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Input devices <sup class=reference id=cite_ref-1> <a href=#cite_note-1> [1] </a> </sup> are broken down into 3 categories: keyboards, pointing devices, and Data-Entry devices.<div aria-labelledby=mw-toc-heading class=toc id=toc role=navigation><input class=toctogglecheckbox id=toctogglecheckbox role=button style=display:none type=checkbox><div class=toctitle dir=ltr lang=en><h2 id=mw-toc-heading>Contents</h2><span class=toctogglespan> <label class=toctogglelabel for=toctogglecheckbox></label> </span></div><ul><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href=#Keyboard> <span class=tocnumber> 1 </span> <span class=toctext> Keyboard </span> </a><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href=#Mouse/Pointing_Device> <span class=tocnumber> 2 </span> <span class=toctext> Mouse/Pointing Device </span> </a> <ul><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href=#Mechanical_Mouse> <span class=tocnumber> 2.1 </span> <span class=toctext> Mechanical Mouse </span> </a><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href=#Optical_Mouse> <span class=tocnumber> 2.2 </span> <span class=toctext> Optical Mouse </span> </a><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href=#Trackball> <span class=tocnumber> 2.3 </span> <span class=toctext> Trackball </span> </a><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href=#Touchpad/Pointing_Stick> <span class=tocnumber> 2.4 </span> <span class=toctext> Touchpad/Pointing Stick </span> </a><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href=#Touch_Screen> <span class=tocnumber> 2.5 </span> <span class=toctext> Touch Screen </span> </a><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href=#Stylus> <span class=tocnumber> 2.6 </span> <span class=toctext> Stylus </span> </a><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href=#Light_Pen> <span class=tocnumber> 2.7 </span> <span class=toctext> Light Pen </span> </a><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href=#Digitizer> <span class=tocnumber> 2.8 </span> <span class=toctext> Digitizer </span> </a></ul><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href=#Scanner> <span class=tocnumber> 3 </span> <span class=toctext> Scanner </span> </a> <ul><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href=#Bar-Code> <span class=tocnumber> 3.1 </span> <span class=toctext> Bar-Code </span> </a><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href=#Fax> <span class=tocnumber> 3.2 </span> <span class=toctext> Fax </span> </a><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href=#Flat_Bed> <span class=tocnumber> 3.3 </span> <span class=toctext> Flat Bed </span> </a></ul><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15"><a href=#Speech_Recognition> <span class=tocnumber> 4 </span> <span class=toctext> Speech Recognition </span> </a> <ul><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href=#Phonetic_models> <span class=tocnumber> 4.1 </span> <span class=toctext> Phonetic models </span> </a><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17"><a href=#Dictionary> <span class=tocnumber> 4.2 </span> <span class=toctext> Dictionary </span> </a><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-18"><a href=#Grammar> <span class=tocnumber> 4.3 </span> <span class=toctext> Grammar </span> </a></ul><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-19"><a href=#References> <span class=tocnumber> 5 </span> <span class=toctext> References </span> </a></ul></div><h2><span class=mw-headline id=Keyboard> Keyboard </span> <span class=mw-editsection> <span class=mw-editsection-bracket> [ </span> <a title="Edit section: Keyboard"class=mw-editsection-visualeditor href=/w/index.php?title=Input_Devices&veaction=edit&section=1> edit </a> <span class=mw-editsection-divider> | </span> <a title="Edit section: Keyboard"href=/w/index.php?title=Input_Devices&action=edit&section=1> edit source </a> <span class=mw-editsection-bracket> ] </span> </span></h2><div class="thumb tright"><div class=thumbinner style=width:222px;><a class=image href=/wiki/File:Logitech_Gaming-Keyboard_G15.jpg> <img alt="Click for a larger view"srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Logitech_Gaming-Keyboard_G15.jpg/330px-Logitech_Gaming-Keyboard_G15.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Logitech_Gaming-Keyboard_G15.jpg/440px-Logitech_Gaming-Keyboard_G15.jpg 2x"class=thumbimage data-file-height=1028 data-file-width=2020 decoding=async height=112 src=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Logitech_Gaming-Keyboard_G15.jpg/220px-Logitech_Gaming-Keyboard_G15.jpg width=220> </a><div class=thumbcaption><div class=magnify><a class=internal href=/wiki/File:Logitech_Gaming-Keyboard_G15.jpg title=Enlarge> </a></div> A logitech gaming keyboard.