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Running sprinklers at night time

_URL_0_ (4 am - 9am) Read #3, in Texas the water loss to evaporation is rediculous

suppression system. Most automatic suppression systems would be found in large commercial kitchens or other high-risk areas. Sprinkler systems Fire sprinkler systems are installed in all types of buildings, commercial and residential. They are usually located at ceiling level and are connected to a reliable water source, most commonly city water. A typical sprinkler system operates when heat at the site of a fire causes a glass component in the sprinkler head to fail, thereby releasing the water from the sprinkler head. This means that only the sprinkler head at the fire location operates – not all the sprinklers on

How odds work if everything is random?

Odds basically tell you that if the exact same situation were to occur an infinite number of times, what portion of those times would lead to that specific result. e.g. If you have the Ace of Hearts, King of Hearts, Queen of Hearts and Jack of Hearts in your hand and 48 shuffled cards in front of you, there is a 1 in 48 chance you will end up with a 10 of hearts for a Royal Flush. There is no way of guessing which card will come up next, but if you shuffled that deck drew a card (made note of which card it was, replaced it and repeat) millions of times, you would get the Royal Flush 1/48 of the time. A pro would make that bet if it pays better than 48 times their money. They will only win 1/48 of the time, but if they get the chance to make that bet many many times in their lives, the rare win will make up for the cost of the losses.

to the total number of possible outcomes. Odds against When the probability that the event will not happen is greater than the probability that it will, then the odds are "against" that event happening. Odds of 6 to 1, for example, are therefore sometimes said to be "6 to 1 against". To a gambler, "odds against" means that the amount he or she will win is greater than the amount staked. Odds on "Odds on" is the opposite of "odds against". It means that the event is more likely to happen than not. This is sometimes expressed with the smaller

How do Jeopardy contestant's study?

Okay, so no Ken Jennings. How about Arthur Chu? From [this](_URL_0_) article: > Literally the first thing I did when I got the call was to ask myself, “Do I feel ready?” And the answer is, “Hell no, I don’t feel ready.” Thankfully, we live in the electronic age. So without having to use too much ingenuity or creativity, I just typed “Jeopardy! strategy” and “Jeopardy! studying” into Google, and lo and behold… > Jeopardy! has been around for 30 years. All of the advice about how to study for Jeopardy! and how to play Jeopardy! has already been written. There’s a community online, called the J-board, of past Jeopardy! contestants and fans who just talk about this all the time. So I absorbed a lot of strategies from the greats. One of them was Roger Craig, who won a couple years ago and who broke the one-day total winnings record. He’s brilliant. He is a computer scientist, and he actually combed through an archive of past Jeopardy! games using an algorithm that scrapes all the clues out and figured out what the most common categories were, what the most common high-value categories were. Then he compared it to his own performance using flashcards to tell him where his most important weak spots were. > Jeopardy! feels like it can be anything, but most of the really random clues come in the first round. The higher-value clues in Double Jeopardy are much more limited. They’re much more about traditional academic knowledge, things that a gentleman and a scholar is supposed to know, like history, geography, literature. And Final Jeopardy is often really focused on Americana. They love state capitals, state nicknames, U.S. presidential facts. > You can’t possibly learn everything you need to know to get a perfect score, but to greatly increase your chance of winning, there are a few finite sets of knowledge that you actually can memorize. You can memorize what all the state capitals and all the world capitals are. You can find a list of all the official state nicknames and memorize those. And once you’ve done that, because those things come up over and over again, you’ve given yourself a big advantage. > There’s a program that Roger Craig recommended, that I ended up using as well, called Anki. It’s a free program, and it uses what they call space repetition, which is an algorithm that keeps track of how well you do on flashcards and focuses on giving you the flashcards that give you the most trouble at regular intervals. So you boost your knowledge where you need help the most. I’m not a computer scientist, so unlike Roger Craig, I didn’t have a super scientific way of judging what I needed to know. I just looked at his comments. “Oh, you need to know about Nobel Prize-winning literature writers. You need to know about U.S. presidential facts.” And then I just put together a little study guide and committed to it. I started doing that every night instead of going out with friends or acknowledging my wife.

have a maximum of eight questions to answer, being forced to bet at least half of what they had at that particular point in the game. The catch was that each question came from one of ten different categories, and the contestant never knew where they would come from. However, the contestant was shown the category before the question was asked, so they would know and could bet accordingly. Along the way, each contestant had two "Second Chances", which were used to help the contestant. One "Second Chance" allowed the contestant to switch the question for one in a category

how can i press my stomach out?

The mechanism for inhaling is using your diaphragm to basically pull down, creating negative pressure in your lungs. When you inhale deeply to cause your abdomen to protrude, you relax your abdominal muscles and your diaphragm pushes down slightly on your abdominal organs, mostly your intestines, causing your abdomen to stick out. Edit: accuracy

never really moves. The stomach twistes with the feet therefore, the "stomach rubs the hand". If truckin is being done around a circle the outside hand is always up. Pose and Peck: Put hands on hips, and do pecking with head. Scarecrow: First 4 counts are Charleston basic. Second 4 counts, put upper arms straight out to side, and let forearms dangle loosely, and tilt head to side. Often the feet are slightly apart, with the knees drooping together. Shorty George: Named for George Snowden. Walk a straight line using very small steps. Keep upper body upright while dramatically bending knees. With each

How do phones and iPods and such know when they are turned sideways?

_URL_0_ It's called an accelerometer. This guy breaks it dowwn.

immediately and is correctly aligned. For a drive without the sensor, the mechanism attempts to move the head the maximum possible number of positions needed to reach track zero, knowing that once this motion is complete, the head will be positioned over track zero. Some drive mechanisms such as the Apple II ​5 ¹⁄₄-inch drive without a track zero sensor, produce characteristic mechanical noises when trying to move the heads past the reference surface. This physical striking is responsible for the ​5 ¹⁄₄-inch drive clicking during the boot of an Apple II, and the loud rattles of its DOS and ProDOS when disk

What would be the simplest way to "unplug" the internet, causing total shut down by means of disabling hardware?

Like, in your house? Or the whole thing? In your house, just unplug the cable between the router and the modem. The Internet as a whole is so resilient (it was intended to survive nuclear strikes) that it would be extraordinarily difficult. Global thermonuclear war might do it.

Stop Procrastinating Features The software allows users to set a time from one minute to 24 hours and then chose one of three options to block the internet for the time period they have selected. One option allows users to block the internet connection completely but reconnect to the internet by restarting the computer before the time is completed, while a second option prevents users getting back online until the time is up, even if they restart. The software offers a third option called a blacklist, where users can list websites they wish to block, thus still having access to

The whole Wiki leaks and assange debacle.

Assange made a website that exposed private and sensitive information about important people and events, in particular the government, and they got angry.

accidentally discovered Assange dyeing it that colour. As the film ends, it is revealed that WikiLeaks is continuing to leak information (with Assange implied to have either regained the site or rebuilt it), and the Manning documents were released with no redactions. Daniel has written a book on his involvement with the organization on which this film was based, and Assange has threatened to sue in retaliation. Assange is shown to be living in the Ecuadorian embassy in London to avoid arrest on an outstanding warrant for alleged sex crimes. In an interview, he denounces the two upcoming WikiLeaks films, stating

What is homeopathy?

It's basically a magic potion with nothing in it. The idea is that you take a bit of something that causes the symptoms you want (say, some caffeine to make a sleeping pill, because caffeine causes you to stay awake), add it to water, do a magical ritual involving shaking the thing in certain directions a specific number of times. Then you take a tiny bit of the solution you've made, and put that into another container of water, and repeat the ritual. Now you have a tenth or a hundredth the caffeine you had the last time around. Do this a bunch of times until the solution has diluted all the stuff out of it completely, and you have nothing but shaken water remaining. Now you have a homeopathic medication. The reason that people make fun of it is that it's so utterly absurd. A lot of people seem to be under the mistaken impression that it's some form of herbal medicine or something. It isn't. It's a form of ritual magic that in the end gives you a potion consisting of no medicinal ingredients whatsoever.

persuade homeopathic physicians of their self-delusion and challenge them to design a methodologically sound trial, which if negative would finally persuade them to shut up shop... Homeopathy is based on an absurd concept that denies progress in physics and chemistry. Some 160 years after Homeopathy and Its Kindred Delusions, an essay by Oliver Wendell Holmes, we are still debating whether homeopathy is a placebo or not... Homeopathic principles are bold conjectures. There has been no spectacular corroboration of any of its founding principles... After more than 200 years, we are still waiting for homeopathy "heretics" to be proved right, during

How my wife and kids would go about inheriting things that are only in my name like bank accounts, house, ect..

By default, after you die, everything will go to your legal next of kin. That person (or persons) is defined in this order, and if you don't have a living member of each group, it passes to the next one down: Spouse Children Parents Siblings I believe that next comes grandkids, then grandparents, but don't quote me on that. So if you don't have a spouse, but you have 3 kids and 2 parents living, your property would be split between your kids by default. And they'd inherit debts and things as well. A will exists to change these defaults. Say you have a spouse, but you still want to make sure that certain things go to your kids, your will would enumerate "Hey, my kids get this, this and this, and my spouse gets whatever I didn't list."

only ancestors of the owner, but (so far as known) every male-line descendant of those ancestors, thus including many people in the ranks of the "Landed Gentry" families who had never owned an acre in their lives but who might share in the status of their eponymous kin as connected, however remotely to the landed gentry or to a county family.

What is my all carbs/protein diet doing for me?

Weight gain is dependent on calories in and calories burned. It doesn't matter where you're getting those calories from, if you burn them all through activity and lifestyle, then you're not going to put on weight. Olympic Swimmer Michael Phelps ate somewhere around 2000 Calories for breakfast (remember watching a documentary - his breakfast had eggs, bacon, sausages, waffles with syrup, etc). My only concern about your diet would be that your lack of fruits and vegetables could mean you're risking various vitamin deficiencies such as Vitamin C, A, B12, K, etc. Not to mention you might not be getting that much fibre and depending on what exactly it is you eat, your cholesterol level could suffer.

Protein (nutrient) Proteins are essential nutrients for the human body. They are one of the building blocks of body tissue and can also serve as a fuel source. As a fuel, proteins provide as much energy density as carbohydrates: 4 kcal (17 kJ) per gram; in contrast, lipids provide 9 kcal (37 kJ) per gram. The most important aspect and defining characteristic of protein from a nutritional standpoint is its amino acid composition. Proteins are polymer chains made of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds. During human digestion, proteins are broken down in the stomach to smaller polypeptide chains

What ultimately stops you from jumping higher on a trampoline?

Diminishing returns. The first time you jump on a trampoline, the only real force pushing you upward is coming from your legs. On the next bounce, the trampoline converts a bunch of your downward momentum into upward momentum and helps push you back up into the air. If you push off again with your legs as that's happening, you will go even higher than you did the first time. That means on the next bounce, you have even more downward momentum that the trampoline will convert into upward momentum for you (because you're falling from a higher distance and picking up more speed on the way down). This works the first few times, but eventually you hit a point where you're already being pushed up into the air so quickly each time, your legs can't really do anything significant to help.

are highly trained, they are also attempting to perform complex manoeuvres which could lead to accidents and falls. Trampolines used in competitions have their springs covered in pads to reduce the chance of injury when landing off the bed. They also have padded end decks, which are the locations that athletes are most likely to fall off the trampoline. The rules for international competitions (updated by FIG in 2006) also require 200mm thick mats on the floor for 2 metres around each trampoline and for there to be four spotters whose task it is to attempt to catch or reduce

Are calories just calories? Is it the same if you get a calorie from a fizzy drink or a piece of fruit or a slice of potato or a bit of cheese?

Yes, a calorie is a calorie, source is largely irrelevant, but that doesn't necessarily mean your body will react the same way. The input isn't different, but the output can be. A simplistic analogy might be to consider getting punched with a certain measure of force (say 5 newtons). If you got punched like this in a boxing match, or in a tense situation on the street, it might neither surprise you much, nor would it hurt. If however, your mother or significant other hit you with the same level of force, you might end up massively more shocked, noticing it far more etc. In the same way whilst the force (calories) of an input will always be the same, the way your body reacts to the input will vary depending on its local environment - is it currently undergoing severe starvation, do you have a metabolic disease, are you middle aged etc. The local environment your body finds itself in can influence how it reacts to a calorie. This can be influenced by, amongst other things, the food you eat. So calories from fizzy drinks, whilst theoretically the same as other calories, might be treated differently by the body than a calorie from a piece of fruit, because of knock on effects from consuming a fizzy drink. The calories themselves aren't different but the method of administration can alter the reaction your body has to it. There are probably additional effects (albeit not particularly large) depending on things such as whether you have just exercised, how easily digestible the food is, current energy/glucose levels etc, or even your own personal biological quirks that influence how your body operates. Most of this stuff is relatively small scale though, and not worth worrying about at an individual level. _URL_0_

in calories, sometimes having as few as 4 per 100ml diluted, and they are marketed towards families seeking low calorie alternatives. They tend to be very low in fruit juice, as fruit juice contains natural sugars, so they usually also contain natural or artificial flavourings (isoamyl acetate for pear or banana, or mixed with malic acid to make an apple-like flavour, ethyl methylphenylglycidate for strawberry, octyl acetate for orange, allyl hexanoate for pineapple etc.) to make up for the lack of fruit juice taste. Animal consumption The gorillas at London Zoo are given both squash and cold fruit tea to

What can I do as a single individual to get Gary Johnson in the debates?

