Split (1)

train · 7.56k rows

source stringclasses 5 values	query_id stringlengths 36 36	query stringlengths 11 298	doc_name stringlengths 3 108	answer listlengths 1 131	doc_url stringlengths 39 44	num_doc_labels int32 1 5	doc_pool dict	oracle dict
naturalqa	94d6a3cc-0b53-4c17-b099-3198435d531c	how many fraternities and sororities are at miami university	Miami University	[ "over 50" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=295150	1	{ "mapped_id": [ "94d6a3cc-0b53-4c17-b099-3198435d531c", "94d6a3cc-0b53-4c17-b099-3198435d531c", "94d6a3cc-0b53-4c17-b099-3198435d531c", "94d6a3cc-0b53-4c17-b099-3198435d531c", "94d6a3cc-0b53-4c17-b099-3198435d531c" ], "doc_name": [ "Miami University", "Miami University", "Miami University", "Miami University", "Miami University" ], "doc_chunk": [ "Public university in Oxford, Ohio, US\nMiami University (informally Miami of Ohio or simply Miami) is a public research university in Oxford, Ohio, United States. The university was founded in 1809, making it the second-oldest university in Ohio and the 10th-oldest public university (32nd overall) in the United States. The school's system comprises the main campus in Oxford, as well as regional campuses in nearby Hamilton, Middletown, and West Chester, Ohio. Miami also maintains an international boarding campus, the Dolibois European Center in Differdange, Luxembourg. Miami University provides a liberal arts education; it offers more than 120 undergraduate degree programs and over 70 graduate degree programs within its seven schools and colleges in architecture, business, engineering, humanities and the sciences. Miami was one of the original eight Public Ivy schools, a group of publicly funded universities considered as providing a quality of education comparable to those of the Ivy League. It is classified among \"R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity\". Miami University has a long tradition of Greek life; five social Greek-letter organizations were founded at the university earning Miami the nickname \"Mother of Fraternities\". Today, Miami University hosts over 50 fraternity and sorority chapters, and approximately one-third of the undergraduate student population are members of the Greek community. Miami's athletic teams compete in the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I and are collectively known as the Miami RedHawks. They compete in the Mid-American Conference in all varsity sports except ice hockey, which competes in the National Collegiate Hockey Conference. History. Old Miami (1809–1873).", "The foundations for Miami University were first laid by signed by President George Washington, stating an academy should be Northwest of the Ohio River in the Miami Valley. The land was within the Symmes Purchase; Judge John Cleves Symmes, the land's owner, purchased it from the government with the stipulation that he set aside land for an academy. Congress granted one township to be in the District of Cincinnati to the Ohio General Assembly for the purposes of building a college, two days after Ohio was granted statehood in 1803; if no suitable location could be provided in the Symmes Purchase, Congress pledged to give federal lands to the legislature after a five-year period. The Ohio Legislature appointed three surveyors in August of the same year to search for a suitable township, and they selected a township off Four Mile Creek. The Legislature passed \"An Act to Establish the Miami University\" on February 2, 1809, and the state created a board of trustees; this is cited as the founding of Miami University. The township originally granted to the university was known as the \"College Township,\" and was renamed Oxford, Ohio, in 1810. The university temporarily halted construction due to the War of 1812. Cincinnati tried—and failed—to move Miami to the city in 1822 and to divert its income to a Cincinnati college. Miami created a grammar school in 1818 to teach frontier youth, but it was disbanded after five years. Robert Hamilton Bishop, a Presbyterian minister and professor of history, was appointed to be the first President of Miami University in 1824, stating in his inaugural speech that all teaching at Miami University should be based in the Bible.", "In 1829 he elaborated on that goal, explaining that he believes Christianity to be the religion of the people of the United States and that the Bible constitutes its \"Standard of [...] religion\". Though financed by means of a government land grant, Miami University initially was inaugurated and operated by Presbyterians, with explicit legislative encouragement for religious education having been enshrined in the Northwest Ordinance. The first day of classes at Miami was on November 1, 1824. At its opening, there were 20 students and two faculty members in addition to Bishop. The curriculum included Greek, Latin, Algebra, Geography, and Roman history; the university offered only a Bachelor of Arts. An \"English Scientific Department\" was started in 1825, which studied modern languages, applied mathematics, and political economy as training for more practical professions. It offered a certificate upon completion of coursework, not a diploma. The school provided public prayers twice a day and required all students to partake in a public worship on every Sunday. Miami students purchased a printing press, and in 1827 published their first periodical, \"The Literary Focus\". It promptly failed, but it laid the foundation for the weekly \"Literary Register\". The \"Miami Student\", founded in 1867, traces its foundation back to the \"Literary Register\" and claims to be the oldest college newspaper in the United States. A theological department and a farmer's college were formed in 1829; the farmer's college was not an agricultural school, but a three-year education program for farm boys.", "William Holmes McGuffey joined the faculty in 1826, and began his work on the \"McGuffey Readers\" while in Oxford. By 1834 the faculty had grown to seven professors and enrollment was at 234 students. Eleven students were expelled in 1835, including one for firing a pistol at another student. McGuffey resigned and became the President of the Cincinnati College, where he urged parents not to send their children to Miami. Alpha Delta Phi opened its chapter at Miami in 1833, making it the first fraternity chapter West of the Allegheny Mountains. In 1839, Beta Theta Pi was created; it was the first fraternity formed at Miami. In 1839 Old Miami reached its enrollment peak, with 250 students from 13 states; only Harvard, Yale, and Dartmouth were larger. President Bishop was forced to resign by the Board of Trustees in 1840, due to the failure of his appeals for unity in face of the Old School–New School controversy, which had caused factions to rise up against each other trying to take over the university's administration. Old School adherents won out by focussing on his anti-slavery beliefs, lenient disciplinary methods, and an agreement he had struck with the New School Lane Seminary, allowing students of both institutions to learn at the other. He was replaced as president by George Junkin, former President of Lafayette College, a strict Old School adherent with strong anti-Methodist and pro-slavery views; Junkin resigned in 1844, having proved to be unpopular with students. By 1847, enrollment had fallen to 137 students. Students in 1848 participated in the \"Snowball Rebellion\".", "Defying the faculty's stance against fraternities, students packed Old Main, one of Miami's main classrooms and administrative buildings, with snow and reinforced the snow with chairs, benches and desks from the classroom. Those who had participated in the rebellion were expelled from the school and Miami's student population was more than halved. By 1873, enrollment fell further to 87 students. The board of trustees closed the school in 1873, and leased the campus for a grammar school. The period before its closing is referred to as \"Old Miami.\" New Miami (1885–present). The university reopened in 1885, having paid all of its debts and repaired many of its buildings; there were 40 students in its first year. Enrollment remained under 100 students throughout the 1800s. Miami focused on aspects outside of the classics, including botany, physics, and geology departments. With its reopening a change in religious policy occurred, the school no longer required faculty to be ordained Presbyterian ministers. In 1888, Miami began inter-collegiate football play in a game against the University of Cincinnati. By the early 1900s, the state of Ohio pledged regular financial support for Miami University. Enrollment reached 207 students in 1902. The Ohio General Assembly passed the Sesse Bill in 1902, which mandated coeducation for all Ohio public schools. Miami lacked the rooms to fit all of the students expected the next year, and Miami made an arrangement with Oxford College, a women's college in the town, to rent rooms." ], "support": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ] }	{ "mapped_id": "94d6a3cc-0b53-4c17-b099-3198435d531c", "doc_name": "Miami University", "doc_chunk": "Public university in Oxford, Ohio, US\nMiami University (informally Miami of Ohio or simply Miami) is a public research university in Oxford, Ohio, United States. The university was founded in 1809, making it the second-oldest university in Ohio and the 10th-oldest public university (32nd overall) in the United States. The school's system comprises the main campus in Oxford, as well as regional campuses in nearby Hamilton, Middletown, and West Chester, Ohio. Miami also maintains an international boarding campus, the Dolibois European Center in Differdange, Luxembourg. Miami University provides a liberal arts education; it offers more than 120 undergraduate degree programs and over 70 graduate degree programs within its seven schools and colleges in architecture, business, engineering, humanities and the sciences. Miami was one of the original eight Public Ivy schools, a group of publicly funded universities considered as providing a quality of education comparable to those of the Ivy League. It is classified among \"R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity\". Miami University has a long tradition of Greek life; five social Greek-letter organizations were founded at the university earning Miami the nickname \"Mother of Fraternities\". Today, Miami University hosts over 50 fraternity and sorority chapters, and approximately one-third of the undergraduate student population are members of the Greek community. Miami's athletic teams compete in the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I and are collectively known as the Miami RedHawks. They compete in the Mid-American Conference in all varsity sports except ice hockey, which competes in the National Collegiate Hockey Conference. History. Old Miami (1809–1873).", "support": 1 }
naturalqa	bf5d189b-95be-433d-a5d1-741c33f0538d	who led the revolt of 1857 in allahabad	Maulvi Liaquat Ali	[ "Maulvi Liaquat Ali" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=13434133	1	{ "mapped_id": [ "bf5d189b-95be-433d-a5d1-741c33f0538d", "bf5d189b-95be-433d-a5d1-741c33f0538d", "bf5d189b-95be-433d-a5d1-741c33f0538d", "bf5d189b-95be-433d-a5d1-741c33f0538d", "bf5d189b-95be-433d-a5d1-741c33f0538d" ], "doc_name": [ "Maulvi Liaquat Ali", "Maulvi Liaquat Ali", "Maulvi Sher Ali", "Maulvi Sher Ali", "Liaquat Ali Khan" ], "doc_chunk": [ "Maulvi Liaquat Ali (1817-1892) was a Muslim religious leader from Allahabad (Prayagraj), in the state of Uttar Pradesh in present-day India. He was one of the leaders in the revolt against the British in 1857, in what is now known as the Indian Rebellion of 1857. As one of the most prominent leaders, Maulvi Liaqat Ali belonged to Village Mahgaon in Pargana Chail of District Prayagraj. He was a religious teacher, an upright pious Muslim, and a man of great courage and valour. His family traced their descent from the Jafri branch of Hashmis which had their offshoots at Jaunpur and other places. He was a humble and simple man but when he took the reins of the freedom struggle, he became a dreadful enemy of the British. The Zamindars of Chail were his relatives and followers, and they supported Maulvi with their men and ammunition. Consequently, it was with great difficulty that the British regained control of the city of Allahabad after the Maulvi captured the Khusro Bagh and declared the independence of India Khusro Bagh became the headquarters of the sepoys under Maulvi Liaquat Ali who took charge as the Governor of liberated Allahabad. however, the Mutiny was swiftly put down and Khusro Bagh was retaken by the British in two weeks. He escaped from Allahabad with a few Friends and rebel sepoys after the British recaptured the city, but was caught after 14 years in September 1871 at Byculla railway station in Mumbai.", "He was tried and sentenced to death, but died in captivity in Rangoon (Present-day Yangon) on 17 May 1892. He had married and had a daughter. Her descendants and further generations are still found in and around Pargana Chail and some migrated to Pakistan after independence. The famous Amelia Horne (also known as Amy Horne and Amelia Bennett) was a 17-year-old survivor of the alleged Siege of Cawnpore. She was a witness for the 1872 trial of Liaquat Ali, and was presented in Liaquat Ali's defense as he saved her life. Liaqat Ali was sentenced to life in prison at Port Blair, in one of the Cellular Jail in Andaman Islands. He had a daughter named Amtullah Bibi who then had a son Hafiz Nazir Ahmed. Hafiz Nazir Ahmed had two sons and three daughters the sons (Zamir Ahmed Jafri & Zaheer Ahmed Jafri) later migrated to Pakistan after its creation in 1947. Elder Zamir Ahmed Jafri had three sons, Ahmed Jamal Jafri, Kamal Jamal Jafri and Nehal Jamal Jafri. References. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "Ahmadi Islamic scholar (1875–1947)\nMaulvi Sher Ali Ranjha (24 November 1875 – 13 November 1947) was a prominent Ahmadi scholar and a companion of Mirza Ghulam Ahmad, who claimed to be the Promised Messiah and the awaited mahdi. Early life. Sher Ali was born to a well off and educated Zamindar family that was part of the Ranjha Jat tribe. He was the son of Maulvi Nizam ud Din. His mother died on 7 March 1907. A daughter of Sher Ali, with the name Khadija Beguum wrote his short biography \"Seerat Hadrat Maulvi Sher Ali\". Sher Ali did his B.A. in 1897. Works. When he heard of Mirza Ghulam Ahmad's claim he travelled to Qadian and gave his Bay'ah (Oath of Allegiance) at the hands of Ghulam Ahmad. He remained headmaster of the \"Talim-ul-Islam High School\" in Qadian. He spent his whole life in the service of the cause of Ahmadiyyah. He accompanied Mirza Basheer-ud-Din Mahmood Ahmad, the second khalifa of the Ahmadiyyah sect on his journey to Europe in 1924, and participated in the Wembley’s Conference of Living Religions 1924. He was a profound scholar of religious sciences and the Arabic language. In the central Organization of the Community, Maulvi Sher Ali served as director of publications (\"Nazir Taleef\") at Qadian.", "He also published an exposition and rebuttal of the book \"Yana bi'ul Islam\" in his \"Review of Religions\". Death. His wife died on 12 July 1942 and Sher Ali died on 13 November 1947 at Lahore. He was buried at the Bahishti Maqbara (\"The Heavenly Graveyard\") at Rabwah. References. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "1st Prime Minister of Pakistan from 1947 to 1951\nLiaquat Ali Khan (1 October 1895 – 16 October 1951) was a Pakistani lawyer, politician and statesman who served as the first prime minister of Pakistan from 1947 until his assassination in 1951. He was as pivotal to the consolidation of Pakistan as the Quaid-i-Azam, Mohammad Ali Jinnah, was central to the creation of Pakistan. He was one of the leading figures of the Pakistan Movement and is revered as Quaid-e-Millat (\"Leader of the nation\") and later on as \"Shaheed e Millat\" (Martyr of the nation). Khan was born in Karnal, East Punjab into the Nawab family of the United Provinces and Punjab. He himself owned 300 villages, 60 in the Punjab and 240 in Muzaffarnagar, UP. Khan was educated at the Aligarh Muslim University and University of Oxford. After first being invited to the Indian National Congress, he later opted to join the All-India Muslim League led by Muhammad Ali Jinnah, an Indian independence activist who later advocated for a separate Muslim nation-state out of Hindu-majority India. Khan assisted Jinnah in the campaign for what would become known as the Pakistan Movement and was known as his 'right hand'. He was a democratic political theorist who promoted parliamentarism in British India. Khan's premiership oversaw the beginning of the Cold War, in which Khan's foreign policy sided with the United States-led Western Bloc over the Soviet Union-led Eastern Bloc." ], "support": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ] }	{ "mapped_id": "bf5d189b-95be-433d-a5d1-741c33f0538d", "doc_name": "Maulvi Liaquat Ali", "doc_chunk": "Maulvi Liaquat Ali (1817-1892) was a Muslim religious leader from Allahabad (Prayagraj), in the state of Uttar Pradesh in present-day India. He was one of the leaders in the revolt against the British in 1857, in what is now known as the Indian Rebellion of 1857. As one of the most prominent leaders, Maulvi Liaqat Ali belonged to Village Mahgaon in Pargana Chail of District Prayagraj. He was a religious teacher, an upright pious Muslim, and a man of great courage and valour. His family traced their descent from the Jafri branch of Hashmis which had their offshoots at Jaunpur and other places. He was a humble and simple man but when he took the reins of the freedom struggle, he became a dreadful enemy of the British. The Zamindars of Chail were his relatives and followers, and they supported Maulvi with their men and ammunition. Consequently, it was with great difficulty that the British regained control of the city of Allahabad after the Maulvi captured the Khusro Bagh and declared the independence of India Khusro Bagh became the headquarters of the sepoys under Maulvi Liaquat Ali who took charge as the Governor of liberated Allahabad. however, the Mutiny was swiftly put down and Khusro Bagh was retaken by the British in two weeks. He escaped from Allahabad with a few Friends and rebel sepoys after the British recaptured the city, but was caught after 14 years in September 1871 at Byculla railway station in Mumbai.", "support": 1 }
naturalqa	b57ca4b6-270a-43ee-94b7-15526c79c73b	who does victoria justice play in zoey 101	Victoria Justice	[ "Lola Martinez" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2662543	3	{ "mapped_id": [ "b57ca4b6-270a-43ee-94b7-15526c79c73b", "b57ca4b6-270a-43ee-94b7-15526c79c73b", "b57ca4b6-270a-43ee-94b7-15526c79c73b", "b57ca4b6-270a-43ee-94b7-15526c79c73b", "b57ca4b6-270a-43ee-94b7-15526c79c73b" ], "doc_name": [ "Victoria Justice", "Victoria Justice", "Victoria Justice", "Victoria Justice", "Victoria Justice" ], "doc_chunk": [ "American actress and singer (born 1993)\nVictoria Dawn Justice (born February 19, 1993) is an American actress and singer. She has received several accolades, including two Young Artist Awards, one Bravo Otto and nominations for three Imagen Awards, an NAACP Image Award, and three Kids' Choice Awards. Justice made her acting debut with a guest appearance on the comedy drama series \"Gilmore Girls\" (2003), and rose to fame on Nickelodeon, playing Lola Martinez on the comedy drama series \"Zoey 101\" (2005–2008), Tori Vega on the teen sitcom \"Victorious\" (2010–2013), and Jordan Sands in the television comedy horror film \"The Boy Who Cried Werewolf\" (2010). She subsequently appeared in the romantic comedy film \"The First Time\" (2012), the teen film \"Fun Size\" (2012), the comedy drama film \"Naomi and Ely's No Kiss List\" (2015), the teen comedy film \"The Outcasts\" (2017), the romance film \"Trust\" (2021), the comedy film \"Afterlife of the Party\" (2021), and the romantic comedy film \"A Perfect Pairing\" (2022), and also starred in the lead role of Lindy Sampson on the MTV thriller television series \"Eye Candy\" (2015). In music, Justice has recorded several songs for the soundtracks of her acting projects, including \"Victorious\" and the 2009 Nickelodeon musical \"Spectacular!\". Her debut single \"Gold\" was released in 2013.", "She took a seven-year hiatus from music, making her comeback with the track \"Treat Myself\", released in December 2020. Early life. Victoria Dawn Justice is the daughter of Serene Reed and Zack Justice. Her father is of English, German, and Irish descent; her mother, originally from the Bronx, New York, is of Puerto Rican ancestry. At the age of ten, Justice and her family moved to Los Angeles, settling in Hollywood, California, in 2003. While filming \"Victorious\", she attended Cleveland High School in Reseda, located in the San Fernando Valley of Los Angeles, before receiving her diploma through a home school program. Career. 2000s. In 2003, Justice began her acting career, making a guest appearance on the \"Gilmore Girls\" episode \"The Hobbit, the Sofa and Digger Stiles\". She portrayed Jill No. 2, a walk-on role. After her appearance in the series, her family ultimately moved to Los Angeles, and Justice began to pursue a career in acting more intently. The following year, she guest-starred on the second episode of the Disney Channel series \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\", in which she played a young pageant contestant named Rebecca. Later, she was cast as Stella, a young girl who begins seeing visions of Mary Magdalene, in Aaron Ruell's 2005 short film \"Mary\". In 2005, Justice was accepted into the musical theatre program at the Millikan Performing Arts Academy in Los Angeles.", "She also appeared in several advertisements for companies such as Ralph Lauren, Gap, Guess, Mervyn's, Peanut Butter Toast Crunch cereal, and Ovaltine. That same year, Justice landed a leading role in the Nickelodeon series \"Zoey 101\" as Lola Martinez, a new student who is also an aspiring actress. On landing the part, Justice said: \"I was extremely happy; I was bouncing up and down and screaming. That was a really great moment.\" Justice's character was introduced during the second season, on September 11, 2005. She also made a cameo appearance in the film \"When Do We Eat?\" (2005). She played the role of Rose in the Hallmark Channel film \"Silver Bells\", which became a Hallmark Hall of Fame film. In 2006, Justice made a guest appearance on an episode of \"Everwood\" in the episode \"Enjoy the Ride\". Also in 2006, she played the supporting role of Holly in the thriller film \"The Garden\". \"Zoey 101\" ended its run on May 2, 2008. In 2009, she announced plans to guest star on an episode of Nickelodeon's series \"The Naked Brothers Band\". The TV special, titled \"Valentine Dream Date\", featured Justice portraying herself. She did not record new music until 2009, when she starred in the Nickelodeon musical \"Spectacular! \", in which she performed three songs. The film aired on Nickelodeon on February 16, 2009. 2010s.", "After the success of \"The Naked Brothers Band\" special in which Justice guest starred, she appeared in another episode, \"The Premiere\", on April 11, 2009. She later appeared in episodes of \"iCarly\"; \"True Jackson, VP\"; \"The Troop\"; and \"BrainSurge\". Justice announced in 2009 that she would be working on a thriller film, set for theatrical release. Unlike initial plans of a theatrical release, the film had a limited preview release on December 12, 2009, and was returned to post-production. Ultimately the film's worldwide release was canceled. Justice confirmed that she would be starring in her own musical show on Nickelodeon called \"Victorious\", explaining the show's genesis thus: \"I was on \"Zoey 101\". When I was 12, Dan Schneider cast me as a new character, Lola Martinez. From there, I worked with him for three years, on three seasons of \"Zoey 101\". And, after that, Dan found out that I could also sing and dance as well as act, so he thought it would be really cool to create a show for me on Nickelodeon, called \"Victorious\".\" The pilot for the show debuted on March 27, 2010, and received 5.7million views, making it the second-highest rated premiere for a live-action Nickelodeon series. The original broadcast of this episode took place following the 2010 Kids' Choice Awards. Justice recorded several songs for the series throughout its run.", "Justice had the opportunity to share a recording set during the series' recordings, with different young artists who, like her, were in search of artistic possibilities. Justice later guest-starred on the animated series \"The Penguins of Madagascar\", voicing the character of Stacy in the episode \"Badger Pride\". Justice starred in the 2010 Nickelodeon television movie \"The Boy Who Cried Werewolf\", playing Jordan Sands, a girl who is transformed into a werewolf following her move to a creepy manor. The film averaged 5.8million viewers for the premiere. \"Victorious\" ended its run on February 2, 2013. Justice played the lead role Wren in the comedy \"Fun Size\", released on October 26, 2012. In a 2010 interview with the Associated Press, she stated that she was recording an album but planned to take her time with the process. In October 2012, she revealed she would release her debut album in 2013. For the Girl Up movement, which helps girls in developing countries, she released a promotional single, \"Girl Up\", co-written with Toby Gad, on February 16, 2013. Justice's debut single \"Gold\" was released on June 18, 2013. In August 2014, \"Billboard\" revealed that Justice had left Columbia Records but was recording new music to be released in 2015. In October 2013, it was announced that Justice had been cast as Lindy Sampson in MTV's \"Eye Candy\", a cyber thriller based on the novel by R. L. Stine. The series was canceled after one season." ], "support": [ 1, 0, 1, 1, 0 ] }	{ "mapped_id": "b57ca4b6-270a-43ee-94b7-15526c79c73b", "doc_name": "Victoria Justice", "doc_chunk": "American actress and singer (born 1993)\nVictoria Dawn Justice (born February 19, 1993) is an American actress and singer. She has received several accolades, including two Young Artist Awards, one Bravo Otto and nominations for three Imagen Awards, an NAACP Image Award, and three Kids' Choice Awards. Justice made her acting debut with a guest appearance on the comedy drama series \"Gilmore Girls\" (2003), and rose to fame on Nickelodeon, playing Lola Martinez on the comedy drama series \"Zoey 101\" (2005–2008), Tori Vega on the teen sitcom \"Victorious\" (2010–2013), and Jordan Sands in the television comedy horror film \"The Boy Who Cried Werewolf\" (2010). She subsequently appeared in the romantic comedy film \"The First Time\" (2012), the teen film \"Fun Size\" (2012), the comedy drama film \"Naomi and Ely's No Kiss List\" (2015), the teen comedy film \"The Outcasts\" (2017), the romance film \"Trust\" (2021), the comedy film \"Afterlife of the Party\" (2021), and the romantic comedy film \"A Perfect Pairing\" (2022), and also starred in the lead role of Lindy Sampson on the MTV thriller television series \"Eye Candy\" (2015). In music, Justice has recorded several songs for the soundtracks of her acting projects, including \"Victorious\" and the 2009 Nickelodeon musical \"Spectacular!\". Her debut single \"Gold\" was released in 2013.", "support": 1 }
naturalqa	0df93d33-2d5b-4276-873b-eb757ad32a85	who sings she only smokes when she drinks	She Only Smokes When She Drinks	[ "Joe Nichols" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=29761815	1	{ "mapped_id": [ "0df93d33-2d5b-4276-873b-eb757ad32a85", "0df93d33-2d5b-4276-873b-eb757ad32a85", "0df93d33-2d5b-4276-873b-eb757ad32a85", "0df93d33-2d5b-4276-873b-eb757ad32a85", "0df93d33-2d5b-4276-873b-eb757ad32a85" ], "doc_name": [ "She Only Smokes When She Drinks", "She-She-She Camps", "She-She-She Camps", "She-She-She Camps", "She-She-She Camps" ], "doc_chunk": [ "\"She Only Smokes When She Drinks\" is a song written by Connie Harrington, Tim Nichols, and Tony Martin and recorded by American country music singer Joe Nichols. It was released in April 2003 as the third single from his 2002 album \"Man with a Memory\". The song peaked at number 17 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) chart and also reached number 72 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. Content. The protagonist is a bartender. A young man asks him for advice, having been asked to light a cigarette by a woman he wishes to approach. The protagonist replies that the gesture means little because knowing the woman as a regular patron, she only comes to the bar to take her mind off men who have done her wrong. Critical reception. Deborah Evans Price of \"Billboard\" magazine reviewed the song favorably, saying Rowan's production is \"simple and understated, letting Nichols' smokey baritone paint the portrait of a 'complicated girl...who ain't that hard to figure out.\" Music video. The music video was directed by Morgan Lawley and premiered in early 2003. Chart performance. \"She Only Smokes When She Drinks\" debuted at number 58 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart for the week of May 3, 2003. References. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "U.S. New Deal-era camps for unemployed women\nThe She-She-She Camps were camps for unemployed women that were organized by Eleanor Roosevelt (ER) in the United States as a counterpart to the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) programs designed for unemployed men. ER found that the men-only focus of the CCC program left out young women who were willing to work in conservation and forestry and to sign up for the six-month programs living away from family and close support. She lobbied for a sister organization to the CCC that would be for young women. Eleanor Roosevelt proposed that this would consist of camps for jobless women and residential worker schools. The She-She-She camps were funded by presidential order in 1933. Labor Secretary Frances Perkins championed one such camp after ER held a White House Conference for Unemployed Women on April 30, 1934, and subsequently ER's concept of a nationwide jobless women's camp was achieved. While the public largely supported the New Deal programs and the CCC was a huge success, the women's version barely topped 5,000 women annually by 1936 and overall served 8,500 as a result of ER's support. This compares to more than 3 million men who participated in the CCC. Forestry and conservation. President Franklin Roosevelt valued the CCC because it was fueled both by his passion for rural life and the philosophy of William James. James deemed this sort of program the \"moral equivalent of war,\" channeling the passion for combat into productive service.", "Although administered by US Army officers, the camps were designed not to be militaristic since the Administration did not want any resemblance to the Hitler Youth of Germany. These tree armies kept the young male population occupied and engaged with conservation, fighting wildland fires, building dams and creating man-made lakes. Much of the state's parkland was improved even before the National Parks, but Eleanor Roosevelt asked, \"What about the women?\" Camp TERA. Criteria for participation in the women's camps were different from the CCC. Eleanor Roosevelt fought resistance from the administration, many of whom objected to sending America's unemployed women on what could be described as a government-sponsored vacation in the middle of a depression. ER was troubled by the plight of so many women, many of whom did not show up in the bread-lines but were relegated to living in subway tunnels and \"tramping\", foraging for subsistence outside urban areas. \"As a group women have been neglected in comparison with others,\" the First Lady said, \"and throughout this depression have had the hardest time of all.\" The number of women seeking jobs grew to two million by 1933. The feminist writer Meridel Le Sueur wrote that once out of work, women \"will go for weeks verging on starvation, crawling in some hole, going through the streets ashamed, sitting in libraries, parks, going for days without speaking to a living soul like some exiled beast\".", "Hilda Worthington Smith, New Deal education specialist, went to work for FDR with experience at this, having established the Bryn Mawr Summer School for Working Women in 1921. It took several months but, with promotion and work, the first camp got off the ground at Bear Mountain's Camp TERA (Temporary Emergency Relief Assistance), later called Camp Jane Addams. Marian Tinker was selected as its first director. She had gone to High School in Manchester, Massachusetts, before completing her studies at Arnold College in New Haven, Connecticut and the University of Pennsylvania in Harrisburg. As a social worker, she was experienced at working with young women in various organizations like the YWCA and Girl Scouts, as well as several schools. Camp TERA began on June 10, 1933, with 17 young women from New York. Currently Bear Mountain State Park in New York, the site had 12 camps for CCC enrollees in 1934. FDR visited camp sp-20 that year to review the corps. He spent time at the recreation center, mess hall, barracks and camp library, praising the more than 200 enrollees for their hard work. Before leaving, he visited the signature project, a dam across the outlet of the Pine Meadow Valley that created the first of many swimming lakes for tourists, a direct expression of FDR's regard for conservation and forestry. When ER first visited Camp TERA, she found only 30 girls at the 200-acre camp. Smith had planned for 20 girls to arrive twice a week until the capacity of 200 was met. However, massive red tape and confusion prevailed.", "ER appreciated the camp, but decided the requirements were too strict. She could not believe there were not enough women willing to accept the job and warned that the numbers had to increase or the idea might be abandoned. This put the State relief administration representative, Walter W. Petit, on the hot seat to explain why only 30 of the 700 women who had applied had been selected. Defending the \"thorough\" investigation needed some doing and while the program extended eligibility to age 40, blaming the \"rigorousness of the qualifications for eligibility\" did not absolve him of his part in delaying the project. Despite the delays, mail supporting Camp TERA poured in to the White House with offers of more properties for the camps and pleas from individuals to attend. Government officials promised support for more camps if Camp TERA succeeded. There were also questions and media attention about the nature of the camps. Some of the women thought that the camp was intended for them to work at reforestation using manual labor and accordingly expected to be given hard work with little to show for it. With the dollar per day given the male enrollees holding back $22–25 of the monthly $30 for family back home, the offer of work was enticing to those who did not want to pass up the chance of job and with glowing reports coming back from participants, the proponents of She-She-She renewed efforts in the fall of 1933 to expand the program. But in the 1930s many Americans objected to the use of public resources to support individuals, especially women. Many considered that the role of the woman was in the home." ], "support": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ] }	{ "mapped_id": "0df93d33-2d5b-4276-873b-eb757ad32a85", "doc_name": "She Only Smokes When She Drinks", "doc_chunk": "\"She Only Smokes When She Drinks\" is a song written by Connie Harrington, Tim Nichols, and Tony Martin and recorded by American country music singer Joe Nichols. It was released in April 2003 as the third single from his 2002 album \"Man with a Memory\". The song peaked at number 17 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) chart and also reached number 72 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. Content. The protagonist is a bartender. A young man asks him for advice, having been asked to light a cigarette by a woman he wishes to approach. The protagonist replies that the gesture means little because knowing the woman as a regular patron, she only comes to the bar to take her mind off men who have done her wrong. Critical reception. Deborah Evans Price of \"Billboard\" magazine reviewed the song favorably, saying Rowan's production is \"simple and understated, letting Nichols' smokey baritone paint the portrait of a 'complicated girl...who ain't that hard to figure out.\" Music video. The music video was directed by Morgan Lawley and premiered in early 2003. Chart performance. \"She Only Smokes When She Drinks\" debuted at number 58 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart for the week of May 3, 2003. References. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "support": 1 }
naturalqa	0de2bd9d-dc31-4ee3-acd7-2bcba6d95b54	what ship was used in the movie magnum force	USS Rabaul	[ "Rabaul" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=196052	1	{ "mapped_id": [ "0de2bd9d-dc31-4ee3-acd7-2bcba6d95b54", "0de2bd9d-dc31-4ee3-acd7-2bcba6d95b54", "0de2bd9d-dc31-4ee3-acd7-2bcba6d95b54", "0de2bd9d-dc31-4ee3-acd7-2bcba6d95b54", "0de2bd9d-dc31-4ee3-acd7-2bcba6d95b54" ], "doc_name": [ "USS Rabaul", "USS Rabaul", "USS Rabaul", "USS Rabaul", "Rabaul" ], "doc_chunk": [ "Commencement Bay-class escort carrier of the US Navy\nUSS \"Rabaul\" was a of the United States Navy. The \"Commencement Bay\" class were built during World War II, and were an improvement over the earlier , which were converted from oil tankers. They were capable of carrying an air group of 33 planes and were armed with an anti-aircraft battery of , , and guns. The ships were capable of a top speed of , and due to their origin as tankers, had extensive fuel storage. She was delivered on 30 August 1946, but never commissioned. After spending 26 years in reserve, she was scrapped in 1973. Design. In 1941, as United States participation in World War II became increasingly likely, the US Navy embarked on a construction program for escort carriers, which were converted from transport ships of various types. Many of the escort carrier types were converted from C3-type transports, but the s were instead rebuilt oil tankers. These proved to be very successful ships, and the , authorized for Fiscal Year 1944, were an improved version of the \"Sangamon\" design. The new ships were faster, had improved aviation facilities, and had better internal compartmentation. They proved to be the most successful of the escort carriers, and the only class to be retained in active service after the war, since they were large enough to operate newer aircraft. \"Rabaul\" was long overall, with a beam of at the waterline, which extended to at maximum.", "She displaced at full load, of which could be fuel oil (though some of her storage tanks were converted to permanently store seawater for ballast), and at full load she had a draft of . The ship's superstructure consisted of a small island. She had a complement of 1,066 officers and enlisted men. The ship was powered by two Allis-Chalmers geared steam turbines, each driving one screw propeller, using steam provided by four Combustion Engineering-manufactured water-tube boilers. The propulsion system was rated to produce a total of for a top speed of . Given the very large storage capacity for oil, the ships of the \"Commencement Bay\" class could steam for some at a speed of . Her defensive anti-aircraft armament consisted of two dual-purpose guns in single mounts, thirty-six Bofors guns, and twenty Oerlikon light AA cannons. The Bofors guns were placed in three quadruple and twelve twin mounts, while the Oerlikon guns were all mounted individually. She carried 33 planes, which could be launched from two aircraft catapults. Two elevators transferred aircraft from the hangar to the flight deck. History. The first fifteen ships of the \"Commencement Bay\" class were ordered on 23 January 1943, allocated to Fiscal Year 1944. The keel for \"Rabaul\" was laid down at the Todd Pacific Shipyards in Tacoma, Washington on 29 January 1945. She was named for the island of Rabaul in New Georgia, a major Japanese base during World War II, which was neutralized during a lengthy campaign in 1943 and 1944.", "The ship was launched on 14 June, and was delivered to the US Navy on 30 August, shortly after the end of the war. The ship was not commissioned, and was instead assigned to the Pacific Reserve Fleet, based in Tacoma. Ten of the \"Commencement Bay\"-class ships saw significant service postwar as anti-submarine warfare (ASW) carriers, but they were small and had difficulty operating the new Grumman AF Guardian patrol planes, so the rest of the class remained laid up, and they were soon replaced in the ASW role by much larger s. She was reclassified as a helicopter escort carrier, with the hull number CVHE-121, in June 1955. Three years later, in June 1958, she was moved to the San Diego Group of the Pacific Reserve Fleet. In May 1959, \"Rabaul\" was reclassified as an aircraft ferry, with the hull number AKV-121. In the mid-1960s, the US Army explored the concept of a Floating Aircraft Maintenance Facility (FAMF), and in September 1967, the Department of Defense selected \"Rabaul\" to be converted for FAMF II, but the project ultimately came to nothing. She remained part of the reserve fleet until she was struck from the Naval Vessel Register on 1 September 1971. The ship was eventually sold for scrap on 25 August 1972 to the Nicholai Joffe Corporation, based in Beverly Hills, California. Shortly before scrapping, she was used in the closing scenes of the 1973 movie \"Magnum Force\". Notes.", "<templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "Township in East New Britain, Papua New Guinea\nRabaul () is a township in the East New Britain province of Papua New Guinea, on the island of New Britain. It lies about 600 kilometres to the east of the island of New Guinea. Rabaul was the provincial capital and most important settlement in the province until it was destroyed in 1994 by falling ash from a volcanic eruption in its harbor. During the eruption, ash was sent thousands of metres into the air, and the subsequent rain of ash caused 80% of the buildings in Rabaul to collapse. After the eruption the capital was moved to Kokopo, about away. Rabaul is continually threatened by volcanic activity, because it is on the edge of the Rabaul caldera, a flooded caldera of a large pyroclastic shield. Rabaul was planned and built around the harbour area known as Simpsonhafen (Simpson Harbour) during the German New Guinea administration, which controlled the region from 1884 and formally through 1919. Rabaul was selected as the capital of the German New Guinea administration in 1905, and the administrative offices were transferred there in 1910. Rabaul was captured by the British Empire during the early days of World War I. It became the capital of the Australian-mandated Territory of New Guinea until 1937, when it was first destroyed by a volcano. During World War II, it was captured by Japan in 1942 and became its main base of military and naval activity in the South Pacific." ], "support": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ] }	{ "mapped_id": "0de2bd9d-dc31-4ee3-acd7-2bcba6d95b54", "doc_name": "USS Rabaul", "doc_chunk": "The ship was launched on 14 June, and was delivered to the US Navy on 30 August, shortly after the end of the war. The ship was not commissioned, and was instead assigned to the Pacific Reserve Fleet, based in Tacoma. Ten of the \"Commencement Bay\"-class ships saw significant service postwar as anti-submarine warfare (ASW) carriers, but they were small and had difficulty operating the new Grumman AF Guardian patrol planes, so the rest of the class remained laid up, and they were soon replaced in the ASW role by much larger s. She was reclassified as a helicopter escort carrier, with the hull number CVHE-121, in June 1955. Three years later, in June 1958, she was moved to the San Diego Group of the Pacific Reserve Fleet. In May 1959, \"Rabaul\" was reclassified as an aircraft ferry, with the hull number AKV-121. In the mid-1960s, the US Army explored the concept of a Floating Aircraft Maintenance Facility (FAMF), and in September 1967, the Department of Defense selected \"Rabaul\" to be converted for FAMF II, but the project ultimately came to nothing. She remained part of the reserve fleet until she was struck from the Naval Vessel Register on 1 September 1971. The ship was eventually sold for scrap on 25 August 1972 to the Nicholai Joffe Corporation, based in Beverly Hills, California. Shortly before scrapping, she was used in the closing scenes of the 1973 movie \"Magnum Force\". Notes.", "support": 1 }
naturalqa	4caee934-f0dd-484a-b409-acd446e81cdb	who is principal secretary to prime minister of india	Nripendra Misra	[ "Nripendra Misra" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42866473	2	{ "mapped_id": [ "4caee934-f0dd-484a-b409-acd446e81cdb", "4caee934-f0dd-484a-b409-acd446e81cdb", "4caee934-f0dd-484a-b409-acd446e81cdb", "4caee934-f0dd-484a-b409-acd446e81cdb", "4caee934-f0dd-484a-b409-acd446e81cdb" ], "doc_name": [ "Nripendra Misra", "Nripendra Misra", "Nripendra Misra", "Nripendra Misra", "Nripendra" ], "doc_chunk": [ "Indian civil servant\nNripendra Misra (born 8March 1945) is an Indian bureaucrat and civil servant. An Indian Administrative Service (IAS) officer of the 1967 batch from the Uttar Pradesh cadre, he served as the Principal Secretary to the Prime Minister of India, Narendra Modi from 2014 to 2019. He earlier served as the chairperson of the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India, as the Telecom Secretary of India and the Fertilizers Secretary of India. He was awarded India's third highest civilian award the Padma Bhushan in 2021. His son Saket Misra is a nominated Member of Legislative Council in Government of Uttar Pradesh since April 2023. Education. Misra has an MPA in public administration from John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University, and has a postgraduate degrees in chemistry and political science and public administration from the University of Allahabad. Career. As an IAS officer.", "Misra served in various positions for both the Government of India and the Government of Uttar Pradesh as an IAS officer, he served in positions such as Principal Secretary (Home-II), Principal Secretary to Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh, member of the Uttar Pradesh Board of Revenue, chairperson and chief executive officer of Greater NOIDA, secretary in the now-erstwhile Department of Institutional Finance, Taxation and Excise and as a special secretary in the Department of Finance in the Uttar Pradesh government; and as Union Telecom Secretary and chairperson of Telecom Commission, Union Fertilizers Secretary, additional secretary looking after World Trade Organization affairs in the Ministry of Commerce, and as a joint secretary in Department of Economic Affairs of the Ministry of Finance in the Indian government. Misra also served as Minister (Economic) in India's embassy to the United States in Washington, D.C. from August 1985 to July 1988. Misra further served as a consultant to the World Bank, the Asian Development Bank, the International Fund for Agricultural Development and the Government of Nepal. Fertilizers Secretary of India. Misra was appointed as the Fertilizers Secretary of India by the Appointments Committee of the Cabinet (ACC) in January 2002; Misra assumed the office of secretary in January 2002 and demitted it in January 2004, serving for approximately two years. Telecom Secretary of India. Misra was appointed as the Telecom Secretary of and chairperson of Telecom Commission by the Appointments Committee of the Cabinet (ACC) in January 2004; Misra assumed the office of secretary in January 2004 and retired from service in March 2005, serving for more than a year.", "Post-retirement. Chairperson of Telecom Regulatory Authority of India. After his retirement from the Indian Administrative Service, Misra was appointed as the chairperson of the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) in March 2006, succeeding another retired IAS officer, Pradip Baijal, Misra demitted the office of chairperson of TRAI in March 2009, serving as the regulator's head for threeyears and was succeeded by J. S. Varma, another IAS officer and former Telecom Secretary in May 2009. He resigned as member of the Board of Directors of Usha Martin Limited on May 26, 2014 upon being invited to join the PMO under the newly formed Modi government. He is also a former member of the Executive Council at the Vivekananda International Foundation. Principal Secretary to the Prime Minister of India. In May 2014, newly elected prime minister, Narendra Modi, appointed Misra as his principal secretary, through the Appointments Committee of the Cabinet (ACC) and was given the rank and status of Cabinet Minister, the Government of India. To confirm Misra's appointment, the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India Act, 1997 had to be amended, first by a temporary ordinance, and then by an Act, as one of its provisions barred a former TRAI chairperson from holding any office in the Government of India or any state or union territorial government. During his tenure as principal secretary, Misra has been considered to be one of the most powerful bureaucrats in India. On June 11, 2019, Misra was re-appointed as Principal Secretary to Prime Minister Narendra Modi.", "The Appointments Committee of the Cabinet approved his appointment along with re-appointment of Additional Principal Secretary Pramod Kumar Misra with effect from May 31, 2019. These appointments were designated to be co-terminous with the term of the Prime Minister. On 30 August, Misra quit his position as principal secretary at the PMO, though he confirmed he would continue for a couple of weeks at the request of the Prime Minister. Chairperson of NMML. Post his resignation as principal secretary, Mishra was appointed the chairperson of the executive council of the Nehru Memorial Museum and Library in January 2020. Chairman of Shri Ram Janmabhoomi Teerth Kshetra. Nripendra Misra was elected as the chairman of the temple construction committee of the Shri Ram Janmabhoomi Teerth Kshetra Trust in February 2020. The move was seen as part of government strategy to keep a close engagement with the ambitious Ram Mandir project. References. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "Nripendra may refer to\nTopics referred to by the same term\n<templatestyles src=\"Dmbox/styles.css\" />\n This page lists associated with the title ." ], "support": [ 1, 0, 1, 0, 0 ] }	{ "mapped_id": "4caee934-f0dd-484a-b409-acd446e81cdb", "doc_name": "Nripendra Misra", "doc_chunk": "Indian civil servant\nNripendra Misra (born 8March 1945) is an Indian bureaucrat and civil servant. An Indian Administrative Service (IAS) officer of the 1967 batch from the Uttar Pradesh cadre, he served as the Principal Secretary to the Prime Minister of India, Narendra Modi from 2014 to 2019. He earlier served as the chairperson of the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India, as the Telecom Secretary of India and the Fertilizers Secretary of India. He was awarded India's third highest civilian award the Padma Bhushan in 2021. His son Saket Misra is a nominated Member of Legislative Council in Government of Uttar Pradesh since April 2023. Education. Misra has an MPA in public administration from John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University, and has a postgraduate degrees in chemistry and political science and public administration from the University of Allahabad. Career. As an IAS officer.", "support": 1 }
naturalqa	073c2a08-384e-42af-bd54-94427eeefb85	how many embassies are there in washington dc	List of diplomatic missions in Washington, D.C.	[ "177" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1704676	1	{ "mapped_id": [ "073c2a08-384e-42af-bd54-94427eeefb85", "073c2a08-384e-42af-bd54-94427eeefb85", "073c2a08-384e-42af-bd54-94427eeefb85", "073c2a08-384e-42af-bd54-94427eeefb85", "073c2a08-384e-42af-bd54-94427eeefb85" ], "doc_name": [ "List of diplomatic missions in Washington, D.C.", "List of diplomatic missions in Australia", "List of diplomatic missions in Australia", "List of diplomatic missions in Atlanta", "List of diplomatic missions in Niue" ], "doc_chunk": [ "This is a list of the 177 resident embassies in Washington, D.C. For other diplomatic missions in the United States, see List of diplomatic missions in the United States. The embassy of Iran closed in 1979. It was located at 3005 Massachusetts Avenue NW in Embassy Row. The building continues to be owned by the government of Iran but is maintained by the US Department of State while the Iranian interests section is located in the Pakistani Embassy. References. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "Consulates were operating in Australian cities long before the Commonwealth of Australia was founded in 1901. The United States opened a consulate in Sydney in 1836, with other countries later following including Switzerland (1855), Germany (1879) and Japan (1896, in Townsville). The diplomatic corps was first established in Canberra in 1936 when the United Kingdom appointed its first High Commissioner to Australia. Canada appointed a representative in 1939 and the United States of America established a legation in 1940. This was followed in early 1941 by Japan only for the legation to be closed in December 1941 with the entry of Japan into World War II. The period 1941-1945 saw additional legations opened by wartime allies China, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, France and the Netherlands and the appointment of High Commissioners by New Zealand and India. In 1946, Australia and the United States upgraded their diplomatic relations to ambassadorial level and exchanged ambassadors in September of that year. This was followed for the other non-Commonwealth permanent members of the UN Security Council, France, China and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics in 1948 and by the late 1960s all existing legations in Canberra had been upgraded to embassies. Initially residences and chanceries were in the Canberra suburbs of Red Hill and Forrest. The majority of missions are today in the lakeside suburb of Yarralumla or the suburb of O'Malley in the Woden Valley. Many countries have built their chanceries in distinctive architectural styles reflecting national traditions or aspirations. Some countries have chosen not to establish an embassy in Canberra but instead operate a consulate in a major city, such as Melbourne.", "As of 2024, Canberra hosts 113 embassies/high commissions. Consular missions. New South Wales. List of diplomatic missions in New South Wales as of 2023 (Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade)\nNorthern Territory. List of diplomatic missions in the Northern Territory as of 2023 (Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade)\nQueensland. List of diplomatic missions in Queensland as of 2023 (Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade)\nSouth Australia. List of diplomatic missions in South Australia as of 2023 (Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade)\nVictoria. List of diplomatic missions in Victoria as of 2023 (Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade)\nWestern Australia. List of diplomatic missions in Western Australia as of 2023 (Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade)\nNon-resident embassies and high commissions. Resident in Tokyo unless otherwise listed\n<templatestyles src=\"Div col/styles.css\"/>\nReferences. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "This is a list of diplomatic missions in Atlanta. Atlanta is home to 26 diplomatic missions, the seventh-highest concentration of diplomatic missions in the U.S. The following are countries which have established a resident consular presence in Atlanta. For other diplomatic missions in the United States, see list of diplomatic missions in the United States. Consulates. Source:\nReferences. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "This is a list of diplomatic missions in Niue, a small Pacific island country in Oceania. Although Niue is an associated state of New Zealand, it maintains diplomatic relations with states. At present, the capital of Alofi hosts two missions. Additionally there are embassies accredited to Niue and residing outside the country. Notes. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />\nReferences. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />" ], "support": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ] }	{ "mapped_id": "073c2a08-384e-42af-bd54-94427eeefb85", "doc_name": "List of diplomatic missions in Washington, D.C.", "doc_chunk": "This is a list of the 177 resident embassies in Washington, D.C. For other diplomatic missions in the United States, see List of diplomatic missions in the United States. The embassy of Iran closed in 1979. It was located at 3005 Massachusetts Avenue NW in Embassy Row. The building continues to be owned by the government of Iran but is maintained by the US Department of State while the Iranian interests section is located in the Pakistani Embassy. References. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "support": 1 }
naturalqa	b3280207-812a-4dab-83ae-8bcfc4b1b3d9	when did from the d to the a release	Tee Grizzley	[ "March 2017" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=53162482	1	{ "mapped_id": [ "b3280207-812a-4dab-83ae-8bcfc4b1b3d9", "b3280207-812a-4dab-83ae-8bcfc4b1b3d9", "b3280207-812a-4dab-83ae-8bcfc4b1b3d9", "b3280207-812a-4dab-83ae-8bcfc4b1b3d9", "b3280207-812a-4dab-83ae-8bcfc4b1b3d9" ], "doc_name": [ "Tee Grizzley", "Tee Grizzley", "Tee Grizzley", "Tee Grizzley", "Tee Grizzley" ], "doc_chunk": [ "American rapper (born 1994)\nTerry Sanchez Wallace Jr. (born March 23, 1994), known professionally as Tee Grizzley, is an American rapper. He first began posting music online in 2011; following a two year prison sentence, he released the song \"First Day Out\" in 2017. It quickly gained viral status—earning two million views on YouTube in under three weeks—due to a social media challenge enacted by basketball player LeBron James, after which the song peaked within the top 50 of the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and led him to sign with 300 Entertainment. Its release preceded his debut mixtape \"My Moment\" (2017), and was followed by the single \"From the D to the A\" (featuring Lil Yachty), which received double platinum certification by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). His collaborative mixtape with Lil Durk, \"Bloodas\" (2018), was followed by his debut studio album, \"Activated\" (2018). The album peaked at number ten on the \"Billboard\" 200, while his second and third albums, the Timbaland-produced \"Scriptures\" (2019) and \"Built for Whatever\" (2021), peaked at numbers 20 and 15, respectively. His fourth album, \"Tee's Coney Island\" (2023) marked a period of commercial resurgence as its lead single, \"IDGAF\" (featuring Chris Brown and Mariah the Scientist) entered the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 once more. Early life.", "Wallace was born on March 23, 1994, in Detroit, Michigan, and was raised by his grandmother near the intersection of Joy Rd. & Southfield Freeway in the Warrendale neighborhood due to his mother and father constantly being in and out of prison. In middle school he began developing an interest in rap music and eventually formed the musical group All Stars Ball Hard along with three of his friends, JR, Po, and Lee. Wallace took the moniker of ASBH Tee, and they began uploading their songs to YouTube. In 2011, his mother was sentenced to 20 years in prison for drug trafficking and released in late 2020. His father was murdered in 2012. Wallace was the first member of his family to attend college in generations. He attended Michigan State University to study finance and accounting. After undergoing financial difficulties, he and a friend of his began to burglarize other students' dormitories. They stole $20,000 worth of electronics and money from other students in February 2014. On February 27, Wallace and Jeremy Ford were caught but released pending investigation. Wallace went on the run, and fled to Kentucky. On July 1, 2014, Wallace was one of three people arrested following an attempted robbery at a jewelry store in Lexington, Kentucky. Wallace was sentenced to nine months for the robbery, and, while already serving that sentence, he was sentenced to 18 months to 15 years for the Michigan State robberies in September 2015. On October 16, 2016, he was released from prison in Michigan. Career. 2016–2019: Debut singles, \"My Moment\", \"Activated\", and collaborations.", "While in prison, Wallace began to take rapping more seriously and wrote the entirety of his debut mixtape. After being released from prison, where he took the name Tee Grizzley, he released his debut single \"First Day Out\" in November 2016. The music video, posted to YouTube, gained over 2 million views in less than three weeks. He later signed to 300 Entertainment & Atlantic Records in 2017. He released his second single, \"Second Day Out\", in February 2017. His third single \"From the D to the A\" featuring Lil Yachty was released in March 2017. He released \"No Effort\" and its accompanying music video on March 31, 2017. His debut mixtape \"My Moment\" was released on April 7, 2017. Grizzley said that his record sales tripled after his song was featured in a LeBron James Instagram post. Grizzley's song \"Teetroit\" was released on July 28, 2017. The single \"Beef\", featuring Meek Mill, was released on September 1, 2017. He received two 2017 BET Hip Hop Award nominations for Best New Hip-Hop Artist and Best Mixtape for \"My Moment\". He released the song \"Win\" on October 6, 2017. He released the song \"What Yo City Like\" with rapper Lil Durk on November 30, 2017, as the lead single for \"Bloodas\". The two then released the joint mixtape \"Bloodas\" on December 8, 2017. He released the single \"Colors\" on February 2, 2018.", "The single \"Don't Even Trip\" featuring Moneybagg Yo was released on March 14, 2018. On March 9, 2018, Grizzley had a feature in Lil Yachty's new album Lil Boat 2 in the song \"Get Money Bros.\". His debut studio album, \"Activated\", was released on May 11, 2018. In August, he received a 2018 MTV Video Music Award nomination for Push Artist of the Year. He released the mixtape \"Still My Moment\" on November 9, 2018. In May 2019, he released the single \"Locked Up\". On August 20, 2019, his vehicle was shot at in Detroit, Michigan. His aunt/manager Jobina Brown was killed in the shooting, she was 41. He and the driver survived the incident unharmed. On September 20, 2019, Grizzley released his single \"Satish\" accompanied with a music video to commemorate Brown's death. 2020–present: \"The Smartest\", \"Built for Whatever\" and \"Half Tee Half Beast\". In January 2020, Tee Grizzley released the single \"Red Light\". In March, he released the single \"Payroll\" featuring Payroll Giovanni. His song \"No Talkin\" was featured in the Netflix film \"Coffee & Kareem\". He released the song \"I Spy\" on May 1, and \"Mr. Officer\" on June 5 in response to the murder of George Floyd and police brutality. The song features Queen Naija and members of the Detroit Youth Choir. He released the mixtape \"The Smartest\" on June 19.", "On May 7, 2021, Tee Grizzley released his third studio album, \"Built for Whatever\", a 19-track record that includes guest appearances from artists such as the late King Von and Young Dolph, as well as Lil Durk, YNW Melly, Quavo, G Herbo, and Big Sean. On April 15, 2022, Tee Grizzley released the mixtape \"Half Tee Half Beast\", along with a video for the track \"Robbery Part 3\". He explained the mixtape's title: \"Yeah, I\"m human like everyone else, but also the things I've been through and had to survive made me a beast\". Personal life. In February 2021, My'Eisha Agnew gave birth to Wallace's first child, a son named Terry Wallace III. Grizzley is an avid gamer and began streaming in 2020 to fans on the video streaming platform Twitch. The vast majority of his streams are centered around \"Grand Theft Auto V\". Notes. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />\nReferences. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />" ], "support": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ] }	{ "mapped_id": "b3280207-812a-4dab-83ae-8bcfc4b1b3d9", "doc_name": "Tee Grizzley", "doc_chunk": "While in prison, Wallace began to take rapping more seriously and wrote the entirety of his debut mixtape. After being released from prison, where he took the name Tee Grizzley, he released his debut single \"First Day Out\" in November 2016. The music video, posted to YouTube, gained over 2 million views in less than three weeks. He later signed to 300 Entertainment & Atlantic Records in 2017. He released his second single, \"Second Day Out\", in February 2017. His third single \"From the D to the A\" featuring Lil Yachty was released in March 2017. He released \"No Effort\" and its accompanying music video on March 31, 2017. His debut mixtape \"My Moment\" was released on April 7, 2017. Grizzley said that his record sales tripled after his song was featured in a LeBron James Instagram post. Grizzley's song \"Teetroit\" was released on July 28, 2017. The single \"Beef\", featuring Meek Mill, was released on September 1, 2017. He received two 2017 BET Hip Hop Award nominations for Best New Hip-Hop Artist and Best Mixtape for \"My Moment\". He released the song \"Win\" on October 6, 2017. He released the song \"What Yo City Like\" with rapper Lil Durk on November 30, 2017, as the lead single for \"Bloodas\". The two then released the joint mixtape \"Bloodas\" on December 8, 2017. He released the single \"Colors\" on February 2, 2018.", "support": 1 }
naturalqa	d831815b-772d-4089-a583-a1a5b50e7611	where does the last name atkinson come from	Atkinson (surname)	[ "Middle English" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4411826	1	{ "mapped_id": [ "d831815b-772d-4089-a583-a1a5b50e7611", "d831815b-772d-4089-a583-a1a5b50e7611", "d831815b-772d-4089-a583-a1a5b50e7611", "d831815b-772d-4089-a583-a1a5b50e7611", "d831815b-772d-4089-a583-a1a5b50e7611" ], "doc_name": [ "Atkinson (surname)", "Atkinson", "John Atkinson, Baron Atkinson", "John Atkinson, Baron Atkinson", "John Atkinson, Baron Atkinson" ], "doc_chunk": [ "Atkinson is an English-language surname. The name is derived from a patronymic form of the Middle English \"Atkin\". The personal name \"Atkin\" is one of many pet forms of the name \"Adam\". The name corresponds to the Scottish name Aitchison. The name Atkinson is particularly common in Northern England. At the time of the British Census of 1881, its relative frequency was highest in Westmorland (19.8 times the British average), followed by Cumberland, County Durham, Northumberland, Yorkshire, Lincolnshire, Lancashire, Cheshire and Rutland. In Ireland the name is common only in Ulster and particularly in counties Antrim and Down. Some Atkinsons are descended from Planters, although the name was recorded in Ireland before that period. Acheson is a variation of the name in Scotland and the Border region, having been originally spelt \"Atzinson\" (with the 'z' being pronounced as 'y', as in \"yet\"). People with the surname. <templatestyles src=\"Hlist/styles.css\"/>\nReferences. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />\n<templatestyles src=\"Dmbox/styles.css\" />\n Surname listThis page lists people with the surname Atkinson.", "Atkinson may refer to:\n<templatestyles src=\"Template:TOC_right/styles.css\" />\nSee also. Topics referred to by the same term\n<templatestyles src=\"Dmbox/styles.css\" />\n This page lists associated with the title .", "Irish politician\nJohn Atkinson, Baron Atkinson, (13 December 1844 – 13 March 1932) was an Irish politician and judge. He was a Lord of Appeal in Ordinary from 1905 to 1928. Early life and career. Atkinson was born at Drogheda, County Louth, the eldest son of Edward Atkinson, a physician, of Glenwilliam Castle, County Limerick and Skea House, Enniskillen, County Fermanagh, and his wife Rosetta. He was educated at the Belfast Academy and later at Queen's College Galway, which he attended from 1858 to 1865. He won Junior Scholarships in the Science Division of the Faculty of Arts, 1858–9, 1859–60 and 1860–1. He was awarded the B.A. degree in mathematics with first-class honours in 1861, and pursued a varied postgraduate career – from initial study of the sciences (with Senior Scholarships in Mathematics, 1861–2, and Natural Philosophy, 1862–3) he moved into Law, gaining a first-class Diploma in Elementary Law in 1864. A further Senior Scholarship, this time in Law, followed, and he graduated with a first-class LL.B. in 1865. Throughout his university career, he was noted as an orator of distinction, and served as Auditor of the college's Literary and Debating Society for the 1862–63 session. Atkinson was called to the Irish Bar in 1865 and appointed a Queen's Counsel in 1880 at the early age of 35. He practised as a QC on the Munster Circuit. He was elected a Bencher of the King's Inns in June 1885.", "In 1890, he was called to the English Bar by the Inner Temple, and was elected a Bencher there in 1906. Atkinson represented the Times Newspaper before the Parnell Commission in 1888. Political life. Atkinson was politically active throughout his career at the Bar, and in 1889 was appointed Solicitor-General for Ireland. He became Attorney-General for Ireland in 1892, and later that year was appointed a Privy Councillor. In January 1893, having left the office of Attorney-General, he called a motion at a Unionist meeting in County Fermanagh declaring renewed opposition to Home Rule. At a meeting in March of that year (1893) at Leinster Hall Atkinson declared that a breach in the Union between the United Kingdom and Ireland would mean an end to civil and religious liberty. In December 1893 he was selected to represent the Unionist Party in North Londonderry. His candidature was endorsed by Arthur Balfour, then leader of the House of Commons, with the words –\"it is important that the loyalists of Ulster be represented by eloquent and able men\". Atkinson was elected a Conservative M.P. for North Londonderry in 1895; upon his election, he was again appointed Attorney-General, an office he held for the next ten years. During this time, he was closely involved in the framing of many significant pieces of legislation, including the Irish Land Act, 1896, and the Local Government Act, 1898. Appointed as a law lord.", "On 19 December 1905, he was appointed to the House of Lords as a Lord of Appeal in Ordinary and life peer under the title Baron Atkinson, \"of Glenwilliam in the County of Limerick\", the first Irish barrister to be appointed as a Law Lord directly from his practice at the bar – Judges John Fitzgerald and Michael Morris had served on the Irish Bench for many years before their respective appointments. For the title of his life peerage, he chose Glenwilliam, after Glenwilliam Castle in County Limerick, the home of his father. Atkinson's appointment, however, was not met with universal approval by his profession. As a former member of the cabinet he was seen as a political judge, however his industry and keen sense of justice came to be seen as a valuable addition to the bench. On his appointment as a Law Lord, he withdrew from active politics, limiting his contributions on political matters in the House of Lords to the discussion of Irish matters, such as the Irish Land Bill in 1909, to which he tabled several amendments. Atkinson retired as a judge in 1928, and died at his home at 39 Hyde Park Gate, London on 13 March 1932. A portrait by John St Helier Lander hangs in the Bar Room of King's Inns, Dublin. References. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />" ], "support": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ] }	{ "mapped_id": "d831815b-772d-4089-a583-a1a5b50e7611", "doc_name": "Atkinson (surname)", "doc_chunk": "Atkinson is an English-language surname. The name is derived from a patronymic form of the Middle English \"Atkin\". The personal name \"Atkin\" is one of many pet forms of the name \"Adam\". The name corresponds to the Scottish name Aitchison. The name Atkinson is particularly common in Northern England. At the time of the British Census of 1881, its relative frequency was highest in Westmorland (19.8 times the British average), followed by Cumberland, County Durham, Northumberland, Yorkshire, Lincolnshire, Lancashire, Cheshire and Rutland. In Ireland the name is common only in Ulster and particularly in counties Antrim and Down. Some Atkinsons are descended from Planters, although the name was recorded in Ireland before that period. Acheson is a variation of the name in Scotland and the Border region, having been originally spelt \"Atzinson\" (with the 'z' being pronounced as 'y', as in \"yet\"). People with the surname. <templatestyles src=\"Hlist/styles.css\"/>\nReferences. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />\n<templatestyles src=\"Dmbox/styles.css\" />\n Surname listThis page lists people with the surname Atkinson.", "support": 1 }
naturalqa	6348ef45-6a87-4ea9-a637-644daba3a33c	where is the 2017 mountain west championship game played	2017 Mountain West Conference Football Championship Game	[ "at Albertsons Stadium in Boise, Idaho" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=53812015	1	{ "mapped_id": [ "6348ef45-6a87-4ea9-a637-644daba3a33c", "6348ef45-6a87-4ea9-a637-644daba3a33c", "6348ef45-6a87-4ea9-a637-644daba3a33c", "6348ef45-6a87-4ea9-a637-644daba3a33c", "6348ef45-6a87-4ea9-a637-644daba3a33c" ], "doc_name": [ "2017 Mountain West Conference Football Championship Game", "2017 Mountain West Conference Football Championship Game", "Mountain West Conference Football Championship Game", "Mountain West Conference Football Championship Game", "2013 Mountain West Conference Football Championship Game" ], "doc_chunk": [ "College football game\n<templatestyles src=\"Standings table start/styles.css\" />\nThe 2017 Mountain West Conference Championship Game was played on Saturday, December 2, 2017 at Albertsons Stadium in Boise, Idaho, to determine the 2017 football champion of the Mountain West Conference (MW). The game featured the MW West Division champion Fresno State Bulldogs visiting the Mountain Division champion Boise State Broncos. It was broadcast nationally by ESPN for the third consecutive year. The championship game is hosted by the participant with the best record in MW play. If the teams have the same conference record, as was the case in 2017, a tiebreaker system is used. Even though the two teams played a conference game on November 25, with Fresno State winning, the MW does not use head-to-head results as its first tiebreaker in such a situation. The first tiebreaker of College Football Playoff ranking could not be used because Boise State lost their final regular season game (coincidentally, to Fresno State) to fall out of the CFP rankings. Fresno State was ranked in the final CFP poll and would have been the host, but the CFP poll did not come out until Tuesday evening and a host selection was needed prior to its release for logistical reasons. The second tiebreaker of a composite of computer rankings was used, with Boise State receiving hosting rights. The 2017 championship game was the fifth edition of the event. In the 2016 championship game, San Diego State defeated Wyoming 27–24. Teams. Fresno State.", "The Bulldogs far exceeded expectations in 2017, after finishing 1–11 with a 0–8 conference record in 2016. They finished the regular season at 9–3, with a conference record of 7–1, to finish as champions of the MW West Division. They defeated Boise State in their regular season matchup just one week before the championship game, 28–17. Boise State. Boise State finished with a 9–3 overall record, with a 7–1 conference record, with their only conference loss coming to Fresno State in the final week of the regular season, whom they face again in the championship game. With just one conference loss, they won the MW Mountain Division by two games. Game summary. Scoring summary. Source: \nReferences. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "College football championship game\nThe Mountain West Conference Football Championship Game is an annual postseason college football game played to determine the champion of the Mountain West Conference (MW). History. From 1999 to 2012, the champion of the Mountain West was determined by regular season record. Beginning in 2013, following the expansion to twelve members and the division of the conference into Mountain and West Divisions, the conference championship game is held between the two division winners. The Mountain West is one of four conferences to have its championship game at a campus site, along with the American Athletic Conference, Conference USA, and the Sun Belt Conference. The most recent 2022 championship game was the last to feature division winners. On May 20, 2022, the MW announced that it would eliminate its football divisions effective with the 2023 season, instead sending the top two teams in the conference standings to the title game. Two days earlier, the NCAA Division I Council had approved a rule change that gave all FBS conferences full freedom to determine the participants in their football championship games. The inaugural MW Championship Game was played on December 7, 2013, at Fresno State's Bulldog Stadium and televised by CBS. The Mountain West Conference champion customarily receives a berth to play in the Las Vegas Bowl. However, if the MW champion finishes ranked ahead of the champions from the other \"Group of Five\" mid-major conferences (American Athletic Conference, Conference USA, MAC, and Sun Belt) by the selection committee of the College Football Playoff, it is guaranteed a berth in one of the non-semifinal \"New Year's Six\" bowls.", "If ranked in the top twelve, the conference champion will play in the national championship playoff. Members. Membership reflects changes that took effect with the 2013 season. Past champions. Mountain West Conference Championship Game (2013–present). Below are the results from all Mountain West Conference Football Championship Games played. The winning team appears in bold font, on a background of their primary team color. Rankings are from the AP Poll released prior to the game. † Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the 2020 game was played behind closed doors without fans. Results by team. Source:\nReferences. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "College football game\n<templatestyles src=\"Standings table start/styles.css\" />\nThe 2013 Mountain West Conference Football Championship Game determined the 2013 football champion of the Mountain West Conference (MW). The game, played at Bulldog Stadium on the campus of California State University, Fresno (Fresno State), was the first football conference championship game for the Mountain West Conference. The game featured the West Division champions Fresno State Bulldogs hosting the Mountain Division champions Utah State Aggies. Fresno State won 24–17 and represented the Mountain West in the 2013 Las Vegas Bowl on December 21 in Las Vegas, Nevada after defeating Utah State by 7 points. History. After the 2013 Mountain West Conference realignment, the league added two new members, San Jose State and Utah State for the 2013 season. By adding two new members for a total of 12 football members (11 all-sports members and football-only Hawaii), the MW was able to split into two divisions, the Mountain and the West, and to organize an annual conference championship game. Teams. Mountain Division Champions. Utah State comes into the championship with a non–conference record of 1–3 after losing to former Mountain West member Utah, USC and BYU, while beating Weber State. Utah State was first in the Mountain Division standings with a conference record of 2–0 until losing to Boise State. Utah State then fell to third behind Wyoming and Boise State. Wyoming then lost to Colorado State which moved Boise State to first and Utah State to second in the standings." ], "support": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ] }	{ "mapped_id": "6348ef45-6a87-4ea9-a637-644daba3a33c", "doc_name": "2017 Mountain West Conference Football Championship Game", "doc_chunk": "College football game\n<templatestyles src=\"Standings table start/styles.css\" />\nThe 2017 Mountain West Conference Championship Game was played on Saturday, December 2, 2017 at Albertsons Stadium in Boise, Idaho, to determine the 2017 football champion of the Mountain West Conference (MW). The game featured the MW West Division champion Fresno State Bulldogs visiting the Mountain Division champion Boise State Broncos. It was broadcast nationally by ESPN for the third consecutive year. The championship game is hosted by the participant with the best record in MW play. If the teams have the same conference record, as was the case in 2017, a tiebreaker system is used. Even though the two teams played a conference game on November 25, with Fresno State winning, the MW does not use head-to-head results as its first tiebreaker in such a situation. The first tiebreaker of College Football Playoff ranking could not be used because Boise State lost their final regular season game (coincidentally, to Fresno State) to fall out of the CFP rankings. Fresno State was ranked in the final CFP poll and would have been the host, but the CFP poll did not come out until Tuesday evening and a host selection was needed prior to its release for logistical reasons. The second tiebreaker of a composite of computer rankings was used, with Boise State receiving hosting rights. The 2017 championship game was the fifth edition of the event. In the 2016 championship game, San Diego State defeated Wyoming 27–24. Teams. Fresno State.", "support": 1 }
