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   Protein Synthesis
  </title><link href=/olcweb/styles/v2_glencoe/shared/css.css rel=stylesheet><script language=javascript src=/olcweb/styles/shared/common.js></script><script language=javascript src=/olcweb/styles/v2_glencoe/shared/glencoe.js></script><body onload=PageLoad();><table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 width=100%><tbody><tr><td width=202><td width=140><img height=56 src=/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif width=60></tr><form name=dataContainer></form><input name=isbn type=hidden value=9834092339><input name=firstName type=hidden><input name=MI type=hidden><input name=lastName type=hidden><input name=myEmail type=hidden><input name=myStyle type=hidden><input name=profEmail type=hidden><input name=profStyle type=hidden><input name=taEmail type=hidden><input name=taStyle type=hidden><input name=otherEmail type=hidden><input name=otherStyle type=hidden><form action=/search97cgi/s97_cgi method=POST name=veritySearch></form><input value="ISBN = 9834092339"name=SourceQueryText type=hidden><input name=Action type=hidden value=Search><input name=QueryMode type=hidden value=Internet><input name=collection type=hidden value=olc><input name=SourceQueryMode type=hidden value=Simple><input name=ResultTemplate type=hidden value=9834092339.hts><input name=QueryText type=hidden><form action=/olcweb/factiva/search.cgi method=POST name=nlSearch></form><input name=QueryText type=hidden><input name=app type=hidden value=olc><input name=isbn type=hidden value=9834092339><input name=DCID type=hidden value=2493><form action=/webintegration/WebIntegrationServlet method=POST name=loginForm></form><input name=call type=hidden value=StudentLoginWeblet><input name=email type=hidden><input name=password type=hidden><input name=goto_url type=hidden value=/sites/9834092339/student_view0/chapter15/protein_synthesis.html><input name=external type=hidden value=1><input name=chrome type=hidden value=/sites/9834092339/chrome.vm><input name=isbn type=hidden value=9834092339><tr><td rowspan=2 valign=top><img height=1 src=/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif width=212> <br><td align=right height=18 nowrap=true valign=top width=100%><tr><td valign=top width=100%><img align=right height=600 src=/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif width=1> <img height=40 hspace=15 src=/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif width=1> <br> <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 width=500><tbody><tr><td class=pagecontent valign=top><h1>Biology, Eighth Edition (Raven)</h1> <h2>Chapter 15: Genes and How They Work</h2> <h3>Protein Synthesis</h3>  <form action=/novella/MixQuizProcessingServlet method=POST><input name=UpdateableLink type=hidden value=no><input value="Protein Synthesis"name=QuizName type=hidden><input name=isbn type=hidden value=9834092339><input value="Genes and How They Work "name=ChapterName type=hidden><input name=ChapterNumber type=hidden value=15><input name=contentid type=hidden value=2199024><input name=TypeOfQuiz type=hidden value=0><b> How is protein synthesis similar to the catalysis of a reaction by an enzyme? </b> Protein synthesis is a series of chemical reactions in which molecules are brought into contact with one another and chemical bonds are formed and broken. The key event in protein synthesis is the formation of bonds between adjacent amino acids in the protein and the breaking of bonds between the same amino acids and the tRNA molecules that first bring the amino acids to the ribosomes. The function of the ribosome is to bind the tRNA molecules and then move through the ribosome. As the tRNAs are moved, the ribosome’s configuration brings the amino acids into contact and then severs the bonds between tRNA and amino acid. In a general sense, RNA is acting as an enzyme that catalyzes the reactions that form the amino acid chain. <p>View the animation below, then complete the quiz to test your knowledge of the concept.<p><object classid=clsid:D27CDB6E-AE6D-11cf-96B8-444553540000 codebase=http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=5,0,0,0 height=530 name=protein_synthesis.swf width=525><param name=PLAY value=true> <param name=LOOP value=true> <param name=QUALITY value=high> <param name=MOVIE value=/sites/dl/free/9834092339/291136/protein_synthesis.swf> <embed height=530 loop=true play=true pluginspage=http://www.macromedia.com/shockwave/download/index.cgi?P1_Prod_Version=ShockwaveFlash quality=high src=/sites/dl/free/9834092339/291136/protein_synthesis.swf type=application/x-shockwave-flash width=525></object></p><br><br><table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 width=100%><input id=Question1 name=Question1 type=hidden value=1><input id=NoOfResponse1 name=NoOfResponse1 type=hidden value=5><tbody><tr><td bgcolor=#CCCCCC colspan=5><img height=1 src=/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif width=1><tr><td align=right bgcolor=#CCCCCC class=qnum valign=top><div class=qnum>1.</div><td><img height=1 src=/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif width=5><td colspan=3 valign=top><img height=5 src=/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif width=1> <br> Which of the following combinations are correctly matched?