You could phone bank, donate to his campaign, that sort of thing. The question you should be asking yourself is why you want Gary Johnson in the debates. His economic policies are frankly terrible. He thinks that socialized medicine is a bad thing, when it's been proven to be the superior system in every measure except 5 year cancer survival rate. He's courted anti-vaxxers, a movement I would like to point out quite literally kills children. Sure, it would be nice to have alternate voices on the campaign trail. But I would prefer to have sane ones rather than crazy ones.

of five, that took place that day. Johnson was criticised by his competitor Jeremy Hunt for failing to appear alongside him and the other candidates in a debate on 16 June. During the debate, which was broadcast by Channel 4, Hunt asked: "If his team won’t allow him out with five fairly friendly colleagues, how is he going to deal with 27 European countries?" On 16 June, the second ballot took place, and Johnson gained the backing of 12 more MPs, taking his number of votes to 126. He achieved 143 votes in the third ballot and 157 in the

(or 18): Indefinite Detention Act

The portion everyone's worried about basically states that if someone is accused or suspected of being a terrorist the US government can detain (lock up) them indefinitely regardless of whether or not they are an American citizen. This is a big deal because, in addition to reminding everyone of the Red Scare in the 50s, it is a direct violation of the bill of rights, specifically the fourth amendment. > Fourth Amendment – Protection from unreasonable search and seizure. The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized. --Wikipedia Basically without a warrant, they cannot arrest you unless they see you committing the crime. This would remove that protection without modifying the constitution. In any sane environment it would immediately be thrown out by the Supreme Court as a violation of the constitution, but that its gotten this far to being passed is extremely worrying in and of itself. TL;DR: If the government doesn't like what you are saying/doing (OWS) they can 'suspect' you of terrorism, or of planning terrorism, or having vague ties to terrorism, and detain you indefinitely behind bars. Or at least that's my understanding. Edit: Personally the distinction in the past few years that the constitution only protects American citizens and that for anyone else we can even ignore the Geneva convention if we feel like it is just as, if not more worrisome. Who the hell thinks like that. I don't care if he's British he's still human.

or essential services therein". The period of detention may be renewed by the President indefinitely for periods not exceeding two years at a time as long as the grounds for detention continue to exist. The ISA has its constitutional basis in Article 149 of the Constitution, which sanctions preventive detention and allows for laws passed by the legislature against subversion to override the Articles protecting the personal liberties of the individual. Specifically, Article 149(1) declares such legislation to be valid notwithstanding any inconsistency with five of the fundamental liberty provisions in the Constitution, including Article 9. Thus, detentions under the ISA

Why do computer telephone response systems always ask me to type a bunch of info, then transfer me to a human who asks for the exact same info?

I used to work for costumer service and we do this to make it an unpleasant experience for the costumer so that they never call again. It's the same concept as those In-mail rebates that tend to be annoying to complete. That's why I ended up quitting. I didn't like the whole idea of treating the customers bad.

choose not to answer by screening calls with answering machines or caller ID. The fact that only a small percent of the population is willing to participate can lead to biased or unreliable results. As they are conducted over the phone, they are also disadvantaged a lack of body language or visual observations. 2.Time control The key of high respondent rate is to control the time of survey. The interview may disrupt the personal time of respondents because they may be involved in other activities, such as eating dinner or watching television. It is necessary to create closed-end questions. 3.The source of numbers

Why is it that lakes/ponds around the world have fairly similar fish, instead of them each having their own unique species of fish like land ecosystems do for animals?

The water in the lake came from somewhere. Most lakes are fed by rivers and streams, or were originally parts of a river network as is the case with [oxbow lakes.](_URL_0_) A lake that was completely isolated from any other sources of water would eventually see evolutionary divergence if it had unique stressors, but there aren't many, if any, lakes like that, at least aboveground. Also a lot of lake and river fisheries are stocked by humans. Like, you'll find largemouth bass in a lot of fisheries around the world, it's especially popular in Japan, but largemouth bass are only native to North America. They were artificially introduced to fisheries elsewhere.

bodies of water. They can be found in nearly all aquatic environments, from high mountain streams (e.g., char and gudgeon) to the abyssal and even hadal depths of the deepest oceans (e.g., cusk-eel and snailfish). At 32,000 species, fish exhibit greater species diversity than any other group of vertebrates.

How bars or clubs charge huge crowds of people randomly ordering drinks.

people either start a tab or they pay up front. it's part of a bartender's job to make sure they get paid for their goods/services. i'm sure some bars and bartenders will allow regulars to get away without paying upfront in certain scenarios, but that really depends on the business and employees.

events when the bar staff show particular skill, hard-work or good-humour. But again, this is rare. In addition, unless there are waiters, patrons must order their drinks at the bar, pay the bartender and bring drinks to their seats. It is traditional that, when with a group, patrons take turns buying rounds of drinks for the group as a whole. It is considered bad manners to leave before buying your round of drinks. The traditional Irish toast is "Sláinte" (SLAWN-chuh) which is the Gaelic equivalent of "cheers". Traditional Irish music Traditional Irish music cannot be found in every Irish pub

What is Operator Overloading

In programming operator overloading is when you take a simple mathematical or logical operator like + or ! and define what that means. It's generally only applied to user-defined types/classes/objects, as the definition of these operators tends to be predefined for numbers etc. Imagine you have an object X, only you the programmer can define what it means to add two X objects together. X might represent a list of objects in which case the result would be an X representing the concatenation of both lists. X might represent a mathematical vector, so the result would be an X representing a vector that's the result of adding the two argument vectors together. The best example for this is C++'s [std::string](_URL_1_) which has an operator+ that takes two strings and returns the string representing the concatenation of the two arguments. Some languages (again using C++ as an example) have conversion operators as well, such as [operator bool on std::shared_ptr](_URL_0_) which defines how to convert a shared_ptr to a boolean for use with (for example) `if(!myptr){}` or `if(myptr){}` expressions, but otherwise works in a similar way. Different operators take different numbers of arguments, e.g. ! is a unary operator, takes 1 argument, + / - * are all binary operators and take two, and so on. Edit: ! is a unary operator not a binary. I knew what I meant ;-)

Operator overloading Motive Operator overloading is syntactic sugar, and is used because it allows programming using notation nearer to the target domain and allows user-defined types a similar level of syntactic support as types built into a language. It is common, for example, in scientific computing, where it allows computing representations of mathematical objects to be manipulated with the same syntax as on paper. Operator overloading does not change the expressive power of a language (with functions), as it can be emulated using function calls. For example, consider variables a, b, c of some user-defined type, such as matrices: a + b

What is vanity sizing in clothing?

In fashion, womens' fashions in particular, people want to believe they are thinner than they actually are, and if you get north of a size 6, which is still quit thin, you are often looked down upon for being too fat. Some designers don't even make their clothes in the higher sizes. To make consumers feel better and buy more, some brands cheat a little bit on the size, so what is labelled as a size 6 is closer to a size 8. Other brands, to maintain more exclusivity and to ensure only the thinnest people wear their clothes, cheat the other direction, so a size 6 is more of a size 4. > How do I properly size clothes online that aren't in vanity sizing? * measure yourself and go by inches rather than size * check the return policy...a retailer with more friendly online return policy is going to be more confident in their sizing * be honest with yourself...vanity sizing works because people want to insist they are a smaller size than the actually are * shop brands with a strong online presence, and be extra careful going through a reseller or a department store that is just carrying the brand * read reviews...sizing is one of the first topics people will mention

Whitewashing (beauty) Advertising A clear example of beauty whitewashing is a L'Oreal advertising campaign featuring Beyoncé Knowles in which her skin was digitally retouched to appear lighter. This brought the corporation under fire for a significant period. Other examples include celebrities Halle Berry, Brandy, Mariah Carey, Rihanna, Freida Pinto, Jennifer Lopez, Tyra Banks, Leona Lewis, Jennifer Hudson, Gabourey Sidibe and Queen Latifah, in which these figures were subjected to skin lightening during the editing stage of promotional photoshoots. The photo and video-sharing app, Snapchat, also attracted public criticism in 2016 for potential whitewashing in its photo filters. A particular target of

Why group mentality is so powerful

Human nature to belong and conform to social groups, empathy, and natural fear of exclusion. It's kind of instinctual, that's why the weak minded are susceptible to group mentality. Case in point: Reddit.

mental conflict. In order to override this dissonance, the person must either change the behavior, or change their beliefs. As seen with groupthink, individuals adapt their behavior in order to maintain status-quo with the group. In a political setting, this could be incredibly dangerous. In their 2013 literature review, Lodge and Taber looked at the components of a rationalizing voter. Their review touched on the psychological constructs of automaticity, affect, long-term memory, and cognitive bias. They argue that voters utilize their beliefs and attitudes to construct heuristics to make judgments about political decisions. When creating

Why can't horses get rid of flies on their eyes?

They blink, the fly flies off, goes about two feet, pulls a u-turn and goes back to the eye. They can get rid of them, but they can't keep them away. Really, the ancestor to the domestic horse wouldn't have had this problem because they didn't live in stables. It's the domestic horse's enclosure that attracts the flies, gives them a breeding ground, and traps the horse so it can't get away. It wouldn't be a problem if they didn't live in the environment we put them in.

the use of gauze face masks for humans and even for animals. Furthermore, the flies are so small that the gauze must be very fine to offer effective protection. Apart from the irritation however, the flies frequently move from host to host and from anus to face or to open lesions; accordingly they can be dangerous vehicles for many infectious organisms. Bacterial examples, in particular in the Caribbean and parts of South America, include the transmission of Treponema pallidum pertenue, the spirochaete that causes yaws. Less specifically, any of a range of bacterial species can cause human acute conjunctivitis (pinkeye), and

If each pixel is merely a combination of a red, blue, or green light, why don't colorblind people who can, for example, not see red or green colors, only see blue on computer monitors?

It's not that colour-blind people can't see red or green. They can see them both fine; they just can't tell them apart.

coding is generally based on similarity: Hazel and green eyes might be lumped with blue because they are more similar to that color (being light), and the character could be then recoded as "eye color: light; dark." Alternatively, there can be multi-state characters, such as "eye color: brown; hazel, blue; green." Ambiguities in character state delineation and scoring can be a major source of confusion, dispute, and error in phylogenetic analysis using character data. Note that, in the above example, "eyes: present; absent" is also a possible character, which creates issues because "eye color" is not applicable if eyes are not

What is happening after a workout in our body?

As I understand it In a workout with decent intensity(a lot of weight being moved/force being generated) your body releases testosterone and a pulse of growth hormone. After about an hour this pulse gives way to stress hormones like cortisol. During this time you deplete nutrients from the muscles, stress your bones, and usually slightly damage the muscle fibers. All these stimuli lead to your body adapting those systems to tolerate the strain you put on them. So in the days following the workout, your bones would get denser, muscles would be replenished(for most people, about 48-60 hours after a session is a period of supercompensation in terms of stored muscle energy, the optimal time to lift again) and if you are eating in caloric excess OR you are a beginner, the muscles would grow slightly. I say caloric excess or beginner because at those times your body adapts very quickly to stresses. You will be incredibly sore, but as a novice you might be able to add 30 pounds to your maximum squat in 3 sessions. When just starting out, your body is panicking trying to adjust, so it pulls energy from your fat stores to supply the important tissues, the muscles Also soreness/physical pain is not a sign of an effective workout.

this will lead to overtraining, and suggest training to failure only on the last set of an exercise. Some practitioners recommend finishing a set of repetitions just before reaching a personal maximum at a given time. Adrenaline and other hormones may promote additional intensity by stimulating the body to lift additional weight (as well as the neuro-muscular stimulations that happen when in "fight-or-flight" mode, as the body activates more muscle fibres), so getting "psyched up" before a workout can increase the maximum weight lifted. Weight training can be a very effective form of strength training because exercises can be chosen, and

What is it like playing intense sport (or exercise) in freezing weather?

Down to -5 no major differences, except you can loose heat rapidly if you stop moving, layering your clothing is important to manage your heat/sweat. -5 to -20 your get an iron taste in your throat/mouth when breathing heavily, otherwise same as above. Below -20 breathing becomes painful, your nose can freeze, your sweat freezes before evaporating. Layering changes from important to critical as these are the templates where sweating can lead to death.

cold when a Sim has been playing in the snow for too long. However, this does present disadvantages. An example is a Sim getting a cold or getting too hot after too many showers. For example, heat in summer may cause a Sim to experience heatstroke or receive a sunburn. Sims who are outside during the winter may feel cold, though they can be warmed in various ways. Sims can die due to heatstroke and they can also freeze to death. Other Sims have the option of a "thaw" interaction, provided their relationship is high enough. Children who are allowed to

what ever happened to Dane Cook?

Credit to /u/noposters for this answer: What people don't realize about Dane Cook is that he was on a mega run before Harmful if Swallowed blew up. Even before his comedy central half hour, he was the highest paid comedian touring colleges at that time (not the highest paid in general, but he swooped in when Sandler stopped doing colleges and took those gigs at Sandler's rate). Once his albums blew up, he played MSG, etc. he tried to make the transition into film. His films flopped, and simultaneously both his parents died and it was discovered that his brother/business manager had stolen 50million dollars from him (never recovered). With all those things coming together, he took a bunch of time off. When he came back, tastes had changed and he no longer had the traction he'd had years earlier. He tried to make some comeback appearances but wound up generating controversy by trashing the audience at one of his shows at the Laugh Factory (TJ Miller and others brutalized him on twitter for his behavior). Since then he's appeared here and there in LA and done some voiceover work, but for the most part he keeps a low profile. He's also alienated a lot of people in the NY comedy community for playing up his relationship with Patrice O'Neal in interviews when the two were, in fact, not close

Cook's Greatest Hits, in which Cook revisited and updated a number of his more memorable stories. Cook revealed in 2007 that he had received death threats as a result of the series. The programme and its production team won eleven national and international awards, culminating in a British Academy of Film & Television Arts (BAFTA) special award for its presenter in 1997 'for 25 years of outstanding quality investigative reporting'. Other activities Cook has published several books including an autobiography, Dangerous Ground, and was interviewed about his book, Roger Cook's Ten Greatest Con-Men (co-written with Tim Tate) on Radio 5 Live

The Hateful Eight in 70mm, is there no way to replicate so every theatre gets that "visual effect"?