naturalqa	50147706-a815-4f3e-a9d3-f8a7dc3e67fa	when does the movie eigth grade come out	Eighth Grade (film)	[ "July 13, 2018" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=56186449	1	{ "mapped_id": [ "50147706-a815-4f3e-a9d3-f8a7dc3e67fa", "50147706-a815-4f3e-a9d3-f8a7dc3e67fa", "50147706-a815-4f3e-a9d3-f8a7dc3e67fa", "50147706-a815-4f3e-a9d3-f8a7dc3e67fa", "50147706-a815-4f3e-a9d3-f8a7dc3e67fa" ], "doc_name": [ "Eighth Grade (film)", "Eighth Grade (film)", "Eighth Grade (film)", "Eighth Grade (film)", "Eighth Grade (film)" ], "doc_chunk": [ "2018 film by Bo Burnham\nEighth Grade is a 2018 American independent coming-of-age comedy-drama film written and directed by Bo Burnham in his feature-length directorial debut. It stars Elsie Fisher as Kayla, a teenager attending middle school who struggles with anxiety but strives to gain social acceptance from her peers during their final week of eighth grade. She copes by publishing vlogs as a self-styled motivational guru but spends much of her time obsessing over social media, frustrating her otherwise supportive father Mark (Josh Hamilton), whom she alienates despite his wish to be present in her life as her sole parent. Burnham began writing the screenplay in 2014, initially in an attempt to reflect on his own anxiety and onstage panic attacks he experienced during his career in stand-up comedy. Deciding to convey his experience through Kayla, he also wanted to explore how her generation copes with mental illness, grows up with the presence of social media, navigates sexuality and consent, relates to their parents and develops their sense of self. Burnham aimed for realism, casting actual eighth graders—including Fisher—who informed his script and directing. For research, he watched vlogs from teenagers on YouTube, where he also discovered Fisher. On a budget of $2 million, production took place in 2017 in Suffern, New York. \"Eighth Grade\" premiered at the Sundance Film Festival on January 19, 2018. It was given wide theatrical release in the United States by A24 on July 13, 2018.", "Instead of appealing the Motion Picture Association of America's R (Restricted) rating of the film, A24 and Burnham arranged free all-ages theatrical screenings in every U.S. state to let their intended audience see it. Upon release, the film was a critical and commercial success, grossing $13.5 million domestically. The filmmakers won many awards and nominations, with Burnham winning both Writers Guild and Directors Guild of America Awards, and Fisher nominated for a Golden Globe for Best Actress and winning the Gotham Award for Breakthrough Actor. At year's end, the National Board of Review and the American Film Institute each chose \"Eighth Grade\" as one of the 10 best films of 2018, with the former also naming it the year's best directorial debut. Plot. Eighth grader Kayla Day is in her final week at Miles Grove Middle School, a public school in a small New York town. She posts motivational vlogs on YouTube about confidence and self-image that receive few to no views. Timid and struggling to make friends at school, she is voted \"Most Quiet\" by her classmates. Meanwhile, her single father, Mark, struggles to connect with her and break her reliance on social media. Kayla is invited to popular classmate Kennedy's pool party by Kennedy's mother. At the party, she has a panic attack in the bathroom but eventually goes outside to swim, where she meets Kennedy's nerdy cousin Gabe. After trying to leave early, she has an awkward encounter with her crush Aiden, who encourages her to stay. She overcomes her anxiety and volunteers to sing karaoke.", "After hearing that Aiden broke up with his last girlfriend because she refused to send him nude photos of herself, Kayla lies to Aiden that she has a folder of explicit photos of herself on her phone, piquing his interest. He asks if she gives blowjobs, but she does not know what they are; although she lies and says yes, she later looks up instructions online and is disgusted by what she finds. Kayla meets a friendly senior named Olivia during a high school shadow program. Olivia shows Kayla around the school before sharing her number and inviting her to the mall with some friends. They have a good time, but Kayla is mortified to spot her father spying from afar, and orders him to leave. While Olivia's friend Riley is giving Kayla a ride home, he initiates an awkward game of truth or dare in which he asks about her sexual experience and takes off his shirt before encouraging her to remove hers. When she refuses, he angrily claims he was just trying to help her gain some experience. Kayla breaks down at home and is comforted by Mark. She makes a video announcing that she intends to stop making videos, as she is not the motivational guru she pretends to be and feels unfit to give advice. She opens a time capsule she created for herself in sixth grade and watches a video in which her past self asks about her current friends and love life. After enlisting Mark's help in burning the time capsule, she asks if she makes him sad. He tells Kayla she fills him with pride and he could never be sad about her, prompting her to hug him.", "At graduation, Kayla rebukes Kennedy for acting indifferent to Kayla's attempts at becoming friends. She later has dinner at Gabe's house and they enjoy their time together. Kayla makes a new time capsule that she and Mark bury in the backyard, and leaves a video message for her future high school senior self that encourages her to persevere through tough times. Themes. The film explores anxiety. Professor Julianna W. Miner, writing in 2018 about \"Eighth Grade\", reflects that 22% of teenagers were struggling with depression and anxiety, and teenage girls were dying by suicide at higher rates in 2015 than they were in the previous 40 years. The anxiety depicted is typical in middle school, but according to reporter Valerie Strauss, also reflects life in 2018 where people of all ages see a \"cacophony of indifference and downright meanness\". The words \"um\" and \"like\" in the screenplay also reflect \"the process of struggling\", rather than the characters' lack of intelligence. Critic Owen Gleiberman wrote that \"Eighth Grade\" was a trailblazer in examining youth who never knew a world without the Internet, touching on sexting as well. CBS News also commented that besides \"the usual teen angst and acne\", \"Eighth Grade\" depicts how Kayla spends a great deal of time online and engaging in text messaging. This reflects general trends in \"iGen\" (post-millennials), where 94% of youth have used smartphones by age 14. A 2018 U.S. poll found 45% of teenagers reported \"almost constantly\" online.", "24% called its effects \"mostly negative\", while 45% characterized it as \"neither negative nor positive\". Elsie Fisher said that \"social media is almost religious\" for Kayla. Burnham said, \"Social media has made me think differently as a person [...] it's made me more anxious, I think.\" Professor Jean Twenge also connected an increase in Internet usage to a decline in juvenile mental health. Gleiberman called the depiction an examination of \"overwhelming—and, I would argue, unprecedented—woe that teenagers today can feel\". Author Robert Barker contrasted \"Eighth Grade\" to earlier coming-of-age films such as \"Fast Times at Ridgemont High\" (1982) and \"Mean Girls\" (2004). Rather than work through cliques, Barker wrote, Kayla and others are on \"a digital war of all against all, preening, pretending, and pontificating as much to themselves as to an anonymous audience\". Barker also saw the sexting between characters as representing their obliviousness to lost innocence. NPR interpreted the impact of the Internet during maturation as \"one of the key subjects of \"Eighth Grade\"\", commenting on how many people may not remember the age fondly, but social media has added complications. NPR added Kayla is still able to grow despite great challenges. According to critic Kyle Buchanan, \"The biggest mystery to ... [Kayla] is the opposite sex\", considering her interest in Aiden and taking online lessons about fellatio." ], "support": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ] }	{ "mapped_id": "50147706-a815-4f3e-a9d3-f8a7dc3e67fa", "doc_name": "Eighth Grade (film)", "doc_chunk": "2018 film by Bo Burnham\nEighth Grade is a 2018 American independent coming-of-age comedy-drama film written and directed by Bo Burnham in his feature-length directorial debut. It stars Elsie Fisher as Kayla, a teenager attending middle school who struggles with anxiety but strives to gain social acceptance from her peers during their final week of eighth grade. She copes by publishing vlogs as a self-styled motivational guru but spends much of her time obsessing over social media, frustrating her otherwise supportive father Mark (Josh Hamilton), whom she alienates despite his wish to be present in her life as her sole parent. Burnham began writing the screenplay in 2014, initially in an attempt to reflect on his own anxiety and onstage panic attacks he experienced during his career in stand-up comedy. Deciding to convey his experience through Kayla, he also wanted to explore how her generation copes with mental illness, grows up with the presence of social media, navigates sexuality and consent, relates to their parents and develops their sense of self. Burnham aimed for realism, casting actual eighth graders—including Fisher—who informed his script and directing. For research, he watched vlogs from teenagers on YouTube, where he also discovered Fisher. On a budget of $2 million, production took place in 2017 in Suffern, New York. \"Eighth Grade\" premiered at the Sundance Film Festival on January 19, 2018. It was given wide theatrical release in the United States by A24 on July 13, 2018.", "support": 1 }
naturalqa	418d0f5e-39b1-4248-9428-7e5fb83ae732	which american inventor invented the commercial telegraph based on joseph henry work	Joseph Henry	[ "Samuel F. B. Morse", "Sir Charles Wheatstone" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=187477	1	{ "mapped_id": [ "418d0f5e-39b1-4248-9428-7e5fb83ae732", "418d0f5e-39b1-4248-9428-7e5fb83ae732", "418d0f5e-39b1-4248-9428-7e5fb83ae732", "418d0f5e-39b1-4248-9428-7e5fb83ae732", "418d0f5e-39b1-4248-9428-7e5fb83ae732" ], "doc_name": [ "Joseph Henry", "Joseph Henry", "Joseph Henry", "Joseph Henry", "Joseph Henry" ], "doc_chunk": [ "American scientist and the 1st Secretary of the Smithsonian\nJoseph Henry (December 17, 1797– May 13, 1878) was an American scientist who served as the first secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. He was the secretary for the National Institute for the Promotion of Science, a precursor of the Smithsonian Institution. He also served as president of the National Academy of Sciences from 1868 to 1878. While building electromagnets, Henry discovered the electromagnetic phenomenon of self-inductance. He also discovered mutual inductance independently of Michael Faraday, though Faraday was the first to make the discovery and publish his results. Henry developed the electromagnet into a practical device. He invented a precursor to the electric doorbell (specifically a bell that could be rung at a distance via an electric wire, 1831) and electric relay (1835). His work on the electromagnetic relay was the basis of the practical electrical telegraph, invented separately by Samuel F. B. Morse and Sir Charles Wheatstone. In his honor, the SI unit of inductance is named the henry (plural: henries; symbol: H). Early life and education. Henry was born in Albany, New York, to Scottish immigrants Ann Alexander Henry and William Henry. His parents were poor, and Henry's father died while he was still young. For the rest of his childhood, Henry lived with his grandmother in Galway, New York. After school, he worked at a general store, and at the age of thirteen became an apprentice watchmaker and silversmith. Joseph's first love was theater, and he came close to becoming a professional actor.", "His interest in science was sparked at the age of sixteen by a book of lectures on scientific topics titled \"Popular Lectures on Experimental Philosophy\". In 1819, he entered The Albany Academy, where he was given free tuition. Even with free tuition, he was so poor that he had to support himself with teaching and private tutoring positions. He intended to go into medicine, but in 1824 he was appointed an assistant engineer for the survey of the State road being constructed between the Hudson River and Lake Erie. From then on, he was inspired to a career in either civil or mechanical engineering. Henry excelled academically, even often helping his teachers teach science. Career. In 1826, he was appointed Professor of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy at The Albany Academy by Principal T. Romeyn Beck. Some of his most important research was conducted in this new position. His curiosity about terrestrial magnetism led him to experiment with magnetism in general. He was the first to coil insulated wire tightly around an iron core in order to make a more powerful electromagnet, improving on William Sturgeon's electromagnet which used loosely coiled uninsulated wire. Using this technique, he built the strongest electromagnet at the time, for Yale. He also showed that, when making an electromagnet using just two electrodes attached to a battery, it is best to wind several coils of wire in parallel, but when using a set-up with multiple batteries, there should be only one single long coil. The latter made the telegraph feasible.", "Because of his early experiments in electromagnetism, some historians credit Henry with discoveries pre-dating Faraday and Hertz; however, Henry is not credited due to not publishing his work. Using his newly developed electromagnetic principle, in 1831, Henry created one of the first machines to use electromagnetism for motion. This was the earliest ancestor of modern DC motor. It did not make use of rotating motion, but was merely an electromagnet perched on a pole, rocking back and forth. The rocking motion was caused by one of the two leads on both ends of the magnet rocker touching one of the two battery cells, causing a polarity change, and rocking the opposite direction until the other two leads hit the other battery. This apparatus allowed Henry to recognize the property of self inductance. British scientist Michael Faraday also recognized this property around the same time. Since Faraday published his results first, he became the officially recognized discoverer of the phenomenon. Princeton. From 1832 to 1846, Henry served as the first Chair of Natural History at the College of New Jersey, which is now Princeton University. While in Princeton, he taught a wide range of courses including natural history, chemistry, and architecture, and ran a laboratory on campus. Decades later, Henry wrote that he made \"several thousand original investigations on electricity, magnetism, and electro-magnetism\" while on the Princeton faculty. Henry relied heavily on an African American research assistant, Sam Parker, in his laboratory and experiments. Parker was a free black man hired by the Princeton trustees to assist Henry.", "In an 1841 letter to mathematician Elias Loomis, Henry wrote:\nThe Trustees have however furnished me with an article which I now find indispensable namely with a coloured servant whom I have taught to manage my batteries and who now relieves me from all the dirty work of the laboratory. In his letters, Henry described Parker providing materials for experiments, fixing technical issues with Henry's equipment, and at times being used as a test subject in electrical experiments in which Henry and his students would shock Parker in classroom demonstrations. In 1842, when Parker fell ill, Henry's experiments stopped completely until he recovered. Smithsonian. Henry was appointed the first Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution in 1846, and served in this capacity until 1878. In 1848, while Secretary, Henry worked in conjunction with Professor Stephen Alexander to determine the relative temperatures for different parts of the solar disk. They used a thermopile to determine that sunspots were cooler than the surrounding regions. This work was shown to the astronomer Angelo Secchi who extended it, but with some question as to whether Henry was given proper credit for his earlier work. In late 1861 and early 1862, during the American Civil War, Henry oversaw a series of lectures by prominent abolitionists at the Smithsonian Institution. Speakers included white clergymen, politicians, and activists such as Wendell Phillips, Horace Greeley, Henry Ward Beecher, and Ralph Waldo Emerson.", "Famous orator and former fugitive slave Frederick Douglass was scheduled as the final speaker; Henry, however, refused to allow him to attend, stating: \"I would not let the lecture of the coloured man be given in the rooms of the Smithsonian.\" In the fall of 2014, history author Jeremy T.K. Farley released \"The Civil War Out My Window: Diary of Mary Henry\". The 262-page book featured the detailed diary of Henry's daughter Mary Anna Henry, kept from the years of 1855 to 1878 while living in the Smithsonian Castle. Throughout the diary, Henry is repeatedly mentioned by his daughter, who showed a keen affection to her father. Influences in aeronautics. Henry was introduced to Prof. Thaddeus Lowe, a balloonist from New Hampshire who had taken interest in the phenomenon of lighter-than-air gases, and exploits into meteorology, in particular, the high winds which we call the Jet stream today. It was Lowe's intent to make a transatlantic crossing by utilizing an enormous gas-inflated aerostat. Henry took a great interest in Lowe's endeavors, promoting him among some of the more prominent scientists and institutions of the day. In June 1860, Lowe had made a successful test flight with his gigantic balloon, first named the \"City of New York\" and later renamed \"The Great Western\", flying from Philadelphia to Medford, New York." ], "support": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ] }	{ "mapped_id": "418d0f5e-39b1-4248-9428-7e5fb83ae732", "doc_name": "Joseph Henry", "doc_chunk": "American scientist and the 1st Secretary of the Smithsonian\nJoseph Henry (December 17, 1797– May 13, 1878) was an American scientist who served as the first secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. He was the secretary for the National Institute for the Promotion of Science, a precursor of the Smithsonian Institution. He also served as president of the National Academy of Sciences from 1868 to 1878. While building electromagnets, Henry discovered the electromagnetic phenomenon of self-inductance. He also discovered mutual inductance independently of Michael Faraday, though Faraday was the first to make the discovery and publish his results. Henry developed the electromagnet into a practical device. He invented a precursor to the electric doorbell (specifically a bell that could be rung at a distance via an electric wire, 1831) and electric relay (1835). His work on the electromagnetic relay was the basis of the practical electrical telegraph, invented separately by Samuel F. B. Morse and Sir Charles Wheatstone. In his honor, the SI unit of inductance is named the henry (plural: henries; symbol: H). Early life and education. Henry was born in Albany, New York, to Scottish immigrants Ann Alexander Henry and William Henry. His parents were poor, and Henry's father died while he was still young. For the rest of his childhood, Henry lived with his grandmother in Galway, New York. After school, he worked at a general store, and at the age of thirteen became an apprentice watchmaker and silversmith. Joseph's first love was theater, and he came close to becoming a professional actor.", "support": 1 }
naturalqa	0db3fe6c-ccbb-4d63-9ed5-063d81e556d0	where is oxbridge academy located in south africa	Oxbridge Academy (South Africa)	[ "Stellenbosch" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47650952	1	{ "mapped_id": [ "0db3fe6c-ccbb-4d63-9ed5-063d81e556d0", "0db3fe6c-ccbb-4d63-9ed5-063d81e556d0", "0db3fe6c-ccbb-4d63-9ed5-063d81e556d0", "0db3fe6c-ccbb-4d63-9ed5-063d81e556d0", "0db3fe6c-ccbb-4d63-9ed5-063d81e556d0" ], "doc_name": [ "Oxbridge Academy (South Africa)", "Oxbridge Academy (South Africa)", "Oxbridge Academy (Florida)", "Oxbridge Academy (Florida)", "Oxbridge" ], "doc_chunk": [ "Private distance learning college based in South Africa\nOxbridge Academy is a private distance learning college based in Stellenbosch, South Africa. It was founded in 1997, to help address the skills shortage in the South African job market. Oxbridge Academy also offers courses to students internationally, but the majority of their students are situated in southern Africa. Along with TVET (formerly public FET) colleges and other private colleges, Oxbridge Academy was established to provide students with greater access to further education opportunities, regardless of their academic background and economic status. In July 2016, Oxbridge Academy partnered with the ADvTECH Group, with the aim of increasing the distance education offering in Africa. Accreditation Status. In South Africa, there is currently some debate surrounding the accreditation status of private colleges and the courses that they offer. In terms of current legislation, all private colleges offering qualifications registered on the National Qualifications Framework (NQF) are required to be registered with the relevant accrediting bodies, which may include the Department of Higher Education and Training (DHET), the Council on Higher Education (CHE), and the Quality Council for Trades and Occupations (QCTO). Oxbridge Academy is registered with the DHET and the QCTO, and is also accredited by other relevant accrediting bodies to offer certain courses. Mode of delivery. The courses are all offered on a distance learning basis.", "Distance learning, particularly in the South African context, gives students the opportunity to further their studies even when they do not have access to transport, or when they are required to work to support their families, instead of undergoing further education on a full-time basis. References. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "Oxbridge Academy is a private coeducational college-preparatory middle and high school in West Palm Beach, Florida. The school, managed by the Oxbridge Academy Foundation, Inc., serves grades 6–12. History. The school was funded with a $50 million donation from Bill Koch. Koch's goal was to create a school for his own children where academically gifted students of all socioeconomic backgrounds could do hands-on projects and learn by problem solving, a place where students ruled. Oxbridge was opened in under a year on a 45-acre campus that once held a Jewish community center. By 2016 he had spent more than $75 million on the school. By 2014, the school added a football team at the request of the student body. In April 2016, Koch announced that Academic Dean John Klemme would serve as the School's president, placing Robert Parsons on paid leave pending an investigation of harassment claims. Parsons compensation package was worth $1 million, with an annual salary of about $600,000 per year. On May 27, 2016, Koch fired Parsons and declined to renew the contracts of director of athletics Craig Sponsky and the football coach Doug Socha; Koch noted that a \"power elites group\" in the school \"ran the asylum\". In July 2016, David Rosow was elected president and CEO of Oxbridge Academy. On June 20, 2018, the school announced that it was ending its football program after a number of its players transferred to other schools. The program was revived for the 2023-24 school year. Athletics recruiting violations.", "In 2016, the school self-reported athletic recruiting violations and forfeited all athletic victories for the previous two years, including three FHSAA district championships. References. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "Universities of Oxford and Cambridge\nOxbridge is a portmanteau of the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge, the two oldest, wealthiest, and most famous universities in the United Kingdom. The term is used to refer to them collectively, in contrast to other British universities, and more broadly to describe characteristics reminiscent of them, often with implications of superior social or intellectual status or elitism. Origins. Although both universities were founded more than eight centuries ago, the term \"Oxbridge\" is relatively recent. In William Makepeace Thackeray's novel \"Pendennis\", published in 1850, the main character attends the fictional Boniface College, Oxbridge. According to the \"Oxford English Dictionary\", the first recorded use of the word was by Virginia Woolf, who, citing William Makepeace Thackeray, referenced it in her 1929 essay \"A Room of One's Own.\" The term was used in the \"Times Educational Supplement\" in 1957, and the following year in \"Universities Quarterly\". When expanded, the universities are almost always referred to as \"Oxford and Cambridge\", the order in which they were founded. A notable exception is Tokyo's \"Cambridge and Oxford Society\"; this probably arises from the fact that the Cambridge Club was founded there first, and also had more members than its Oxford counterpart when they amalgamated in 1905. Meaning. In addition to being a collective term, \"Oxbridge\" is often used as shorthand for characteristics the two institutions share:\nCriticism." ], "support": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ] }	{ "mapped_id": "0db3fe6c-ccbb-4d63-9ed5-063d81e556d0", "doc_name": "Oxbridge Academy (South Africa)", "doc_chunk": "Private distance learning college based in South Africa\nOxbridge Academy is a private distance learning college based in Stellenbosch, South Africa. It was founded in 1997, to help address the skills shortage in the South African job market. Oxbridge Academy also offers courses to students internationally, but the majority of their students are situated in southern Africa. Along with TVET (formerly public FET) colleges and other private colleges, Oxbridge Academy was established to provide students with greater access to further education opportunities, regardless of their academic background and economic status. In July 2016, Oxbridge Academy partnered with the ADvTECH Group, with the aim of increasing the distance education offering in Africa. Accreditation Status. In South Africa, there is currently some debate surrounding the accreditation status of private colleges and the courses that they offer. In terms of current legislation, all private colleges offering qualifications registered on the National Qualifications Framework (NQF) are required to be registered with the relevant accrediting bodies, which may include the Department of Higher Education and Training (DHET), the Council on Higher Education (CHE), and the Quality Council for Trades and Occupations (QCTO). Oxbridge Academy is registered with the DHET and the QCTO, and is also accredited by other relevant accrediting bodies to offer certain courses. Mode of delivery. The courses are all offered on a distance learning basis.", "support": 1 }
naturalqa	f2dfaab6-6930-4145-9315-e48d675506a4	who is known as the father of homeopathy	Samuel Hahnemann	[ "Christian Friedrich Samuel Hahnemann" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=184549	1	{ "mapped_id": [ "f2dfaab6-6930-4145-9315-e48d675506a4", "f2dfaab6-6930-4145-9315-e48d675506a4", "f2dfaab6-6930-4145-9315-e48d675506a4", "f2dfaab6-6930-4145-9315-e48d675506a4", "f2dfaab6-6930-4145-9315-e48d675506a4" ], "doc_name": [ "Samuel Hahnemann", "Samuel Hahnemann", "Samuel Hahnemann", "Samuel Hahnemann", "Samuel Hahnemann" ], "doc_chunk": [ "German physician who created homeopathy (1755–1843)\nChristian Friedrich Samuel Hahnemann ( , ; 10 April 1755 – 2 July 1843) was a German physician, best known for creating the pseudoscientific system of alternative medicine called homeopathy. Early life. Christian Friedrich Samuel Hahnemann was born in Meissen, Saxony, near Dresden. His father Christian Gottfried Hahnemann was a painter and designer of porcelain, for which the town of Meissen is famous. As a young man, Hahnemann became proficient in a number of languages, including English, French, Italian, Greek and Latin. He eventually made a living as a translator and teacher of languages, gaining further proficiency in \"Arabic, Syriac, Chaldaic and Hebrew\". Hahnemann studied medicine for two years at Leipzig. Citing Leipzig's lack of clinical facilities, he moved to Vienna, where he studied for ten months. His medical professors in Leipzig and Vienna included the physician Joseph von Quarin, later credited for turning Vienna General Hospital into a model European medical institution. After one term of further study, Hahnemann graduated with a medical degree with honors from the University of Erlangen on 10 August 1779. His poverty may have forced him to choose Erlangen, as the school's fees were lower than in Vienna. Hahnemann's thesis was titled \"Conspectus adfectuum spasmodicorum aetiologicus et therapeuticus\" [\"A Dissertation on the Causes and Treatment of Spasmodic Diseases\"]. Medical practice.", "In 1781, Hahnemann took a village doctor's position in the copper-mining area of Mansfeld, Saxony. He soon married Johanna Henriette Kuchler and would eventually have eleven children. After abandoning medical practice, and while working as a translator of scientific and medical textbooks, he translated fifteen books from English, six from French and one each from Latin and Italian from 1777 to 1806. Hahnemann travelled around Saxony for many years, staying in many different towns and villages for varying lengths of time, never living far from the River Elbe and settling at different times in Dresden, Torgau, Leipzig and Köthen (Anhalt) before finally moving to Paris in June 1835. Creation of homeopathy. Hahnemann was dissatisfied with the state of medicine in his time, and particularly objected to practices such as bloodletting. He claimed that the medicine he had been taught to practice sometimes did the patient more harm than good:\nMy sense of duty would not easily allow me to treat the unknown pathological state of my suffering brethren with these unknown medicines. The thought of becoming in this way a murderer or malefactor towards the life of my fellow human beings was most terrible to me, so terrible and disturbing that I wholly gave up my practice in the first years of my married life and occupied myself solely with chemistry and writing. After giving up his practice around 1784, Hahnemann made his living chiefly as a writer and translator, while resolving also to investigate the causes of medicine's alleged errors.", "While translating William Cullen's \"A Treatise on the Materia Medica\", Hahnemann encountered the claim that cinchona, the bark of a Peruvian tree, was effective in treating malaria because of its astringency. Hahnemann believed that other astringent substances are not effective against malaria and began to research cinchona's effect on the human body by self-application. Noting that the drug induced malaria-like symptoms in himself, he concluded that it would do so in any healthy individual. This led him to postulate a healing principle: \"that which can produce a set of symptoms in a healthy individual, can treat a sick individual who is manifesting a similar set of symptoms.\" This principle, \"like cures like\", became the basis for an approach to medicine which he gave the name homeopathy. He first used the term homeopathy in his essay \"Indications of the Homeopathic Employment of Medicines in Ordinary Practice\", published in Hufeland's \"Journal\" in 1807. Development of homeopathy. Following up the work of the Viennese physician Anton von Störck, Hahnemann tested substances for the effects they produced on a healthy individual, presupposing (as von Störck had claimed) that they may heal the same ills that they caused. His researches led him to agree with von Störck that the toxic effects of ingested substances are often broadly parallel to certain disease states, and his exploration of historical cases of poisoning in the medical literature further implied a more generalised medicinal \"law of similars\".", "He later devised methods of diluting the drugs he was testing in order to mitigate their toxic effects. He claimed that these dilutions, when prepared according to his technique of \"potentization\" using dilution and succussion (vigorous shaking), were still effective in alleviating the same symptoms in the sick. His more systematic experiments with dose reduction really commenced around 1800–01 when, on the basis of his \"law of similars,\" he had begun using \"Ipecacuanha\" for the treatment of coughs and Belladonna for scarlet fever. He first published an article about the homeopathic approach in a German-language medical journal in 1796. Following a series of further essays, he published in 1810 \"Organon of the Rational Art of Healing\", followed over the years by four further editions entitled \"The Organon of the Healing Art\", the first systematic treatise and containing all his detailed instructions on the subject. A 6th \"Organon\" edition, unpublished during his lifetime, and dating from February 1842, was only published many years after his death. It consisted of a 5th \"Organon\" containing extensive handwritten annotations. The \"Organon\" is widely regarded as a remodelled form of an essay he published in 1806 called \"The Medicine of Experience\", which had been published in Hufeland's Journal.", "Of the \"Organon\", Robert Ellis Dudgeon states it \"was an amplification and extension of his \"Medicine of Experience\", worked up with greater care, and put into a more methodical and aphoristic form, after the model of the Hippocratic writings.\" Coffee theory of disease. Around the start of the nineteenth century Hahnemann developed a theory, propounded in his 1803 essay \"On the Effects of Coffee from Original Observations\", that many diseases are caused by coffee. Hahnemann later abandoned the coffee theory in favour of the theory that disease is caused by \"Psora\", but it has been noted that the list of conditions Hahnemann attributed to coffee was similar to his list of conditions caused by \"Psora\". Later life. In early 1811 Hahnemann moved his family back to Leipzig with the intention of teaching his new medical system at the University of Leipzig. As required by the university statutes, to become a faculty member he was required to submit and defend a thesis on a medical topic of his choice. On 26 June 1812, Hahnemann presented a Latin thesis, entitled \"A Medical Historical Dissertation on the Helleborism of the Ancients.\" His thesis very thoroughly examined the historical literature and sought to differentiate between the ancient use of \"Helleborus niger\", or black hellebore, and the medicinal uses of the \"white hellebore\", botanically \"Veratrum album\", both of which are poisonous plants. Hahnemann continued practicing and researching homeopathy, as well as writing and lecturing for the rest of his life." ], "support": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ] }	{ "mapped_id": "f2dfaab6-6930-4145-9315-e48d675506a4", "doc_name": "Samuel Hahnemann", "doc_chunk": "German physician who created homeopathy (1755–1843)\nChristian Friedrich Samuel Hahnemann ( , ; 10 April 1755 – 2 July 1843) was a German physician, best known for creating the pseudoscientific system of alternative medicine called homeopathy. Early life. Christian Friedrich Samuel Hahnemann was born in Meissen, Saxony, near Dresden. His father Christian Gottfried Hahnemann was a painter and designer of porcelain, for which the town of Meissen is famous. As a young man, Hahnemann became proficient in a number of languages, including English, French, Italian, Greek and Latin. He eventually made a living as a translator and teacher of languages, gaining further proficiency in \"Arabic, Syriac, Chaldaic and Hebrew\". Hahnemann studied medicine for two years at Leipzig. Citing Leipzig's lack of clinical facilities, he moved to Vienna, where he studied for ten months. His medical professors in Leipzig and Vienna included the physician Joseph von Quarin, later credited for turning Vienna General Hospital into a model European medical institution. After one term of further study, Hahnemann graduated with a medical degree with honors from the University of Erlangen on 10 August 1779. His poverty may have forced him to choose Erlangen, as the school's fees were lower than in Vienna. Hahnemann's thesis was titled \"Conspectus adfectuum spasmodicorum aetiologicus et therapeuticus\" [\"A Dissertation on the Causes and Treatment of Spasmodic Diseases\"]. Medical practice.", "support": 1 }
naturalqa	2a7b4f9c-e9ef-43bb-980d-88fac4bb0053	when does the movie woman walks ahead come out	Woman Walks Ahead	[ "May 31, 2018" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=51638376	2	{ "mapped_id": [ "2a7b4f9c-e9ef-43bb-980d-88fac4bb0053", "2a7b4f9c-e9ef-43bb-980d-88fac4bb0053", "2a7b4f9c-e9ef-43bb-980d-88fac4bb0053", "2a7b4f9c-e9ef-43bb-980d-88fac4bb0053", "2a7b4f9c-e9ef-43bb-980d-88fac4bb0053" ], "doc_name": [ "Woman Walks Ahead", "Woman Walks Ahead", "Woman Walks Ahead", "Ahead", "The Legend of Walks Far Woman" ], "doc_chunk": [ "2017 film directed by Susanna White\nWoman Walks Ahead is a 2017 American biographical drama Western film directed by Susanna White and written by Steven Knight. The film is the story of Catherine Weldon (Jessica Chastain), a portrait painter who travels from New York City to the Dakotas in 1890 to paint a portrait of Sitting Bull (Michael Greyeyes). Chaske Spencer and Sam Rockwell also star. The film premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival September 10, 2017. It was released through DirecTV Cinema on May 31, 2018, before being released in a limited release on June 29, 2018, by A24. Premise. Catherine Weldon, a Swiss-American portrait painter, travels from Brooklyn, New York to the Dakotas in the 1890s to paint a portrait of Sitting Bull. She becomes embroiled in the Lakota people's struggle over the rights to their land. Cast. <templatestyles src=\"Div col/styles.css\"/>*Jessica Chastain as Catherine Weldon, painter and confidante to Sitting Bull\nProduction. On February 3, 2016, it was reported that Jessica Chastain was in talks to play Sitting Bull's confidante in \"Woman Walks Ahead\", directed by Susanna White. On September 14, 2016, Michael Greyeyes, Sam Rockwell, Ciarán Hinds, Chaske Spencer, and Bill Camp joined the cast, with principal photography having begun in New Mexico. Release. The film had its world premiere at the Toronto International Film Festival on September 10, 2017.", "Shortly after, A24 and DirecTV Cinema acquired distribution rights to the film. Its U.S. premiere was at the Tribeca Film Festival on April 25, 2018. It was released through DirecTV Cinema on May 31, 2018, before being released in a limited release on June 29, 2018. Reception. On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 59% based on 44 reviews, and an average rating of 5.9/10. The site's critical consensus reads, \"\"Woman Walks Ahead\" gets some extra mileage out of watchable work from Jessica Chastain and Michael Greyeyes, but uneven pacing and two-dimensional characters undermine their efforts.\" On Metacritic, which assigns a rating to reviews, the film has a weighted average score of 51 out of 100, based on 19 critics, indicating \"mixed or average reviews\". Despite mixed reviews, Michael Greyeyes received critical acclaim for his portrayal of Sitting Bull. \"The New York Times\" critic Jeannette Catsoulis called his performance \"a miracle of intelligence and dignity\". \"RogerEbert.com\" contributor Susan Wloszczyna raved about his performance, calling it \"the most subtle, soulful, and believable\". \"Los Angeles Times\" and \"Village Voice\" critics described his presence as captivating as “wry wit and quiet gravity”, while the latter described his performance as \"stirring\". Historical Accuracy. The circumstances of Sitting Bull's death are portrayed inaccurately in \"Woman Walks Ahead\".", "Near the end of the film, several Indian Agency policemen arrive at Sitting Bull's cabin to arrest him. He surrenders peacefully and mounts a horse. Meanwhile, a solitary gunman of unknown identity lurks in a nearby building. Once Sitting Bull is astride his horse, the gunman fires a single shot, knocking the chief off his mount and killing him instantly. In truth, Sitting Bull refused to go quietly when the police arrived. There was a struggle between Sitting Bull's followers and the policemen, which resulted in a total of thirteen people being killed, including Sitting Bull. References. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "Ahead may refer to:\nSee also. Topics referred to by the same term\n<templatestyles src=\"Dmbox/styles.css\" />\n This page lists associated with the title .", " The Legend of Walks Far Woman is a 1982 American television film starring Raquel Welch and Bradford Dillman. It aired on NBC. Plot. An Indian woman kills her husband after he is violent towards her. She is banished from her tribe. Production. The film was announced in June 1979 and filming took place later that year. It was made by Raquel Welch's own production company. There were reportedly a number of clashes involving Raquel Welch and the director on set. Welch admitted the role represented \"a change of pace\" for her. Reception. The film aired in the UK in 1980. It was not screened in the US until 1982 because some NBC executives thought it was \"a disaster\". Brandon Tartikoff of NBC cut 25 minutes from the film before it aired. The \"New York Times\" said \"there is nothing dreadfully wrong with Miss Welch's performance... it's just that the entire story is boring.\" It was the highest-rated TV movie of the year. References. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />" ], "support": [ 1, 1, 0, 0, 0 ] }	{ "mapped_id": "2a7b4f9c-e9ef-43bb-980d-88fac4bb0053", "doc_name": "Woman Walks Ahead", "doc_chunk": "2017 film directed by Susanna White\nWoman Walks Ahead is a 2017 American biographical drama Western film directed by Susanna White and written by Steven Knight. The film is the story of Catherine Weldon (Jessica Chastain), a portrait painter who travels from New York City to the Dakotas in 1890 to paint a portrait of Sitting Bull (Michael Greyeyes). Chaske Spencer and Sam Rockwell also star. The film premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival September 10, 2017. It was released through DirecTV Cinema on May 31, 2018, before being released in a limited release on June 29, 2018, by A24. Premise. Catherine Weldon, a Swiss-American portrait painter, travels from Brooklyn, New York to the Dakotas in the 1890s to paint a portrait of Sitting Bull. She becomes embroiled in the Lakota people's struggle over the rights to their land. Cast. <templatestyles src=\"Div col/styles.css\"/>*Jessica Chastain as Catherine Weldon, painter and confidante to Sitting Bull\nProduction. On February 3, 2016, it was reported that Jessica Chastain was in talks to play Sitting Bull's confidante in \"Woman Walks Ahead\", directed by Susanna White. On September 14, 2016, Michael Greyeyes, Sam Rockwell, Ciarán Hinds, Chaske Spencer, and Bill Camp joined the cast, with principal photography having begun in New Mexico. Release. The film had its world premiere at the Toronto International Film Festival on September 10, 2017.", "support": 1 }
naturalqa	d9fe4d9d-c270-48a0-83b0-58da3e0aa329	what vertebra is at the level of the iliac crest	Iliac crest	[ "the fourth lumbar vertebral body (L4)" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5000184	1	{ "mapped_id": [ "d9fe4d9d-c270-48a0-83b0-58da3e0aa329", "d9fe4d9d-c270-48a0-83b0-58da3e0aa329", "d9fe4d9d-c270-48a0-83b0-58da3e0aa329", "d9fe4d9d-c270-48a0-83b0-58da3e0aa329", "d9fe4d9d-c270-48a0-83b0-58da3e0aa329" ], "doc_name": [ "Iliac crest", "Iliac crest", "The Iliac Crest", "The Iliac Crest", "The Iliac Crest" ], "doc_chunk": [ "Top border of the hip\nThe crest of the ilium (or iliac crest) is the superior border of the wing of ilium and the superiolateral margin of the greater pelvis. Structure. The iliac crest stretches posteriorly from the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) to the posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS). Behind the ASIS, it divides into an outer and inner lip separated by the intermediate zone. The outer lip bulges laterally into the iliac tubercle. Palpable in its entire length, the crest is convex superiorly but is sinuously curved, being concave inward in front, concave outward behind. It is thinner at the center than at the extremities. Development. The iliac crest is derived from endochondral bone. Function. To the external lip are attached the \"Tensor fasciae latae\", \"Obliquus externus abdominis\", and \"Latissimus dorsi\", and along its whole length the \"fascia lata\"; to the intermediate line, the \"Obliquus internus abdominis\". To the internal lip, the \"iliac fascia\", the \"Transversus abdominis\", Quadratus lumborum, Sacrospinalis, and \"Iliacus\". Clinical significance. The iliac crest has a large amount of red bone marrow, and thus it is the site of bone marrow harvests (from both sides) to collect the stem cells used in bone marrow transplantation.", "The iliac crest is also considered the best donor site for bone grafting when a large quantity of bone is needed. For example, oral and maxillofacial surgeons will often use iliac crest bone to fill in large osseous defects of the oral cavity caused by severe periodontal disease, excess bone resorption following tooth loss, trauma, or congenital defects including alveolar clefts. The top of the iliac crests also marks the level of the fourth lumbar vertebral body (L4), above or below which lumbar puncture may be performed. Furthermore, said level is often referred to as the \"intercristal line\". References. \"This article incorporates text in the public domain from the 20th edition of\" Gray's Anatomy \"(1918)\"\n<templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "2002 novel by Cristina Rivera Garza\n\"The Iliac Crest\" is a novel written by Mexican novelist Cristina Rivera Garza and translated into the English language by Sarah Booker. The book was originally published in the Spanish language in 2002 before being translated into English in 2017. The book follows an unnamed narrator as he struggles with gender identity, personal identity, and the ideas of sanity, desire, fear, and freedom. It focuses on the unnamed narrator as he deals with three women who tell him he is a woman, but he attempts to debunk this idea. The novel has been met with positive reception by reviewers. Plot. The novel opens to an unnamed man reflecting on why he let a woman into his house on a dark and stormy night. The woman introduces herself as Amparo Dávila, and the narrator takes particular interest in her prominent hip bone, though he cannot remember this bone's name. Amparo approaches the narrator and claims that he used to be a tree, which greatly confuses him. Later that night, the narrator reveals that he was actually waiting for a different woman, who he refers to as the Betrayed; they were planning to end their relationship for good that night. The Betrayed shows up late and faints immediately upon arrival. Amparo begins to care for her and unpacks the Betrayed's possessions, saying that she will need to stay there for her recovery. After a few days at the narrator's house, the narrator notices that Amparo is writing something, which she says is about her own disappearance.", "He begins to observe the two women and comes to the conclusion that they have created their own language structured around the word \"glu.\" Amparo eventually asks him about his work at Serenity Shores Sanatorium, increasing his suspicions. One night, he decides to drug her in order to try to get answers out of her. She reveals that she is looking for information on a man who could have stolen a manuscript for her. The narrator recalls that the man tried to organize the terminally ill patients to demand death rather than life at the hospital, and he eventually committed suicide. Amparo says that she has not truly written since the day the man stole her manuscript. The narrator later goes to work and makes a deal with two women that he will give them a ride on a later night in exchange for permission to search through the records. He finds the man's files, which name him Juan Escutia. The narrator also stumbles upon Amparo's lost manuscript in the archives but does not reveal this to Amparo. Later, Amparo approaches the narrator and tells him that she knows his secret: he is actually a woman. The narrator's paranoia and uncertainty about his own body and existence grow after this conversation, and he begins to constantly verify that he is a man. The narrator follows through on his promise to give the two women in charge of the archives a ride. He accompanies them to a party and has sex with them. After leaving the party, he has the idea to look up Amparo in a phone book. He wants to contact the real Amparo and expose the false Amparo.", "He later calls her, and she agrees to meet with him. When he arrives at the true Amparo's house, he gains some memories of his life as a tree. After recovering from this experience, he begins to speak with Amparo, whom he calls the True One. He hands her the manuscript and describes the False One to her, and she claims that the False One must be one of the Emissaries. She gives him the manuscript back and tells him to give it to the False One, which he has no intention of doing. One morning, a hospital security guard arrives at the narrator's house. The narrator is taken to the office of the Director, who confronts him about his illegal trips to the archives. To his own confusion, the narrator confesses to this transgression and is taken to the infirmary. He is released and returns home after being questioned. He later begins to spy on himself and on others and notices that people do not fit into his expectations of them. The female workers and patients do not fit into his ideas of femininity. He continues to investigate Juan Escutia, and the Director catches him searching through the files again. The Director then confronts him about his guests, which are unacceptable by the hospital's standards. The narrator explains some of the circumstances of the arrival of the women and asks the Director if he wants to meet them. The Director accepts this invitation. When he arrives, the narrator is shocked to learn that the Director knows the “glu” language. He begins to converse with the women in this language, leaving the narrator confused." ], "support": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ] }	{ "mapped_id": "d9fe4d9d-c270-48a0-83b0-58da3e0aa329", "doc_name": "Iliac crest", "doc_chunk": "The iliac crest is also considered the best donor site for bone grafting when a large quantity of bone is needed. For example, oral and maxillofacial surgeons will often use iliac crest bone to fill in large osseous defects of the oral cavity caused by severe periodontal disease, excess bone resorption following tooth loss, trauma, or congenital defects including alveolar clefts. The top of the iliac crests also marks the level of the fourth lumbar vertebral body (L4), above or below which lumbar puncture may be performed. Furthermore, said level is often referred to as the \"intercristal line\". References. \"This article incorporates text in the public domain from the 20th edition of\" Gray's Anatomy \"(1918)\"\n<templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "support": 1 }
naturalqa	b713eea8-9661-4e71-aa89-fa82ee438163	who wrote a good heart is hard to find	A Good Heart	[ "Maria McKee" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=6975034	1	{ "mapped_id": [ "b713eea8-9661-4e71-aa89-fa82ee438163", "b713eea8-9661-4e71-aa89-fa82ee438163", "b713eea8-9661-4e71-aa89-fa82ee438163", "b713eea8-9661-4e71-aa89-fa82ee438163", "b713eea8-9661-4e71-aa89-fa82ee438163" ], "doc_name": [ "A Good Heart", "The Good Heart", "The Good Heart", "Good Night, Dear Heart", "Good Night, Dear Heart" ], "doc_chunk": [ "\"A Good Heart\" is a song written by Maria McKee and recorded by Northern Irish singer Feargal Sharkey, released as the first single from his self-titled debut album. It was released in September 1985 and became a number-one hit in the United Kingdom, Australia, Belgium, Ireland, and the Netherlands. Background. Written by then-Lone Justice frontwoman Maria McKee about her relationship with Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers keyboard player Benmont Tench and produced by the Eurythmics' David A. Stewart, this was former Undertones singer Feargal Sharkey's third solo single. The song was Sharkey's only number one single and stayed at the top of the UK Singles Chart for two weeks in November 1985. However, it fared less well in the US, peaking at No. 74 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. Sharkey followed up the single with the Tench-written \"You Little Thief\". This song was allegedly about Tench's side of the relationship with McKee. However, Tench denies the song is about McKee. Austin, Texas-based singer-songwriter/guitarist Kris McKay performed a version of the song, featured on the soundtrack for the 1989 Patrick Swayze movie \"Road House\". In 2007, McKee released her own recording of the track on her album \"Late December\". Charts. <templatestyles src=\"Col-begin/styles.css\"/>\nReferences. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "The Good Heart is an Icelandic independent film written and directed by Dagur Kári, starring Brian Cox and Paul Dano. It debuted at the 2009 Toronto International Film Festival. Plot. Short-tempered bartender Jacques (Brian Cox) has a heart attack. Young homeless man Lucas (Paul Dano) fails in a suicide attempt. They share a room in the hospital. Jacques becomes obsessed with helping Lucas, even snooping through his medical records before finally tracking him down. Reluctantly, Lucas agrees to come to the bar, and Lucas is given a sparsely furnished room. Jacques trains Lucas as a bartender, where Lucas resists his cynicism and belittling of the customers. Jacques wishes to coach Lucas to become his successor but feels that Lucas is too soft toward the bar’s patrons. Lucas allows April (Isild Le Besco) to stay in his room, but Jacques tells Lucas that he should send her away. However, Lucas and April get married and both leave. Reluctantly Jacques allows April to come back because he finds it important that the bar will stay after his retirement or death, and therefore that his intended successor, Lucas, stays. Lucas is jealous about April's interaction with the bar’s patrons, and they break up. Jacques gets softer and Lucas less so. Lucas is killed after being hit by a car. His heart goes to Jacques, who has been waiting for a donor for a heart transplant. Although he always refused to sell his bar, he does so now and starts living in the tropics, where he has friends who supply the coffee for his bar. Reception.", "Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes gives the film an approval rating of 30%, based on 37 reviews, with an average rating of 4.5/10. On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 40 out of 100, based on 19 critics, indicating \"mixed or average reviews\". Box office. The film received a domestic total of $20,930 in the United States, and in other countries, the movie received a total of $322,888, making the total movie box office $343,818 worldwide. References. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "\"Good Night, Dear Heart\" is a 1990 episode of the American science fiction television series \"Quantum Leap\". Lead character Sam Beckett \"leaps\" (travels through time) to 1957, into the body of a mortician investigating the death of a young West German immigrant woman. What at first appears to be a suicide by drowning turns out to be foul play. The episode, the 17th of season 2, was written by Paul Brown and directed by Christopher T. Welch. It aired originally on March 7, 1990. Paul Brown won an Edgar Award for Best Episode in a TV Series for writing \"Good Night, Dear Heart\". The character Stephanie Heywood was later featured in an issue of the \"Quantum Leap\" comic book series. Plot. It is November 9, 1957, and Sam Beckett has \"leaped\" into the body of Melvin Spooner, a mortician in fictional Riven Rock, Massachusetts, who also serves as the town's coroner. He looks down at the body of 19 year old Hilla Doehner, a West German immigrant. It is explained that Hilla has no family since her father died in North Africa in World War II and her mother and brothers perished in the 1945 firebombing of Dresden. Although it initially appears that she drowned herself, Sam determines that she was in fact murdered. He realizes that he is there to solve her murder, but grows obsessed with her. Upon learning that Hilla was pregnant, Sam first comes to believe that Greg Truesdale, the young man who loved her, killed her.", "When he finds out that Greg's father Roger tried to get Hilla to have an abortion, he then tries to convince Lyle, the chief of police, to arrest Roger. Lyle persuades Sam that no prosecutor would take Roger to trial and convinces him to bury Hilla. As Sam prepares Hilla for burial he realizes who the killer is. Hilla was killed by Stephanie Heywood. Stephanie and Hilla were romantically involved and planned to move to New York together, where Hilla would model and Stephanie would become a photographer. Then Hilla fell in love with Greg and became pregnant. When she tried to break it off with Stephanie, Stephanie struck her in the head with a shoe, causing her death. After the funeral, Sam remains behind and reads the poem \"Warm Summer Sun\" by Mark Twain concluding with the words \"Good night, dear heart, good night, good night\" before leaping. Awards. \"Good Night, Dear Heart\" won an Edgar Award for writer Paul Brown for Best Episode in a TV Series. Comic book sequel. The character Stephanie Heywood was featured in \"Up Against a Stonewall\", the ninth issue of the \"Quantum Leap\" comic book. Sam leaps into Stephanie on June 22, 1969, as she is being released from prison for causing Hilla's death. She has continued to develop her photography skills and has secured a patron and a job as a fashion photographer in New York City. Her first model, Clarice, turns out to be a drag queen named Clement." ], "support": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ] }	{ "mapped_id": "b713eea8-9661-4e71-aa89-fa82ee438163", "doc_name": "A Good Heart", "doc_chunk": "\"A Good Heart\" is a song written by Maria McKee and recorded by Northern Irish singer Feargal Sharkey, released as the first single from his self-titled debut album. It was released in September 1985 and became a number-one hit in the United Kingdom, Australia, Belgium, Ireland, and the Netherlands. Background. Written by then-Lone Justice frontwoman Maria McKee about her relationship with Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers keyboard player Benmont Tench and produced by the Eurythmics' David A. Stewart, this was former Undertones singer Feargal Sharkey's third solo single. The song was Sharkey's only number one single and stayed at the top of the UK Singles Chart for two weeks in November 1985. However, it fared less well in the US, peaking at No. 74 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. Sharkey followed up the single with the Tench-written \"You Little Thief\". This song was allegedly about Tench's side of the relationship with McKee. However, Tench denies the song is about McKee. Austin, Texas-based singer-songwriter/guitarist Kris McKay performed a version of the song, featured on the soundtrack for the 1989 Patrick Swayze movie \"Road House\". In 2007, McKee released her own recording of the track on her album \"Late December\". Charts. <templatestyles src=\"Col-begin/styles.css\"/>\nReferences. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "support": 1 }
naturalqa	0b079adb-060d-4d55-9135-c93b793337e6	when did arthur fowler steal the christmas money	Arthur Fowler	[ "1986" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1576392	1	{ "mapped_id": [ "0b079adb-060d-4d55-9135-c93b793337e6", "0b079adb-060d-4d55-9135-c93b793337e6", "0b079adb-060d-4d55-9135-c93b793337e6", "0b079adb-060d-4d55-9135-c93b793337e6", "0b079adb-060d-4d55-9135-c93b793337e6" ], "doc_name": [ "Arthur Fowler", "Arthur Fowler", "Arthur Fowler", "Arthur Fowler", "Arthur Fowler" ], "doc_chunk": [ "Fictional character from the BBC soap opera EastEnders\nArthur Fowler is a fictional character from the BBC soap opera \"EastEnders\", played by Bill Treacher from 1985 to 1996. The father of the Fowler family, Arthur was essentially a good man but made some foolish choices that he always ended up paying dearly for. His storylines involved being bossed to the brink of insanity by his mother-in-law Lou Beale (Anna Wing), an affair with Christine Hewitt (Elizabeth Power), suffering a mental disorder, being sent to prison twice, and eventually dying of a brain haemorrhage in 1996. Storylines. Unemployed Arthur lives in Walford with his wife Pauline (Wendy Richard), their son Mark (David Scarboro and Todd Carty) and daughter Michelle (Susan Tully) and Pauline's mother Lou Beale (Anna Wing). Pauline is pregnant with her third child, and gives birth to a son, Martin Fowler (Jon Peyton Price, James Alexandrou and James Bye). Arthur's greatest pleasure is gardening and he obtains a spot in the local allotment, which he regularly uses as a foil to escape his nagging wife and his equally nagging mother-in-law. Over the years Arthur finds a steady stream of odd jobs to keep him occupied. He works for Tony Carpenter (Oscar James) as a carpenter's helper, deliveryman and as a road sweeper in the market. For a brief period in 1986, he is also employed by Walford Cleaning Services to clean the local schools. Lou dies in 1988.", "Arthur initially has a distant relationship with Mark and is unable to keep him in check when he turns to crime in his late teens. Arthur's lack of employment becomes a huge problem for him in 1986 when his daughter, Michelle, announces her engagement to Lofty Holloway (Tom Watt). Desperate to give his daughter a wedding that the family can be proud of, Arthur decides to take money from the Walford residents' Christmas Club savings scheme that he has been running, telling the community he got the money from his cousin Doreen, who had emigrated. However, with Christmas fast approaching, Arthur realises that he will have to do something to explain the lack of money in the account to everyone that contributed. Arthur announces to the members that he has withdrawn the money, then stages a fake burglary at his house and tells the police that the Christmas Club money has been stolen. However, Arthur's attempts to make the robbery look legitimate fail, and the police soon realise that Arthur is the culprit. When questioned by the police, he confesses and after his arrest he becomes severely morose, withdrawn and depressed. This culminates in Arthur finally having a nervous breakdown on Christmas Day and smashing his living room in a violent rage. By early 1987, Arthur has become so despondent that he is admitted to hospital. He returns the following spring to stand trial for the theft of the Christmas Club money. Despite Arthur having the whole community behind him, he is sent to prison for 28 days. After his release, he makes things worse by borrowing money from a loan shark.", "Mark returns in 1990 and announces on Christmas Day the following year that he is HIV positive. Arthur has a difficult time accepting his son's illness and his lack of education concerning HIV leads him to react in trepidation. Mark eventually helps him come to terms with his status, and he and Arthur enjoy a close relationship in the following years. In 1991, Arthur starts his own gardening business and is awarded a contract to maintain the Albert Square gardens. This leads to Arthur being employed by lonely divorcee Christine Hewitt (Elizabeth Power). Christine and Arthur soon become friends and Christine becomes Arthur's assistant. In May, Pauline goes to New Zealand to care for her brother, Kenny (Michael Attwell), who has been in a car accident. In Pauline's absence, Christine becomes a regular visitor to Albert Square and becomes very fond of Arthur. By Christmas, Arthur and Christine embark on an affair. Christine begins to crave more commitment and when he refuses, she gets a job at Kathy Beale's (Gillian Taylforth) café so she can be as close to him. The affair continues until Kathy sees them kissing and forces a confession from Christine. Faced with the threat that Pauline may find out, Arthur begins to cool their romance. Christine, sensing that she is losing Arthur, becomes emotionally erratic and begins to drink heavily, stalks Arthur around the square and attempts to buy the affections of his youngest son, Martin. This only infuriates Arthur. As a last resort Christine threatens to tell Pauline, unless Arthur tells her about their affair.", "Arthur finally admits the truth to Pauline, but tells her that he wants her and not Christine. Hurt, embarrassed, and angry, Pauline responds by hitting Arthur in the face with a frying pan, throwing a television set at him and then throwing him out of their home. Arthur is forced to move in with his son, Mark, and he spends the rest of the year desperately trying to convince Pauline that it is her he wants. Pauline and Arthur eventually reconcile when he helps her deal with the death of her brother, Pete (Peter Dean). The affair is never allowed to be forgotten, however, particularly when Pauline's relative Nellie Ellis (Elizabeth Kelly) comes to lodge and discovers his escapades. In 1995, Arthur is elected secretary of the allotment committee, and starts raising money to create a new eco-friendly, urban garden, which is named the Flowering Wilderness Fund. Arthur attends a funeral later that year and runs into an old friend, Willy Roper (Michael Tudor-Barnes), who takes a keen interest in Arthur's financial dealings. By the end of the year Arthur has managed to raise twenty thousand pounds for the garden, and this is enough to tempt Willy to crime. Willy was the sole carer of his senile mother, and desperate to get the funds to pay for her placement at a nursing home, he decides to con Arthur into signing the fund money into various accounts, and then leaves Arthur to deal with the consequences when the money is declared missing.", "For a second time, Arthur is faced with a police investigation and with all the evidence stacked against him, he is soon arrested and ends the year behind bars. This is too much for Arthur, who is unable to face the prospect of serving a prison sentence for a crime he didn't commit, and upon his imprisonment he suffers a mental breakdown and refuses any contact with his family. Not content with putting Arthur in prison, Willy spends the beginning of 1996 trying to woo Pauline in his absence, even taking her on holiday to Jersey. However, this proves to be Willy's undoing, after Mark correctly surmises that his real motive is to put the stolen money in an off-shore account under a false name. The evidence continues to stack up when Pauline discovers counterfeit credit cards on Willy. Willy is eventually arrested and charged, and Arthur is cleared. However, before the family can pass on the good news, they are told that Arthur has been involved in a huge prison riot. Arthur is released the next day, but he had received a nasty blow to the head in the riot, although no one realises the seriousness of his injury until it is too late. On 20 May 1996, a few days after his release from prison, Arthur suffers a brain haemorrhage on the allotments, and dies the next day in hospital. Arthur's funeral is delayed pending an inquest, but the jury eventually returns a verdict of accidental death, much to the disgust of Mark and Pauline, who believe that the prison services neglected to seek proper medical help for Arthur." ], "support": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ] }	{ "mapped_id": "0b079adb-060d-4d55-9135-c93b793337e6", "doc_name": "Arthur Fowler", "doc_chunk": "Arthur initially has a distant relationship with Mark and is unable to keep him in check when he turns to crime in his late teens. Arthur's lack of employment becomes a huge problem for him in 1986 when his daughter, Michelle, announces her engagement to Lofty Holloway (Tom Watt). Desperate to give his daughter a wedding that the family can be proud of, Arthur decides to take money from the Walford residents' Christmas Club savings scheme that he has been running, telling the community he got the money from his cousin Doreen, who had emigrated. However, with Christmas fast approaching, Arthur realises that he will have to do something to explain the lack of money in the account to everyone that contributed. Arthur announces to the members that he has withdrawn the money, then stages a fake burglary at his house and tells the police that the Christmas Club money has been stolen. However, Arthur's attempts to make the robbery look legitimate fail, and the police soon realise that Arthur is the culprit. When questioned by the police, he confesses and after his arrest he becomes severely morose, withdrawn and depressed. This culminates in Arthur finally having a nervous breakdown on Christmas Day and smashing his living room in a violent rage. By early 1987, Arthur has become so despondent that he is admitted to hospital. He returns the following spring to stand trial for the theft of the Christmas Club money. Despite Arthur having the whole community behind him, he is sent to prison for 28 days. After his release, he makes things worse by borrowing money from a loan shark.", "support": 1 }
naturalqa	7783cfac-355a-4bb3-86b4-9ab7bf840c79	who is the childhood prodigy who mastered the mandolin	U. Srinivas	[ "Srinivas" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=604259	5	{ "mapped_id": [ "7783cfac-355a-4bb3-86b4-9ab7bf840c79", "7783cfac-355a-4bb3-86b4-9ab7bf840c79", "7783cfac-355a-4bb3-86b4-9ab7bf840c79", "7783cfac-355a-4bb3-86b4-9ab7bf840c79", "7783cfac-355a-4bb3-86b4-9ab7bf840c79" ], "doc_name": [ "U. Srinivas", "U. Srinivas", "U. Srinivas", "U. Srinivas", "U. Srinivas" ], "doc_chunk": [ "Uppalapu Srinivas (28 February 1969 – 19 September 2014) was an Indian mandolin player in Carnatic classical music and composer. Because he was a child prodigy, he was sometimes called the Mozart of classical Indian music. He was awarded the Padma Shri in 1998, by the Government of India. He was also awarded the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award in 2009 given by Sangeet Natak Akademi, which is the National Academy of Music, Dance & Drama, in India. Early life and background. Srinivas was born 28 February 1969, in Palakollu in Andhra Pradesh. At the age of five, he picked up his father U. Satyanarayana's mandolin, after he heard it being played at a concert he attended with his father. Upon realizing the talent of his son, his father, who had studied classical music, bought him a new mandolin, and started teaching him. Guitarist Vasu Rao, introduced seven-year-old Srinivas to western music in 1976. Soon, Satyanarayana's guru, Rudraraju Subbaraju, (disciple of Chembai Vaidyanatha Bhagavathar) who had also taught Srinivas' father and Vasu Rao, recognized the potential of the young Srinivas and started teaching him.", "Since Rudraraju Subbaraju did not know how to play the mandolin, he would just sing pieces from the Carnatic classical repertoire, and U. Srinivas, all of six, would play them on the mandolin, thus developing a phenomenal style of playing entirely his own, and astonishingly, on an instrument that had never been played in the rigorous and difficult Carnatic style before. Soon, the family moved to Chennai, the hotspot of Carnatic music, where most Carnatic musicians live. When Srinivas gave his first performance it led to him being compared to the world's greatest prodigies: \"Some of you have heard or read about exceptionally gifted children, our own Mandolin Srinivas, Sir Yehudi Menuhin, Beethoven, Sir Isaac Newton, Picasso, Madam Curie, the list is endless.\" At a young age he was internationally viewed as the successor to Pandit Ravi Shankar. Career. He made his debut public Carnatic concert performance in 1978 during the Thyagaraja Aradhana festival at Gudivada in Andhra Pradesh. Thereafter, at age eleven, in 1981, he gave his first public concert in Chennai at the Indian Fine Arts Society during the December Music Season, and never looked back. He started off playing the acoustic mandolin, but he later switched to the electric mandolin as he felt it allowed the playing of lengthy, sustained notes - the quintessential component in classical Indian music - in addition to making them clearly audible. George Harrison's favorite piece of Indian music was Mandolin Ecstasy.", "\"It was, like, my dad's favourite album of all time,\" says (Dhani) Harrison. \"U Srinivas is 27 now and still making music. He plays an electric five-string mandolin, he's fantastic...\"\nOver his career, he toured across the world, and collaborated with John McLaughlin, Michael Nyman, and Michael Brook. <templatestyles src=\"Template:Quote_box/styles.css\" />\n\"Collaborating with him \"(U.Srinivas)\" was one of the greatest experiences of my life, and I have played with the greatest\" <br>\n—John McLaughlin, speaking with The Times of India\nHe was the first musician to use the electric mandolin in Carnatic music: he modified the electric western instrument, using five single strings instead of the traditional four doubled strings to suit the Carnatic pitch, raga system, and especially gamakas, or nuanced oscillations. Starting in 1982, he performed regularly during the December season of the prestigious Madras Music Academy, performing there every year except in 2002 - December 23 of each year was a reserved slot for U. Srinivas - the highest accolade. Srinivas performed at age thirteen at the Berlin Jazz Festival. Initially booked to play a half-hour concert after Miles Davis, Srinivas won a standing ovation, and had to play for another hour. \"He's got it in him. He's fantastic,\" said the legendary Don Cherry at the time.", "Guitarist John McLaughlin first heard a tape of this concert by the thirteen-year-old prodigy, and was left very impressed. He played at the Olympic Arts Festival, Barcelona in 1992 and in 1995 recorded a successful fusion album with Michael Brook. When John McLaughlin revived his group Shakti, and renamed it Remember Shakti, in 1997, he asked Srinivas to join the group and tour the world with it, along with other Indian musicians Zakir Hussain, Shankar Mahadevan, and V. Selvaganesh. Srinivas was a leading player of the group. Srinivas toured extensively across the world, in his own right - he played in Australia, Southeast Asia, Southwest Asia, and extensively and frequently across the United States and Canada. His gifted younger brother, U. Rajesh studied with Srinivas for some 27 years and is also an accomplished mandolin player who often accompanied him at concerts during the last 20 years of his life. He also plays jazz and western music, and played the mandolin in the John Mclaughlin album 'Floating Point' which received a Grammy nomination in the Best Contemporary Jazz Album Category in 2008. Srinivas and Rajesh have together composed music as well, and, besides Carnatic music, they have extensively worked on the fusion of Carnatic and western music. They also played with the Johannesburg Philharmonic Orchestra, with French electric bass player Dominique Di Piazza, pianist Anil Srinivasan and Stephen Devassy, a pianist from Kerala.", "In 2008, they collaborated again with John Mclaughlin for the album \"Samjanitha\", which also featured Zakir Hussain, Sivamani, and George Brook. Srinivas compared Carnatic music to the Sanskrit language, \"It's the basis, from which spring so many other languages. Carnatic music is here to stay with us and all other music that we play is based on that.\" Over the years, Srinivas recorded over 137 albums, in diverse genres from Carnatic music solos to jugalbandis with Hindustani musicians, and world music. He performed with Western artists such as John McLaughlin, Michael Brook, Trey Gunn, Nigel Kennedy, Nana Vasconcelos, and Michael Nyman, as well as with Hindustani music artists such as Hariprasad Chaurasia and Zakir Hussain, besides Carnatic artists like Vikku Vinayakram and V. Selvaganesh. U. Srinivas started a music school called the Srinivas Institute of World Music (SIOWM) in Chennai, where, since he was barely eighteen, he taught a number of students gratis. Srinivas has trained almost a hundred students worldwide, many of whom have studied with him and U. Rajesh for as long as ten years. U. Rajesh continues teaching their students at the SIOWM. Instrument. Srinivas' first mandolin belonged to his father, a clarinetist. That instrument was a 'standard' Western mandolin; however, he made modifications to suit his playing style over the course of his musical career." ], "support": [ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ] }	{ "mapped_id": "7783cfac-355a-4bb3-86b4-9ab7bf840c79", "doc_name": "U. Srinivas", "doc_chunk": "Uppalapu Srinivas (28 February 1969 – 19 September 2014) was an Indian mandolin player in Carnatic classical music and composer. Because he was a child prodigy, he was sometimes called the Mozart of classical Indian music. He was awarded the Padma Shri in 1998, by the Government of India. He was also awarded the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award in 2009 given by Sangeet Natak Akademi, which is the National Academy of Music, Dance & Drama, in India. Early life and background. Srinivas was born 28 February 1969, in Palakollu in Andhra Pradesh. At the age of five, he picked up his father U. Satyanarayana's mandolin, after he heard it being played at a concert he attended with his father. Upon realizing the talent of his son, his father, who had studied classical music, bought him a new mandolin, and started teaching him. Guitarist Vasu Rao, introduced seven-year-old Srinivas to western music in 1976. Soon, Satyanarayana's guru, Rudraraju Subbaraju, (disciple of Chembai Vaidyanatha Bhagavathar) who had also taught Srinivas' father and Vasu Rao, recognized the potential of the young Srinivas and started teaching him.", "support": 1 }