</div></div></div><p>The <a title="w:Alphanumeric keyboard"class=extiw href=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphanumeric_keyboard> keyboard </a> is the usual text input device for a computer. Alternatives include the <a href=#Scanner> scanner </a> for printed text, with the input processed by optical character recognition (OCR) software, and the microphone for spoken text, with the input processed by <a href=#Speech_Recognition> speech recognition software </a> software. The keyboard translates keystrokes into signals that can be interpreted by the PC. As well as letters, numerals, and punctuation, keyboards have keys for navigation and 'control' keys that send instructions to the computer, as well as modifier keys that change the effect of keys that are pressed at the same time or just after the modifier. Some specialist keyboards have extra function keys that perform special actions when pressed. An example is a gaming keyboard seen on the right.<p><a class=extiw href=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QWERTY title=w:QWERTY> QWERTY </a> is the most common modern-day keyboard layout on English-language computer and typewriter keyboards. It takes its name from the first six letters seen in the keyboard's top first row of letters. The QWERTY design was patented by Christopher Sholes in 1867 and sold to Remington in 1873, when it first appeared in typewriters". "According to popular myth, Sholes arranged the keys in their odd fashion to prevent jamming on mechanical typewriters by separating commonly used letter combinations". <a class="external autonumber"href=http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/Q/QWERTY_keyboard.html rel=nofollow> [1] </a><div class="thumb tright"><div class=thumbinner style=width:222px;><a class=image href=/wiki/File:Keyboard_on_a_pocket-PC.jpg> <img srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Keyboard_on_a_pocket-PC.jpg/330px-Keyboard_on_a_pocket-PC.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Keyboard_on_a_pocket-PC.jpg/440px-Keyboard_on_a_pocket-PC.jpg 2x"alt class=thumbimage data-file-height=2448 data-file-width=3264 decoding=async height=165 src=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Keyboard_on_a_pocket-PC.jpg/220px-Keyboard_on_a_pocket-PC.jpg width=220> </a><div class=thumbcaption><div class=magnify><a class=internal href=/wiki/File:Keyboard_on_a_pocket-PC.jpg title=Enlarge> </a></div> A soft keyboard on a <a class=extiw href=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/smartphone title=w:smartphone> smartphone </a> .</div></div></div><p>An alternative to the QWERTY keyboard is the <a title="w:Dvorak Simplified Keyboard"class=extiw href=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dvorak_Simplified_Keyboard> Dvorak keyboard </a> , invented to achieve a more efficient method of typing, since the vowels were kept together. Sadly the Dvorak keyboard never received widespread use because QWERTY had become the de facto standard.<p>Keyboards may come in wireless, foldable or virtual varieties, as shown on the right. PC keyboards with standard US layout have 101 to 104 keys but designs with extra special purpose keys can have many more, as with 114-key gaming keyboards.<h2><span id=Mouse.2FPointing_Device> </span> <span class=mw-headline id=Mouse/Pointing_Device> Mouse/Pointing Device </span> <span class=mw-editsection> <span class=mw-editsection-bracket> [ </span> <a title="Edit section: Mouse/Pointing Device"class=mw-editsection-visualeditor href=/w/index.php?title=Input_Devices&veaction=edit&section=2> edit </a> <span class=mw-editsection-divider> | </span> <a title="Edit section: Mouse/Pointing Device"href=/w/index.php?title=Input_Devices&action=edit&section=2> edit source </a> <span class=mw-editsection-bracket> ] </span> </span></h2><p>Another type of input device that uses a pointing, or insertion device instead of characters from a keyboard. With the rise in graphical user interfaces, mice became the most commonly used method in controlling a computer. A mouse is used to manipulate objects and text etc. on the computer screen. This device can be plugged into the back of a computer, the back of a keyboard, or can even be cordless! The mouse was invented by <a title="w:Douglas Engelbart"class=extiw href=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_Engelbart> Doug Englebart </a> .