Gonna get a little technical: The movie has a digital equivalence of around 8192x2968 (assuming a 4K equivalence for regular 4-perf 35mm). I don't know of any theater that has a projector above 4K, many are even at 2K (2048x1080, almost the same as regular 1920x1080, as most movies are 2K). So, seeing it in a theater with 4K projection is the next best thing (at basically 50% the "resolution"). Movies like Interstellar, The Dark Knight, Star Wars Ep VII (only one scene though), etc. are even bigger because they are 70mm IMAX, which is around 11800x8192. I saw both Interstellar and Star Wars Ep VII in this format and it what great, Interstellar took the cake though in terms of how amazing it was visually/immersively.

violence. The suspense level is high as well, as is the performances from all the actors. The production value is a little low for a larger budgeted indie film. And believe it or not, Germ Z does have some funny points and one or two spine chilling moments." It also notes that "There is absolutely nothing new brought to the zombie cinema world here." Lea Lawrynowicz of HorrorNews.Net called it "a really obvious, run of the mill, typical zombie flick". She also noted that “Germ Z”, ain’t all bad. Production values are good, even if it's clear the budget

Calvinism

John Calvin was a theologian who was part of the reformation. His theology became known as Calvinism. Basically Calvinism is boiled down to the TULIP beliefs. * T - Total Depravity - All parts of man are affected by sin * U - Unconditional Election - We are saved by Christ without any conditions. We do not earn it, it is completely a gift. * L - Limited Atonement - Jesus died on the cross only for those who follow Him. His atonement for sins was not for everyone. * I - Irresistible Grace - If God wants you to follow Him you can't resist the call. * P - Perseverance of the Saints -Once saved always saved. You can't lose your salvation. Not every Calvinist agrees with all 5 points. In fact, some say Calvin didn't believe in all of them (the term TULIP was made up after he died) but these are the basic theological points. **tl;dr - There are two main camps of Christian theology. Men are in control and choose to follow God (Arminianism) and God is in control and chooses who follows Him (Calvinism).**

Calvinism Etymology Calvinism is named after John Calvin. It was first used by a Lutheran theologian in 1552. It was a common practice of the Roman Catholic Church to name what it viewed as heresy after its founder. Nevertheless, the term first came out of Lutheran circles. Calvin denounced the designation himself: They could attach us no greater insult than this word, Calvinism. It is not hard to guess where such a deadly hatred comes from that they hold against me. — John Calvin, Leçons ou commentaires et expositions sur les Revelations du prophete Jeremie, 1565 Despite its negative connotation, this designation became increasingly

How does a watch know when a month has 30 or 31 days?

I think you have to manually adjust it every time the month changes, but not sure, sure someone will correct me.

fashion as an analog watch (having an hour, minute and second hand) without any moving parts and is added to display the time regardless of the selected mode. The watch has an automatic calendar up to the year 2099 (with no adjustments for leap year; February is always counted as a 28 day month) and amber coloured LED light illuminating the display in the dark. The watch is powered by a CR2025 3 volt lithium button cell which is claimed by the company to last up to 10 years assuming normal operation (20 seconds of alarm usage and 1.5 seconds of

Why does tiredness feel as though it comes in waves?

Biorhythms. Your body has cycles: breathing, heartbeat, blinking, even which nostril you use. Your wakefulness/tiredness is also cyclic.

Second wind (sleep) Second wind (or third wind, fourth wind, etc.), also occasionally referred to as the wake maintenance zone, is a sleep phenomenon in which a person, after a prolonged period of staying awake, temporarily ceases to feel drowsy, often making it difficult to fall asleep once it happens. They are the result of circadian rhythms cycling into a phase of wakefulness. For example, many people experience the effects of a second wind in the early morning even after an entire night without sleep because it is the time when they would normally wake up. While most "winds" coincide with

how does your brain produce a coloured image through staring at a negative?

These are called afterimages and their existence is covered by something called Opponent Process Theory. Basically, you have 3 types of cells in your eye that detect color. They are called cones. One cone is sensitive to the wavelength of light we associate with "red", another to "green", and another to "blue" light. I put the color names in quotes because you must understand that COLOR DOES NOT EXIST IN THE OUTSIDE WORLD, YOUR BRAIN MAKES IT. This is itself is mindblowing but I promise it is true. Anyway, the cells get tired after looking at the same thing for too long (both the cones I mentioned and other cells further into your brain). They are a bit like a rubber band that gets stretched out the more it sees a certain color, and the more it stretches the more it really really wants to snap back. Stretching makes you see one color (say, red), while snapping back makes you see another color (green). The deeper cells in your brain are arranged in 3 opponent pairs: red-green, blue-yellow, and black-white. So, the more of you see of red, the more the opposite wants to come out. Same with the other colors. (Neurologically, this occurs because one color is produced by the cells getting excited and building up a particular chemical that tells your brain to produce red. This is an anabolic, or constructive, process. The opposite color is produced by the cells getting inhibited and the chemical being destroyed, which is a catabolic or destructive process. Again, it all works because these chemicals instruct your brain to produce the color image - your brain makes the actual color experience not the world).

scales with mutually exclusive boundaries. In the same way that there cannot exist a "slightly negative" positive number, a single eye cannot perceive a bluish-yellow or a reddish-green. Color in the human brain Color processing begins at a very early level in the visual system (even within the retina) through initial color opponent mechanisms. Both Helmholtz's trichromatic theory, and Hering's opponent process theory are therefore correct, but trichromacy arises at the level of the receptors, and opponent processes arise at the level of retinal ganglion cells and beyond. In Hering's theory opponent mechanisms refer to the opposing color effect

Why are most passwords hidden on-screen by default when you type them, but WIFI passwords are not?

Most on screen passwords are hidden in-case you have any shoulder surfers(people watching you type over your shoulder). WiFi passwords give you the option to either hide or show, in my opinion as WiFi passwords are normally longer than other account passwords they can be hard to make sure your typing correctly without seeing it

of the system, certainly from a security viewpoint. This is partly because users are more willing to tell another person (who may not be authorized) a shared password than one exclusively for their use. Single passwords are also much less convenient to change because many people need to be told at the same time, and they make removal of a particular user's access more difficult, as for instance on graduation or resignation. Separate logins are also often used for accountability, for example to know who changed a piece of data. Password reuse It is common practice amongst computer users

Why does time use the number 60?

60 is easy to divide cleanly in multiple ways, and a number based on 60, such as the number of degrees in a circle, can be divided yet more ways. 60 can be divided by 1,2,3,4,5,6,10,12,15,20,30 and itself. This provides many easy-to-reckon, useful fractions. In the days before pocket calculators, slide rules, Napier's Bones, etc. this made life simpler.

also sometimes used informally to denote minutes of time. History One of the earliest known uses of the minute (and the second) is found in John of Sacrobosco's Computus (ca. 1235), where he used them when discussing the length of the tropical year. No earlier records for the origin of the minute as ​¹⁄₆₀ of the hour and the second ​¹⁄₆₀ of the minute have ever been found. Another motivation that has been suggested for the emergence of these fine divisions of time was the construction of "precision" timepieces (mechanical and water clocks). Historically, the word "minute" comes from

- the Monsanto controversy

Worries about engineered foods aside, a lot of people have a huge problem with Monsanto's business model... They use patent law to force farmers to buy seed from them every year. The farmers do not own the seeds that are created by the plants they are growing - Monsanto has the *patent* on the seed DNA. So they can't just buy seed one time and then create their own seeds from then on, as you might believe would be common sense. They even go so far as to sue farmers that *accidentally* grow Monsanto plants; from seeds blown over from a neighbor's field, for example. Monsanto charges a lot for the seed. They are definitely pushing the extremes of patent law to make as much money as possible. Now, having said that, Monsanto invented some pretty cool seed. It creates its own pesticide, for example. So, by using it, you save money on spraying your crops. That's certainly worth something. People just disagree on how Monsanto should be compensated for what they've done. Obviously, a large corporation like Monsanto would like to squeeze as much money as possible from whoever they can. They aren't trying to work out a "fair deal" for what they've accomplished - they're just trying to maximize profit. It's easy for people to envision a future (maybe not so distant) where corporations own the rights to everything we grow (through DNA patents) and charge a lot to farmers (and ultimately consumers) for licenses to grow crops.

products over the course of a £1 million advertising campaign. The ASA ruled that Monsanto had presented its opinions "as accepted fact" and had published "wrong" and "unproven" scientific claims. Monsanto responded with an apology and claimed it was not intending to deceive and instead "did not take sufficiently into account the difference in culture between the UK and the USA in the way some of this information was presented." In 2001, French environmental and consumer rights campaigners brought a case against Monsanto for misleading the public about the environmental impact of its herbicide Roundup, on the basis that glyphosate, Roundup's

The true difference between i5 and i7 processors

The biggest difference between i5 and i7 processors is the number of concurrent threads they can handle. i7 processors are equipped with hyperthreading, which is a technology that allows a single processor core to do almost as much work as two separate cores. Imagine a single processor core is like a chef. Both the current generation i5 and i7 processors have 6 chefs. The chef receives a set of ingredients and a recipe, and lays it all out on the table. This table is like a processor's cache - it's the memory that the processor has to work with. The chef then prepares the meals, and puts them back on the table. Now, the chef has to wait for the waiters to clean up the table and bring new ingredients. The chef busts out his phone and takes a break while this happens. Hyperthreading is like giving the chef 2 tables. Now, while the chef is cooking one set of meals from table A, the staff can clear table B and bring new ingredients. Once table A is complete, table B is ready for cooking. The chef can now switch back and forth between the two tables and have almost no down time. One of the other big differences is the size of the table - that is, the size of the cache. i7's generally have larger cache sizes than i5's do, which can help them do more work in the same amount of time. Edit: Just realized that I didn't really help you make a decision. :) Having more cores is only useful in certain situations. When the work can be 'parallelized,' - that is, divided up such that the result from one chunk of work doesn't depend on the result of the previous chunk of work - then being able to handle more concurrent threads is a very good thing. For example, if you're building a house, you need to pour the foundation before you can set up framing, and you need to set up framing before you can run electrical and plumbing lines, and you need to set up electrical and plumbing before you can put up drywall, etc. It's not possible to split a task like that up into several chunks and do them all simultaneously. If you're building 20 houses, you can pour all 20 foundations at once, set up all 20 frames at once, etc. The result of building part of one house doesn't depend on the construction of other houses. To a CPU, gaming is often like building a house. The calculations for one moment in the game will influence subsequent moments in the game, so it's not possible to divide the work up among several processor cores. Video editing, on the other hand is highly parallelizable. Rendering frame #25 doesn't usually depend on the results of rendering frame #20, so software can divide that work up and distribute it across the processing cores. TL:DR; Gaming doesn't usually benefit as much from multiple processing cores. Results will definitely vary from game to game though. Video editing often does benefit from more processing cores, so you can reduce rendering time significantly by using an i7 instead of an i5.

Intel 5 Series Intel 5 Series is a computing architecture introduced in 2008 that improves the efficiency and balances the use of communication channels in the motherboard. The architecture consists primarily of a central processing unit (CPU) (connected to the graphics card and memory) and a single chipset (connected to motherboard components). All motherboard communications and activities circle around these two devices. The architecture is a product of adjustments made to the Intel 4 Series to deliver higher performance motherboards while maintaining efficiency and low power. The changes revolve around chipset and processor design, in conjunction with a rearrangement of functions

Why does water taste bitter after eating pineapples?

When the water hits your taste buds, they are stimulated a little. The problem is they have been overloaded with sugar and acid, thus they are temporarily unable to *report* sugar and acid at that moment. Therefore they report the only thing left: alkaline (bitter) taste. Add that to the fact that most water has dissolved minerals in it that make it ever-so-slightly alkaline.

regarding water and fruit trees is very famous. It is generally said that a curse by a woman belonging to Ahl al-Bayt (Dhadhi) made it so that no sweet water is available below ground and generally no fruit trees available inside the town boundary. More recently, after Consciousness among the people, they investigated the area and found that the area was surrounded by brackish water.

What does fuel stabilizer do to gasoline?

Gasoline should keep indefinitely if stored properly. However, stabilisers can be useful if fuel is stored incorrectly, for example, in partially full tanks of small equipment. The larger tanks in modern cars are carefully designed to protect fuel from air and evaporation. Gasoline molecules can evaporate if the tank is not securely closed - a stabiliser won't do anything for that. Gasoline molecules can oxidise by exposure to oxygen - a fuel stabiliser can contain an anti-oxidant to absorb the oxygen, and neutralise the free radicals accelerate the oxidation reaction. Gasoline may contain traces of metal from manufacture/processing or from metal storage tanks. Certain metals can act as catalysts and cause the gasoline molecules to polymerise into sludge. Metal deactivator additives can absorb and neutralise the catalytic effect of metal contamination. Gasoline may contain large quantities of ethanol to meet biofuel targets by governments. If stored open to the air, the ethanol can absorb water from the air, and this can cause the water/ethanol mix to separate from the gasoline. By adding a different alcohol (methanol or isopropanol), the water/alcohol mix doesn't separate as easily. All these problems can be avoided if gasoline is stored in a tightly sealed plastic tank with only the minimum amount of air for an expansion space, as high quality gasolines will come with metal deactivators already added to neutralised contamination at the refinery.

of a fuel stabilizer to gasoline can extend the life of fuel that is not or cannot be stored properly, though removal of all fuel from a fuel system is the only real solution to the problem of long-term storage of an engine or a machine or vehicle. Typical fuel stabilizers are proprietary mixtures containing mineral spirits, isopropyl alcohol, 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene or other additives. Fuel stabilizers are commonly used for small engines, such as lawnmower and tractor engines, especially when their use is sporadic or seasonal (little to no use for one or more seasons of the year). Users have been

Hey Reddit, so what the hell are those squiggly lines I see in my peripheral every once in a while? Don't know why I didn't wonder until now..