naturalqa	52168ef1-a665-4dd1-946b-260af532d98b	who sang i love to laugh in mary poppins	I Love to Laugh	[ "\"Uncle Albert\" (Ed Wynn), and \"Bert\" (Dick Van Dyke)" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=7637321	1	{ "mapped_id": [ "52168ef1-a665-4dd1-946b-260af532d98b", "52168ef1-a665-4dd1-946b-260af532d98b", "52168ef1-a665-4dd1-946b-260af532d98b", "52168ef1-a665-4dd1-946b-260af532d98b", "52168ef1-a665-4dd1-946b-260af532d98b" ], "doc_name": [ "I Love to Laugh", "I Love to Laugh", "I Love to Love", "Live, Laugh, Love", "Live, Laugh, Love" ], "doc_chunk": [ "Song by the Sherman Brothers\n\"I Love to Laugh\", also called \"We Love to Laugh\", is a song from Walt Disney's 1964 film \"Mary Poppins\" which was composed by Richard M. Sherman and Robert B. Sherman. The song is sung in the film by \"Uncle Albert\" (Ed Wynn), and \"Bert\" (Dick Van Dyke) as they levitate uncontrollably toward the ceiling, eventually joined by Mary Poppins (Julie Andrews) herself. The premise of the scene, that laughter and happiness cause Uncle Albert (and like-minded visitors) to float into the air, can be seen as a metaphor for the way laughter can \"lighten\" a mood. (Compare Peter Pan's flight power, which is also powered by happy thoughts.) Conversely, thinking of something sad literally brings Albert and his visitors \"down to earth\" again. The song states a case strongly in favor of laughter, even if Mary Poppins appears to disapprove of Uncle Albert's behavior, especially since it not only complicates the task of getting Albert down, but the infectious mood sends Bert and the Banks children into the air as well. A snippet of the song plays again near the end of the film when Mr. Dawes Sr. (Dick Van Dyke) starts laughing from the \"wooden leg named Smith\" joke, and starts floating around the boardroom. It is later stated by his son (Arthur Malet) that he died while laughing.", "The scene is based on the chapter \"Laughing Gas\" in the book \"Mary Poppins\" by P.L. Travers. In the book, Mary's Uncle Albert, also called Mr. Wigg, is said to float because of an excess of \"laughing gas\", although it is clear that the term is not used in the chemical sense. This musical number also appears in the \"Sing-Along Songs\" series of Disney videos, though neither this song nor the Uncle Albert are featured in the 2004 stage musical version. A parody called \"We Love To Smoke\", sung by Julie Kavner as Patty and Selma Bouvier, was intended to be used in the episode \"Simpsoncalifragilisticexpiala(Annoyed Grunt)cious\" of \"The Simpsons\", but was cut from the episode. It appears on the album \"Go Simpsonic with The Simpsons\" as track 49. References. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "\"I Love to Love\" is a song recorded by German Eurodance group La Bouche, released in November 1995 as the fourth and last single of their debut album, \"Sweet Dreams\" (1995). The song achieved a minor success in comparison with \"Be My Lover\" and \"Sweet Dreams\", but made it to number five in Hungary and number six in Australia. On the Eurochart Hot 100, it reached number 37 in February 1996. In Canada, \"I Love to Love\" peaked at number two on the \"RPM\" Dance/Urban chart. The CD maxi's cover features also the title of the fourth track, a cover of \"Forget Me Nots\", another song taken from the same album. \"I Love to Love\" earned a gold record in Australia, with a sale of 35,000 singles. Critical reception. Lynn Dean Ford from \"Indianapolis Star\" described \"I Love to Love\" as a \"pounding dance tune\" in the vein of Snap! and Real McCoy, noting that their \"relentless energy [are] steeped in tension and computerization.\" A1. \"I Love to Love\" (club mix) — 5:54\nA2. \"I Love to Love\" (Doug Laurent mix) — 5:41\nB1. \"Forget Me Nots\" — 6:05\nB2. \"I Love to Love\" — 6:08\nCharts. <templatestyles src=\"Col-begin/styles.css\"/>\nReferences. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "Motivational phrase popular in home decor\n\"Live, Laugh, Love\" is a motivational three-word phrase that became a popular slogan on motivational posters and home decor in the late 2000s and early 2010s. By extension, the saying has also become pejoratively associated with a style of \"basic\" Generation X decor and with what \"Vice\" described as \"speaking-to-the-manager shallowness\". The phrase is an abridged form of the 1904 poem \"Success\" by Bessie Anderson Stanley which begins:\n<templatestyles src=\"Template:Blockquote/styles.css\" />He achieved success who has lived well, laughed often, and loved much\nThis phrase was subsequently popularized by Ann Landers and a 1990 Dear Abby column, where it was misattributed to Ralph Waldo Emerson. Other usages. A similar phrase appears as a lyric in the 1926 song \"When the Red, Red Robin\", most famously recorded by singer, actor, and vaudevillian Al Jolson:\n<templatestyles src=\"Template:Blockquote/styles.css\" />\nAnother similar wording appears in James Joyce's 1939 novel \"Finnegans Wake\":\n<templatestyles src=\"Template:Blockquote/styles.css\" />They lived und laughed ant loved end left.", "A Campaign Address at Boston, Massachusetts by Franklin D. Roosevelt on October 30, 1940, concludes with:\n<templatestyles src=\"Template:Blockquote/styles.css\" />We are free to live and love and laugh. A 1979 episode of \"The Love Boat\" features a female character explaining her philosophy of getting through her troubled marriage as: \"I'm here to live, love and laugh, or words to that effect!\" A similar phrase is used in the poem \"The Villa\" published in the June 1854 issue of \"Blackwood's Magazine\", attributed to \"Trevor\":\n<templatestyles src=\"Template:Blockquote/styles.css\" />\n2010s merchandise. \"Live, Laugh, Love\" and variants on the phrase have appeared on framed posters, wall decals, ornaments, cushions, mugs, bed linen, jewellery and even on coffins. The Live Love Laugh Foundation, a mental health organization in India founded by Deepika Padukone, takes its name from the phrase. \"Vice\" noted that the trend had largely passed by 2020. Google Trends shows that searches for the phrase peaked between 2009 and 2014 in the United States, falling in popularity since then. References. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />" ], "support": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ] }	{ "mapped_id": "52168ef1-a665-4dd1-946b-260af532d98b", "doc_name": "I Love to Laugh", "doc_chunk": "Song by the Sherman Brothers\n\"I Love to Laugh\", also called \"We Love to Laugh\", is a song from Walt Disney's 1964 film \"Mary Poppins\" which was composed by Richard M. Sherman and Robert B. Sherman. The song is sung in the film by \"Uncle Albert\" (Ed Wynn), and \"Bert\" (Dick Van Dyke) as they levitate uncontrollably toward the ceiling, eventually joined by Mary Poppins (Julie Andrews) herself. The premise of the scene, that laughter and happiness cause Uncle Albert (and like-minded visitors) to float into the air, can be seen as a metaphor for the way laughter can \"lighten\" a mood. (Compare Peter Pan's flight power, which is also powered by happy thoughts.) Conversely, thinking of something sad literally brings Albert and his visitors \"down to earth\" again. The song states a case strongly in favor of laughter, even if Mary Poppins appears to disapprove of Uncle Albert's behavior, especially since it not only complicates the task of getting Albert down, but the infectious mood sends Bert and the Banks children into the air as well. A snippet of the song plays again near the end of the film when Mr. Dawes Sr. (Dick Van Dyke) starts laughing from the \"wooden leg named Smith\" joke, and starts floating around the boardroom. It is later stated by his son (Arthur Malet) that he died while laughing.", "support": 1 }
naturalqa	7aa7857c-5544-4fcf-83f1-90a1bacb4791	who sings she ain't worth the whiskey	Ain't Worth the Whiskey	[ "Cole Swindell." ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=44031589	2	{ "mapped_id": [ "7aa7857c-5544-4fcf-83f1-90a1bacb4791", "7aa7857c-5544-4fcf-83f1-90a1bacb4791", "7aa7857c-5544-4fcf-83f1-90a1bacb4791", "7aa7857c-5544-4fcf-83f1-90a1bacb4791", "7aa7857c-5544-4fcf-83f1-90a1bacb4791" ], "doc_name": [ "Ain't Worth the Whiskey", "Ain't Worth the Whiskey", "Ain't Worth the Whiskey", "It Ain't the Whiskey", "The Whiskey Ain't Workin'" ], "doc_chunk": [ "\"Ain't Worth the Whiskey\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Cole Swindell. It was released to country radio in November 2014 as the third single from his self-titled debut album. The song was written by Swindell, Josh Martin, and Adam Sanders. It garnered mixed reviews from critics. \"Ain't Worth the Whiskey\" peaked at number one on the \"Billboard\" Country Airplay chart, giving Swindell his third number-one country hit overall, making him the first male country artist since Darius Rucker in 2009 to send their first three singles to number one. It also charted at numbers three and 43 on the Hot Country Songs and Hot 100 charts respectively. The song was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), and has sold 688,000 copies in that country as of June 2015. The song also charted in Canada at number ten on the Country chart and number 62 on the Canadian Hot 100. It was also certified Gold by Music Canada, denoting sales of over 40,000 units in that country. The accompanying music video was directed by Michael Monaco and features Swindell at a bar giving tribute to a returning U.S. Special Forces soldier from Afghanistan. Critical reception. Vickye Fisher of \"For The Country Record\" gave the song a negative review, criticizing the production and lyrics as well as Swindell's vocals, saying that \"Unfortunately, the genuineness that they're going for with this one falls pretty flat.", "Along with having a very conventional, generic country/pop sound (like 'Lonely') that I find it very difficult to get remotely excited about, it sits in a cheery major key complete with perfect cadences and a feel-good vibe, meaning that any sadness or heartache that might have been conveyed through the lyrics gets completely overthrown.\" \"Taste of Country\" reviewed it positively which stated that \"Ultimately, 'Ain't Worth the Whiskey' is a strong choice for Swindell's third single off his self-titled debut album. It's fun to listen to and everything we love about country music. And who doesn't love a classic tune about moving on … with a good shot of whiskey, of course.\" In 2017, \"Billboard\" contributor Chuck Dauphin put \"Ain't Worth the Whiskey\" at number two on his top 10 list of Swindell's best songs. Music video. The music video was directed by Michael Monaco and premiered in March 2015. Taking place in Nashville at the Silver Dollar Saloon, the video starts out with Swindell entering said bar with a blonde woman, presumed to be his ex, spotting him. Midway through the video, Swindell goes on stage to announce that Kyle Davis, a U.S. Special Forces soldier, has returned from Afghanistan and gives a salute to him by toasting a glass of alcohol. Commercial performance.", "\"Ain't Worth the Whiskey\" first entered the Hot Country Songs chart at number 27 on the album release in February 2014, as well as Bubbling Under Hot 100 chart at number 2, and number 6 on the Country Digital Songs, selling 34,000 copies for the week. In anticipation of the song release as a single, the song entered the Country Airplay chart at number 59 for chart dated October 25, 2014. With increasing airplay, the song eventually debuted on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 for chart dated January 17, 2015. It peaked at number one on the Country Airplay chart and on the Hot 100 at number 43 on the chart date of April 4, 2015. As of June 2015, the single has sold 688,000 copies in the United States. On August 31, 2015, the single was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) for sales of over a million digital copies in the United States. Charts. <templatestyles src=\"Col-begin/styles.css\"/>\nReferences. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "\"It Ain't the Whiskey\" is a song written by Greg Barnhill, Jim Daddario and Cole Deggs, and recorded by American country music singer Gary Allan. It is the third and final single from his 2013 album \"Set You Free\". To date, this is Allan's final top 40 single. Content. The song is a ballad with a \"gnawing guitar solo and steel\" that takes place at an Alcoholics Anonymous meeting. In it, the male narrator states that his life problems are not caused by substance abuse, but rather by a lost love. Critical reception. Billy Dukes of Taste of Country wrote that \"After two uplifting singles, Gary Allan has become the dark, heartbroken and wretched singer his fans have loved for over a decade. ‘It Ain’t the Whiskey’ is his bread and butter, and the singer sounds better than ever on this highlight from the ‘Set You Free’ album.\" Joseph Hudak of \"Country Weekly\" rated it \"A\", saying that \"Yet for all of the intrinsic sadness of the lyrics…and the hypnotic production, the song doesn’t plod or bore. Rather, it captivates.\" Music video. The song's music video was released in December 2013. It is shot in black-and-white, and alternates between shots of Allan performing the song with his band, and shots of him portraying a character \"who has lost love\". References. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "\"The Whiskey Ain't Workin'\" is a song recorded by American country music artists Travis Tritt and Marty Stuart. It was released in November 1991 as the third single from Tritt's album \"It's All About to Change\". It peaked at number two on the \"Billboard\" country music chart in the United States, and at number four on the country singles chart in Canada. The song was written by Stuart and Ronny Scaife. The song won both artists the Grammy Award for Best Country Collaboration with Vocals at the 356h Annual Grammy Awards in 1992. Music video. The music video is directed by Gerry Wenner. In it, Tritt and Stuart are at a bar and they wind up going to jail, but are bailed out by a woman who was also at the bar. Personnel. Compiled from liner notes. References. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />" ], "support": [ 1, 1, 0, 0, 0 ] }	{ "mapped_id": "7aa7857c-5544-4fcf-83f1-90a1bacb4791", "doc_name": "Ain't Worth the Whiskey", "doc_chunk": "\"Ain't Worth the Whiskey\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Cole Swindell. It was released to country radio in November 2014 as the third single from his self-titled debut album. The song was written by Swindell, Josh Martin, and Adam Sanders. It garnered mixed reviews from critics. \"Ain't Worth the Whiskey\" peaked at number one on the \"Billboard\" Country Airplay chart, giving Swindell his third number-one country hit overall, making him the first male country artist since Darius Rucker in 2009 to send their first three singles to number one. It also charted at numbers three and 43 on the Hot Country Songs and Hot 100 charts respectively. The song was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), and has sold 688,000 copies in that country as of June 2015. The song also charted in Canada at number ten on the Country chart and number 62 on the Canadian Hot 100. It was also certified Gold by Music Canada, denoting sales of over 40,000 units in that country. The accompanying music video was directed by Michael Monaco and features Swindell at a bar giving tribute to a returning U.S. Special Forces soldier from Afghanistan. Critical reception. Vickye Fisher of \"For The Country Record\" gave the song a negative review, criticizing the production and lyrics as well as Swindell's vocals, saying that \"Unfortunately, the genuineness that they're going for with this one falls pretty flat.", "support": 1 }
naturalqa	83a57c76-0af4-48fb-9b1e-d5b15c3fa54f	when did mario kart come out on wii	Mario Kart Wii	[ "April 2008" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12205924	1	{ "mapped_id": [ "83a57c76-0af4-48fb-9b1e-d5b15c3fa54f", "83a57c76-0af4-48fb-9b1e-d5b15c3fa54f", "83a57c76-0af4-48fb-9b1e-d5b15c3fa54f", "83a57c76-0af4-48fb-9b1e-d5b15c3fa54f", "83a57c76-0af4-48fb-9b1e-d5b15c3fa54f" ], "doc_name": [ "Mario Kart Wii", "Mario Kart Wii", "Mario Kart Wii", "Mario Kart Wii", "Mario Kart Wii" ], "doc_chunk": [ "2008 video game\n is a 2008 kart racing game developed and published by Nintendo for the Wii. It is the sixth installment in the \"Mario Kart\" series, and was released in April 2008. Like its previous installments, \"Mario Kart Wii\" incorporates playable characters from the \"Mario\" series, who participate in races on 32 different race tracks using specialized items to hinder opponents or gain advantages. The game features multiple single-player and multiplayer game modes including two- to four-person split screen. Online multiplayer was supported until the discontinuation of Nintendo Wi-Fi Connection in May 2014. \"Mario Kart Wii\" uses the Wii Remote's motion-controls to provide intuitive and conventional steering controls. Each copy of the game was bundled with the Wii Wheel accessory to augment this feature and mimic a steering wheel. The game received positive reviews upon release, with praise for the online mode, coupled with its characters, innovative gameplay, tracks, and karts, but received criticism for its item balancing and rubber-band difficulty adjustment. The game sold over 37 million copies, making it the second best-selling \"Mario Kart\" game after \"Mario Kart 8 Deluxe\" and one of the best-selling video games of all time. Gameplay. \"Mario Kart Wii\" is a kart racing game featuring single-player and multiplayer modes. The players control one of many selectable \"Mario\" franchise characters and participate in races or battles using go-karts or bikes on courses thematically based on locations from the \"Mario\" franchise.", "During gameplay, the player views the action from a third-person perspective that tracks the player from behind their kart. \"Mario Kart Wii\" supports four different control schemes. The primary control scheme is the Wii Remote, optionally used in conjunction with the plastic Wii Wheel accessory, which uses the controller's motion-controls to simulate operating a steering wheel. The other supported control schemes are the Wii Remote with the Nunchuk attachment; the Classic Controller; and the GameCube controller. While driving, the player collects power-ups from item boxes placed in various points on the track. These power-ups allow the player to attack opponents, causing them to slow down or spin out of control; defend against such attacks; or gain boosts in speed. These include the series staple items, such as the Mushroom, Koopa Shell projectiles, the Super Star, banana peels and lightning bolts, as well as new items such as the Mega Mushroom and POW Block. \"Mario Kart Wii\" features 24 playable characters from the \"Mario\" series, the largest roster of any \"Mario Kart\" game until the release of \"Mario Kart 8\" in 2014. The game features characters who have appeared in previous installments, including Mario, Luigi, Princess Peach, Yoshi, Toad, Donkey Kong, and Bowser, in addition to characters such as Rosalina, Funky Kong, and Dry Bowser who are playable for the first time.", "Unlike \"Mario Kart DS\", where characters can drive a kart exclusive to that character and the standard go-kart, each character is assigned to one of three different weight classes, which affects the selection of vehicles the character can drive. In addition to this, \"Mario Kart Wii\" uses two different classes of vehicles, Karts and Bikes, with the latter being a new addition to the series. Bikes were also subdivided further into two categories: regular and sports bikes, with sports bikes featuring an alternate drift type known as inside drifting. Mii characters saved in the console's Mii Channel are also playable. Thirty-six vehicles are available in \"Mario Kart Wii\", each of which has different properties that affect how the vehicle handles while driving. Half the characters and vehicles are initially unavailable to the player; certain objectives must be completed to unlock each one. For example, the Jetsetter (also known as the Aero Glider in PAL regions) must be unlocked by earning a one-star rank or higher on all 150cc Retro Cups in Grand Prix mode. The game features eight cups—sets of four different tracks—for a total of 32 unique tracks. Like its predecessor \"Mario Kart DS\", \"Mario Kart Wii\" has 16 new courses and 16 courses from prior \"Mario Kart\" games. \"Mario Kart Wii\" features multiple game modes: Grand Prix, Time Trials, Versus, and Battle. All modes support single-player gameplay; Versus and Battle support local multiplayer for up to four players, with or without computer-controlled players.", "In Grand Prix, the player participates in four three-lap races from one of eight cups against eleven opponents. The player is awarded points at the end of each race based on their ranking. The total number of points collected, among other factors, determines the player's overall rank. Versus mode is similar to Grand Prix, but the presented courses and items are configurable. In Time Trials, the player must quickly complete the race in the fastest time possible—there are no opponents or items except for three Mushrooms given at the start of each race. The player can compete against a ghost character, which mimics a player's movements from an earlier race. Ghost data can be saved in the Wii console memory. Battle mode is similar to that seen in previous installments in which players drive around an enclosed arena and attack each other using items. The players are divided into two teams, red and blue, and teammates cannot harm each other with their items. There are two variants of Battle mode available: Balloon Battle and Coin Runners. In Balloon Battle, each player's kart has three attached balloons. A player gains a point each time they pop or steal a balloon belonging to an opposing team player but loses a point each time they lose all balloons. In Coin Runners, the players collect coins scattered throughout the arena and attack opposing team members to make them drop coins. The team that has accumulated the most points or coins total when the three-minute time limit expires wins. There are ten arena courses available for Battle mode, which include five original courses and five retro courses.", "Online play via Nintendo Wi-Fi Connection was available until its discontinuation on May 20, 2014. Versus and Battle modes were available and supported up to 12 participants, and up to two players could connect and play from the same Wii console. Players could compete against random players from within the same region or from any continent, or could compete only against players registered as friends. At the end of each race or match, each player's VR (versus rating) or BR (battle rating) would change based on their final ranking. The Mario Kart Channel also offered additional online information, including regional or worldwide rankings for Time Trials, and monthly Nintendo-sponsored tournaments with special objectives. Development. \"Mario Kart Wii\" is the sixth game in the \"Mario Kart\" series, following \"Mario Kart DS\". Hideki Konno, who worked with the Software Development Department of Nintendo's Entertainment Analysis & Development (EAD) division and had previously worked on the first two \"Mario Kart\" games as well as \"Mario Kart DS\", served as the game's producer. Shigeru Miyamoto acted as \"General Producer\" and gave miscellaneous advice on various aspects of the game. Features cut from \"Mario Kart DS\" due to time constraints were implemented in \"Mario Kart Wii\" alongside various improvements to online play. The developers also wanted to avoid online races becoming more deserted as they progressed, thus altering the online matchmaking to allow players to join a race once it is finished for participation in the next one." ], "support": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ] }	{ "mapped_id": "83a57c76-0af4-48fb-9b1e-d5b15c3fa54f", "doc_name": "Mario Kart Wii", "doc_chunk": "2008 video game\n is a 2008 kart racing game developed and published by Nintendo for the Wii. It is the sixth installment in the \"Mario Kart\" series, and was released in April 2008. Like its previous installments, \"Mario Kart Wii\" incorporates playable characters from the \"Mario\" series, who participate in races on 32 different race tracks using specialized items to hinder opponents or gain advantages. The game features multiple single-player and multiplayer game modes including two- to four-person split screen. Online multiplayer was supported until the discontinuation of Nintendo Wi-Fi Connection in May 2014. \"Mario Kart Wii\" uses the Wii Remote's motion-controls to provide intuitive and conventional steering controls. Each copy of the game was bundled with the Wii Wheel accessory to augment this feature and mimic a steering wheel. The game received positive reviews upon release, with praise for the online mode, coupled with its characters, innovative gameplay, tracks, and karts, but received criticism for its item balancing and rubber-band difficulty adjustment. The game sold over 37 million copies, making it the second best-selling \"Mario Kart\" game after \"Mario Kart 8 Deluxe\" and one of the best-selling video games of all time. Gameplay. \"Mario Kart Wii\" is a kart racing game featuring single-player and multiplayer modes. The players control one of many selectable \"Mario\" franchise characters and participate in races or battles using go-karts or bikes on courses thematically based on locations from the \"Mario\" franchise.", "support": 1 }
naturalqa	13fb1195-c1a2-477f-9955-5da19c130422	who wrote in the heart of the night	Heart of the Night (song)	[ "Paul Cotton" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=38171913	1	{ "mapped_id": [ "13fb1195-c1a2-477f-9955-5da19c130422", "13fb1195-c1a2-477f-9955-5da19c130422", "13fb1195-c1a2-477f-9955-5da19c130422", "13fb1195-c1a2-477f-9955-5da19c130422", "13fb1195-c1a2-477f-9955-5da19c130422" ], "doc_name": [ "Heart of the Night (song)", "Heart of the Night (song)", "Heart of the Night (song)", "Heart of the Night", "Song of the Heart" ], "doc_chunk": [ "\"Heart of the Night\" is a song on the 1978 album release by the country-rock group Poco entitled \"Legend\"; the 1979 hit single is also featured on the group retrospective \"20th Century Masters\", as well as \"The Essential Poco\". Background. The song's lead vocalist and composer Paul Cotton would describe \"Heart of the Night\" as a song which \"kind of wrote itself...in twenty minutes\", being \"inspired by my love and lust for New Orleans\", a city Cotton had previously focused on \"Down in the Quarter\" (album \"Head Over Heels\"/ 1975); Cotton has also stated that he wrote \"Break of Hearts\" (album \"Ghost Town\"/ 1982) as a followup to \"Heart of the Night\" (although \"Break of Hearts\" contains no regional references). Cotton, born in Alabama but raised in Chicago, would aver: : \"I'm just drawn to the South. Hey, I spent 25 winters in Chicago.\" \"Heart of the Night\" is highlighted by an alto sax solo by Phil Kenzie who had similarly and memorably contributed to the Al Stewart 1976-77 hit \"Year of the Cat\": Kenzie had become acquainted with Cotton and Young as a result of Kenzie's playing behind Al Stewart during the 1977 \"Year of the Cat\" tour which featured Poco as opening act. Two other members of Al Stewart's tour band, drummer Steve Chapman and bassist Charlie Harrison, also played on the sessions for the \"Legend\" album.", "() \"Steve Chapman, right after we rehearsed ['Heart of the Night'] in the studio, said 'Man, that’s going to be a big hit.'\" In 1978, with Poco seemingly disbanded, Cotton and Rusty Young \"got a little rehearsal hall, put together a band, and played [several songs including] 'Crazy Love' and 'Heart of the Night'\" for ABC Records executives who okayed Cotton and Young recording an album as the Cotton-Young Band; however by the time the album - recorded at Crystal City Studios (Los Angeles) between April and August 1978 - had been completed ABC had decided to issue it as a new Poco album, a decision which effectively promoted Steve Chapman and Charlie Harrison from being one-off session players to tenured members of Poco. Reception. \"Cash Box\" said that it has \"the same easy, country-pop feeling\" as \"Crazy Love\" and that the pedal steel guitar playing and \"lightly twanging vocals\" add \"distinctive Poco character.\" \"Record World\" said that it \"builds in emotion and intensity featuring sensitive vocals, soaring steel and standout rhythm section.\" Chart performance. The album \"Legend\" was released in November 1978 with the lead single \"Crazy Love\" released in January 1979 to become Poco's first Top 40 hit. \"Heart of the Night\" was issued as the second single from \"Legend\" in May 1979, reaching a Hot 100 peak of #20. \"Billboard\" ranked \"Heart of the Night\" as a #5 Easy Listening hit.", "The track also appeared on the C&W chart at #96. In Canada \"Heart of the Night\" peaked at #18. Other performances. A live performance by Poco of \"Heart of the Night\" appears on the November 1979 multi-artist album \"\" which contains selections from the September 1979 Madison Square Garden concerts by Musicians United for Safe Energy. A live rendition of \"Heart of the Night\" - featuring sax player Phil Kenzie from the original recording - is also featured on the 2004 Poco concert album \"Keeping the Legend Alive\" recorded May 20, 2004 at the Belcourt Theatre in Nashville. References. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "Heart of the Night is the nineteenth album by the American jazz group Spyro Gyra, released in 1996 by GRP Records. Personnel. Spyro Gyra\nAdditional personnel\nReferences. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "Song of the Heart may refer to:\nTopics referred to by the same term\n<templatestyles src=\"Dmbox/styles.css\" />\n This page lists associated with the title ." ], "support": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ] }	{ "mapped_id": "13fb1195-c1a2-477f-9955-5da19c130422", "doc_name": "Heart of the Night (song)", "doc_chunk": "\"Heart of the Night\" is a song on the 1978 album release by the country-rock group Poco entitled \"Legend\"; the 1979 hit single is also featured on the group retrospective \"20th Century Masters\", as well as \"The Essential Poco\". Background. The song's lead vocalist and composer Paul Cotton would describe \"Heart of the Night\" as a song which \"kind of wrote itself...in twenty minutes\", being \"inspired by my love and lust for New Orleans\", a city Cotton had previously focused on \"Down in the Quarter\" (album \"Head Over Heels\"/ 1975); Cotton has also stated that he wrote \"Break of Hearts\" (album \"Ghost Town\"/ 1982) as a followup to \"Heart of the Night\" (although \"Break of Hearts\" contains no regional references). Cotton, born in Alabama but raised in Chicago, would aver: : \"I'm just drawn to the South. Hey, I spent 25 winters in Chicago.\" \"Heart of the Night\" is highlighted by an alto sax solo by Phil Kenzie who had similarly and memorably contributed to the Al Stewart 1976-77 hit \"Year of the Cat\": Kenzie had become acquainted with Cotton and Young as a result of Kenzie's playing behind Al Stewart during the 1977 \"Year of the Cat\" tour which featured Poco as opening act. Two other members of Al Stewart's tour band, drummer Steve Chapman and bassist Charlie Harrison, also played on the sessions for the \"Legend\" album.", "support": 1 }
naturalqa	120c9ac6-98af-4f79-8b15-7322d8dd0dc4	what was bill cosby's job in the cosby show	Cliff Huxtable	[ "doctor" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=46220147	1	{ "mapped_id": [ "120c9ac6-98af-4f79-8b15-7322d8dd0dc4", "120c9ac6-98af-4f79-8b15-7322d8dd0dc4", "120c9ac6-98af-4f79-8b15-7322d8dd0dc4", "120c9ac6-98af-4f79-8b15-7322d8dd0dc4", "120c9ac6-98af-4f79-8b15-7322d8dd0dc4" ], "doc_name": [ "Cliff Huxtable", "Cliff Huxtable", "Cliff Huxtable", "Cliff Huxtable", "Huxtable" ], "doc_chunk": [ "Fictional character from “The Cosby Show”\nDr. Heathcliff Huxtable is a fictional character and the protagonist of the NBC sitcom \"The Cosby Show,\" which aired from 1984 to 1992. He was portrayed by actor and comedian Bill Cosby and appeared in all 201 episodes of the show. Cliff is the Huxtable family patriarch who is very goofy and silly to most people around him, especially his family. At his core, he is a very kind and gentle man and an extremely dedicated father with a strong sense of humor. Although he and his wife fostered a tight-knit, loving family, a running gag throughout the series is his thwarted attempts to get the grown children to leave the house. The character had a mostly positive reception from critics, and was named as the \"Greatest Television Dad\". Cosby's portrayal of Cliff Huxtable caused him to gain a reputation as \"America's Dad\". He was frequently shown wearing colourful sweaters. Conception and development. Cosby proposed that the couple should both have blue-collar jobs, with the father a limousine driver, who owned his own car, and the mother an electrician but, with advice from his wife, Camille Cosby, the concept was changed so that the family was well-off financially, with the mother a lawyer and the father a doctor. Role. Dr. Heathcliff \"Cliff\" Huxtable is known for his comical antics, playful admonishments, and relentless teasing humor. He lives in Brooklyn Heights, New York.", "He was born in October 1937 in Philadelphia, making him 47 years old at the beginning of the series. Cliff had a brother, James Theodore Huxtable, who died of rheumatic fever at the age of 7. In his high school and college years, he was an athlete who wrestled, played football, and ran track. He later served in the U.S. Navy before going to medical school. He is an OB/GYN who runs a practice from the office annexed to his home. In the show, most characters outside of family and friends refer to him as \"Dr. Huxtable\", and he is well-respected in the community. Cliff is married to Clair Huxtable. Both Cliff and Clair attended the fictional historically black college Hillman College. Together, they have five children: Sondra, Denise, Theodore (Theo), Vanessa, and Rudith (Rudy). Cliff enjoys live jazz, has an extensive collection of albums, and tries to eat junk food whenever he can get away with it. He attended Meharry Medical College in Nashville, Tennessee. Cliff is very eccentric and silly to most people around him, especially his family. At his core, he is a very kind and gentle man and an extremely dedicated father with a strong sense of humor. Although he and his wife fostered a tight-knit, loving family, a running gag throughout the series is his thwarted attempts to get the grown children to leave the house.", "Even when he succeeded at this, more issues would come, such as Sondra finally leaving to marry her husband Elvin, only to move into a squalid tenement (albeit with Cliff's full support as he and Clair struggled in the early years of their marriage), or Denise marrying a Navy officer with a child from a prior marriage, and Cliff now acclimating to a blended family. Very playful, Cliff enjoys competition, often making bets with Clair over various things, such as the date a certain jazz song was released, or having a \"Smooth Contest\" to see which of them looked more elegant for a night on the town, as judged by the children. He also plays a monthly game of pinochle against his father and some friends, which sometimes gets very passionate. Unfortunately, Cliff often finds himself on the losing end of most of his bets and games, as, for example, he has never beaten his father-in-law at chess. However, Cliff eventually broke his losing streak at pinochle against his father and his friend Homer Dobson with the help of Dr. Foster (portrayed by Roscoe Lee Browne), an expert pinochle player who also happened to be his and Clair's literary professor at Hillman College. In the first episode, Cliff's first name was Clifford, but later was changed to Heathcliff. However, in one episode, the show tries to resolve the discrepancy by having Clair call him \"Heathclifford\" as his full first name. Reception. Bill Cosby's role as Cliff Huxtable has had a mostly positive reception from critics.", "The character also inspired Dr. Hibbert in \"The Simpsons\". References. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "Huxtable is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:\nFictional characters. <templatestyles src=\"Dmbox/styles.css\" />\n Surname listThis page lists people with the surname Huxtable." ], "support": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ] }	{ "mapped_id": "120c9ac6-98af-4f79-8b15-7322d8dd0dc4", "doc_name": "Cliff Huxtable", "doc_chunk": "Fictional character from “The Cosby Show”\nDr. Heathcliff Huxtable is a fictional character and the protagonist of the NBC sitcom \"The Cosby Show,\" which aired from 1984 to 1992. He was portrayed by actor and comedian Bill Cosby and appeared in all 201 episodes of the show. Cliff is the Huxtable family patriarch who is very goofy and silly to most people around him, especially his family. At his core, he is a very kind and gentle man and an extremely dedicated father with a strong sense of humor. Although he and his wife fostered a tight-knit, loving family, a running gag throughout the series is his thwarted attempts to get the grown children to leave the house. The character had a mostly positive reception from critics, and was named as the \"Greatest Television Dad\". Cosby's portrayal of Cliff Huxtable caused him to gain a reputation as \"America's Dad\". He was frequently shown wearing colourful sweaters. Conception and development. Cosby proposed that the couple should both have blue-collar jobs, with the father a limousine driver, who owned his own car, and the mother an electrician but, with advice from his wife, Camille Cosby, the concept was changed so that the family was well-off financially, with the mother a lawyer and the father a doctor. Role. Dr. Heathcliff \"Cliff\" Huxtable is known for his comical antics, playful admonishments, and relentless teasing humor. He lives in Brooklyn Heights, New York.", "support": 1 }
naturalqa	09db4ed5-5a50-4183-b18e-9bea5e40ab48	how many eiffel towers are there in the world	Eiffel Tower replicas and derivatives	[ "over 50" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31655286	1	{ "mapped_id": [ "09db4ed5-5a50-4183-b18e-9bea5e40ab48", "09db4ed5-5a50-4183-b18e-9bea5e40ab48", "09db4ed5-5a50-4183-b18e-9bea5e40ab48", "09db4ed5-5a50-4183-b18e-9bea5e40ab48", "09db4ed5-5a50-4183-b18e-9bea5e40ab48" ], "doc_name": [ "Eiffel Tower replicas and derivatives", "Stonehenge replicas and derivatives", "Stonehenge replicas and derivatives", "Stonehenge replicas and derivatives", "Noah's Ark replicas and derivatives" ], "doc_chunk": [ "As one of the most iconic and recognizable structures in the world, the Eiffel Tower, completed in 1889, has been the inspiration for the creation of over 50 similar towers around the world. Most are not exact replicas, though there are many that resemble it closely, while others look slightly different. The Eiffel Tower has also inspired other towers that are not close resembling replicas and therefore are not listed here, for example the Blackpool Tower. Replicas of known height. The tower is tall. Other Eiffel-inspired towers are listed in the table in descending order of scale and height, imperial measurements rounded to the nearest foot:\nReplicas of unknown height. Image gallery. These replicas are of unknown height. See also: Media related to at Wikimedia Commons\nReferences. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "This is a list of Stonehenge replicas and derivatives that seeks to collect all the non-ephemeral examples together. The fame of the prehistoric monument of Stonehenge in England has led to many efforts to recreate it, using a variety of different materials, around the world. Some have been carefully built as astronomically aligned models whilst others have been examples of artistic expression or tourist attractions. Other replicas. The rock band Black Sabbath had a Stonehenge stage set for the 1983–1984 \"Born Again\" tour that ended up being too large to fit in most venues. This was parodied in the film \"This is Spinal Tap\", when the band orders a Stonehenge set but it arrives in miniature due to a confusion between feet and inches. In 1984, US artist Richard Fleischner constructed an abstract Stonehenge-like series of granite blocks at the University of California, San Diego as part of the Stuart Collection called The La Jolla Project. It is affectionately known as \"Stonehenge\" by students and faculty. In 2005, the archaeological television programme \"Time Team\" created a replica of a timber circle located near Woodhenge as part of the Stonehenge Riverside Project. In February 2010, Peter Salisbury, founder of the Michigan Druids, created a 1/3 scale replica of Stonehenge, made of snow, at the MacKay Jaycees Family Park in Grand Rapids, Michigan. It was named Snowhenge.", "Muchołapka, a 10 metres tall dodecagonal concrete ring structure with a diameter of 30 metres, which was built during World War II near Ludwikowice Kłodzkie, Lower Silesia, Poland, is nicknamed \"Hitler's Stonehenge\". It was presumably the base of a cooling tower, but some people claim it was built for testing advanced aircraft. Comparable archaeological sites. A henge near Stonehenge containing concentric rings of postholes for standing timbers, discovered in 1922, was named Woodhenge by its excavators because of similarities with Stonehenge. The name woodhenge is also used for a series of timber circles found at the Native American site of Cahokia (Cahokia Woodhenge). The timber Seahenge in Norfolk was named as such by journalists writing about its discovery in 1998. In November 2004, a circle of postholes in diameter was found in Russia and publicised as the Russian Stonehenge. Other prehistoric sites elsewhere, often also with proposed astronomical alignments, are often described by journalists as being that region's '\"answer to Stonehenge\". In May 2006, reports emerged of an \"Amazon Stonehenge\" Calçoene, 390 kilometres from Macapá, the capital of Amapá state, near Brazil's border with French Guiana. It comprises 127 stones, possibly forming astronomical observing points. America's Stonehenge is an unrelated and controversial site in the U.S. state of New Hampshire. References.", "<templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "Numerous interpretations of Noah's Ark have been built and proposed. Some were intended to be replicas, as close as possible to the Biblical Ark, the builders assuming that such a boat did exist and that it is not a mythological vessel. Others are looser derivatives which were inspired by the idea. The Biblical description of the Ark is brief, beyond the basic measures of length, height and width, and the exact design of any \"replica\" must largely be a matter of conjecture. Some interpret the Ark as simply a chest-like structure with rectangular sides; other reconstructions (like Ark Encounter) give it a rounded bow and stern. Full-scale. The Bible gives the length of the ark as 300 cubits. Various cubits were in use in antiquity, but to be considered \"full-scale\", an Ark replica would have to be somewhere in the range from about 135 to upward of 150 meters long (ca. 440 to 500+ feet). References. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />" ], "support": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ] }	{ "mapped_id": "09db4ed5-5a50-4183-b18e-9bea5e40ab48", "doc_name": "Eiffel Tower replicas and derivatives", "doc_chunk": "As one of the most iconic and recognizable structures in the world, the Eiffel Tower, completed in 1889, has been the inspiration for the creation of over 50 similar towers around the world. Most are not exact replicas, though there are many that resemble it closely, while others look slightly different. The Eiffel Tower has also inspired other towers that are not close resembling replicas and therefore are not listed here, for example the Blackpool Tower. Replicas of known height. The tower is tall. Other Eiffel-inspired towers are listed in the table in descending order of scale and height, imperial measurements rounded to the nearest foot:\nReplicas of unknown height. Image gallery. These replicas are of unknown height. See also: Media related to at Wikimedia Commons\nReferences. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "support": 1 }
naturalqa	05268f7e-1589-4217-bfff-596a72e4ac96	where does the san fermin festival take place	San Fermín	[ "Pamplona, Navarre, Spain" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=64267614	1	{ "mapped_id": [ "05268f7e-1589-4217-bfff-596a72e4ac96", "05268f7e-1589-4217-bfff-596a72e4ac96", "05268f7e-1589-4217-bfff-596a72e4ac96", "05268f7e-1589-4217-bfff-596a72e4ac96", "05268f7e-1589-4217-bfff-596a72e4ac96" ], "doc_name": [ "San Fermín", "San Fermín (Madrid)", "Fermín", "Festival of San Fermín", "Festival of San Fermín" ], "doc_chunk": [ "San Fermín or San Fermin may refer to:\nSee also. Topics referred to by the same term\n<templatestyles src=\"Dmbox/styles.css\" />\n This page lists associated with the title .", "Ward of Madrid, Spain\nSan Fermín is a ward (\"barrio\") of Madrid belonging to the district of Usera.", "Fermín or Fermin may refer to:\nSee also. Topics referred to by the same term\n<templatestyles src=\"Dmbox/styles.css\" />\n This page lists associated with the title .", "Annual festival in Pamplona, Spain\nThe festival of San Fermín is a week-long, traditional celebration held annually in the city of Pamplona, Navarre, Spain. The celebrations start at noon on 6 July and continue until midnight on 14 July. A firework (\"chupinazo\") starts the celebrations and the popular song \"Pobre de mí \" is sung at the end. The most known event of the festival is the running of the bulls, which begins at 8 am each day on 7–14 July, but the festival involves many other traditional and folkloric events. It is known locally as Sanfermines in Spanish and Sanferminak in Basque and is held in honour of Saint Fermin, the co-patron of Navarre. History. Saint Fermín. Fermín is said to have been the son of a Roman of senatorial rank in Pamplona in the 3rd century who was converted to Christianity by Saint Honestus, a disciple of Saint Saturninus. According to tradition, he was baptised by Saturninus (in Navarre, also known as Saint Cernin) at the spot now known as the \"Small Well of Saint Cernin\". Fermín returned to Pamplona as its first bishop. On a later preaching voyage, Fermín was dragged to death; and is now considered a martyr in the Catholic Church. It is believed that he died on September 25, AD 303. There is no written record of veneration of the Saint in Pamplona until the 12th century. The celebration of the festival has its origins in the combination of two different medieval events.", "Commercial secular fairs were held at the beginning of the summer. As cattle merchants came into town with their animals, eventually bullfighting came to be organised as a part of the tradition. Specifically, they were first documented in the 14th century. On the other hand, religious ceremonies honouring the saint were held on October 10. However, in 1591, they were transferred to July 7 to take place at the same time as the fair, when Pamplona's weather was better. This is considered to be the beginning of the Sanfermines. During medieval times, the acts included an opening speech, musicians, tournaments, theatre, bullfights, dances or fireworks. Bullrunning appears in 17th and 18th century, together with the presence of foreigners and the first concerns about excessive drinking and dissolute behaviour during the event. Finally, the Parade of Giants was created in the mid-19th century. The first official bullring was constructed in 1844. Modern times. The fame and the number of foreign visitors it receives every year are related to the description in Ernest Hemingway's book \"The Sun Also Rises\" and the reports he made as a journalist. He first visited in 1923 and returned many times until 1959. Televisión Española (TVE) broadcasts the event live nationwide and internationally on television, its official national radio broadcasters are Radio Nacional and Cadena SER. The COVID-19 pandemic caused the festival to be cancelled in 2020 and 2021. One-day events. \"Chupinazo\"." ], "support": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ] }	{ "mapped_id": "05268f7e-1589-4217-bfff-596a72e4ac96", "doc_name": "Festival of San Fermín", "doc_chunk": "Annual festival in Pamplona, Spain\nThe festival of San Fermín is a week-long, traditional celebration held annually in the city of Pamplona, Navarre, Spain. The celebrations start at noon on 6 July and continue until midnight on 14 July. A firework (\"chupinazo\") starts the celebrations and the popular song \"Pobre de mí \" is sung at the end. The most known event of the festival is the running of the bulls, which begins at 8 am each day on 7–14 July, but the festival involves many other traditional and folkloric events. It is known locally as Sanfermines in Spanish and Sanferminak in Basque and is held in honour of Saint Fermin, the co-patron of Navarre. History. Saint Fermín. Fermín is said to have been the son of a Roman of senatorial rank in Pamplona in the 3rd century who was converted to Christianity by Saint Honestus, a disciple of Saint Saturninus. According to tradition, he was baptised by Saturninus (in Navarre, also known as Saint Cernin) at the spot now known as the \"Small Well of Saint Cernin\". Fermín returned to Pamplona as its first bishop. On a later preaching voyage, Fermín was dragged to death; and is now considered a martyr in the Catholic Church. It is believed that he died on September 25, AD 303. There is no written record of veneration of the Saint in Pamplona until the 12th century. The celebration of the festival has its origins in the combination of two different medieval events.", "support": 1 }
naturalqa	9463a750-d1f4-4df3-920c-d6d0aacf012f	who plays jacqueline in the devil wears prada	Stéphanie Szostak	[ "Stéphanie Szostak" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=28255899	1	{ "mapped_id": [ "9463a750-d1f4-4df3-920c-d6d0aacf012f", "9463a750-d1f4-4df3-920c-d6d0aacf012f", "9463a750-d1f4-4df3-920c-d6d0aacf012f", "9463a750-d1f4-4df3-920c-d6d0aacf012f", "9463a750-d1f4-4df3-920c-d6d0aacf012f" ], "doc_name": [ "Stéphanie Szostak", "Szostak", "Wit Szostak", "Stanisław Szostak", "Stanisław Szostak" ], "doc_chunk": [ "French actress (born 1975)\nStéphanie Szostak (born 5 August 1975) is a French actress and author who started her career in the early 2000s. Szostak is best known for having appeared in the films \"The Devil Wears Prada\", \"Dinner for Schmucks\", \"Iron Man 3\", and \"R.I.P.D.\" Szostak starred in the USA Network original drama series \"Satisfaction\" and the ABC series \"A Million Little Things\". Personal life. Szostak was raised in the suburbs of Paris, France. She moved to the United States to study business at the College of William & Mary in Williamsburg, Virginia, where she played on the women's varsity golf team. After graduating with a Bachelor of Science in marketing, she moved to New York City and worked for Chanel in marketing. She then switched to acting after taking acting classes. Szostak married Britt Szostak in 1996; her married surname is Polish. They have two sons together, and reside outside New York City. References. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "Szostak is a gender-neutral Polish surname that may refer to\nSee also. <templatestyles src=\"Dmbox/styles.css\" />\n Surname listThis page lists people with the surname .", "Polish fantasy writer, philosopher and historian\nDobrosław Kot better known by his pen name Wit Szostak (born 1976) is a Polish fantasy writer, philosopher, and historian of Polish music folklore. He has published fourteen novels and numerous short stories. His 2008 short story \"Miasto grobów. Uwertura\" received the Janusz A. Zajdel Award.", "Stanisław Szostak (14 January 1898 – 11 February 1961) was a colonel of the Polish Armoured Corps. He was born in Berazino, today's Belarus, the son of Władysław and Maria Nieciejowska of Hrynica. He was injured in a car accident and died in 1961. He is buried at Brompton Cemetery in London. Russian Revolution and interwar Poland. In 1917, having graduated with distinction (Gold Medal), Stanisław Szostak was enrolled as an officer cadet (junker) in the Nikolayevskoye School of Engineers in Petrograd, Russia. Following the unsuccessful counter-revolutionary Junker mutiny of 29 October 1917 he was imprisoned in the Fortress of Peter and Paul in Petrograd. On 18 December 1917, after his release was negotiated by the Polish Military Committee in Petrograd, Stanisław Szostak joined the Junkers company of the 1st Knights Legion of the 1st Polish Corps. Later, he served with the Officer Cadet Legion within the 1st Corps until 6 June 1918. At the beginning of his tour of service, in January 1918 he took part in the capture of the Bobrujsk fortress occupied by the Bolshevik forces. After the dissolution of the 1st Corps was admitted to study at the Politechnika Warzawska. He, nonetheless, chose to interrupt the studies on 18 December 1918, volunteering to serve with the Bialystok Rifle Regiment of the 1st Lithuanian-Belarusian Division commanded by General Jan Rzadkowski – first as a private he commanding a section, subsequently as a corporal in charge of a platoon.", "During the Polish-Soviet war of 1919–21 he fought on the Lithuanian-Belarusian Front in the regimental technical support company and remained with the regiment until 20 May 1920. From 25 May to 18 August 1920 he was an officer cadet at Infantry Officers School in Warsaw. After completing the course he was assigned to serve with the reserve battalion of the 56 Wielkopolski Infantry Regiment as a platoon commander. On 15 December 1920 Stanislaw Szostak was promoted to the rank of a second lieutenant. On 3 May 1922 he was verified as a lieutenant with seniority from 1 June 1919 in the corps of Infantry Officers. In June of that year he was appointed to be the adjutant of the Second Battalion of 56th Wielkopolski Infantry Regiment. Early in 1924 Lt Szostak joined the Central Tank School of the 1st Tank Regiment, which was equipped with French Renault FT tanks, and from August 1925 he commanded a platoon of the 7th Tank Company. From 1928 to 1931 he commanded 6th, 7th, and then 4th company of tanks. On 19 March 1928 he was promoted to the rank of a captain (seniority from 1 January 1928). From June 1931 to April 1938 he took up training responsibilities. First, from June 1931 to April 1934 he lectured at the Training Centre of Tanks and Armoured Cars in Warsaw. Then, in the years 1935 to 1938 he was the head of the Training Department at the headquarters of the Armoured Corps attached to the Ministry of Military Affairs in Warsaw. On 19 March 1937 he was promoted to the rank of major of the Armour Corps." ], "support": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ] }	{ "mapped_id": "9463a750-d1f4-4df3-920c-d6d0aacf012f", "doc_name": "Stéphanie Szostak", "doc_chunk": "French actress (born 1975)\nStéphanie Szostak (born 5 August 1975) is a French actress and author who started her career in the early 2000s. Szostak is best known for having appeared in the films \"The Devil Wears Prada\", \"Dinner for Schmucks\", \"Iron Man 3\", and \"R.I.P.D.\" Szostak starred in the USA Network original drama series \"Satisfaction\" and the ABC series \"A Million Little Things\". Personal life. Szostak was raised in the suburbs of Paris, France. She moved to the United States to study business at the College of William & Mary in Williamsburg, Virginia, where she played on the women's varsity golf team. After graduating with a Bachelor of Science in marketing, she moved to New York City and worked for Chanel in marketing. She then switched to acting after taking acting classes. Szostak married Britt Szostak in 1996; her married surname is Polish. They have two sons together, and reside outside New York City. References. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "support": 1 }
naturalqa	05601fe3-53db-4672-b170-026d158dd6cb	who sang please don't talk to the lifeguard	Please Don't Talk to the Lifeguard	[ "Diane Ray" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=52678294	1	{ "mapped_id": [ "05601fe3-53db-4672-b170-026d158dd6cb", "05601fe3-53db-4672-b170-026d158dd6cb", "05601fe3-53db-4672-b170-026d158dd6cb", "05601fe3-53db-4672-b170-026d158dd6cb", "05601fe3-53db-4672-b170-026d158dd6cb" ], "doc_name": [ "Please Don't Talk to the Lifeguard", "Please Don't", "Don't Talk to Strangers", "Don't Talk to Him", "Don't Talk to Him" ], "doc_chunk": [ "\"Please Don't Talk to the Lifeguard\" is a song by American pop singer Diane Ray. It was featured on her 1964 album \"The Exciting Years\", and reached number 31 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. Original version. Originally released as a single by Andrea Carroll on Epic Records in 1961, Andrea's version lacked the success that Diane's rendition eventually would. Chart performance. The song debuted on the Hot 100 chart dated August 3, 1963. It peaked seven weeks later at number 31. \"Please Don't Talk to the Lifeguard\" spent a total of 9 weeks on the chart. Ray's next single, \"My Summer Love\", failed to impact any chart, as did her subsequent singles, making her a one-hit wonder. Inclusion on compilations. The song has been included on numerous girl-pop compilations, including \"Growin' Up Too Fast: The Girl Group Anthology\" (1996), \"I Wish I Were a Princess: The Great Lost Female Teen Idols\" (1997), and \"Early Girls, Vol. 3\" (2000). References. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", " is a cover album by the Irish pop group the Nolans. Released on 23 September 1992 exclusively in Japan by Teichiku Records, the album consists of 10 English-language covers of popular kayōkyoku songs from the 1960s. References. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "Don't Talk to Strangers may refer to:\nTopics referred to by the same term\n<templatestyles src=\"Dmbox/styles.css\" />\n This page lists associated with the title .", "1963 single by Cliff Richard and the Shadows\n\"Don't Talk to Him\" is a song by Cliff Richard and The Shadows, released as a single in November 1963. It peaked at number 2 on the UK Singles Chart and received a silver disc for 250,000 sales. Background and release. The music for \"Don't Talk to Him\" was composed by Shadows guitarist Bruce Welch. He then asked Richard if he would write the lyrics. However, Richard has said that he was \"sort of scared of writing\", but agreed to \"have a go\". He recalled he \"took it back to the cottage where I was staying. We were in Blackpool. And I sat down one night and played it through on my guitar and came up with the lyrics\". It was recorded at Abbey Road Studios, then known as EMI, whereas the B-side, \"Say You're Mine\", written by Tony Meehan and Norman Stracey, was recorded whilst the group was in Blackpool, at the Jubilee Hall. Both tracks were included on the EP \"Cliff Sings Don't Talk to Him\", released in March 1964. Richard also recorded a German-language version of \"Don't Talk to Him\", titled \"Sag' \"no\" zu ihm\", with German lyrics by Carl Ulrich Blecher and backing vocals by the Botho-Lucas-Quartett. It was released as a single in Germany in April 1964 as a double A-side with a German-language version of \"I'm the Lonely One\", titled \"Zuviel allein\".", "However, \"Sag' \"no\" zu ihm\" was more successful than the other side, becoming a top-ten hit in Germany and top-twenty hit in Austria. Reception. Reviewed in \"Record Mirror\", \"Don't Talk to Him\" was described as a \"beaty sort of catchy number with Cliff singing very well indeed on the cleverly arranged number which is slightly reminiscent of the oldie \"It's Magic\"\". Another reviewer wrote that \"in sharp contrast to \"It's All In The Game\" comes a haunting melody in slow cha-cha tempo\", which is \"ideal for dancing and makes easy-on-the-ear listening\". Charts. \"Sag' \"no\" zu ihm\"\nReferences. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />" ], "support": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ] }	{ "mapped_id": "05601fe3-53db-4672-b170-026d158dd6cb", "doc_name": "Please Don't Talk to the Lifeguard", "doc_chunk": "\"Please Don't Talk to the Lifeguard\" is a song by American pop singer Diane Ray. It was featured on her 1964 album \"The Exciting Years\", and reached number 31 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. Original version. Originally released as a single by Andrea Carroll on Epic Records in 1961, Andrea's version lacked the success that Diane's rendition eventually would. Chart performance. The song debuted on the Hot 100 chart dated August 3, 1963. It peaked seven weeks later at number 31. \"Please Don't Talk to the Lifeguard\" spent a total of 9 weeks on the chart. Ray's next single, \"My Summer Love\", failed to impact any chart, as did her subsequent singles, making her a one-hit wonder. Inclusion on compilations. The song has been included on numerous girl-pop compilations, including \"Growin' Up Too Fast: The Girl Group Anthology\" (1996), \"I Wish I Were a Princess: The Great Lost Female Teen Idols\" (1997), and \"Early Girls, Vol. 3\" (2000). References. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "support": 1 }
naturalqa	1deb5a7f-8ffd-4673-a6c3-377b2c2ca5b0	who does tom have an affair with desperate housewives	Tom Scavo	[ "Renee" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5218917	1	{ "mapped_id": [ "1deb5a7f-8ffd-4673-a6c3-377b2c2ca5b0", "1deb5a7f-8ffd-4673-a6c3-377b2c2ca5b0", "1deb5a7f-8ffd-4673-a6c3-377b2c2ca5b0", "1deb5a7f-8ffd-4673-a6c3-377b2c2ca5b0", "1deb5a7f-8ffd-4673-a6c3-377b2c2ca5b0" ], "doc_name": [ "Tom Scavo", "Tom Scavo", "Tom Scavo", "Tom Scavo", "Tom Scavo" ], "doc_chunk": [ "Fictional character on Desperate Housewives\nThomas Scavo is a fictional character on the ABC television series \"Desperate Housewives\", played by actor Doug Savant. During Season 1, Tom was credited as a recurring role, but became credited as a series regular in Season 2. Early storylines often focused on Tom's position at an advertising firm and his need to travel often, usually leaving his wife Lynette alone to run the family. In Season 3, Tom's storylines focused on his attempts to find a new job after becoming tired of advertising. He opens \"Scavo's Pizzeria\", much to Lynette's dismay. Five years later, it becomes apparent that Tom is experiencing a mid-life crisis when he purchases and restores an early model convertible. After Lynette gives birth to Paige, Tom is diagnosed with male postpartum depression, which Lynette laughs off as a ridiculous notion. Tom separates from Lynette at the end of season 7 and dates Jane for the majority of season 8. Tom and Lynette reunite at the end of season 8. Storylines. Past. Thomas \"Tom\" Scavo was born in 1968. He is the eldest of three children (Tom, Theresa and Peter) born to Allison and Rodney Scavo. He has had three relationships prior to the events of the series, starting with one-night-stand Nora Huntington in 1994. He then dated Annabel Foster in 1997, but told her he is not a husband material when they worked together in advertising.", "He also had a one-night-stand with Renee Perry, during the short time when breaking off his engagement with Lynette Lindquist. Lynette and Tom met while working at the same advertising company. They married in 1997, and one year later, they moved to Fairview, 4355 Wisteria Lane. Lynette had a very successful career but gave up all that to become a stay-at-home mother. Tom was a working dad, always away from home, supporting his family financially. Lynette met Mary Alice Young, Bree Van de Kamp, and Susan Mayer, shortly after discovering she is pregnant with twins, and they became friends. Lynette became a mother to four children with Tom: twins Preston and Porter born in 1998, Parker in 1998 and Penny in 2004. She met Gabrielle Solis in 2003 and after difficulties in getting along, they became best friends. Season 1. Tom is frequently out of town and seems oblivious to Lynette's problems. Tom has been keeping his one-night stand with Renee a secret from his wife, and only his father, Rodney Scavo, knows about it. Tom decides to become a house-husband after losing his promotion to Tim Douggan and subsequently quits his job. He seems to truly love Lynette, and the two are able to discuss family matters in-depth. Season 2. Midway through the second season, Tom returns to the workplace, sharing an employer with his wife for the second time.", "When Lynette's boss, Ed Ferrera (Currie Graham), asks Lynette to send explicit messages to his wife to help him improve his sex life, his wife finds out and threatens to leave him unless he fires the person who sent the IMs. Feeling he cannot fire Lynette, Ed tells his wife it was Tom, deciding to fire him instead, but Lynette warns him he will need a reasonable cause. To Lynette's horror, Ed finds one when he discovers that Tom has been falsifying expense reports. When Ed confronts him, the conversation ends with Tom punching Ed, and Tom is fired. Tom is found out to be meeting with another woman after Lynette follows him to Atlantic City and sees them embracing. Lynette later finds out that this woman is the mother of his daughter, born long before he married Lynette. Season 3. It is revealed that the woman Tom was embracing is Nora Huntington (Kiersten Warren). They had a one-night stand years before he met Lynette. She claims she conceived his child, a daughter named Kayla (Rachel G. Fox), but never told him. Tom confesses to Lynette that he wants to open up a pizzeria. Nora consistently undermines Tom behind his back and tries to get Lynette to tell him to drop the idea, while planning to tell him that she will support him.", "Nora wants to restart her relationship with Tom, determined to make a proper family for Kayla, but Tom rejects her and tells Lynette, who warns Nora to keep her distance in the future. Tom and Lynette plan to fight Nora for custody of Kayla. Before they get to court, Nora confronts Lynette in the supermarket, moments before Carolyn Bigsby takes the supermarket hostage. When Lynette tells Carolyn that Nora is trying to date Tom, Carolyn shoots and kills Nora. Just before Nora dies, Lynette promises Nora that she will take care of Kayla. Tom opens his pizzeria and, with Lynette's help, prepares it for the grand opening. He then tries organizing a surprise for their ninth wedding anniversary, but it goes wrong, leaving Lynette out in the woods at night, and he rushes to find her. A little while later, Tom injures his back while working, leaving him confined to bed rest. Lynette hires a new chef, Rick Coletti (Jason Gedrick), as well as Mrs. McCluskey to look after Tom and the children when she is at work. One night, Tom and the kids come to the pizzeria to surprise her, and Kayla sees Lynette and Rick flirting together. She tells Tom, and Tom returns to work to fire Rick, but Lynette tells him not to. After Lynette and Rick are locked in the freezer during an armed robbery, they cuddle to keep warm, and Tom sees the CCTV tape of them eating dinner before the theft.", "He confronts Rick, telling him that his marriage is solid, and that Rick cannot break them up. Tom asks Rick to quit but he refuses, claiming Lynette \"doesn't want him gone\". Rick later tells Lynette about his lunch with Tom and his feelings for her, and tries to get her to admit her feelings for him, but Lynette refuses and fires him. After finding out Tom is returning to work, Lynette sobs in her bathroom, distraught. Lynette and Tom's marriage continues to decline and they don't speak for days. Trying to rebuild their marriage, Tom gets his old college friend and marriage counsellor to talk to them both without Lynette knowing his profession. She realizes and becomes even angrier about his 'ambush therapy'. When Tom's doctor informs him that his back has recovered, Tom suggests to Lynette they either talk or have sex. Lynette agrees to sex, which quickly turns violent and Lynette falls off the bed, banging her head on the bedside table. She goes to the hospital to be treated, and Tom finds out that Lynette has fallen for Rick and misses him. The doctor performs a CAT scan on Lynette, finds swollen lymph nodes, and suggests a biopsy, as it could be a sign of lymphoma. Season 4. In the third episode \"The Game\", Tom attends a party held by his friend Susan. Lynette remains at home because she is unwell and in pain." ], "support": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ] }	{ "mapped_id": "1deb5a7f-8ffd-4673-a6c3-377b2c2ca5b0", "doc_name": "Tom Scavo", "doc_chunk": "He also had a one-night-stand with Renee Perry, during the short time when breaking off his engagement with Lynette Lindquist. Lynette and Tom met while working at the same advertising company. They married in 1997, and one year later, they moved to Fairview, 4355 Wisteria Lane. Lynette had a very successful career but gave up all that to become a stay-at-home mother. Tom was a working dad, always away from home, supporting his family financially. Lynette met Mary Alice Young, Bree Van de Kamp, and Susan Mayer, shortly after discovering she is pregnant with twins, and they became friends. Lynette became a mother to four children with Tom: twins Preston and Porter born in 1998, Parker in 1998 and Penny in 2004. She met Gabrielle Solis in 2003 and after difficulties in getting along, they became best friends. Season 1. Tom is frequently out of town and seems oblivious to Lynette's problems. Tom has been keeping his one-night stand with Renee a secret from his wife, and only his father, Rodney Scavo, knows about it. Tom decides to become a house-husband after losing his promotion to Tim Douggan and subsequently quits his job. He seems to truly love Lynette, and the two are able to discuss family matters in-depth. Season 2. Midway through the second season, Tom returns to the workplace, sharing an employer with his wife for the second time.", "support": 1 }
naturalqa	abc3f703-100b-402a-a859-a7c679860ff7	synthetic approaches to instruction are also known as what kind of approach to instruction	Synthetic phonics	[ "inductive phonics" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1739229	1	{ "mapped_id": [ "abc3f703-100b-402a-a859-a7c679860ff7", "abc3f703-100b-402a-a859-a7c679860ff7", "abc3f703-100b-402a-a859-a7c679860ff7", "abc3f703-100b-402a-a859-a7c679860ff7", "abc3f703-100b-402a-a859-a7c679860ff7" ], "doc_name": [ "Synthetic phonics", "Synthetic phonics", "Synthetic phonics", "Synthetic phonics", "Synthetic phonics" ], "doc_chunk": [ "Teaching reading by blending and segmenting the sounds of the letters\nSynthetic phonics, also known as \"blended phonics\" or \"inductive phonics\", is a method of teaching English reading which first teaches the letter sounds and then builds up to blending these sounds together to achieve full pronunciation of whole words. <templatestyles src=\"Template:TOC limit/styles.css\" />\nOverview. Synthetic phonics refers to a family of programmes which aim to teach reading and writing through the following methods:\nSynthetic phonics programmes have some or all of the following characteristics:\nSynthetic phonics programmes \"do not\" have the following characteristics:\nMethodology. Synthetic phonics teaches the phonemes (sounds) associated with the graphemes (letters) at the rate of about six sounds per week. The sounds are taught in isolation then blended together (i.e. synthesised), all-through-the-word. For example, learners might be taught a short vowel sound (e.g. \"a\" as in cat) in addition to some consonant sounds (e.g. \"s, t, p\"). Then the learners are taught words with these sounds (e.g. sat, pat, tap, at). They are taught to pronounce each phoneme in a word, then to blend the phonemes together to form the word (e.g. \"s - a - t; \"sat\"\").", "Sounds are taught in all positions of the words, but the emphasis is on all-through-the-word segmenting and blending from week one. It does not teach whole words as shapes (initial sight vocabulary) prior to learning the alphabetic code. Synthetic phonics develops phonemic awareness along with the corresponding letter shapes. It involves the learners rehearsing the writing of letter shapes alongside learning the letter/s-sound correspondences preferably with the tripod pencil grip. Dictation is a frequent teaching technique from letter level to word spelling, including nonsense words (e.g. choy and feep) and eventually extending to text level. It does not teach letter names until the learners know their letter/s-sound correspondences thoroughly and how to blend for reading and segment for spelling. Often when letter names are introduced it is through singing an alphabet song. Synthetic phonics teaches phonics at the level of the individual phoneme from the outset; not syllables and not onset and rime. Synthetic phonics does not teach anything about reading as a meaning-focused process. It highlights decoding and pronunciation of words only. Teachers are to put accuracy before speed, because fluency (i.e. speed, accuracy, expression) and comprehension will come with time. Synthetic phonics involves the teaching of the transparent alphabet (e.g. \"c\" as in \"cat\") before progressing onto the opaque alphabet (e.g. \"ch\" as in \"school\").", "In other words, learners are taught steps which are straightforward and 'work' before being taught the complications and variations of pronunciation and spelling of the full alphabetic code. It introduces irregular words and more tricky words (defined as words which cannot be pronounced phonically – English has a surprisingly large number of these, usually the commonest words of all such as 'to', 'of', etc.) slowly and systematically after a thorough introduction of the transparent alphabet code (learning the 44 letter/s-sound correspondences to automaticity and how to blend for reading and segment for spelling). Phonics application still works at least in part in such words. Synthetic phonics involves a heavy emphasis on hearing the sounds all-through-the-word for spelling and not an emphasis on \"look, cover, write, check\". This latter, visual form of spelling plays a larger part with unusual spellings and spelling variations although a phonemic procedure is always emphasised in spelling generally. Teachers read a full range of literature with the learners and ensure that all learners have a full range of experience of activities associated with literacy such as role play, drama, poetry, but the learners are \"not\" expected to 'read' text which is beyond them, and the method does \"not\" involve guessing at words from context, picture and initial letter clues. For example, mmm not em, sss not ess, fff not ef. The letter names can be taught later but should not be taught in the early stages.", "The English Alphabet Code 'Key': 40+ phonemes with their common 'sound pattern' representations. (This is based on the British pronunciation. The number and mixture of the 40+ phonemes will vary for other English speaking countries such as Australia, Canada and the United States. Vowels:\nTypical programme. <templatestyles src=\"Col-begin/styles.css\"/>\nConsonants:\n<templatestyles src=\"Col-begin/styles.css\"/>\nSystematic phonics. \"Systematic phonics\" is not one specific method of teaching phonics; it is a term used to describe phonics approaches that are taught \"explicitly\" and in a structured, systematic manner. They are \"systematic\" because the letters and the sounds they relate to are taught in a specific sequence, as opposed to incidentally or on a \"when needed\" basis. The National Reading Panel (NRP) concluded that systematic phonics instruction is more effective than unsystematic phonics or non-phonics instruction. The NRP also found that systematic phonics instruction is effective (with varying degrees) when delivered through one-to-one tutoring, small groups, and teaching classes of students; and is effective from kindergarten onward, the earlier the better. It helps significantly with word-reading skills and reading comprehension for kindergartners and 1st graders as well as for older struggling readers and reading disabled students. Benefits to spelling were positive for kindergartners and 1st graders but not for older students.", "Systematic phonics does \"not\" include methods such as \"embedded phonics\" and \"phonics mini lessons\" which are found in the \"Whole Language\" approach and the \"Balanced Literacy\" approach. Systematic phonics is sometimes mischaracterized as \"skill and drill\" with little attention to meaning. However, researchers point out that this impression is false. Teachers can use engaging games or materials to teach letter-sound connections, and it can also be incorporated with the reading of meaningful text. Phonics can be taught systematically in a variety of ways, such as: analogy phonics, analytic phonics, phonics through spelling, and synthetic phonics. However, their effectiveness vary considerably because the methods differ in such areas as the range of letter-sound coverage, the structure of the lesson plans, and the time devoted to specific instructions. Systematic phonics has gained increased acceptance in different parts of the world since the completion of three major studies into teaching reading; one in the US in 2000, another in Australia in 2005, and the other in the UK in 2006. In 2009, the UK Department of Education published a curriculum review that added support for systematic phonics. In fact, systematic phonics in the UK is known as Synthetic phonics. It’s often referred to as ‘systematic’ synthetic phonics because children learn about the various sounds, spellings, and grapheme-phoneme correspondences (GPCs) in a structured manner." ], "support": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ] }	{ "mapped_id": "abc3f703-100b-402a-a859-a7c679860ff7", "doc_name": "Synthetic phonics", "doc_chunk": "Teaching reading by blending and segmenting the sounds of the letters\nSynthetic phonics, also known as \"blended phonics\" or \"inductive phonics\", is a method of teaching English reading which first teaches the letter sounds and then builds up to blending these sounds together to achieve full pronunciation of whole words. <templatestyles src=\"Template:TOC limit/styles.css\" />\nOverview. Synthetic phonics refers to a family of programmes which aim to teach reading and writing through the following methods:\nSynthetic phonics programmes have some or all of the following characteristics:\nSynthetic phonics programmes \"do not\" have the following characteristics:\nMethodology. Synthetic phonics teaches the phonemes (sounds) associated with the graphemes (letters) at the rate of about six sounds per week. The sounds are taught in isolation then blended together (i.e. synthesised), all-through-the-word. For example, learners might be taught a short vowel sound (e.g. \"a\" as in cat) in addition to some consonant sounds (e.g. \"s, t, p\"). Then the learners are taught words with these sounds (e.g. sat, pat, tap, at). They are taught to pronounce each phoneme in a word, then to blend the phonemes together to form the word (e.g. \"s - a - t; \"sat\"\").", "support": 1 }