<h3><span class=mw-headline id=Mechanical_Mouse> Mechanical Mouse </span> <span class=mw-editsection> <span class=mw-editsection-bracket> [ </span> <a title="Edit section: Mechanical Mouse"class=mw-editsection-visualeditor href=/w/index.php?title=Input_Devices&veaction=edit&section=3> edit </a> <span class=mw-editsection-divider> | </span> <a title="Edit section: Mechanical Mouse"href=/w/index.php?title=Input_Devices&action=edit&section=3> edit source </a> <span class=mw-editsection-bracket> ] </span> </span></h3><div class="thumb tright"><div class=thumbinner style=width:222px;><a class=image href=/wiki/File:Mouse-mechanism-cutaway.png> <img srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Mouse-mechanism-cutaway.png/330px-Mouse-mechanism-cutaway.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Mouse-mechanism-cutaway.png/440px-Mouse-mechanism-cutaway.png 2x"alt class=thumbimage data-file-height=436 data-file-width=530 decoding=async height=181 src=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Mouse-mechanism-cutaway.png/220px-Mouse-mechanism-cutaway.png width=220> </a><div class=thumbcaption><div class=magnify><a class=internal href=/wiki/File:Mouse-mechanism-cutaway.png title=Enlarge> </a></div> A look into the inner workings of a ball mouse.</div></div></div><p>The mechanical mouse, or ball mouse, utilizes a small rubber ball inside to transmit a spatial relationship between objects on the screen. The mechanical movement is done by 2 scroll bars that detects X and Y axis movement of the ball to allow it to glide on the desktop plane. The ball mouse was invented by Bill English in 1972.<p>Since it contained moving parts, the ball mouse was prone to dirt build up inside. Hairs would often get caught and rolled into the ball mechanism, causing the mouse to function erratically. With the falling cost of technology, ball mice have now been mostly replaced with lighter optical mice.<h3><span class=mw-headline id=Optical_Mouse> Optical Mouse </span> <span class=mw-editsection> <span class=mw-editsection-bracket> [ </span> <a title="Edit section: Optical Mouse"class=mw-editsection-visualeditor href=/w/index.php?title=Input_Devices&veaction=edit&section=4> edit </a> <span class=mw-editsection-divider> | </span> <a title="Edit section: Optical Mouse"href=/w/index.php?title=Input_Devices&action=edit&section=4> edit source </a> <span class=mw-editsection-bracket> ] </span> </span></h3><p>The <a title="w:Optical mouse"class=extiw href=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_mouse> optical mouse </a> uses a light-emitting diode and photodiodes to detect movement relative to the underlying surface, rather than moving some of its parts like the traditional trackball that detects movement of X and Y-axis. In order to increase the precision of the mouse, multiple infrared lasers with the increasing resolution are used.<p>Early optical mice came in two kinds. Type 1) Used an infrared LED and a four-quadrant infrared sensor to detect grid lines printed with infrared absorbing ink on a special metallic surface. Type 2) Used a 16-pixel visible-light image sensor with integrated motion detection on the same chip[17] and tracked the motion of light dots in a dark field of a printed paper or similar mousepad.[18]<p>This mouse actually takes 1,500 camera-like images per second and the images are sent to a processor to determine changes in the patterns to allow the computer to notice how the position of the mouse has changed and therefore the cursor on the computer screen reacts accordingly. <a class="external autonumber"href=http://computer.howstuffworks.com/question631.htm rel=nofollow> [2] </a><p><a title="w:Optical mouse"class=extiw href=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_mouse#Modern_optical_mice> Modern optical mice </a> work with a variety of plain surfaces. Commonly, this is achieved by illuminating the surface (with LED or in some cases laser) at a glancing angle so that texture in the surface is highlighted as bright and dark regions. This relief is photographed at high speed, for example using an image sensor having an 18 × 18 array, and successive images are compared in order to compute the motion of the mouse.<h3><span class=mw-headline id=Trackball> Trackball </span> <span class=mw-editsection> <span class=mw-editsection-bracket> [ </span> <a title="Edit section: Trackball"class=mw-editsection-visualeditor href=/w/index.php?title=Input_Devices&veaction=edit&section=5> edit </a> <span class=mw-editsection-divider> | </span> <a title="Edit section: Trackball"href=/w/index.php?title=Input_Devices&action=edit&section=5> edit source </a> <span class=mw-editsection-bracket> ] </span> </span></h3><p>Another pointing device is a <a class=extiw href=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trackball title=w:Trackball> trackball </a> , It is somewhat in reverse of a standard mouse. The Trackball has a platform that is stable and does not move. The ball is on the top side, the user moves the ball with their fingers or thumb. In many ways this can be much more accurate then a standard mouse and requires less space than a mouse as it does not require extra room for movement, so it is the built-in pointing devices on some laptops. It was also used by Blackberry in some of their early smartphones. The trackball uses numerous optical sensors to track movement often using specially coated ball to help in accuracy.