They are called floaters. Mostly they are the shadows cast by bits of the inside of your eye that have broken off and are floating around in the vitreous humor, or eyeball fluid, in your eye. _URL_0_

by his fellow Fox sportscaster about how one doesn't want to cross Fasano, Lyons replied, "Well, you know, Fasano is the type of guy 'who knows a guy that knows a guy'." Lyons and fellow sportscaster Thom Brennaman made fun of a 64-year-old New York Mets fan wearing an unusual device over his eyes at a game during Game 2 of the 2006 National League Division Series between the Mets and Dodgers, with Lyons saying, "He's got a digital camera stuck to his face." The man turned out to be nearly blind, except for limited peripheral vision in one eye, and

how a drug goes from needing a prescription to being able to buy it without a prescription

Like you're five? Because the grownups who make the drug (Sanofi) showed the grownups who regulate the drug (the Food and Drug Administration) that the drug is safe enough to take without needing the advice from a doctor. The drug itself does the same thing only now you don't need a prescription from the doctor. People get easier access the the medicine, the drug company gets to sell a lot more drugs, and pharmacies make more money because they're selling more OTC items. For more see _URL_0_

create custom drugs for patients who may not be able to take the medication in its standard form, such as due to an allergy or difficulty swallowing. Compounding is necessary for these patients to still be able to properly get the prescriptions they need. One area of compounding is preparing drugs in new dosage forms. For example, if a drug manufacturer only provides a drug as a tablet, a compounding pharmacist might make a medicated lollipop that contains the drug. Patients who have difficulty swallowing the tablet may prefer to suck the medicated lollipop instead. Another form of compounding is by mixing

How do cars calculate speed and preview it on the speedometer?

**NOT ELI5** The car's driveshaft also powers a *speedometer cable*, which spins a magnet around at the same speed inside the *speed cup*. This magnet rotates continually in an equal direction. This spinning creates a fluctuating magnetic field. The laws of electromagnetism dictate that a current must therefore flow inside this cup. This current causes the speed cup to also rotate. It attempts to catch up with the speed of the magnet. a *hairspring* stops this, so it only rotates a little. This small motion moves the dial on the speedometer a little. The stronger the current, the faster the cup rotates, the further the speedometer's dial moves. & nbsp; **ELI5** The driveshaft powers a speedometer cable, which leads to a magnet rotating inside a cup. A current is generated, and the cup tries to rotate also. A spring limits this, moving the dial. More current = more speed = dial moves further.

use the equipment effectively, with trainees being required to consistently visually estimate vehicle speed within +/-2 mph of actual target speed, for example if the target's actual speed is 30 mph than the operator must be able to consistently visually estimate the target speed as falling between 28 and 32 mph. Stationary traffic enforcement radar must occupy a location above or to the side of the road, so the user must understand trigonometry to accurately estimate vehicle speed as the direction changes while a single vehicle moves within the field of view. Actual vehicle speed and radar measurement thus are rarely the

If Western governments are worried about their citizens fighting for Daesh (the Islamic State) and returning to participate in terrorist activities, why do they have to "monitor" them when they come back rather than arrest them?

In most western democracies you can't arrest someone just because the government doesn't like their political views (there are some exceptions to this rule but in general it holds). You have to be able to prove that they have committed some kind of crime in order to arrest them. Almost by definition someone who has joined up with Da'esh/IS will have "fallen"off the radar" of western security forces. They'll know they joined up but it will be much harder to prove that they actually fought against western interests, which would be necessary to instigate a charge of treason or similar. So the best we can do is have the security services "watch" them very closely, and if they look like they're about to commit any kind of crime then they can be pulled in.

that terrorists are masterminding attacks against assets belonging to the Government of Kuwait, hotels, restaurants and Western interests. The United States Department of State reported terrorists in the past attacked hotel chains which they believed belonged to westerners. Western housing complexes were also targeted by terrorist organizations. Terrorism in Kuwait may include bombing, hijacking, hostage taking, kidnapping and assassination. Both military and civilians are the potential targets of terrorist groups. According to the US State Department, terrorists can target oil infrastructure, public transportation, schools, places of worship, clubs, shopping complexes, etc., due to increased security measures in official US facilities.

What would happen if we could drill a hole to the core of the Earth?

The Earth is molten beyond the crust, so we wouldn't get any further than that.

to sink a bore-hole through 15,000 ft of the Earth's crust into the Mohorovičić discontinuity or "Moho". The project came to be called the "No Hole", and was discontinued by the US Congress in 1966 due to ever-rising costs and the fact that they had only managed to drill to a depth of 601 ft.

Is there a psychological term for when you finish a game/book/series and feel empty inside?

"Ennui" (pronounced "on-we") is a pretty close fit. Also, it's French and they're very good at feeling empty and dissatisfied inside. ennui: 1. a feeling of utter weariness and discontent resulting from satiety or lack of interest; boredom:

around the house, and events in the room occur and respond to the environment described in the computer game; the game eventually struggles to distinguish the player sitting and playing, and the player walking around the house. The protagonist becomes aware of another person in the house. They come upstairs, full of anger, disturbed thoughts, and suggestions of vague but horrible past events. They open the bedroom door and eventually enter, standing behind the player-character: the protagonist himself. The episode ends when the computer game forces the seated player-character to repeatedly admit, "It was all my fault". It then slowly responds:

Why is it, that even though I genuinely love Whiskey, I shudder nearly every time I drink some?

Your conscious brain loves it, but your subconscious brain realizes that alcohol is inherently bad for the body, and causes you to shudder. It's a subconscious survival mechanism that you're overriding with your conscious brain.

is how I feel about whiskey: If when you say whiskey you mean the devil's brew, the poison scourge, the bloody monster, that defiles innocence, dethrones reason, destroys the home, creates misery and poverty, yea, literally takes the bread from the mouths of little children; if you mean the evil drink that topples the Christian man and woman from the pinnacle of righteous, gracious living into the bottomless pit of degradation, and despair, and shame and helplessness, and hopelessness, then certainly I am against it. But, if when you say whiskey you mean the oil of conversation, the philosophic wine, the ale

Why do our eyes not see color on the edge of our peripheral vision?

The cone cells that detect color aren't very good at low light or motion detection. Since motion detection is more important at the periphery than color (does it really matter what color that sabre toothed tiger is?) we evolved to pack mostly rods and few cones in the corners. Your brain remembers what colors things are and will attempt to color in the peripheral vision so you don't usually notice that it's basically grayscale.

albinism, there is no pigment on the back of the iris, and light from inside the eye can pass through the iris to the front. In these cases, the only color seen is the red from the hemoglobin of the blood in the capillaries of the iris. Such albinos have pink eyes, as do albino rabbits, mice, or any other animal with a total lack of melanin. Transillumination defects can almost always be observed during an eye examination due to lack of iridial pigmentation. The ocular albino also lacks normal amounts of melanin in the retina as well, which allows

Why is it when I drink a glass of liquid I urinate at least twice as much back out?

Your bladder only sends the "time to pee" message to your brain when it reaches a certain level of fullness. So the amount you pee out doesn't just represent the glass of water you just drank, but all of the water you have drank since the last time you peed plus the water your body needed to dissolve the waste products it excretes in urine (urea, creatine and some other compounds).

the most readily available being in the form of water, which leads to frequent urination.

What prevents DNA from getting tangled?

Proteins! There are *many, many* proteins in your body that have a specific job of keeping your DNA tangled/condensed the perfect amount. There are topoisomerases, a family of proteins, that specifically twist/untwist your DNA to introduce/remove "supercoils" (like what would happn when you twist an elastic band) to condense it or expand it. There are some proteins like histones to which the DNA will almost always be attached. The histones kind of serve as a backbone for the DNA; a place for the DNA to organize itself. Of course, this is just the very basic level of proteins. There are many more proteins and ways to organize DNA. It's always proteins!

to 3' or downstream direction. The DNA double helix is rewound by RNA polymerase at the rear of the transcription bubble. Like how two adjacent zippers work, when pulled together, they unzip and rezip as they proceed in a particular direction. Various factors can cause double-stranded DNA to break; thus, reorder genes or cause cell death. RNA-DNA hybrid Where the helix is unwound, the coding strand consists of unpaired bases, while the template strand consists of an RNA:DNA composite, followed by a number of unpaired bases at the rear. This hybrid consists of the most recently added nucleotides of the

Why does the tray in a microwave rotate?

Because there are hot and cooler spots due to the way the microwaves reflect around inside the oven. Rotating the food attempts to distribute the heat in the food more evenly.

due to the different rates of energy absorption in different parts of the food. The first problem is reduced by a stirrer, a type of fan that reflects microwave energy to different parts of the oven as it rotates, or by a turntable or carousel that turns the food; turntables, however, may still leave spots, such as the center of the oven, which receive uneven energy distribution. The location of dead spots and hot spots in a microwave can be mapped out by placing a damp piece of thermal paper in the oven. When the water saturated paper is subjected

why child support is based on income rather than what a child would need monthly.

Child support is partially based on income. It is also partially based on the number of children and their age, the cost of basic living expenses and school in that general area, and whether or not any special needs are present. Which sometimes leads to a very high ratio, but that is also something that can happen when both parents live with their children; not all jobs pay a wage that covers a child's reasonable expenses. That doesn't mean those expenses don't occur though.

ever been." For households with income of £19,000 a year, 30% of the children in that category are having £19 a month saved for them. Part of this is due to grandparents being more willing to contribute to funds, since the money cannot be diverted to the family finances. Creation of new funds and Government payments into them were ended in January 2011 by the Savings Accounts and Health in Pregnancy Grant Act 2010. Political opposition Child trust funds were opposed by the Liberal Democrats in the 2005 general election, and the Liberal Democrats remain opposed. Their policy has been

If you had a room with all walls, the floor, and the ceiling made of perfect mirrors and you shined a light in there somehow, would the light continue in there forever? Would it somehow disappear?

Nothing is a perfect mirror. The material still ends up absorbing some of the light. Eventually it would all get absorbed.

feel, while cleverly-placed mirrors create the illusion of infinite space." Londonist reported: "The look of the space is unique. A ceiling clad with fabric that would feel at home on the seats of the Bakerloo line, carpeted corridors your gran would like, and a scattering of pot plants and nic-nacs lend a feel that's simultaneously homely and nothing at all like a home you could imagine." Grace Dent of the London Evening Standard described a "glorious dining room that is part classic French brasserie, part industrial—supporting pillars, a fireman's pole and low-hanging lights—and part chintzy in-joke with pot plants, ornaments,

It seems like the whole world is against George Lucas' remade and remastered version of the Original Star Wars trilogy. What exactly did he do to change the story that makes fans hate it so much? Why all the vitriol?

As Pandromeda mentioned, Han Solo fired first. Also, he added in a bunch of CG aliens that didn't fit, put back in a deleted scene with Jabba the Hutt that wasn't necessary, added cheesy special effects to the Death Star explosion, added in a fucking song and dance number to Return of the Jedi, replaced the original ending of Jedi and added in Hayden Christiansen. He basically tinkered with it unnecessarily and added in a bunch of crappy looking CG aliens and effects. edit: cheese=cheesy

Wars exceeded all expectations. The success of the film and its merchandise sales led Lucas to make Star Wars the basis of an elaborate film serial, and use the profits to finance his filmmaking center, Skywalker Ranch. After the release of the first sequel, the original film was subtitled Episode IV: A New Hope in the screenplay released in the 1979 book The Art of Star Wars and for all subsequent rereleases beginning with a theatrical rerelease in 1981. The Empire Strikes Back Three years after the destruction of the Death Star, the Empire forces the Rebel Alliance to evacuate

How do blankets work? Why do they allow me to become warm even when the outside is cold?

your body makes heat. this warms the air around your skin. the blanket holds that air close to you.

controlling body temperature. Water blankets lower a person's temperature exclusively by cooling a person's skin and accordingly require no invasive procedures. Water blankets possess several undesirable qualities. They are susceptible to leaking, which may represent an electrical hazard since they are operated in close proximity to electrically powered medical equipment. The Food and Drug Administration also has reported several cases of external cooling blankets causing significant burns to the skin of person. Other problems with external cooling include overshoot of temperature (20% of people will have overshoot), slower induction time versus internal cooling, increased compensatory response, decreased patient access, and discontinuation

Difference between computer virus, worm, and trojan horse

All of these are software programs. Computer virus - the typical attribute here in a software program that makes it behave somewhat like a biological virus, is its ability to copy and replicate itself by "infecting" other software programs - i.e it attaches itself to these programs, either by infecting them as they are running in the memory of the computer or by accessing the disk and changing the file. When these infected programs are used, or copied to another computer, that computer becomes infected too. It also means, if you delete the virus or reboot the computer, running any of the infected programs will run the virus again and mean your computer is still infected. Computer viruses tend to spread and infect via replication. As anti-virus programs appeared that could detect computer viruses, programmers added the ability for these programs to mutate as well - i.e to change their code in subtle ways that wouldn't change their function but would make code that looked for a specific pattern fail to spot them. In some way this is similar to the way viruses mutate to avoid an immune system - albeit it's more about the word "virus" being descriptive rather than actual parallels between the 2. A trojan horse - the attribute here, is that it's a program that looks like it performs a specific function - maybe a game or something - but which hides inside it a program that performs another function (usually a malicious one) - the analogy here is, of course, with the [trojan horse legend](_URL_0_) about people hiding inside a "gift" in order to enter and destroy a city. A computer worm differs from a virus in that it doesn't infect another program, but it operates as a standalone program. It does copy itself, replicate and spread by exploiting security weaknesses usually via a network. You can picture this as a program running on your computer, which detects other computers connected to yours, so it "moves" over the network, via whatever security holes exist, until it's running on the other computers...and it continues like that traversing across the network looking for machines to infect. It's worth noting that although bugs or issues with any of the above methods of infecting a computer may cause computers to crash or other faults and usually take resources, it's not the above actions, from which viruses, worms and trojans get their name, that are necessarily the motives of whoever creates them (Although earlier examples often did nothing more than copy and infect as exercises in curiosity) More typically, there is another piece of the software, called the 'payload' which is designed to actually do something malicious, like steal your passwords or sink your nuclear submarine. Payload coming from flight or launch vehicle terminology.

as the Code Red II worm that infected more than 259 000 systems in less than 14 hours. On a much larger scale, worms can be designed for industrial espionage to monitor and collect server and traffic activities then transmit it back to its creator. Trojan horses A Trojan horse is designed to perform legitimate tasks but it also performs unknown and unwanted activity. It can be the basis of many viruses and worms installing onto the computer as keyboard loggers and backdoor software. In a commercial sense, Trojans can be imbedded in trial versions of software and can gather

Why does the media spend so much time covering the question of whether or not Jeb Bush can rise in the polls, but doesn't extend nearly that level of coverage to other non popular contestants?