naturalqa	9c0a85ec-3a17-4582-8637-5cba0663bf1a	when is the constellation perseus visible in the northern hemisphere	Perseus (constellation)	[ "during the Northern Hemisphere's spring" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=209441	1	{ "mapped_id": [ "9c0a85ec-3a17-4582-8637-5cba0663bf1a", "9c0a85ec-3a17-4582-8637-5cba0663bf1a", "9c0a85ec-3a17-4582-8637-5cba0663bf1a", "9c0a85ec-3a17-4582-8637-5cba0663bf1a", "9c0a85ec-3a17-4582-8637-5cba0663bf1a" ], "doc_name": [ "Perseus (constellation)", "Perseus (constellation)", "Perseus (constellation)", "Perseus (constellation)", "Perseus (constellation)" ], "doc_chunk": [ "Constellation in the northern celestial hemisphere\nPerseus is a constellation in the northern sky, named after the Greek mythological hero Perseus. It is one of the 48 ancient constellations listed by the 2nd-century astronomer Ptolemy, and among the 88 modern constellations defined by the International Astronomical Union (IAU). It is located near several other constellations named after ancient Greek legends surrounding Perseus, including Andromeda to the west and Cassiopeia to the north. Perseus is also bordered by Aries and Taurus to the south, Auriga to the east, Camelopardalis to the north, and Triangulum to the west. Some star atlases during the early 19th century also depicted Perseus holding the disembodied head of Medusa, whose asterism was named together as \"Perseus et Caput Medusae\"; however, this never came into popular usage. The galactic plane of the Milky Way passes through Perseus, whose brightest star is the yellow-white supergiant Alpha Persei (also called Mirfak), which shines at magnitude 1.79. It and many of the surrounding stars are members of an open cluster known as the Alpha Persei Cluster. The best-known star, however, is Algol (Beta Persei), linked with ominous legends because of its variability, which is noticeable to the naked eye. Rather than being an intrinsically variable star, it is an eclipsing binary.", "Other notable star systems in Perseus include X Persei, a binary system containing a neutron star, and GK Persei, a nova that peaked at magnitude 0.2 in 1901. The Double Cluster, comprising two open clusters quite near each other in the sky, was known to the ancient Chinese. The constellation gives its name to the Perseus cluster (Abell 426), a massive galaxy cluster located 250 million light-years from Earth. It hosts the radiant of the annual Perseids meteor shower—one of the most prominent meteor showers in the sky. History and mythology. In Greek mythology, Perseus was the son of Danaë, who was sent by King Polydectes to bring the head of Medusa the Gorgon—whose visage caused all who gazed upon her to turn to stone. Perseus slew Medusa in her sleep, and Pegasus and Chrysaor appeared from her body. Perseus continued to the realm of Cepheus whose daughter Andromeda was to be sacrificed to Cetus the sea monster. Perseus rescued Andromeda from the monster by killing it with his sword. He turned Polydectes and his followers to stone with Medusa's head and appointed Dictys the fisherman king. Perseus and Andromeda married and had six children. In the sky, Perseus lies near the constellations Andromeda, Cepheus, Cassiopeia (Andromeda's mother), Cetus, and Pegasus.", "In Neo-Assyrian Babylonia (911–605 BC), the constellation of Perseus was known as the \"Old Man\" constellation (SU.GI), then associated with East in the MUL.APIN, an astronomical text from the 7th century. In non-Western astronomy. Four Chinese constellations are contained in the area of the sky identified with Perseus in the West. \"Tiānchuán\" (天船), the Celestial Boat, was the third paranatellon (A star or constellation which rises at the same time as another star or object) of the third house of the White Tiger of the West, representing the boats that Chinese people were reminded to build in case of a catastrophic flood season. Incorporating stars from the northern part of the constellation, it contained Mu, Delta, Psi, Alpha, Gamma and Eta Persei. \"Jīshuǐ\" (積水), the Swollen Waters, was the fourth paranatellon of the aforementioned house, representing the potential of unusually high floods during the end of August and beginning of September at the beginning of the flood season. Lambda and possibly Mu Persei lay within it. \"Dàlíng\" (大陵), the Great Trench, was the fifth paranatellon of that house, representing the trenches where criminals executed en masse in August were interred. It was formed by Kappa, Omega, Rho, 24, 17 and 15 Persei. The pile of corpses prior to their interment was represented by \"Jīshī\" (積屍, Pi Persei), the sixth paranatellon of the house.", "The Double Cluster, h and Chi Persei, had special significance in Chinese astronomy. In Polynesia, Perseus was not commonly recognized as a separate constellation; the only people that named it were those of the Society Islands, who called it \"Faa-iti\", meaning \"Little Valley\". Algol may have been named \"Matohi\" by the Māori people, but the evidence for this identification is disputed. \"Matohi\" (\"Split\") occasionally came into conflict with \"Tangaroa-whakapau\" over which of them should appear in the sky, the outcome affecting the tides. It matches the Maori description of a blue-white star near Aldebaran but does not disappear as the myth would indicate. Characteristics. Perseus is bordered by Aries and Taurus to the south, Auriga to the east, Camelopardalis and Cassiopeia to the north, and Andromeda and Triangulum to the west. Covering 615 square degrees, it ranks twenty-fourth of the 88 constellations in size. It appears prominently in the northern sky during the Northern Hemisphere's spring. Its main asterism consists of 19 stars. The constellation's boundaries, as set by Belgian astronomer Eugène Delporte in 1930, are defined by a 26-sided polygon. In the equatorial coordinate system, the right ascension coordinates of these borders lie between 01h 29.1m and 04h 51.2m, while the declination coordinates are between ° and °.", "The International Astronomical Union (IAU) adopted the three-letter abbreviation \"Per\" for the constellation in 1922. Features. Stars. Algol (from the Arabic رأس الغول \"Ra's al-Ghul\", which means \"The Demon's Head\"), also known by its Bayer designation Beta Persei, is the best-known star in Perseus. Representing the head of the Gorgon Medusa in Greek mythology, it was called Horus in Egyptian mythology and \"Rosh ha Satan\" (\"Satan's Head\") in Hebrew. Located 92.8 light-years from Earth, it varies in apparent magnitude from a minimum of 3.5 to a maximum of 2.3 over a period of 2.867 days. The star system is the prototype of a group of eclipsing binary stars named Algol variables, though it has a third member to make up what is actually a triple star system. The brightest component is a blue-white main-sequence star of spectral type B8V, which is 3.5 times as massive and 180 times as luminous as the Sun. The secondary component is an orange subgiant star of type K0IV that has begun cooling and expanding to 3.5 times the radius of the Sun, and has 4.5 times the luminosity and 80% of its mass." ], "support": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ] }	{ "mapped_id": "9c0a85ec-3a17-4582-8637-5cba0663bf1a", "doc_name": "Perseus (constellation)", "doc_chunk": "The Double Cluster, h and Chi Persei, had special significance in Chinese astronomy. In Polynesia, Perseus was not commonly recognized as a separate constellation; the only people that named it were those of the Society Islands, who called it \"Faa-iti\", meaning \"Little Valley\". Algol may have been named \"Matohi\" by the Māori people, but the evidence for this identification is disputed. \"Matohi\" (\"Split\") occasionally came into conflict with \"Tangaroa-whakapau\" over which of them should appear in the sky, the outcome affecting the tides. It matches the Maori description of a blue-white star near Aldebaran but does not disappear as the myth would indicate. Characteristics. Perseus is bordered by Aries and Taurus to the south, Auriga to the east, Camelopardalis and Cassiopeia to the north, and Andromeda and Triangulum to the west. Covering 615 square degrees, it ranks twenty-fourth of the 88 constellations in size. It appears prominently in the northern sky during the Northern Hemisphere's spring. Its main asterism consists of 19 stars. The constellation's boundaries, as set by Belgian astronomer Eugène Delporte in 1930, are defined by a 26-sided polygon. In the equatorial coordinate system, the right ascension coordinates of these borders lie between 01h 29.1m and 04h 51.2m, while the declination coordinates are between ° and °.", "support": 1 }
naturalqa	d23862f4-d471-45c8-a9e2-0ded2f638719	what number does the bars of tres zapotes represent	Tres Zapotes	[ "7.16.6.16.18" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3213961	1	{ "mapped_id": [ "d23862f4-d471-45c8-a9e2-0ded2f638719", "d23862f4-d471-45c8-a9e2-0ded2f638719", "d23862f4-d471-45c8-a9e2-0ded2f638719", "d23862f4-d471-45c8-a9e2-0ded2f638719", "d23862f4-d471-45c8-a9e2-0ded2f638719" ], "doc_name": [ "Tres Zapotes", "Tres Zapotes", "Tres Zapotes", "Tres Zapotes", "Tres Zapotes" ], "doc_chunk": [ "Tres Zapotes is a Mesoamerican archaeological site located in the south-central Gulf Lowlands of Mexico in the Papaloapan River plain. Tres Zapotes is sometimes referred to as the third major Olmec capital (after San Lorenzo Tenochtitlán and La Venta), but the Olmec phase is only a portion of the site's history, which continued through the Epi-Olmec and Classic Veracruz cultural periods. The 2000-year existence of Tres Zapotes as a cultural center is unusual, if not unique, in Mesoamerica. Location. The site is located near the present-day village of Tres Zapotes, west of Santiago Tuxtla, Veracruz at the western edge of the Los Tuxtlas Mountains on the banks of the Rio Hueyapan (a small stream). The area is a transition point between the Los Tuxtlas Mountains and the Papaloapan River delta and allowed the inhabitants to take advantage of the forested uplands as well as the swamps and streams of the flatlands. Scarcely to the east stands Cerro el Vigía, an extinct volcano and important source of basalt and other volcanic stone, sandstone, and clay. The nearby small site of Rancho la Cobata, on the northern flank of Cerro El Vigía, may have functioned as a monument workshop – most of the basalt stonework at Tres Zapotes was crafted from the colossal, \"spheroid\", smooth-faced boulders found even today at the summit of Cerro El Vigía. Some of these boulders are more than 3 meters in diameter. History.", "Olmec. Founded some time in the centuries before 1000 BCE, Tres Zapotes emerged as a regional center early in the Middle Formative period, perhaps 900 - 800 BCE, roughly coinciding with the decline of San Lorenzo Tenochtitlan. The earliest public architecture yet detected has been dated to the end of the Middle Formative, perhaps 500 BCE. It is thought that the two colossal heads date from this period. It was near Tres Zapotes that the first colossal head was discovered in 1862 by José Melgar. To date, two have been found locally, labeled \"Monument A\" and Monument Q\". Smaller than the colossal heads at San Lorenzo, they measure slightly less than high. Together with the cruder and significantly larger head at Rancho la Cobata, these colossal heads show evidence of a local style of dress and sculpture, differing from that of San Lorenzo and La Venta. And, unlike the Olmec site of La Venta, Tres Zapotes was not abandoned at the close of the Middle Formative period, c. 400 BCE, nor was it immediately affected by the folding of the Olmec culture in the eastern Olmec heartland. However, during the next several hundred years, the Olmec culture at Tres Zapotes and on the western edge of the Olmec heartland would be gradually transformed into what has come to be called the Epi-Olmec (or post-Olmec) culture. Epi-Olmec.", "Most of the monumental sculpture at Tres Zapotes is epi-Olmec, dating from the Late Formative period. These sculptures show, as do Tres Zapotes ceramics, a continuity with and yet a gradual change away from Olmec patterns. Tres Zapotes Stela D depicts a scene that is framed by the mouth of a monster, similar to the framing of La Venta's much more ancient — but while the Olmec altar refers to a mythical event, Stela D's content is historical in nature. This framing device can also be seen Izapa which was carved at much the same time as Stela D. This and other similarities have led some archaeologists to suggest that Izapa heavily influenced Tres Zapotes' Epi-Olmec artistic conventions, or even that Tres Zapotes Epi-Olmec styles developed from the Izapan style. However, recent scholarship instead highlights \"their descent from a common ancestor, the Olmec culture, with some sharing of motifs and techniques in an evolving co-tradition\". Despite similarities with earlier Olmec sculptures, though, Tres Zapotes Epi-Olmec sculpture appears to lack the artisanship, refinement, and detail of its San Lorenzo and La Venta predecessors. This is only partially attributable to the coarser local Cerro El Vigía basalt.", "It was during this Epi-Olmec period that a new Mesoamerican writing system appeared at Tres Zapotes: the Isthmian (or Epi-Olmec) script, as well as some of the earliest dates in the Long Count calendar format. Classic era. Although the Classic era, starting roughly 300 CE, saw continued mound construction and Tres Zapotes remained a regional center, the era nonetheless brought a perceptible decline in Tres Zapotes' fortunes, as the centers of the new Classic Veracruz culture grew in prominence and size. Tres Zapotes may have been abandoned by 900 CE, although there was a smaller and later occupation. Stela C.\nIn 1939, archaeologist Matthew Stirling discovered at Tres Zapotes the bottom half of Stela C. This stela was carved from basalt, with one side showing an Olmec-style engraving that has been variously characterized as an abstract were-jaguar or a ruler on a throne. On other side was the oldest Mesoamerican Long Count calendar date yet unearthed. This date, 7.16.6.16.18, correlates in our present-day calendar to September 3, 32 BCE, although there was some controversy over the missing \"baktun\", the first digit, which Marion Stirling, Matthew's wife, had contended was a '7'. Her judgment was validated in 1969 when the top half of the stela was found.", "Since 1939, only one older long-count date has been discovered, Stela 2 from Chiapa de Corzo, Chiapas, with a date of 7.16.3.2.13 (36 BCE). The back of Stela C is engraved with one of the few surviving examples of Epi-Olmec script. A 1965 study concluded that Stela C, unlike most other basalt stonework at Tres Zapotes, was similar to the basalt used for La Venta Stela 3 and the basalt columns surrounding La Venta Complex A, which themselves have been traced to Punta Roca Partida, on the Gulf Coast at the northern side of the Los Tuxtlas Mountains. Site layout and societal organization. Over 160 mounds, platforms, and similar structures have been identified at Tres Zapotes, most of these being low residential platforms. The major Epi-Olmec period structures are the prosaically-named Groups 1, 2, and 3, and the similarly structured Nestepe Group (also known as Group 4). Group 2 is more or less in the center of the residential core with the other three spaced almost away from Group 2 and from each other. This equidistant spacing likely reflects a decentralized political structure, each mound group the creation of a separate faction within Tres Zapotes society. This is in contrast to La Venta, for example, where the heavily centralized public architecture reflected a centralized rulership." ], "support": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ] }	{ "mapped_id": "d23862f4-d471-45c8-a9e2-0ded2f638719", "doc_name": "Tres Zapotes", "doc_chunk": "It was during this Epi-Olmec period that a new Mesoamerican writing system appeared at Tres Zapotes: the Isthmian (or Epi-Olmec) script, as well as some of the earliest dates in the Long Count calendar format. Classic era. Although the Classic era, starting roughly 300 CE, saw continued mound construction and Tres Zapotes remained a regional center, the era nonetheless brought a perceptible decline in Tres Zapotes' fortunes, as the centers of the new Classic Veracruz culture grew in prominence and size. Tres Zapotes may have been abandoned by 900 CE, although there was a smaller and later occupation. Stela C.\nIn 1939, archaeologist Matthew Stirling discovered at Tres Zapotes the bottom half of Stela C. This stela was carved from basalt, with one side showing an Olmec-style engraving that has been variously characterized as an abstract were-jaguar or a ruler on a throne. On other side was the oldest Mesoamerican Long Count calendar date yet unearthed. This date, 7.16.6.16.18, correlates in our present-day calendar to September 3, 32 BCE, although there was some controversy over the missing \"baktun\", the first digit, which Marion Stirling, Matthew's wife, had contended was a '7'. Her judgment was validated in 1969 when the top half of the stela was found.", "support": 1 }
naturalqa	759a3d4e-ac7c-4abe-85fe-2f319b446e15	when did o level grades change from numbers to letters	GCE Ordinary Level (United Kingdom)	[ "1975" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42062995	1	{ "mapped_id": [ "759a3d4e-ac7c-4abe-85fe-2f319b446e15", "759a3d4e-ac7c-4abe-85fe-2f319b446e15", "759a3d4e-ac7c-4abe-85fe-2f319b446e15", "759a3d4e-ac7c-4abe-85fe-2f319b446e15", "759a3d4e-ac7c-4abe-85fe-2f319b446e15" ], "doc_name": [ "GCE Ordinary Level (United Kingdom)", "GCE Ordinary Level (United Kingdom)", "GCE Ordinary Level (United Kingdom)", "GCE Ordinary Level (United Kingdom)", "GCE Ordinary Level (United Kingdom)" ], "doc_chunk": [ "British school qualification\nThe General Certificate of Education (GCE) Ordinary Level, also called the O-level or O level, was a subject-based academic qualification. Introduced in 1951 as a replacement for the 16+ School Certificate (SC), the O-level would act as a pathway to the new, more in-depth and academically rigorous A-level (Advanced Level), in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. Later, the complementary and more vocational Certificate of Secondary Education (CSE) was added to broaden the subjects available and offer qualifications in non-academic subjects. The O-Level and CSE were replaced in the United Kingdom in 1988 by the GCSE and later complementary IGCSE exams. The Scottish equivalent was the O-grade (replaced, following a separate process, by the Standard Grade). An O-level branded qualification is still awarded by Cambridge International Examinations in select locations. Structure. O-levels were predominantly exam-based; this had advantages for students in part-time or evening education. Some commentators criticised this mainly exam-based approach as offering only partial proof of the student's overall ability in comparison with other methods (e.g., coursework-based assessment). There was no summative 'school certificate': each subject was a separate O-level in its own right. Madsen Pirie argued that the O-level was unfairly biased to boys because of the emphasis on exam-based learning, and therefore girls were placed at a disadvantage.", "Pirie also observes that the GCSE focus on coursework has now disadvantaged boys, and has reversed the gender gap in attainment to the level where, in all subjects, girls outperform boys. Grading. Until 1975, candidates were awarded only a \"pass\" or \"fail\" classification. Although candidates received an approximate indication of the marks awarded, O-Level Certificates simply listed those subjects in which a pass had been awarded; subjects in which a candidate had failed were not mentioned. The independent exam boards soon offered competing numeric and alphabetic classifications, for example 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 would be a pass, while grades 7, 8 and 9 were fails from the JMB. From 1975 standardized alphabetic grades where introduced with grades A, B, C, D, and E were passes, and F and U (Unclassified) were fails. Between 1975 and 1985 grades were allocated primarily on a norm-referenced basis, assigning a fixed proportion of each cohort to each grade (A 10%, B 15%, C 25–30%, D 5–10%, E 5–10%, U 15–20%). Though some exceptions existed, both at the subject and Exam Board level, with Latin and Greek pass rates being consistently higher than other subjects, with 75.4% passing in 1976, in contrast to an average 59% pass rate across all subjects e.g. Biology 56.4%, History 57%. The pass rate and top awards by the Oxford & Cambridge board were also consistently higher than the other boards e.g.", "In 1976, 27% of Latin entrants gained an A, and ~17% of French, German and Music candidates, this was attributed to the O&C board being primarily used by the Independent schools. The proportion obtaining a pass, A-D, or equivalent was initially fixed at 57% – 58%, and remained under 60% through the 1970s, though there was regional variation with Northern Ireland awarding consistently more pass grades than Wales e.g. In 1982, the pass rates were: Northern Ireland 62%, England 58% Wales 53%. In 1984 a decision was taken, by the Secondary Examinations Council, to replace the norm referencing with criteria referencing, where 16+ and 18+ grades would in future be awarded on Examiner Judgement, this change was implemented, at O-Level, in June 1986. In the final year DES statistics were available 6.8% achieved an A, and 39.8% an A-C grade. O-levels incorporate an element of negative marking, with marks deducted for incorrect answers, poor spelling, grammar or handwriting. The table below gives rough equivalences between O-Level, CSE, and GCSE grades, including later changes to GCSE grades in 1994 and the 2010s:\nFor GCSE Mathematics from 1988 there was an extension paper allowing candidates to achieve 3 grades higher than an A (pass, merit, and distinction). This was stopped. <templatestyles src=\"GCSE grades/styles.css\" />\nEntrants.", "The 1978 Waddell Report, when comparing O-Level and CSE entrants stated: \"\"the O Level examination tending to be aimed at the upper 20 per cent of the full ability range and CSE catering for the next 40 per cent\".\" This conclusion is partially supported by the statistics. After 1976, for subjects where an equivalent O-level paper existed, approximately 36% of the pupils entered for either exam sat the O-Level; the remainder (64%) sat the CSE paper. The proportion taking CSE exams increased following the raising of the minimum school-leaving age to 16, in 1973, and the subsequent fall in the proportion sitting neither exam e.g. Exam boards. The O-Level syllabi, examinations and awards were made by 9 independent boards: Associated Examining Board, Durham University Examinations Board (dissolved 1964), Joint Matriculation Board, Oxford and Cambridge, Oxford, Southern, Cambridge, London, and Welsh Joint Education Committee. Unlike CSE examinations the participating schools had a choice of syllabi and awarding body, and were not required to use a designated local board. Later developments. The O-level qualifications in England, Wales and Northern Ireland were replaced by the General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE), phased in by 1986 with a couple of subjects, and completed for all subjects the following year. However, the O-level brand is still used in many Commonwealth countries, such as Bangladesh, Mauritius, Sri Lanka, and Singapore, instead of or alongside the IGCSE qualifications.", "The Hong Kong Certificate of Education Examination was also benchmarked against the O-levels for comparable subjects. But it has switched to benchmark against the IGCSE. The School Certificate of Mauritius continues to use the O-level exams. O-levels continue to thrive as well respected international qualifications for students in other countries, who use them for preparation for advanced study in their own country and/or access higher education overseas.. Institutions that offer O-levels include Cambridge International Examinations (CIE). Cambridge International Examinations offers curricula for approximately 40 different subjects. References. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />" ], "support": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ] }	{ "mapped_id": "759a3d4e-ac7c-4abe-85fe-2f319b446e15", "doc_name": "GCE Ordinary Level (United Kingdom)", "doc_chunk": "Pirie also observes that the GCSE focus on coursework has now disadvantaged boys, and has reversed the gender gap in attainment to the level where, in all subjects, girls outperform boys. Grading. Until 1975, candidates were awarded only a \"pass\" or \"fail\" classification. Although candidates received an approximate indication of the marks awarded, O-Level Certificates simply listed those subjects in which a pass had been awarded; subjects in which a candidate had failed were not mentioned. The independent exam boards soon offered competing numeric and alphabetic classifications, for example 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 would be a pass, while grades 7, 8 and 9 were fails from the JMB. From 1975 standardized alphabetic grades where introduced with grades A, B, C, D, and E were passes, and F and U (Unclassified) were fails. Between 1975 and 1985 grades were allocated primarily on a norm-referenced basis, assigning a fixed proportion of each cohort to each grade (A 10%, B 15%, C 25–30%, D 5–10%, E 5–10%, U 15–20%). Though some exceptions existed, both at the subject and Exam Board level, with Latin and Greek pass rates being consistently higher than other subjects, with 75.4% passing in 1976, in contrast to an average 59% pass rate across all subjects e.g. Biology 56.4%, History 57%. The pass rate and top awards by the Oxford & Cambridge board were also consistently higher than the other boards e.g.", "support": 1 }
naturalqa	856c60b6-903a-4e0b-a290-7fc2ef3de543	where does my grandmother asked me to tell you shes sorry take place	My Grandmother Asked Me to Tell You She's Sorry	[ "Sweden" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=50705829	1	{ "mapped_id": [ "856c60b6-903a-4e0b-a290-7fc2ef3de543", "856c60b6-903a-4e0b-a290-7fc2ef3de543", "856c60b6-903a-4e0b-a290-7fc2ef3de543", "856c60b6-903a-4e0b-a290-7fc2ef3de543", "856c60b6-903a-4e0b-a290-7fc2ef3de543" ], "doc_name": [ "My Grandmother Asked Me to Tell You She's Sorry", "If You Asked Me To", "If You Asked Me To", "If You Asked Me To", "If You Asked Me To" ], "doc_chunk": [ "Swedish novel\nMy Grandmother Asked Me to Tell You She's Sorry (published in the United Kingdom as My Grandmother Sends her Regards and Apologises) is a novel written by the Swedish columnist, blogger, and writer Fredrik Backman. The book was first published in Swedish (as \"Min mormor hälsar och säger förlåt\") in 2013. The English translation was later published in 2015. The rights for translation have been sold in more than 40 countries. In 2017, the novel was longlisted for the International Dublin Literary Award. Plot summary. The story takes place in Sweden and follows Elsa, a 7-year-old who knows she is different from other children her age. Elsa has a habit of correcting others' grammar, is smart for her age, and is especially close with her grandmother (Granny). When Granny dies, Elsa slowly discovers more about her grandmother's past identities, as well as the lives of people affected by her grandmother. The UK edition was published by Sceptre, an imprint of Hodder & Stoughton, in 2015 (), with the title \"My Grandmother Sends Her Regards and Apologises\". Film and TV adaptations. The northern European based Nordisk Film acquired the rights for the book for development in May 2018. Audiobook. An audio version of this book was released in 2015 by Simon & Schuster, Inc. It was read by Joan Walker. References. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "1989 single by Patti LaBelle\n\"If You Asked Me To\" is a song written by American songwriter Diane Warren and produced by Stewart Levine and Aaron Zigman. It was originally recorded by American singer Patti LaBelle for her ninth studio album, \"Be Yourself\" (1989), and also for the soundtrack to the James Bond film \"Licence to Kill\". The song was released as the soundtrack's second single on June 12, 1989 by MCA Records. The lyrics are from the point of view of a woman who pleads to her significant other: \"If you asked me to, I just might change my mind, and let you in my life forever\". Three years later, Canadian singer Celine Dion covered the song for her 1992 self-titled second English-language studio album. Released as the album's second single, Dion's version topped the Canadian charts and peaked at number four on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100. Background. \"If You Asked Me To\" was first featured on the soundtrack of the 1989 James Bond movie, \"Licence to Kill\". The song's title refers to dialogue from the film. LaBelle's version peaked at number 79 on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100, at number 10 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs, and at number 11 on the Hot Adult Contemporary Tracks. The song appeared on the daytime soap opera \"General Hospital\" in 1989. Critical reception. Pan-European magazine \"Music & Media\" described the song as \"a smooth, mid-tempo ballad with a synthesizer-dominated AC production by Stewart Levine\".", "Music video. The music video for \"If You Asked Me To\" was filmed the day after the funeral of LaBelle's sister Jacqueline \"Jackie\" Padgett who died of lung cancer at age 43. (She was the third of LaBelle's sisters to die; all three of Patti's sisters died before age 44.) As such, the context of the song changed dramatically, as a mourning LaBelle, dressed in black, sings the song in a church (with candles and mourning lilies), intercut with shots of her in tears. Chart performance. Despite being a Top 10 hit on the US \"Billboard\" Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs charts, the song did not crossover to the pop charts until Celine Dion covered it three years later. Regarding the subject, LaBelle once explained during an interview used for the liner notes of her 1999 \"Greatest Hits\" album what she believed to be the reason for this fact: \"I knew the song was a hit when I recorded it, and I was happy that Celine did it and did so well with it. But the arrangements are so close and we both have pretty powerful voices...so who knows why my version didn't take off. Maybe it was timing..\". Celine Dion version. Celine Dion's cover version of \"If You Asked Me To\" was released as the second single from her 1992 self-titled studio album. It was produced by Guy Roche and released in Canada and the United States in April 1992 and later the same year in the rest of the world.", "The single includes a non-album B-side, \"Love You Blind\", written by Sheryl Crow and Jay Oliver, and produced by Walter Afanasieff. Later, \"If You Asked Me To\" was included on the North American versions of Dion's greatest hits albums, \"All the Way… A Decade of Song\" (1999) and \"\" (2008). Critical reception. AllMusic senior editor Stephen Thomas Erlewine named \"If You Asked Me To\" a standout song of the album, along with \"Beauty and the Beast\" and \"Love Can Move Mountains\". An editor from \"Billboard\" called it a \"lush\" and \"dramatic\" ballad. Another editor, Larry Flick, wrote that Dion reinterprets Patti LaBelle's hit \"with highly positive results\". He stated that \"she proves she is on the road to developing a fine and distinctive vocal style\". Clark and DeVaney from \"Cashbox\" noted, \"Now that the world knows who this Canadian songstress is\", viewing the song as \"powerful and emotional\". \"Dayton Daily News\" said it is \"hauntingly beautiful\". Dave Sholin from the \"Gavin Report\" felt that Dion \"deserves all the accolades she's gotten the past few years, and surely her rendition of this touching Diane Warren ballad [...] takes her to a new level\". Another editors, Rufer and Fell, stated that the singer \"makes it fresh and uniquely her own\".", "Geoff Edgers from \"Salon Magazine\" wrote that \"If You Asked Me To\", \"with Dion's moaning, pleading, screaming take-me vocals, works when reassessed as a chunk of modern soul as worthy as anything recorded by Whitney Houston or Mariah Carey\". Jonathan Bernstein from \"Spin\" declared the song as \"sensational\", adding that it \"proves that astringency, urgency, and dressing down may win out over homogeneity, artifice, and insincerity, but a good Diane Warren hook lives forever.\" Commercial performance. The single was a hit in the United States and Canada. \"If You Asked Me To\" reached number four on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100, and did even better on the \"Billboard\" Adult Contemporary chart, spending three weeks at number one. Also in Canada, it reached number one. The single had moderate success elsewhere. \"If You Asked Me To\" was released twice in the United Kingdom: first, in June 1992, when it peaked at number 60, and the second time in December 1992, when it reached number 57. Music video. The accompanying music video for the song was directed by Dominic Orlando and filmed in Chatsworth and Hollywood, Los Angeles. It was released in April 1992 and included later on Dion's 2001 DVD video collection \"All the Way… A Decade of Song & Video\". In the video, Dion performs the song in a manor. In the beginning she is sitting alone in a room, by a large window. A scene shows a hand stroking her cheek." ], "support": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ] }	{ "mapped_id": "856c60b6-903a-4e0b-a290-7fc2ef3de543", "doc_name": "My Grandmother Asked Me to Tell You She's Sorry", "doc_chunk": "Swedish novel\nMy Grandmother Asked Me to Tell You She's Sorry (published in the United Kingdom as My Grandmother Sends her Regards and Apologises) is a novel written by the Swedish columnist, blogger, and writer Fredrik Backman. The book was first published in Swedish (as \"Min mormor hälsar och säger förlåt\") in 2013. The English translation was later published in 2015. The rights for translation have been sold in more than 40 countries. In 2017, the novel was longlisted for the International Dublin Literary Award. Plot summary. The story takes place in Sweden and follows Elsa, a 7-year-old who knows she is different from other children her age. Elsa has a habit of correcting others' grammar, is smart for her age, and is especially close with her grandmother (Granny). When Granny dies, Elsa slowly discovers more about her grandmother's past identities, as well as the lives of people affected by her grandmother. The UK edition was published by Sceptre, an imprint of Hodder & Stoughton, in 2015 (), with the title \"My Grandmother Sends Her Regards and Apologises\". Film and TV adaptations. The northern European based Nordisk Film acquired the rights for the book for development in May 2018. Audiobook. An audio version of this book was released in 2015 by Simon & Schuster, Inc. It was read by Joan Walker. References. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "support": 1 }
naturalqa	9576171a-9d0b-4b56-bede-c4c8af896a50	first secretary of defense for the united states	James Forrestal	[ "James Vincent Forrestal" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=222301	1	{ "mapped_id": [ "9576171a-9d0b-4b56-bede-c4c8af896a50", "9576171a-9d0b-4b56-bede-c4c8af896a50", "9576171a-9d0b-4b56-bede-c4c8af896a50", "9576171a-9d0b-4b56-bede-c4c8af896a50", "9576171a-9d0b-4b56-bede-c4c8af896a50" ], "doc_name": [ "James Forrestal", "James Forrestal", "James Forrestal", "James Forrestal", "James Forrestal" ], "doc_chunk": [ "First United States Secretary of Defense\nJames Vincent Forrestal (February 15, 1892 – May 22, 1949) was the last Cabinet-level United States Secretary of the Navy and the first United States Secretary of Defense. Forrestal came from a very strict middle-class Irish Catholic family. He was a successful financier on Wall Street before becoming Undersecretary of the Navy in 1940, shortly before the United States entered the Second World War. He became Secretary of the Navy in May 1944 upon the death of his superior, Col. Frank Knox. President Franklin D. Roosevelt requested that Forrestal take the lead in building up the Navy. In 1947, after the end of the war, President Harry S. Truman appointed him the first secretary of the newly created Department of Defense. Forrestal was intensely hostile to the Soviet Union, fearing Communist expansion in Europe and the Middle East. Along with Secretary of State George C. Marshall, he strongly opposed the United States' support for the establishment of the State of Israel, fearing that this would alienate Arab nations which were needed as allies, and whose petroleum reserves were vital for both military and civilian industrial expansion. Forrestal was a supporter of naval battle groups centered on aircraft carriers. He tried to weaken the proposed Department of Defense for the Navy's benefit, but was hard-pressed to run it from 1947 to 1949 after Truman named him Secretary of Defense. The two men were often at odds, and Truman forced Forrestal's resignation. Thereafter, Forrestal's mental health rapidly deteriorated, declining to the point in which he underwent medical care for depression.", "While a patient at Bethesda Naval Hospital, Forrestal died by suicide from fatal injuries sustained after falling out of a sixteenth-floor window. In 1954, the USN's new supercarrier was named in his honor, as is the James V. Forrestal Building, which houses the headquarters of the United States Department of Energy. He is the namesake of the Forrestal Lecture Series at the United States Naval Academy and of the James Forrestal Campus of his alma mater Princeton University. Life and career. Early life. Forrestal was born in Matteawan, New York (now part of Beacon, New York), the youngest son of James Forrestal, an Irish immigrant who dabbled in politics. His mother, the former Mary Anne Toohey (herself the daughter of another Irish immigrant) raised him as a devout Catholic. During his youth, Forrestal was an amateur boxer. After graduating from high school in 1908, at the age of 16, he spent the next three years working for a trio of newspapers: the \"Matteawan Evening Journal\", the \"Mount Vernon Argus\" and the \"Poughkeepsie News Press\". Forrestal entered Dartmouth College in 1911, but transferred to Princeton University in his sophomore year, where he served as an editor for \"The Daily Princetonian\". His senior class voted him \"Most Likely to Succeed\", but he left just prior to completing work on a degree. Forrestal was a member of University Cottage Club while he was a student at Princeton. Forrestal married the former Josephine Stovall (née Ogden), a \"Vogue\" writer, in 1926.", "She eventually developed a dependence on alcohol and suffered various mental health issues. Wall Street financier. Forrestal went to work as a bond salesman for William A. Read and Company (later renamed Dillon, Read & Co.) in 1916. When the US entered World War I, he enlisted in the Navy and ultimately became a Naval Aviator, training with the Royal Flying Corps at Camp Borden and Deseronto in Canada. During the final year of the war Forrestal spent much of his time in Washington, at the Office of Naval Operations, while completing his flight training and reaching the rank of lieutenant. After the war, Forrestal resumed his career in finance and made his fortune on Wall Street. He became a partner in 1923, was appointed vice president in 1926, and by 1937 was president of the company. He also acted as a publicist for the Democratic Party committee in Dutchess County, New York, helping politicians from the area win elections at both the local and state level. One of the individuals aided by his work was a neighbor, Franklin D. Roosevelt. Forrestal was a compulsive workaholic and skilled administrator. He was described as pugnacious, introspective, shy, philosophic, solitary, and emotionally insecure. He took no part in national politics, though he usually voted for Democrats, but did not support New Deal liberalism. Political career. Secretary of the Navy. President Franklin D. Roosevelt appointed Forrestal a special administrative assistant on June 22, 1940. Six weeks later, he nominated him for the newly established position, Undersecretary of the Navy.", "In his nearly four years as undersecretary, Forrestal proved highly effective at mobilizing domestic industrial production for the war effort. The Chief of Naval Operations, Admiral Ernest J. King, wanted to control logistics and procurement, but Forrestal prevailed. In September 1942, to get a grasp on the reports for materiel his office was receiving, he made a tour of naval operations in the Southwest Pacific and a stop at Pearl Harbor. Returning to Washington, D.C., he made his report to Roosevelt, Secretary of War Henry L. Stimson, and the cabinet. In response to Forrestal's elevated request that materiel be sent immediately to the Southwest Pacific area, Stimson (who was more concerned with supplying Operation Torch in North Africa), told Forrestal, \"Jim, you've got a bad case of localitis.\" Forrestal shot back in a heated manner, \"Mr. Secretary, if the Marines on Guadalcanal were wiped out, the reaction of the country will give you a bad case of localitis in the seat of your pants.\" He became Secretary of the Navy on May 19, 1944, after his immediate superior, Secretary Frank Knox, died from a heart attack. Knox had been a figurehead as secretary and Forrestal was highly energetic. Forrestal led the Navy through the closing year of the war and the early years of demobilization that followed. Forrestal ordered that a Naval Court of Inquiry be convened to investigate the facts surrounding the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor and to assess any culpability borne by members of the Navy.", "The Court consisted of Admiral Adolphus Andrews; Admiral Orin G. Murfin, who served as President of the Court and Admiral Edward C. Kalbfus. The court convened on July 24, 1944, and held daily sessions in Washington, D.C., San Francisco and Pearl Harbor. After interviewing numerous witnesses, it completed its work on October 19, 1944. Its report to the Navy Department largely exonerated Rear Admiral Husband E. Kimmel, commander in chief of the Pacific Fleet at the time of the attack. The court found that Kimmel's decisions had been correct given the limited information available to him, but criticized then-Chief of Naval Operations Harold R. Stark for failing to warn Kimmel that war was imminent. The court concluded that \"based upon the facts established, the Court is of the opinion that no offenses have been committed nor serious blame incurred on the part of any person or persons in the naval service.\" Because the court's findings implicitly revealed that American cryptographers had broken the Japanese codes, a critical wartime secret, the court's report was not made public until after the end of the war. Upon reviewing the report, Forrestal felt that the court had been too lenient in assigning blame for the disaster. The court had found that the Army and Navy had adequately cooperated in the defense of Pearl Harbor; that there had been no information indicating that Japanese carriers were on their way to attack Pearl Harbor; and that the attack had succeeded principally because of the aerial torpedo, a secret weapon whose use could not have been predicted." ], "support": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ] }	{ "mapped_id": "9576171a-9d0b-4b56-bede-c4c8af896a50", "doc_name": "James Forrestal", "doc_chunk": "First United States Secretary of Defense\nJames Vincent Forrestal (February 15, 1892 – May 22, 1949) was the last Cabinet-level United States Secretary of the Navy and the first United States Secretary of Defense. Forrestal came from a very strict middle-class Irish Catholic family. He was a successful financier on Wall Street before becoming Undersecretary of the Navy in 1940, shortly before the United States entered the Second World War. He became Secretary of the Navy in May 1944 upon the death of his superior, Col. Frank Knox. President Franklin D. Roosevelt requested that Forrestal take the lead in building up the Navy. In 1947, after the end of the war, President Harry S. Truman appointed him the first secretary of the newly created Department of Defense. Forrestal was intensely hostile to the Soviet Union, fearing Communist expansion in Europe and the Middle East. Along with Secretary of State George C. Marshall, he strongly opposed the United States' support for the establishment of the State of Israel, fearing that this would alienate Arab nations which were needed as allies, and whose petroleum reserves were vital for both military and civilian industrial expansion. Forrestal was a supporter of naval battle groups centered on aircraft carriers. He tried to weaken the proposed Department of Defense for the Navy's benefit, but was hard-pressed to run it from 1947 to 1949 after Truman named him Secretary of Defense. The two men were often at odds, and Truman forced Forrestal's resignation. Thereafter, Forrestal's mental health rapidly deteriorated, declining to the point in which he underwent medical care for depression.", "support": 1 }
naturalqa	8f8d7e0b-8910-4c87-b3a6-c6a2f80c4030	who voiced uncle ted on bobby's world	Bobby's World	[ "Tino Insana" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=880336	1	{ "mapped_id": [ "8f8d7e0b-8910-4c87-b3a6-c6a2f80c4030", "8f8d7e0b-8910-4c87-b3a6-c6a2f80c4030", "8f8d7e0b-8910-4c87-b3a6-c6a2f80c4030", "8f8d7e0b-8910-4c87-b3a6-c6a2f80c4030", "8f8d7e0b-8910-4c87-b3a6-c6a2f80c4030" ], "doc_name": [ "Bobby's World", "Bobby's World", "Bobby's World", "Bobby's World", "Bobby's World" ], "doc_chunk": [ "American animated television series for children\nBobby's World (originally known as The World According to Bobby) is an American animated comedy children's television series that aired on Fox Kids from September 8, 1990, to February 23, 1998. The show was created by Canadian actor/comedian Howie Mandel, who also performs the voices of both Bobby and his father Howard Generic. It was produced by Film Roman in association with Mandel's company Alevy Productions and Fox Children's Productions. The theme song for \"Bobby's World\" was composed by John Tesh and Michael Hanna. Premise. The series follows the daily life of Bobby Generic ( ), with his very overactive imagination and how he sees the world. Characters. Family members. The Generic family's surname is pronounced \"JEN-uh-rik\", but mispronounced as \"juh-NEHR-ik\" by other characters as a running gag. Production. Development. Howie Mandel explained that he accidentally created the voice that would be later used to voice Bobby when he was choking on a piece of cake. Two of Mandel's friends Jim Fisher and Jim Staahl signed an agreement with the Fox Broadcasting Company's then newly created children's division in 1989. Fisher and Staahl asked Mandel to join them in creating a show based on Mandel's Bobby character and voice. Mandel explained that he believed Fox did not think his stand-up routines were \"family entertainment\".", "He, Fisher, and Staahl (co-producers) recalled stories from their childhoods as they discussed the formation of the show. Mandel said \"that was the seed of \"Bobby's World\"\". Later stories from the childhoods of writers Dianne and Peter Tilden along with Mitch Schauer were used as the basis of many of the stories. The other characters on the show were mixes of characteristics of the creators' parents' friends and relatives. Specifically, Uncle Ted was based on Fisher and Staahl's former comedy partner in a comedy trio formed by the three after leaving Chicago's Second City, called The Graduates. Ultimately, that partner Tino Insana read for and won the part of Uncle Ted. Mitch Schauer drew the designs for the main characters. Bobby's character design was based on Schauer's then-4-year-old son. On February 12, 2007, the character Bobby made a surprise appearance on an episode of \"Deal or No Deal\". Show format. Episodes often consist of a short live-action segment either before or after the main story (and sometimes both before and after). The segment would include Mandel describing some aspect of the story and often relating it back to his personal childhood. Sometimes during these segments, the character of Bobby would appear in animated form and converse with Mandel. Other times, a live action child would appear and exchange words with Mandel. Endings of the show also featured Mandel breaking the \"fourth wall\" by talking to viewers about the preceding episode.", "In some part of the episode, Bobby will break the fourth wall by telling the audience his perspective on life. Music. The series' music was by Mark Koval. The theme music was by John Tesh and Michael Hanna. Possible revival. In an April 2006 online interview, Mandel expressed his desire for a possible reboot of the series. In November 2014, it was announced that Mandel told a crowd at Comikaze that plans to revive the series were in motion. In May 2018, Mandel again made reference to his efforts to get the series revived in an interview with Entertainment Weekly's Dave Quinn. Broadcast. During its original run, \"Bobby's World\" was seen on Fox Kids. After it was cancelled in 1998, reruns began airing on Fox Family until 2001. The series was available in its entirety on Netflix instant streaming and Kabillion as well. It was available on Amazon Prime Instant Video. Episodes can occasionally be seen in syndication, on a variety of websites, on Netflix or on Comcast's OnDemand service. In the United States, starting in 1996, the show was open-captioned; this was intended as an aid to help younger children learn to read. In Canada, it aired on YTV and later, Teletoon Retro. In Russian, it aired on REN-TV, TV-3 and Jetix Play. In Kazakhstan, is aired on Raisovka Television. Home media. From 1994 to 1998, 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment released VHS titles of the series.", "In 2004, Anchor Bay Entertainment released two best-of compilations, \"Classic Scratch 'n' Sniff Episodes\" and \"The Signature Episodes\", on DVD in Region 1. On December 15, 2011, it was announced that MoonScoop Group had acquired the distribution rights to the series and planned to release all seven seasons of \"Bobby's World\" on DVD in early 2012 All seasons were made available for purchase on March 13, 2012. Video game. A video game adaptation of \"Bobby's World\" was made for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System in 1995. It was developed by Riedel Software Productions and published by Hi Tech Entertainment. A Version for the Sega Genesis was in development, but never released. In the game, Bobby's mother tells him to clean his room. As he is cleaning his room, Bobby starts daydreaming about a toy. After beating a level, Bobby has another daydream about another toy that he puts away. Bobby's World is a platform game. In some stages, the gameplay changes to something similar to a shoot 'em up. The player is asked to control Bobby and make him jump, squat, walk, run, and throw objects at the enemies – the objects often change according to the level's thematic – and use Webbly to defend Bobby. On some stages, Webbly can be used to do other things too, like reach higher platforms, throw it at their enemies or even using it as a mount. A Game Boy game based on the series was also planned, developed by Unexpected Development and published by Hi Tech Entertainment.", "The game was originally based on \"\", taking place in Kevin McCallister's dreams, before being retooled into a \"Bobby's World\" game during development, retaining the same premise but replacing the characters with those of \"Bobby's World\". However, the game was never released. References. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />\nExternal links." ], "support": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ] }	{ "mapped_id": "8f8d7e0b-8910-4c87-b3a6-c6a2f80c4030", "doc_name": "Bobby's World", "doc_chunk": "He, Fisher, and Staahl (co-producers) recalled stories from their childhoods as they discussed the formation of the show. Mandel said \"that was the seed of \"Bobby's World\"\". Later stories from the childhoods of writers Dianne and Peter Tilden along with Mitch Schauer were used as the basis of many of the stories. The other characters on the show were mixes of characteristics of the creators' parents' friends and relatives. Specifically, Uncle Ted was based on Fisher and Staahl's former comedy partner in a comedy trio formed by the three after leaving Chicago's Second City, called The Graduates. Ultimately, that partner Tino Insana read for and won the part of Uncle Ted. Mitch Schauer drew the designs for the main characters. Bobby's character design was based on Schauer's then-4-year-old son. On February 12, 2007, the character Bobby made a surprise appearance on an episode of \"Deal or No Deal\". Show format. Episodes often consist of a short live-action segment either before or after the main story (and sometimes both before and after). The segment would include Mandel describing some aspect of the story and often relating it back to his personal childhood. Sometimes during these segments, the character of Bobby would appear in animated form and converse with Mandel. Other times, a live action child would appear and exchange words with Mandel. Endings of the show also featured Mandel breaking the \"fourth wall\" by talking to viewers about the preceding episode.", "support": 1 }
naturalqa	9f20cd83-3e8c-4035-82e8-3a9614cb259b	who was the second pope of the catholic church	Pope Linus	[ "Linus" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23761	4	{ "mapped_id": [ "9f20cd83-3e8c-4035-82e8-3a9614cb259b", "9f20cd83-3e8c-4035-82e8-3a9614cb259b", "9f20cd83-3e8c-4035-82e8-3a9614cb259b", "9f20cd83-3e8c-4035-82e8-3a9614cb259b", "9f20cd83-3e8c-4035-82e8-3a9614cb259b" ], "doc_name": [ "Pope Linus", "Pope Linus", "Pope Linus", "Pope Linus", "Pope Linus" ], "doc_chunk": [ "Head of the Catholic Church from c. 68 to c. 80 AD\nPope Linus (, , \"Linos\"; died c. AD 80) was the bishop of Rome from c. AD 68 to his death. He is generally regarded as the second Bishop of Rome, after St. Peter. As with all the early popes, he was canonized. According to Irenaeus, Linus is the same person as the one mentioned in the New Testament. Linus is mentioned in the valediction of the \"Second Epistle to Timothy (2 Timothy 4:21)\" as being with Paul the Apostle in Rome near the end of Paul's life. Background. The earliest witness to the episcopate of Linus was Irenaeus, who in c. AD 180 wrote that \"the blessed apostles, then, having founded and built up the Church, committed into the hands of Linus the office of the episcopate\". According to the earliest succession lists of bishops of Rome, passed down by Irenaeus and Hegesippus and attested by the historian Eusebius, Linus was entrusted with his office by the apostles Peter and Paul after they had established the Christian church in Rome. By this reckoning he might be considered therefore the first pope, but from the late 2nd or early 3rd century the convention began of regarding Peter as the first pope.", "Jerome described Linus as \"the first after Peter to be in charge of the Roman Church\" and Eusebius described him as \"the first to receive the episcopate of the church at Rome, after the martyrdom of Paul and Peter\". John Chrysostom wrote that \"this Linus, some say, was second bishop of the Church of Rome after Peter\", while the \"Liberian Catalogue\" described Peter as the first bishop of Rome and Linus as his successor in the same office. The \"Liber Pontificalis\" also enumerated Linus as the second bishop of Rome after Peter, and stated that Peter consecrated two bishops, Linus and Anacletus, for the priestly service of the community, while devoting himself instead to prayer and preaching, and that it was Clement I to whom he entrusted the universal Church and whom he appointed as his successor. Tertullian also wrote of Clement as the successor of Peter. Jerome named Clement as \"the fourth bishop of Rome after Peter, if indeed the second was Linus and the third Anacletus, although most of the Latins think that Clement was second after the apostle\". The \"Apostolic Constitutions\" note that Linus, whom Paul the Apostle consecrated, was the first bishop of Rome and that he was succeeded by Clement I, whom Peter the Apostle ordained and consecrated. Episcopate. The chronology of the early popes is heavily disputed.", "\"The truth is, as the monarchical episcopate was not yet existing in Rome, it is useless to attempt to fix his dates, or those of any of the other so-called bishops who lived before the second quarter of the second century.\" Eusebius and Jerome dated Linus' episcopate between the years AD 68 and 80. The \"Liberian Catalogue\" and the \"Liber Pontificalis\" date it as AD 56 to 67, during the reign of Nero. This is most likely a mistake, as all four sources give Peter an episcopate of 25 years in Rome, and the \"Liber Pontificalis\" even records that Peter died 38 years after Jesus' death, that is, AD 67–68. The \"Catholic Encyclopedia\" gives his years as c. 64–76 or c. 67–79. Linus is named in the valediction of the Second Epistle to Timothy. In that epistle, Linus is noted as being with Paul the Apostle in Rome near the end of Paul's life. Irenaeus stated that this is the same Linus who became Bishop of Rome. According to the \"Liber Pontificalis\", Linus was an Italian born in Volterra in Tuscany. His father's name was recorded as Herculanus. The \"Apostolic Constitutions\" denominated his mother Claudia; immediately after the name Linus in 2 \"Timothy\" 4:21 a Claudia is named, but the Bible does not explicitly identify Claudia as Linus' mother.", "According to the \"Liber Pontificalis\", Linus decreed that women should cover their heads in church, created the first 15 bishops, and died a martyr. It dated his burial as 23 September, on which date he is still commemorated. His name is included in the Roman Canon of the Mass. With respect to Linus' purported decree prescribing the covering of women's heads, J.P. Kirsch commented in the \"Catholic Encyclopedia\" that \"without doubt this decree is apocryphal, and copied by the author of the \"Liber Pontificalis\" from Paul's \"First Epistle to the Corinthians\" (11:5) and arbitrarily attributed to the first successor of the Apostle in Rome. The statement made in the same source, that Linus suffered martyrdom, cannot be proved and is improbable. For between Nero and Domitian there is no mention of any persecution of the Roman Church; and Irenaeus (1. c., III, iv, 3) from among the early Roman bishops designates only Telesphorus as a glorious martyr.\"", "The \"Roman Martyrology\" does not categorize Linus as a martyr as does the \"Liber Pontificalis\"; the current entry in the former regarding him states: \"At Rome, the commemoration of Saint Linus, Pope, to whom, as Saint Irenaeus narrates, the blessed Apostles entrusted the responsibility of the episcopate of the Church founded in the City, and whom the blessed Paul the Apostle mentions as a companion of his.\" Legacy. A tomb that Torrigio discovered in Saint Peter's Basilica in 1615 and which was inscribed with the letters LINVS was assumed to be the tomb of Pope Linus. However, a note by Torrigio records that these were merely the final five letters of some unknown longer name, such as \"Aquilinus\" or \"Anullinus\". A letter on the martyrdom of Peter and Paul was attributed to Linus, but in fact it was determined to date to the 6th century. The \"Liber Pontificalis\" asserts that Linus was buried on the Vatican Hill adjacent to Peter the Apostle in what is now known as the Vatican Necropolis beneath Saint Peter's Basilica in Vatican City. The city of Saint-Lin-Laurentides in Canada is named in his honour. References. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />" ], "support": [ 1, 1, 1, 0, 1 ] }	{ "mapped_id": "9f20cd83-3e8c-4035-82e8-3a9614cb259b", "doc_name": "Pope Linus", "doc_chunk": "Head of the Catholic Church from c. 68 to c. 80 AD\nPope Linus (, , \"Linos\"; died c. AD 80) was the bishop of Rome from c. AD 68 to his death. He is generally regarded as the second Bishop of Rome, after St. Peter. As with all the early popes, he was canonized. According to Irenaeus, Linus is the same person as the one mentioned in the New Testament. Linus is mentioned in the valediction of the \"Second Epistle to Timothy (2 Timothy 4:21)\" as being with Paul the Apostle in Rome near the end of Paul's life. Background. The earliest witness to the episcopate of Linus was Irenaeus, who in c. AD 180 wrote that \"the blessed apostles, then, having founded and built up the Church, committed into the hands of Linus the office of the episcopate\". According to the earliest succession lists of bishops of Rome, passed down by Irenaeus and Hegesippus and attested by the historian Eusebius, Linus was entrusted with his office by the apostles Peter and Paul after they had established the Christian church in Rome. By this reckoning he might be considered therefore the first pope, but from the late 2nd or early 3rd century the convention began of regarding Peter as the first pope.", "support": 1 }
naturalqa	475ea5ac-9304-40db-becd-248799ae9fc1	when is the world figure skating championships 2018	2018 World Figure Skating Championships	[ "19–25 March 2018" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=52629453	1	{ "mapped_id": [ "475ea5ac-9304-40db-becd-248799ae9fc1", "475ea5ac-9304-40db-becd-248799ae9fc1", "475ea5ac-9304-40db-becd-248799ae9fc1", "475ea5ac-9304-40db-becd-248799ae9fc1", "475ea5ac-9304-40db-becd-248799ae9fc1" ], "doc_name": [ "2018 World Figure Skating Championships", "World Figure Skating Championships", "World Figure Skating Championships", "World Figure Skating Championships", "World Figure Skating Championships" ], "doc_chunk": [ "Figure skating competition\nThe 2018 World Figure Skating Championships were held in Milan, Italy from 19–25 March 2018, at the Mediolanum Forum. Records. The following new ISU best scores were set during this competition:\nQualification. Age and minimum TES requirements. Skaters are eligible for the 2018 World Championships if they turned 15 years of age before 1 July 2017 and have met the minimum technical elements score requirements. The ISU accepts scores if they were obtained at senior-level ISU-recognized international competitions at least 21 days before the first official practice day of the championships. Number of entries per discipline. Based on the results of the 2017 World Championships, each ISU member nation can field one to three entries per discipline. Schedule. Note: times are local times (UTC+1 from March 21 through March 24 and UTC+2 on March 25). Entries. Member nations began announcing their selections in December 2017. The International Skating Union published the full list of entries on 28 February 2018. None of the previous year's defending champions competed. Medals summary. Medalists. Medals for overall placement:\nSmall medals for placement in the short segment:\nSmall medals for placement in the free segment:\nBy country. Table of medals for overall placement:\nTable of small medals for placement in the short segment:\nTable of small medals for placement in the free segment:\nReferences. Citations. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "Annual figure skating competition\nThe World Figure Skating Championships, commonly referred to as \"Worlds\", are an annual figure skating competition sanctioned by the International Skating Union. Medals are awarded in men's singles, women's singles, pair skating, and ice dance. Generally held in March, the World Championships are considered to be the most prestigious of the ISU Figure Skating Championships. With the exception of the Olympic title, a world title is considered to be the highest competitive achievement in figure skating. The corresponding competition for junior-level skaters is the World Junior Championships. The corresponding competition for senior-level synchronized skating is the World Synchronized Skating Championships and for junior level the World Junior Synchronized Skating Championships. History. The Internationale Eislauf-Vereinigung (International Skating Union) formed in 1892 to govern international competition in speed and figure skating. The first championship, known as the Championship of the Internationale Eislauf-Vereingung, was held in Saint Petersburg, Russia, in 1896. There were four competitors and the winner of the event was Gilbert Fuchs. The championships were presumed all-male since competitive skating was generally viewed as a male sport. However, there were no specific rules regarding the gender of competitors. In 1902, Madge Syers entered the championships and won the silver medal. The 1903 ISU Congress considered gender issues, but passed no new rules. The 1905 ISU Congress established a second-class ladies' competition called the \"ISU Championships\" rather than the \"World Championships\", and winners were to be known as ISU champions and not world champions.", "Men's and ladies' events were normally held separately. The first ladies' competition was held in Davos, Switzerland, in 1906; the event was won by Syers. The first pair skating competition was held in Saint Petersburg in 1908, despite pairs competition being illegal in some countries and considered indecent. Early championships for both ladies and pairs, previously titled \"ISU Championships\", were retroactively given World Championship status in 1924. In the early years, judges were invited by the host country and were often native. At the 1927 ladies' event in Oslo, Norway, three of the five judges were Norwegian; these three judges awarded first place to Norwegian competitor Sonja Henie, while the Austrian and German judges placed defending champion Herma Szabo first. The controversial result stood, giving Henie her first world title, but the controversy led to the ISU introducing a new rule that allowed no more than one judge per country on the panel. The 1930 Championships in New York City were the first to be held outside Europe and combined all three competitions into one event for the first time. Ice dance entered the program officially in 1952. Until 1959, national teams were allowed to field multiple competitors in each discipline; for example the United Kingdom entered six skaters in the ladies' singles competition in 1948, and five skaters represented the United States in each singles discipline in 1951. Beginning in 1960, the number of participants per country was limited to a maximum of three per discipline. In 1967, all events at the World Championships, other than compulsory figures and ice dance, were held indoors. Compulsory figures were removed from the World Championships in 1991.", "The 6.0 system was used for judging up to and including the 2004 event, after which the ISU Judging System was instituted. Every four years, because the World Championships take place around a month after the Winter Olympics, a large proportion of Olympic medalists tend to be absent from the competition. Many skaters need time to rest due to physical and mental exhaustion, and some Olympic medalists choose to cash in on their recent success by turning professional. Cancellations. The World Figure Skating Championships have been cancelled 16 times in the competition's history: from 1915 through 1921 due to World War I; from 1940 through 1946 due to World War II; in 1961 as a result of the loss of the entire U.S. Figure Skating team in the crash of Sabena Flight 548; and in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The 2011 Championships, originally due to be held in Tokyo, Japan, were considered for cancellation after the Japan earthquake and tsunami, but were instead moved to Moscow, Russia. Eligibility and qualifying. Skaters may compete at the World Championships if they represent a member nation of the International Skating Union and are selected by their federation. Pairs and ice dance partnerships composed of skaters of different nationalities are not allowed to compete under two flags; they are required to choose one country and obtain the other country's permission. Member nations select their entries according to their own criteria. Some countries rely on the results of their national championships while others have more varied criteria, which may include success at certain international events or specific technical requirements.", "All of the selected skaters must meet the ISU's age and TES requirements. Age eligibility. Until the 2023-24 figure skating season, skaters had to be at least 15 years old before July 1 of the previous year. At the ISU Congress held in Phuket, Thailand, in June 2022, members of the ISU Council accepted a proposal to gradually increase the minimum age limit for senior competition to 17 years old beginning from the 2024–25 season. To avoid forcing skaters who had already competed in the senior category to return to juniors, the age limit remained unchanged during the 2022–23 season, before increasing to 16 years old during the 2023–24 season, and then will increase to 17 years old during the 2024–25 season. Minimum technical scores. Since 2010, only skaters who have reached minimum technical elements scores (TES) in the short and free programs at a prior international event are allowed to compete at the World Championships. The short and free scores may be attained at different international events in the ongoing or preceding season. After an ISU congress voted to eliminate the qualifying rounds, the TES minimums were raised for the 2013 World Championships. Qualifying rounds. Because of the large number of entries at the World Championships, in some years the event included qualifying rounds for men and ladies. After the 2006 championships in Calgary, Canada, the ISU Congress voted to eliminate the qualifying round. It was later reintroduced and then eliminated again after the 2012 World Championships. After the short program, the top 24 single skaters and top 20 pairs advance to the free skate." ], "support": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ] }	{ "mapped_id": "475ea5ac-9304-40db-becd-248799ae9fc1", "doc_name": "2018 World Figure Skating Championships", "doc_chunk": "Figure skating competition\nThe 2018 World Figure Skating Championships were held in Milan, Italy from 19–25 March 2018, at the Mediolanum Forum. Records. The following new ISU best scores were set during this competition:\nQualification. Age and minimum TES requirements. Skaters are eligible for the 2018 World Championships if they turned 15 years of age before 1 July 2017 and have met the minimum technical elements score requirements. The ISU accepts scores if they were obtained at senior-level ISU-recognized international competitions at least 21 days before the first official practice day of the championships. Number of entries per discipline. Based on the results of the 2017 World Championships, each ISU member nation can field one to three entries per discipline. Schedule. Note: times are local times (UTC+1 from March 21 through March 24 and UTC+2 on March 25). Entries. Member nations began announcing their selections in December 2017. The International Skating Union published the full list of entries on 28 February 2018. None of the previous year's defending champions competed. Medals summary. Medalists. Medals for overall placement:\nSmall medals for placement in the short segment:\nSmall medals for placement in the free segment:\nBy country. Table of medals for overall placement:\nTable of small medals for placement in the short segment:\nTable of small medals for placement in the free segment:\nReferences. Citations. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "support": 1 }
naturalqa	655b553d-b2c5-4537-b2d0-081fb434ad48	when did bill knapps go out of business	Bill Knapp's	[ "By the end of 2002" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=7642083	1	{ "mapped_id": [ "655b553d-b2c5-4537-b2d0-081fb434ad48", "655b553d-b2c5-4537-b2d0-081fb434ad48", "655b553d-b2c5-4537-b2d0-081fb434ad48", "655b553d-b2c5-4537-b2d0-081fb434ad48", "655b553d-b2c5-4537-b2d0-081fb434ad48" ], "doc_name": [ "Bill Knapp's", "Bill Knapp's", "Bill Knapp's", "Bill Knapp's", "Knapp's rule" ], "doc_chunk": [ "Bill Knapp's was an American family restaurant chain. It was founded by\nClinton B. Knapp (March 13, 1907 – October 15, 1974), in Battle Creek, Michigan, in 1948. The chain operated in Michigan, Ohio, Florida, Illinois and Indiana, with more than 60 locations at its peak. The menu. Bill Knapp's featured a menu primarily filled with typical family dining items. The menu included a limited breakfast, sandwiches, baskets, and luncheon and dinner plates. A children's menu, featuring meals named for animals, was also offered. Recipes for their fried chicken, bean soup, ham croquettes, vegetable soup, onion rings, au gratin potatoes, and chocolate cakes (later purchased by Awrey Bakeries) were also featured. Locations replenished inventory on a daily basis from the commissary in Battle Creek, Mich., with their own fleet of trucks. Bill Knapp placed great emphasis on the quality and freshness of the food, with added emphasis on preparing the food \"from scratch.\" Birthday and anniversary discounts. Bill Knapp's was well known for its birthday and anniversary discounts. Diners visiting Bill Knapp's on their birthdays were entitled to a percentage off of their bill based on their age. Thus, a guest 62 years old would receive a 62% discount. Those celebrating a wedding anniversary were treated to a whole chocolate cake to take home, and in some restaurants, managers gave birthday patrons a cake to take home in addition to their discount.", "While the cake was being presented, Bing Crosby's recording of \"Happy Birthday\" and \"The Anniversary Song\" would be played over the restaurant's sound system for birthdays and anniversaries. It was widely said that anyone over 100 would actually be paid by the restaurant (such as a 101% discount on a 101st birthday), and a man who ate at the West Lansing location for his 101st birthday received a free meal, and a check for 1% of his bill—7 cents. Demographics. Bill Knapp \"was interested in providing decent food for a reasonable price with friendly service.\" The target clientele of his restaurants was families, often three generations eating together at long tables pushed together. As the decades passed, the clientele remained nearly the same as it had when the first restaurant of the chain opened in 1948. By the 1980s and 1990s, with the breakdown of extended families, the clientele was predominantly senior citizens. In 1998, after its sale to an entrepreneur from California, Bill Knapp's instituted a \"That was then, this is WOW\" marketing campaign, as well as an overall revamp of the chain's image. The new ownership hung colorful shower curtains between eating booths, played rock and roll music (often loudly) throughout the dining areas, revised old building exteriors with newer, hipper color schemes, and further changes, including the installation of televisions and video games in restaurants. The \"That was then, this is WOW\" campaign not only changed the interior and exterior décor, but the menu as well.", "Prior to 1996, Bill Knapp's cuisine was prepared, home style, in a commissary which supplied all of its restaurants daily or every other day. In an effort to cut costs, the commissary model was abandoned in favor of purchasing food from food services local to each restaurant, as well as substituting Lipton soups and Kraft macaroni and cheese for the previously home-made versions provided by the commissary. Downfall. This overhaul of the chain's demographics, however, proved unsuccessful. Loyal diners felt alienated by the changes made; abandonment of Mr. Knapp's \"from-scratch\" philosophy drove these loyal customers away for good. Furthermore, the campaign failed to recruit the younger-family crowd, resulting in further erosion of the chain's customer base. Another reason for the shift away from the made-from-scratch philosophy was a Listeria outbreak in the early 1990s. As the restaurant struggled to recover from the negative publicity, many new, updated food safety standards were initiated. Some food preparation that was taking place in the restaurants had to be moved back to the commissaries, to be monitored more closely. This was not as cost effective, as more foods needed to be processed and frozen to ensure safety. As commissary costs continued to rise, more of Bill Knapp's signature foods had to be outsourced to larger processing facilities. By 2000, the commissaries were becoming little more than distribution centers.", "Fresh, handmade hamburger patties were replaced by frozen, eggs by a powdered substitute, and even the marinated chicken breasts were coming in frozen packages. (Raw chicken breasts had been marinated overnight in the restaurants.) While the organization elevated food safety standards, higher costs combined with lower quality led the chain to its ultimate downfall. In 2001, Bill Knapp's tried to reverse course by announcing that \"The Tradition is Back,\" restoring the original menu and some original décor, but by then it was too late. On Tuesday May 21, 2002, Bill Knapp’s filed for voluntary Chapter 11 protection in U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the Western District of Michigan. At the time the company operated 29 restaurants. By the end of 2002, the chain's last restaurant had closed. A company controlled by Awrey's heir Marty Carrier acquired the rights to the Bill Knapp's name and dessert recipes in 2005 and began marketing Bill Knapp's bakery products in grocery stores as well as an outlet store in Saline, Michigan, which opened in 2019. References. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "Knapp's Rule states that lenses placed at the anterior focal point of the eye, generally 15 mm in front of the eye, will create similarly sized images on the retina, whenever the disparity between the two eyes is due to a difference in axial length of the eyes. When a refractive error is corrected with spectacle lenses, the retinal images change size. It is magnified with convex lenses and minified with concave lenses. One difficulty, then, in prescribing glasses to an individual with a disparity in refractive error between the two eyes is that a disparity in image size between the two eyes may be created. There is some controversy as to the soundness of Knapp's Rule. References. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />" ], "support": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ] }	{ "mapped_id": "655b553d-b2c5-4537-b2d0-081fb434ad48", "doc_name": "Bill Knapp's", "doc_chunk": "Fresh, handmade hamburger patties were replaced by frozen, eggs by a powdered substitute, and even the marinated chicken breasts were coming in frozen packages. (Raw chicken breasts had been marinated overnight in the restaurants.) While the organization elevated food safety standards, higher costs combined with lower quality led the chain to its ultimate downfall. In 2001, Bill Knapp's tried to reverse course by announcing that \"The Tradition is Back,\" restoring the original menu and some original décor, but by then it was too late. On Tuesday May 21, 2002, Bill Knapp’s filed for voluntary Chapter 11 protection in U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the Western District of Michigan. At the time the company operated 29 restaurants. By the end of 2002, the chain's last restaurant had closed. A company controlled by Awrey's heir Marty Carrier acquired the rights to the Bill Knapp's name and dessert recipes in 2005 and began marketing Bill Knapp's bakery products in grocery stores as well as an outlet store in Saline, Michigan, which opened in 2019. References. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "support": 1 }