<tr><td colspan=5><img height=5 src=/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif width=1><tr><td align=left colspan=2 valign=top><img height=1 src=/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif width=40><td align=left valign=top><img height=1 src=/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif width=40><td align=right valign=top><nobr> <input name=Answer1 type=radio value=QUIZ1_1> <b> A) </b> <img height=1 src=/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif width=10> </nobr><td align=left valign=top width=100%>70S – ribosome<tr><td align=left colspan=2 valign=top><img height=1 src=/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif width=40><td align=left valign=top><img height=1 src=/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif width=40><td align=right valign=top><nobr> <input name=Answer1 type=radio value=QUIZ1_2> <b> B) </b> <img height=1 src=/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif width=10> </nobr><td align=left valign=top width=100%>anticodon – mRNA<tr><td align=left colspan=2 valign=top><img height=1 src=/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif width=40><td align=left valign=top><img height=1 src=/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif width=40><td align=right valign=top><nobr> <input name=Answer1 type=radio value=QUIZ1_3> <b> C) </b> <img height=1 src=/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif width=10> </nobr><td align=left valign=top width=100%>codon – tRNA<tr><td align=left colspan=2 valign=top><img height=1 src=/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif width=40><td align=left valign=top><img height=1 src=/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif width=40><td align=right valign=top><nobr> <input name=Answer1 type=radio value=QUIZ1_4> <b> D) </b> <img height=1 src=/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif width=10> </nobr><td align=left valign=top width=100%>A and B<tr><td align=left colspan=2 valign=top><img height=1 src=/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif width=40><td align=left valign=top><img height=1 src=/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif width=40><td align=right valign=top><nobr> <input name=Answer1 type=radio value=QUIZ1_5> <b> E) </b> <img height=1 src=/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif width=10> </nobr><td align=left valign=top width=100%>A, B, and C</tr><input id=Question2 name=Question2 type=hidden value=2><input id=NoOfResponse2 name=NoOfResponse2 type=hidden value=5><tr><td bgcolor=#CCCCCC colspan=5><img height=1 src=/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif width=1><tr><td align=right bgcolor=#CCCCCC class=qnum valign=top><div class=qnum>2.</div><td><img height=1 src=/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif width=5><td colspan=3 valign=top><img height=5 src=/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif width=1> <br> Which of the following occurs as the ribosome shifts down the mRNA by a distance of one codon?<tr><td colspan=5><img height=5 src=/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif width=1><tr><td align=left colspan=2 valign=top><img height=1 src=/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif width=40><td align=left valign=top><img height=1 src=/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif width=40><td align=right valign=top><nobr> <input name=Answer2 type=radio value=QUIZ2_1> <b> A) </b> <img height=1 src=/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif width=10> </nobr><td align=left valign=top width=100%>the tRNA that was in the A site picks up another amino acid<tr><td align=left colspan=2 valign=top><img height=1 src=/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif width=40><td align=left valign=top><img height=1 src=/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif width=40><td align=right valign=top><nobr> <input name=Answer2 type=radio value=QUIZ2_2> <b> B) </b> <img height=1 src=/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif width=10> </nobr><td align=left valign=top width=100%>the tRNA that was in the A site releases the growing polypeptide chain<tr><td align=left colspan=2 valign=top><img height=1 src=/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif width=40><td align=left valign=top><img height=1 src=/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif width=40><td align=right valign=top><nobr> <input name=Answer2 type=radio value=QUIZ2_3> <b> C) </b> <img height=1 src=/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif width=10> </nobr><td align=left valign=top width=100%>the tRNA that was in the A site moves into the P site<tr><td align=left colspan=2 valign=top><img height=1 src=/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif width=40><td align=left valign=top><img height=1 src=/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif width=40><td align=right valign=top><nobr> <input name=Answer2 type=radio value=QUIZ2_4> <b> D) </b> <img height=1 src=/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif width=10> </nobr><td align=left valign=top width=100%>the tRNA that was in the P site moves into the A site<tr><td align=left colspan=2 valign=top><img height=1 src=/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif width=40><td align=left valign=top><img height=1 src=/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif width=40><td align=right valign=top><nobr> <input name=Answer2 type=radio value=QUIZ2_5> <b> E) </b> <img height=1 src=/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif width=10> </nobr><td align=left valign=top width=100%>the tRNA that was in the P site picks up another amino acid</tr><input id=Question3 name=Question3 type=hidden value=3><input id=NoOfResponse3 name=NoOfResponse3 type=hidden value=5><tr><td bgcolor=#CCCCCC colspan=5><img height=1 src=/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif width=1><tr><td align=right bgcolor=#CCCCCC class=qnum valign=top><div class=qnum>3.</div><td><img height=1 src=/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif width=5><td colspan=3 valign=top><img height=5 src=/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif width=1> <br> A certain polypeptide is 100 amino acids in length. During translation of this polypeptide, how many amino acids entered through the A site of the ribosome?