<h3><span id=Touchpad.2FPointing_Stick> </span> <span class=mw-headline id=Touchpad/Pointing_Stick> Touchpad/Pointing Stick </span> <span class=mw-editsection> <span class=mw-editsection-bracket> [ </span> <a title="Edit section: Touchpad/Pointing Stick"class=mw-editsection-visualeditor href=/w/index.php?title=Input_Devices&veaction=edit&section=6> edit </a> <span class=mw-editsection-divider> | </span> <a title="Edit section: Touchpad/Pointing Stick"href=/w/index.php?title=Input_Devices&action=edit&section=6> edit source </a> <span class=mw-editsection-bracket> ] </span> </span></h3><p>Touch pads are most commonly built into a laptop computer. A touch pad is a rectangular plastic piece which can control the pointer on a computer simply by dragging your finger across its surface. A pointing stick resembles an pencil eraser and is commonly located in between keys on a laptop key board. To control the pointer on the computer with a pointing stick you use your finger to bend the stick in the direction you would like the pointer to move.<p>Touchpads were originally known as trackpads. Some touchpads can have multiple mouse buttons by either tapping in a special corner of the pad, or by tapping with two or more fingers. Scrolling is implemented in touchpads along the sides, although this can be configured in touchpad settings. Some touchpads respond to multitouch, like the touchpads found on MacBooks.<p>A touchpad differs from a point stick in that it allows one to move the cursor about without having to adjust the position of your hand. Some find this more convenient because pressure is not needed to move the sensor. Touchpads are also more accurate, albeit, expensive compared to pointing sticks. Once again due to the virtues of cheaper technology, a touchpad is considered standard on a laptop.<h3><span class=mw-headline id=Touch_Screen> Touch Screen </span> <span class=mw-editsection> <span class=mw-editsection-bracket> [ </span> <a title="Edit section: Touch Screen"class=mw-editsection-visualeditor href=/w/index.php?title=Input_Devices&veaction=edit&section=7> edit </a> <span class=mw-editsection-divider> | </span> <a title="Edit section: Touch Screen"href=/w/index.php?title=Input_Devices&action=edit&section=7> edit source </a> <span class=mw-editsection-bracket> ] </span> </span></h3><div class="thumb tright"><div class=thumbinner style=width:222px;><a class=image href=/wiki/File:IPhone_at_Macworld_(angled_view).jpg> <img srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/IPhone_at_Macworld_%28angled_view%29.jpg/330px-IPhone_at_Macworld_%28angled_view%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/IPhone_at_Macworld_%28angled_view%29.jpg/440px-IPhone_at_Macworld_%28angled_view%29.jpg 2x"alt class=thumbimage data-file-height=1910 data-file-width=1091 decoding=async height=385 src=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/IPhone_at_Macworld_%28angled_view%29.jpg/220px-IPhone_at_Macworld_%28angled_view%29.jpg width=220> </a><div class=thumbcaption><div class=magnify><a class=internal href=/wiki/File:IPhone_at_Macworld_(angled_view).jpg title=Enlarge> </a></div> An Iphone uses a glass capacitative touch screen to handle input</div></div></div><p>By using the touch of a finger on a computer screen, the computer is able to receive input from the movement of your finger to control operations of the computer. The finger transfers electrical currents to the computer. Touch screens are commonly used on ATM machines, bridal directories, and these days at self-checkout stations in places like Wal-Mart.<p>There are 2 common types of touch screen, resistive screens and capacitive screens. Resistive screen operate by using 2 thin layers. When one layer comes into contact with another (from someone pressing the screen), they form a connection which can be translated into a pair of coordinates a computer uses.<p>The second technology utilises the concept that the human body is a conductor, and when someone taps on a resisting material (such as a glass panel), a change in capacitance is observed, and the computer can determine where the user made a selection. This type of technology is known as <a title="w:Capacitive sensing"class=extiw href=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capacitive_sensing> Capacitive sensing </a> . A popular use of capacitative sensing is the touch screens in popular smartphones such as the Iphone.