naturalqa	95738924-bcfc-45f8-bd29-48c03c6c4770	when does the champions league group stages start	2017–18 UEFA Champions League group stage	[ "12 September" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54325979	1	{ "mapped_id": [ "95738924-bcfc-45f8-bd29-48c03c6c4770", "95738924-bcfc-45f8-bd29-48c03c6c4770", "95738924-bcfc-45f8-bd29-48c03c6c4770", "95738924-bcfc-45f8-bd29-48c03c6c4770", "95738924-bcfc-45f8-bd29-48c03c6c4770" ], "doc_name": [ "2017–18 UEFA Champions League group stage", "2017–18 UEFA Champions League group stage", "2017–18 UEFA Champions League group stage", "2017–18 UEFA Champions League", "2017–18 UEFA Champions League" ], "doc_chunk": [ "International football competition\nThe 2017–18 UEFA Champions League group stage began on 12 September and ended on 6 December 2017. A total of 32 teams competed in the group stage to decide the 16 places in the knockout phase of the 2017–18 UEFA Champions League. Draw. The draw for the group stage was held on 24 August 2017, 18:00 CEST, at the Grimaldi Forum in Monaco. The 32 teams were drawn into eight groups of four, with the restriction that teams from the same association could not be drawn against each other. For the draw, the teams were seeded into four pots based on the following principles:\nOn 17 July 2014, the UEFA emergency panel ruled that Ukrainian and Russian clubs would not be drawn against each other \"until further notice\" due to the political unrest between the countries. Moreover, the draw was controlled for teams from the same association in order to split the teams evenly into the two sets of four groups (A–D, E–H) for maximum television coverage. On each matchday, one set of four groups played their matches on Tuesday, while the other set of four groups played their matches on Wednesday, with the two sets of groups alternating between each matchday. The fixtures were decided after the draw, using a computer draw not shown to public, with the following match sequence (Regulations Article 16.02):\n\"Note: Positions for scheduling did not use the seeding pots, e.g., Team 1 was not necessarily the team from Pot 1 in the draw.\"", "There were certain scheduling restrictions: for example, teams from the same city (e.g., Real Madrid and Atlético Madrid) in general were not scheduled to play at home on the same matchday (to avoid teams from the same city playing at home on the same day or on consecutive days, due to logistics and crowd control), and teams in certain countries (e.g., Russia and Azerbaijan) were not scheduled to play at home on the last matchday (due to cold weather and simultaneous kick-off times). Teams. Below were the participating teams (with their 2017 UEFA club coefficients), grouped by their seeding pot. They included 22 teams which entered in this stage, and the 10 winners of the play-off round (5 in Champions Route, 5 in League Route). Format. In each group, teams played against each other home-and-away in a round-robin format. The group winners and runners-up advanced to the round of 16, while the third-placed teams entered the Europa League round of 32. Tiebreakers. <section begin=Tiebreakers />\nTeams were ranked according to points (3 points for a win, 1 point for a draw, 0 points for a loss), and if tied on points, the following tiebreaking criteria were applied, in the order given, to determine the rankings (Regulations Articles 17.01):\nGroups. The matchdays were 12–13 September, 26–27 September, 17–18 October, 31 October – 1 November, 21–22 November, and 5–6 December 2017.", "The match kickoff times were 20:45 CEST/CET in general, except for certain matches for geographical reasons. Times are CET/CEST, as listed by UEFA (local times are in parentheses). Group A. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude>\nGroup B. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude>\nGroup C.\n<onlyinclude></onlyinclude>\nGroup D.\n<onlyinclude></onlyinclude>\nGroup E.\n<onlyinclude></onlyinclude>\nGroup F.\n<onlyinclude></onlyinclude>\nGroup G.\n<onlyinclude></onlyinclude>\nGroup H.\n<onlyinclude></onlyinclude>\nNotes. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />\nReferences. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "63rd season of the UEFA club football tournament\nInternational football competition\nThe 2017–18 UEFA Champions League was the 63rd season of Europe's premier club football tournament organised by UEFA, and the 26th season since it was renamed from the European Champion Clubs' Cup to the UEFA Champions League. The final was played between Real Madrid and Liverpool at the NSC Olimpiyskiy Stadium in Kyiv, Ukraine. Real Madrid beat Liverpool 3-1 to win a record-extending 13th title, their third title in a row and fourth in five seasons. As winners, Real Madrid qualified as the UEFA representative for the 2018 FIFA Club World Cup in the United Arab Emirates, and also earned the right to play against the winners of the 2017–18 UEFA Europa League, Atlético Madrid, in the 2018 UEFA Super Cup, winning the former. Additionally, they would have been automatically qualified for the 2018–19 UEFA Champions League group stage, but since they had already qualified through their league performance, the berth reserved was given to the champions of the 2017–18 Czech First League, the 11th-ranked association according to the 2018–19 access list. This edition of the Champions League was particularly influenced by controversial refereeing decisions, such as two clear penalties not given to AS Roma in the semifinal. These controversies were among the reasons that pushed UEFA to introduce VAR in the competition starting from the 2018-19 UEFA Champions League. Association team allocation. 79 teams from 54 of the 55 UEFA member associations participated (the exception being Liechtenstein, which did not organise a domestic league).", "The association ranking based on the UEFA country coefficients was used to determine the number of participating teams for each association:\nKosovo, who became a UEFA member on 3 May 2016, made their debut in the UEFA Champions League. Association ranking. For the 2017–18 UEFA Champions League, the associations were allocated places according to their 2016 UEFA country coefficients, which took into account their performance in European competitions from 2011–12 to 2015–16. Apart from the allocation based on the country coefficients, associations could have additional teams participating in the Champions League, as noted below:\nDistribution. In the default access list, the Champions League title holders entered the group stage. However, since Real Madrid already qualified for the group stage (as the champions of the 2016–17 La Liga), the Champions League title holders berth in the group stage was given to the Europa League title holders, Manchester United. and the following changes to the default allocation system are made:\nTeams. League positions of the previous season qualified via league position shown in parentheses. Manchester United qualified as Europa League title holders. (TH: Champions League title holders; EL: Europa League title holders). Round and draw dates. The schedule of the competition was as follows (all draws were held at the UEFA headquarters in Nyon, Switzerland, unless stated otherwise). Qualifying rounds. In the qualifying rounds and the play-off round, teams were divided into seeded and unseeded teams based on their 2017 UEFA club coefficients, and then drawn into two-legged home-and-away ties. Teams from the same association could not be drawn against each other. Third qualifying round." ], "support": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ] }	{ "mapped_id": "95738924-bcfc-45f8-bd29-48c03c6c4770", "doc_name": "2017–18 UEFA Champions League group stage", "doc_chunk": "International football competition\nThe 2017–18 UEFA Champions League group stage began on 12 September and ended on 6 December 2017. A total of 32 teams competed in the group stage to decide the 16 places in the knockout phase of the 2017–18 UEFA Champions League. Draw. The draw for the group stage was held on 24 August 2017, 18:00 CEST, at the Grimaldi Forum in Monaco. The 32 teams were drawn into eight groups of four, with the restriction that teams from the same association could not be drawn against each other. For the draw, the teams were seeded into four pots based on the following principles:\nOn 17 July 2014, the UEFA emergency panel ruled that Ukrainian and Russian clubs would not be drawn against each other \"until further notice\" due to the political unrest between the countries. Moreover, the draw was controlled for teams from the same association in order to split the teams evenly into the two sets of four groups (A–D, E–H) for maximum television coverage. On each matchday, one set of four groups played their matches on Tuesday, while the other set of four groups played their matches on Wednesday, with the two sets of groups alternating between each matchday. The fixtures were decided after the draw, using a computer draw not shown to public, with the following match sequence (Regulations Article 16.02):\n\"Note: Positions for scheduling did not use the seeding pots, e.g., Team 1 was not necessarily the team from Pot 1 in the draw.\"", "support": 1 }
naturalqa	1f6f3943-64b1-4cb0-b2d2-b4a37da37181	macbeth drama in kannada was written by which author	Ramachandra Deva	[ "Ramachandra Deva" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34867192	1	{ "mapped_id": [ "1f6f3943-64b1-4cb0-b2d2-b4a37da37181", "1f6f3943-64b1-4cb0-b2d2-b4a37da37181", "1f6f3943-64b1-4cb0-b2d2-b4a37da37181", "1f6f3943-64b1-4cb0-b2d2-b4a37da37181", "1f6f3943-64b1-4cb0-b2d2-b4a37da37181" ], "doc_name": [ "Ramachandra Deva", "Ramachandra Deva", "Ramachandra Deva I", "Ramachandra Deva I", "Ramachandra Deva I" ], "doc_chunk": [ "Ramachandra Deva (Ramachandrayya Deva) (22 March 1948 – 11 September 2013) was an Indian writer. Deva was born in Kote Mundugaru village in Karnataka, India, to Deva Raghavendrayya and Honnamma. Education. Deva completed his schooling in Kalmadka, Balila, Panja and Puttur and received BA and MA degrees in English literature from the University of Mysore. Bangalore University awarded him a Ph.D for his comparative analysis of Shakespeare translations in English and Indian languages, with particular reference to Kannada-language versions of his plays. He worked as an English lecturer at Milagres College, Kalyanapura; Banumaiah College, Mysore; and National College, Bangalore. Deva served as librarian for the United States Library of Congress Office. He went on to work as assistant editor for the newspaper \"Prajavani\", worked as head of printers' Prakashana and worked as a successful farmer. He translated William Shakespeare's \"Hamlet\" and Macbeth to Kannada in the 1970s, which have received considerable praise and are popularly staged. Works. Deva was an accomplished Kannada poet, writer and playwright. His works include , , (poetry), , (stories), Shakespeare (research work), , (collection of articles), and plays like , , and .", "He wrote scripts for a film by Indian director Girish Kasaravalli and for a documentary on Bhutaradhane by B.V. Karanth.He was the chairman of Bodhi Trust which is a literary cultural organization that publishes books.His work “Mutthu Mattu Ithara Lekhanagalu” won the prestigious “Inandar Award”. He also held Kavyodyoga, an archive for Indian poetry in English translation and also the other Indian languages. Death and legacy. Deva died on 11 September 2013 due to a heart ailment at the age of 67 in Bangalore. His plays and translations continue to be popular and staged regularly, paying homage to his talent. References. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "Ruler of Odisha (r. 1568-1607)\nGajapati Rāmachandra Deva I (1568–1607; popularly called Abhinava Indradyumna) was the founder of the Bhoi dynasty of Khurda in Odisha, India. He became the ruler of Khurda kingdom after defeating Mukunda Deva in 1568. He claimed descent from the Yaduvanshi dynasty which features prominenetly in the Indian epic, Mahabharata. The Odia populace gave him the title of \"Thakura Raja\" as a mark of respect for renovating the damaged Hindu temples that were destroyed by the invasion of Kalapahad. He was titled as \"Vira Sri Gajapati Viradhi Viravara Pratapi Ramachandra Deva\". Early life. Ramachandra Deva was the son of Danai Vidyadhara (a lieutenant of Bhoi king Govinda Vidyadhara) and claimed ancestry from Yaduvansha of Mahabharata. He gained the kingdom of Khurda by defeating the Chalukya king, Mukunda Deva. Ferishta mentioned him as \"a Prince of great fame and Power\". As Kharavela was the morning star when the forward march of the Odias began, Ramachandra Deva was the midnight star; he came to the throne when complete darkness engulfed the people towards the end of the century. Administration.", "Due to the sustained invasion of Afghans over Orissa, Ramachandra Deva accepted the suzerainty of Akbar through Man Singh I of Amer and defeated them with Mughal support. The Mughals took control over Orissa and Ramachandra Deva continued as a subordinate king. In the settlement of 1592, Ramachandra Deva was granted the principality of Khurda by the Mughal emperor. His territory was called Qila Khurda, alienated from the Khalisa and its domain extended from the river Mahanadi to Ganjam. The 31 subordinate Zamindars in his control including all the later tributary Mahalas of Cuttack and south of the river Mahanadi and seven principal Zamindars, which were not styled or titled Rajas. These important chiefs were the zamindars of Keonjhar, Mayurbhanj, Bishnupur, Fatehbad, Narayangarh, Karrangarh and Nag or Bagbhum. Activities. The invasion of Kalapahad brought an immense loss of wealth that was stored in various ancient temples of the region. The reconstruction of these temples was promptly taken up by Ramachandra Deva. He was able to present himself as the successor to the culture and tradition of the former Gajapati kings. He renovated the Jagannath Temple in Puri and reinstalled the idols of the trinity by droving out the muslim forces from the city in 1575 A.D.", "He continued the Gundicha Yatra, eight years after the installation of the deities, which was discontinued after the destruction caused by Kalapahad. For his remarkable work, the king was popularly known as the \"Second Indradymna\" or \"Abhinava Indradyumna\", which is an honorable comparison to the legendary founder of the temple, Maharaja Indradyumna. He established sixteen villages of Brahmins by giving endowments of land and established some forts in the Pipili area - Bhuinmul, Sahajpal, Kharagarh and Kahnan, which are identified with the present Bhuinmulgarh, Sahajpani, Aragarh and Garh Kurki respectively. Amusement. The rulers like Kapilendra Deva, Purushottama Deva, Prataparudra Deva of Suryavansha dynasty and Ramachandra Deva of Bhoi dynasty patronised art and music in Orissa. During his reign classical music, dance and other forms of art reached an apex. In his reign, the young boys were dressed as girls and performed under the guide of Odissi, called the \"Gotipua Nrutya\". Devadasis were originally intended for temple service only but during the time of Ramachandra Deva they were engaged in providing entertainment to the royal court. References. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />" ], "support": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ] }	{ "mapped_id": "1f6f3943-64b1-4cb0-b2d2-b4a37da37181", "doc_name": "Ramachandra Deva", "doc_chunk": "Ramachandra Deva (Ramachandrayya Deva) (22 March 1948 – 11 September 2013) was an Indian writer. Deva was born in Kote Mundugaru village in Karnataka, India, to Deva Raghavendrayya and Honnamma. Education. Deva completed his schooling in Kalmadka, Balila, Panja and Puttur and received BA and MA degrees in English literature from the University of Mysore. Bangalore University awarded him a Ph.D for his comparative analysis of Shakespeare translations in English and Indian languages, with particular reference to Kannada-language versions of his plays. He worked as an English lecturer at Milagres College, Kalyanapura; Banumaiah College, Mysore; and National College, Bangalore. Deva served as librarian for the United States Library of Congress Office. He went on to work as assistant editor for the newspaper \"Prajavani\", worked as head of printers' Prakashana and worked as a successful farmer. He translated William Shakespeare's \"Hamlet\" and Macbeth to Kannada in the 1970s, which have received considerable praise and are popularly staged. Works. Deva was an accomplished Kannada poet, writer and playwright. His works include , , (poetry), , (stories), Shakespeare (research work), , (collection of articles), and plays like , , and .", "support": 1 }
naturalqa	63d1fa8c-2797-4dff-accb-402874a67636	who did the panthers lose to in the playoffs last year	2017 Carolina Panthers season	[ "the Saints" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=52194880	1	{ "mapped_id": [ "63d1fa8c-2797-4dff-accb-402874a67636", "63d1fa8c-2797-4dff-accb-402874a67636", "63d1fa8c-2797-4dff-accb-402874a67636", "63d1fa8c-2797-4dff-accb-402874a67636", "63d1fa8c-2797-4dff-accb-402874a67636" ], "doc_name": [ "2017 Carolina Panthers season", "2017 Carolina Panthers season", "2017 Carolina Panthers season", "2017 Carolina Panthers season", "2017 Carolina Panthers season" ], "doc_chunk": [ "23rd season in franchise history\nThe 2017 season was the Carolina Panthers' 23rd in the National Football League (NFL) and their seventh under head coach Ron Rivera. During the offseason, the team's notable free agent signings included Matt Kalil, Captain Munnerlyn and veteran Julius Peppers. Peppers previously spent his first eight seasons with the Panthers, appearing in Super Bowl XXXVIII with them. On July 17, 2017, the team announced Dave Gettleman had been relieved as general manager. His predecessor, Marty Hurney, was hired as interim general manager a day later. For the first time since 2011, the Panthers did not play the Seattle Seahawks during the regular season. The Panthers rebounded after a disappointing 2016 campaign, where they were the defending NFC champions but finished 6–10 and last in the NFC South. 2017 saw the Panthers qualify for the playoffs with an 11–5 record. However, they lost to the Saints 31–26 in the Wild Card round. As of the 2023 season, this was the last season that the Panthers qualified for the playoffs, making it 6 straight years that they have missed the postseason. This also remains their last winning record. <templatestyles src=\"Template:TOC limit/styles.css\" />\nDraft. Notes\nRegular season. Schedule. Note: Intra-division opponents are in bold text. Game summaries. Week 1: at San Francisco 49ers. Week One: Carolina Panthers at San Francisco 49ers – Game summary\n\"at Levi's Stadium, Santa Clara, California\n!", "Game information\nThe Panthers started off their season by making their first return to Levi's Stadium since losing to the Denver Broncos in Super Bowl 50. Late in the first quarter Cam Newton threw a 40-yard touchdown to Russell Sheppard followed by a Graham Gano field goal. The Panthers scored six more points in the second quarter with two field goals. In the third Jonathan Stewart scored a touchdown, followed by another Gano field goal. With 3:14 left to go in the third quarter, Gano made his third field goal of the day making the score 23–0. Robbie Gould's kick with thirteen seconds to go gave the 49ers their first points of the game. Neither the Panthers or 49ers scored in the fourth quarter, resulting in Carolina defeating San Francisco 23–3. They improved to 1–0. Week 2: vs. Buffalo Bills. Week Two: Buffalo Bills at Carolina Panthers – Game summary\n\"at Bank of America Stadium, Charlotte, North Carolina\n! Game information\nIn the Panthers home opener, Carolina's defense allowed only three points for the second straight week, and Graham Gano converted three field goals as the Panthers held on to defeat the Buffalo Bills 9–3 to remain undefeated. With seconds remaining in the game, Tyrod Taylor's 4th-and-11 pass sailed off diving rookie Zay Jones' fingertips, costing them the game winning touchdown. The Panthers improved to 2–0. Week 3: vs. New Orleans Saints. Week Three: New Orleans Saints at Carolina Panthers – Game summary\n\"at Bank of America Stadium, Charlotte, North Carolina\"\n!", "Game information\nThe Saints were too much for the Panthers as they handed them their first loss of the season, 34–13. The Panthers fell to 2–1. Week 4: at New England Patriots. Week Four: Carolina Panthers at New England Patriots – Game summary\n\"at Gillette Stadium, Foxborough, Massachusetts\n! Game information\nIn the first quarter, both Carolina and New England managed to only kick field goals. New England scored the first touchdown in the second quarter. Carolina answered with a touchdown by Fozzy Whittaker which tied the game again. The Patriots later scored with another Stephen Gostkowski field goal. Devin Funchess caught a ten-yard pass from Newton to give the Panthers a 17–13 lead. With four seconds remaining in the half Gostkowski kicked a 58-yard field goal, making the halftime score 17–16. Carolina had the only score in the third quarter with a Funchess touchdown but Gano missed the extra point. The Panthers started the fourth quarter with Cam Newton rushing for a touchdown, increasing the lead to 30–16. New England managed to score twice, tying the game at 30. With seconds left, Graham Gano kicked the game winning field goal. The Panthers won 33–30 (their first win in Foxborough since 1995) and improved to 3–1, which would also be their record against the Patriots since losing to them in Super Bowl XXXVIII in 2004. Week 5: at Detroit Lions. Week Five: Carolina Panthers at Detroit Lions – Game summary\n\"at Ford Field, Detroit, Michigan\n!", "Game information\nCarolina and Detroit were tied with 3 points apiece at the end of the first quarter. Early in the second, the Lions scored a touchdown, making the score 3–10. The Panthers answered back with a Christian McCaffery touchdown, tying the game again. Devin Funchess scored a touchdown towards the end of the quarter, giving the Panthers a 17–10 lead. The Panthers started the second half with Cam Newton throwing a 31-yard touchdown pass to Kelvin Benjamin. Gano later made a 44-yard field goal to extend the lead to 27–10 going into the fourth quarter. Matthew Stafford threw a touchdown a pass to Fells, cutting the Panthers lead to 27–17. The Lions scored again with another Fells touchdown. The Panthers held on and won 27–24, improving to 4–1. Week 6: vs. Philadelphia Eagles. Week Six: Philadelphia Eagles at Carolina Panthers – Game summary\n\"at Bank of America Stadium, Charlotte, North Carolina\"\n! Game information\nOn Thursday Night Football, both teams wore their Color Rush uniforms. The Eagles beat the Panthers 28–23, and Carolina fell to 4–2. Week 7: at Chicago Bears. Week Seven: Carolina Panthers at Chicago Bears – Game summary\n\"at Soldier Field, Chicago, Illinois\n! Game information\nThe Panthers lost for a second straight week by managing to score only one field goal in Chicago. The Bears beat Carolina 17–3, and they fell to 4–3. Week 8: at Tampa Bay Buccaneers. Week Eight: Carolina Panthers at Tampa Bay Buccaneers – Game summary\n\"at Raymond James Stadium, Tampa, Florida\n!", "Game information\nThe Panthers bounced back after a two-week losing streak, and beat their division rivals 17–3. Carolina improved to 5–3. Week 9: vs. Atlanta Falcons. Week Nine: Atlanta Falcons at Carolina Panthers – Game summary\n\"at Bank of America Stadium, Charlotte, North Carolina\"\n! Game information\nThis was the Panthers' first game without wide receiver Kelvin Benjamin, who was traded to Buffalo days earlier. In this game, neither team scored in the same quarter. The Falcons were the only team to score in the first quarter, and led 10–0 going into the second. It was vice versa in the second, as Carolina scored two touchdowns for a four-point lead at the half. Atlanta was scoreless again in the third but Carolina scored on two Graham Gano field goals, making it 20–10. Atlanta had the only score of the fourth quarter, but Carolina survived and won 20–17. Their record improved to 6–3. Week 10: vs. Miami Dolphins. Week Ten: Miami Dolphins at Carolina Panthers – Game summary\n\"at Bank of America Stadium, Charlotte, North Carolina\"\n! Game information\nIn this Monday Night Football game, the Panthers beat the Dolphins 45–21 and improved to 7–3. Week 12: at New York Jets. Week Twelve: Carolina Panthers at New York Jets – Game summary\n\"at MetLife Stadium, East Rutherford, New Jersey\n! Game information\nIn the first quarter Carolina and New York scored only a field goal each. In the second quarter, Cam Newton scored a 1-yard touchdown but Graham Gano missed the extra point." ], "support": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ] }	{ "mapped_id": "63d1fa8c-2797-4dff-accb-402874a67636", "doc_name": "2017 Carolina Panthers season", "doc_chunk": "23rd season in franchise history\nThe 2017 season was the Carolina Panthers' 23rd in the National Football League (NFL) and their seventh under head coach Ron Rivera. During the offseason, the team's notable free agent signings included Matt Kalil, Captain Munnerlyn and veteran Julius Peppers. Peppers previously spent his first eight seasons with the Panthers, appearing in Super Bowl XXXVIII with them. On July 17, 2017, the team announced Dave Gettleman had been relieved as general manager. His predecessor, Marty Hurney, was hired as interim general manager a day later. For the first time since 2011, the Panthers did not play the Seattle Seahawks during the regular season. The Panthers rebounded after a disappointing 2016 campaign, where they were the defending NFC champions but finished 6–10 and last in the NFC South. 2017 saw the Panthers qualify for the playoffs with an 11–5 record. However, they lost to the Saints 31–26 in the Wild Card round. As of the 2023 season, this was the last season that the Panthers qualified for the playoffs, making it 6 straight years that they have missed the postseason. This also remains their last winning record. <templatestyles src=\"Template:TOC limit/styles.css\" />\nDraft. Notes\nRegular season. Schedule. Note: Intra-division opponents are in bold text. Game summaries. Week 1: at San Francisco 49ers. Week One: Carolina Panthers at San Francisco 49ers – Game summary\n\"at Levi's Stadium, Santa Clara, California\n!", "support": 1 }
naturalqa	653c2398-0c3c-4414-a3a8-c4ac818aca82	where does the movie revolutionary road take place	Revolutionary Road (film)	[ "suburban Connecticut" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=10215404	1	{ "mapped_id": [ "653c2398-0c3c-4414-a3a8-c4ac818aca82", "653c2398-0c3c-4414-a3a8-c4ac818aca82", "653c2398-0c3c-4414-a3a8-c4ac818aca82", "653c2398-0c3c-4414-a3a8-c4ac818aca82", "653c2398-0c3c-4414-a3a8-c4ac818aca82" ], "doc_name": [ "Revolutionary Road (film)", "Revolutionary Road (film)", "Revolutionary Road (film)", "Revolutionary Road (film)", "Revolutionary Road (film)" ], "doc_chunk": [ "2008 film by Sam Mendes\nRevolutionary Road is a 2008 romantic drama film directed by Sam Mendes and written by Justin Haythe, based on the 1961 novel of the same name by Richard Yates. It stars Leonardo DiCaprio and Kate Winslet as Frank and April Wheeler, with Michael Shannon, Kathryn Hahn, David Harbour, and Kathy Bates in supporting roles. Set in the mid-1950s, the Wheelers struggle to cope with their personal problems and the ensuing breakdown in their marriage. \"Revolutionary Road\" is the second onscreen collaboration for DiCaprio, Winslet, and Bates, all of whom previously co-starred in 1997's \"Titanic\". The film soundtrack was composed by Thomas Newman, his fourth collaboration with Mendes. Development of the film adaptation began in 1961. However, a lack of commercial prospects and disagreements with the screenplay caused the project to be in limbo until the 2000s. BBC Films eventually purchased the film rights to the novel and Haythe rewrote the screenplay. Winslet read the script and persuaded her then-husband Mendes to direct, and DiCaprio to play the role of Frank. \"Revolutionary Road\" was theatrically released in the United States on December 26, 2008, by Paramount Pictures. The film grossed over $79.6 million worldwide and received positive reviews from critics, who mostly praised the performances of Winslet, DiCaprio, and Shannon, as well as its faithfulness to the novel. At the 81st Academy Awards, the film earned three nominations: Best Supporting Actor for Shannon, Best Art Direction, and Best Costume Design.", "It also received four nominations at the 62nd British Academy Film Awards and four nominations, including Best Motion Picture – Drama, at the 66th Golden Globe Awards, with Winslet winning Best Actress. Plot. In 1948, longshoreman Frank Wheeler meets a woman named April at a party. He is hoping to be a cashier and she wants to be an actress. Frank later secures a sales position with Knox Machines, and he and April marry. The Wheelers move to 115 Revolutionary Road in suburban Connecticut when April becomes pregnant. The couple become friends with their realtor Helen Givings and her husband Howard Givings, and neighbor Milly Campbell and her husband Shep. To their associates, the Wheelers are the perfect couple, but their relationship is troubled. April fails to make a career out of acting, while Frank hates the tedium of his work. On his 30th birthday, Frank invites a secretary at work to have a drink with him at a bar. She accepts, becomes heavily intoxicated, and they end up having sex. Meanwhile, Helen has asked April if they will meet her son, John, who had been in an insane asylum. She thinks the younger couple may be able to help her son with his condition. April accepts. April wants a change of scenery and a chance to support the family so Frank can find his passion, so she suggests that they move to Paris to start a new life away from the \"hopeless emptiness\" of their lifestyle. Frank balks at the idea at first, but becomes convinced.", "Over the next several weeks, the Wheelers tell their acquaintances about their plans to live in Paris, but surprisingly, the only person who seems to comprehend their decision is John. As the couple prepare to move, they are forced to reconsider. Frank is offered a promotion, and April becomes pregnant again. When Frank discovers she is contemplating having an abortion, the couple have an altercation, in which April says that they had their second child only to prove the first child was not a \"mistake\". The next day, Frank takes the promotion and tries to accept his uneventful life. At the end of an evening at a jazz bar with the Campbells, Shep and April end up alone together. She confides in him of her depression over the canceled Paris plans and her life in general, and they end up having sex in the car. Shep professes his long-held love for April, but she rejects his interest. The following day, Frank confesses to having had an affair, hoping to reconcile with April. To his surprise, April responds apathetically and tells him it does not matter, as her love for him has gone, which he does not believe. The Givings come over for dinner, and Frank announces to the guests that their plans have changed because April is pregnant. John lambasts Frank for crushing April's hope, as well as his acceptance of his circumstances. Angered, Frank nearly attacks John, and the Givings leave. Afterwards, Frank and April have an altercation, and April leaves the house to think. Frank spends the night in a drunken stupor.", "The next day, he is shocked to find April in the kitchen, calmly making breakfast. Frank, unsure of how to react, eats with her and then leaves for work. April then goes to the bathroom, where she—offscreen—performs a vacuum aspiration abortion on herself. Afterwards, she discovers she is bleeding and calls an ambulance. Frank arrives at the hospital, distraught, and is comforted by Shep. April dies in the hospital from blood loss. A guilty Frank moves to the city and starts selling computers. He spends his spare time with his children. A new couple, the Braces, buys their old home and Milly tells the story of the Wheelers to them. Shep stands up and walks out of the house, crying; he asks Milly to never talk about the Wheelers ever again. Helen talks to her husband, years later, about how the Braces seem to be the best-suited couple for the Wheelers' old house. When her husband mentions the Wheelers, Helen starts to explain why she did not like them. As she continues to elaborate, her husband turns off his hearing aid. Cast. <templatestyles src=\"Div col/styles.css\"/>* Leonardo DiCaprio as Frank Wheeler\nProduction. Development and casting. In 1961, following the publication of Richard Yates' novel, director John Frankenheimer considered making the film, but opted to make \"The Manchurian Candidate\" instead. Samuel Goldwyn Jr. expressed an interest in the film adaptation, but others in his studio told him that it lacked commercial prospects.", "Then in 1965, producer Albert S. Ruddy bought the rights but disliked the ending to the novel, and wanted to obscure April's death with \"tricky camerawork\". He became involved in adapting \"The Godfather\" and, five years later, while a writer-in-residence at Wichita State University, Yates offered to adapt his work for the screen. Ruddy was occupied by other projects at the time and demurred, eventually selling the rights to actor Patrick O'Neal. The actor praised the book and spent the rest of his life trying to finish a workable screenplay. Yates read O'Neal's treatment of his novel and found it \"godawful\", but O'Neal refused the writer's repeated offers to buy back the rights to the novel. Yates died in 1992, O'Neal two years later. The project remained in limbo until 2001 when actor Todd Field expressed interest in adapting it for the screen. However, when told by the O'Neal estate he would be required to shoot O'Neal's script as written, Field changed his mind and went on to direct \"Little Children\" instead. Producer David Thompson eventually purchased the rights for BBC Films. In March 2007, BBC Films established a partnership with DreamWorks, and the rights to the film's distribution were transferred to DreamWorks' owner, Paramount Pictures. On February 14, 2008, Paramount's other division, Paramount Vantage, announced that it was \"taking over distribution duties on \"Revolutionary Road\"\"." ], "support": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ] }	{ "mapped_id": "653c2398-0c3c-4414-a3a8-c4ac818aca82", "doc_name": "Revolutionary Road (film)", "doc_chunk": "It also received four nominations at the 62nd British Academy Film Awards and four nominations, including Best Motion Picture – Drama, at the 66th Golden Globe Awards, with Winslet winning Best Actress. Plot. In 1948, longshoreman Frank Wheeler meets a woman named April at a party. He is hoping to be a cashier and she wants to be an actress. Frank later secures a sales position with Knox Machines, and he and April marry. The Wheelers move to 115 Revolutionary Road in suburban Connecticut when April becomes pregnant. The couple become friends with their realtor Helen Givings and her husband Howard Givings, and neighbor Milly Campbell and her husband Shep. To their associates, the Wheelers are the perfect couple, but their relationship is troubled. April fails to make a career out of acting, while Frank hates the tedium of his work. On his 30th birthday, Frank invites a secretary at work to have a drink with him at a bar. She accepts, becomes heavily intoxicated, and they end up having sex. Meanwhile, Helen has asked April if they will meet her son, John, who had been in an insane asylum. She thinks the younger couple may be able to help her son with his condition. April accepts. April wants a change of scenery and a chance to support the family so Frank can find his passion, so she suggests that they move to Paris to start a new life away from the \"hopeless emptiness\" of their lifestyle. Frank balks at the idea at first, but becomes convinced.", "support": 1 }
naturalqa	82d1af2c-e5fc-4737-8872-b9b5fd2c1598	on what day of the year is the sun near the star regulus (alpha leo)	Regulus	[ "August 22" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=205721	1	{ "mapped_id": [ "82d1af2c-e5fc-4737-8872-b9b5fd2c1598", "82d1af2c-e5fc-4737-8872-b9b5fd2c1598", "82d1af2c-e5fc-4737-8872-b9b5fd2c1598", "82d1af2c-e5fc-4737-8872-b9b5fd2c1598", "82d1af2c-e5fc-4737-8872-b9b5fd2c1598" ], "doc_name": [ "Regulus", "Regulus", "Regulus", "Regulus", "Regulus" ], "doc_chunk": [ "Brightest star in the constellation Leo\n</td>\n! style=\"text-align: center; background-color: #FFFFC0;\" colspan=\"2\" \| Observation dataEpoch J2000 Equinox J2000\n! style=\"text-align:left\" \| \n! style=\"text-align:left\" \| Apparent magnitude (V)\n! style=\"text-align:left\" \| Apparent magnitude (V)\n! style=\"background-color: #FFFFC0; text-align: center;\" colspan=\"2\"\| Characteristics\n! style=\"text-align:center\" colspan=\"2\" \| Regulus A\n! style=\"text-align:left\" \| Evolutionary stage\n! style=\"text-align:left\" \| Spectral type\n! style=\"text-align:left\" \| U−B \n! style=\"text-align:left\" \| B−V \n! style=\"text-align:left\" \| Variable type\n! style=\"text-align:center\" colspan=\"2\" \| Regulus BC\n! style=\"text-align:left\" \| Evolutionary stage\n! style=\"text-align:left\" \| Spectral type\n! style=\"text-align:left\" \| U−B \n!", "style=\"text-align:left\" \| B−V \n</th></tr>\n</th></tr>\n</th></tr>\nRegulus is the brightest object in the constellation Leo and one of the brightest stars in the night sky. It has the Bayer designation designated α Leonis, which is Latinized to Alpha Leonis, and abbreviated Alpha Leo or α Leo. Regulus appears singular, but is actually a quadruple star system composed of four stars that are organized into two pairs. The spectroscopic binary Regulus A consists of a blue-white main-sequence star and its companion, which has not yet been directly observed, but is probably a white dwarf. The system lies approximately 79 light years from the Sun. HD 87884 is separated from Regulus by and is itself a close pair. Regulus, along with five slightly dimmer stars (Zeta Leonis, Mu Leonis, Gamma Leonis, Epsilon Leonis, and Eta Leonis) have collectively been called 'the Sickle', which is an asterism that marks the head of Leo. Nomenclature. \"α Leonis\" (Latinized to \"Alpha Leonis\") is the star system's Bayer designation. The traditional name \"Rēgulus\" is Latin for 'prince' or 'little king'. In 2016, the International Astronomical Union organized a Working Group on Star Names (WGSN) to catalog and standardize proper names for stars.", "The WGSN's first bulletin of July 2016 included a table of the first two batches of names approved by the WGSN; which included \"Regulus\" for this star. It is now so entered in the IAU Catalog of Star Names. Observation. The Regulus system as a whole is the twenty-first brightest star in the night sky with an apparent magnitude of +1.35. The light output is dominated by Regulus A. Regulus B, if seen in isolation, would be a binocular object of magnitude +8.1, and its companion, Regulus C, the faintest of the three stars that has been directly observed, would require a substantial telescope to be seen, at magnitude +13.5. Regulus A is itself a spectroscopic binary; the secondary star has not yet been directly observed as it is much fainter than the primary. The BC pair lies at an angular distance of 177 arc-seconds from Regulus A, making them visible in amateur telescopes. Regulus is 0.465 degrees from the ecliptic, the closest of the bright stars, and is often occulted by the Moon. This occurs in spates every 9.3 years, due to lunar precession. The last spate was around 2017, with occultations every month from December 2016 till July 2017, each one limited to certain areas on Earth. Occultations by Mercury and Venus are possible but rare, as are occultations by asteroids.", "Seven other stars which have a Bayer designation are less than 0.9° from the ecliptic (perfected, mean plane of Earth's orbit and mean apparent path of the Sun) the next brightest of which is δ (Delta) Geminorum, of magnitude +3.53. As Regulus closely aligns to the mean orbits of large bodies of the Solar System and involves more light reaching the Earth than such other stars, the system has advanced telescopic use (to study and identify objects occulting and casting their shadow on a telescope, including known or unknown asteroids of the Solar System such as Trojans, being in line by definition with their associated planetary plane). The last occultation of Regulus by a planet was on July 7, 1959, by Venus. The next will occur on October 1, 2044, also by Venus. Other planets will not occult Regulus over the next few millennia because of their node positions. An occultation of Regulus by the asteroid 166 Rhodope was filmed in Italy on October 19, 2005. Differential bending of light was measured to be consistent with general relativity. Regulus was occulted by the asteroid 163 Erigone in the early morning of March 20, 2014. The center of the shadow path passed through New York and eastern Ontario, but no one is known to have seen it, due to cloud cover. The International Occultation Timing Association recorded no observations at all.", "Although best seen in the evening in the northern hemisphere's late winter and spring, Regulus appears at some time of night throughout the year except for about a month (depending on ability to compensate for the sun's glare, ideally done so in twilight) on either side of August 22–24, when the Sun is too close. The star can be viewed the whole night, crossing the sky, in late February. Regulus passes through SOHO's LASCO C3 every August. For Earth observers, the heliacal rising (pre-sunrise appearance) of Regulus occurs late in the first week of September, or in the second week. Every 8 years, Venus passes very near the star system around or a few days before the heliacal rising, as on 5 September 2022 (the superior conjunction of Venus happens about two days earlier with each turn of its 8-year cycle, so as this cycle continues Venus will more definitely pass Regulus \"before\" the star's heliacal rising). Stellar system. Regulus is a multiple star system consisting of at least four stars. Regulus A is the dominant star, with a binary companion 177\" distant that is thought to be physically related. Regulus D is a 12th magnitude companion at 212\", but is an unrelated background object. Regulus A is a binary star consisting of a blue-white subgiant star of spectral type B8, which is orbited by a star of at least 0.3 solar masses, which is probably a white dwarf. The two stars take approximately 40 days to complete an orbit around their common centre of mass." ], "support": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ] }	{ "mapped_id": "82d1af2c-e5fc-4737-8872-b9b5fd2c1598", "doc_name": "Regulus", "doc_chunk": "Although best seen in the evening in the northern hemisphere's late winter and spring, Regulus appears at some time of night throughout the year except for about a month (depending on ability to compensate for the sun's glare, ideally done so in twilight) on either side of August 22–24, when the Sun is too close. The star can be viewed the whole night, crossing the sky, in late February. Regulus passes through SOHO's LASCO C3 every August. For Earth observers, the heliacal rising (pre-sunrise appearance) of Regulus occurs late in the first week of September, or in the second week. Every 8 years, Venus passes very near the star system around or a few days before the heliacal rising, as on 5 September 2022 (the superior conjunction of Venus happens about two days earlier with each turn of its 8-year cycle, so as this cycle continues Venus will more definitely pass Regulus \"before\" the star's heliacal rising). Stellar system. Regulus is a multiple star system consisting of at least four stars. Regulus A is the dominant star, with a binary companion 177\" distant that is thought to be physically related. Regulus D is a 12th magnitude companion at 212\", but is an unrelated background object. Regulus A is a binary star consisting of a blue-white subgiant star of spectral type B8, which is orbited by a star of at least 0.3 solar masses, which is probably a white dwarf. The two stars take approximately 40 days to complete an orbit around their common centre of mass.", "support": 1 }
naturalqa	4f2576b5-cd0e-4da6-b308-b1cea1d89571	when do symptoms of axon damage show up	Diffuse axonal injury	[ "hours to days after the initial injury" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1212182	1	{ "mapped_id": [ "4f2576b5-cd0e-4da6-b308-b1cea1d89571", "4f2576b5-cd0e-4da6-b308-b1cea1d89571", "4f2576b5-cd0e-4da6-b308-b1cea1d89571", "4f2576b5-cd0e-4da6-b308-b1cea1d89571", "4f2576b5-cd0e-4da6-b308-b1cea1d89571" ], "doc_name": [ "Diffuse axonal injury", "Diffuse axonal injury", "Diffuse axonal injury", "Diffuse axonal injury", "Diffuse axonal injury" ], "doc_chunk": [ "Medical condition\nDiffuse axonal injury (DAI) is a brain injury in which scattered lesions occur over a widespread area in white matter tracts as well as grey matter. DAI is one of the most common and devastating types of traumatic brain injury and is a major cause of unconsciousness and persistent vegetative state after severe head trauma. It occurs in about half of all cases of severe head trauma and may be the primary damage that occurs in concussion. The outcome is frequently coma, with over 90% of patients with severe DAI never regaining consciousness. Those who awaken from the coma often remain significantly impaired. DAI can occur across the spectrum of traumatic brain injury (TBI) severity, wherein the burden of injury increases from mild to severe. Concussion may be a milder type of diffuse axonal injury. Mechanism. DAI is the result of traumatic shearing forces that occur when the head is rapidly accelerated or decelerated, as may occur in car accidents, falls, and assaults. Vehicle accidents are the most frequent cause of DAI; it can also occur as the result of child abuse such as in shaken baby syndrome. Immediate disconnection of axons may be observed in severe brain injury, but the major damage of DAI is delayed secondary axon disconnections, slowly developed over an extended time course. Tracts of axons, which appear white due to myelination, are referred to as white matter. Lesions in both grey and white matter are found in postmortem brains in CT and MRI exams.", "Besides mechanical breakage of the axonal cytoskeleton, DAI pathology also includes secondary physiological changes, such as interrupted axonal transport, progressive swellings known as axonal varicosities, and degeneration. Recent studies have linked these changes to twisting and misalignment of broken axon microtubules, as well as tau protein and amyloid precursor protein (APP) deposition. Characteristics. Lesions typically are found in the white matter of brains injured by DAI; these lesions vary in size from about 1–15 mm and are distributed in a characteristic pattern. DAI most commonly affects white matter in areas including the brain stem, the corpus callosum, and the cerebral hemispheres. The lobes of the brain most likely to be injured are the frontal and temporal lobes. Other common locations for DAI include the white matter in the cerebral cortex, the superior cerebral peduncles, basal ganglia, thalamus, and deep hemispheric nuclei. These areas may be more easily damaged because of the difference in density between them and the other regions of the brain. Histological characteristics. DAI is characterized by axonal separation, in which the axon is torn at the site of stretch and the part distal to the tear degrades by a process known as Wallerian degeneration.", "While it was once thought that the main cause of axonal separation was tearing due to mechanical forces during the trauma event, it is now understood that axons are not typically torn upon impact; rather, secondary biochemical cascades, which occur in response to the primary injury (which occurs as the result of mechanical forces at the moment of trauma) and take place hours to days after the initial injury, are largely responsible for the damage to axons. Though the processes involved in secondary brain injury are still poorly understood, it is now accepted that stretching of axons during injury causes physical disruption to and proteolytic degradation of the cytoskeleton. It also opens sodium channels in the axolemma, which causes voltage-gated calcium channels to open and Ca2+ to flow into the cell. The intracellular presence of Ca2+ triggers several different pathways, including activating phospholipases and proteolytic enzymes damaging mitochondria and the cytoskeleton, and activating secondary messengers, which can lead to separation of the axon and death of the cell. Cytoskeleton disruption. Axons are normally elastic, but when rapidly stretched they become brittle, and the axonal cytoskeleton can be broken. Misalignment of cytoskeletal elements after stretch injury can lead to tearing of the axon and death of the neuron. Axonal transport continues up to the point of the break in the cytoskeleton, but no further, leading to a buildup of transport products and local swelling at that point.", "When this swelling becomes large enough, it can tear the axon at the site of the cytoskeleton break, causing it to draw back toward the cell body and form a bulb. This bulb is called a \"retraction ball\", the histological hallmark of diffuse axonal injury. When the axon is torn, Wallerian degeneration, in which the part of the axon distal to the break degrades, takes place within one to two days after injury. The axolemma disintegrates, myelin breaks down and begins to detach from the cell in an anterograde direction (from the body of the cell toward the end of the axon), and nearby cells begin phagocytic activity, engulfing the cellular debris. Calcium influx. While sometimes only the cytoskeleton is disturbed, frequently disruption of the axolemma occurs as well, causing the influx of Ca2+ ions into the cell and unleashing a variety of degradational processes. An increase in Ca2+ and Na+ levels and a drop in K+ levels are found within the axon immediately after injury. Possible routes of Ca2+ entry include sodium channels, pores formed in the membrane during stretch, and failure of ATP-dependent transporters due to mechanical blockage or lack of available metabolic energy.", "High levels of intracellular Ca2+, the major cause of post-injury cell damage, destroy mitochondria, and trigger phospholipases and proteolytic enzymes that damage Na+ channels and degrade or alter the cytoskeleton and the axoplasm. Excess Ca2+ can also lead to damage to the blood–brain barrier and swelling of the brain. One of the proteins activated by the presence of calcium in the cell is calpain, a Ca2+-dependent non-lysosomal protease. About 15 minutes to half an hour after the onset of injury, a process called calpain-mediated spectrin proteolysis, or CMSP, begins to occur. Calpain breaks down a molecule called spectrin, which holds the membrane onto the cytoskeleton, causing the formation of blebs and the breakdown of the cytoskeleton and the membrane, and ultimately the death of the cell. Other molecules that can be degraded by calpains are microtubule subunits, microtubule-associated proteins, and neurofilaments. Generally occurring one to six hours into the process of post-stretch injury, the presence of calcium in the cell initiates the caspase cascade, a process in cell injury that usually leads to apoptosis, or \"programmed cell death\". Mitochondria, dendrites, and parts of the cytoskeleton damaged in the injury have a limited ability to heal and regenerate, a process which occurs over two or more weeks." ], "support": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ] }	{ "mapped_id": "4f2576b5-cd0e-4da6-b308-b1cea1d89571", "doc_name": "Diffuse axonal injury", "doc_chunk": "While it was once thought that the main cause of axonal separation was tearing due to mechanical forces during the trauma event, it is now understood that axons are not typically torn upon impact; rather, secondary biochemical cascades, which occur in response to the primary injury (which occurs as the result of mechanical forces at the moment of trauma) and take place hours to days after the initial injury, are largely responsible for the damage to axons. Though the processes involved in secondary brain injury are still poorly understood, it is now accepted that stretching of axons during injury causes physical disruption to and proteolytic degradation of the cytoskeleton. It also opens sodium channels in the axolemma, which causes voltage-gated calcium channels to open and Ca2+ to flow into the cell. The intracellular presence of Ca2+ triggers several different pathways, including activating phospholipases and proteolytic enzymes damaging mitochondria and the cytoskeleton, and activating secondary messengers, which can lead to separation of the axon and death of the cell. Cytoskeleton disruption. Axons are normally elastic, but when rapidly stretched they become brittle, and the axonal cytoskeleton can be broken. Misalignment of cytoskeletal elements after stretch injury can lead to tearing of the axon and death of the neuron. Axonal transport continues up to the point of the break in the cytoskeleton, but no further, leading to a buildup of transport products and local swelling at that point.", "support": 1 }
naturalqa	09ee1c68-7198-4fe8-8164-71a171cbd490	what is the top of a pyramid called	Pyramidion	[ "pyramidion" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2382971	4	{ "mapped_id": [ "09ee1c68-7198-4fe8-8164-71a171cbd490", "09ee1c68-7198-4fe8-8164-71a171cbd490", "09ee1c68-7198-4fe8-8164-71a171cbd490", "09ee1c68-7198-4fe8-8164-71a171cbd490", "09ee1c68-7198-4fe8-8164-71a171cbd490" ], "doc_name": [ "Pyramidion", "Pyramidion", "Pyramidion (album)", "Pyramidion of Amenemhat III", "Pyramidion of Amenemhat III" ], "doc_chunk": [ "Capstone of an ancient Egyptian pyramid or obeliskA pyramidion (plural: pyramidia) is the capstone of an Egyptian pyramid or the upper section of an obelisk. Speakers of the Ancient Egyptian language referred to pyramidia as \"benbenet\" and associated the pyramid as a whole with the sacred benben stone. Pyramidia were usually made of limestone, sandstone, basalt or granite, and were sometimes covered with plates of copper, gold or electrum. From the Middle Kingdom onward, they were often \"inscribed with royal titles and religious symbols\". Notable pyramidia. Egyptian Museum. Four pyramidia are housed in the main hall of the Egyptian Museum in Cairo: \nRed Pyramid. A badly damaged white Tura limestone pyramidion, thought to have been made for the Red Pyramid of Sneferu at Dahshur, has been reconstructed and is on open-air display beside that pyramid; it presents a minor mystery, however, as its angle of inclination is steeper than that of the edifice it was apparently built to surmount. Private brick pyramids with pyramidia. During the New Kingdom, some private underground tombs were marked on the surface by small brick pyramids that terminated in pyramidia. The four lateral sides included texts and scenes related to the cult of the Sun God (as the representation of Pharaoh). The scenes typically depict the course of the sun, rising on one lateral face, setting on the opposite face, and traveling, through the night, through the underworld, ruled by Osiris. Scribe Mose pyramidion.", "The pyramidion of Mose (mes,s, New Kingdom, 19th Dynasty, c. 1250 BC, limestone, 53 cm tall) depicts himself making an offering, with his name on two opposite faces. The adjacent opposite faces feature a baboon: \"Screeching upon the rising of the Sun, and the Day\". (The baboon is also the god-scribe representation of the Scribe, for the god Thoth.) Ptahemwia pyramidion. The pyramidion of Ptahemwia (19th Dynasty, Ramesside Period, c. 1200 BC, \"limestone\", 28 cm wide, 42 cm tall) likewise displays sun-related scenes. The Sun God, Re-Horakhti, and the god of the Underworld, Osiris, are shown on one lateral face. Facing the two gods, on the adjacent lateral face, is the deceased Ptahemwia, standing in an offering pose, facing three columns of hieroglyphs. References. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "Pyramidion is a 5 track EP by English band Ozric Tentacles. It was initially released in 2001 on Stretchy Records, and later re-issued on Snapper. Notes. Only the title track on this EP is new. The rest are older tunes that were recorded live at the Boardwalk in Sheffield, England in 2000. The liner notes by Simon \"Eddie\" Baker say that the live tracks were not planned to be recorded, but Ed's older half-brother and recording wiz John Bennett appeared unexpectedly on the night of the gig with his recording equipment. Trivia. A Pyramidion is the uppermost piece of an Egyptian pyramid. References. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "Capstone of the Black Pyramid in Egypt\nThe pyramidion of Amenemhat III is the capstone that once crowned the Black Pyramid at Dashur, Egypt. Crafted around 1850 BC, towards the end of the 12th Dynasty during the Middle Kingdom, it remained mostly intact and is now located in the Egyptian Museum in Cairo. Rediscovery. In 1900, the then-director of the Department of Antiquities Gaston Maspero had Dashur inspected, after the guards at the Saqqara necropolis were attacked by robbers. On the east side of the pyramid of Amenemhat, a grey block was found sticking out of the sand, which, upon closer inspection, was decorated with beautiful inscriptions. After excavation, the pyramidion was transported to the Egyptian Museum in Cairo. Description. The pyramidion, carved out of single piece of basalt (often called black granite), is mostly intact apart from a broken corner. With a height of and base length , it weighs around . The bottom edges are undercut to keep the block in position atop the pyramid. Inscriptions. The four upper faces were polished and inscribed. The side which pointed to the east is adorned with a winged sun disk flanked by two uraei. Below, two \"wedjat\" represent the eyes of the king himself. Further down, three \"nefer\" signs stand for beauty or perfection. Finally, a sun disk represents the god Ra, from which the throne name of Amenemhat \"Ni-maat-re\" extends to the right and his personal name \"Imen-em-hat\" to the left.", "As a whole, the composition reads: \"Amenemhat beholds the perfection of Ra\".\"\" Along the bottom of the four upper faces, two lines of inscriptions run:\nEastern Face\nThe eastern commences with: (top row) \"Words spoken, may the sight be open to the king of upper and lower Egypt, the lord of the two lands, Nimaatre, so he may see the lord of the horizon and his crossing of the upper sky. May it be given the appearing to the Son of Ra, Amenemhat, as a god, lord of everlasting and indestructible. (bottom row) Word spoken, by the sovereign, I have given the beautiful horizon, the Two Ladies (Nekhbet and Wadjet), and he who takes the inheritance of the two lands, so you may rest upon it, which pleases the sky. Word spoken by the horizon: may you rest upon it, which please the sky\". Northern Face\nThe northern commences with: (top row) \"Word spoken, higher is the Ba of the king of upper and lower Egypt, Nimaatre, than the height of Orion as it joins the Duat. Ra-Horakhty, he makes firm, the Son of Ra, of his body, Amenemhat, who is in the midst of the northern starry sky, and Neith who is content concerning it\"." ], "support": [ 1, 1, 1, 1, 0 ] }	{ "mapped_id": "09ee1c68-7198-4fe8-8164-71a171cbd490", "doc_name": "Pyramidion", "doc_chunk": "Capstone of an ancient Egyptian pyramid or obeliskA pyramidion (plural: pyramidia) is the capstone of an Egyptian pyramid or the upper section of an obelisk. Speakers of the Ancient Egyptian language referred to pyramidia as \"benbenet\" and associated the pyramid as a whole with the sacred benben stone. Pyramidia were usually made of limestone, sandstone, basalt or granite, and were sometimes covered with plates of copper, gold or electrum. From the Middle Kingdom onward, they were often \"inscribed with royal titles and religious symbols\". Notable pyramidia. Egyptian Museum. Four pyramidia are housed in the main hall of the Egyptian Museum in Cairo: \nRed Pyramid. A badly damaged white Tura limestone pyramidion, thought to have been made for the Red Pyramid of Sneferu at Dahshur, has been reconstructed and is on open-air display beside that pyramid; it presents a minor mystery, however, as its angle of inclination is steeper than that of the edifice it was apparently built to surmount. Private brick pyramids with pyramidia. During the New Kingdom, some private underground tombs were marked on the surface by small brick pyramids that terminated in pyramidia. The four lateral sides included texts and scenes related to the cult of the Sun God (as the representation of Pharaoh). The scenes typically depict the course of the sun, rising on one lateral face, setting on the opposite face, and traveling, through the night, through the underworld, ruled by Osiris. Scribe Mose pyramidion.", "support": 1 }
naturalqa	6a89ba95-c14e-4be3-8108-17977ca8e57d	what does nec aspera terrent mean in english	27th Infantry Regiment (United States)	[ "often stated as \"No Fear on Earth.\"", "translates to \"Frightened by no Difficulties,\"" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8660452	1	{ "mapped_id": [ "6a89ba95-c14e-4be3-8108-17977ca8e57d", "6a89ba95-c14e-4be3-8108-17977ca8e57d", "6a89ba95-c14e-4be3-8108-17977ca8e57d", "6a89ba95-c14e-4be3-8108-17977ca8e57d", "6a89ba95-c14e-4be3-8108-17977ca8e57d" ], "doc_name": [ "27th Infantry Regiment (United States)", "27th Infantry Regiment (United States)", "27th Infantry Regiment (United States)", "27th Infantry Regiment (United States)", "27th Infantry Regiment (United States)" ], "doc_chunk": [ "Military unit\nThe 27th Infantry Regiment, nicknamed the \"Wolfhounds\", is a regiment of the United States Army established in 1901, that served in the Philippine–American War, in the Siberian Intervention after World War I, and as part of the 25th Infantry Division (\"Tropic Lightning\") during World War II, the Korean War, the Vietnam War, and later, the Iraq War. Currently two active battalions of the regiment, the 1st and 2nd, as part of the 25th Infantry Division are stationed at Schofield Barracks, Hawaii. More recently the regiment deployed to Afghanistan for the second time, following two deployments to Iraq. The regimental march is the \"Wolfhound March\". First and second formations. Prior to its establishment in 1901, the Wolfhound Regiment was preceded by two US Army 27th Infantry Regiments:\nThird formation – the \"Wolfhounds\". The 27th Infantry Regiment was established by act of Congress on 2 February 1901. James M. J. Sanno was assigned to command in August, and the regiment saw its first combat action in 1902 while serving as part of the American force sent to quell the Philippine Insurrection on the island of Mindanao. By 1904–1905, the unit had returned from the Philippines and its battalions were stationed at Fort Sheridan (Chicago, Illinois) and Columbus Barracks (Columbus, Ohio). The 1st Battalion, 27th Infantry participated in field maneuvers with the mobilized Ohio National Guard in southeastern Ohio (near Athens, Ohio) alongside other regular army units including Troop L of the 4th Cavalry, in a test of the nationally reorganized state militias following the Dick Act of 1903.", "This unit was involved in the August 19, 1904 riot with Ohio National Guard and civil authorities that resulted in several deaths. During the Russian Civil War, the 27th Infantry served in the American Expeditionary Force sent to Siberia in 1918. The troops embarked on the Army transports , and departing Manila on 7 August 1918 and arriving in Vladivostok on 15 and 16 August. This campaign has become an integral part of the regiment's history. The tenacious pursuit tactics of the regiment won the respect of the Bolsheviks, who gave them the name \"Wolfhounds.\" This emblem continues to serve as the symbol of the 27th Infantry Regiment. During their time in Siberia, the unit was part of the Evgenevka incident, a face-off between the Wolfhounds and the Japanese Military. In 1920, the regiment was assigned to duty in the Philippines, and Joseph D. Leitch was assigned to command. On 1 March 1921, the 27th Infantry Regiment was assigned to the Hawaiian Division. It served in the Hawaiian Division for over twenty years until it was relieved on 26 August 1941, and assigned to the 25th Infantry Division. Stationed in Hawaii, they were some of first to fire back at attacking Japanese war planes during Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor. The film and book by James Jones \"From Here to Eternity\" was based on some of the Wolfhound regimental life.", "After seeing extensive action in the Pacific theater during World War II, especially on the island of Guadalcanal during the Battle of Mount Austen, the Galloping Horse, and the Sea Horse, it fought in the last days of the New Georgia Campaign on the right flank on the advance on Munda, Solomon Islands, later during the Battle of Luzon and the ensuing occupation of Japan, the 27th Infantry Regiment earned the nickname \"Gentle Wolfhounds\" for their support of the Holy Family Home orphanage. Occupation duties were cut short in July 1950, when the 27th Infantry Regiment departed for Pusan, South Korea, to assist in holding the Pusan perimeter at the onset of the Korean War. The unit saw heavy action throughout the war, where they were considered the \"fire brigade\" for the 25th Infantry Division – in essence, making first combat contact with enemy forces. They saw significant fighting at Sandbag Castle. Colonel George B. Sloan, the commander of the 27th Infantry Regiment offered David Hackworth command of a new volunteer raider unit; Hackworth created the 27th Wolfhound Raiders and led them from August to November 1951. The 27th earned ten campaign streamers and three Presidential Unit Citations. Upon conclusion of hostilities in Korea, the unit returned to Schofield Barracks. The 2nd Battalion, 27th Infantry Regiment, entered the Vietnam War in January 1966. During their five-year stay in Vietnam, the unit earned two valorous unit citations, and proved to be one of the last 25th Infantry Division units to return home. The regiment participated in Operation Junction City and fought during the Tet Offensive and the May Offensive.", "The regiment finally returned to Hawaii in April, 1971. On 10 June 1987, the 2nd Battalion was relieved from their assignment to the 25th Infantry Division and assigned to the 7th Infantry Division at Fort Ord, California. During their tour at Fort Ord the 2nd and 3rd Battalions were deployed to Honduras in 1988 in support of \"Operation Golden Pheasant\" and in 1989 they were deployed to Panama in support of \"Operation Just Cause.\" On 15 September 1993, the battalion was inactivated and relieved from assignment to the 7th Infantry Division. The 2nd Battalion, 27th Infantry Regiment, was again activated on 31 August 1995, and this unit again carries its thirty battle streamers and twelve-unit citations on its colors. The motto \"Nec Aspera Terrent\" translates to \"Frightened by no Difficulties,\" more literally \"Not even difficulties frighten [us, them]\": \"nec\" = nor, not even; \"aspera\" (nominative neuter plural noun) = rough things, adversities, difficulties; \"terrent\" (3rd person plural present tense verb) = \"they (= the difficulties) frighten\", from the same root as \"terror\". It is often stated as \"No Fear on Earth,\" or more colloquially \"Difficulties be Damned.\" The 4th Battalion, 27th Infantry Regiment, was active in the 3rd Brigade, 25th Infantry Division (L) at Schofield Barracks on the island of Oahu in Hawaii during the late 1980s and early 1990s. Assigned to 2nd Brigade was the 1st Battalion, 27th Infantry Regiment.", "Elements of 4th Battalion were deployed during Operation Desert Storm and served as guards for Gen. Norman Schwarzkopf during their deployment. They also participated in clearing operations in Kuwait and a security element for later peace talks. Medal of Honor recipients. Philippine–American War Medal of Honor recipients include:\nWorld War II Medal of Honor recipients include:\nKorean War Medal of Honor recipients include:\nVietnam War Medal of Honor recipients include:\nRegimental distinctive insignia. The 27th Infantry Regiment currently consists of two battalions; the 1/27 and 2/27. While some might believe that there are actually two separate distinctive unit insignia (DUI), one for the 1st Battalion wolfhound unit crest which has the wolfhound facing to the left and 2nd Battalion wolfhound crest has the wolfhound facing to the right on the crest, the wolfhound crests are issued in pairs. While in a Class A uniform a coordinated pair of the two different crests is worn, one on each shoulder with the motto toward the shoulder seam and the head of the wolfhound facing forward. Charitable activities. Both battalions of the 27th Infantry have entered the 71st year of the regiment's relationship with the children and staff of the Holy Family Home Orphanage, Osaka, Japan. During Christmas 1949, Wolfhounds visited the orphanage to deliver gifts and hold a Christmas party for the children. Recognizing the needs of the children, and the then-limited capacity for self-help in postwar Japan, the regiment turned what was to have been a one-time occurrence into flow of supplies, food, building materials, and medical assistance from American soldiers and their families to the orphans." ], "support": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ] }	{ "mapped_id": "6a89ba95-c14e-4be3-8108-17977ca8e57d", "doc_name": "27th Infantry Regiment (United States)", "doc_chunk": "The regiment finally returned to Hawaii in April, 1971. On 10 June 1987, the 2nd Battalion was relieved from their assignment to the 25th Infantry Division and assigned to the 7th Infantry Division at Fort Ord, California. During their tour at Fort Ord the 2nd and 3rd Battalions were deployed to Honduras in 1988 in support of \"Operation Golden Pheasant\" and in 1989 they were deployed to Panama in support of \"Operation Just Cause.\" On 15 September 1993, the battalion was inactivated and relieved from assignment to the 7th Infantry Division. The 2nd Battalion, 27th Infantry Regiment, was again activated on 31 August 1995, and this unit again carries its thirty battle streamers and twelve-unit citations on its colors. The motto \"Nec Aspera Terrent\" translates to \"Frightened by no Difficulties,\" more literally \"Not even difficulties frighten [us, them]\": \"nec\" = nor, not even; \"aspera\" (nominative neuter plural noun) = rough things, adversities, difficulties; \"terrent\" (3rd person plural present tense verb) = \"they (= the difficulties) frighten\", from the same root as \"terror\". It is often stated as \"No Fear on Earth,\" or more colloquially \"Difficulties be Damned.\" The 4th Battalion, 27th Infantry Regiment, was active in the 3rd Brigade, 25th Infantry Division (L) at Schofield Barracks on the island of Oahu in Hawaii during the late 1980s and early 1990s. Assigned to 2nd Brigade was the 1st Battalion, 27th Infantry Regiment.", "support": 1 }
naturalqa	3f2261a1-0c1a-459c-8daf-479bfd184dd7	how many dd's discount stores are there	Ross Stores	[ "108" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2886016	1	{ "mapped_id": [ "3f2261a1-0c1a-459c-8daf-479bfd184dd7", "3f2261a1-0c1a-459c-8daf-479bfd184dd7", "3f2261a1-0c1a-459c-8daf-479bfd184dd7", "3f2261a1-0c1a-459c-8daf-479bfd184dd7", "3f2261a1-0c1a-459c-8daf-479bfd184dd7" ], "doc_name": [ "Ross Stores", "Ross Stores", "Ross Ross Ross", "Dunnes Stores", "Dunnes Stores" ], "doc_chunk": [ "American discount department store chain\nRoss Stores, Inc., operating under the brand name Ross Dress for Less, is an American chain of discount department stores headquartered in Dublin, California. It is the largest off-price retailer in the U.S.; as of July 2024, Ross operates 1,795 stores in 43 U.S. states, Washington, D.C. and Guam, covering much of the country, but with no presence in New England, Alaska, and areas of the Midwest. The company also operates DD's Discounts, a discount department store chain with over 353 locations across the United States, most of which are located in Sun Belt states. History. Ross Department Store was first opened in San Bruno, California, in 1950 by Morris \"Morrie\" Ross. Morris would work 85 hours a week doing all of the buying and bookkeeping for his department store. In 1958 Ross sold his store to William Isackson to become a residential and commercial real estate developer. Isackson built the company to six stores, located in San Bruno, Pacifica, Novato, Vacaville, Redwood City, and Castro Valley. In 1982 a group of investors, including Mervin Morris, founder of the Mervyn's chain of department stores, purchased the six Ross Department Stores in San Francisco, changed the format to off-price retail units, and within three years rapidly expanded the chain to 107 stores under Stuart Moldaw and Don Rowlett. By the end of 1995 the chain reached an annual sales of $1.4 billion with 292 stores in 18 states.", "By 2012 Ross reached $9.7 billion for the fiscal year with 1,091 stores in 33 states with an additional 108 for DD's Discounts in 8 states. Ross moved its headquarters from Newark to Pleasanton, California, in the Tri-Valley area, in 2003. Barbara Rentler took the place of CEO Michael Balmuth on June 1, 2014; she was the 25th female CEO of a \"Fortune\" 500 company. Ross moved its headquarters from Pleasanton to neighboring Dublin, California, in 2014. References. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "Ross Ross Ross is an EP by French electronic musician SebastiAn on August 28, 2006. The release contains three songs. A compilation promotional CD of the same name was also released in 2006 and includes songs from SebastiAn's EPs \"Ross Ross Ross\", \"H.A.L. \", and \"Smoking Kills\", along with nine remixes that he produced. Reception. Fred Miketa of XLR8R reviewed the CD, giving it 8/10 and saying, \"You can call Ross Ross Ross fucked-up techno or chopped electro, but don't say that it isn't ahead of its time.\" Gareth Thorton of Glasswerk gave it another favourable review, highlighting in particular the title track: \"In terms of high points it’s hard to look beyond title track Ross Ross Ross, a raucous mesh of truncated samples causing the involuntary thrusting of body parts.\" Lara Moloney of The Skinny gave it three out of five stars, noting, \"Good tracks to listen out for are the Ross Ross Ross production and Cut Copy's Going Nowhere remix which has a more enthusiastic dance beat.\" References. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "Irish multinational retail chain\nDunnes Stores is an Irish multinational retail chain that primarily sells food, clothes and household wares. It was founded by Ben Dunne in 1944. In addition to its main customer base in Ireland, the chain also has operations in Spain. The format of most of the chain's stores in Ireland involves a grocery supermarket operating alongside a clothing/textiles store, although some stores contain only textiles and some contain only a supermarket. The grocery side of the business does not operate outside of Ireland, save for a limited grocery range in the Spanish stores. The larger stores usually contain a café branded as either Café Sol or Dunnes Stores Café. Dunnes Stores' original own brand of groceries was sold under the \"St Bernard\" brand introduced in 1956, becoming an Irish household name, but was rebranded as \"My Family Favourites\" in 2013. The main domestic competitors in the supermarket business are Tesco, SuperValu, Lidl and Aldi. Since first opening, Dunnes Stores has consistently maintained a top-three market share in Ireland's grocery market, alongside SuperValu and Tesco. Combined, these three supermarket chains account for approximately 70% of Ireland's grocery market. Currently, Dunnes Stores is Ireland’s number one supermarket, holding this title since 2018. In clothing, their rivals include Penneys and Marks and Spencer. Dunnes collaborate for many clothing/home wares collections from a number of Irish designers such as Paul Costelloe, Padraic Harrington, Carolyn Donnelly, Joanne Hynes and Paul Galvin.", "They also sell in-house clothing brands such as Savida and Gallery, along with their own Dunnes Stores brand of clothing. History. 1940s–1950s. Ben Dunne began his retail career as an employee at Anderson's drapery shop in Drogheda, Ireland, in 1926. In the mid-1930s, Dunne moved to Roches Stores in Cork. He rose to become a senior buyer for Roches Stores. When he was asked to oversee Roches' entire drapery business, he agreed on condition that he receive a pay rise. The owners refused, noting that he would be earning more than any of them. Dunne decided to leave Roches Stores and set up his own business. Dunne opened his first drapery shop on St Patrick’s Street, Cork on 31 March 1944, promising \"better value\" by offering goods at pre-war prices. Dunnes introduced its own-brand range in 1956, then branded as St Bernard. Through the 1950s, Dunne established stores in Wexford, Waterford, Limerick and Dublin, with the first Dublin shop being opened on Henry Street in 1957. 1960s–1970s. Dunne opened a large shop on South Great George's Street, Dublin in 1960. This shop allowed customers to browse through items on racks before making a purchase, which was new to Irish retail. Dunnes continued to expand during the 1960s, and in 1963, Dunne grouped his growing number of stores under a new corporate structure, Dunnes Holding Company, which took over ownership of the entire operation. He also set up a family trust at the same time, in part to ensure that the company remained family controlled." ], "support": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ] }	{ "mapped_id": "3f2261a1-0c1a-459c-8daf-479bfd184dd7", "doc_name": "Ross Stores", "doc_chunk": "By 2012 Ross reached $9.7 billion for the fiscal year with 1,091 stores in 33 states with an additional 108 for DD's Discounts in 8 states. Ross moved its headquarters from Newark to Pleasanton, California, in the Tri-Valley area, in 2003. Barbara Rentler took the place of CEO Michael Balmuth on June 1, 2014; she was the 25th female CEO of a \"Fortune\" 500 company. Ross moved its headquarters from Pleasanton to neighboring Dublin, California, in 2014. References. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "support": 1 }
naturalqa	31f22d39-d937-493d-b0ef-4d3ae7473e64	who is the girl in crawling linkin park video	Crawling (song)	[ "Katelyn Rosaasen" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2390268	1	{ "mapped_id": [ "31f22d39-d937-493d-b0ef-4d3ae7473e64", "31f22d39-d937-493d-b0ef-4d3ae7473e64", "31f22d39-d937-493d-b0ef-4d3ae7473e64", "31f22d39-d937-493d-b0ef-4d3ae7473e64", "31f22d39-d937-493d-b0ef-4d3ae7473e64" ], "doc_name": [ "Crawling (song)", "Crawling (song)", "Crawling (song)", "Crawling (song)", "Crawling (human)" ], "doc_chunk": [ "2000 single by Linkin Park\n\"Crawling\" is a song by American rock band Linkin Park. It is the second single from their debut album, \"Hybrid Theory\". This song was released in 2000, it won a Grammy Award for Best Hard Rock Performance in 2002. In January 2011, \"Crawling\" was released in a Linkin Park DLC pack for \"Rock Band 3\". Background. \"Crawling\" is one of the few songs on \"Hybrid Theory\" that do not prominently feature Mike Shinoda's rap sung lyrics. The intro to \"Crawling\" has been remixed in live versions over the years. Since 2008's Projekt Revolution, Mike Shinoda has rapped the first verse of \"Hands Held High\" over the intro to \"Reanimation\" version of \"Crawling\", titled \"Krwlng\" (featuring Staind frontman Aaron Lewis). In 2009, Shinoda rapped two verses of \"Hands Held High\" over the intro of \"Crawling\", which first verse started with an a cappella or a bassline before the \"Reanimation\" intro started, in which Shinoda raps the second verse. Singer Chester Bennington remarked that \"Crawling\" was the most difficult Linkin Park song to sing live, stating \"Crawling has caused me the most trouble live more than any other song.\" Bennington also commented on the meaning of \"Crawling\" by stating it was inspired by his own battles with substance abuse.", "\"Crawling is about feeling like I had no control over myself in terms of drugs and alcohol, hence the line \"These wounds they will not heal...\". The song is recorded in the key of C♯ minor. A live version of \"Crawling\" was included as a B-side to \"Breaking the Habit\". Music video. The video was directed by the Brothers Strause. It portrays a young woman's inner conflict dealing with an abusive relationship. The woman (portrayed by Katelyn Rosaasen) closes off to the rest of the world, represented with the special effects of crystals forming around her. By the end, the crystals recede. This video was supposed to have a \"darker\" ending to it when the first synopsis was written, being a take on \"Species\" where a psycho fan kills the band, but Warner Bros. rejected the idea, and the final ending was written in its place. \"Crawling\" was the first music video with Dave Farrell in the band. Phoenix returned to Linkin Park just before they began work on this video. The video was nominated for Best Rock video on MTV's Video Music Awards. It lost to Limp Bizkit's \"Rollin\". Bonus content. The bonus feature on the CD is the same footage that is a hidden easter egg on \"Frat Party at the Pankake Festival\". However, the footage here is uncensored, while the footage on \"Frat Party\" is censored.", "A \"Strictly Limited Numbered Edition\" DVD single was also released which includes a live version of \"Crawling\" that was performed at the Dragon Festival, though the audio is dubbed with the studio version of the song. The video has a multiple camera angle feature which allows viewers to see different camera angles of the performance with the use of the DVD remote control. The DVD also has four 30-second live snippets of \"One Step Closer\", \"By Myself\", \"With You\", and \"A Place for My Head\". The live video of \"Crawling\" is available on Warner Bros. Records YouTube channel, which was uploaded on February 9, 2010. The video is also available as a DVD extra to \"Frat Party at the Pankake Festival\". Notable cover versions. Coldplay frontman Chris Martin performed a solo piano rendition of \"Crawling\" live in early August 2017. The performance was a tribute to Chester Bennington, who died by suicide on July 20, 2017. Staind frontman Aaron Lewis performed a tribute version of \"Crawling\" live on stage on August 10, 2017, at Look Park in Florence, Massachusetts. Jared Leto of 30 Seconds to Mars included \"Crawling\" in a mashup tribute to Bennington. In other media. At the Vancouver 2010 Winter Olympics, John and Sinead Kerr representing Great Britain performed the \"Reanimation\" version of \"Krwling\" in the figure skating ice dance final. Commercial performance. The song has seen a success in many countries. In the United Kingdom, the song debuted and peaked at number 16 and stayed on the chart for eight weeks.", "It reached the top ten in Canada and Austria. It reached the top thirty and top forty in many countries, it was more successful than \"One Step Closer\". However, it peaked only at number 79 in the United States, becoming their lowest charting single until they released \"Given Up\", which peaked at number 99, although it managed to peak at number five on the Modern Rock Track Chart and number three on the Mainstream Rock Track Chart. Despite the low peak, the song remained for 20 weeks at the bottom of the chart, which is longer than the 18 weeks spent by \"One Step Closer\". Personnel. Credits adapted from AllMusic for original release only. <templatestyles src=\"Col-begin/styles.css\"/>\nCharts. <templatestyles src=\"Col-begin/styles.css\"/>\nReferences. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "Moving along the ground on hands and knees\nCrawling or quadrupedal movement is a method of human locomotion that makes use of all four limbs. It is one of the earliest gaits learned by human infants, and has similar features to four-limbed movement in other primates and in non-primate quadrupeds. When crawls are used. Crawling is used mainly:\nIn infants. Infants sometimes \"crawl\" with their stomachs on the ground as early as 3 months, but this crawling is infrequent with the baby remaining stationary most of the time. True crawling with the stomach off the ground and the baby frequently on the move usually develops between 7 and 11 months of age and lasts anywhere from a week to 4 months before the child switches to walking. Even after taking their first unaided steps, most babies still crawl part of the time until they have mastered walking. While crawling, infants gradually practice standing, at first by using people or objects for support and, later, without support. Crawling babies are notorious for getting into trouble, so parents are often advised to childproof their house before a baby reaches crawling age. Though crawling is an important developmental milestone in children, it is not necessary for healthy development. Some babies skip crawling and go directly to walking. Others \"bottom shuffle\" instead of crawling (sometimes referred to as \"bum-shuffling\", or \"scooting\"). Bottom-shuffling babies sit on their bottoms and push themselves forward using their legs, and sometimes their hands, often in specially reinforced trousers. Babies that bottom-shuffle tend to walk later than babies that crawl." ], "support": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ] }	{ "mapped_id": "31f22d39-d937-493d-b0ef-4d3ae7473e64", "doc_name": "Crawling (song)", "doc_chunk": "\"Crawling is about feeling like I had no control over myself in terms of drugs and alcohol, hence the line \"These wounds they will not heal...\". The song is recorded in the key of C♯ minor. A live version of \"Crawling\" was included as a B-side to \"Breaking the Habit\". Music video. The video was directed by the Brothers Strause. It portrays a young woman's inner conflict dealing with an abusive relationship. The woman (portrayed by Katelyn Rosaasen) closes off to the rest of the world, represented with the special effects of crystals forming around her. By the end, the crystals recede. This video was supposed to have a \"darker\" ending to it when the first synopsis was written, being a take on \"Species\" where a psycho fan kills the band, but Warner Bros. rejected the idea, and the final ending was written in its place. \"Crawling\" was the first music video with Dave Farrell in the band. Phoenix returned to Linkin Park just before they began work on this video. The video was nominated for Best Rock video on MTV's Video Music Awards. It lost to Limp Bizkit's \"Rollin\". Bonus content. The bonus feature on the CD is the same footage that is a hidden easter egg on \"Frat Party at the Pankake Festival\". However, the footage here is uncensored, while the footage on \"Frat Party\" is censored.", "support": 1 }