<tr><td colspan=5><img height=5 src=/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif width=1><tr><td align=left colspan=2 valign=top><img height=1 src=/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif width=40><td align=left valign=top><img height=1 src=/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif width=40><td align=right valign=top><nobr> <input name=Answer3 type=radio value=QUIZ3_1> <b> A) </b> <img height=1 src=/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif width=10> </nobr><td align=left valign=top width=100%>1<tr><td align=left colspan=2 valign=top><img height=1 src=/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif width=40><td align=left valign=top><img height=1 src=/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif width=40><td align=right valign=top><nobr> <input name=Answer3 type=radio value=QUIZ3_2> <b> B) </b> <img height=1 src=/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif width=10> </nobr><td align=left valign=top width=100%>9<tr><td align=left colspan=2 valign=top><img height=1 src=/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif width=40><td align=left valign=top><img height=1 src=/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif width=40><td align=right valign=top><nobr> <input name=Answer3 type=radio value=QUIZ3_3> <b> C) </b> <img height=1 src=/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif width=10> </nobr><td align=left valign=top width=100%>50<tr><td align=left colspan=2 valign=top><img height=1 src=/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif width=40><td align=left valign=top><img height=1 src=/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif width=40><td align=right valign=top><nobr> <input name=Answer3 type=radio value=QUIZ3_4> <b> D) </b> <img height=1 src=/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif width=10> </nobr><td align=left valign=top width=100%>99<tr><td align=left colspan=2 valign=top><img height=1 src=/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif width=40><td align=left valign=top><img height=1 src=/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif width=40><td align=right valign=top><nobr> <input name=Answer3 type=radio value=QUIZ3_5> <b> E) </b> <img height=1 src=/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif width=10> </nobr><td align=left valign=top width=100%>100</tr><input id=Question4 name=Question4 type=hidden value=4><input id=NoOfResponse4 name=NoOfResponse4 type=hidden value=2><tr><td bgcolor=#CCCCCC colspan=5><img height=1 src=/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif width=1><tr><td align=right bgcolor=#CCCCCC class=qnum valign=top><div class=qnum>4.</div><td><img height=1 src=/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif width=5><td colspan=3 valign=top><img height=5 src=/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif width=1> <br> The large ribosomal subunit joins the translation initiation complex after the small subunit has already joined.<tr><td colspan=5><img height=5 src=/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif width=1><tr><td align=left colspan=2 valign=top><img height=1 src=/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif width=40><td align=left valign=top><img height=1 src=/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif width=40><td align=right valign=top><nobr> <input name=Answer4 type=radio value=QUIZ4_1> <b> A) </b> <img height=1 src=/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif width=10> </nobr><td align=left valign=top width=100%>True<tr><td align=left colspan=2 valign=top><img height=1 src=/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif width=40><td align=left valign=top><img height=1 src=/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif width=40><td align=right valign=top><nobr> <input name=Answer4 type=radio value=QUIZ4_2> <b> B) </b> <img height=1 src=/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif width=10> </nobr><td align=left valign=top width=100%>False</tr><input id=Question5 name=Question5 type=hidden value=5><input id=NoOfResponse5 name=NoOfResponse5 type=hidden value=2><tr><td bgcolor=#CCCCCC colspan=5><img height=1 src=/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif width=1><tr><td align=right bgcolor=#CCCCCC class=qnum valign=top><div class=qnum>5.</div><td><img height=1 src=/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif width=5><td colspan=3 valign=top><img height=5 src=/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif width=1> <br> Elongation of the polypeptide chain is terminated when a stop codon enters the P site of the ribosome.<tr><td colspan=5><img height=5 src=/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif width=1><tr><td align=left colspan=2 valign=top><img height=1 src=/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif width=40><td align=left valign=top><img height=1 src=/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif width=40><td align=right valign=top><nobr> <input name=Answer5 type=radio value=QUIZ5_1> <b> A) </b> <img height=1 src=/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif width=10> </nobr><td align=left valign=top width=100%>True<tr><td align=left colspan=2 valign=top><img height=1 src=/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif width=40><td align=left valign=top><img height=1 src=/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif width=40><td align=right valign=top><nobr> <input name=Answer5 type=radio value=QUIZ5_2> <b> B) </b> <img height=1 src=/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif width=10> </nobr><td align=left valign=top width=100%>False</table><div align=right><input value="Submit 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