<div style=clear:both;></div><h3><span class=mw-headline id=Stylus> Stylus </span> <span class=mw-editsection> <span class=mw-editsection-bracket> [ </span> <a title="Edit section: Stylus"class=mw-editsection-visualeditor href=/w/index.php?title=Input_Devices&veaction=edit&section=8> edit </a> <span class=mw-editsection-divider> | </span> <a title="Edit section: Stylus"href=/w/index.php?title=Input_Devices&action=edit&section=8> edit source </a> <span class=mw-editsection-bracket> ] </span> </span></h3><div class="thumb tright"><div class=thumbinner style=width:182px;><a class=image href=/wiki/File:DS0074_1_lq.jpg> <img srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/DS0074_1_lq.jpg/270px-DS0074_1_lq.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/DS0074_1_lq.jpg/360px-DS0074_1_lq.jpg 2x"alt class=thumbimage data-file-height=294 data-file-width=383 decoding=async height=138 src=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/DS0074_1_lq.jpg/180px-DS0074_1_lq.jpg width=180> </a><div class=thumbcaption><div class=magnify><a class=internal href=/wiki/File:DS0074_1_lq.jpg title=Enlarge> </a></div> 3 colorful styli</div></div></div><p>A Stylus (which is Latin for stake or pointed object) is a small pen-like device used to enter data by reacting to a touch-sensitive screen or film. Styli allow a user to input handwriting specific pieces of information like signatures. Many artists also utilize styli with the use of a tablet.<p>One important feature of a stylus is its tip which ideally is made of a firm but non-scratching form of plastic. The body of a stylus can be made from anything ranging from synthetic plastic to bronze or chrome in some situations.<p>Styli are used with many popular devices like Palm Pilots and Trios, Blackberries and Nintendo DSs. Their popularity has reached a point where some company's offer conversion kits to change high-end or ergonomic writing pens into a stylus.<h3><span class=mw-headline id=Light_Pen> Light Pen </span> <span class=mw-editsection> <span class=mw-editsection-bracket> [ </span> <a title="Edit section: Light Pen"class=mw-editsection-visualeditor href=/w/index.php?title=Input_Devices&veaction=edit&section=9> edit </a> <span class=mw-editsection-divider> | </span> <a title="Edit section: Light Pen"href=/w/index.php?title=Input_Devices&action=edit&section=9> edit source </a> <span class=mw-editsection-bracket> ] </span> </span></h3><p>Light pen is a device which looks like a pen connected to the computer the user can bring the pen to which ever they want to locate.<p>A computer input device, with a light sensitive wand works with CRT monitors. Used like/for a touch screen with higher They were used in engineering, graphic design and illustrating but light pens have been replaced by other technologies.<h3><span class=mw-headline id=Digitizer> Digitizer </span> <span class=mw-editsection> <span class=mw-editsection-bracket> [ </span> <a title="Edit section: Digitizer"class=mw-editsection-visualeditor href=/w/index.php?title=Input_Devices&veaction=edit&section=10> edit </a> <span class=mw-editsection-divider> | </span> <a title="Edit section: Digitizer"href=/w/index.php?title=Input_Devices&action=edit&section=10> edit source </a> <span class=mw-editsection-bracket> ] </span> </span></h3><p>A digitizer is a "pointing" technology implemented on computer tablets. It consists of the "tablet", an electronically integrated surface representative (to the computer) of an XY-axis grid. Using the electronic stylus (pen), the tablet will detect the stylus' movements and convert it into digital signals for the computer to use. A digitizing tablet is commonly used in the engineering and architectural industries as well as for fine and commercial art.<h2><span class=mw-headline id=Scanner> Scanner </span> <span class=mw-editsection> <span class=mw-editsection-bracket> [ </span> <a title="Edit section: Scanner"class=mw-editsection-visualeditor href=/w/index.php?title=Input_Devices&veaction=edit&section=11> edit </a> <span class=mw-editsection-divider> | </span> <a title="Edit section: Scanner"href=/w/index.php?title=Input_Devices&action=edit&section=11> edit source </a> <span class=mw-editsection-bracket> ] </span> </span></h2><p>A scanner is a device that uses light to read an image or text and turn it into a digital message. This media can then be used to store, change and send the image or text. There are various types of scanners. The three most common are Drum, flatbed and hand. Drum scanners use photomultiplier tubes (PMT). Flatbed scanners use a glass pane and a bright light. Hand scanners are dragged across the image manually.