Jeb Bush is considered (generally) the primary establishment candidate, which means he's expected to have significant political clout with the republican party. Alternatively, he's also a Bush, which means he's entangled in a lot of familial controversy, 'Bush Dynasty' 'Can George Bush's brother win after his unpopularity?' sort of stuff. Both attract interest, which the media wants in order to get paid.

choice may be less likely to receive unprompted support during a political poll, and methods of push polling can persuade a voter towards choosing a certain candidate from a list. Surveys and opinion polling is made less reliable by social desirability bias, whereby respondents will report answers in public that may not share their personal views if they believe they are in the minority. Voters are also subject to stating support for candidates that are well-known and recognizable, although they may not have the enthusiasm and commitment to the candidate necessary to generate a vote. Ronald Reagan was noted as

The different between Sunni and Shi'ite Muslims.

Shi'ites think that leadership in Islam should be hereditary, and that Imams more or less represent the authority of the founder through his bloodline. Sunnis think that leadership in Islam should be by some sort of democratic process, and you don't need to be a descendant of the founder to hold authority. It started out that way when the movement had to decide on how to continue after the death of its founder. Pretty soon, through in-fighting and because that is the way things go in a closely knit community, everybody and his uncle also had an opinion that would be forced upon the community. There is a Wikipedia article that goes into the various branches of islam in more detail: _URL_0_

Sunni fatwas on Shias Points of difference While all sects of Islam recognise the Qur'an, they differ in which other authorities they acknowledge; in particular the question of the Succession to Muhammad separates the Sunni, who acknowledge the elected Rashidun Caliphs and their descendants, from the Shia, who acknowledge the Imams or descendants of Prophet Muhammad; these two branches are then subdivided by their views on the further course of the succession. Shia fiqh differs with Sunni fiqh on not only political issues, but also important theological issues. Various attitudes towards Shias can be found among the worldwide majority Sunni

Why did film become a synonym for movies when photography also used film?

It depends on the context, but I'll stick to your examples. People didn't view still photographs on photographic film. They needed to be printed on photographic paper. Slides are an exception, but they didn't get popular until later. Motion picture film is negative and printed onto another piece of film to make a positive for viewing via a projector. Many people view magnified motion picture film, but most people never view still photo negatives. This is may not be the etymology, but it makes sense, and that's what your looking for.

cameras are instead called sources. History The origin of the term "footage" is that early 35 mm silent film has traditionally been measured in feet and frames; the fact that film was measured by length in cutting rooms, and that there are 16 frames (4-perf film format) in a foot of 35 mm film which roughly represented 1 second of screen time (frame rate) in some early silent films, made footage a natural unit of measure for film. The term then became used figuratively to describe moving image material of any kind. Film footage Sometimes film projects will also sell

The core beliefs of American political parties.

This is a difficult question, America is insanely vast. A Republican in New York is going to be much different from a republican in Texas. A democrat in California will be different from a democrat in Michigan. Any person that wants to run for major office with a likable chance of winning usually has to run under one of these two parties, recent example: Bernie Sanders. The idea is Republican is generally more conservative, pushing for no economic regulation but social restrictions. Democrats are generally more Liberal pushing for zero social regulation but economic and business restrictions.

States Congress since 1856. The Democratic Party positions itself on the left of the left–right political spectrum in American politics and supports a modern American liberal platform, while the Republican Party positions itself on the right of the spectrum and supports a modern American conservative platform. Third parties and independent voters have achieved relatively minor representation from time to time at local levels. The Libertarian Party is the largest third party in the country, claiming more than 250,000 registered voters in 2013; it generally positions itself as centrist or radical centrist and supports a classical liberal position. Other contemporary third parties

How do broadcasters sell and maximize advertising revenue during live sports when they don't know how many commercial breaks there will be?

For American football games they know within one or two how many breaks there will be. On between possessions they will radio down and stop lay during the break a "TV timeout" and a dude in a bright colored red or yellow jacket will come out and stand with the ref until it is time to resume play.

Commercial broadcasting Advertising Commercial broadcasting is primarily based on the practice of airing radio advertisements and television advertisements for profit. This is in contrast to public broadcasting, which receives government subsidies and usually does not have paid advertising interrupting the show. During pledge drives, some public broadcasters will interrupt shows to ask for donations. In the United States, non-commercial educational (NCE) television and radio exists in the form of community radio; however, premium cable services such as HBO and Showtime generally operate solely on subscriber fees and do not sell advertising. This is also the case for the portions of the

Why when we are sick/have an infection does our body temperature go up, as in a fever?

Many infections grow best at particularly precise temperatures. Your body raises your temperature as a defense mechanism, slowing down the reproduction of the infectious agent and giving your own defenses a chance to 'catch up'. At the same time it enhances the ability of some of your body's defenders to move around more actively in their war.

pain, and swelling (inflammation). This reddened skin or rash may signal a deeper, more serious infection of the inner layers of skin. Once below the skin, the bacteria can spread rapidly, entering the lymph nodes and the bloodstream and spreading throughout the body. This can result in influenza-like symptoms with a high temperature and sweating or feeling very cold with shaking, as the sufferer cannot get warm. In rare cases, the infection can spread to the deep layer of tissue called the fascial lining. Necrotizing fasciitis, also called by the media "flesh-eating bacteria", is an example of a deep-layer infection. It is

Why do real almonds not taste like almond paste/flavoring?

The almond flavour you taste in almond paste, marzipan and so forth comes from an aromatic called benzaldehyde. This is found in *bitter* almonds, which also have a fairly hefty amount of cyanide; the latter is removed during the extraction of the benzaldehyde. The almonds you eat in nut form are *sweet* almonds, which contain a much lower level of benzaldehyde, and, luckily enough, cyanide as well. Benzaldehyde is also present in apricots, cherries, and peaches, which is why they all have similar taste profiles.

in the United States are sweet cultivars. The US Food and Drug Administration reported in 2010 that some fractions of imported sweet almonds were contaminated with bitter almonds. Eating such almonds could result in vertigo and other typical bitter almond (cyanide) poisoning effects. Almond milk Almonds can be processed into a milk substitute called almond milk; the nut's soft texture, mild flavor, and light coloring (when skinned) make for an efficient analog to dairy, and a soy-free choice for lactose intolerant people and vegans. Raw, blanched, and lightly toasted almonds work well for different production techniques, some of which are

Why haven't people as a whole adapted to the cold? We have adpated to the sun by the pigment in our skin changing colour depending on your exposure to sunlight.

Human's primary form of adaptation is the use of technology. So we have adapted to the cold by inventing insulated shelter, controlling fire, and making clothing.

eumelanin in their skins. This makes their skins brown or black and protects them against high levels of exposure to the sun, which more frequently result in melanomas in lighter-skinned people. Not all the effects of pigmentation are advantageous. Pigmentation increases the heat load in hot climates, and black people absorb 30% more heat from sunlight than do white people, although this factor may be offset by more profuse sweating. In cold climates black skin entails more heat loss by radiation. Pigmentation also hinders synthesis of vitamin D, so that in areas of poor nutrition black children are more liable to

When I swallow a pill, why is there sometimes a heavy feeling in the back of my throat?

I used to get that feeling a lot when I first started taking my daily pills. Turns out I wasn't getting the pill "stuck" in my throat exactly, but I was not swallowing them with enough water. When someone swallows pills without proper salivation or lubricant the object can "scrape" itself on the back of your throat, leaving you with that heavy and sometimes painful feeling that doesn't go away for a while. It may feel like it's lodged in there, which could be possible, but it's most likely just pain from the pills contact. Long story short, always drink water before and with pills.

were all activated. After swallowing, only the insula remained activated and the response of the other brain regions was not evident. This suggests that the insula may be a primary region for aftertaste sensation because it was activated even after the aspartame solution was no longer present in the mouth. This finding aligns with the insula's identification as a central taste processing area and simply expands its function. An explanation for less activation of the amygdala was that because it is a reward center in the brain, less reward would be experienced by the subjects during prolonged exposure to the

Why is Reddit valued at "only" ~$1.8 billion, when less popular sites (e.g. Twitter) are worth many times more?

Reddit isn't publicly traded (there hasn't been an IPO yet), so speculation can't inflate the value of the company like Twitter or Tesla. A company is basically worth how much people are willing to pay for shares of it, but you can't buy shares in Reddit yet. It's also not profitable, yet, which doesn't help.

popularity in terms of unique users per day, Reddit has been a platform to raise publicity for a number of causes. Additionally, the user base of Reddit has given birth to other websites, including image sharing community and image host Imgur, which started in 2009 as a gift to Reddit's community. In its first five months, it jumped from a thousand hits per day to a million total page views. Statistics from Google Ad Planner suggest that 74% of Reddit users are male. In 2016 the Pew Research Center published research showing that 4% of U.S. adults use reddit, of which

How can there be a sex wage gap in the US if we've had the Equal Pay Law since 1960?

There's a bit of a misconception about the wage gap. For jobs in the exact same role with the exact same responsibilities, the wages are about the same. However, men tend to be more likely to be promoted to higher-paying positions. Women are also more likely than men to take extended time off or work part time while raising a family, meaning their careers are held back during that time.

sex, according to a recent case, Rizo v. Yovino. Specifically, employers can no longer justify the wage differential between male and female employees by relying on their prior salaries, either alone or in combination with other factors. The 9th Circuit reasoned that prior salary is not a legitimate measure of work experience, and that “it may well operate to perpetuate the wage disparities prohibited under the [Equal Pay] Act.” The Second, Sixth and Eleventh Circuits allow employers to rely on applicants’ prior salary to justify wage differentials between genders, if an employer has an “acceptable business reason” for setting starting

Why/how does eye-makeup (even simple eyeliner/moderate mascara use) have such a dramatic impact on how attractive women are perceived? Why only women? - is it all just socialization? (Are we just conditioned to think that's attractive?)

Eye make-up is often used to extenuate the size, shape or colour of someone's eyes. Your eyes can give away a huge amount about your current state - revealing indicators about your health, your energy levels, your age, your state of mind etc. A good application of eye make-up could take tired, old eyes and transform them into bright, youthful eyes with energy. The difference is enormous visually because so much of human contact is face-to-face and the eyes are the focal point of the face.

curvier figures. Research suggests that women of color, as well as communities of color in general, may consider more body types attractive than white beauty standards. However, because women of color are often excluded from fat positivity and acceptance movements, many have turned to social media as a way of finding inclusion within the movements. Some fat women of color resist dominant beauty standards by creating intersectional frameworks for accepting fat women of all identities. Fat women of color work to resist fetishization by the male gaze or those giving unwanted health advice, while also creating positive and accepting

How can electric motors for cars be small enough to fit into a car and relatively cheap while industrial electric motors with similar power and torque are the size of a kitchen and cost more than an electric car?

Industrial electric motors are meant to be run nearly 24/7 at higher loads and don't have to be portable, so size isn't usually a factor as much as keeping them cool, so they're built to shed excess heat better, and more surface are = more heat that can be transferred away. on the other hand for cars, weight and size are bigger factors, and the motors in them will never be run full power all the time, so more effort is put into them to keep them smaller. Heat dissipation isn't as much of a problem either in a car as you can use the cars air flow to help keep things cool, whereas industrial motors don't usually sit in well ventilated areas.

dynamo. Traction motors used on vehicles often perform both tasks. Electric motors can be run as generators and vice versa, although this is not always practical. Electric motors are ubiquitous, being found in applications as diverse as industrial fans, blowers and pumps, machine tools, household appliances, power tools, and disk drives. They may be powered by direct current (for example a battery powered portable device or motor vehicle), or by alternating current from a central electrical distribution grid. The smallest motors may be found in electric wristwatches. Medium-size motors of highly standardized dimensions and characteristics provide convenient mechanical power for

Why are sunglasses universally considered "cool"?

people use their eyes to communicate their level of comfort/aggression/submission with one another. shades will remove this information and allow others to fill in the blanks. for example, you might be avoiding eye contact, but because of your sunglasses this does not register with people and you seem undeservingly "cool"

eyes, sunglasses have become popular for several further reasons, and are sometimes worn even indoors or at night. Sunglasses can be worn to hide one's eyes. They can make eye contact impossible, which can be intimidating to those not wearing sunglasses; the avoided eye contact can also demonstrate the wearer's detachment, which is considered desirable (or "cool") in some circles. Eye contact can be avoided even more effectively by using mirrored sunglasses. Sunglasses can also be used to hide emotions; this can range from hiding blinking to hiding weeping and its resulting red eyes. In all cases, hiding one's eyes has

How To Turn an Extra Wireless Router into a Wireless Extender

You may be better off in one of the tech subreddits (like /r/techsupport or /r/networking). However, I have done this before with a Linksys router. Find out if one of the popular 3rd party firmwares (like [DD-WRT](_URL_0_) or [Tomato](_URL_1_)) will work on your router. Then find a guide online to help you set it up as a repeater. Make sure you read all instructions carefully, because you can brick your router if you are not careful when updating the firmware.

