h3><ul class=smm><li class=vk><a onclick="share('vk'); return false;"href=#> </a><li class=ok><a onclick="share('ok'); return false;"href=#> </a><li class=fb><a onclick="share('fb'); return false;"href=#> </a><li class=tw><a onclick="share('tw'); return false;"href=#> </a><li class=gplus><a onclick="share('g+'); return false;"href=#> </a><li class=mailru><a onclick="share('mail.ru'); return false;"href=#> </a><li class=lj><a onclick="share('lj'); return false;"href=#> </a><li class=li><a onclick="share('li'); return false;"href=#> </a></ul><div id=share-basement><h5>Direct link</h5><a href id=share-directlink> … </a><small> Do a right-click on the link above <br> and select “Copy Link” </small></div></div><script async src=/js/academic.min.js?20210723></script><div id=ad_right><div class=banner><div id=ACD_ATFR_300n></div></div><div class="banner sticky"><div id=ACD_MIDR_300c></div></div></div></div><div id=div-gpt-ad-bottom><script>googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-bottom'); });</script></div><div id=div-gpt-ad-4fullscreen></div><script>(function(m,e,t,r,i,k,a){m[i]=m[i]||function(){(m[i].a=m[i].a||[]).push(arguments)};
   m[i].l=1*new Date();k=e.createElement(t),a=e.getElementsByTagName(t)[0],k.async=1,k.src=r,a.parentNode.insertBefore(k,a)})
   (window, document, "script", "https://mc.yandex.ru/metrika/tag.js", "ym");

   ym(70309897, "init", {
        clickmap:false,
        trackLinks:true,
        accurateTrackBounce:false
   });</script><noscript><div><img style="position:absolute; left:-9999px;"alt src=https://mc.yandex.ru/watch/70309897></div></noscript><script>var _comscore = _comscore || [];
  _comscore.push({ c1: "2", c2: "23600742" });
  (function() {
    var s = document.createElement("script"), el = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; s.async = true;
    s.src = (document.location.protocol == "https:" ? "https://sb" : "http://b") + ".scorecardresearch.com/beacon.js";
    el.parentNode.insertBefore(s, el);
  })();</script><noscript><img src=//b.scorecardresearch.com/p?c1=2&c2=23600742&cv=2.0&cj=1></noscript><link href=/css/academic_v2.css?20210501a rel=stylesheet><link href=/css/mobile-menu.css?20190810 rel=stylesheet>