<h3><span class=mw-headline id=Bar-Code> Bar-Code </span> <span class=mw-editsection> <span class=mw-editsection-bracket> [ </span> <a title="Edit section: Bar-Code"class=mw-editsection-visualeditor href=/w/index.php?title=Input_Devices&veaction=edit&section=12> edit </a> <span class=mw-editsection-divider> | </span> <a title="Edit section: Bar-Code"href=/w/index.php?title=Input_Devices&action=edit&section=12> edit source </a> <span class=mw-editsection-bracket> ] </span> </span></h3><div class="thumb tright"><div class=thumbinner style=width:222px;><a class=image href=/wiki/File:12345678901-2-23456_barcode_UPC(A).svg> <img srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/12345678901-2-23456_barcode_UPC%28A%29.svg/330px-12345678901-2-23456_barcode_UPC%28A%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/12345678901-2-23456_barcode_UPC%28A%29.svg/440px-12345678901-2-23456_barcode_UPC%28A%29.svg.png 2x"alt class=thumbimage data-file-height=400 data-file-width=650 decoding=async height=135 src=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/12345678901-2-23456_barcode_UPC%28A%29.svg/220px-12345678901-2-23456_barcode_UPC%28A%29.svg.png width=220> </a><div class=thumbcaption><div class=magnify><a class=internal href=/wiki/File:12345678901-2-23456_barcode_UPC(A).svg title=Enlarge> </a></div> A barcode.</div></div></div><p>A bar code is a series of stripes that vary in thickness. These stripes represent numbers, which a computer reads as data. Bar codes are printed on products that are sold in retail, as well as postal service packages, rental videos etc. Bar Codes are still in common use today. With the introduction of Wifi enabled smartphones with cameras, barcodes can be scanned on products and matched to an online database which allows someone to compare prices between various retail stores without having to visit each one. Another use of this combination is finding the nutritional content of a consumable product by scanning its barcode.<p>The first bar code was on a package of Wrigley's Gum in 1974.<h3><span class=mw-headline id=Fax> Fax </span> <span class=mw-editsection> <span class=mw-editsection-bracket> [ </span> <a title="Edit section: Fax"class=mw-editsection-visualeditor href=/w/index.php?title=Input_Devices&veaction=edit&section=13> edit </a> <span class=mw-editsection-divider> | </span> <a title="Edit section: Fax"href=/w/index.php?title=Input_Devices&action=edit&section=13> edit source </a> <span class=mw-editsection-bracket> ] </span> </span></h3><div style="float:right; clear:right; margin-left:5px; margin-bottom:1px; margin-top:1px; border:1px solid #aaaaaa;"><table style="border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0; width:228px; background:#ffffff; ; border:0px;"><tbody><tr><td style=width:45px;height:45px;background:#e4e4e4;text-align:center;border:0px;><a class=image href=/wiki/File:Wikipedia-logo.png> <img srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Wikipedia-logo.png/54px-Wikipedia-logo.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Wikipedia-logo.png/72px-Wikipedia-logo.png 2x"alt=Wikipedia-logo.png data-file-height=200 data-file-width=200 decoding=async height=36 src=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Wikipedia-logo.png/36px-Wikipedia-logo.png width=36> </a><td style="font-size:8pt; padding:0.5em; line-height:1.25em; border:0px;">Search for <i> <b> <a class=extiw href=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Fax title=w:Special:Search/Fax> Fax </a> </b> </i> on <a class=extiw href=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia title=m:Wikipedia> Wikipedia </a> .</table></div><p>Fax which is short for facsimile, is a telecommunications technology used to transfer copies of documents, and was first used through telephone network. Fax is also known as a telecopier in certain industries. A fax machine consists of a scanner, a modem, a printer, and a phone.<h3><span class=mw-headline id=Flat_Bed> Flat Bed </span> <span class=mw-editsection> <span class=mw-editsection-bracket> [ </span> <a title="Edit section: Flat Bed"class=mw-editsection-visualeditor href=/w/index.php?title=Input_Devices&veaction=edit&section=14> edit </a> <span class=mw-editsection-divider> | </span> <a title="Edit section: Flat Bed"href=/w/index.php?title=Input_Devices&action=edit&section=14> edit source </a> <span class=mw-editsection-bracket> ] </span> </span></h3><p>A flatbed scanner works in a similar fashion to a photocopier. The scanned image is stationary, usually sitting on a piece of glass. The scanning beam then moves across the image to copy the data. The flatbed scanner is also known as a desktop scanner. It can be found combined with printers, due to their low cost.