naturalqa	0958b7c5-40b3-464c-8e28-cecef2150365	what continent is new zealand part of map	Zealandia	[ "Zealandia" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19620245	4	{ "mapped_id": [ "0958b7c5-40b3-464c-8e28-cecef2150365", "0958b7c5-40b3-464c-8e28-cecef2150365", "0958b7c5-40b3-464c-8e28-cecef2150365", "0958b7c5-40b3-464c-8e28-cecef2150365", "0958b7c5-40b3-464c-8e28-cecef2150365" ], "doc_name": [ "Zealandia", "Zealandia", "Zealandia", "Zealandia", "Zealandia vieillardii" ], "doc_chunk": [ "Mostly submerged continental crust area in Oceania\nZealandia (pronounced ), also known as (Māori) or Tasmantis (from Tasman Sea), is an almost entirely submerged mass of continental crust in Oceania that subsided after breaking away from Gondwana 83–79 million years ago. It has been described variously as a submerged continent, continental fragment, and microcontinent. The name and concept for Zealandia was proposed by Bruce Luyendyk in 1995, and satellite imagery shows it to be almost the size of Australia. A 2021 study suggests Zealandia is over a billion years old, about twice as old as geologists previously thought. By approximately 23 million years ago, the landmass may have been completely submerged. Today, most of the landmass (94%) remains submerged beneath the Pacific Ocean. New Zealand is the largest part of Zealandia that is above sea level, followed by New Caledonia. Mapping of Zealandia concluded in 2023. With a total area of approximately , Zealandia is substantially larger than any features termed microcontinents and continental fragments. If classified as a microcontinent, Zealandia would be the world's largest microcontinent. Its area is six times the area of the next-largest microcontinent, Madagascar, and more than half the area of the Australian continent. Zealandia is more than twice the size of the largest intraoceanic large igneous province (LIP) in the world, the Ontong Java Plateau (approximately ), and the world's largest island, Greenland ().", "Zealandia is also substantially larger than the Arabian Peninsula (), the world's largest peninsula, and the Indian subcontinent (). Due to these and other geological considerations, such as crustal thickness and density, some geologists from New Zealand, New Caledonia, and Australia have concluded that Zealandia fulfills all the requirements to be considered a continent rather than a microcontinent or continental fragment. Geologist Nick Mortimer commented that if it were not for the ocean level, it would have been recognised as such long ago. Zealandia supports substantial inshore fisheries and contains gas fields, of which the largest known is the New Zealand Maui gas field, near Taranaki. Permits for oil exploration in the Great South Basin were issued in 2007. Offshore mineral resources include ironsands, volcanic massive sulfides and ferromanganese nodule deposits. Etymology. GNS Science recognises two names for the landmass. In English, the most common name is \"Zealandia\", a latinate name for New Zealand; the name was coined in the mid-1990s and became established through common use. In the Māori language, the landmass is named , meaning 'the hills, valleys, and plains of Māui'. Biogeography. New Caledonia is at the northern end of the ancient continent, while New Zealand rises at the plate boundary that bisects it. These land masses constitute two outposts of the Antarctic flora, featuring araucarias and podocarps.", "At Curio Bay, logs of a fossilized forest closely related to modern Kauri and Norfolk pine can be seen that grew on Zealandia approximately 180 million years ago during the Jurassic period, before it split from Gondwana. The trees growing in these forests were buried by volcanic mud flows and gradually replaced by silica to produce the fossils now exposed by the sea. As sea levels drop during glacial periods, more of Zealandia becomes a terrestrial environment rather than a marine environment. Originally, it was thought that Zealandia had no native land mammal fauna, but the discovery in 2006 of a fossil mammal jaw from the Miocene in the Otago region demonstrates otherwise. Political divisions. The total land area (including inland water bodies) of Zealandia is . Of this, New Zealand comprises the overwhelming majority, at , or 93.49%) that includes the mainland (North Island and South Island), nearby islands, and most outlying islands, including the Chatham Islands, the New Zealand Subantarctic Islands, the Solander Islands, and the Three Kings Islands (but not the Kermadec Islands or Macquarie Island (Australia), which are part of the rift). New Caledonia and the islands surrounding it comprise some or 6.48%) and the remainder is made up of various territories of Australia including the Lord Howe Island Group (New South Wales) at or 0.02%), Norfolk Island at or 0.01%), as well as the Cato, Elizabeth, and Middleton reefs (Coral Sea Islands Territory) with . Population.", "As of 2024,[ [update]] the total human population of Zealandia is approximately 5.4 million people. The largest city is Auckland with about 1.7 million people; roughly one-third of the total population of the continent. References. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "Species of fern\n<templatestyles src=\"Template:Taxobox/core/styles.css\" />\nZealandia vieillardii, synonym Microsorum vieillardii, is a species of fern native to New Caledonia. References. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />" ], "support": [ 1, 1, 1, 1, 0 ] }	{ "mapped_id": "0958b7c5-40b3-464c-8e28-cecef2150365", "doc_name": "Zealandia", "doc_chunk": "Mostly submerged continental crust area in Oceania\nZealandia (pronounced ), also known as (Māori) or Tasmantis (from Tasman Sea), is an almost entirely submerged mass of continental crust in Oceania that subsided after breaking away from Gondwana 83–79 million years ago. It has been described variously as a submerged continent, continental fragment, and microcontinent. The name and concept for Zealandia was proposed by Bruce Luyendyk in 1995, and satellite imagery shows it to be almost the size of Australia. A 2021 study suggests Zealandia is over a billion years old, about twice as old as geologists previously thought. By approximately 23 million years ago, the landmass may have been completely submerged. Today, most of the landmass (94%) remains submerged beneath the Pacific Ocean. New Zealand is the largest part of Zealandia that is above sea level, followed by New Caledonia. Mapping of Zealandia concluded in 2023. With a total area of approximately , Zealandia is substantially larger than any features termed microcontinents and continental fragments. If classified as a microcontinent, Zealandia would be the world's largest microcontinent. Its area is six times the area of the next-largest microcontinent, Madagascar, and more than half the area of the Australian continent. Zealandia is more than twice the size of the largest intraoceanic large igneous province (LIP) in the world, the Ontong Java Plateau (approximately ), and the world's largest island, Greenland ().", "support": 1 }
naturalqa	8c3bf1c1-dc01-45df-b7fa-371dc469aac3	according to john hopkins university what is the color of the universe	Cosmic latte	[ "a slightly beigeish white" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1643492	1	{ "mapped_id": [ "8c3bf1c1-dc01-45df-b7fa-371dc469aac3", "8c3bf1c1-dc01-45df-b7fa-371dc469aac3", "8c3bf1c1-dc01-45df-b7fa-371dc469aac3", "8c3bf1c1-dc01-45df-b7fa-371dc469aac3", "8c3bf1c1-dc01-45df-b7fa-371dc469aac3" ], "doc_name": [ "Cosmic latte", "Cosmic latte", "Latte", "Latte", "Latte" ], "doc_chunk": [ "Average color of the universe\nCosmic latte is the average color of the galaxies of the universe as perceived from the Earth, found by a team of astronomers from Johns Hopkins University (JHU). In 2002, Karl Glazebrook and Ivan Baldry determined that the average color of the universe was a greenish white, but they soon corrected their analysis in a 2003 paper in which they reported that their survey of the light from over 200,000 galaxies averaged to a slightly beigeish white. The hex triplet value for cosmic latte is codice_1. Discovery of the color. Finding the average colour of the universe was not the focus of the study. Rather, the study examined spectral analysis of different galaxies to study star formation. Like Fraunhofer lines, the dark lines displayed in the study's spectral ranges display older and younger stars and allow Glazebrook and Baldry to determine the age of different galaxies and star systems. What the study revealed is that the overwhelming majority of stars formed about 5 billion years ago. Because these stars would have been \"brighter\" in the past, the color of the universe changes over time, shifting from blue to red as more blue stars change to yellow and eventually red giants. As light from distant galaxies reaches the Earth, the average \"color of the universe\" (as seen from Earth) tends towards pure white, due to the light coming from the stars when they were much younger and bluer. Naming the color. The corrected color was initially published on the Johns Hopkins University (JHU) News website and updated on the team's initial announcement.", "Multiple news outlets, including NPR and BBC, displayed the color in stories and some relayed the request by Glazebrook on the announcement asking for suggestions for names, jokingly adding all were welcome as long as they were not \"beige\". These were the results of a vote of the JHU astronomers involved based on the new color:\nThough Drum's suggestion of \"cappuccino cosmico\" received the most votes, the researchers favored Drum's other suggestion, \"cosmic latte\". \"'\" means \"milk\" in Italian, Galileo's native language, and the similar \"'\" means \"milky\", similar to the Italian term for the Milky Way, \"\". They enjoyed the fact that the color would be similar to the Milky Way's average color as well, as it is part of the sum of the universe. They also claimed to be \"caffeine biased\". References. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "Beverage made with espresso coffee and milk\nCaffè latte (), often shortened to just latte () in English, is a coffee drink of Italian origin made with espresso and steamed milk, traditionally served in a glass. Variants include the chocolate-flavored mocha or replacing the coffee with another beverage base such as masala chai (spiced Indian tea), mate, matcha, turmeric or rooibos; alternatives to milk, such as soy milk, almond milk or oat milk, are also used. The term comes from the Italian ' or ', from ', literally 'coffee and milk'; in English orthography, either or both words sometimes have an accent on the final \"e\" (a hyperforeignism in the case of *\"latté\"). In northern Europe and Scandinavia, the term \"café au lait\" has traditionally been used for the combination of espresso and milk. In France, ' is from the original name of the beverage (caffè latte); a combination of espresso and steamed milk equivalent to a \"latte\" is in French called ( using cream instead of milk) and in German \"\". Definition. A latte consists of one or more shots of espresso, served in a glass (or sometimes a cup), into which hot steamed milk is added.", "The difference between a latte and a cappuccino is that the cappuccino is served in a small cup with a layer of thick foam on top of the milk, and a latte is served in a larger glass (or cup), without the layer of thick foam. Thus, a latte is much milkier than a cappuccino, resulting in a milder coffee taste. The way the milk is steamed for a latte results in very fine bubbles being incorporated in the hot milk. This microfoam can be poured in such a way as to form patterns in the white microfoam and brown crema (latte art). The texture of the microfoam changes the taste and feel of the drink. A similar drink is the \"latte macchiato\", which is also served in a glass, but the espresso is added to the glass after the steamed milk. In Italy, milky coffee drinks such as caffè latte, \"latte macchiato\" and cappuccino are almost always prepared for breakfast only. In the United States, a latte is often heavily sweetened with 3% sugar (or even more). These sweeteners usually come in the form of refined white sugars, artificial sweeteners or agave syrup. Origin and history. The drink is thought to have \"technically originated\" in 17th century Europe. \"Caffè e latte\", ', \"café au lait\" and ' are domestic terms of traditional ways of drinking coffee, usually as part of breakfast in the home.", "Public cafés in Europe and the United States seem to have no mention of the terms until the twentieth century. The Italians used the term \"caffè latte\" domestically, but it is not known from cafés such as \"Florian\" in Venice or any other coffee houses or places where coffee was served publicly. Even when the Italian espresso bar culture bloomed in the years after WWII both in Italy, and in cities such as Vienna and London, \"espresso\" and \"cappuccino\" are the terms used and \"latte\" is missing on coffee menus of that time. The modern latte appeared in the 20th century, following the invention of the espresso machine in the 19th century. Kenneth Davids maintains that \"...breakfast drinks of this kind have existed in Europe for generations, but the (commercial) caffè version of this drink is an American invention\". The Caffe Mediterraneum in Berkeley, California, claims that one of its early owners, Lino Meiorin, \"invented\" and \"made the latte a standard drink\" in the 1950s. However, it is unlikely that Meiorin was the first to add a generous amount of milk to espresso or call such a drink a caffè latte. Popularization and global spread. The latte was popularized in Seattle, Washington, in the early 1980s and spread more widely in the early 1990s. In northern Europe and Scandinavia, a similar \"trend\" started in the early 1980s as \"café au lait\" became popular again, prepared with espresso and steamed milk." ], "support": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ] }	{ "mapped_id": "8c3bf1c1-dc01-45df-b7fa-371dc469aac3", "doc_name": "Cosmic latte", "doc_chunk": "Average color of the universe\nCosmic latte is the average color of the galaxies of the universe as perceived from the Earth, found by a team of astronomers from Johns Hopkins University (JHU). In 2002, Karl Glazebrook and Ivan Baldry determined that the average color of the universe was a greenish white, but they soon corrected their analysis in a 2003 paper in which they reported that their survey of the light from over 200,000 galaxies averaged to a slightly beigeish white. The hex triplet value for cosmic latte is codice_1. Discovery of the color. Finding the average colour of the universe was not the focus of the study. Rather, the study examined spectral analysis of different galaxies to study star formation. Like Fraunhofer lines, the dark lines displayed in the study's spectral ranges display older and younger stars and allow Glazebrook and Baldry to determine the age of different galaxies and star systems. What the study revealed is that the overwhelming majority of stars formed about 5 billion years ago. Because these stars would have been \"brighter\" in the past, the color of the universe changes over time, shifting from blue to red as more blue stars change to yellow and eventually red giants. As light from distant galaxies reaches the Earth, the average \"color of the universe\" (as seen from Earth) tends towards pure white, due to the light coming from the stars when they were much younger and bluer. Naming the color. The corrected color was initially published on the Johns Hopkins University (JHU) News website and updated on the team's initial announcement.", "support": 1 }
naturalqa	7fc27155-ed24-4646-9bbd-55910b2cedb2	who played aunt ethel on sanford and son	Esther Anderson (Sanford and Son)	[ "Beah Richards" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5187026	1	{ "mapped_id": [ "7fc27155-ed24-4646-9bbd-55910b2cedb2", "7fc27155-ed24-4646-9bbd-55910b2cedb2", "7fc27155-ed24-4646-9bbd-55910b2cedb2", "7fc27155-ed24-4646-9bbd-55910b2cedb2", "7fc27155-ed24-4646-9bbd-55910b2cedb2" ], "doc_name": [ "Esther Anderson (Sanford and Son)", "Esther Anderson (Sanford and Son)", "Esther Anderson (Sanford and Son)", "Esther Anderson (Sanford and Son)", "Sanford and Son" ], "doc_chunk": [ "Esther Winfield Anderson, known as Aunt Esther, is a fictional character from the television series \"Sanford and Son\". She was played by actress LaWanda Page, an acquaintance of series star Redd Foxx. Page was Foxx's first and only choice to play Esther. Enemy for Foxx's character. At first, Fred's main enemy on the show was in his sister-in-law and Lamont's aunt, Ethel (Beah Richards). Ethel's involvement in the Sanfords' family squabbles lasted only midway through the second season, whereupon she was replaced with her more tart-tongued sister, Esther. Fred and Esther's relationship as in-laws went on to become a major part of the series' legend, as each time Esther appeared, Fred would insult her and audiences were drawn to the show in greater numbers. Conversely, Esther's disdain for Fred stemmed back to when he and Elizabeth were dating; she had disapproved of Fred marrying her sister. He would often contort his face upon Esther's entrance and make disparaging remarks to her, comparing her with King Kong and Godzilla. Esther would refer to Fred as an \"old heathen\", and often used the Bible on her brother-in-law (both figuratively, by quoting the Good Book, and literally, by smacking Fred with the purse where she kept it.) Despite his stubbornness, Fred would sometimes redeem himself with acts of kindness toward Esther. Character history. Esther Anderson is the Bible-toting sister-in-law of Fred Sanford.", "She is a staunchly religious Baptist who finds little use for humor and often criticizes Fred. Elizabeth, Esther's sister, was married to Fred, and Esther and the rest of the Winfield family were against the marriage from the outset. However, Esther often expressed that if anything good came out of the marriage it was her nephew, Fred's son, Lamont. Lamont adored his aunt Esther, and would, against Fred's and Grady's wishes, allow her to stay in their house and often defended her against their insults. Since Esther and her family were the only real connection he had to his late mother, Lamont welcomed her often. She, in turn, was there to counsel Lamont on his life, and did her best to help him to get out of living in his father's junkyard house. She did so because she felt that Elizabeth would not have wanted Lamont, whom Esther felt was very intelligent, to remain in such a limited life. Fred responded to Esther's entrances by making exaggerated grimaces followed by colorful insults (\"I thought I already flushed my toilet\"). He would then proceed to ruthlessly insult her, likening her to animals and fictitious movie monsters. Fred often focused on Esther's looks, once telling her, \"I could stick your face in some dough and make gorilla cookies!\" He also often insulted her by calling her \"ugly\" and pronouncing it \"Ug-leee!\". Esther's usual reactions to Fred's antics were to scowl and say, \"Watch it, sucka!\"", "Sometimes, cracking from the constant barrage of insults, she would swing her purse wildly in Fred's direction while angrily calling him an \"old fish-eyed fool\" or \"heathen\", among other names. Once, during a public prayer, Esther made reference to Fred, calling him a \"snaggle-toothed jackass.\" She also clashed with Fred's friend Grady Wilson, whom she disliked because he was Fred's friend. Despite their constant arguments, some episodes reveal that Esther and Fred were capable of kindness towards each other, such as when Fred helped her adopt a child. In one episode, Fred gave Esther $100 he won gambling to help her church, leaving him 35 cents. Esther's long-suffering but loving alcoholic husband Woodrow (played by Raymond Allen) appeared infrequently later in the series. Woodrow was constantly drunk and somewhat henpecked. He eventually became sober so he and Esther could adopt a young orphan, Daniel (Eric Laneuville) in \"Aunt Esther Meets Her Son\". In the final two seasons of \"Sanford and Son\", as well as its failed spin-off \"Sanford\", Esther ran the Sanford Arms, boarding house owned and run by Fred, which was located next to his junk shop. Esther also made a cameo appearance at the beginning of the movie Friday. Religious conflicts.", "Esther was a devout churchgoer, always armed with the Bible, and whenever she went to do battle with Fred, which was often, she was usually aided by some women from her church, or by her drunken husband, Woodrow; or would simply show up at Fred's house quoting the Bible. Usually, at any random moment, even in mid-sentence, Esther would throw her hands up and exclaim, \"Oh, Glory!\" (though it came out as H'ah Glory), even during her most heated arguments with Fred. Her upright image was deflated when it was revealed that she had sex with a man called \"Big Money Grip\" in her youth. Grip had mistaken Esther for the beautiful Elizabeth in the dark, which led Grip to claim he was Lamont's real father. Page's convincing portrayal of the \"church lady\" image of Aunt Esther was in marked contrast to the \"blue\" material of her stand-up act and record albums. References. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "American sitcom television series (1972–1977)\nSanford and Son is an American sitcom television series that aired on NBC from January 14, 1972, to March 25, 1977. It was based on the British sitcom \"Steptoe and Son\", which initially aired on BBC1 in the United Kingdom from 1962 to 1974. Known for its racial humor, running gags, and catchphrases, the series was adapted by Norman Lear and considered NBC's response to CBS' \"All in the Family\". \"Sanford and Son\" has been hailed as the precursor to many other black American sitcoms. It was a hit through its six-season run, finishing in the Nielsen top ten for five times. The series follows Fred G. Sanford, known for his bigotry and cantankerousness, and Lamont Sanford, his long-suffering, conscientious, peacemaker son. Both characters are occasionally involved in get-rich-quick schemes to pay off their various debts. The show also includes characters Aunt Esther, Grady Wilson, Bubba Bexley, and Rollo Lawson. Plot. \"Sanford and Son\" stars Redd Foxx as Fred G. Sanford, a widower and junk dealer living at 9114 South Central Avenue in the Watts neighborhood of Los Angeles, California, and Demond Wilson as his son Lamont Sanford. In the show, Fred moved to South Central Los Angeles from his hometown St. Louis during his youth. After the show premiered in 1972, newspapers touted Foxx as NBC's answer to Archie Bunker, the bigoted white protagonist of \"All in the Family\"." ], "support": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ] }	{ "mapped_id": "7fc27155-ed24-4646-9bbd-55910b2cedb2", "doc_name": "Esther Anderson (Sanford and Son)", "doc_chunk": "Esther Winfield Anderson, known as Aunt Esther, is a fictional character from the television series \"Sanford and Son\". She was played by actress LaWanda Page, an acquaintance of series star Redd Foxx. Page was Foxx's first and only choice to play Esther. Enemy for Foxx's character. At first, Fred's main enemy on the show was in his sister-in-law and Lamont's aunt, Ethel (Beah Richards). Ethel's involvement in the Sanfords' family squabbles lasted only midway through the second season, whereupon she was replaced with her more tart-tongued sister, Esther. Fred and Esther's relationship as in-laws went on to become a major part of the series' legend, as each time Esther appeared, Fred would insult her and audiences were drawn to the show in greater numbers. Conversely, Esther's disdain for Fred stemmed back to when he and Elizabeth were dating; she had disapproved of Fred marrying her sister. He would often contort his face upon Esther's entrance and make disparaging remarks to her, comparing her with King Kong and Godzilla. Esther would refer to Fred as an \"old heathen\", and often used the Bible on her brother-in-law (both figuratively, by quoting the Good Book, and literally, by smacking Fred with the purse where she kept it.) Despite his stubbornness, Fred would sometimes redeem himself with acts of kindness toward Esther. Character history. Esther Anderson is the Bible-toting sister-in-law of Fred Sanford.", "support": 1 }
naturalqa	12429974-6802-47a9-b23f-509d8f3ae9c8	begum akhtar specialised in which form of vocal music	Begum Akhtar	[ "Hindustani classical music" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1422252	1	{ "mapped_id": [ "12429974-6802-47a9-b23f-509d8f3ae9c8", "12429974-6802-47a9-b23f-509d8f3ae9c8", "12429974-6802-47a9-b23f-509d8f3ae9c8", "12429974-6802-47a9-b23f-509d8f3ae9c8", "12429974-6802-47a9-b23f-509d8f3ae9c8" ], "doc_name": [ "Begum Akhtar", "Begum Akhtar", "Begum Akhtar", "Begum Akhtar", "Begum Akhtar" ], "doc_chunk": [ "Indian singer and actress\nAkhtari Bai Faizabadi (7 October 1914 – 30 October 1974), also known as Begum Akhtar, was an Indian singer and actress. Dubbed \"Mallika-e-Ghazal\" (Queen of Ghazals), she is regarded as one of the greatest singers of ghazal, dadra, and thumri genres of Hindustani classical music. Begum Akhtar received the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award for vocal music in 1972, was awarded Padma Shri, and later a Padma Bhushan Award posthumously by the government of India. Early life. Akhtari Bai Faizabadi was born on 7 October 1914 to Asghar Hussain, a lawyer and his second wife Mushtari. Asghar Hussain subsequently disowned Mushtari and his twin daughters Zohra and Bibbi (later known as Begum Akhtar). Career. Akhtar was barely seven when she was captivated by the music of Chandra Bai, an artist attached to a touring theatre group. However at her uncle's insistence she was sent to train under Ustad Imdad Khan, the great sarangi exponent from Patna, and later under Ata Mohammed Khan of Patiala. Later, she travelled to Calcutta with her mother and learnt music from classical stalwarts like Mohammad Khan, Abdul Waheed Khan of Lahore, and finally she became the disciple of Ustad Jhande Khan. Her first public performance was at the age of fifteen.", "The famous poet Sarojini Naidu appreciated her singing during a concert which was organised in the aid of victims of the 1934 Nepal–Bihar earthquake. This encouraged her to continue singing ghazals with more enthusiasm. She cut her first disc for the Megaphone Record Company, at that time. A number of gramophone records were released carrying her ghazals, dadras, thumris, etc. She was amongst the early female singers to give public concert, and break away from singing in \"mehfils\" or private gatherings, and in time came to be known as \"Mallika-e-Ghazal\" (Queen of Ghazal). Begum Akhtar's good looks and sensitive voice made her an ideal candidate for a film career in her early years. When she heard great musicians like Gauhar Jaan and Malak Jan, however, she decided to forsake the glamour of the film world for a career in Indian classical music. Her supreme artistry in light classical music had its moorings in the tradition of pure classicism. She chose her repertoire in primarily classical modes: a variety of raags, ranging from simple to complex. After the advent of talkie era in India, Begum Akhtar acted in a few Hindi movies in the 1930s. East India Film Company of Calcutta approached her to act in \"King for a Day\" (alias \"Ek Din Ka Badshah\") and \"Nal Damayanti\" in 1933. Like others of that era, she sang her songs herself in all her films.", "She continued acting in the following years. Subsequently, Begum Akhtar moved back to Lucknow where she was approached by the famous producer-director Mehboob Khan, to act in \"Roti\" which was released in 1942 and whose music was composed by the maestro Anil Biswas. \"Roti\" contained six of her ghazals but unfortunately due to some trouble with the producer, Mehboob Khan subsequently deleted three or four ghazals from the film. All the ghazals are available on Megaphone gramophone records. Begum Akhtar, meanwhile, left Bombay and returned to Lucknow. Her name appears differently in many film credits as Akhtaribai Fyzabadi, Akhtaribai Faizabadi, Akhtari and Begum Akhtar. In 1945, Akhtari Bai married a Lucknow-based barrister, Ishtiaq Ahmed Abbasi, and became known as Begum Akhtar. However, after marriage, due to restrictions by her husband, she could not sing for almost five years and subsequently, fell ill and emotionally depressed. That is when her return to music was prescribed as a befitting remedy, and in 1949 she returned to the recording studios. She sang three ghazals and a dadra at Lucknow All India Radio station. She started crying afterwards and returned to singing in concerts, which she continued to do unto death. She sang publicly in Lucknow, in a women's only concert in aid of the war with China, which was held in 1962.", "Her voice matured with time, acquiring richness and depth. She sang ghazals and other light classical pieces, in her inimitable style. She has nearly four hundred songs to her credit. She was a regular performer on All India Radio. She usually composed her own ghazals and most of her compositions were raag based. She also sang the timeless Bengali classical song \"Jochona Koreche Aari\" (জোছনা করেছে আড়ি). On 7 October 2017, Google dedicated a Doodle profile to her commemorating the 103rd birthday of Begum Akthar. Death. During her last concert in Balaramapuram near Thiruvananthapuram in 1974, she raised the pitch of her voice as she felt that her singing had not been as good as she had wanted it to be and felt unwell. The stress she put herself under resulted in her falling ill and she was rushed to the hospital. She died on 30 October 1974 in the arms of Nilam Gamadia, her friend, who invited her to Ahmedabad, which became her final performance. Her tomb was a mango orchard within her home, 'Pasand Bagh' in Thakurganj area, of Lucknow. She was buried alongside her mother, Mushtari Sahiba. However, over the years, much of the garden has been lost to the growing city, and the tomb has fallen into disrepair. The marble graves enclosed in a red brick enclosure, were restored in 2012, along with their pietra dura style marble inlay.", "Attempts are on to convert her home built in 1936 in China bazaar, Lucknow into a museum. Her disciples include Shanti Hiranand, who later received Padma Shri and wrote a biography \"Begum Akhtar: The Story of My Ammi\" (2005). Art critic S. Kalidas directed a documentary on her titled \"Hai Akhtari\". References. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />" ], "support": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ] }	{ "mapped_id": "12429974-6802-47a9-b23f-509d8f3ae9c8", "doc_name": "Begum Akhtar", "doc_chunk": "Indian singer and actress\nAkhtari Bai Faizabadi (7 October 1914 – 30 October 1974), also known as Begum Akhtar, was an Indian singer and actress. Dubbed \"Mallika-e-Ghazal\" (Queen of Ghazals), she is regarded as one of the greatest singers of ghazal, dadra, and thumri genres of Hindustani classical music. Begum Akhtar received the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award for vocal music in 1972, was awarded Padma Shri, and later a Padma Bhushan Award posthumously by the government of India. Early life. Akhtari Bai Faizabadi was born on 7 October 1914 to Asghar Hussain, a lawyer and his second wife Mushtari. Asghar Hussain subsequently disowned Mushtari and his twin daughters Zohra and Bibbi (later known as Begum Akhtar). Career. Akhtar was barely seven when she was captivated by the music of Chandra Bai, an artist attached to a touring theatre group. However at her uncle's insistence she was sent to train under Ustad Imdad Khan, the great sarangi exponent from Patna, and later under Ata Mohammed Khan of Patiala. Later, she travelled to Calcutta with her mother and learnt music from classical stalwarts like Mohammad Khan, Abdul Waheed Khan of Lahore, and finally she became the disciple of Ustad Jhande Khan. Her first public performance was at the age of fifteen.", "support": 1 }
naturalqa	1160f607-cab6-4a81-8470-14bf468d0bb6	how much data does the large hadron collider produce	Worldwide LHC Computing Grid	[ "approximately 25 petabytes per year" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16814127	1	{ "mapped_id": [ "1160f607-cab6-4a81-8470-14bf468d0bb6", "1160f607-cab6-4a81-8470-14bf468d0bb6", "1160f607-cab6-4a81-8470-14bf468d0bb6", "1160f607-cab6-4a81-8470-14bf468d0bb6", "1160f607-cab6-4a81-8470-14bf468d0bb6" ], "doc_name": [ "Worldwide LHC Computing Grid", "Worldwide LHC Computing Grid", "Worldwide LHC Computing Grid", "Grid computing", "Grid computing" ], "doc_chunk": [ "Grid computing project\nThe Worldwide LHC Computing Grid (WLCG), formerly (until 2006) the LHC Computing Grid (LCG), is an international collaborative project that consists of a grid-based computer network infrastructure incorporating over 170 computing centers in 42 countries, as of 2017[ [update]]. It was designed by CERN to handle the prodigious volume of data produced by Large Hadron Collider (LHC) experiments. By 2012, data from over 300 trillion (3×1014) LHC proton-proton collisions had been analyzed, and LHC collision data was being produced at approximately 25 petabytes per year. As of 2017[ [update]] the LHC Computing Grid is the world's largest computing grid comprising over 170 computing facilities in a worldwide network across 42 countries scattered around the world that produce a massive distributed computing infrastructure with about 1,000,000 CPU cores, providing more than 10,000 physicists around the world with near real-time access to the LHC data, and the power to process it. According to the WLCG Website as of 2024: \"WLCG combines about 1.4 million computer cores and 1.5 exabytes of storage from over 170 sites in 42 countries [...] It runs over 2 million tasks per day and [...] global transfer rates exceeded 260 GB/s.\" Indicating substantial upgrades to WLCG over time beyond its initial release. Background.", "The Large Hadron Collider at CERN was designed to test the existence of the Higgs boson, an important but elusive piece of knowledge that had been sought by particle physicists for over 40 years. A very powerful particle accelerator was needed, because Higgs bosons might not be seen in lower energy experiments, and because vast numbers of collisions would need to be studied. Such a collider would also produce unprecedented quantities of collision data requiring analysis. Therefore, advanced computing facilities were needed to process the data. Description. A design report was published in 2005. It was announced to be ready for data on 3 October 2008. A popular 2008 press article predicted \"the internet could soon be made obsolete\" by its technology. CERN had to publish its own articles trying to clear up the confusion. It incorporates both private fiber-optic cable links and existing high-speed portions of the public Internet. At the end of 2010, the Grid consisted of some 200,000 processing cores and 150 petabytes of disk space, distributed across 34 countries. The data stream from the detectors provides approximately 300 GByte/s of data, which after filtering for \"interesting events\", results in a data stream of about 300 MByte/s. The CERN computer center, considered \"Tier 0\" of the LHC Computing Grid, has a dedicated 10 Gbit/s connection to the counting room. The project was expected to generate multiple TB of raw data and event summary data, which represents the output of calculations done by the CPU farm at the CERN data center.", "This data is sent out from CERN to thirteen Tier 1 academic institutions in Europe, Asia, and North America, via dedicated links with 10 Gbit/s or higher of bandwidth. This is called the LHC Optical Private Network. More than 150 Tier 2 institutions are connected to the Tier 1 institutions by general-purpose national research and education networks. The data produced by the LHC on all of its distributed computing grid is expected to add up to 200 PB of data each year. In total, the four main detectors at the LHC produced 13 petabytes of data in 2010. The Tier 1 institutions receive specific subsets of the raw data, for which they serve as a backup repository for CERN. They also perform reprocessing when recalibration is necessary. The primary configuration for the computers used in the grid is based on CentOS. In 2015, CERN switched away from Scientific Linux to CentOS. Distributed computing resources for analysis by end-user physicists are provided by multiple federations across the Europe, Asia Pacific and the Americas. References. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "Use of widely distributed computer resources to reach a common goal\nGrid computing is the use of widely distributed computer resources to reach a common goal. A computing grid can be thought of as a distributed system with non-interactive workloads that involve many files. Grid computing is distinguished from conventional high-performance computing systems such as cluster computing in that grid computers have each node set to perform a different task/application. Grid computers also tend to be more heterogeneous and geographically dispersed (thus not physically coupled) than cluster computers. Although a single grid can be dedicated to a particular application, commonly a grid is used for a variety of purposes. Grids are often constructed with general-purpose grid middleware software libraries. Grid sizes can be quite large. Grids are a form of distributed computing composed of many networked loosely coupled computers acting together to perform large tasks. For certain applications, distributed or grid computing can be seen as a special type of parallel computing that relies on complete computers (with onboard CPUs, storage, power supplies, network interfaces, etc.) connected to a computer network (private or public) by a conventional network interface, such as Ethernet. This is in contrast to the traditional notion of a supercomputer, which has many processors connected by a local high-speed computer bus. This technology has been applied to computationally intensive scientific, mathematical, and academic problems through volunteer computing, and it is used in commercial enterprises for such diverse applications as drug discovery, economic forecasting, seismic analysis, and back office data processing in support for e-commerce and Web services.", "Grid computing combines computers from multiple administrative domains to reach a common goal, to solve a single task, and may then disappear just as quickly. The size of a grid may vary from small—confined to a network of computer workstations within a corporation, for example—to large, public collaborations across many companies and networks. \"The notion of a confined grid may also be known as an intra-nodes cooperation whereas the notion of a larger, wider grid may thus refer to an inter-nodes cooperation\". Coordinating applications on Grids can be a complex task, especially when coordinating the flow of information across distributed computing resources. Grid workflow systems have been developed as a specialized form of a workflow management system designed specifically to compose and execute a series of computational or data manipulation steps, or a workflow, in the grid context. Comparison of grids and conventional supercomputers. “Distributed” or “grid” computing in general is a special type of parallel computing that relies on complete computers (with onboard CPUs, storage, power supplies, network interfaces, etc.) connected to a network (private, public or the Internet) by a conventional network interface producing commodity hardware, compared to the lower efficiency of designing and constructing a small number of custom supercomputers. The primary performance disadvantage is that the various processors and local storage areas do not have high-speed connections. This arrangement is thus well-suited to applications in which multiple parallel computations can take place independently, without the need to communicate intermediate results between processors." ], "support": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ] }	{ "mapped_id": "1160f607-cab6-4a81-8470-14bf468d0bb6", "doc_name": "Worldwide LHC Computing Grid", "doc_chunk": "Grid computing project\nThe Worldwide LHC Computing Grid (WLCG), formerly (until 2006) the LHC Computing Grid (LCG), is an international collaborative project that consists of a grid-based computer network infrastructure incorporating over 170 computing centers in 42 countries, as of 2017[ [update]]. It was designed by CERN to handle the prodigious volume of data produced by Large Hadron Collider (LHC) experiments. By 2012, data from over 300 trillion (3×1014) LHC proton-proton collisions had been analyzed, and LHC collision data was being produced at approximately 25 petabytes per year. As of 2017[ [update]] the LHC Computing Grid is the world's largest computing grid comprising over 170 computing facilities in a worldwide network across 42 countries scattered around the world that produce a massive distributed computing infrastructure with about 1,000,000 CPU cores, providing more than 10,000 physicists around the world with near real-time access to the LHC data, and the power to process it. According to the WLCG Website as of 2024: \"WLCG combines about 1.4 million computer cores and 1.5 exabytes of storage from over 170 sites in 42 countries [...] It runs over 2 million tasks per day and [...] global transfer rates exceeded 260 GB/s.\" Indicating substantial upgrades to WLCG over time beyond its initial release. Background.", "support": 1 }
naturalqa	ecc4bfba-0824-4ce7-a0a5-be49d84d4e0b	acral gangrene is a complication of which disease	Acral necrosis	[ "bubonic plague" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1761264	1	{ "mapped_id": [ "ecc4bfba-0824-4ce7-a0a5-be49d84d4e0b", "ecc4bfba-0824-4ce7-a0a5-be49d84d4e0b", "ecc4bfba-0824-4ce7-a0a5-be49d84d4e0b", "ecc4bfba-0824-4ce7-a0a5-be49d84d4e0b", "ecc4bfba-0824-4ce7-a0a5-be49d84d4e0b" ], "doc_name": [ "Acral necrosis", "Necrosis", "Necrosis", "Necrosis", "Necrosis" ], "doc_chunk": [ "Medical condition\nAcral necrosis is a symptom common in bubonic plague. The striking black discoloration of skin and tissue, primarily on the extremities (\"acral\"), is commonly thought to have given rise to the name \"Black Death,\" associated both with the disease and the pandemic which occurred in the 14th century. The term in fact came from the figural sense of \"black\", that is ghastly, lugubrious or dreadful. Acral necrosis may be a symptom of other diseases too. It also has been observed as an adverse event related to a medical treatment. References. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "Unprogrammed cell death caused by external cell injury\nNecrosis (from grc \" \"\" ()\" 'death') is a form of cell injury which results in the premature death of cells in living tissue by autolysis. The term \"necrosis\" came about in the mid-19th century and is commonly attributed to German pathologist Rudolf Virchow, who is often regarded as one of the founders of modern pathology. Necrosis is caused by factors external to the cell or tissue, such as infection, or trauma which result in the unregulated digestion of cell components. In contrast, apoptosis is a naturally occurring programmed and targeted cause of cellular death. While apoptosis often provides beneficial effects to the organism, necrosis is almost always detrimental and can be fatal. Cellular death due to necrosis does not follow the apoptotic signal transduction pathway, but rather various receptors are activated and result in the loss of cell membrane integrity and an uncontrolled release of products of cell death into the extracellular space. This initiates an inflammatory response in the surrounding tissue, which attracts leukocytes and nearby phagocytes which eliminate the dead cells by phagocytosis. However, microbial damaging substances released by leukocytes would create collateral damage to surrounding tissues. This excess collateral damage inhibits the healing process. Thus, untreated necrosis results in a build-up of decomposing dead tissue and cell debris at or near the site of the cell death. A classic example is gangrene.", "For this reason, it is often necessary to remove necrotic tissue surgically, a procedure known as debridement. Classification. Structural signs that indicate irreversible cell injury and the progression of necrosis include dense clumping and progressive disruption of genetic material, and disruption to membranes of cells and organelles. Morphological patterns. There are six distinctive morphological patterns of necrosis:\nCauses. Necrosis may occur due to external or internal factors. External factors. External factors may involve mechanical trauma (physical damage to the body which causes cellular breakdown), electric shock, damage to blood vessels (which may disrupt blood supply to associated tissue), and ischemia. Thermal effects (extremely high or low temperature) can often result in necrosis due to the disruption of cells, especially in bone cells. In frostbite, crystals form, increasing the pressure of remaining tissue and fluid causing the cells to burst. Under extreme conditions tissues and cells may die through an unregulated process of membrane and cytosol destruction. Internal factors. Internal factors causing necrosis include: trophoneurotic disorders (diseases that occur due to defective nerve action in a part of an organ which results in failure of nutrition); injury and paralysis of nerve cells. Pancreatic enzymes (lipases) are the major cause of fat necrosis. Necrosis can be activated by components of the immune system, such as the complement system; bacterial toxins; activated natural killer cells; and peritoneal macrophages.", "Pathogen-induced necrosis programs in cells with immunological barriers (intestinal mucosa) may alleviate invasion of pathogens through surfaces affected by inflammation. Toxins and pathogens may cause necrosis; toxins such as snake venoms may inhibit enzymes and cause cell death. Necrotic wounds have also resulted from the stings of \"Vespa mandarinia.\" Pathological conditions are characterized by inadequate secretion of cytokines. Nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are also accompanied by intense necrotic death of cells. A classic example of a necrotic condition is ischemia which leads to a drastic depletion of oxygen, glucose, and other trophic factors and induces massive necrotic death of endothelial cells and non-proliferating cells of surrounding tissues (neurons, cardiomyocytes, renal cells, etc.). Recent cytological data indicates that necrotic death occurs not only during pathological events but it is also a component of some physiological process. Activation-induced death of primary T lymphocytes and other important constituents of the immune response are caspase-independent and necrotic by morphology; hence, current researchers have demonstrated that necrotic cell death can occur not only during pathological processes, but also during normal processes such as tissue renewal, embryogenesis, and immune response. Pathogenesis. Pathways. Until recently, necrosis was thought to be an unregulated process. However, there are two broad pathways in which necrosis may occur in an organism.", "The first of these two pathways initially involves oncosis, where swelling of the cells occurs. Affected cells then proceed to blebbing, and this is followed by pyknosis, in which nuclear shrinkage transpires. In the final step of this pathway cell nuclei are dissolved into the cytoplasm, which is referred to as karyolysis. The second pathway is a secondary form of necrosis that is shown to occur after apoptosis and budding. In these cellular changes of necrosis, the nucleus breaks into fragments (known as karyorrhexis). Histopathological changes. The nucleus changes in necrosis and characteristics of this change are determined by the manner in which its DNA breaks down:\nOther typical cellular changes in necrosis include:\nOn a larger histologic scale, pseudopalisades (false palisades) are hypercellular zones that typically surround necrotic tissue. Pseudopalisading necrosis indicates an aggressive tumor. Treatment. There are many causes of necrosis, and as such treatment is based upon how the necrosis came about. Treatment of necrosis typically involves two distinct processes: Usually, the underlying cause of the necrosis must be treated before the dead tissue itself can be dealt with. Even after the initial cause of the necrosis has been halted, the necrotic tissue will remain in the body. The body's immune response to apoptosis, which involves the automatic breaking down and recycling of cellular material, is not triggered by necrotic cell death due to the apoptotic pathway being disabled. In plants." ], "support": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ] }	{ "mapped_id": "ecc4bfba-0824-4ce7-a0a5-be49d84d4e0b", "doc_name": "Acral necrosis", "doc_chunk": "Medical condition\nAcral necrosis is a symptom common in bubonic plague. The striking black discoloration of skin and tissue, primarily on the extremities (\"acral\"), is commonly thought to have given rise to the name \"Black Death,\" associated both with the disease and the pandemic which occurred in the 14th century. The term in fact came from the figural sense of \"black\", that is ghastly, lugubrious or dreadful. Acral necrosis may be a symptom of other diseases too. It also has been observed as an adverse event related to a medical treatment. References. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "support": 1 }
naturalqa	5bfa99a9-685b-4231-b55e-c8701e77bb72	where did the idea of a messiah come from	Messiah in Judaism	[ "Judaism" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=188587	2	{ "mapped_id": [ "5bfa99a9-685b-4231-b55e-c8701e77bb72", "5bfa99a9-685b-4231-b55e-c8701e77bb72", "5bfa99a9-685b-4231-b55e-c8701e77bb72", "5bfa99a9-685b-4231-b55e-c8701e77bb72", "5bfa99a9-685b-4231-b55e-c8701e77bb72" ], "doc_name": [ "Messiah in Judaism", "Messiah in Judaism", "Messiah in Judaism", "Messiah in Judaism", "Messiah in Judaism" ], "doc_chunk": [ "Savior and liberator of the Jewish people\nThe Messiah in Judaism () is a savior and liberator figure in Jewish eschatology who is believed to be the future redeemer of the Jews. The concept of messianism originated in Judaism, and in the Hebrew Bible a messiah is a king or High Priest of Israel traditionally anointed with holy anointing oil. However, messiahs were not exclusively Jewish, as the Hebrew Bible refers to Cyrus the Great, an Achaemenid emperor, as a messiah for his decree to rebuild the Jerusalem Temple. In Jewish eschatology, the Messiah is a future Jewish king from the Davidic line, who is expected to be anointed with holy anointing oil and rule the Jewish people during the Messianic Age and world to come. The Messiah is often referred to as \"King Messiah\" (, ). Jewish messianism gave birth to Christianity, which started as a Second Temple period messianic Jewish religious movement. Etymology. In Jewish eschatology, the term Messiah refers specifically to a future Jewish king from the Davidic line, who is expected to save the Jewish nation and will be anointed with holy anointing oil and rule the Jewish people during the Messianic Age. The Messiah is often referred to as King Messiah. In a generalized sense, messiah has \"the connotation of a savior or redeemer who would appear at the end of days and usher in the kingdom of God, the restoration of Israel, or whatever dispensation was considered to be the ideal state of the world.\"", "Messianism \"denotes a movement, or a system of beliefs and ideas, centered on the expectation of the advent of a messiah.\" Orthodox views hold that the Messiah will be descended from the Davidic line through his father, and will gather the Jews back into the Land of Israel, usher in an era of peace, build the Third Temple, father a male heir, re-institute the Sanhedrin, and so on. However, the word \"Mashiach\" is rarely used in Jewish literature from the 1st century BCE to the 1st-century CE. The Jewish tradition of the late or early post-Second Temple period alludes to two redeemers, one suffering and the second fulfilling the traditional messianic role, namely ben Yosef and ben David. Messiah unqualified refers to ben David. Belief in the future advent of the Messiah was first recorded in the Talmud and later codified in halakha by Maimonides in the \"Mishneh Torah\" as one of the fundamental requisites of the Jewish faith, concerning which has written: \"Anyone who does not believe in him, or who does not wait for his arrival, has not merely denied the other prophets, but has also denied the Torah and Moses, our Rabbi.\" Origins and history. Pre-exile Jewish eschatology (8th–6th cent. BCE). The roots of Jewish eschatology are to be found in the pre-exile prophets, including Isaiah and Jeremiah, and the exile prophets Ezekiel and Deutero-Isaiah.", "The main tenets of Jewish eschatology are the following, in no particular order, elaborated in the books of Isaiah, Jeremiah and Ezekiel:\nSecond Temple period (516 BCE–70 CE). Early in the Second Temple period, hopes for a better future are described in the Jewish scriptures. After the return from the Babylonian exile, the Persian king Cyrus the Great was called \"messiah\" in Isaiah, due to his role in the return of the Jewish exiles. Some messianic ideas developed during the later Second Temple period, ranging from this-worldly, political expectations to apocalyptic expectations of an end time in which the dead would be resurrected, and the Kingdom of Heaven would be established on earth. The Messiah might be a kingly \"Son of David,\" or a more heavenly \"son of man\", but \"Messianism became increasingly eschatological, and eschatology was decisively influenced by apocalypticism\", while \"messianic expectations became increasingly focused on the figure of an individual savior.\" According to R. J. Zwi Werblowsky, \"the Messiah no longer symbolized the coming of the new age, but he was somehow supposed to bring it about.\" The \"Lord's anointed\" thus became the \"savior and redeemer\" and the focus of more intense expectations and doctrines.\" Messianic ideas developed both by new interpretations (\"pesher\", \"midrash\") of the Jewish scriptures but also by visionary revelations. Apocalypticism. Messiah in apocalypticism.", "Religious views on whether Hebrew Bible passages refer to a Messiah may vary among scholars of ancient Israel, looking at their meaning in their original contexts and among rabbinical scholars. The reading of messianic attestations in passages from Isaiah, Jeremiah and Ezekiel is anachronistic because messianism developed later than these texts. According to James C. VanderKam, there are no Jewish texts before the 2nd century BCE that mention a messianic leader, though some terms point in this direction. Some terms, such as the servant songs in the Book of Isaiah, were later interpreted as such. According to Werblowsky] the brutal regime of the Hellenistic Seleucid emperor Antiochus IV Epiphanes (r. 175–163 BCE) led to renewed messianic expectations reflected in the Book of Daniel. His rule was ended by the Maccabean Revolt (167–160 BCE), and the installment of the Hasmonean dynasty (167–37 BCE). The Maccabees ruled Judea semi-independently from the Seleucid Empire from 167–110 BCE, entirely independently from 110–63 BCE, and as a Roman client state from 63–37 BCE, when Herod the Great came to power. The belief in a messianic leader further developed with the end of the Hasmonean dynasty. According to James C. VanderKam, the apocalyptic genre shows a negative attitude towards the foreign powers which ruled Judea. Rejection of these powers was not the only cause of the development of the apocalyptic genre.", "VanderKam states, \"the vast majority of Second Temple texts have no reference to a messianic leader of the endtime.\" The Animal Apocalypse of Enoch 1:85-90 (c. 160 BCE) is the first to do so. After that time, only some apocalypses and some texts which are not apocalypses but do contain apocalyptic or eschatological teachings refer to a messianic leader. According to VanderKam, the lack of messianic allusions may be explained by the fact that Judea was governed for centuries by foreign powers, often without great problems or a negative stance by Jews toward these gentile powers. In the first century BCE, in the Qumran texts, the \"Psalms of Solomon\", and the Similitudes of Enoch, \"both foreign and native rulers are castigated and hopes are placed on a Messiah (or Messiahs) who will end the present evil age of injustice. After the First Jewish–Roman War (66-70 CE), texts like 2 Baruch and 4 Ezra reflect the despair of the time. The images and status of the messiah in the various texts are quite different, but the apocalyptic messiahs are only somewhat more exalted than the leaders portrayed in the non-apocalyptic texts. Charleswoth notes that messianic concepts are found in the Old Testament pseudepigrapha, which include a large number of Apocalypses. Book of Daniel. The Book of Daniel (mid-2nd c. BCE) was quoted and referenced by both Jews and Christians in the 1st century CE as predicting the imminent end-time." ], "support": [ 1, 1, 0, 0, 0 ] }	{ "mapped_id": "5bfa99a9-685b-4231-b55e-c8701e77bb72", "doc_name": "Messiah in Judaism", "doc_chunk": "Savior and liberator of the Jewish people\nThe Messiah in Judaism () is a savior and liberator figure in Jewish eschatology who is believed to be the future redeemer of the Jews. The concept of messianism originated in Judaism, and in the Hebrew Bible a messiah is a king or High Priest of Israel traditionally anointed with holy anointing oil. However, messiahs were not exclusively Jewish, as the Hebrew Bible refers to Cyrus the Great, an Achaemenid emperor, as a messiah for his decree to rebuild the Jerusalem Temple. In Jewish eschatology, the Messiah is a future Jewish king from the Davidic line, who is expected to be anointed with holy anointing oil and rule the Jewish people during the Messianic Age and world to come. The Messiah is often referred to as \"King Messiah\" (, ). Jewish messianism gave birth to Christianity, which started as a Second Temple period messianic Jewish religious movement. Etymology. In Jewish eschatology, the term Messiah refers specifically to a future Jewish king from the Davidic line, who is expected to save the Jewish nation and will be anointed with holy anointing oil and rule the Jewish people during the Messianic Age. The Messiah is often referred to as King Messiah. In a generalized sense, messiah has \"the connotation of a savior or redeemer who would appear at the end of days and usher in the kingdom of God, the restoration of Israel, or whatever dispensation was considered to be the ideal state of the world.\"", "support": 1 }
naturalqa	dd92d7db-65ce-47ca-b27a-71be066d87c4	who plays emily and katie's dad in skins	Katie and Emily	[ "John Bishop" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23546815	1	{ "mapped_id": [ "dd92d7db-65ce-47ca-b27a-71be066d87c4", "dd92d7db-65ce-47ca-b27a-71be066d87c4", "dd92d7db-65ce-47ca-b27a-71be066d87c4", "dd92d7db-65ce-47ca-b27a-71be066d87c4", "dd92d7db-65ce-47ca-b27a-71be066d87c4" ], "doc_name": [ "Katie and Emily", "Katie and Emily", "Katie and Emily", "Katie and Emily", "Katie and Emily" ], "doc_chunk": [ "\"Katie and Emily\" is the ninth and penultimate episode of the third series of the British teen drama \"Skins\", which first aired on 19 March 2009 on E4 in both Ireland and the United Kingdom. The episode was written by Malcolm Campbell and Bryan Elsley, and was directed by Charles Martin. The episode focuses on the characters of twins Katie and Emily Fitch (Megan and Kathryn Prescott, respectively) as they prepare for their college's annual ball. Katie refuses to leave home, recovering from being hit in the head with a rock, and faces her weakening control over her sister. Emily, meanwhile, is heartbroken when her girlfriend, Naomi Campbell (Lily Loveless), turns down Emily's invitation to the ball, and comes out to her family about her sexuality. \"Katie and Emily\" featured numerous cameo appearances by the series' crew members and the winners of various \"Skins\"-related competitions. While filming one of the episode's fight scenes, according to Kathryn Prescott, the actors \"did it a bit too properly\", with injuries sustained to both Megan Prescott and Giles Thomas. The episode drew just under one million viewers on its first broadcast and was E4's highest-rated programme of the week. It was received generally well by critics. Plot. Emily, disguised as her twin sister Katie, arrives at college to take Katie's history exam. In reality, Katie is at home, with nine stitches to the head after being hit with a rock by their friend Effy Stonem, who has disappeared.", "Katie is embarrassed about how her injuries look, and miserable over the loss of her boyfriend Freddie McClair (Luke Pasqualino), who only dated her to spite Effy, his real love interest. She begins to take notice of all the hints in front of her, and realises that she can no longer hide from herself the fact that Emily is homosexual. At college, Naomi uncovers Emily's disguise (which had not fooled JJ or Freddie either) and tells her that she plans to spend the summer alone in Cyprus. When Emily tells Naomi that she will miss her, they kiss in an empty corridor and later find themselves at Naomi's house where they have sex. Afterward, Emily asks Naomi to the college ball, but Naomi, still crippled by insecurity over her sexuality, refuses, leaving Emily heartbroken. Emily leaves and at the bus stop meets Thomas Tomone (Merveille Lukeba), who offers her his shoes and jacket and is unconcerned when she tells him that she is gay. He tries to comfort her but admits that he believes it impossible to stop loving somebody, referring to his ex-girlfriend Pandora Moon (Lisa Backwell). Emily returns home and comes out to her family, telling them that she has been having sex with a girl named Naomi. Her father, Rob (John Bishop), dismisses it as a joke and her mother, Jenna (Ronni Ancona), is speechless, while Katie tries to deny it. She and Emily have a heated argument, leaving Katie crying. The following morning, Naomi visits the Fitches' house, but Jenna answers the door.", "She confronts Naomi, convincing her that Emily is not gay and warning Naomi to stay away from her. Naomi too denies her own sexual orientation and leaves hastily. After waking up, Katie and Emily reconcile in their own secret language, and Emily reluctantly agrees to go to the ball with Katie. While shopping for ball gowns, they meet Pandora, who is returning a dress since Thomas has not forgiven her for her infidelity with their friend James Cook. The twins run into Freddie and JJ Jones (Ollie Barbieri) while trying on dresses. JJ reveals to Emily that he told Freddie that he had sex with her, and Freddie inadvertently tells Katie, who was unaware of this. She guilts Freddie into accompanying her to the ball and volunteers Emily to go with JJ. Later, she is furious with Emily for having sex with JJ without her permission, still insisting that Emily is \"not gay, [just] stupid\". Katie intercepts one of Naomi's phone calls to Emily and tricks Naomi into meeting with her, where she reveals Emily's affair with JJ and warns Naomi not to come to the ball. As Katie, Emily, Freddie and JJ prepare to enter the ball, Naomi arrives, announcing that she knows about Emily and JJ's fling before she walks in. An upset Emily leaves. Katie starts a fight with Naomi. Unaware of Emily's presence, she admits her deceit and claims that Emily \"deserved it.\" Infuriated, Emily attacks Katie, wreaking havoc through the entire ball.", "Emily finally overpowers her sister and raises a fist to punch her, but, after a moment's hesitation, reconsiders and instead helps Katie to stand up, declaring that she is \"not her.\" In front of everybody, Emily tells Katie that she is her own person and that she is in love with Naomi. Katie accepts Emily's individuality and sexuality, and Naomi, no longer ashamed of their relationship, extends her hand to Emily. The couple leaves the ball hand-in-hand and Naomi tells Emily that she loves her too. Meanwhile, Pandora apologises again to Thomas and he forgives her, re-introducing himself. Production. \"Katie and Emily\" featured a number of cameo appearances. Phil Goldie, who won the \"\"Skins\" Needs You\" competition for young directors, appears as a man in the café where Naomi meets Katie. Clara Nicholls and Antonio Aakeel, the winners of a competition to win a speaking role in \"Skins\", played the shop assistant and security guard respectively at the boutique where Katie and Emily shop for ball gowns, while another finalist from the competition, Allana Taylor, starred as a girl dancing with the students' Head of Form, Doug (Giles Thomas), at the ball. One of the series' runners, Laurence Wigfield, played a bystander at the ball and the crew's \"jack of all trades\", Tyrone Hyman, appeared on a poster in Katie and Emily's bedroom. Lisa Backwell described the filming of the ball as her \"most favourite, most mental day of filming\".", "At the end of the final take of Pandora's dancing with Doug, the students' head of year, the entire crew danced into shot. Director Charles Martin was initially dubious of whether Megan and Kathryn Prescott would be able to film Katie and Emily's fight well enough, but Kathryn said that on their first rehearsal they \"did it a bit too properly\", ripping out parts of Megan's hair extensions. Emily's accidental punching of Doug during the fight was choreographed so that when Kathryn Prescott punched the air in front of Giles Thomas's face, the camera angle would make it appear that she was actually hitting him. While they were filming, however, Prescott genuinely punched Thomas by accident, causing him to stumble back and step on Megan Prescott's bare foot, which she injured. Reception. \"Katie and Emily\" brought in 957,000 viewers and was E4's highest-rated programme of the week with an audience share of 4.4 percent. Another 320,000 viewers watched the episode an hour after its initial broadcast on E4's timeshift channel, E4+1. Sarah Warn, editor-in-chief of lesbian-based website AfterEllen.com, thought that the portrayal of Emily and Naomi's relationship in the episode was \"a good example of a well-plotted, well-executed, and well-acted storyline coming to a satisfying conclusion\", which she regarded as \"a noteworthy event given how few TV shows you can say that about\"." ], "support": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ] }	{ "mapped_id": "dd92d7db-65ce-47ca-b27a-71be066d87c4", "doc_name": "Katie and Emily", "doc_chunk": "Katie is embarrassed about how her injuries look, and miserable over the loss of her boyfriend Freddie McClair (Luke Pasqualino), who only dated her to spite Effy, his real love interest. She begins to take notice of all the hints in front of her, and realises that she can no longer hide from herself the fact that Emily is homosexual. At college, Naomi uncovers Emily's disguise (which had not fooled JJ or Freddie either) and tells her that she plans to spend the summer alone in Cyprus. When Emily tells Naomi that she will miss her, they kiss in an empty corridor and later find themselves at Naomi's house where they have sex. Afterward, Emily asks Naomi to the college ball, but Naomi, still crippled by insecurity over her sexuality, refuses, leaving Emily heartbroken. Emily leaves and at the bus stop meets Thomas Tomone (Merveille Lukeba), who offers her his shoes and jacket and is unconcerned when she tells him that she is gay. He tries to comfort her but admits that he believes it impossible to stop loving somebody, referring to his ex-girlfriend Pandora Moon (Lisa Backwell). Emily returns home and comes out to her family, telling them that she has been having sex with a girl named Naomi. Her father, Rob (John Bishop), dismisses it as a joke and her mother, Jenna (Ronni Ancona), is speechless, while Katie tries to deny it. She and Emily have a heated argument, leaving Katie crying. The following morning, Naomi visits the Fitches' house, but Jenna answers the door.", "support": 1 }
naturalqa	32422c5e-6375-430f-8391-c8c9e2303d77	where did the denver broncos coach come from	Vance Joseph	[ "Miami Dolphins" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22371894	1	{ "mapped_id": [ "32422c5e-6375-430f-8391-c8c9e2303d77", "32422c5e-6375-430f-8391-c8c9e2303d77", "32422c5e-6375-430f-8391-c8c9e2303d77", "32422c5e-6375-430f-8391-c8c9e2303d77", "32422c5e-6375-430f-8391-c8c9e2303d77" ], "doc_name": [ "Vance Joseph", "Vance Joseph", "Vance Joseph", "Vance Joseph", "Vance Joseph" ], "doc_chunk": [ "American football player and coach (born 1972)\nVance Desmond Joseph (born September 20, 1972) is an American football coach and former player who is the defensive coordinator of the Denver Broncos of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Colorado Buffaloes as a quarterback and running back in the 1990s, and was signed by the New York Jets as an undrafted free agent in 1995, playing cornerback for them and then the Indianapolis Colts in 1996. After spending 12 years as a defensive coach in the NFL with San Francisco (2005–10), Houston (2011–13), Cincinnati (2014–15) and Miami (2016), Joseph was hired as head coach by the Denver Broncos in 2017, serving until he was fired after the 2018 season. After his first tenure with the Broncos, Joseph served as defensive coordinator for the Arizona Cardinals from 2019 to 2022, before being hired by the Broncos as defensive coordinator in 2023. Playing career. High school career. Joseph was the starting quarterback for three seasons for the Archbishop Shaw High School Eagles. He led his team to a 37–6 record in his three seasons and won Louisiana’s 4A state championship as a sophomore. He garnered \"USA Today\" honorable-mention All-America honors as a senior and finished as 4A state runner-up to Ruston High School. Joseph also was a starting guard on Archbishop Shaw's 1988–89 Class 4A state champion basketball team and lettered all four seasons in basketball. College career. Joseph attended the University of Colorado, and played for the Colorado Buffaloes football team as a quarterback and running back from 1990 to 1994.", "Joseph played in 30 games for the Buffs as a backup to All-Americans Darian Hagan and fellow Marrero native Kordell Stewart. He completed 34-of-61 career passes (55.7%) for 454 yards with four touchdowns in addition to rushing 50 times for 237 yards with one touchdown during his college career. Joseph was also a member of the 1990 National Championship team. Joseph graduated from the Leeds School of Business with a degree in marketing in 1994. National Football League. Joseph was signed by the New York Jets as an undrafted free agent in 1995 and switched to the defensive back position. He played two seasons in the National Football League for the New York Jets and Indianapolis Colts. During his NFL career, Joseph started six games and recorded two interceptions. Coaching career. College. Joseph became a graduate assistant for the Colorado Buffaloes in 1999 and was there until 2001. After a brief stint as the secondary coach for Wyoming Cowboys in 2002, Joseph returned to Colorado to become the defensive backs coach in 2002 and 2003. He spent the 2004 season as the defensive backs coach for the Bowling Green Falcons. San Francisco 49ers. On February 17, 2005, Joseph was hired by the San Francisco 49ers as a secondary assistant. In 2006, he was promoted to secondary coach, a position he shared with Johnnie Lynn until 2010, when Lynn resigned for personal reasons. Houston Texans. Joseph joined the coaching staff of the Houston Texans in 2011. He served as the defensive backs coach under defensive coordinator Wade Phillips and head coach Gary Kubiak. Joseph helped the Texans to three consecutive top-seven NFL rankings in overall defense.", "Joseph’s secondary contributed to the team allowing the third-fewest passing yards per game (203.5) during that three-year stretch, helping Houston to its first two division titles in team history and playoff wins from 2011–12. Cincinnati Bengals. Joseph was hired as the defensive backs coach of the Cincinnati Bengals in January 2014. Joseph helped the Bengals to back-to-back playoff appearances as their defensive backs coach from 2014 to 2015 under head coach Marvin Lewis, guiding a unit that contributed to a league-best 41 interceptions during that span. Miami Dolphins. Joseph was announced as the defensive coordinator of the Miami Dolphins for the 2016 season under head coach Adam Gase. Joseph oversaw a defense that played a key role in the Dolphins returning to the playoffs for the first time in eight seasons. Despite having to use 13 different starting lineups due to injury, Joseph’s defense ranked fourth in the NFL on third downs (36.2%) while forcing the sixth-most negative plays (107) in the league. The Dolphins won nine of their final 11 regular-season games in 2016 with Joseph’s defense accounting for the fourth-most takeaways (21) in the NFL during that stretch. Denver Broncos. Joseph was hired as head coach for the Denver Broncos on January 11, 2017, after signing a four-year contract. He is the second African American head coach in Broncos history, after Eric Studesville was interim head coach for 4 games in 2010, and their first African-American head coach on a permanent basis.", "On September 11, 2017, on \"Monday Night Football\", Joseph won his head coaching debut in the 24–21 victory over the Los Angeles Chargers. Joseph finished his first season (2017) as head coach with a 5–11 record and improved to only 6–10 in his second season (2018), resulting in back-to-back losing seasons for the Broncos for the first time since the 1971/1972 seasons. On December 31, 2018, Joseph was fired by the team. Arizona Cardinals. On January 11, 2019, Joseph was hired by the Arizona Cardinals as their defensive coordinator under head coach Kliff Kingsbury. On October 15, 2021, Kingsbury and several other coaching staff members tested positive for COVID-19. This resulted in Joseph and special teams coordinator Jeff Rodgers taking over as co-interim head coaches for the Cardinals' week 6 game against the Cleveland Browns on October 17, 2021, and they led the Cardinals to a 37–14 win. Denver Broncos (second stint). The Broncos re-hired Joseph as their defensive coordinator under head coach Sean Payton on February 25, 2023. Following Week 3 of the 2023 NFL season, Joseph was heavily criticized for his defense's performance in a catastrophic loss to the Miami Dolphins, where the Dolphins scored 70 points (being the first team to do so in a game since 1966, and the fourth team to ever accomplish the feat), as well as racking up 726 yards of total offense (the second-most yards in an NFL game and the most since 1951 in a single game).", "Many observers and fans subsequently called for his firing over the horrific defensive performance, despite it only being three weeks into the season. However, Payton said that there would be no firings in the wake of the lopsided loss. Five weeks after the 20–70 loss to the Dolphins, his defense allowed no touchdowns in a 24–9 victory over the defending champion and eventual Super Bowl champion Kansas City Chiefs. Personal life. Vance's older brother, Mickey Joseph, is a coach and former quarterback, who previously served as the interim head coach for the Nebraska Cornhuskers. Vance's younger brother, Sammy Joseph, played defensive back in the NFL and CFL. Vance has two children with his wife, Holly. Sexual assault allegations. In 2004, Joseph was accused of sexually assaulting two female trainers while serving as the defensive backs coach at the University of Colorado. The allegations were investigated by a state task force as part of a massive recruiting scandal that involved multiple women claiming they were raped by football players. Joseph was placed on administrative leave, but after one of the two women involved said she did not want to press charges and the other declined to talk to police, the case was closed and Joseph was not charged. Joseph left the University of Colorado and took a job with Bowling Green shortly afterwards. CU’s then-president said at the time that Joseph was also being investigated for sexual harassment in connection with a different incident in which he had sex with a trainer in a campus athletic facility. The sexual assault allegations resurfaced in 2017 when Joseph was hired as head coach of the Denver Broncos." ], "support": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ] }	{ "mapped_id": "32422c5e-6375-430f-8391-c8c9e2303d77", "doc_name": "Vance Joseph", "doc_chunk": "Joseph’s secondary contributed to the team allowing the third-fewest passing yards per game (203.5) during that three-year stretch, helping Houston to its first two division titles in team history and playoff wins from 2011–12. Cincinnati Bengals. Joseph was hired as the defensive backs coach of the Cincinnati Bengals in January 2014. Joseph helped the Bengals to back-to-back playoff appearances as their defensive backs coach from 2014 to 2015 under head coach Marvin Lewis, guiding a unit that contributed to a league-best 41 interceptions during that span. Miami Dolphins. Joseph was announced as the defensive coordinator of the Miami Dolphins for the 2016 season under head coach Adam Gase. Joseph oversaw a defense that played a key role in the Dolphins returning to the playoffs for the first time in eight seasons. Despite having to use 13 different starting lineups due to injury, Joseph’s defense ranked fourth in the NFL on third downs (36.2%) while forcing the sixth-most negative plays (107) in the league. The Dolphins won nine of their final 11 regular-season games in 2016 with Joseph’s defense accounting for the fourth-most takeaways (21) in the NFL during that stretch. Denver Broncos. Joseph was hired as head coach for the Denver Broncos on January 11, 2017, after signing a four-year contract. He is the second African American head coach in Broncos history, after Eric Studesville was interim head coach for 4 games in 2010, and their first African-American head coach on a permanent basis.", "support": 1 }