Wireless operation Recently, wireless DMX512 adapters have become popular, especially in architectural lighting installations where cable lengths can be prohibitively long. Such networks typically employ a wireless transmitter at the controller, with strategically placed receivers near the fixtures to convert the wireless signal back to conventional DMX512 wired network signals. Although wireless DMX512 networks can function over distances exceeding 3,000 feet (910 m) under ideal conditions, most wireless DMX512 links are limited to a maximum distance of 1,000–1,500 feet (300–460 m) to ensure reliable operation. The first commercially marketed wireless DMX512 system was based on frequency-hopping spread spectrum (FHSS) technology using commercial wireless

What is the difference between quality sushi and regular sushi?

Fresh vs. Frozen - was it alive this morning? The Chef's reputation and experience - you're buying his car! The ambience isn't free, if you're having sushi at a Chinese buffet, it's mostly fake crab and Thai illegal immigrants doing the work. The exact kind of fish! You're not going to find supermarket fish at the Sushi-is-us hole in the wall. If you want the whole range of selection, you need the real Sushi Bar.

staple in Japanese restaurants worldwide. Despite common misconceptions, onigiri is not a form of sushi and should not be confused with the type of sushi called nigirizushi or simply nigiri. Onigiri is made with plain rice (sometimes lightly salted), while sushi is made of rice with vinegar, sugar and salt. Onigiri makes rice portable and easy to eat as well as preserving it, while sushi originated as a way of preserving fish. History In Murasaki Shikibu's 11th-century diary Murasaki Shikibu Nikki, she writes of people eating rice balls. At that time, onigiri were called tonjiki and often consumed at outdoor picnic

Why do American cities often have to take large public transport projects such as light rail and metro system to the voters but don't have to do the same for massive highway and road construction?

Large road projects usually exist to keep the existing road network running, or to improve its relation to the rest of the city. Bridges need to be retrofitted, underpasses capped, tarmac replaced. They may be big projects, but they're really necessary to keep the system functioning like it is. A major public transportation network is an entirely new investment. If you don't do it, you don't it--there's no downside other than that you don't have the network. A comparable project would be the construction of an entirely new highway link (or in some cities, the removal of major highways), which is rare and nowadays often put to voters as well. Of note is that many major highway projects were initiated in a time when referendums for transportation were not as common.

Rail. Overall though, public transportation has been an important issue for 21st Century American cities, and as a result there has been a large amount of focus on building or expanding various public transportation systems within urban areas.

How come bluetooth is so much slower than Wi-Fi?

Bluetooth is designed to be short-range very low-power for small portable equipment. Part of the power-savings of Bluetooth come from diminished bandwidth (just as much as the weaker signal). One could speed up Bluetooth to Wi-Fi speeds, but then it would defeat the purpose of BT's major design feature. If you're looking for something that works like plunging a cable between devices but has Wi-Fi speeds, you might like wireless USB: _URL_0_

this for speeds up to 3 Mbit/s. Bluetooth 2.1 improved device pairing speed and security. Bluetooth 3.0 again improved transfer speed up to 24 Mbit/s. In 2010 Bluetooth 4.0 (Low Energy) was released with its main focus being reduced power consumption. Before Bluetooth 4.0 the majority of connections using Bluetooth were two way, both devices listen and talk to each other. Although this two way communication is still possible with Bluetooth 4.0, one way communication is also possible. This one way communication allows a bluetooth device to transmit information but not listen for it. These one way "beacons" do not

How does the ISS avoid damage from solar wind's if it is always in constant orbit?

The ISS orbits beneath the protective shield created by the earth's magnetism. The bulk of the solar wind is deflected away from earth by the earth's magnetic field.

of these panels varies depending upon their predicted exposure to damage. Radiation Stations in low earth orbit are partially protected from the space environment by the Earth's magnetic field. From an average distance of about 70,000 km, depending on Solar activity, the magnetosphere begins to deflect solar wind around the Earth and space stations in orbit. However, solar flares are still a hazard to the crew, who may receive only a few minutes warning. The crew of the ISS took shelter as a precaution in 2005 in a more heavily shielded part of that station designed for this purpose during the

Why do we tear up when we yawn

Not 100% sure if this is the correct answer, but the act of yawning presses against the glands which produce tears. These glands are like a sac, so pressing against these sacs make the tear flow regardless of if you need it or not

wrote, "One man's yawning makes another yawn", and the French proverbialized the idea to "Un bon bâilleur en fait bâiller sept" ("One good gaper makes seven others gape"). Often, if one person yawns, this may cause another person to "empathetically" yawn. Observing another person's yawning face (especially his/her eyes), reading or thinking about yawning, or looking at a yawning picture can cause a person to yawn. The proximate cause for contagious yawning may lie with mirror neurons in the frontal cortex of certain vertebrates, which, upon being exposed to a stimulus from conspecific (same species) and occasionally interspecific organisms, activates

With the Separation of Pangea, how come we didn't evolve into several different species?

We weren't around back then. The continents were already in their present form when humans evolved (in Africa, almost certainly).

to coastal plains, a type of common and stable habitat at the time. Although the formation of Pangea helped the genus to widespread, it also affected its environments. They began to disappear due to a climatic change that caused alterations of depositional and vegetational patterns across the world, provoking a decrease in number of the genus. A. sellardsi from the Artinskian (around 290-284 mya, Early Permian) epoch of Kansas, United States, was the last species of Adelophthalmus and therefore of all the suborder Eurypterina. The genus expanded the temporal range of the suborder by about 100 million years and turned

The new changes to paypal's policies, and why its bad for me.

The big one that's mentioned is the change that you can't join a class-action against paypal so I'll explain that. Lawsuits are expensive. Even a little suit against your neighbor over cutting down your tree can rack up costs from court fees and time spent arguing the case. In a major court case involving a huge business, this gets even worse with the added time and expense of hiring a lawyer. Generally speaking, a large corporation will have more money to throw at the court case than you do and can bog it down until you can't afford the costs anymore. Class action lawsuits are one of the defenses in the law against this. Instead of just representing yourself, you represent a whole group of people (a class) who were wronged by the corporation in the same way you were. EXAMPLE: Widget Works sells you a widget to trim your cat's fur. It sets the cat on fire and you sue for 200$ (cost of widget + damage to cat). Now, you can't afford to sue them and a lawyer won't do it for a cut of the reward. However, upon further research, you find that 10,000 other people had their cat set on fire by widgets. Although a cut of 200$ isn't enough for a lawyer, a cut of $2,000,000 is worth it. By filing a class action lawsuit of for yourself and those 10,000 people, you can actually find a lawyer to represent you.

set currency conversion option in account settings. From 2009 to 2016, PayPal operated Student Accounts, allowing parents to set up a student account, transfer money into it, and obtain a debit card for student use. The program provided tools to teach how to spend money wisely and take responsibility for actions. PayPal discontinued Student Accounts in August 2016. In November 2009, PayPal opened its platform, allowing other services to get access to its code and to use its infrastructure in order to enable peer-to-peer online transactions. In 2007, PayPal acquired the online credit product Bill Me Later, Inc., which has since been

How is Canadian healthcare different from Obamacare?

Canadian healthcare is, more or less, single-payer. Basically, you pay a tax to the government and the government insures you. American healthcare is a big old mess. We have single-payer for some people (Medicare), full-on nationalized healthcare for some (the Veterans' administration, where doctors are government employees), private insurance for many, and no insurance (fuck you and die) for some. Obamacare is actually working--it's fixing some of the worst problems with private insurance and reducing the number of people with no insurance. But our health care system is still a big old mess. Obamacare didn't create the mess, but it does sort of freeze it in place. If you want more detail, I created a comic to explain Obamacare here: _URL_0_.

Fairness for American Families Act Background The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA), commonly called Obamacare or the Affordable Care Act (ACA), is a United States federal statute signed into law by President Barack Obama on March 23, 2010. Together with the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act, it represents the most significant government expansion and regulatory overhaul of the U.S. healthcare system since the passage of Medicare and Medicaid in 1965. The ACA is aimed at increasing the affordability and rate of health insurance coverage for Americans, and reducing the overall costs of health care (for individuals and the

Why do app developers like supercell release their updates/apps way earlier on one platform than the other?

If you're referring to the time gap between Android and iOS releases, the answer is because of Apple. Things get on the Android market very easily and quickly, because the Android market is cool. Apple has dozens of excessive rules and guidelines that they strictly enforce, so they actually look through the app/code. This takes time, so they usually push the update to Android and iOS at the same time, and Apple takes forever to approve. edit: of course this doesn't mean that Android doesn't have or enforce guidelines. They just aren't ridiculous like Apple's.

cumulative downloads by June 27, 2009; 30 official and 31 unofficial apps by July 13, 2009; 1,000 official apps by January 1, 2010; 4,000 official apps September 29, 2010; and 10,002 official apps on December 9, 2011. Subsequently, the number of available apps decreased because many apps were withdrawn from the App Catalog by their owners. Examples include the apps for The New York Times and Pandora Radio. After a Catalog splash screen on November 11, 2014 announcing its depreciation, the HP App Catalog servers were permanently shut down on March 15, 2015. The number of functional apps remaining at that

Why doesn't the SAP button work in reverse

conjecture: English speakers don't watch the shows, so they are not translated. The shows are not translated because English speakers do not watch the shows.

can change the button to a 'Back' button, there is no way to add a 'Forward' button. However, as the browser supports swipe navigation for both forwards and back, this is a minor issue. Multitasking Unlike its predecessor, Windows Phone 8 uses true multitasking, allowing developers to create apps that can run in the background and resume instantly. A user can switch between "active" tasks by pressing and holding the Back button, but any application listed may be suspended or terminated under certain conditions, such as a network connection being established or battery power running low. An app running in the

Why do the vast majority of good police officers and other form of L.E. protect the "bad apples" and not outcast/ help remove them?

Cop here. Truly "bad" cops don't want to get caught. If they're doing something shady, they're probably hiding it. A couple other factors: Police departments operate independently from one another. I have nothing to do with the department in the next town over, let alone across County or state lines. Even within the same department, you'll have your own beat. You'll go most of the day without interacting with your fellow officers. I work in a department with over 1700 sworn officers. I see about 10 of them a day, and only 2 or 3 of them will I actuality go on calls with in my response area.

is not enough to mouth platitudes about "a few bad apples". The problem might lie with a minority of officers, but it is still a significant problem, and a problem that needs to be addressed ... according to one survey carried out recently, only 42% of black people from a Caribbean background trust the police. That is simply not sustainable ... I will soon publish proposals to strengthen the protections available to whistleblowers in the police. I am creating a new criminal offence of police corruption. And I am determined that the use of stop and search must come down,

If we were still at war with Nazi Germany, Nazi supporters would be tried for treason. Why now are Nazi groups aloud to persist, unchallenged by law?

There is a very fine balancing act between avoiding government censorship and persecution of political groups on the one hand, and allowing desctructive elements to fester until they become too big to deal with on the other. If you give the government powers to imprison people for holding certain political beliefs, how is that fundamentally different from what the Gestapo did? And who gets to say exactly which political opinions are allowed and which are not? Back in the Germany of the 1930s, the popular belief was that it was the Communists who were the dangerous, subversive elements, and the Nazis promised to deal with them. It was when the Reichstag building burned down -- apparently as part of a Communist plot, although nobody can ever be 100% sure of that -- that the Nazis were able to push through their Enabling Act, a kind of emergency legislation, ostensibly to eliminate this threat to society, but which in fact made it possible to effectively ban all other political parties and dismantle Germany's entire democratic system. For obvious reasons, modern Germany is very keen to ensure that extremist political groups can never do such a thing ever again, and so they had to come up with a way to ban such organisations without giving a future government the power to eliminate all opposition in exactly the way the Nazis did. Germany's approach takes on this form: first, the German constitution contains lots of written guarantees of certain basic human rights. Many clauses are subject to what's called an "eternity clause", meaning they can never be repealed or weakened for any reason whatever, and they must be included in any new constitution that succeeds the current one. Then, there is a ban on any political party that is, in the language of German law, "antagonistic to the constitution". That is, if your political movement can be shown to be actively working towards undermining the constitution, it can be banned. The bar is set quite high, though. The authorities have to gather a *lot* of evidence, and this often means infiltrating the movement. There was an embarrassing case a couple of years ago, when some agents had infiltrated such a movement so successfully, that they rose up through the ranks and some of them were partly responsible for the very policies that were supposed to be evidence of the party's anti-constitutional aims. (It's difficult to blame the agents -- after all, they really didn't want to break cover.) Then the constitutional court has to study the evidence, and decide whether or not to withdraw the organisation's status as a political party. But even if you ban the organisation, you can't change the minds of the individuals. They will simply regroup, and join or found a new party, taking care to ensure that in public at least, they stay on the right side of the law. The real key to this, though, is not the nuclear option of suspending basic rights for certain classes of people. It seems to be education, and here Germany has an advantage. All German schoolchildren are taught about the rise of the Nazis and WW2, and in particular they are all made to visit a concentration camp. The message "Never again" is drummed into them from a very early age.

the "decisive part" played by the Versailles treaty in causing Nazi Germany and the war crimes committed by the Allies "... by damning the whole German nation as an international outlaw" and it was "... the German people as a whole who were to be indicted as the sole criminals, guilty of waging a malevolent war of aggression". As such, the Nuremberg trials were presented as having nothing to do with justice, but instead were a political show trial. The Commando Order, the cash payments from the Konto 5 slush fund and Raeder's calls for war with the United States were not

Why is pencil graphite referred to as Lead instead of graphite?