<h2><span class=mw-headline id=Speech_Recognition> Speech Recognition </span> <span class=mw-editsection> <span class=mw-editsection-bracket> [ </span> <a title="Edit section: Speech Recognition"class=mw-editsection-visualeditor href=/w/index.php?title=Input_Devices&veaction=edit&section=15> edit </a> <span class=mw-editsection-divider> | </span> <a title="Edit section: Speech Recognition"href=/w/index.php?title=Input_Devices&action=edit&section=15> edit source </a> <span class=mw-editsection-bracket> ] </span> </span></h2><p>Input to a computer can take the form of speech. While technology for this is not widespread, speech input is constantly improving, and may find use in everyday life in the near future.<h3><span class=mw-headline id=Phonetic_models> Phonetic models </span> <span class=mw-editsection> <span class=mw-editsection-bracket> [ </span> <a title="Edit section: Phonetic models"class=mw-editsection-visualeditor href=/w/index.php?title=Input_Devices&veaction=edit&section=16> edit </a> <span class=mw-editsection-divider> | </span> <a title="Edit section: Phonetic models"href=/w/index.php?title=Input_Devices&action=edit&section=16> edit source </a> <span class=mw-editsection-bracket> ] </span> </span></h3><p>Sounds (phonemes) are the basis of words. The computer can identify the sounds and match them with potential words. Word with the same phonemes (their and there) can be selected by the words around them using grammar.<h3><span class=mw-headline id=Dictionary> Dictionary </span> <span class=mw-editsection> <span class=mw-editsection-bracket> [ </span> <a title="Edit section: Dictionary"class=mw-editsection-visualeditor href=/w/index.php?title=Input_Devices&veaction=edit&section=17> edit </a> <span class=mw-editsection-divider> | </span> <a title="Edit section: Dictionary"href=/w/index.php?title=Input_Devices&action=edit&section=17> edit source </a> <span class=mw-editsection-bracket> ] </span> </span></h3><p>A speech recognition dictionary creation device can create a speech recognition dictionary capable of recognizing even an abbreviated expression of a word with a high recognition ratio. The device consist of: a word separation section for dividing a recognition object speech consisting of one or more words into constituting words, a string acquisition section for creating a string for each of the constituting words according to the reading of the constituting words separated, an abbreviated word creation rule storage section for storing an abbreviated word creation rule using; an abbreviated word creation section for taking a out of a string of each constituting word, joining them so as to create a candidate of an abbreviated word containing one or more and applying the abbreviated word creation rule to the candidates so as to create an abbreviated word; and vocabulary section for storing the created abbreviated word together with the recognition object word as a speech recognition dictionary.<h3><span class=mw-headline id=Grammar> Grammar </span> <span class=mw-editsection> <span class=mw-editsection-bracket> [ </span> <a title="Edit section: Grammar"class=mw-editsection-visualeditor href=/w/index.php?title=Input_Devices&veaction=edit&section=18> edit </a> <span class=mw-editsection-divider> | </span> <a title="Edit section: Grammar"href=/w/index.php?title=Input_Devices&action=edit&section=18> edit source </a> <span class=mw-editsection-bracket> ] </span> </span></h3><p>Matching phonemes with words requires the use of grammar. ("their" house, or over "there")<h2><span class=mw-headline id=References> References </span> <span class=mw-editsection> <span class=mw-editsection-bracket> [ </span> <a title="Edit section: References"class=mw-editsection-visualeditor href=/w/index.php?title=Input_Devices&veaction=edit&section=19> edit </a> <span class=mw-editsection-divider> | </span> <a title="Edit section: References"href=/w/index.php?title=Input_Devices&action=edit&section=19> edit source </a> <span class=mw-editsection-bracket> ] </span> </span></h2><style data-mw-deduplicate=TemplateStyles:r2289029>.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class=reflist><div class=mw-references-wrap><ol class=references><li id=cite_note-1><span class=mw-cite-backlink> <a href=#cite_ref-1> ↑ </a> </span> <span class=reference-text> <a title="wikipedia:Input device"class=extiw href=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Input_device> Wikipedia:Input device </a> </span></ol></div></div></div><noscript><img style="border: none; position: absolute;"alt height=1 src=//en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1 width=1></noscript><div class=printfooter>Retrieved from " <a dir=ltr 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