naturalqa	b6c1bf6b-612e-4d23-bbc5-af01be7a8457	who sings the song if i die before i wake feed jake	Feed Jake	[ "Pirates of the Mississippi" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24067330	1	{ "mapped_id": [ "b6c1bf6b-612e-4d23-bbc5-af01be7a8457", "b6c1bf6b-612e-4d23-bbc5-af01be7a8457", "b6c1bf6b-612e-4d23-bbc5-af01be7a8457", "b6c1bf6b-612e-4d23-bbc5-af01be7a8457", "b6c1bf6b-612e-4d23-bbc5-af01be7a8457" ], "doc_name": [ "Feed Jake", "Feed Jake", "Feed", "FEED", "Push feed and controlled feed" ], "doc_chunk": [ "\"Feed Jake\" is a song written by Danny Mayo, and recorded by American country music band Pirates of the Mississippi. It was released in February 1991 as the third single from the band's self-titled debut album. The song is also the band's highest chart peak, having reached number 15 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) charts. Content. \"Feed Jake\" is a ballad accompanied mainly by guitar and synthesized strings. In the chorus, the male narrator reminisces on his childhood friend, a dog named Jake (\"If I die before I wake / Feed Jake...\"). The narrator also addresses societal stereotypes toward homeless people and of the gay community, of whom the latter are addressed in the final verse. Guitarist Rich Alves said of the song that it \"means something different to everyone who hears it.\" Music video. Deaton-Flanigen Productions directed the song's music video, which was one of the first of its kind in the country music industry to not feature the artist at all. Most of the music video was filmed southwest of Nashville, Tennessee on Tennessee State Route 100 as well as on Highway 70 in White Bluff, Tennessee. It tells the song's story through two men, who are childhood friends, as shown in flashbacks. Later on, one of the men is attending the other's funeral, and the surviving man goes to meet his dog Jake, a Labrador which he and the deceased friend adopted together, at the cemetery.", "Upon its release, many viewers interpreted the video as depicting a relationship between two gay men, one of whom dies of AIDS at the end. Kimberly Lansing, then the executive producer of Deaton-Flanigen Productions, said that the video was \"not meant one way or another\" regarding the back story or the one man's death. Lansing also said that the video is about returning home and not fitting in anymore. Additionally, because of the Persian Gulf War, some people have also assumed that the man's death is war-related. Critical reception. In the book \"The Encyclopedia of Country Music\", Tom Roland wrote that the final verse, with its theme of tolerance towards gay people, showed a shift in political beliefs for the typically conservative country music audience. In 2019, Rolling Stone ranked \"Feed Jake\" No. 37 on its list of the 40 saddest songs in country music. Chart performance. \"Feed Jake\" debuted on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks for the week of March 16, 1991. It spent 20 weeks on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) charts, peaking at number 15 the week of June 8, 1991. Other versions. A live recording appeared on the band's 1995 album \"Paradise\" for Giant Records. This version was produced by David Malloy. References. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "Feed or The Feed may refer to:\n<templatestyles src=\"Template:TOC_right/styles.css\" />\nSee also. Topics referred to by the same term\n<templatestyles src=\"Dmbox/styles.css\" />\n This page lists associated with the title .", "FEED may refer to:\nTopics referred to by the same term\n<templatestyles src=\"Dmbox/styles.css\" />\n This page lists associated with the title .", "Firearms - how a cartridge is fed into and extracted from the chamber\nPush feed and controlled feed (or controlled round feed) are two main types of mechanisms used in firearms to describe how the bolt drives the cartridge into the chamber and extracts the spent casing after firing. The better of the two systems has been debated for over 50 years, with both systems having their own strengths and weaknesses. Some prefer the controlled round feed for hunting dangerous game, while others state that either of the systems can be reliable or unreliable, depending for example on the quality of the rifle and maintenance. There has been a trend that newer rifle models tend to have a push feed mechanism, while almost every modern semi-auto pistol has a controlled feed mechanism. A push feed system in most cases is cheaper to manufacture than the more complex controlled feed mechanism. History. The first rifle with a controlled feeding mechanism was the M1885 Remington–Lee which first appeared in 1879. Lee applied for a patent, around the same time as Mauser applied for a patent on the same feature, DE51241 and US476290, which was introduced on the Mauser Model 1893. Discussion. Double feed. The main disadvantage with a push feed system is the possibility for a double feed malfunction if the bolt is not fully closed when chambering a round, followed with pulling the bolt back to strip another round from the magazine, resulting in one chambered and one partially chambered round. A double feed in itself is somewhat uncommon as an independent malfunction, but it often manifests itself as a consequence of other firearm malfunctions." ], "support": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ] }	{ "mapped_id": "b6c1bf6b-612e-4d23-bbc5-af01be7a8457", "doc_name": "Feed Jake", "doc_chunk": "\"Feed Jake\" is a song written by Danny Mayo, and recorded by American country music band Pirates of the Mississippi. It was released in February 1991 as the third single from the band's self-titled debut album. The song is also the band's highest chart peak, having reached number 15 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) charts. Content. \"Feed Jake\" is a ballad accompanied mainly by guitar and synthesized strings. In the chorus, the male narrator reminisces on his childhood friend, a dog named Jake (\"If I die before I wake / Feed Jake...\"). The narrator also addresses societal stereotypes toward homeless people and of the gay community, of whom the latter are addressed in the final verse. Guitarist Rich Alves said of the song that it \"means something different to everyone who hears it.\" Music video. Deaton-Flanigen Productions directed the song's music video, which was one of the first of its kind in the country music industry to not feature the artist at all. Most of the music video was filmed southwest of Nashville, Tennessee on Tennessee State Route 100 as well as on Highway 70 in White Bluff, Tennessee. It tells the song's story through two men, who are childhood friends, as shown in flashbacks. Later on, one of the men is attending the other's funeral, and the surviving man goes to meet his dog Jake, a Labrador which he and the deceased friend adopted together, at the cemetery.", "support": 1 }
naturalqa	341c5a2f-0145-471c-a69d-6b7f0e717cc1	who selects georgia's state superintendent of schools	Georgia Department of Education	[ "a publicly elected position" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=10587804	1	{ "mapped_id": [ "341c5a2f-0145-471c-a69d-6b7f0e717cc1", "341c5a2f-0145-471c-a69d-6b7f0e717cc1", "341c5a2f-0145-471c-a69d-6b7f0e717cc1", "341c5a2f-0145-471c-a69d-6b7f0e717cc1", "341c5a2f-0145-471c-a69d-6b7f0e717cc1" ], "doc_name": [ "Georgia Department of Education", "Georgia Department of Education", "Georgia Department of Transportation", "Georgia Department of Transportation", "Georgia Department of Transportation" ], "doc_chunk": [ "Government agency of Georgia (U.S. state)\nThe Georgia Department of Education (GaDOE) is an American agency that governs public education in the state of Georgia. The department manages funding and testing for local educational agencies accountable for student achievement. The department is managed by the State Superintendent of Schools, a publicly elected position currently held by Richard Woods (since 2015). Former Superintendents of the department have included Linda Schrenko, Kathy Cox, William Bradley Bryant, John Barge, and Charles McDaniel; the first superintendent was John Randolph Lewis, in 1871. The department is headquartered in the 2054 Twin Towers East building at 205 Jesse Hill Jr. Drive SE at Martin Luther King Jr. Drive in Downtown Atlanta. Organization. The following five offices comprise the Georgia Department of Education: the Office of Standards, Instruction and Assessment, the Office of Finance and Business Operations, the Office of Policy and External Affairs, the Office of Education Support and Improvement, and the Office of Technology Services. Office of Standards, Instruction and Assessment. The Office of Standards, Instructions and Assessment is made up of three Divisions: the Division of Standards Based Learning, which works to provide learning materials and instruction to assist teachers in making sure their students are prepared for graduation and beyond, the Division of Innovative Instruction, which provides educational programs and material for students, and the Division of Assessment and Accountability, which assesses student achievements and provides data to teachers and schools in order to better learn from their strengths and weaknesses. Office of Finance and Business Operations.", "The Office of Finance and Business Operations has seven divisions: Account Services, Budget Services, Facility Services, Financial Review, Internal Support, Pupil Transportation and School Nutrition. For the most part these divisions see to the financial needs of the Department of Education and the schools in Georgia. However, the Pupil Transportation and School Nutrition divisions also work to interpret of laws and regulations and provide leadership and training assistance. Office of Policy and External Affairs. The Office of Policy and External Affairs maintains divisions which deal with charter schools, communication, human resources, policy and state schools. Office of Education Support and Improvement. Several divisions make up the Office of Education Support and Improvement. Learning Support provides services to schools, teachers and students. Migrant Education works with eligible children in Georgia. School Improvement helps schools by putting together a \"statewide system\" of tools and resources. Office of Technology Services. The Office of Technology Services is split into two divisions: the Instructional Technology division, which integrates technology into the classroom and the Information Technology division, which builds infrastructures so information can be given to decision makers in the state. State exams. The State of Georgia requires students to take several state tests: the End of Course Assessments (certain high school courses) and the Georgia Milestones (elementary and middle school). Rulings. In 2021 the Department of Education banned teaching that \"indoctrinates\" students about racism. References. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "Government agency in Georgia, United States\nThe Georgia Department of Transportation (GDOT) is the organization in charge of developing and maintaining all state and federal roadways in the U.S. state of Georgia. In addition to highways, the department also has a limited role in developing public transportation and general aviation programs. GDOT is headquartered in downtown Atlanta and is part of the executive branch of state government. GDOT has broken up the state of Georgia into seven districts in order to facilitate regional development. Each district is responsible for the planning, design, construction, and maintenance of the state and federal highways in their region. History. The State Highway Department was created on August 16, 1916 by an act of the Georgia General Assembly. In 1918 came the creation of the Georgia State Highway Commission, which made surveys and oversaw plans for road projects. Finally, in 1972, came the creation of the Georgia Department of Transportation by Governor Jimmy Carter. Roles and responsibilities. The Georgia Department of Transportation plans, constructs, maintains, and improves the state's road and bridges; provides planning and financial support for other modes of transportation such as mass transit and airports; provides airport and air safety planning; and provides air travel to state departments. The department also provides administrative support to the State Road and Tollway Authority and the Georgia Rail Passenger Authority. A majority of the department's resources are directed toward maintaining and improving the state's network of roads and bridges. Proceeds from the state's motor fuel taxes are constitutionally earmarked solely for use on Georgia's roads and bridges.", "Non-road and bridge construction projects are supported by a combination of state general funds, federal funds, and local funds. The department is responsible for waterways, including the Intracoastal Waterway and the Savannah and Brunswick ports. Ground transportation. Highway system. The state of Georgia has of Interstate highways within its state lines. Georgia's major Interstate Highways are I-95, I-75, I-16, I-85, and I-20. Other important interstate highways are I-24 and I-59. I-285 is Atlanta's perimeter route and I-575 connects with counties in north Georgia on I-75 and I-675 connects to I-285 on the south side of Atlanta. I-475 is a western bypass of Macon, shortening the trip for through I-75 traffic. The Georgia Department of Transportation maintains only 16 percent of the roads in the state. The other 84 percent are the responsibility of the counties and cities; 75 percent of those roads are county roads. GDOT maintains approximately 18,000 miles of state routes and has maintained this mileage cap since the early 1970s. This has led to a significant shift of road responsibility from state responsibility to local governments. This is because the state highway system has not been allowed to grow in proportion to the massive overall road system growth due to rapid population increases statewide over the past 40 years. This has left many urbanized counties forced to maintain many miles of arterial routes and a few freeways due to inability to get these roads onto the state highway system. Freeing the Freeways.", "The Freeing the Freeways program is the largest urban expressway reconstruction project of the late 20th century. The program involved widening the all the interstate highways within the beltway of Atlanta. The Federal Highway Act of 1976 allowed states for the first time to use federal highway dollars to widen and build new interchanges on existing highways. This change to federal policy and subsequent similar changes in the 1978 Surface Transportation Assistance Act and 1981 Federal-Aid Highway Act allowed Georgia to rebuild metro Atlanta interstates with 90/10 federal support. The project cost $1.5 billion and doubled Atlanta's freeway lane miles from . The project sought to increase lanes from six to eight on I-20, I-75, I-85, and I-285 and 10 lanes on the downtown connector involved and was phased over 13 years between 1976 and 1988. During this time, auxiliary interstates in the Atlanta metropolitan area would be constructed and open including Interstate 575 (construction began in 1979 and was completed in 1985) and Interstate 675 (construction began in 1982 and was completed in 1987). Widening of I-285 took place first, in order to allow drivers to bypass the construction when it took place within the beltway. Construction began on the northern arc of I-285 from Paces Ferry Road just west of I-75 to Chamblee Tucker Road just east of I-85 in 1976, and it was completed by 1978. The radiating expressways were then upgraded. By July of 1985, I-75 and I-85 had both been widened from the Brookwood Split to north to their interchanges with I-285." ], "support": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ] }	{ "mapped_id": "341c5a2f-0145-471c-a69d-6b7f0e717cc1", "doc_name": "Georgia Department of Education", "doc_chunk": "Government agency of Georgia (U.S. state)\nThe Georgia Department of Education (GaDOE) is an American agency that governs public education in the state of Georgia. The department manages funding and testing for local educational agencies accountable for student achievement. The department is managed by the State Superintendent of Schools, a publicly elected position currently held by Richard Woods (since 2015). Former Superintendents of the department have included Linda Schrenko, Kathy Cox, William Bradley Bryant, John Barge, and Charles McDaniel; the first superintendent was John Randolph Lewis, in 1871. The department is headquartered in the 2054 Twin Towers East building at 205 Jesse Hill Jr. Drive SE at Martin Luther King Jr. Drive in Downtown Atlanta. Organization. The following five offices comprise the Georgia Department of Education: the Office of Standards, Instruction and Assessment, the Office of Finance and Business Operations, the Office of Policy and External Affairs, the Office of Education Support and Improvement, and the Office of Technology Services. Office of Standards, Instruction and Assessment. The Office of Standards, Instructions and Assessment is made up of three Divisions: the Division of Standards Based Learning, which works to provide learning materials and instruction to assist teachers in making sure their students are prepared for graduation and beyond, the Division of Innovative Instruction, which provides educational programs and material for students, and the Division of Assessment and Accountability, which assesses student achievements and provides data to teachers and schools in order to better learn from their strengths and weaknesses. Office of Finance and Business Operations.", "support": 1 }
naturalqa	d8f4104d-44e0-4ec0-a4e4-f589379775e2	who pitched the first no-hitter in orioles history	List of Baltimore Orioles no-hitters	[ "Earl Hamilton" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=29777200	1	{ "mapped_id": [ "d8f4104d-44e0-4ec0-a4e4-f589379775e2", "d8f4104d-44e0-4ec0-a4e4-f589379775e2", "d8f4104d-44e0-4ec0-a4e4-f589379775e2", "d8f4104d-44e0-4ec0-a4e4-f589379775e2", "d8f4104d-44e0-4ec0-a4e4-f589379775e2" ], "doc_name": [ "List of Baltimore Orioles no-hitters", "List of Baltimore Orioles no-hitters", "List of Baltimore Orioles no-hitters", "Baltimore Orioles", "Baltimore Orioles" ], "doc_chunk": [ "The Baltimore Orioles are a Major League Baseball franchise based in Baltimore, Maryland. They play in the American League East division, and were previously known in earlier years as the “Milwaukee Brewers” (1901) and “St. Louis Browns” (1902 to 1953). Pitchers for the Orioles have thrown ten no-hitters in franchise history. A no-hitter is officially recognized by Major League Baseball only \"when a pitcher (or pitchers) allows no hits during the entire course of a game, which consists of at least nine innings\", though one or more batters \"may reach base via a walk, an error, a hit by pitch, a passed ball or wild pitch on strike three, or catcher's interference\". No-hitters of less than nine complete innings were previously recognized by the league as official; however, several rule alterations in 1991 changed the rule to its current form. No perfect games, a special subcategory of no-hitter, have been thrown in Orioles history. As defined by Major League Baseball, \"in a perfect game, no batter reaches any base during the course of the game.\" Earl Hamilton threw the first no-hitter in Orioles history on August 30, 1912; the most recent no-hitter was thrown by John Means on May 5, 2021. No-hitters have been thrown by five left-handed starting pitchers and five right-handers. Seven no-hitters were thrown at home and three on the road. There have been two no-hitters in April, four in May, one in July, two in August, and one in September.", "The longest interval between no-hitters was 36 years from May 6, 1917 (Bob Groom) to May 6, 1953 (Bobo Holloman). The shortest interval was one day, May 5, 1917 (Ernie Koob) to May 6, 1917 (Groom). The franchise no-hit the Oakland Athletics (formerly “Philadelphia Athletics”) the most, three times, by Holloman in 1953, Jim Palmer in 1969, and a combined no-hitter by Milacki, Flanagan, Williamson, and Olson in 1991. In two no-hitters, the team allowed at least one run: by Hamilton in 1912 (which was a loss) and a combined no-hitter by Steve Barber and Stu Miller in 1967. The most baserunners allowed in a no-hitter was a combined no-no by Barber and Miller, who allowed 14 in a 2–1 loss to the Detroit Tigers in 1967. Of the ten no-hitters, two have been won by a score of 1–0 and two by a score of 6–0, more common than any other result. The largest margin of victory was an 8–0 win by Palmer in 1969. The smallest margin of victory was a 1–0 wins by Koob in 1917 and Hoyt Wilhelm in 1958. The umpire is an integral part of any no-hitter.", "The umpire makes any decision “which involves judgment, such as, but not limited to, whether a batted ball is fair or foul, whether a pitch is a strike or a ball, or whether a runner is safe or out… [the umpire’s judgment on such matters] is final.\" Part of the duties of the umpire making calls at home plate includes defining the strike zone, which \"is defined as that area over homeplate \"(sic)\" the upper limit of which is a horizontal line at the midpoint between the top of the shoulders and the top of the uniform pants, and the lower level is a line at the hollow beneath the kneecap.” These calls define every baseball game and are therefore integral to the completion of any no-hitter. Eight different umpires presided over each of the franchise’s ten no-hitters. The manager is another integral part of a no-hitter. For every game, the manager determines the starting rotation (who pitches in each game) as well as the batting order and defensive lineup. A manager’s decisions can contribute to a no-hitter. Eight different managers have overseen the franchise’s ten no-hitters. <templatestyles src=\"Template:TOC_right/styles.css\" />\nReferences. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "American professional baseball team\nThe Baltimore Orioles (also known as the O's) are an American professional baseball team based in Baltimore. The Orioles compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member of the American League (AL) East Division. As one of the American League's eight charter teams in 1901, the franchise spent its first year as a major league club in Milwaukee as the Milwaukee Brewers before moving to St. Louis to become the St. Louis Browns in 1902. After 52 years in St. Louis, the franchise was purchased in 1953 by a syndicate of Baltimore business and civic interests, led by attorney and civic activist Clarence Miles and Mayor Thomas D'Alesandro Jr. The team's current owner is David Rubenstein. The Orioles' home ballpark is Oriole Park at Camden Yards, which opened in 1992 in downtown Baltimore. The oriole is the official state bird of Maryland; the name has been used by several baseball clubs in the city, including another AL charter member franchise which folded after the 1902 season and was replaced the next year by the New York Highlanders, later the Yankees. Nicknames for the team include the \"O's\" and the \"Birds\". The franchise's first World Series appearance came in 1944 when the Browns lost to the St. Louis Cardinals. The Orioles went on to make six World Series appearances from 1966 to 1983, winning three in 1966, 1970, and 1983.", "This era of the club featured several future Hall of Famers who would later be inducted representing the Orioles, such as third baseman Brooks Robinson, outfielder Frank Robinson, starting pitcher Jim Palmer, first baseman Eddie Murray, shortstop Cal Ripken Jr., and manager Earl Weaver. The Orioles have won a total of ten division championships (1969, 1970, 1971, 1973, 1974, 1979, 1983, 1997, 2014, 2023), seven pennants (1944 while in St. Louis, 1966, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1979, 1983), and three wild card berths (1996, 2012, 2016). The franchise was the last charter member of the American League to win a pennant, and the last charter member to win a World Series. After 14 consecutive losing seasons between 1998 and 2011, the team qualified for the postseason three times under manager Buck Showalter and general manager Dan Duquette, including a division title and advancement to the American League Championship Series for the first time in 17 years in 2014. Four years later, the Orioles lost 115 games, the most in franchise history. The Orioles chose not to renew the expired contracts of Showalter and Duquette after the season, ending their respective tenures with Baltimore. The Orioles' current manager is Brandon Hyde, while Mike Elias serves as general manager and executive vice president. Two years after finishing 52–110 in 2021, the Orioles went 101–61 in 2023, en route to winning the AL East for the first time since 2014." ], "support": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ] }	{ "mapped_id": "d8f4104d-44e0-4ec0-a4e4-f589379775e2", "doc_name": "List of Baltimore Orioles no-hitters", "doc_chunk": "The Baltimore Orioles are a Major League Baseball franchise based in Baltimore, Maryland. They play in the American League East division, and were previously known in earlier years as the “Milwaukee Brewers” (1901) and “St. Louis Browns” (1902 to 1953). Pitchers for the Orioles have thrown ten no-hitters in franchise history. A no-hitter is officially recognized by Major League Baseball only \"when a pitcher (or pitchers) allows no hits during the entire course of a game, which consists of at least nine innings\", though one or more batters \"may reach base via a walk, an error, a hit by pitch, a passed ball or wild pitch on strike three, or catcher's interference\". No-hitters of less than nine complete innings were previously recognized by the league as official; however, several rule alterations in 1991 changed the rule to its current form. No perfect games, a special subcategory of no-hitter, have been thrown in Orioles history. As defined by Major League Baseball, \"in a perfect game, no batter reaches any base during the course of the game.\" Earl Hamilton threw the first no-hitter in Orioles history on August 30, 1912; the most recent no-hitter was thrown by John Means on May 5, 2021. No-hitters have been thrown by five left-handed starting pitchers and five right-handers. Seven no-hitters were thrown at home and three on the road. There have been two no-hitters in April, four in May, one in July, two in August, and one in September.", "support": 1 }
naturalqa	4b5cd469-ce39-4ef4-ac9b-c7b2a0776cb2	what type of currency is used in afghanistan	Afghan afghani	[ "The afghani" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=188967	5	{ "mapped_id": [ "4b5cd469-ce39-4ef4-ac9b-c7b2a0776cb2", "4b5cd469-ce39-4ef4-ac9b-c7b2a0776cb2", "4b5cd469-ce39-4ef4-ac9b-c7b2a0776cb2", "4b5cd469-ce39-4ef4-ac9b-c7b2a0776cb2", "4b5cd469-ce39-4ef4-ac9b-c7b2a0776cb2" ], "doc_name": [ "Afghan afghani", "Afghan afghani", "Afghan afghani", "Afghan afghani", "Afghan afghani" ], "doc_chunk": [ "Currency of Afghanistan\nThe afghani (sign: or Af (plural: Afs) code: AFN; ; ) is the official currency of Afghanistan since the 1920s. It is nominally subdivided into 100 \"puls\" (پول), although there are no pul coins in circulation these days. Printed in Poland, the afghani currency is managed solely by the nation's central bank, Da Afghanistan Bank (DAB). The afghani was introduced in 1923 but is still informally referred to as a \"rupee\" by some in conversation and transactions, a legacy of its predecessing Afghan rupee currency. Its exchange rate is around 70 afghanis for 1 United States dollar (as of November 2023). History. First Afghani (1923–2002). The original afghani (ISO 4217 code: AFA) was introduced in 1923 during the era of King Amanullah Khan, replacing the Afghan rupee that was used since 1891. In addition to being subdivided into 100 puls, 20 afghanis were equal to one \"amani\". The rate of conversion from the rupee is sometimes quoted as 1 afghani = 1 rupee 6 paisas, based on the silver contents of the last rupee coins and the first afghani coins. The afghani initially contained 9 grams of silver. Alongside the new currency, the various units of weight used in Afghanistan were replaced by a single metric system. Except during World War I, Afghanistan's foreign exchange rate has been freely determined by market forces.", "However, for some periods, a dual exchange rate regime existed in Afghanistan: an official exchange rate which was fixed by the major banks in the country, and a free market exchange rate which was determined by the supply and demand forces in Kabul's money bazaar called \"Saraye Shahzada\". For example, in order to avoid the seasonal fluctuations in the exchange rate, a fixed exchange rate was adopted in 1935 by the Bank-e-Millie (National Bank), which was then responsible for the country's exchange rate system and official reserves. Bank-e-Millie agreed to exchange afghani at Afs. 4 against 1 Indian rupee in 1935. After the establishment of Da Afghanistan Bank (DAB) as the central bank of Afghanistan, such a preferential official fixed exchange rate continued to be practiced. Although DAB tried to keep its official rate close to the Sarai Shahzada exchange rate, the gap between the official and free-market exchange rates widened in the 1980s and during the civil war thereafter. The afghani traded at Afs. 67 to one US dollar in 1973. After the start of a civil war in 1992, the same US dollar bought Afs. 16,000. Banknotes from the period of Zahir Shah's monarchy ceased to be legal tender by 1991. After the creation of a dysfunctional government and the start of the civil war, different warlords and factions, foreign powers and forgers each made their own afghani banknotes to support themselves financially, with no regard to standardization or honoring serial numbers.", "In December 1996, shortly after the Taliban took control of Afghanistan's institutions, Ehsanullah Ehsan, the chairman of the Taliban's Central Bank, declared most afghani notes in circulation to be worthless (approximately 100 trillion Afghani) and cancelled the contract with the Russian firm that had been printing the currency since 1992. Ehsan accused the firm of sending new shipments of afghani notes to ousted President Burhanuddin Rabbani in northern Takhar province. The exchange rate at the time of Ehsan's announcement was Afs. 21,000 to one US dollar. It was then devalued to Afs. 43,000 to the dollar. Abdul Rashid Dostum, who militarily controlled Jowzjan Province and nearby Uzbek villages, also printed his own money for a short time. During late 2001 and early 2002, the currency became highly destabilized. The afghani traded at Afs. 73,000 per US$1 in September 2001, steeply soaring to Afs. 23,000 after the Taliban was replaced by a new government under Hamid Karzai in December 2001, before plunging again to Afs. 36,000 in January 2002. Around seven different versions of the currency were in circulation by that time. A former governor said at the time that maybe \"trillions\" of banknotes are in circulation as a result. Second Afghani (2002–present). In 2002, the afghani was redenominated, and it received a new ISO 4217 code AFN. No subdivisions were issued.", "It replaced the previous afghani at two distinct rates: issues of the government of former President Rabbani (\"de jure\" 1992–2001) were replaced at a rate of 1,000 to the new afghani, while the issues of Dostum (1992–1997 in northern Afghanistan) were replaced at a rate of 2,000 to the new afghani. It was created in an effort to stabilize the economy and stop the rapid inflation. The notes were printed in Germany. The new currency was announced by President Karzai on 4 September 2002, and was introduced to the market on October 8, 2002. This monetary reform was well received by the public as it was a sign of security and stability, especially the country's rebuilding effort. People also no longer had to carry many bags of money for ordinary things. It was the first time in many years that a sole currency was under the control of the central bank instead of warlords. Most old banknotes were destroyed by the end of 2002. Da Afghanistan Bank has adopted a floating exchange rate regime and has let the exchange rate be determined freely by market forces. The new afghani was valued at Afs. 43 to one US dollar. After depreciating during the last quarter of 2003/04, the afghani appreciated steadily, gaining 8 per cent against the US dollar between March 2004 and July 2004. This appreciation, at a time of increasing inflation, appears to reflect a greater willingness by the population to use the afghani as a medium of exchange and as a store of value.", "This trend appears to be attributable to the relative stability of the exchange rate since the introduction of the new currency, administrative measures aimed at promoting its use, such as the requirement that shopkeepers must price goods in afghani. Donors are increasingly making payments in afghanis instead of US dollars and this appears to be widely accepted. By 2009, the afghani was valued at Afs. 45 per one US dollar. In 2019, the afghani reached Afs. 75 to the US dollar. After the 2021 re-establishment of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, the nation's foreign assets were frozen. IMF blocked the release of $450 million in August. Subsequently, the value of the afghani fell. The Islamic Emirate has banned all foreign currencies to encourage use of the afghani as national tender. In the third quarter of 2023, the Afghani rose to be the best performing currency in the world, climbing over 9% against the US dollar. Coinage. In 1952, aluminium 25 pul and nickel-clad steel 50 pul were introduced, followed by aluminium Afs. 2 and Afs. 5 in 1958. In 1961 nickel-clad steel Af. 1, Afs. 2 and Afs. 5 were minted; the Af. 1 and Afs. 2 coins show years of SH 1340 and the Afs. 5 coin shows the year AH 1381. On 11 April 2005, coins were introduced in denominations of Af. 1, Afs. 2 and Afs. 5. Banknotes. Between 1925 and 1928, Treasury notes were introduced in denominations of Afs." ], "support": [ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ] }	{ "mapped_id": "4b5cd469-ce39-4ef4-ac9b-c7b2a0776cb2", "doc_name": "Afghan afghani", "doc_chunk": "Currency of Afghanistan\nThe afghani (sign: or Af (plural: Afs) code: AFN; ; ) is the official currency of Afghanistan since the 1920s. It is nominally subdivided into 100 \"puls\" (پول), although there are no pul coins in circulation these days. Printed in Poland, the afghani currency is managed solely by the nation's central bank, Da Afghanistan Bank (DAB). The afghani was introduced in 1923 but is still informally referred to as a \"rupee\" by some in conversation and transactions, a legacy of its predecessing Afghan rupee currency. Its exchange rate is around 70 afghanis for 1 United States dollar (as of November 2023). History. First Afghani (1923–2002). The original afghani (ISO 4217 code: AFA) was introduced in 1923 during the era of King Amanullah Khan, replacing the Afghan rupee that was used since 1891. In addition to being subdivided into 100 puls, 20 afghanis were equal to one \"amani\". The rate of conversion from the rupee is sometimes quoted as 1 afghani = 1 rupee 6 paisas, based on the silver contents of the last rupee coins and the first afghani coins. The afghani initially contained 9 grams of silver. Alongside the new currency, the various units of weight used in Afghanistan were replaced by a single metric system. Except during World War I, Afghanistan's foreign exchange rate has been freely determined by market forces.", "support": 1 }
naturalqa	4c371d64-def0-4cf3-b08e-3fbf3b823aea	who sings zoom zoom zoom and a boom boom	Rump Shaker (song)	[ "Teddy Riley" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16924222	1	{ "mapped_id": [ "4c371d64-def0-4cf3-b08e-3fbf3b823aea", "4c371d64-def0-4cf3-b08e-3fbf3b823aea", "4c371d64-def0-4cf3-b08e-3fbf3b823aea", "4c371d64-def0-4cf3-b08e-3fbf3b823aea", "4c371d64-def0-4cf3-b08e-3fbf3b823aea" ], "doc_name": [ "Rump Shaker (song)", "Rump Shaker (song)", "Rump Shaker (song)", "Rump Shaker", "Rump Shaker (album)" ], "doc_chunk": [ "\"Rump Shaker\" is a song by American hip-hop group Wreckx-N-Effect. It was released in August 1992 by MCA Records as the lead single from their second album, \"Hard or Smooth\" (1992). It features production and guest vocals from Teddy Riley, brother of former Wreckx member Markell Riley. Due to the massive success of Whitney Houston's version of \"I Will Always Love You,\" the song did not advance further than No. 2 on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles & Tracks charts. Nevertheless, it peaked at No. 1 on the Hot Rap Singles, and No. 9 on the Hot Dance Music/Club Play charts. The chorus of the 2008 single, \"Paper Planes\" by British musician M.I.A. was widely speculated to be based on the chorus, although the song's writers are not credited. Composition. \"Rump Shaker\" is built on a saxophone sample from the 1972 song \"Darkest Light\" by Lafayette Afro Rock Band and a drum sample from \"Midnight Theme\" by Manzel. Other samples include \"Scratchin'\" by the Magic Disco Machine and \"Blues and Pants\" by James Brown (the vocal \"come on!\"). Riley's \"Rump Shaker (Teddy 2)\" remix adds a bass and piano sample from \"Blind Alley\" by The Emotions as well as a vocal sample from \"Stop, Look, Listen\" by MC Lyte.", "Additionally, Teddy Riley's verse includes an allusion to the 1982 song \"I Like It\" by DeBarge, with the lines, \"I like the way you comb your hair, I like the stylish clothes you wear, it's just the little things you do...\". The song opens with Teddy Riley chanting the chorus \"All I wanna do is zooma-zoom-zoom-zoom and a boom-boom.\" Subsequent verses are rapped by Aqil Davidson, Teddy Riley, and Markell Riley. Teddy Riley's verse is notable for being written by his young protégé Pharrell Williams, later to achieve fame as a member of The Neptunes and a solo artist. It was rumored that Pharrell, along with fellow future-Neptune Chad Hugo, contributed additional production work, but producer Ty Fyffe stated in a 2011 interview that he and Teddy Riley alone produced the song and that Pharrell's only contribution was lyrical. Critical reception. Iestyn George from \"NME\" wrote, \"Would have been a definite Single of the Week contender if it weren't for the crass lyric. 'Rump Shaker' is a magnificently sleazy hip-hop groove co-written by Teddy Riley, the man to blame for inventing swingbeat. One for low-slung groovers \"everywhere\".\" Music video. The accompanying music video for \"Rump Shaker\", depicting Wreckx-N-Effect and Riley hosting a party at Virginia Beach, received criticism for its alleged exploitation of women in bikinis.", "The video was banned from MTV. Charts. <templatestyles src=\"Col-begin/styles.css\"/>\nReferences. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "Rump Shaker may refer to the following:\nTopics referred to by the same term\n<templatestyles src=\"Dmbox/styles.css\" />\n This page lists associated with the title .", "Rump Shaker, the Thug shaker is the gemmy second album of the third-wave ska band Suburban Legends. It was released June 28, 2003, in Los Angeles, California by Lobster Girl Records. The album initially sold 15,000 copies and was subsequently released on Brand New Hero Records in the UK. It was produced by John Avila, former bassist of Oingo Boingo, one of the band's major influences. In 2005, when the band was featured as ManiaTV! 's Artist of the Day, Tim Maurer jokes of the experience, \"We went to [Avila's] house. We strapped him down to a bed. We played our music in the CD player 20,000 times. We fed him only a diet of oatmeal and gruel. He agreed then to produce our album. And we paid him and we thanked him and it was fun. And it was good. And it was fun.\" On January 1, 2011, the Western Carolina University Pride of the Mountains Marching Band performed the song \"You\" live on national television in the 2011 Tournament of Roses Parade. Asbestos Records and Underground Communiqué Records set up and successfully crowdfunded a Kickstarter project in 2011, which allowed a re-release of \"Rump Shaker\" on vinyl in 2012 alongside The Pietasters' \"Oolooloo\", Edna's Goldfish's \"Before You Knew Better\", and Pilfers' self-titled album. Music videos. Promotional music videos were released for \"High Fives\" and \"Up All Night\"." ], "support": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ] }	{ "mapped_id": "4c371d64-def0-4cf3-b08e-3fbf3b823aea", "doc_name": "Rump Shaker (song)", "doc_chunk": "Additionally, Teddy Riley's verse includes an allusion to the 1982 song \"I Like It\" by DeBarge, with the lines, \"I like the way you comb your hair, I like the stylish clothes you wear, it's just the little things you do...\". The song opens with Teddy Riley chanting the chorus \"All I wanna do is zooma-zoom-zoom-zoom and a boom-boom.\" Subsequent verses are rapped by Aqil Davidson, Teddy Riley, and Markell Riley. Teddy Riley's verse is notable for being written by his young protégé Pharrell Williams, later to achieve fame as a member of The Neptunes and a solo artist. It was rumored that Pharrell, along with fellow future-Neptune Chad Hugo, contributed additional production work, but producer Ty Fyffe stated in a 2011 interview that he and Teddy Riley alone produced the song and that Pharrell's only contribution was lyrical. Critical reception. Iestyn George from \"NME\" wrote, \"Would have been a definite Single of the Week contender if it weren't for the crass lyric. 'Rump Shaker' is a magnificently sleazy hip-hop groove co-written by Teddy Riley, the man to blame for inventing swingbeat. One for low-slung groovers \"everywhere\".\" Music video. The accompanying music video for \"Rump Shaker\", depicting Wreckx-N-Effect and Riley hosting a party at Virginia Beach, received criticism for its alleged exploitation of women in bikinis.", "support": 1 }
naturalqa	4af0944d-c3ec-4a31-b9f0-2bc7dda1f463	who owns the old course hotel st andrews	Old Course Hotel	[ "Kohler Company" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=53928662	1	{ "mapped_id": [ "4af0944d-c3ec-4a31-b9f0-2bc7dda1f463", "4af0944d-c3ec-4a31-b9f0-2bc7dda1f463", "4af0944d-c3ec-4a31-b9f0-2bc7dda1f463", "4af0944d-c3ec-4a31-b9f0-2bc7dda1f463", "4af0944d-c3ec-4a31-b9f0-2bc7dda1f463" ], "doc_name": [ "Old Course Hotel", "Old Hotel", "Vilamoura Old Course", "Vilamoura Old Course", "Vilamoura Old Course" ], "doc_chunk": [ "The Old Course Hotel, or its full name, the Old Course Hotel, Golf Resort & Spa, is a five-star hotel in St Andrews, Fife, Scotland. The hotel borders the Road Hole of the Old Course, and has 175 rooms, including 35 suites. It was built in 1968, on the site of the old railway station, by British Transport Hotels Ltd (which was a subsidiary of British Railways). In 2004, Herb Kohler bought the hotel and now it is operated by Destination Kohler, a subsidiary of the American Kohler Company. The former stationmaster's house still stands and is called the Jigger Inn, which forms part of the hotel complex. In 2020, the hotel completed an expansion, which included 31 additional rooms and the Swilcan Loft restaurant. References. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "Old Hotel may refer to:\nTopics referred to by the same term\n<templatestyles src=\"Dmbox/styles.css\" />\n This page lists associated with the title .", "Vilamoura Old Course is a golf course in Vilamoura, on the Algarve in Southern Portugal. Sometimes referred to as the \"Grande Dame\" of the Algarve, it is owned and operated by Dom Pedro Hotels & Golf Collection, who purchased the course, along with four others in Vilamoura, in 2016. The five courses had previously been owned by the Oceanico Group since 2007. Designed by Frank Pennink, the Old Course opened in 1969, and hosted the Portuguese Open in 1976. Following remodelling by Martin Hawtree, the course reopened in 1997. Scorecard. !", "style=\"text-align:left;\" \|Tee\n!\|Rating/Slope\n!style=\"width:32px;\"\| 1\n!style=\"width:32px;\"\| 2\n!style=\"width:32px;\"\| 3\n!style=\"width:32px;\"\| 4\n!style=\"width:32px;\"\| 5\n!style=\"width:32px;\"\| 6\n!style=\"width:32px;\"\| 7\n!style=\"width:32px;\"\| 8\n!style=\"width:32px;\"\| 9\n!style=\"width:48px;\"\| Out\n!style=\"width:32px;\"\| 10\n!style=\"width:32px;\"\| 11\n!style=\"width:32px;\"\| 12\n!style=\"width:32px;\"\| 13\n!style=\"width:32px;\"\| 14\n!style=\"width:32px;\"\| 15\n!style=\"width:32px;\"\| 16\n!style=\"width:32px;\"\| 17\n!style=\"width:32px;\"\| 18\n!style=\"width:48px;\"\| In\n!style=\"width:48px;\"\| Total\n! style=\"text-align:left;\" \|White\n!\|73.1 / 136\n! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!265!", "!3006\n!153!!390!!487!!348!!440!!150!!514!!353!!413!!3248! !6254\n! style=\"text-align:left;\" \|Yellow\n! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!260! !2817\n!148!!371!!482!!342!!426!!145!!494!!348!!340!!3096! !5913\n! style=\"text-align:left;\" \|Blue\n! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!250! !2727\n!138!!357!!472!!332!!405!!135!!484!!338!!330!!2991! !5718\n! style=\"text-align:left;\" \|Red\n! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!245! !2497\n!114!!329!!359!!296!!342!!106!!428!!312!!303!!2589! !5086\n! style=\"text-align:left;\" \|Par\n! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !36\n!3!!4!!5!!4!!5!!3!!5!!4!!4!!37! !73\n!" ], "support": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ] }	{ "mapped_id": "4af0944d-c3ec-4a31-b9f0-2bc7dda1f463", "doc_name": "Old Course Hotel", "doc_chunk": "The Old Course Hotel, or its full name, the Old Course Hotel, Golf Resort & Spa, is a five-star hotel in St Andrews, Fife, Scotland. The hotel borders the Road Hole of the Old Course, and has 175 rooms, including 35 suites. It was built in 1968, on the site of the old railway station, by British Transport Hotels Ltd (which was a subsidiary of British Railways). In 2004, Herb Kohler bought the hotel and now it is operated by Destination Kohler, a subsidiary of the American Kohler Company. The former stationmaster's house still stands and is called the Jigger Inn, which forms part of the hotel complex. In 2020, the hotel completed an expansion, which included 31 additional rooms and the Swilcan Loft restaurant. References. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "support": 1 }
naturalqa	5e819854-8c5e-4dd1-b07f-27b8c227547e	who is talking at the beginning of wale matrimony	The Matrimony (song)	[ "Jerry Seinfeld" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=45688775	1	{ "mapped_id": [ "5e819854-8c5e-4dd1-b07f-27b8c227547e", "5e819854-8c5e-4dd1-b07f-27b8c227547e", "5e819854-8c5e-4dd1-b07f-27b8c227547e", "5e819854-8c5e-4dd1-b07f-27b8c227547e", "5e819854-8c5e-4dd1-b07f-27b8c227547e" ], "doc_name": [ "The Matrimony (song)", "The Matrimony", "The Matrimony", "The Perfect Matrimony", "The Perfect Matrimony" ], "doc_chunk": [ "\"The Matrimony\" is a song by American hip hop recording artist Wale. It was released on March 2, 2015, as the second single from his fourth studio album \"The Album About Nothing\" (2015). The song, produced by Jake One, features a guest appearance from Usher. The song begins with a monologue from Jerry Seinfeld. The song samples artist Daniel \"Danny Keyz\" Tannenbaum. The song has peaked at number 70 on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart. Music video. A music video for \"The Matrimony\" was released on June 8, 2015. It was directed by Sarah McColgan. Chart performance. \"The Matrimony\" peaked at number 70 on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart. On July 10, 2018, the song was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) for sales of over a million digital copies in the United States. References. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "The Matrimony () is a 2007 Chinese horror film directed by Teng Huatao and starring Leon Lai, Fan Bingbing, and Rene Liu. The movie was released on February 28, 2007. Plot. Set during the 1930s, \"The Matrimony\" follows Shen Junchu (Leon Lai), a cinematographer that's deeply in love with his girlfriend Xu Manli (Fan Bingbing). Due to his extremely introverted character, Junchu was unable to confess to her how deeply he cared for her. When Manli dies in a freak car accident on the way to their date, Junchu mourns her deeply. Junchu's mother manages to convince him to marry Sansan (Rene Liu), but he is unwilling to allow her to take Manli's place in his heart. When Sansan discovers a mysterious attic room, she's forbidden to enter by Junchu. She eventually enters the room, only to find the ghost of Manli. Manli offers to help Sansan's unhappy relationship with Junchu, only for the ghost to grow dangerously jealous when Junchu begins to show an attraction for Sansan. Reception. Blogcritics criticized some parts of the film, such as some \"obvious holes\" and plot lulls, but stated that the film was interesting and beautifully shot. \"Variety\" praised the film, noting some similarities between the plot of \"Rebecca\" and \"The Matrimony\".", "Dread Central gave the film three blades, writing that it \"still manages to fall into the same quasi-supernatural trappings in its final act (including the aforementioned frustrating ending), but it sure is a touching date movie if nothing else.\" HorrorNews.net called \"The Matrimony\" \"a fine example of a classic ghost story\". A reviewer for the Tribeca Film Festival praised the film, citing the set designs and special effects as highlights. \"DVD Talk\" wrote that while the film was a \"luxuriant, affective supernatural chiller\", some of the twists in the film made it \"less satisfying as a vision of subtle horror\". References. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "1950 book by Samael Aun Weor\nThe Perfect Matrimony or The Door to Enter Into Initiation is the first of approximately seventy books written by Samael Aun Weor. It was first published in 1950 then revised and expanded in 1961. It describes the esoteric teachings of alchemy, tantra, kabbalah, the mysteries of the Maya, Aztecs, ancient Egyptians, Tibetans, and Essenes, among others. The sexual aspect of religion is stressed in every religion it covers, stating bluntly that \"the topic of this book is exclusively Sexual Magic.\" Sexual magic is explained as the synthesis of all religion. From the introduction of the 1960 edition:\n<templatestyles src=\"Template:Blockquote/styles.css\" />\nThe author presents a wide selection of religion and mystery schools from esoteric viewpoints, highlighting data traditionally thought to be unimportant, or otherwise understood in an unrelated manner. The primary message is that upright sexuality, exemplified through sexual magic, is the cornerstone upon which all authentic religion, yoga and occultism is based. \"The Perfect Matrimony\" is a discourse on how to transform the sexual energy into its superior aspects via sexual transmutation. It states that there are three types of Sexual Magic, or Tantra: Black, Grey, and White. Black Tantra involves the ejaculation of semen, and Grey Tantra sometimes concludes with orgasm or ejaculation, while White Tantra always opposes any loss of sexual energy whatsoever, in other words, without orgasm or ejaculation.", "It exclusively advocates White Tantra as the path to achieve \"self-realization\" and to \"achieve cosmic consciousness.\" This system of classification is not found in any of the traditional Tantric texts; however, it is also true that tantra yoga has been historically \"gupta vidya\", or esoteric knowledge not contained in books. Sexual magic is explained to be the same as maithuna, sexual yoga, urdhvareta yoga. \"The Perfect Matrimony\" also states that Jesus was married and practiced sexual yoga with his wife. References. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />" ], "support": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ] }	{ "mapped_id": "5e819854-8c5e-4dd1-b07f-27b8c227547e", "doc_name": "The Matrimony (song)", "doc_chunk": "\"The Matrimony\" is a song by American hip hop recording artist Wale. It was released on March 2, 2015, as the second single from his fourth studio album \"The Album About Nothing\" (2015). The song, produced by Jake One, features a guest appearance from Usher. The song begins with a monologue from Jerry Seinfeld. The song samples artist Daniel \"Danny Keyz\" Tannenbaum. The song has peaked at number 70 on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart. Music video. A music video for \"The Matrimony\" was released on June 8, 2015. It was directed by Sarah McColgan. Chart performance. \"The Matrimony\" peaked at number 70 on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart. On July 10, 2018, the song was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) for sales of over a million digital copies in the United States. References. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "support": 1 }
naturalqa	d1549e91-ca63-4e8e-bd84-11333c219f73	super glue was discovered by accident during development research on what	Harry Coover	[ "heat-resistant polymers for jet canopies" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3359668	1	{ "mapped_id": [ "d1549e91-ca63-4e8e-bd84-11333c219f73", "d1549e91-ca63-4e8e-bd84-11333c219f73", "d1549e91-ca63-4e8e-bd84-11333c219f73", "d1549e91-ca63-4e8e-bd84-11333c219f73", "d1549e91-ca63-4e8e-bd84-11333c219f73" ], "doc_name": [ "Harry Coover", "Harry Coover", "Harry Coover", "Harry Coover", "Coover" ], "doc_chunk": [ "American inventor of Super Glue\nHarry Wesley Coover Jr. (March 6, 1917 – March 26, 2011) was the inventor of Eastman 910, commonly known as Super Glue. Life and career. Coover was born in Newark, Delaware. He lived in Delaware until his teen years. During this time he was hit by a train while driving which resulted in him being in a coma for about six weeks. After he recovered, Coover moved to Weedsport, New York to finish high school. He stayed in New York and received his Bachelor of Science from Hobart College in chemistry before earning his Master of Science and Ph. D. in organic chemistry from Cornell University. His dissertation was on commercial synthesis of vitamin B6. He intended to work with vitamin B6 until WWII hit and the process he developed was taken by the military for their use. Coover worked as a chemist for Eastman Kodak from 1944–1973 and as the Vice President of research and development for the company from 1973-1984. In 1951, Coover had moved to Eastman Kodak's chemical plant in Kingsport Tennessee. Coover was married to Muriel Zumbach Coover for over 60 years until her death in 2005. He is survived by his sons Harry Wesley Coover III, Dr. Stephen Rohm Coover, daughter Dr. Melinda Rohm Coover Paul, four grandchildren Brett Evan Coover, Dana Noelle Coover, Vincent Adam Paul, and Kirsten Rohm Paul Gilliam and 4 great grandchildren. Coover died of natural causes at his home in Kingsport, Tennessee, on March 26, 2011. Super Glue.", "In 1942, while searching for materials to make clear plastic gun sights, cyanoacrylate was discovered. At this time they were deemed too sticky to be of use and were set aside. In 1951 Coover and his team at Eastman Kodak examined cyanoacrylates again. Coover was overseeing Kodak chemists investigating heat-resistant polymers for jet canopies when cyanoacrylates were once again tested and proved too sticky. When a chemist in the group informed Coover that he had permanently damaged an expensive refractometer by gluing it together, Coover recognized that he had discovered a unique adhesive. In 1958, the adhesive, marketed by Kodak as Eastman 910 and then as Super Glue, was introduced for sale. Generally, cyanoacrylate is an acrylic resin which rapidly polymerises in the presence of water (specifically hydroxide ions), forming long, strong chains, joining the bonded surfaces together. Because the presence of moisture causes the glue to set, exposure to moisture in the air can cause a tube or bottle of glue to become unusable over time. To prevent an opened container of glue from setting before use, it must be stored in an airtight jar or bottle with a package of silica gel. Another convenient way is attaching a hypodermic needle on the opening of glue. After applying, residual glue soon clogs the needle, keeping moisture out. The clog is removed by heating the needle (e.g. by a lighter) before use.", "Cyanoacrylate is used as a forensic tool to capture latent fingerprints on non-porous surfaces like glass, plastic, etc. Cyanoacrylate is warmed to produce fumes which react with the invisible fingerprint residues and atmospheric moisture to form a white polymer (polycyanoacrylate) on the fingerprint ridges. The ridges can then be recorded. The developed fingerprints are, on most surfaces (except on white plastic or similar), visible to the naked eye. Invisible or poorly visible prints can be further enhanced by applying a luminescent or non-luminescent stain. While much attention was given to the glue's capacity to bond solid materials, Coover was also the first to recognize and patent cyanoacrylates as a tissue adhesive after his eldest son cut open his finger while making a model and glued the cut closed with the glue he had samples of from the lab, an early formulation of super glue. Super glue was first used in the Vietnam War in a spray form as a hemostatic agent to temporarily patch the internal organs of injured soldiers until conventional surgery could be performed. Tissue adhesives are now used worldwide for a variety of sutureless surgical applications in humans and animals. Coover said many times that he was most proud of the medical applications of cyanoacrylates, that they had saved many lives and would continue to do so. Other inventions. Coover held 460 patents and Super Glue was just one of his many discoveries. He viewed \"programmed innovation,\" a management methodology emphasizing research and development, among his most important work.", "Implemented at Kodak, programmed innovation resulted in the introduction of 320 new products and sales growth from $1.8 billion to $2.5 billion. Coover later formed an international management consulting practice, advising corporate clients around the world on programmed innovation methodology. Coover received the Southern Chemist Man of the Year Award for his outstanding accomplishments in individual innovation and creativity. He also held the Earle B. Barnes Award for Leadership in Chemical Research Management, the Maurice Holland Award, the IRI Achievement Award, and was a medalist for the Industrial Research Institute. In 1983, Coover was elected to the National Academy of Engineering. In 2004, Coover was inducted into the National Inventor's Hall of Fame. In 2010, Coover received the National Medal of Technology and Innovation. References. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "Coover is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:\n<templatestyles src=\"Dmbox/styles.css\" />\n Surname listThis page lists people with the surname ." ], "support": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ] }	{ "mapped_id": "d1549e91-ca63-4e8e-bd84-11333c219f73", "doc_name": "Harry Coover", "doc_chunk": "In 1942, while searching for materials to make clear plastic gun sights, cyanoacrylate was discovered. At this time they were deemed too sticky to be of use and were set aside. In 1951 Coover and his team at Eastman Kodak examined cyanoacrylates again. Coover was overseeing Kodak chemists investigating heat-resistant polymers for jet canopies when cyanoacrylates were once again tested and proved too sticky. When a chemist in the group informed Coover that he had permanently damaged an expensive refractometer by gluing it together, Coover recognized that he had discovered a unique adhesive. In 1958, the adhesive, marketed by Kodak as Eastman 910 and then as Super Glue, was introduced for sale. Generally, cyanoacrylate is an acrylic resin which rapidly polymerises in the presence of water (specifically hydroxide ions), forming long, strong chains, joining the bonded surfaces together. Because the presence of moisture causes the glue to set, exposure to moisture in the air can cause a tube or bottle of glue to become unusable over time. To prevent an opened container of glue from setting before use, it must be stored in an airtight jar or bottle with a package of silica gel. Another convenient way is attaching a hypodermic needle on the opening of glue. After applying, residual glue soon clogs the needle, keeping moisture out. The clog is removed by heating the needle (e.g. by a lighter) before use.", "support": 1 }
naturalqa	d4cd764f-d408-48e1-93e8-ce9efb4de994	where is the nehru boat race held in india	Nehru Trophy Boat Race	[ "in the Punnamada Lake near Alappuzha, Kerala, India" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2122585	1	{ "mapped_id": [ "d4cd764f-d408-48e1-93e8-ce9efb4de994", "d4cd764f-d408-48e1-93e8-ce9efb4de994", "d4cd764f-d408-48e1-93e8-ce9efb4de994", "d4cd764f-d408-48e1-93e8-ce9efb4de994", "d4cd764f-d408-48e1-93e8-ce9efb4de994" ], "doc_name": [ "Nehru Trophy Boat Race", "Nehru Trophy Boat Race", "President's Trophy Boat Race", "President's Trophy Boat Race", "Cobe Trophy Race" ], "doc_chunk": [ "Annual boat race in Kerala\nThe Nehru Trophy Boat Race is an annual \"vallam kali\" held in the Punnamada Lake near Alappuzha, Kerala, India. \"Vallam Kali\" or \"Vallamkali\"y literally means boat play/game, but can be translated to boat race in English. The most popular event of the race is the competition of \"Chundan Vallams\" (snake boats). Hence the race is also known as Snake Boat Race in English. Other categories of boats which participate in various events of the race are \"Churulan Vallam\", \"Iruttukuthy Vallam\", \"Odi Vallam\", \"Veppu Vallam (Vaipu Vallam)\", \"Vadakkanody Vallam\" and \"Kochu Vallam\". History. This Boat race has its origin in the Kerala district Alappuzha and was inaugurated in 1952 by Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru. The winner was awarded a trophy in the name of Jawaharlal Nehru. In 2019, Nehru Trophy Boat Race was also made a part of the newly constituted CBL - Champions Boat League and Star Sports Network become its television broadcasting partner. The 2020 and 2021 seasons of the league were dropped due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Winners. As a Club United Boat club Kainakary(UBC Kainakary) won the most number of trophies in Nehru Trophy boat Race With 2 hattrick. Karichal chundan has the most number of Nehru trophies, a total of 15.", "The current hat-trick title for continuously winning three times in a row is held by Pallathuruthy boat club . References. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "Boat race in Kerala, India\nThe President's Trophy Boat Race () is a popular boat race held on the Ashtamudi lake in Kollam city on 1 November every year. The day marks the birth of the Indian state of Kerala, known as Kerala Piravi. This is the most popular of the races to be held during the season of the harvest festival, Onam, in Autumn on Ashtamudi Lake in Kollam. There would be races in five categories, namely \"Chundan Vallam\" (snake-boats), two grades of \"Veppu Vallam\", and two grades of \"Iruttukuthi Vallam\". Sixteen snake-boats would compete in four heats. The trophy had been instituted in the name of the President of India. President of India will be present to witness the race and would also give away the trophy and cash prize to the winning team. The race will become a part of Kerala's IPL-model boat race league from 2019 onward. The Government of Kerala is planning to make President's Trophy Boat Race as the finishing event of Champions’ Boat League. About the event. Kollam is a miniature of Kerala in all its pomp and pride in tourism map. The Ashtamudi Lake – beautiful calm water spread with enchanting greenery on the blanks. It is also gifted with unique representative features - sea, lakes plains, monuments, rivers, streams, backwaters, forest, and vast green fields. The venue is at Gateway of Ashtamudi.", "The race will start from the water column near Thevally Palace and finishing point will be front of the house boat terminal. The water body having 1250 m long in between these two points is scheduled as the Track for the race. As the oarsmen throw their oars in unison to the fast paced rhythm of the vanchipattu (Song of the Boatmen), the huge black crafts slice through pristine race course of Ashtamudi Lake to a spectacular finish. Hundreds of spectators, including tourists from abroad, thronging the lake front, erupts out of joy. Boat race is telecasted live in DD National and DD Malayalam. Champions - first edition. Winners of the first edition of President's Trophy Boat Race - Sree Ganeshan Chundan(St. Francis Boat Club, Kollam). Runner up - Devas Chundan (Jesus Boat Club, Kollam). Her Excellency the Honorable President of India, Smt.Pratibha Devisingh Patil inaugurated first edition of President's Trophy boat race. Trophies and prize money. The gold-plated trophy and rupees 10 lakhs cash award. References. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "American automobile race\nThe Cobe Trophy Race was an automobile race held in Indiana, in 1909 and 1910. The trophy was named for, and donated by, Ira M. Cobe, president of the Chicago Automobile Club. As one of the first long-distance races in the area, it was billed as the \"Vanderbilt of the west,\" a reference to the Vanderbilt Cup Race, which had been held in Long Island, New York since 1904. The first running took place at the Crown Point Road Race Circuit, in northwestern Indiana. For the second year, proposals were submitted by the Indianapolis Motor Speedway and by the Elgin Road Race Course, just west of Chicago. Ultimately, the Board of Managers of the Chicago Automobile Club decided to make the 1910 race a speedway event, rather than a road course contest, and hence the second race was run at Indianapolis. At the time of this decision, the Club also announced the intent to bring the race to the Chicago area in 1911. As it turns out, though, there was no Cobe Trophy race in 1911 or in later years. Only two drivers competed in both Cobe races, 1909 winner Louis Chevrolet and his teammate, Bob Burman." ], "support": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ] }	{ "mapped_id": "d4cd764f-d408-48e1-93e8-ce9efb4de994", "doc_name": "Nehru Trophy Boat Race", "doc_chunk": "Annual boat race in Kerala\nThe Nehru Trophy Boat Race is an annual \"vallam kali\" held in the Punnamada Lake near Alappuzha, Kerala, India. \"Vallam Kali\" or \"Vallamkali\"y literally means boat play/game, but can be translated to boat race in English. The most popular event of the race is the competition of \"Chundan Vallams\" (snake boats). Hence the race is also known as Snake Boat Race in English. Other categories of boats which participate in various events of the race are \"Churulan Vallam\", \"Iruttukuthy Vallam\", \"Odi Vallam\", \"Veppu Vallam (Vaipu Vallam)\", \"Vadakkanody Vallam\" and \"Kochu Vallam\". History. This Boat race has its origin in the Kerala district Alappuzha and was inaugurated in 1952 by Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru. The winner was awarded a trophy in the name of Jawaharlal Nehru. In 2019, Nehru Trophy Boat Race was also made a part of the newly constituted CBL - Champions Boat League and Star Sports Network become its television broadcasting partner. The 2020 and 2021 seasons of the league were dropped due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Winners. As a Club United Boat club Kainakary(UBC Kainakary) won the most number of trophies in Nehru Trophy boat Race With 2 hattrick. Karichal chundan has the most number of Nehru trophies, a total of 15.", "support": 1 }
naturalqa	f23a3530-493f-4cbb-9a05-7a4c779c2e5c	what is the system of government in indonesia	Politics of Indonesia	[ "presidential representative democratic republic" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14646	1	{ "mapped_id": [ "f23a3530-493f-4cbb-9a05-7a4c779c2e5c", "f23a3530-493f-4cbb-9a05-7a4c779c2e5c", "f23a3530-493f-4cbb-9a05-7a4c779c2e5c", "f23a3530-493f-4cbb-9a05-7a4c779c2e5c", "f23a3530-493f-4cbb-9a05-7a4c779c2e5c" ], "doc_name": [ "Politics of Indonesia", "Politics of Indonesia", "Politics of Indonesia", "Politics of Indonesia", "Politics of Indonesia" ], "doc_chunk": [ " \nThe politics of Indonesia take place in the framework of a presidential representative democratic republic whereby the President of Indonesia is both head of state and head of government and of a multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the bicameral People's Consultative Assembly. The judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature. The 1945 constitution provided for a limited separation of executive, legislative and judicial power. The governmental system has been described as \"presidential with parliamentary characteristics\". Following the Indonesian riots of May 1998 and the resignation of President Suharto, Indonesia's long-standing dictator, several political reforms were implemented via amendments to the Constitution of Indonesia, which resulted in changes to all branches of government and restored democracy in Indonesia. The Economist Intelligence Unit rated Indonesia a \"flawed democracy\" in . According to the V-Dem Democracy indices Indonesia was 2023 the 11th most electoral democratic country in Asia. Indonesia's political parties have been characterized as cartel parties with extensive power-sharing among parties and limited accountability to voters. According to the American think tank Freedom House, Indonesia fails to meet many of the civil requirements for a consolidated, or maximalist, democracy. Individuals in Indonesia are generally not free to practice and express their religious faith. Atheists and those who practice one of the unofficial religions in Indonesia can face discrimination. The court system often has many instances of corruption, and there is no due process in civil and criminal matters. History. Old Order: Liberal Democracy and Guided Democracy.", "The \"Old Order\" (1950-1965) in Indonesia has long been understood to be a period of turmoil and crisis, characterized by rebellions and political unrest. The weakness of Indonesia's democracy and its gradual transition to authoritarianism during the Old Order can be attributed to conventional modernization theory, which suggests that without strong socioeconomic structures, successful transitions to democracy are unlikely. Indeed, it was not until the late 1960s when urbanization took place that the Indonesian government began to build a stronger democracy. During the \"Liberal Democracy\" period (1950-1957), Indonesia aspired to renew its global status and achieve modernity as a newly-independent country. In line with this vision, it sought to establish a democratic parliamentary system, bringing forth a \"multi-party system, cabinet government under a prime minister, and a ceremonial president\". However, the economic instability inherited from colonial rule significantly hindered their democratic nation-building vision: the Indonesian economy struggled to recover from the hardships of colonial occupation, with economic growth being stagnant and inflation reaching over 600% between the 1950s-1960s. Indonesia's economy heavily relied on the agricultural sector, but without diversification and industrialization, the government became vulnerable to polarization and instability. Moreover, Indonesia's abundance of natural resources, such as coffee, rubber, and cocoa, made it susceptible to the political resource curse: Indonesia's resource wealth led to corruption, inequality, and political instability, hindering economic and social progress; the concentration of wealth and power in the hands of a few elites with a monopoly over these resources worsened the country's economic and political problems.", "This ultimately led to rising political tensions and the government's loss of control. \"Guided Democracy\", which was in place from 1957 to 1966, aimed to bring about political stability, modernization, and development under the leadership of President Sukarno. Initially, Sukarno sought to build political institutions to bolster representation and resolve conflicts of regionalism, social class, and religion that plagued the Parliament during the Liberal Democracy era. However, power became increasingly centralized to the executive branch in the latter half of Guided Democracy, with Sukarno assuming a dictator-like role in the government. Indonesia's gradual transition to authoritarianism during the Guided Democracy period exemplifies the failure of the democratic project in the country due to weak socio-economic structures and the political resource curse that undermined its democratic development. Transition to the New Order. The transition to the \"New Order\" in the mid-1960s, ousted Sukarno after 22 years in the position. One of the most tumultuous periods in the country's modern history, it was the commencement of Suharto's three-decade presidency. Described as the great \"dhalang\" (\"puppet master\"), Sukarno drew power from balancing the opposing and increasingly antagonistic forces of the army and the Communist Party of Indonesia (PKI). By 1965, the PKI extensively penetrated all levels of government and gained influence at the expense of the army.", "On 30 September 1965, six of the military's most senior officers were killed in an action (generally labelled an \"attempted coup\") by the so-called 30 September Movement, a group from within the armed forces. Within a few hours, Major General Suharto mobilised forces under his command and took control of Jakarta. Anti-communists, initially following the army's lead, went on a violent purge of communists throughout the country, killing an estimated half million people and destroying the PKI, which was officially blamed for the crisis. The politically weakened Sukarno was forced to transfer key political and military powers to General Suharto, who had become head of the armed forces. In March 1967, the Provisional People's Consultative Assembly (MPRS) named General Suharto acting president. He was formally appointed president one year later. Sukarno lived under virtual house arrest until his death in 1970. In contrast to the stormy nationalism, revolutionary rhetoric, and economic failure that characterised the early 1960s under the left-leaning Sukarno, Suharto's pro-Western \"New Order\" stabilised the economy but continued the official state philosophy of \"Pancasila\". New Order. Sukarno-Indonesia's first national figure and president-dissolved the elected assembly, introduced a concept known as Guided Democracy, and reinstated the 1945 constitution in 1959.", "The period of Guided Democracy was marked by the creation of a plethora of ministries, by the rise of the Indonesia Communist Party (Partai Komunis Indonesia; PKI) to a position of political dominance, and by the emergence of the army as a major anticommunist political force. The structure collapsed with an attempted coup d'etat in 1965, which led to the downfall of Sukarno. Under Suharto, Sukarno's successor, Indonesia entered a new political era, officially called the New Order\nThe New Order () is the term coined by President Suharto to characterise his regime as he came to power in 1966. He used this term to contrast his rule with that of his predecessor, Sukarno (dubbed the \"Old Order,\" or \"Orde Lama\"). The term \"New Order\" in more recent times has become synonymous with the Suharto years (1966–1998). Immediately following the attempted coup in 1965, the political situation was uncertain, but the New Order found much popular support from groups wanting a separation from Indonesia's problems since its independence. The 'generation of 66' (\"Angkatan 66\") epitomised talk of a new group of young leaders and new intellectual thought. Following communal and political conflicts, and economic collapse and social breakdown of the late 1950s through to the mid-1960s, the New Order was committed to achieving and maintaining political order, economic development, and the removal of mass participation in the political process." ], "support": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ] }	{ "mapped_id": "f23a3530-493f-4cbb-9a05-7a4c779c2e5c", "doc_name": "Politics of Indonesia", "doc_chunk": " \nThe politics of Indonesia take place in the framework of a presidential representative democratic republic whereby the President of Indonesia is both head of state and head of government and of a multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the bicameral People's Consultative Assembly. The judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature. The 1945 constitution provided for a limited separation of executive, legislative and judicial power. The governmental system has been described as \"presidential with parliamentary characteristics\". Following the Indonesian riots of May 1998 and the resignation of President Suharto, Indonesia's long-standing dictator, several political reforms were implemented via amendments to the Constitution of Indonesia, which resulted in changes to all branches of government and restored democracy in Indonesia. The Economist Intelligence Unit rated Indonesia a \"flawed democracy\" in . According to the V-Dem Democracy indices Indonesia was 2023 the 11th most electoral democratic country in Asia. Indonesia's political parties have been characterized as cartel parties with extensive power-sharing among parties and limited accountability to voters. According to the American think tank Freedom House, Indonesia fails to meet many of the civil requirements for a consolidated, or maximalist, democracy. Individuals in Indonesia are generally not free to practice and express their religious faith. Atheists and those who practice one of the unofficial religions in Indonesia can face discrimination. The court system often has many instances of corruption, and there is no due process in civil and criminal matters. History. Old Order: Liberal Democracy and Guided Democracy.", "support": 1 }
naturalqa	24a54b34-c219-44b6-9c18-320176e6fe71	what does nam mo a di da phat mean	Buddhism in Senegal	[ "Glory to Buddha Amitabha" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12434390	1	{ "mapped_id": [ "24a54b34-c219-44b6-9c18-320176e6fe71", "24a54b34-c219-44b6-9c18-320176e6fe71", "24a54b34-c219-44b6-9c18-320176e6fe71", "24a54b34-c219-44b6-9c18-320176e6fe71", "24a54b34-c219-44b6-9c18-320176e6fe71" ], "doc_name": [ "Buddhism in Senegal", "Senegal", "Senegal", "Senegal", "Senegal" ], "doc_chunk": [ "In Senegal, Mahayana Buddhism is followed by a very tiny portion of the Vietnamese community, but it is informal Buddhism because they only worship their ancestors by burning the incenses on a small altar and in the end of all prayers are: \"Nam mô A Di Đà Phật\" (Mean:\"Glory to Buddha Amitabha\") as traditional of Vietnamese faith that is Bodhisattvas as Địa Tạng Vương Bồ tát and Quan Thế Âm Bồ tát will bless and teach the spirits of dead people how to take a better life in next incarnations or go to Nirvana forever. The Buddhist population in Senegal constitutes approximately 0.01% of the country's total population. Of this small Buddhist community, 99% are of Vietnamese descent. Vietnamese people are maybe the only Southeast Asian community in Senegal. With communities of European and Lebanese made-up about 1% of total population in Senegal. References. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "Country on the coast of West Africa\nSenegal, officially the Republic of Senegal, is the westernmost country in West Africa, situated on the Atlantic Ocean coastline. Senegal is bordered by Mauritania to the north, Mali to the east, Guinea to the southeast and Guinea-Bissau to the southwest. Senegal nearly surrounds The Gambia, a country occupying a narrow sliver of land along the banks of the Gambia River, which separates Senegal's southern region of Casamance from the rest of the country. Senegal also shares a maritime border with Cape Verde. Senegal's economic and political capital is Dakar. Senegal is the westernmost country in the mainland of the Old World, or Afro-Eurasia. It owes its name to the Senegal River, which borders it to the east and north. The climate is typically Sahelian, though there is a rainy season. Senegal covers a land area of almost and has a population of around 18 million. The state is a unitary presidential republic; since the country's foundation in 1960, it has been recognized as one of the most stable countries on the African continent. On the 2023 V-Dem Democracy Indices, Senegal is ranked 52nd in electoral democracy worldwide and 4th in electoral democracy in Africa. The state was formed as part of the independence of French West Africa from French colonial rule. Because of this history, French is the official language, but it is understood by only a minority of the population. Over 30 languages are spoken in Senegal.", "Wolof is the most widely spoken one, with 80% of the population speaking it as a first or second language, acting as Senegal's lingua franca alongside French. Like other African nations, the country includes a wide mix of ethnic and linguistic communities, with the largest being the Wolof, Fula, and Serer people. Senegalese people are predominantly Muslim. Senegal is classified as a heavily indebted poor country, with a relatively low ranking on the Human Development Index (170th out of 191). Most of the population lives on the coast and works in agriculture or other food industries; other major industries include mining, tourism, and services. The country does not have notable natural resources, where almost half the state's budget is spent. Senegal is a member state of the African Union, the United Nations, the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), Organisation internationale de la Francophonie, the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, and the Community of Sahel–Saharan States. In the world of motor sports, Senegal is known for the Paris–Dakar Rally. Etymology. The country of Senegal is named after the Senegal River. The name of the river may derive from a Portuguese transliteration of the name of the Zenaga, also known as the Sanhaja. Alternatively, it could be a combination of the supreme deity in Serer religion (\"Rog Sene\") and \"o gal\" meaning \"body of water\" in the Serer language.", "It is also possible that it derives from the Wolof phrase \"Sunuu Gaal\", which means \"our canoe\". History. Early and pre-colonial eras. Archaeological findings throughout the area indicate that Senegal was inhabited in prehistoric times and has been continuously occupied by various ethnic groups. Some kingdoms were created around the seventh century: Takrur in the sixth century, Namandiru and the Jolof Empire during the 13th and 14th centuries. Eastern Senegal was once part of the Ghana Empire. Islam was introduced through Toucouleur and Soninke contact with the Almoravid dynasty of the Maghreb, who in turn propagated it with the help of the Almoravids and Toucouleur allies. This movement faced resistance from ethnicities of traditional religions, the Serers in particular. In the 13th and 14th centuries, the area came under the influence of the empires to the east; the Jolof Empire of Senegal was also founded during this time. In the Senegambia region, between 1300 and 1900, close to one-third of the population was enslaved, typically as a result of being taken captive in warfare. In the 14th century the Jolof Empire grew more powerful, having united Cayor and the kingdoms of Baol, Siné, Saloum, Waalo, Futa Tooro and Bambouk, or much of present-day West Africa. The empire was a voluntary confederacy of various states rather than being built on military conquest.", "The empire was founded by Ndiadiane Ndiaye, a part Serer and part Toucouleur, who was able to form a coalition with many ethnicities, but collapsed around 1549 with the defeat and killing of Lele Fouli Fak by Amari Ngone Sobel Fall. Colonial era. In the mid-15th century, the Portuguese landed on the Senegal coastline, followed by traders representing other countries, including the French. Various European powers—Portugal, the Netherlands, and Great Britain—competed for trade in the area from the 15th century onward. In 1677, France gained control of what had become a minor departure point in the Atlantic slave trade: the island of Gorée next to modern Dakar, used as a base to purchase slaves from the warring chiefdoms on the mainland. European missionaries introduced Christianity to Senegal and the Casamance in the 19th century. It was only in the 1850s that the French began to expand onto the Senegalese mainland, after they abolished slavery and began promoting an abolitionist doctrine, adding native kingdoms like the Waalo, Cayor, Baol, and Jolof. French colonists under Governor Louis Faidherbe progressively invaded and took over all the kingdoms, except the Serer Kingdoms of Sine and Saloum. Yoro Dyao was in command of the canton of Foss-Galodjina and was set over Wâlo (Ouâlo) by Louis Faidherbe, where he served as a chief from 1861 to 1914." ], "support": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ] }	{ "mapped_id": "24a54b34-c219-44b6-9c18-320176e6fe71", "doc_name": "Buddhism in Senegal", "doc_chunk": "In Senegal, Mahayana Buddhism is followed by a very tiny portion of the Vietnamese community, but it is informal Buddhism because they only worship their ancestors by burning the incenses on a small altar and in the end of all prayers are: \"Nam mô A Di Đà Phật\" (Mean:\"Glory to Buddha Amitabha\") as traditional of Vietnamese faith that is Bodhisattvas as Địa Tạng Vương Bồ tát and Quan Thế Âm Bồ tát will bless and teach the spirits of dead people how to take a better life in next incarnations or go to Nirvana forever. The Buddhist population in Senegal constitutes approximately 0.01% of the country's total population. Of this small Buddhist community, 99% are of Vietnamese descent. Vietnamese people are maybe the only Southeast Asian community in Senegal. With communities of European and Lebanese made-up about 1% of total population in Senegal. References. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "support": 1 }