Before chemistry was really a thing, everyone thought that graphite was a type of lead, probably because it's so soft.

a mix of powdered graphite and clay; it was invented by Nicolas-Jacques Conté in 1795. It is chemically unrelated to the metal lead, whose ores had a similar appearance, hence the continuation of the name. Plumbago is another older term for natural graphite used for drawing, typically as a lump of the mineral without a wood casing. The term plumbago drawing is normally restricted to 17th and 18th century works, mostly portraits. Today, pencils are still a small but significant market for natural graphite. Around 7% of the 1.1 million tonnes produced in 2011 was used to make pencils. Low-quality amorphous graphite

If your shoe comes off why according to reddit, does it normally equal death in an accident?

Can you imagine being hit so hard you fly out of your shoes??

the players can not move one foot which is planted outer ankle bone to toe. The players score a hit by touching any part of the opponent with their finger of the bound hand or when they cause the other player to lose balance and move their planted foot. Three hits is a win. Players are disqualified for causing injury or using the dead hand for anything but balance. Another variation includes the "instant death" rule. The most common version being when a player strikes another in the nose. Other locations such as the neck and forehead may also be used.

Why are the words "Yeah" and "Oh" always in pop songs and said for so long?

They are used as *filler* where the tune requires a note, but the singer doesn't have anything more to say. An excellent lyricist will try to adjust the wording so that not too many of these are needed.

Ame)" in 1991 and several powerful tieups with TV programs, their popularity peaked during the first half of the 1990s. In those days, they released five million-selling hits: "Say Yes" and "if", "YAH YAH YAH/夢の番人 (YAH YAH YAH/Yume no Bannin)", "HEART/NATURAL/On Your Mark", "めぐり逢い (Meguriai)". "Say Yes" and "YAH YAH YAH" each sold over two million copies. "Say Yes", released in 1991, is the sixth best-selling single in Japanese Oricon charts history. "Say Yes" was the opening theme song for 101回目のプロポーズ (101st Proposal), a 1991 TV drama. Their album Tree has been certified by the RIAJ for sales of 3

How do certain websites offer free copyrighted movies and television shows without being shut down?

I know of a few websites that use servers that are outside of the US, specifically in regions in which they could give fuck-all about US Copyright laws. Think small eastern Euro countries, and the middle east. I personally met someone who ran an operation remotely in Saudi Arabia, from the US, and literally had $25k dropped into his bank account overnight after three or four months of successful operation. It's insanely lucrative if you know and understand basic webdev and some programming.

website is now threatening visitors that their actions can get them caught, displaying the visitor's IP address. The screen text reads as follows: The United States Supreme Court unanimously confirmed that using this service to trade copyrighted material is illegal. Copying copyrighted motion picture and music files using unauthorized peer-to-peer services is illegal and is prosecuted by copyright owners. There are legal services for downloading music and movies. This service is not one of them. YOUR IP ADDRESS IS XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX AND HAS BEEN LOGGED. Don't think you can't get caught. You are not anonymous. — Grokster site Impact of legal threats and fallout from Grokster’s demise In the

The different branches of Christianity, and why they are no longer combated as heresy

In many Christian circles, this is the analogy that applies: Imagine a target, with three rings. The center, the bullseye, are the core values. I call them "primaries". It's what defines Christianity. Without starting a debate, I'll say that some people disagree on what goes in the middle. These people we'd call heretics (an extreme example would be to say that Christians pray to Allah - obviously wrong religion). In the next outer ring, the middle, we have "secondaries" - this contains issues like speaking in tongues, eating shellfish/pork, Saturday vs Sunday Sabbath, etc. We can disagree and have discussion on these, but it doesn't make you less Christian. In the outermost ring, everything else falls. This would be issues like watching R-rate movies, wearing jewelry made of gold, and non-related topics like playing sports or driving race cars. We use our secondaries and primaries to express our outermost issues. We have unity in primaries, liberty in secondaries, and charity in all. Source: I am a Christian (actually a Messianic Jew).

denominational differences to the point of being narrowly exclusive", similar to sectarianism). Protestant leaders differ greatly from the views of the leaders of the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church, the two largest Christian denominations. Each church makes mutually exclusive claims for itself to be the direct continuation of the Church founded by Jesus Christ, from whom other denominations later broke away. These churches, and a few others, reject denominationalism. Historically, Catholics would label members of certain Christian churches (also certain non-Christian religions) by the names of their founders, either actual or purported. Such supposed founders were referred to as

Where does color goes when the sun "bleaches" it?

It breaks the molecules that make the color, and the byproducts don't have any specific color. The atoms are still there, but formed into different molecules.

the colors to bleach or change in a process known as photodegradation. Materials that resist this effect are said to be lightfast. The electromagnetic spectrum of the sun contains wavelengths from gamma waves to radio waves. The high energy of ultraviolet radiation in particular accelerates the fading of the dye. The photon energy of UVA-radiation which is not absorbed by atmospheric ozone exceeds the dissociation energy of the carbon-carbon single bond, resulting in the cleavage of the bond and fading of the color. Inorganic colourants are considered to be more lightfast than organic colourants. Black colourants are usually considered the

Animal cloning

The egg of a donor animal is obtained. The nucleus is sucked out of the egg, and the nucleus from an adult animal that is desired to be cloned is injected. The egg then will either expire or start to divide. If division is allowed to continue, the embryo may be able to be implanted into a host surrogate mother animal, and the clone then gestates as a normal embryo does. Gestation complete, it is born. Tada, clone. Typically, all the animal parts are the same animal, but not always. An example of a 12 day old experiment with cow egg and human nucleus happened, for example. _URL_0_ It is important to note that this does not guarantee a psychological/mental clone, but a physical one. The experiences of the clone, unless *exactly duplicated in every way to the original*, will mean the clone will wind up with a different personalty traits and/or knowledge (say, one dog can sit on command, while the cloned one won't know that if not taught.) Hope that helps! Edit: Personality bit.

life; others support therapeutic cloning's potential life-saving benefits. Cloning of animals is opposed by animal-groups due to the number of cloned animals that suffer from malformations before they die, and while food from cloned animals has been approved by the US FDA, its use is opposed by groups concerned about food safety. Cloning extinct and endangered species Cloning, or more precisely, the reconstruction of functional DNA from extinct species has, for decades, been a dream. Possible implications of this were dramatized in the 1984 novel Carnosaur and the 1990 novel Jurassic Park. The best current cloning techniques have an average

Considering the origins of the English language (of which I have limited knowledge). Could an alien civilisation develop a strikingly similar language?

Well, you have rather easy window into this: Try comparing languages from other places around the Earth. Do they resemble each other? Turns out, even if you have people who repeatedly talked to each other, shared environment, and their language was born from the same original language, the languages within just the span of hundreds of years diverge greatly. Languages sharing roots basically means that the language you speak and language they speak were originally the same language, but both developed in other direction. For example, English is a Germanic language. A long time ago speakers of that Germanic language started living in various places in Europe, and that Germanic language then developed, due to various circumstances, into English, German, Swedish, Norse, etc. Germanic languages belong to wider group of Indo-European languages, which also contains Latin and other Romance languages, like Spanish. Originally these were a single tongue that was just split. But there are other language families. Within Europe, Finno-Ugric language group is entirely unrelated to Indo-European languages. Japanese belongs seemingly to the language family of its own, it doesn't seem to share similarities with any other major languages. Africa has languages that for example utilize that clicking sound you can do with your tongue, resulting in massively different kind of language. Etc etc. Basically, even if you have humans, living on the same continent, that couple hundred or thousand years ago were speaking the same tongue, the language they speak today doesn't necessarily resemble much at all each other. Even further, if you're curious about English, you know how Shakespeare has his curious style of writing? That style is kinda what defines "Early Modern English". But turns out, English just couple hundred years earlier was almost unintelligible to modern speaker, Here for example is a Bible passage, in English, from 1380's: > And it was don aftirward, and Jhesu made iorney by citees and castelis, prechinge and euangelysinge þe rewme of God, and twelue wiþ him; and summe wymmen þat weren heelid of wickide spiritis and syknessis, Marie, þat is clepid Mawdeleyn, of whom seuene deuelis wenten out, and Jone, þe wyf of Chuse, procuratour of Eroude, and Susanne, and manye oþere, whiche mynystriden to him of her riches.\ Here's Lord's Prayer in Old English, from about 1000 years ago: > Fæder ūre þū þe eart on heofonum, > Sī þīn nama ġehālgod. > Tōbecume þīn rīċe, > ġewurþe þīn willa, on eorðan swā swā on heofonum. > Ūre ġedæġhwāmlīcan hlāf syle ūs tō dæġ, > and forġyf ūs ūre gyltas, swā swā wē forġyfað ūrum gyltendum. > And ne ġelǣd þū ūs on costnunge, ac ālȳs ūs of yfele. > Sōþlīċe. The same read out loud: _URL_0_

attempts to show its relation to other languages than any other language in the world. Since Japanese first gained the consideration of linguists in the late 19th century, attempts have been made to show its genealogical relation to languages or language families such as Ainu, Korean, Chinese, Tibeto-Burman, Ural-Altaic, Altaic, Uralic, Mon–Khmer, Malayo-Polynesian and Ryukyuan. At the fringe, some linguists have suggested a link to Indo-European languages, including Greek, and to Lepcha. As it stands, only the link to Ryukyuan has wide support. Current theories and possibilities Modern main theories tried to link Japanese on the one hand to northern

Why does my phone echo sometimes?

issues with the line. there is noise on the line when you call. when you hang up an phone it makes a new connection and this time no issue with the connection. it can be either the person you call or your phone line causing this issue

Phantom vibration syndrome Phantom vibration syndrome or phantom ringing syndrome is the perception that one's mobile phone is vibrating or ringing when it is not ringing. Other terms for this concept include ringxiety (a portmanteau of ring and anxiety), fauxcellarm (a portmanteau of "faux" /fo͜ʊ/ meaning "fake" or "false" and "cellphone" and "alarm" pronounced similarly to "false alarm") and phonetom (a portmanteau of phone and phantom). According to Dr. Michael Rothberg, the term is not a syndrome, but is better characterised as a tactile hallucination since the brain perceives a sensation that is not actually present. WebMD published an

what are the differences between parliamentary systems and the powers of a prime minister versus a president?

The exact details vary from country to country, but basically the Prime Minister (or Chancellor, or similar term in other countries) is the head of *government*, while the President (or, in the case of countries like the UK, which are constitutional monarchies, the Monarch) is head of *state*. The US President combines both roles, but -- if things work the way they're designed to work -- his powers are limited by Congress as part of the system of "checks and balances", which also involve the courts in the three branches of government and the separation of powers. Usually, the PM is the leader of the largest party represented in Parliament -- so one of the elected representatives. He also chairs the Cabinet, which is also usually composed of elected representatives. From an American perspective, this means that much of the Executive branch overlaps with the Legislative branch. The PM chairs the Cabinet, which implements laws and also formulates official government policy, so the Prime Minister pretty much sets the agenda. However, most things the PM and Cabinet do is subject to debates and votes in Parliament, which includes the opposition. The role of a President is often ceremonial; and in a modern constitutional monarchy, the role of the monarch is also ceremonial. The British monarch, for example, has pretty much no say at all in the political system. In theory, the British Queen could refuse to sign an Act of Parliament into law; in practice, this would provoke a constitutional crisis and probably spell the end of the British monarchy. She does, though, represent Britain internationally, and holds some important posts, such as Head of the Commonwealth of Nations, which is a very useful platform for about 50 countries to discuss issues of mutual interest. In a republic, the President might have a few actual powers. This might be emergency powers, such taking charge temporarily if the government collapses. The German President, for example, reviews all legislation he is asked to sign, and can refer it back to Parliament if he believes the proper procedure was not followed, or to the Constitutional Court if he believes it is not compatible with the constitution. The French President has more wide-reaching powers, and is allowed to actually direct government policy if (and only if) the majority of the Assembly sides with him.

President can be countered by the strong support/opposition of the parties. With a proportionally elected House, a President may strong-arm certain political issues. A Prime-Minister is never elected, but is a 'derivative' of the general election. In most cases, the power of the government is not split among different sections of the government (of President, Senate and House) and power is found with just the House. A Prime-Minister can be seen more as a manager than as a straight-out leader. Nations with district elections (such as the UK) and nations with proportionally elected representatives (such as Spain) can have a Prime-Minister.

Why does inbreeding cause the offspring to have a significantly lower IQ than average? What is the science behind it?

take it that a human body has 2 sets of genes. When a baby is made, half the genes are from the mother and other half is from the father. These genes make proteins which help our body work. However, there are occasionally some errors in the genes which ends up making defective/too much/too little proteins which give rise to diseases. Some of these diseases require 2 faulty set of genes in order to manifest. So if daddy has a defective gene but mommy contributes a normal set, the disease does not manifest clinically (or is milder). If there are many generations of inbreeding, the set of defective genes are kept within the same family tree; there is no new genetic input from a different family and thus the probability of having a child with 2 sets of defective genes increase. This increases the risk of diseases, out of which some may feature a lower IQ/brain malformations.

is an estimate of the percent of homozygous alleles in the overall genome. The more biologically related the parents are, the greater the coefficient of inbreeding, since their genomes have many similarities already. This overall homozygosity becomes an issue when there are deleterious recessive alleles in the gene pool of the family. By pairing chromosomes of similar genomes, the chance for these recessive alleles to pair and become homozygous greatly increases, leading to offspring with autosomal recessive disorders. Inbreeding is especially problematic in small populations where the genetic variation is already limited. By inbreeding, individuals are further decreasing genetic variation by

Why is it that after waking from a bad dream, even though I am awake and aware that the dream was not real, I am still irrationally freaked out and disturbed by the events of the dream for a good amount of time?

If you are having a scary dream your body may start producing Adrenaline, or other hormones that help you deal with stressful situations. Even though you have woken up, those hormones are still active in your system and the heightened sense of awareness sticks around until your hormone levels return to normal.

a dream or following a lucid dream (one in which the dreamer has been aware of dreaming). Particularly, if the false awakening follows a lucid dream, the false awakening may turn into a "pre-lucid dream", that is, one in which the dreamer may start to wonder if they are really awake and may or may not come to the correct conclusion. In a study by Harvard psychologist Deirdre Barrett, 2,000 dreams from 200 subjects were examined and it was found that false awakenings and lucidity were significantly more likely to occur within the same dream or within different dreams of

What are some indicators for advancement in relationships?

I'm a little confused as to what exactly you want to know. Are you talking about the stages of a romantic relationship, and if so are you asking for "signals" or are you asking for general stages, like hand-holding to kissing to sex?

predicted outcome value theory (Sunnafrank, 1986) propositions. Findings supported all hypotheses tested, and demonstrated that during initial conversations predicted outcome value is strongly and positively related to the amount of verbal communication, intimacy of communication content, nonverbal affiliation, liking and perceived similarity. More recent research was designed to investigate positive and negative predictors of possible relationships by focusing on decisions to engage in future dates. Interpersonal attraction, homophily, and nonverbal immediacy have been linked to the predicted outcome value of relationships during initial encounters. This study investigates how these variables influence date decisions in a six-minute speed-dating experience. Results indicated interpersonal

Why can't modern houses be economically independent with solar + battery+ a little backup generator just incase?

A) You need a large array of solar powers to provide full coverage to the home (large initial cost, requires a lot of surface area, potentially takes away from the visual appeal of the home) B) until very recently, there hasn't really been any cost-effective battery solution for homes (Tesla Powerwall is helping to change this) C) Most people who live in developed countries don't have to worry about power outages because they are extremely rare. In these countries, it doesn't make sense to install solar panels just as an emergency backup... you would only do the install if your intention was to go off-grid so you don't have to pay a monthly electric utility bill (and/or because you can sell excess electricity back to the grid / power company to potentially earn money).

small size and often roof-mounted solar panels, as their customized builds lend themselves toward rooftop photovoltaics. Especially with the continuously decreasing price of solar panels and batteries, tiny homes are examples of existing and commercially proven alternative off-grid housing. Off-grid solar electrical system Each space and house will have their own energy consumption profile and generation demand. Consequently, they must size their power equipment accordingly. To size battery systems to store captured energy or grid supplied energy to be used during times without power production from the rooftop solar, such as when there is inadequate insolation, you will need to

If we are 70% H2O, why are we considered Carbon based?

The chemistry that keeps us going is based on carbon-chain molecules. We do use water for some reactions but most of it is just solvent for molecules to float around and react in. It's somewhat like why we say tea is a plant-based beverage even though it's mostly water. The interesting part isn't the water.

evidence for the existence of a carbon-12 resonance. The only way Hoyle could find that would produce an abundance of both carbon and oxygen is through a triple alpha process with a carbon-12 resonance near 7.68 MeV. Hoyle went to nuclear physicist William Alfred Fowler's lab at Caltech and said that there had to be a resonance of 7.68 MeV in the carbon-12 nucleus. (There had been reports of an excited state at about 7.5 MeV.) Fred Hoyle's audacity in doing this is remarkable, and initially the nuclear physicists in the lab were skeptical. Finally, a junior physicist, Ward Whaling, fresh from Rice

Why do we have speed limits rather than a speed range?

Because that's the top speed you can safely do, assuming ideal conditions (at least that's the premise). When it's raining, snowing, cold or dark, this changes it from being ideal conditions. It's not safe to drive at that speed any more. Worse it is, the slower you need to go, especially if your visibility is impaired. Too much variation in the weather to set a "minimum speed". Not sure about you are, but here there is a 5% tolerance on our 100kph speed limit - 105 before they'll ping you. (which quite funnily is, in mph, equating to 63mph in a 60)

grounds and drivers are expected to not cause unnecessary obstruction by driving unusually slowly. Justification According to the government, speed limits are used to help achieve appropriate traffic speeds for safety, and environmental and accessibility reasons. The Department for Transport state that "speed limits play a fundamental role" in the effective management of traffic speeds in relation to the safety of both drivers and all other road users. Safety The 30 mph (48 km/h) speed limit in built-up areas was introduced in 1934 in response to high casualty levels. The 70 mph (112 km/h) limit on previously unrestricted roads was introduced in 1965

After the Big Bang, how did the Universe form multiple galaxies and establish order from disorder?

Simply put, gravity. And distubances in the uniformity of the universe, which caused there to be larger clumps than in other places. The universe, at the very beginning, was all energy. But then the universe cooled as it expanded (much like an expansion valve in an airconditioning system makes happen.) This cooling caused matter condensation on the order of quarks, leptons, bosons, that sort of thing... and their anti-matter counterparts. These annihilated each other. For matter/anti-matter touching does that. Instant energy. Nothing left behind. But for whatever reason the anti-matter did not outnumber the matter condensate, and so that's the universe we have today, a matter one.(To an outside observer, it might be the 'anti-matter' universe, for we simply label what we see from our perspective. But that's another discussion.) Anyway, that caused ripples and disparate distribution in the smoothness of the matter, and because matter has gravity and also an electromagnetic charge to it, this 'clumpiness' caused denser places than others. These denser clumps of what later condensated into Hydrogen (H) became big enough to let there be light, as many large and in charge stars came to be born. These stars were also in bigger clumps, and so they became galaxies. Probably, possibly, just irregular globular cluster types rather than any spiral or such, at first. Then the stars, so heavy, so fast burning and blue, blew the hell up and spewed enriched guts (one of my favorite DeGrasse Tysonisims) and energy shockwaves all over the place, causing further disturbances in the smoothness of the universe. These then shoved other clouds of matter, hydrogen laden, to be disturbed, form more stars, repeating the process. Eventually, these clouds of matter also came to have the other elements like silicon, gold, etc, that would allow rocky planets to form about these stars, all due to the over and over cycle of stars blowing up and making more of the heavier elements past Iron (Fe). And further, it caused more clumping of matter, and that into stars, but those stars were already centered around themselves and their clouds, so galaxies. And then galaxies ate/merged with other galaxies. And so on. But it all, ALL can be traced back to gravity, energy, electromagnetics, and the lumpiness in the distribution of the matter of the universe. The chaos that begats some semblance of order. Speaking of which, I don't find the universe to be very orderly, to be honest. It's about as chaotic as you can get, my opinion.

galaxy, therefore, may have formed at the same time as most other galaxies. Contents Spectroscopic observations with ground-based telescopes have shown that I Zwicky 18 is almost exclusively composed of hydrogen and helium, the main ingredients created in the Big Bang. The galaxy's primordial makeup suggests that its rate of star formation has been much lower than that of other galaxies of similar age. The galaxy has been studied with most of NASA's telescopes, including the Spitzer Space Telescope, the Chandra X-ray Observatory, and the Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer (FUSE). However, it remains a mystery why I Zwicky 18 formed

can you explain the NFL lockout to me (what it is, why it happened, outcomes of it etc.) LI5

Ok, im not a big expert but for some reason I'm not seeing most Reddit users as being highly into sports. So basically, just like with every other corporation we have owners (own the team), workers (players), investors (other corporations), and consumer (us). I will break it down as best I can that way. Like all businesses the owners make contracts with the workers. The owners also have a contract that goes over all these small contracts. This contract designates the big things, (percentage of profits, advertising, how long a season is. **Owners**- (Again, not certain on % but I am quite close). Before the end of the last big contract owners made about 46-48% of total money from the NFL while players made 54-52. The owners did not like this. They are the bosses. This is their investment. So for this negotiation they said they want a higher percentage. Also, each year we have a 16 game season with 4 preseason games. Another concession is that the owners wanted a 2 game preseason and an 18 game season. **Workers**- The players. Obviously like that they make over half. I mean come on, they are the talent. Without the talent, you have no team to keep making you (owner) money. So they aren't to happy that the owners want more. I believe they weren't for or against the season increase. **Investors**- These are corporations like Pepsi, or Coke, trying to buy advertising for their company. They want owners to have more money because then the owners might charge less for advertising rights at their stadiums (long shot, not gonna happen). Now the 18 game season, that is what they are interested in. They want this increase. 2 more real games is gold to them. More advertising= more business=more money. Also, corps with deals, such as Pepsi, who sell only their pop during games, make more money. A longer season means more money must be spent to keep their business longer. **Consumer**- This is really based on your feelings of football. If you really like it, a longer season is good. Now the profit % could affect us. We attend games. If the owners lose money, they are going to charge more for pretty much everything to make up for it. This is bad. Our only concession here is that if they lose money but get a longer season we might not see a big increase as 2 more regular games means 2 more games with a full set of seats, selling merchandise, food, etc. Hope this helps. I haven't had a ton of time to see the final results. I just know it ended. If its not answered in the morning I will do some research and get you a final result. Hope this helped.

accused the league of planning to lock them out all along rather than negotiate a new contract. The union contended that the lockout would jeopardize the safety of the players and the integrity of the game, citing the fact that none of the replacement officials would come from the top college divisions and thus would not have enough experience to adjust to the speed of the NFL game or enforce the various players' safety rules. The NFL denied these claims, saying that they negotiated in good faith. In July 2012, the NFL Referees Association filed a complaint with the National Labor

The world can't agree on standard units of measurement for anything except time. H ow come?

They can and did. ISO standard units called the SI units. Most everyone doing serious business is using them for most everything and have been for a while, non-SI units are just used in day-to-day stuff because people have preferences and it's generally not worth it to, for example, force Canadians to actually measure their mass in kilograms.

Time in physics The unit of measurement of time: the second In the International System of Units (SI), the unit of time is the second (symbol: ). It is a SI base unit, and it has been defined since 1967 as "the duration of 9, 192, 631, 770 [cycles] of the radiation corresponding to the transition between the two hyperfine levels of the ground state of the caesium 133 atom". This definition is based on the operation of a caesium atomic clock. These clocks became practical for use as primary reference standards after about 1955 and have been in

We all mostly skip or block ads. What makes companies still believe online ads like on youtube is worth investing?

"We" is comprised of tech-savvy desktop/laptop users. Mobile users and most internet users don't use adblock, and their revenue makes it worthwhile.

Advertising revenue Overview There are a variety of methods and providers which individuals and online organizations can use in order to earn monetary income in the form of advertisements accompanying their website or digital media content. Digital technology giants such as Google, Facebook, YouTube, Amazon, and Microsoft allow website owners and content creators to engage in partnerships and display advertisements with their online media; these owners and creators can subsequently receive a share of the advertising revenue. Individuals and organizations can earn significant income through advertising revenue. In 2018, it was reported that major YouTube content creators such as Jake

Can someone explain what quantum suicide and quantum immortality are?

One cat goes into a box, this cat is [Schrödinger's cat](_URL_1_). To make a long story short.... > He proposed a scenario with a cat in a sealed box, wherein the cat's life or death depended on the state of a subatomic particle. According to Schrödinger, the Copenhagen interpretation implies that the cat remains both alive and dead (to the universe outside the box) until the box is opened. The reason "the cat's life or death depended on the state of a subatomic particle," is because of the [Copenhagen interpretation](_URL_0_) of Quantum Mechanics. Frankly, I can't explain this like you're a 5 year old. It's hard, mathy shit. But a non-explanation is... > It holds that quantum mechanics does not yield a description of an objective reality but deals only with probabilities... According to the interpretation, the act of measurement causes the set of probabilities to immediately and randomly assume only one of the possible values. So, how are these related? The cat in the box only dies when the state of the subatomic particle is known to you. Until then, it's both alive and dead. Why is this important? Because another theory says every possible outcome happens in one universe or another. This means every time you open the box, the universe "splits." In one universe, the cat dies. In another, the cat lives. So if you repeat the experiment a billion times, in *one* universe, you've got an immortal cat. Perhaps that cat's consciousness is, in itself, immortal in its own universe. I mean, living a billion times seems pretty unlikely, right? That's more of a philosophical position than scientific one, though.

Quantum suicide and immortality In quantum mechanics, quantum suicide is a thought experiment, originally published independently by Hans Moravec in 1987 and Bruno Marchal in 1988 and independently developed further by Max Tegmark in 1998. It attempts to distinguish between the Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics and the Everett many-worlds interpretation by means of a variation of the Schrödinger's cat thought experiment, from the cat's point of view. Quantum immortality refers to the subjective experience of surviving quantum suicide regardless of the odds. Keith Lynch recalls that Hugh Everett took great delight in paradoxes such as the unexpected hanging. Everett did