naturalqa	aca219cd-0304-448e-970a-ae4d935f40d6	what is the population of co op city	Co-op City, Bronx	[ "43,752" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=908265	1	{ "mapped_id": [ "aca219cd-0304-448e-970a-ae4d935f40d6", "aca219cd-0304-448e-970a-ae4d935f40d6", "aca219cd-0304-448e-970a-ae4d935f40d6", "aca219cd-0304-448e-970a-ae4d935f40d6", "aca219cd-0304-448e-970a-ae4d935f40d6" ], "doc_name": [ "Co-op City, Bronx", "Co-op City, Bronx", "Co-op City, Bronx", "Co-op City, Bronx", "Co-op City, Bronx" ], "doc_chunk": [ "Co-op City (short for Cooperative City) is a cooperative housing development located in the northeast section of the borough of the Bronx in New York City. It is bounded by Interstate 95 to the southwest, west, and north and the Hutchinson River Parkway to the east and southeast, and is partially in the Baychester and Eastchester neighborhoods. With 43,752 residents as of the 2010 United States Census, it is the largest housing cooperative in the world. It is in New York City Council District 12. Co-op City was formerly marshland before being occupied by an amusement park called Freedomland U.S.A. from 1960 to 1964. Construction began in 1966 and the first residents moved in two years later, though the project was not completed until 1973. The construction of the community was sponsored by the United Housing Foundation and financed with a mortgage loan from New York State Housing Finance Agency. The community is part of Bronx Community District 10 and its ZIP Code is 10475. Nearby attractions include Pelham Bay Park, Orchard Beach and City Island. Description. Co-op City's 15,372 residential units are composed of 35 high-rise buildings and seven clusters of townhouses, making it the largest residential development in the United States. It sits on , though only 20% of the land was developed, leaving many green spaces. The apartment buildings range from 24 to 33 floors. There are four types of buildings: 10 Triple Core (26 stories high with 500 apartment units per building), 10 chevron (24 stories, 414 units), 15 tower (33 stories, 384 units), and 236 town houses.", "The townhouses are three stories high and have a separate garden apartment and upper duplex apartment. This \"city within a city\" also has eight parking garages, three shopping centers, a educational park, including a high school, two middle schools, and three grade schools. More than 40 offices are rented by doctors, lawyers, and other professionals, and there are 15 houses of worship. Spread throughout the community are six nursery schools and day care centers, four basketball courts, and five baseball diamonds. The adjacent Bay Plaza Shopping Center has a 13-screen multiplex movie theater, department stores, and a supermarket. The development was built on landfill, and the original marshland still surrounds it. The building foundations extend down to bedrock through 50,000 pilings, but the land surrounding Co-op's structures settles and sinks a fraction of an inch each year, creating cracks in sidewalks and entrances to buildings. Street names. Most streets in the community are named after notable historical personalities. Generally, streets in section one begin with the letter \"D\", section two begins with the letter \"C\", section three with the letter \"A\", section four with the letter \"B\" and section five with the letter \"E\". Other streets include:\nHistory. Previous land use. In the 1920s the land that would become Co-op City had been set aside, intended for a future municipal airport. The land north of the Hutchinson River Parkway was a large swampy area known by residents as \"the dump\", and most of the land on the north side of the Hutchinson River was flat land used for recreation.", "The land to the south of the Hutchinson River (now Section 5 of Co-op City) was swampland. A tidal estuary reached from the Hutchinson River at the New Haven Railroad along a route just north of Hunter and Boller Avenue to pass under the Hutchinson River Parkway. The estuary was the site of boat yards and canoe rental sites during the 1950s. The northern portion of the site became the home of a 205-acre theme park named Freedomland U.S.A. Freedomland operated from June 19, 1960 until September 1964, when it closed after going bankrupt. A small portion of the former park site at the northeast corner of Bartow and Baychester Avenues in Co-op City remains zoned as a C7 district, reserved \"for large open amusement parks\". The zoning district is a holdover from Freedomland's operation. Development. In February 1965, plans were announced for the residential Co-op City development, the world's largest housing cooperative, on the site. The plans for Co-op City were announced in May 1965, with no provisions for an amusement park. Construction on Co-op City began in May 1966. While much of the Freedomland site and some of the surrounding land was infilled, several existing houses were retained along Givans Creek (near Section 5 of Co-op City) because of opposition from residents there. These houses received sewage and other utilities, though these projects were delayed.", "There was a controversy when Co-op City builders filled the land to grade, because the existing houses were located as much as below grade, and filling for the main development caused storm runoff to flood the existing houses. Residents began moving in during December 1968, and construction was completed in 1973. The project was sponsored and built by the United Housing Foundation, an organization established in 1951 by Abraham Kazan and the Amalgamated Clothing Workers of America, and was designed by cooperative architect Herman J. Jessor. The name of the complex's corporation itself was later changed to RiverBay at Co-op City. Financing. The construction of the community was financed with a mortgage loan from New York State Housing Finance Agency (HFA). The complex defaulted on the loan in 1975 and has had ongoing agreements to pay back HFA. Mismanagement, shoddy construction, and corruption led to the community's defaulting on its loan in 1975. The original Kazan board resigned, and the state took over control. Cooperators, faced with a 25-percent increase in their monthly maintenance fees, organized residents to refuse to pay their monthly maintenance fees. New York State threatened to foreclose on the property and evict the residents, which would mean the loss of their equity. However, cooperators stayed united and held out for 13 months (the longest and largest strike of its kind in United States history) before a compromise was finally reached, with mediation from then-Bronx Borough President Robert Abrams and then-New York Secretary of State Mario Cuomo.", "Cooperators would remit $20 million in back payments of maintenance fees, but they would get to take over management of the complex and set their own fees. The shares of stock that prospective purchasers bought to enable them to occupy Co-op City apartments became the subject of protracted litigation, culminating in a United States Supreme Court decision \"United Housing Foundation, Inc. v. Forman\", 421 U.S. 837 (1975). 57 residents sued because they had been charged for costs that were not described in a 1965 Information Bulletin seeking to attract residents for apartments in Co-op City. The Supreme Court held that federal courts have no jurisdiction of shares of stock that allow the purchaser to live in an apartment in Co-op City because they are not federally-regulated shares of commercial stock. In 2004, Co-op City was financially unable to continue payments to HFA due to the huge costs of emergency repairs. New York Community Bank helped RiverBay satisfy its $57 million mortgage obligation, except for $95 million in arrears, by refinancing the loan later that same year. This led to the agreement that Co-op City would remain in the Mitchell-Lama Housing Program for at least seven more years as a concession on the arrears and that any rehabilitation that Co-op City took on to improve the original poor construction (which happened under New York State's watch) would earn credit toward eliminating the debt. By 2008, RiverBay had submitted enough proof of construction repairs to pay off the balance of arrears to New York State. Renovations." ], "support": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ] }	{ "mapped_id": "aca219cd-0304-448e-970a-ae4d935f40d6", "doc_name": "Co-op City, Bronx", "doc_chunk": "Co-op City (short for Cooperative City) is a cooperative housing development located in the northeast section of the borough of the Bronx in New York City. It is bounded by Interstate 95 to the southwest, west, and north and the Hutchinson River Parkway to the east and southeast, and is partially in the Baychester and Eastchester neighborhoods. With 43,752 residents as of the 2010 United States Census, it is the largest housing cooperative in the world. It is in New York City Council District 12. Co-op City was formerly marshland before being occupied by an amusement park called Freedomland U.S.A. from 1960 to 1964. Construction began in 1966 and the first residents moved in two years later, though the project was not completed until 1973. The construction of the community was sponsored by the United Housing Foundation and financed with a mortgage loan from New York State Housing Finance Agency. The community is part of Bronx Community District 10 and its ZIP Code is 10475. Nearby attractions include Pelham Bay Park, Orchard Beach and City Island. Description. Co-op City's 15,372 residential units are composed of 35 high-rise buildings and seven clusters of townhouses, making it the largest residential development in the United States. It sits on , though only 20% of the land was developed, leaving many green spaces. The apartment buildings range from 24 to 33 floors. There are four types of buildings: 10 Triple Core (26 stories high with 500 apartment units per building), 10 chevron (24 stories, 414 units), 15 tower (33 stories, 384 units), and 236 town houses.", "support": 1 }
naturalqa	6cacc34c-9908-4461-bd20-94392f195796	who played sax on a million love songs	A Million Love Songs	[ "Snake Davis" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=6594730	1	{ "mapped_id": [ "6cacc34c-9908-4461-bd20-94392f195796", "6cacc34c-9908-4461-bd20-94392f195796", "6cacc34c-9908-4461-bd20-94392f195796", "6cacc34c-9908-4461-bd20-94392f195796", "6cacc34c-9908-4461-bd20-94392f195796" ], "doc_name": [ "A Million Love Songs", "A Million Love Songs", "A Million Love Songs", "A Million for Love", "Million Seller Songs" ], "doc_chunk": [ "1992 single by Take That\n\"A Million Love Songs\" is a song by English boy band Take That that appeared on their debut studio album, \"Take That & Party\" (1992). The song was written by lead vocalist Gary Barlow. It was released in the United Kingdom on 28 September 1992 by Sony Music and peaked at number seven on the UK Singles Chart that October. It also reached number 50 in the Netherlands. Song information. Written by lead vocalist Gary Barlow at the age of 15, it was released as the sixth single from the band's debut studio album, \"Take That & Party\", peaking at number seven in the UK Singles Chart. The two primary instruments are piano, played by Barlow, with a saxophone in the bridges originally scored, performed and recorded by Snake Davis. Take That's longtime saxophonist and music director, Mike Stevens went on to perform these sax parts live, many of them using the extended saxophone part written by Davis, at the end of the song. In January 1993, the song entered the Dutch Top 100 and peaked at number 50. The song was released for airplay in the United States in September 1993, but it failed to chart. The song was performed in the final of \"The X Factor\"'s third series in 2006 by eventual winner Leona Lewis, who was joined on stage halfway through the song by all four members of Take That. It was also performed in the second series of \"The X Factor\" by eventual winner Shayne Ward and by JLS on the fifth series of \"X Factor\" and in sixth series by Lloyd Daniels.", "Ward's version was released as a B-side to his single \"No Promises\". The song was also covered by Alexander O'Neal on his 2008 album, \"Alex Loves...\". On the ninth series of \"The X Factor\", the song was performed by eventual winner James Arthur at the bootcamp, playing an uptempo rendition on acoustic guitar. Critical reception. Larry Flick from \"Billboard\" wrote \"the boys drip with toothy sincerity. Fluttering harp fills are a bit too much for weak stomachs, while the sax lines give the song a '50s retro pop tone that makes you think of sockhops and make-out point. Too bad it's not prom season.\" British magazine \"Music Week\" commented, \"Take That change tack with the ballad A Million Love Songs, all Philadelphia creamy harmonies and poignant phrasing, that's bound to cause another stampede among the teenies. A nagging sax that is given free reign [\"sic\"] to roam is a minor annoyance, but that won't stop this from renewing the group's acquaintance with the Top 20.\" Simon Williams from \"NME\" called it \"weepsome\", stating the song is \"impeccably manufactured\", and \"one of the few times Take That sound remotely genuine\". A reviewer from \"Staffordshire Sentinel\" described it as \"swooning\". Music video. The music video for the song is shot in black and white, and makes use of the \"watercolour\" video editing effect which effectively blurs the image.", "The video is simple and shows the band performing the song with Barlow at the piano. Two versions of the video exist; one has the watercolour effect fading in and out and the other features a hand-drawn cartoon storyline with the members of the band trying to woo an emperor's daughter. Charts. <templatestyles src=\"Col-begin/styles.css\"/>\nReferences. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "1928 silent film\nA Million for Love is a 1928 American silent crime drama film directed by Robert F. Hill and starring Reed Howes, Josephine Dunn and Lee Shumway. References. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "Million Seller Songs is a compilation album by American pop singer Andy Williams that was released in the fall of 1962 by Cadence Records. This third album to compile the singer's material features some of the most successful songs Williams had recorded to date (albeit, in most cases, successful for another artist). The collection made its first appearance on the \"Billboard\" Top LPs chart in the issue dated January 12, 1963, and remained there for 43 weeks, peaking at #54. The album was issued on compact disc for the first time as one of two albums on one CD by Collectables Records on September 12, 2000, the other album being Williams's Cadence release from the summer of 1959, \"To You Sweetheart, Aloha\". Collectables included this CD in a box set entitled \"Classic Album Collection, Vol. 1\", which contains 17 of his studio albums and three compilations and was released on June 26, 2001. References. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />\nBibliography. <templatestyles src=\"Refbegin/styles.css\" />" ], "support": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ] }	{ "mapped_id": "6cacc34c-9908-4461-bd20-94392f195796", "doc_name": "A Million Love Songs", "doc_chunk": "1992 single by Take That\n\"A Million Love Songs\" is a song by English boy band Take That that appeared on their debut studio album, \"Take That & Party\" (1992). The song was written by lead vocalist Gary Barlow. It was released in the United Kingdom on 28 September 1992 by Sony Music and peaked at number seven on the UK Singles Chart that October. It also reached number 50 in the Netherlands. Song information. Written by lead vocalist Gary Barlow at the age of 15, it was released as the sixth single from the band's debut studio album, \"Take That & Party\", peaking at number seven in the UK Singles Chart. The two primary instruments are piano, played by Barlow, with a saxophone in the bridges originally scored, performed and recorded by Snake Davis. Take That's longtime saxophonist and music director, Mike Stevens went on to perform these sax parts live, many of them using the extended saxophone part written by Davis, at the end of the song. In January 1993, the song entered the Dutch Top 100 and peaked at number 50. The song was released for airplay in the United States in September 1993, but it failed to chart. The song was performed in the final of \"The X Factor\"'s third series in 2006 by eventual winner Leona Lewis, who was joined on stage halfway through the song by all four members of Take That. It was also performed in the second series of \"The X Factor\" by eventual winner Shayne Ward and by JLS on the fifth series of \"X Factor\" and in sixth series by Lloyd Daniels.", "support": 1 }
naturalqa	c780a5fc-36b3-486c-917b-63691e80e158	when did st george last win the grand final	2010 NRL Grand Final	[ "2010 NRL Grand Final" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24473457	1	{ "mapped_id": [ "c780a5fc-36b3-486c-917b-63691e80e158", "c780a5fc-36b3-486c-917b-63691e80e158", "c780a5fc-36b3-486c-917b-63691e80e158", "c780a5fc-36b3-486c-917b-63691e80e158", "c780a5fc-36b3-486c-917b-63691e80e158" ], "doc_name": [ "2010 NRL Grand Final", "2010 NRL Grand Final", "2010 NRL Grand Final", "2010 NRL Grand Final", "2010 NRL Grand Final" ], "doc_chunk": [ "2010 national rugby match\nThe 2010 NRL Grand Final was the conclusive and premiership-deciding game of the 2010 NRL season. Played on Sunday, 3 October at Sydney's ANZ Stadium, the match was contested by the St. George Illawarra Dragons and the Sydney Roosters. It was the first time the two sides met in a grand final. They had played each other twice before during the season, with St. George Illawarra winning on both occasions. St. George Illawarra finished the season as minor premiers as they had the previous season. The Roosters were the previous year's wooden-spooners and only after playing and winning for five consecutive weeks were able to reach the 2010 decider. In the grand final, St. George Illawarra trailed by two points at halftime, but broke the shackles in the second half, keeping the Roosters scoreless while adding 26 points to their score. The game finished with a 24-point margin in favour of St. George Illawarra, claiming their first premiership as a joint-venture club. Background. The 2010 NRL season was the 103rd season of professional rugby league football club competition in Australia, and the thirteenth run by the National Rugby League. The season commenced on 12 March with sixteen teams competing for the 2010 Telstra Premiership whilst the third season of the National Youth Competition was also in progress. The 2010 season was marred by the Melbourne Storm's admission in April of systematically breaching the salary cap.", "As part of the NRL's imposed penalties, the Storm were deducted all 8 competition points earned at the time of the announcement, and were barred from receiving points for the rest of the season, guaranteeing them the wooden spoon. St. George Illawarra Dragons. St. George Illawarra qualified for the Grand Final having defeated the Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles and the Wests Tigers in the finals series. The club had finished the regular season as minor premiers for the second consecutive season. St. George Illawarra suffered a poor record in finals matches, having been knocked out of the finals series in straight sets in 2009, and having qualified for a Grand Final only once (in 1999, their first year as a joint venture) in eight finals appearances since the joint venture came into existence. It had been 31 years since the St. George Dragons side of the joint venture last won a premiership, while the Illawarra Steelers club had never won a premiership or qualified for a Grand Final. Sydney Roosters. The Sydney Roosters entered the Grand Final from a markedly different path to that of the Dragons. The Roosters had finished the 2009 season on the bottom of the ladder. Under new coach Brian Smith, and having signed troubled star Todd Carney, the Roosters improved to finish sixth on the ladder in 2010, before consecutive finals series victories against the Wests Tigers, the Penrith Panthers and the Gold Coast Titans launched the club into the Grand Final.", "The Sydney Roosters were thus in a position where they could become the first club since the Western Suburbs Magpies in 1934 to win a premiership after finishing last in the previous season. Grand final day schedule. Australian rock band You Am I headlined the pre-match entertainment, which also featured Jessica Mauboy, Australian dance act Justice Crew, an ensemble of the Sydney Children's Choir, the Gondwana National Indigenous Children's Choir and the Glebe Public School Choir and a tribute to the NRL's retiring players. The 21 Australian soldiers killed in the war in Afghanistan also received a tribute that concluded with the traditional arrival of a Blackhawk helicopter. Match details. The Grand Final commenced at approximately 5.15pm, following the grand finals of the NSW Cup between Windsor Wolves and Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs and the Toyota Cup between South Sydney Rabbitohs and New Zealand Warriors. The weather was overcast, 13 degrees Celsius, with light rain which meant the two earlier matches had caused the centre of the field to become muddy. A crowd of 82,334 was in attendance for the match. First half. After a sixth-minute penalty to St. George Illawarra helped them up into good field position, Jamie Soward from the ten-metre line kicked the ball over into the Roosters' in-goal and Mark Gasnier, racing through from the right side, leapt to catch it on the full and put it down just inside the dead ball line.", "The video referee Bill Harrigan awarded the try and Soward's conversion was successful, so St. George Illawarra was leading 6-0 after eight minutes. However, video replays showed that in the lead up to the try, St. George Illawarra winger Brett Morris had passed the ball with a foot outside the touch-line so play should not have been allowed to continue. Later, in the sixteenth minute, the Sydney Roosters had made their way up into better field position when Todd Carney, twenty metres from the opposition try-line's right side, kicked high to the left corner. His winger Joseph Leilua caught the ball, crashed over the try-line, and while attempting to put it down had it knocked from his outstretched hand by Jamie Soward's knee, but Roosters captain Braith Anasta was there to ground it. The video referee was again called upon to award the try, and with Carney's kick going wide the score was 6-4 in favour of the Red & Whites. Less than two minutes after the restart of play St. George Illawarra knocked on in their own half and the Tricolours, after getting within fifteen metres of the try-line, moved the ball through the hands from the left side of the field to the right where Mitchell Aubusson crashed over near the corner. Carney again missed the conversion but his side was now in the lead 8-6 with a quarter of the match gone.", "In the twenty-sixth minute St. George Illawarra were awarded a penalty in a goal-kicking position but Soward missed. At the thirty-minute mark St. George Illawarra prop Michael Weyman was helped off the field after getting a swinging arm to the head from Daniel Conn which was placed on report. The third quarter of the match was played in both ends of the ground with neither side able to turn their opportunities into points, so the teams left the field with the Sydney Roosters leading 8-6. Second half. Less than six minutes after the break and having forced the Sydney Roosters to do a goal-line drop-out, St. George Illawarra got their first try of the half. On the second tackle and twenty metres out, the ball made its way through their hands to right winger Jason Nightingale who stepped around his defender and dove over in the corner. Soward's kick from the sideline added the extra two points, so St. George Illawarra led 12 - 8. The rain had started falling heavily when the Red & Whites scored another similar try, with a long cut-out pass going to ground but Nightingale was able to pick it up and cross in his corner again. Soward again kicked the extras, pushing his side's lead out to 18 - 8 with a quarter of the match remaining." ], "support": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ] }	{ "mapped_id": "c780a5fc-36b3-486c-917b-63691e80e158", "doc_name": "2010 NRL Grand Final", "doc_chunk": "2010 national rugby match\nThe 2010 NRL Grand Final was the conclusive and premiership-deciding game of the 2010 NRL season. Played on Sunday, 3 October at Sydney's ANZ Stadium, the match was contested by the St. George Illawarra Dragons and the Sydney Roosters. It was the first time the two sides met in a grand final. They had played each other twice before during the season, with St. George Illawarra winning on both occasions. St. George Illawarra finished the season as minor premiers as they had the previous season. The Roosters were the previous year's wooden-spooners and only after playing and winning for five consecutive weeks were able to reach the 2010 decider. In the grand final, St. George Illawarra trailed by two points at halftime, but broke the shackles in the second half, keeping the Roosters scoreless while adding 26 points to their score. The game finished with a 24-point margin in favour of St. George Illawarra, claiming their first premiership as a joint-venture club. Background. The 2010 NRL season was the 103rd season of professional rugby league football club competition in Australia, and the thirteenth run by the National Rugby League. The season commenced on 12 March with sixteen teams competing for the 2010 Telstra Premiership whilst the third season of the National Youth Competition was also in progress. The 2010 season was marred by the Melbourne Storm's admission in April of systematically breaching the salary cap.", "support": 1 }
naturalqa	094f6482-cea7-46f3-aac8-50d610f3d49e	when do the swallows go back to capistrano	When the Swallows Come Back to Capistrano	[ "springtime" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31231280	1	{ "mapped_id": [ "094f6482-cea7-46f3-aac8-50d610f3d49e", "094f6482-cea7-46f3-aac8-50d610f3d49e", "094f6482-cea7-46f3-aac8-50d610f3d49e", "094f6482-cea7-46f3-aac8-50d610f3d49e", "094f6482-cea7-46f3-aac8-50d610f3d49e" ], "doc_name": [ "When the Swallows Come Back to Capistrano", "When You Come Back", "When You Come Back to Me", "When the Swallows Fly", "When You Come Back to Me Again" ], "doc_chunk": [ "Song written by Leon René\n\"When the Swallows Come Back to Capistrano\" is a song written by Leon René and first recorded by The Ink Spots featuring Bill Kenny in May 1940. The Ink Spots' recording of the song reached No. 4 on the US charts. Background. René wrote the song as a tribute to the annual springtime return of the cliff swallows to Mission San Juan Capistrano in Southern California. A glassed-off room in the mission was later designated in René's honor, and displays the upright piano on which he composed the tune, the reception desk from his office, several copies of the song's sheet music and other pieces of furniture, all donated by René's family. Later recordings. The song was later recorded by among many others including: \nReferences. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "When You Come Back is Vusi Mahlasela's debut album. FIFA World Cup 2010. \"When You Come Back\" was used as the main theme song for UK broadcaster ITV's coverage of the FIFA World Cup 2010. Parts of the song are played with an image of liquid gold forming the trophy and the shape of the African Continent. The song entered the UK Official Singles Chart on 4 July 2010 at #70. References. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "When You Come Back to Me may refer to:\nTopics referred to by the same term\n<templatestyles src=\"Dmbox/styles.css\" />\n This page lists associated with the title .", "\"When the Swallows Fly\" is a song by the Bee Gees released on their fifth album \"Idea\". Its promotional video was filmed in Brussels and included on the TV special \"Idea\" and was aired on 11 December 1968. Background. The song's opening line echoed William Wordsworth's poem\"I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud\". It was recorded on June 18th 1968 at the same session as \"No Name\". Robin said \"It was one of my favorites, I think Barry's vocal on that is fantastic\". Barry recalls: \"['When the Swallows Fly'] that's something I brought in, but I don't remember how the song came about. It was probably written in Eaton Square or at the penthouse. A lot of the ballads in those days were written that way, like 'Words'. Chart performance. In 1971, when it was included on the \"Melody\" film soundtrack, it was released as a single only in Netherlands with \"Give Your Best\" as the B-side. It reached #20 in two weeks\nReferences. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "\"When You Come Back to Me Again\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Garth Brooks. The other writer on the song was Jenny Yates. The song was recorded for the movie \"Frequency\". It was then released in May 2000 as the lead single from the album, \"Scarecrow\". Trisha Yearwood, who later became Brooks' wife, provides harmony vocals. The song reached number 21 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) charts and peaked at number 23 on the Canadian \"RPM\" Country Tracks chart. It was nominated for Best Original Song at the 58th Golden Globe Awards. Background and writing. The song is a ballad, penned, in part about Brooks' mother's death. He told \"Billboard\" magazine that the song is about lighthouses in his life. Brooks said, \"that lighthouse is my mother, that lighthouse is also those people you played live to, that lighthouse is also the music because the music is like the air or the water, it simply is.\" Music video. The music video was co-directed by Gerry Wenner and Brooks and premiered in May 2000. The video was put together with clips from the film as well as Brooks singing the song against a black background, wearing all black (the view only being a face shot). The video begins and ends with a glow of light from a lighthouse panning out across the screen. Once in each end of the video a figure (presumably Garth) can be seen on the far right of the screen during one of the light movements." ], "support": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ] }	{ "mapped_id": "094f6482-cea7-46f3-aac8-50d610f3d49e", "doc_name": "When the Swallows Come Back to Capistrano", "doc_chunk": "Song written by Leon René\n\"When the Swallows Come Back to Capistrano\" is a song written by Leon René and first recorded by The Ink Spots featuring Bill Kenny in May 1940. The Ink Spots' recording of the song reached No. 4 on the US charts. Background. René wrote the song as a tribute to the annual springtime return of the cliff swallows to Mission San Juan Capistrano in Southern California. A glassed-off room in the mission was later designated in René's honor, and displays the upright piano on which he composed the tune, the reception desk from his office, several copies of the song's sheet music and other pieces of furniture, all donated by René's family. Later recordings. The song was later recorded by among many others including: \nReferences. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "support": 1 }
naturalqa	b1cb4688-3086-4262-9611-852659b85f5d	where is the harley davidson street 750 made	Harley-Davidson Street	[ "Harley's Kansas City facility" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42215783	1	{ "mapped_id": [ "b1cb4688-3086-4262-9611-852659b85f5d", "b1cb4688-3086-4262-9611-852659b85f5d", "b1cb4688-3086-4262-9611-852659b85f5d", "b1cb4688-3086-4262-9611-852659b85f5d", "b1cb4688-3086-4262-9611-852659b85f5d" ], "doc_name": [ "Harley-Davidson Street", "Harley-Davidson Street", "Harley-Davidson", "Harley-Davidson", "Harley-Davidson" ], "doc_chunk": [ "Motorcycle series manufactured by Harley-Davidson\nThe Harley-Davidson Street motorcycle series was announced by Harley-Davidson at the 2013 EICMA show in Milan for 2014 introduction, Harley's first all-new models in 13 years, including Harley's first lightweight motorcycle since the 1974 Sprint. The 750 is powered by a 749 cc displacement version of Harley's 60° SOHC V-twin, water-cooled Revolution engine dubbed the Revolution X. The Street 500 has a 494 cc engine with a smaller bore but is otherwise identical. Production for sale in the United States and Canada is done at Harley's Kansas City facility; production for the rest of the world, including engines, is done at the Harley-Davidson India subsidiary in Bawal with indigenous components. Street series bikes are positioned as Harley's entry-level models, with a price point that is the lowest for Harley's US lineup by over $1,200. Harley-Davidson Street Rod. For 2017, Harley released the Street Rod based on the 750 Street model. This new model introduced new features such as higher output Revolution X engine @ 8,750 rpm and @ 4,000 rpm, 43 mm inverted front forks and piggyback reservoir rear shocks, drag-style bars and 17 inch wheels. The new model, responding to market feedback that demanded a sporty standard, was meant to compete with bikes like the Yamaha FZ-07 and FZ-09. Riders Edge Program. The Street 500 replaced the Buell Blast in Harley-Davidson's rider training program. Reactions.", "Speculation about Harley \"outsourcing\" production of 500 and 750 cc models (called small-displacement in US press) to India began at least as early as 2011, along with harsh criticism that by not offering smaller bikes there, Harley \"doesn't understand emerging markets\". \"The New York Times\" also opined that Harley's move towards medium-displacement echoed that of other manufacturers for the developing world. References. Citations\n<templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />\nSources", "American motorcycle manufacturer\nHarley-Davidson, Inc. (H-D, or simply Harley) is an American motorcycle manufacturer headquartered in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States. Founded in 1903, it is one of two major American motorcycle manufacturers to survive the Great Depression along with its historical rival, Indian Motorcycles. The company has survived numerous ownership arrangements, subsidiary arrangements, periods of poor economic health and product quality, and intense global competition to become one of the world's largest motorcycle manufacturers and an iconic brand widely known for its loyal following. There are owner clubs and events worldwide, as well as a company-sponsored, brand-focused museum. Harley-Davidson is noted for a style of customization that gave rise to the chopper motorcycle style. The company traditionally marketed heavyweight, air-cooled cruiser motorcycles with engine displacements greater than 700 cc, but it has broadened its offerings to include more contemporary VRSC (2002) and middle-weight Street (2014) platforms. Harley-Davidson manufactures its motorcycles at factories in York, Pennsylvania; Menomonee Falls, Wisconsin; Tomahawk, Wisconsin; Manaus, Brazil; and Rayong, Thailand. The company markets its products worldwide, and also licenses and markets merchandise under the Harley-Davidson brand, among them apparel, home décor and ornaments, accessories, toys, scale models of its motorcycles, and video games based on its motorcycle line and the community. History.", "In 1901, -year-old William S. Harley drew up plans for a small engine with a displacement of 7.07 cubic inches (116 cc) and four-inch (102 mm) flywheels designed for use in a regular pedal-bicycle frame. Over the next two years, he and his childhood friend Arthur Davidson worked on their motor-bicycle using the northside Milwaukee machine shop at the home of their friend Henry Melk. It was finished in 1903 with the help of Arthur's brother Walter Davidson. Upon testing their power-cycle, Harley and the Davidson brothers found it unable to climb the hills around Milwaukee without pedal assistance, and they wrote off their first motor-bicycle as a valuable learning experiment. The three began work on a new and improved machine with an engine of 24.74 cubic inches (405 cc) with flywheels weighing . Its advanced loop-frame pattern was similar to the 1903 Milwaukee Merkel motorcycle designed by Joseph Merkel, later of Flying Merkel fame. The bigger engine and loop-frame design took it out of the motorized bicycle category and marked the path to future motorcycle designs. They also received help with their bigger engine from outboard motor pioneer Ole Evinrude, who was then building gas engines of his own design for automotive use on Milwaukee's Lake Street. The prototype of the new loop-frame Harley-Davidson was assembled in a shed in the Davidson family backyard. Most of the major parts, however, were made elsewhere, including some probably fabricated at the West Milwaukee railshops where oldest brother William A. Davidson was toolroom foreman.", "This prototype machine was functional by September 8, 1904, when it competed in a Milwaukee motorcycle race held at State Fair Park. Edward Hildebrand rode it and placed fourth in the race. In January 1905, the company placed small advertisements in the \"Automobile and Cycle Trade Journal\" offering bare Harley-Davidson engines to the do-it-yourself trade. By April, they were producing complete motorcycles on a very limited basis. That year, Harley-Davidson dealer Carl H. Lang of Chicago sold three bikes from the five built in the Davidson backyard shed. Years later, the company moved the original shed to the Juneau Avenue factory where it stood for many decades as a tribute. In 1906, Harley and the Davidson brothers built their first factory on Chestnut Street (later Juneau Avenue), at the current location of Harley-Davidson's corporate headquarters. The first Juneau Avenue plant was a single-story wooden structure. The company produced about 50 motorcycles that year. In 1907, William S. Harley graduated from the University of Wisconsin–Madison with a degree in mechanical engineering. That year, they expanded the factory with a second floor and later with facings and additions of Milwaukee pale yellow (\"cream\") brick. With the new facilities, production increased to 150 motorcycles in 1907. The company was officially incorporated that September. They also began selling their motorcycles to police departments around this time, a market that has been important to them ever since. In 1907, William A. Davidson quit his job as tool foreman for the Milwaukee Road railroad and joined the Motor Company." ], "support": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ] }	{ "mapped_id": "b1cb4688-3086-4262-9611-852659b85f5d", "doc_name": "Harley-Davidson Street", "doc_chunk": "Motorcycle series manufactured by Harley-Davidson\nThe Harley-Davidson Street motorcycle series was announced by Harley-Davidson at the 2013 EICMA show in Milan for 2014 introduction, Harley's first all-new models in 13 years, including Harley's first lightweight motorcycle since the 1974 Sprint. The 750 is powered by a 749 cc displacement version of Harley's 60° SOHC V-twin, water-cooled Revolution engine dubbed the Revolution X. The Street 500 has a 494 cc engine with a smaller bore but is otherwise identical. Production for sale in the United States and Canada is done at Harley's Kansas City facility; production for the rest of the world, including engines, is done at the Harley-Davidson India subsidiary in Bawal with indigenous components. Street series bikes are positioned as Harley's entry-level models, with a price point that is the lowest for Harley's US lineup by over $1,200. Harley-Davidson Street Rod. For 2017, Harley released the Street Rod based on the 750 Street model. This new model introduced new features such as higher output Revolution X engine @ 8,750 rpm and @ 4,000 rpm, 43 mm inverted front forks and piggyback reservoir rear shocks, drag-style bars and 17 inch wheels. The new model, responding to market feedback that demanded a sporty standard, was meant to compete with bikes like the Yamaha FZ-07 and FZ-09. Riders Edge Program. The Street 500 replaced the Buell Blast in Harley-Davidson's rider training program. Reactions.", "support": 1 }
naturalqa	c8d95aa0-bf6d-4b8c-a057-d3b9e2ac547d	who did the brewers get for khris davis	Khris Davis	[ "Jacob Nottingham", "Bubba Derby" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=37697933	1	{ "mapped_id": [ "c8d95aa0-bf6d-4b8c-a057-d3b9e2ac547d", "c8d95aa0-bf6d-4b8c-a057-d3b9e2ac547d", "c8d95aa0-bf6d-4b8c-a057-d3b9e2ac547d", "c8d95aa0-bf6d-4b8c-a057-d3b9e2ac547d", "c8d95aa0-bf6d-4b8c-a057-d3b9e2ac547d" ], "doc_name": [ "Khris Davis", "Khris Davis", "Khris Davis", "Khris Davis", "Khris Davis" ], "doc_chunk": [ "American baseball player (born 1987)\nKhristopher Adrian Davis (born December 21, 1987), nicknamed “Khrush”, is an American former professional baseball left fielder and designated hitter. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Milwaukee Brewers, Oakland Athletics and Texas Rangers. Davis led MLB with 48 home runs in the 2018 season. Background. Davis was born in Lakewood, California. He attended Cactus High School before transferring to play baseball at Deer Valley High School, where he was twice named an All-State player. During his senior season at Deer Valley, Davis hit .592 with 10 home runs and 50 RBIs to lead the team to a state title. Davis attended California State University, Fullerton, where he played college baseball for the Cal State Fullerton Titans as an outfielder, designated hitter, and pinch hitter. In his junior season, Davis hit .328 with 16 home runs and 58 RBIs. Professional career. Draft. In 2006, Davis was drafted by the Washington Nationals in the 29th round; he did not sign with the team but opted to play college baseball. He later was drafted by the Milwaukee Brewers in the seventh round of the 2009 Major League Baseball draft. Minor leagues. Davis began his minor league career in 2009. He played in one game for the Helena Brewers of the Rookie-level Pioneer League club and ten games for the Arizona League Brewers; Davis combined for two home runs and a .237 batting average. He spent the entire 2010 season playing for the Wisconsin Timber Rattlers of the Single–A Midwest League. He played in 128 games with 22 home runs and a .280 batting average.", "To start the 2011 season, Davis was promoted to the Brevard County Manatees of the High–A Florida State League. After 90 games, he was promoted to the Huntsville Stars of the Double–A Southern League; Davis played 35 games with the team. In 125 games that year, he batted .280 with 84 runs batted in (RBI) and 17 home runs. In 2012, Davis returned to the Arizona League Brewers and the Huntsville Stars for six and 44 games respectively. The Brewers promoted Davis to their top level below the Major Leagues with the Nashville Sounds of the Triple–A Pacific Coast League. He played in 32 games for the Sounds with a .310 batting average. Milwaukee Brewers. The Brewers added Davis to their 40-man roster during the 2012–13 offseason. After a productive spring training, Davis made the final roster cut and made his major league debut on opening day, grounding out in a pinch-hit appearance. Five days later, Davis made his first major league start in left field and recorded his first major league hit, a double off Patrick Corbin of the Arizona Diamondbacks. After a poor start that saw him bat just .188, Davis was optioned to Nashville. Davis was recalled in mid-July, and after Ryan Braun's suspension due to performance-enhancing drug use, became the Brewers' starting left fielder down the stretch. He hit his first major league home run at Miller Park on July 23 off Colt Hynes of the San Diego Padres. Davis ended the year with 11 home runs in 136 at-bats, with a slugging percentage of .596.", "Davis' rookie performance was enough to encourage Brewers management to trade right fielder Norichika Aoki to Kansas City and move Ryan Braun from left to right field, opening up an everyday role for Davis. After a slow start, batting .219 with an on-base percentage of .250 and a slugging percentage of.388 through May 20, Davis hit four home runs in six games. At the All-Star Break, Davis led the Brewers with 15 home runs. In 144 games for the Brewers, Davis hit .244 with 22 home runs and 69 RBIs. Davis was once again named the starting left fielder for the Brewers during the 2015 season and batted .247 with 27 home runs and 66 RBIs in 121 games. Oakland Athletics. On February 12, 2016, the Brewers traded Davis to the Oakland Athletics for Jacob Nottingham and Bubba Derby. On May 17 in a game against the Texas Rangers, Davis hit three home runs, including a walk-off grand slam for the third. This was only the second time this has happened in MLB history. On August 14, 2016, Davis hit his 30th home run of the season, a two-run homer against the Seattle Mariners. On September 18, 2016, Davis hit his 39th and 40th home runs of the season in a game against the Rangers. He added two more home runs to conclude the season. He also contributed 102 RBIs for the season, becoming the first player in the franchise to reach 100 or more RBIs since the 2006 season, when Frank Thomas had 114 RBIs for the Athletics.", "Davis hit two home runs in Oakland's 2017 season opener on April 3, the second Athletics player to do so, and the first since Jason Giambi in 2000. Davis hit 43 home runs total in the 2017 season and contributed 110 RBIs, being the first Athletics player to have back-to-back 40 home run seasons. In 2018, his 48 home runs led all of MLB. He also batted .247 for the fourth consecutive season. His 123 RBIs were the second-most in baseball behind J. D. Martinez. For the season, he had the lowest line drive percentage of all major league hitters (15.9%). In 2019 he batted .220/.293/.387 with 23 home runs and 73 RBIs. He swung at the highest percentage of pitches inside the strike zone of all American League batters (82.2%). In 2020, Davis continued with his struggles offensively, hitting an even .200 with only 2 home runs and 10 RBI. Texas Rangers. On February 6, 2021, the Athletics traded Davis, Jonah Heim and Dane Acker to the Texas Rangers in exchange for Elvis Andrus and Aramis Garcia. He was designated for assignment on June 8 after hitting .157/.262/.333 in 22 games for Texas. Davis was released by the Rangers on June 13. Oakland Athletics (second stint). On August 4, 2021, Davis signed a minor league deal with the Oakland Athletics. He was assigned to the Arizona Complex League Athletics.", "After going 1-for-11 with the ACL Athletics, he was promoted to the Triple-A Las Vegas Aviators. There, he hit .333 with 10 home runs and 25 RBIs over 16 games. On September 1, the Athletics selected Davis' contract when the rosters expanded. Diablos Rojos del México. On April 5, 2022, Davis signed with the Diablos Rojos del México of the Mexican League. In 12 games, he batted .119/.213/.167 with 2 RBI. Davis was released on May 18. Wild Health Genomes. On June 2, 2022, Davis signed with the Wild Health Genomes of the Atlantic League of Professional Baseball. In 54 games for the Genomes, he hit .271/.356/.585 with 17 home runs and 46 RBI. Davis was released on September 16. Personal life. Davis' father, Rodney, played in the Los Angeles Dodgers organization and has served as a scout for the Dodgers and Arizona Diamondbacks. He now serves as the head baseball coach at Whittier Christian High School in La Habra, Ca. His mother, Sonia Davis (née Alarcón), was born in Culiacán, but grew up in Ensenada. References. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />" ], "support": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ] }	{ "mapped_id": "c8d95aa0-bf6d-4b8c-a057-d3b9e2ac547d", "doc_name": "Khris Davis", "doc_chunk": "Davis' rookie performance was enough to encourage Brewers management to trade right fielder Norichika Aoki to Kansas City and move Ryan Braun from left to right field, opening up an everyday role for Davis. After a slow start, batting .219 with an on-base percentage of .250 and a slugging percentage of.388 through May 20, Davis hit four home runs in six games. At the All-Star Break, Davis led the Brewers with 15 home runs. In 144 games for the Brewers, Davis hit .244 with 22 home runs and 69 RBIs. Davis was once again named the starting left fielder for the Brewers during the 2015 season and batted .247 with 27 home runs and 66 RBIs in 121 games. Oakland Athletics. On February 12, 2016, the Brewers traded Davis to the Oakland Athletics for Jacob Nottingham and Bubba Derby. On May 17 in a game against the Texas Rangers, Davis hit three home runs, including a walk-off grand slam for the third. This was only the second time this has happened in MLB history. On August 14, 2016, Davis hit his 30th home run of the season, a two-run homer against the Seattle Mariners. On September 18, 2016, Davis hit his 39th and 40th home runs of the season in a game against the Rangers. He added two more home runs to conclude the season. He also contributed 102 RBIs for the season, becoming the first player in the franchise to reach 100 or more RBIs since the 2006 season, when Frank Thomas had 114 RBIs for the Athletics.", "support": 1 }
naturalqa	dc49b3a1-729b-4673-95aa-f3cc723997d1	the negro act of 1740 was a reaction to what	Negro Act of 1740	[ "the Stono Rebellion in 1739" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22698151	1	{ "mapped_id": [ "dc49b3a1-729b-4673-95aa-f3cc723997d1", "dc49b3a1-729b-4673-95aa-f3cc723997d1", "dc49b3a1-729b-4673-95aa-f3cc723997d1", "dc49b3a1-729b-4673-95aa-f3cc723997d1", "dc49b3a1-729b-4673-95aa-f3cc723997d1" ], "doc_name": [ "Negro Act of 1740", "Plantation Act 1740", "Plantation Act 1740", "Plantation Act 1740", "Papists Act 1740" ], "doc_chunk": [ "The Negro Act of 1740 was passed in the Province of South Carolina, on May 10, 1740, during colonial Governor William Bull's time in office, in response to the Stono Rebellion in 1739. The comprehensive act made it illegal for enslaved Africans to move abroad, assemble in groups, raise food, earn money, and learn to write (though reading was not proscribed). Additionally, owners were permitted to kill rebellious slaves if necessary. The Act remained in effect until 1865. John Belton O'Neall summarized the 1740 South Carolina law, in his 1848 written work, \"The Negro Law of South Carolina\", when he stated: \"A slave may, by the consent of his master, acquire and hold personal property. All, thus required, is regarded in law as that of the master.\" Across the South, state supreme courts supported the position of this law. O'Neall was the only one to express protest against the Act, arguing for the propriety of receiving testimony from enslaved Africans (many of whom had become Christians) under oath: \"Negroes (slave or free) will feel the sanctions of an oath, with as much force as any of the ignorant classes of white people, in a Christian country.\" References. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "United Kingdom legislation\nThe Plantation Act 1740 (referring to colonies) or the Naturalization Act 1740 are common names used for an act of the British Parliament (13 Geo. 2. c. 7) that was officially titled \"An Act for Naturalizing such foreign Protestants and others therein mentioned, as are settled or shall settle in any of His Majesty's Colonies in America\". The Act became effective on 1 June 1740 and allowed any Protestant alien residing in any of their American colonies for seven years, without being absent from that colony for more than two months, to be deemed \"his Majesty’s natural-born subjects of this Kingdom.\" The Act also required making specific declarations concerning royal allegiance and succession, profession of the Christian faith, and the payment of two shillings. Compared to other alternatives available at the time, the Act provided a cheap and easy method of imperial naturalization, and the length of residency was not unreasonable. Background. Reflecting the situation in Britain, the necessary profession of Christian faith was distinctly Protestant and specifically Anglican. The act was not intended for conscientious Roman Catholics, and they were referred to in the law as Papists. Exceptions however for non-conforming religious scruples and conscience were made, in the case of Quakers and Jews. Adherents of both faiths were allowed to dispense with the Sacramental test, with the former being allowed to affirm the oaths, and the latter being relieved of the obligation to repeat the words 'Upon the true faith of a Christian', at the end of the Oath of Abjuration required by the Act of Settlement since 1701. Contents.", "The Plantation Act was enacted to systematize naturalization procedures in all localities as well as to encourage immigration to the American colonies. It provided a workable naturalization procedure by empowering colonial courts to administer the oath of allegiance to aliens. The act endowed colonial courts with the responsibility of deciding when alien petitioners had fulfilled the statutory requirements for imperial citizenship. The Secretaries of Colonies were required, under penalty, to send annual lists of such persons to the Commissioners of Trade and Plantations. In proprietary colonies, the judges were appointed by colonial governors and thus represented the royal or proprietary interest. However, by delegating authority to colonial officials, naturalization became subject to the pressure of the same local interest groups that increasingly defied the governor's efforts to implement royal and proprietary instructions on other issues. Despite the penalties imposed under the act, only six Secretaries of the thirteen American Colonies and one in the West Indies submitted the mandated lists. Development. In England during the 17th and 18th centuries, several basic statutes applied to naturalization, but these statutes would not include many aliens in the colonies who were considered an integral part of the colonial communities. Over the same time period, the American provinces (except New Hampshire) passed their own naturalization laws, which granted citizenship to people living within their province. These laws were based more on local colonial interpretations of community citizenship than on stricter considerations in the mother-country. but they gave no rights beyond their borders. This situation was initially accepted as positive and workable in England, but proved to be too inconsistent with and broader imperial intentions as time passed.", "Britain began withdrawing support to promote immigration to the colonies at the end of the Seven Years' War. Colonial implementation both before and after the Plantation Act tended to ignore, evade, and reshape English regulations, thus vitiating many policy decisions and generating a chaotic array of citizenship procedures. The Navigation Acts were a particular target for evasion, since they were seen as acting more as restraint on both colonial naturalization and its peoples' ability to take part fully in the economy. Colonial naturalization of aliens was outright forbidden in December 1773, under any conditions. A ban on royal land grants, initiated earlier in 1773, was made final in February 1774. The colonial naturalization laws and the Plantation Act, during its nearly 30-year utilization would define British North America as a refuge and land of opportunity, The prohibition on naturalizing foreigners under the act was considered intolerable, and would be included, \"inter alia\", in the grievances listed in the Declaration of Independence, though some consider that surprising. Despite being a British law, the Plantation Act \"was the model upon which the Naturalization Act of 1790, the first U.S. naturalization act, with respect to time, oath of allegiance, process of swearing before a judge, and the like, was clearly based.\" Notes. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "United Kingdom legislation\nThe Papists Act 1740 (14 Geo. 2. c. 21) was an Act of Parliament passed by the Parliament of Great Britain during the reign of George II. Its long title was \"An Act to indemnify protestant purchasers of estates of papists, against the penalties or forfeitures papists are liable to, for not having inrolled their estates, in pursuance of an act of the third year of the reign of his late majesty King George the First, for that purpose\". Notes. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />" ], "support": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ] }	{ "mapped_id": "dc49b3a1-729b-4673-95aa-f3cc723997d1", "doc_name": "Negro Act of 1740", "doc_chunk": "The Negro Act of 1740 was passed in the Province of South Carolina, on May 10, 1740, during colonial Governor William Bull's time in office, in response to the Stono Rebellion in 1739. The comprehensive act made it illegal for enslaved Africans to move abroad, assemble in groups, raise food, earn money, and learn to write (though reading was not proscribed). Additionally, owners were permitted to kill rebellious slaves if necessary. The Act remained in effect until 1865. John Belton O'Neall summarized the 1740 South Carolina law, in his 1848 written work, \"The Negro Law of South Carolina\", when he stated: \"A slave may, by the consent of his master, acquire and hold personal property. All, thus required, is regarded in law as that of the master.\" Across the South, state supreme courts supported the position of this law. O'Neall was the only one to express protest against the Act, arguing for the propriety of receiving testimony from enslaved Africans (many of whom had become Christians) under oath: \"Negroes (slave or free) will feel the sanctions of an oath, with as much force as any of the ignorant classes of white people, in a Christian country.\" References. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "support": 1 }
naturalqa	faecbc42-d3fe-4f5d-9adf-98fe0a934001	when did full throttle open at six flags	Full Throttle (roller coaster)	[ "June 22, 2013" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=35569660	2	{ "mapped_id": [ "faecbc42-d3fe-4f5d-9adf-98fe0a934001", "faecbc42-d3fe-4f5d-9adf-98fe0a934001", "faecbc42-d3fe-4f5d-9adf-98fe0a934001", "faecbc42-d3fe-4f5d-9adf-98fe0a934001", "faecbc42-d3fe-4f5d-9adf-98fe0a934001" ], "doc_name": [ "Full Throttle (roller coaster)", "Full Throttle (roller coaster)", "Full Throttle (roller coaster)", "Full Throttle", "Roller coaster" ], "doc_chunk": [ "Roller coaster at Magic Mountain\nFull Throttle is a launched roller coaster located in Six Flags Plaza at Six Flags Magic Mountain in Valencia, California. Designed and manufactured by Premier Rides, the ride opened to the public on June 22, 2013. It featured the world's tallest vertical loop of when it opened, a record that was surpassed in 2016 by Flash at Lewa Adventure in Xianyang, China. Its top hat element is also unique in the way it is situated on top of a vertical loop. It is the only roller coaster to have track on the bottom and top of a vertical loop. History. In late 2012 Baltimore-based roller coaster manufacturer Premier Rides was announced as the builder of the coaster. Construction of Full Throttle started shortly after the Log Jammer log flume was closed on October 31, 2011. In March 2012, details of a launched roller coaster named Full Throttle were leaked to the \"Los Angeles Times\". On April 4, 2012, Six Flags trademarked the name Full Throttle. On August 28, 2012, Six Flags Magic Mountain officially announced Full Throttle. Along with Full Throttle there would be a new themed section to host the new coaster. In mid-November 2012, construction walls went up, blocking off the construction site in \"Six Flags Plaza\". For the new themed section, the \"What the Fried?\" restaurant and the \"Warner Bros. Kids' Club\" theater were demolished before the construction walls went up. By mid-December, the first pieces of Full Throttle's track had arrived on site. In late February, Full Throttle construction went vertical. On April 12, 2013 construction was completed.", "Six Flags Magic Mountain confirmed on Twitter that Full Throttle would open on June 22, 2013. Later that year in November, seat belts were installed on both Full Throttle and Goliath. A permanent covering over the loading station was also added during this time. Ride experience. The train is launched out of the station from using linear synchronous motors. Riders immediately enter the record-breaking vertical loop, which is followed by a high-banked curve to the right and another to the left as the train approaches the second inversion, a dive loop. This inversion drops down into a tunnel previously used for the park's monorail system, where the train comes to a halt. The train is then launched backwards out of the tunnel and partially up the dive loop. Once it loses its backward momentum, the train returns forward into the tunnel and is launched out of the tunnel and straight into a high-G turn to the left. Riders then go up the top hat that is located on top of the loop. Riders drop from the hill and reach the brake run before entering a 180-degree turn to the left back into the station. The duration of the ride is under one minute. Trains. Full Throttle has 2 trains with 3 cars per train. Riders are arranged 2 across in 3 rows for a total of 18 riders per train. The ride's capacity is 800 riders per hour. Plaza and station. Full Throttle's station was once open aired, but shade has since been placed over the station. Its theme is unlike other coasters in the park.", "In front of the station is a dining area and gift shop in a building with \"Full Throttle\" badging. There is also a stage where dance parties are often held featuring a DJ, drum player, and \"Full Throttle dancers\". Reception. Upon its building, Full Throttle received positive reviews from critics. Brady MacDonald of the \"Los Angeles Times\" states, \"you ride Full Throttle and there's only one reaction: wow\". MacDonald claims the ride starts \"silky smooth and whisper quiet\" and launches as a \"rocket-fast launch\". However, MacDonald criticized the placement of the brakes partway down the top hat. Records. Upon debut, Full Throttle surpassed at Six Flags Fiesta Texas for the tallest vertical loop on a roller coaster. In January 2016 the record was conceded to Mack-manufactured Flash at Lewa Adventure amusement park located in China. However, Full Throttle's loop remains the tallest loop in North America. The coaster features a top hat element, unique in the way it is situated on the top of the vertical loop. References. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "Full Throttle as a proper noun is an allusion to wide open throttle (full throttle) on an engine. It may refer to:\n<templatestyles src=\"Template:TOC_right/styles.css\" />\nSee also. Topics referred to by the same term\n<templatestyles src=\"Dmbox/styles.css\" />\n This page lists associated with the title .", "Rail-based amusement park ride\nA roller coaster is a type of amusement ride employing a form of elevated railroad track that carries passengers on a train through tight turns, steep slopes, and other elements usually designed to produce a thrilling experience. Trains consist of open cars connected in a single line, and the rides are often found in theme parks around the world. Roller coasters first appeared in the 17th century, and LaMarcus Adna Thompson obtained one of the first known patents for a roller coaster design in 1885, based on the Switchback Railway which opened a year earlier at Coney Island. Tracks are typically built and designed as a complete circuit in which trains depart from and return to the same loading station. One variation, a shuttle roller coaster, reverses at some point throughout the course of the ride to traverse the same track backwards. History. The Russian Mountains and the Aerial Promenades. The oldest roller coasters are believed to have originated from the so-called \"Russian Mountains\", specially constructed hills of ice located in the area that is now Saint Petersburg, Russia. Built in the 17th century, the slides were built to a height of between , had a 50-degree drop, and were reinforced by wooden supports. Later, in 1784, Catherine the Great is said to have constructed a sledding hill in the gardens of her palace at Oranienbaum in St. Petersburg. The Riding Mountain (a.k.a. \"La Grande Glisade\") entertainment pavilion designed by Bartolomeo Francesco Rastrelli for Tsarskoye Selo royal residence was built in 1754–1757." ], "support": [ 1, 1, 0, 0, 0 ] }	{ "mapped_id": "faecbc42-d3fe-4f5d-9adf-98fe0a934001", "doc_name": "Full Throttle (roller coaster)", "doc_chunk": "Roller coaster at Magic Mountain\nFull Throttle is a launched roller coaster located in Six Flags Plaza at Six Flags Magic Mountain in Valencia, California. Designed and manufactured by Premier Rides, the ride opened to the public on June 22, 2013. It featured the world's tallest vertical loop of when it opened, a record that was surpassed in 2016 by Flash at Lewa Adventure in Xianyang, China. Its top hat element is also unique in the way it is situated on top of a vertical loop. It is the only roller coaster to have track on the bottom and top of a vertical loop. History. In late 2012 Baltimore-based roller coaster manufacturer Premier Rides was announced as the builder of the coaster. Construction of Full Throttle started shortly after the Log Jammer log flume was closed on October 31, 2011. In March 2012, details of a launched roller coaster named Full Throttle were leaked to the \"Los Angeles Times\". On April 4, 2012, Six Flags trademarked the name Full Throttle. On August 28, 2012, Six Flags Magic Mountain officially announced Full Throttle. Along with Full Throttle there would be a new themed section to host the new coaster. In mid-November 2012, construction walls went up, blocking off the construction site in \"Six Flags Plaza\". For the new themed section, the \"What the Fried?\" restaurant and the \"Warner Bros. Kids' Club\" theater were demolished before the construction walls went up. By mid-December, the first pieces of Full Throttle's track had arrived on site. In late February, Full Throttle construction went vertical. On April 12, 2013 construction was completed.", "support": 1 }
naturalqa	561058c5-481a-47ad-b6f3-2e1584eacaee	this person was a long-standing leader of the dravidian movement	M. Karunanidhi	[ "Muthuvel Karunanidhi" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=479912	1	{ "mapped_id": [ "561058c5-481a-47ad-b6f3-2e1584eacaee", "561058c5-481a-47ad-b6f3-2e1584eacaee", "561058c5-481a-47ad-b6f3-2e1584eacaee", "561058c5-481a-47ad-b6f3-2e1584eacaee", "561058c5-481a-47ad-b6f3-2e1584eacaee" ], "doc_name": [ "M. Karunanidhi", "M. Karunanidhi", "M. Karunanidhi", "M. Karunanidhi", "M. Karunanidhi" ], "doc_chunk": [ "Indian politician, former Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu\nMuthuvel Karunanidhi (3 June 1924 – 7 August 2018) was an Indian writer and politician who served as Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu for almost two decades over five terms between 1969 and 2011. He is popularly referred to as Kalaignar (Artist) and Mutthamizh Arignar (Tamil Scholar) for his contributions to Tamil literature. He had the longest intermittent tenure as Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu with 6,863 days in office. He was also a long-standing leader of the Dravidian movement and ten-time president of the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam political party. Karunanidhi has the record of never losing an election to the Tamil Nadu Assembly, having won 13 times since his first victory in 1957. Before entering politics, he worked in the Tamil film industry as a screenwriter. He also made contributions to Tamil literature, having written stories, plays, novels, and a multiple-volume memoir. Karunanidhi died on 7 August 2018 at Kauvery Hospital in Chennai after a series of prolonged, age-related illnesses. Karunanidhi was born in the Tamil Nadu village of Thirukkuvalai on 3 June 1924. His parents were from the Tamil-speaking Isai Vellalar community, a caste of musicians that perform at temples and other social gatherings. Growing up in a caste-ridden culture, Karunanidhi was learned about the crippling circumstances that arose from being born into a low caste.", "When he was 14, he formed a student movement against the imposition of Hindi as India's national language during the Anti-Hindi agitation of 1937–40. This served as a forerunner to Karunanidhi's wider anti-Hindi demonstrations in 1965. As a high school student, Karunanidhi created the Tamil Nadu Tamil Manavar Mandram, the Dravidian Movement's first student wing. He also started a news paper during his school days, which grew into the \"Murasoli\", the DMK's official publication. Karunanidhi began participating in theatrical productions at a young age, including composing plays. Later on, he started writing for movies. As a writer, he wrote screenplays, historical novels, screenplays, biographies, poems and novels. He utilised his writing to propagate reformist ideals effectively. He wrote the script and dialogue for M. G. Ramachandran's maiden film as a hero, \"Rajakumari\". He also composed the dialogue for Sivaji Ganesan's debut film, \"Parasakthi\". He was critical of organised religion and superstition. He was an atheist and a self-described rationalist. Karunanidhi started his political career in 1957, when he was voted to the Madras state legislature. When the DMK first entered the state legislature the following year, he was named treasurer and deputy leader of the opposition. Karunanidhi ascended quickly through the ranks. After the death of C.N.", "Annadurai in 1969, he became the DMK's leader and Chief minister of Tamil Nadu and led the party to a landslide win in the 1971 Assembly elections. He was influenced by the rationalist and egalitarian ideology of Periyar and DMK founder C N Annadurai. Karunanidhi was among those who fought Indira Gandhi's Emergency in 1975 which led to governments getting dismissed in 1976. In the 1976 Assembly elections, he gave the Congress 50 per cent of the seats, but the partnership fell apart, and MGR prevailed. After MGR's death in 1989, he led the party to power. His administration was dismissed in 1991 for its alleged links with the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE). He came to power in the state in 1996 after forming a partnership with the Tamil Maanila Congress and joined the United Front led by Deve Gowda in the centre. His party allied with the BJP in 1999. He was arrested from his house in 2001 by the police on the orders of Jayalalitha as an act of vendetta over alleged losses in construction of fly-overs. In the Lok Sabha elections of 2004, he teamed up with the Congress and won by a landslide. He became a chief minister again in 2006. In the 2014 Lok Sabha elections, he contested alone and lost. In 2016, he made the DMK become the Tamil Nadu Assembly's biggest opposition party. During his political career, Karunanidhi advocated for increased state autonomy and affirmative action to favour lower castes.", "He implemented a caste-based quota system for government employment and government school students, as well as subsidies to the poor. His initiatives were quickly adopted in other Indian states. His initiatives earned him popularity among the lower castes. He was frequently confronted with accusations of nepotism. He has also stirred controversies by publicly supporting the LTTE and other separatist groups in Sri Lanka. During his different tenures, he implemented a number of initiatives aimed at promoting the expansion of industry in the state. He was also instrumental in erecting a 133-foot monument of Thiruvalluvar in Kanyakumari and ensuring classical language status to Tamil language. Early life and family. Karunanidhi was born on 3 June 1924, in the village of Thirukkuvalai in Tanjore district (currently Nagapattinam district), Madras Presidency, to Ayyadurai Muthuvel and Anjugam. He had two elder sisters, Periyanayaki and Shanmugasundari. There was some misconception that his birth name was Dakshinamurthy, later changed to Karunanidhi as influenced by Dravidian and rationalist movements, Karunanidhi himself stated that C.N. Annadurai asked him to keep his birthname \"Karunanidhi\", since it is already popular among the people.", "In his own writings Karunanidhi said that his family were of the Isai Vellalar, a community who had traditionally played musical instruments at ceremonial occasions; however his political rival M. G. Ramachandran and some observers contested that and said that he was of Telugu ancestry. Karunanidhi started his education at a local school. Karunanidhi's father was eager to teach him music. His music teachers were from the Isai Vellalar group, and the lessons were conducted in temples where he was not allowed to cover his upper body, wear slippers, or wear a cotton cloth around his hips as a sign of respect for the upper caste people. He couldn't tolerate learning in an environment where he wasn't treated with respect, which made his father agree to stop his music classes. His father also asked the local headmaster to set up special tutoring courses for Karunanidhi and paid a tuition fee of milk every morning and evening.My music lessons were actually my first political studies. I learnt about the oppression of humans based on their caste. I saw the delight with which certain individuals could humiliate others, and the self-righteousness of others in carrying out their customs without realising that they were mistreating a large majority of the people. At the age of 12, he left to Thiruvarur to start his high school. Karunanidhi started to organise school students for the Anti-Hindi agitations. The deaths of two anti-Hindi agitators by the police made a profound impact on him." ], "support": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ] }	{ "mapped_id": "561058c5-481a-47ad-b6f3-2e1584eacaee", "doc_name": "M. Karunanidhi", "doc_chunk": "Indian politician, former Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu\nMuthuvel Karunanidhi (3 June 1924 – 7 August 2018) was an Indian writer and politician who served as Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu for almost two decades over five terms between 1969 and 2011. He is popularly referred to as Kalaignar (Artist) and Mutthamizh Arignar (Tamil Scholar) for his contributions to Tamil literature. He had the longest intermittent tenure as Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu with 6,863 days in office. He was also a long-standing leader of the Dravidian movement and ten-time president of the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam political party. Karunanidhi has the record of never losing an election to the Tamil Nadu Assembly, having won 13 times since his first victory in 1957. Before entering politics, he worked in the Tamil film industry as a screenwriter. He also made contributions to Tamil literature, having written stories, plays, novels, and a multiple-volume memoir. Karunanidhi died on 7 August 2018 at Kauvery Hospital in Chennai after a series of prolonged, age-related illnesses. Karunanidhi was born in the Tamil Nadu village of Thirukkuvalai on 3 June 1924. His parents were from the Tamil-speaking Isai Vellalar community, a caste of musicians that perform at temples and other social gatherings. Growing up in a caste-ridden culture, Karunanidhi was learned about the crippling circumstances that arose from being born into a low caste.", "support": 1 }
naturalqa	5e0cc0b2-9bcf-48a2-bce3-87c75710cfb2	when was the temple of hercules victor built	Temple of Hercules Victor	[ "the later 2nd century BC" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2344988	1	{ "mapped_id": [ "5e0cc0b2-9bcf-48a2-bce3-87c75710cfb2", "5e0cc0b2-9bcf-48a2-bce3-87c75710cfb2", "5e0cc0b2-9bcf-48a2-bce3-87c75710cfb2", "5e0cc0b2-9bcf-48a2-bce3-87c75710cfb2", "5e0cc0b2-9bcf-48a2-bce3-87c75710cfb2" ], "doc_name": [ "Temple of Hercules Victor", "Temple of Hercules Victor", "Temple of Hercules Victor", "Temple of Hercules", "Temple of Hercules (Amman)" ], "doc_chunk": [ "Ancient religious monument in Rome, Italy\nThe Temple of Hercules Victor () or Hercules Olivarius (Latin for \"Hercules the Olive-Bearer\") is a Roman temple in Piazza Bocca della Verità, the former Forum Boarium, in Rome, Italy. It is a tholos, a round temple of Greek 'peripteral' design completely surrounded by a colonnade. This layout caused it to be mistaken for a temple of Vesta until it was correctly identified by Napoleon's Prefect of Rome, Camille de Tournon. Despite (or perhaps due to) the Forum Boarium's role as the cattle market for ancient Rome, the Temple of Hercules is the subject of a folk belief claiming that neither flies nor dogs will enter the holy place. The temple is the earliest surviving mostly intact marble building in Rome and the only surviving one made of Greek marble. Description. Dating from the later 2nd century BC and erected by L. Mummius Achaicus, conqueror of the Achaeans and destroyer of Corinth, or by Marcus Octavius Herrenus, the temple is 14.8 m in diameter and consists of a circular cella within a concentric ring of twenty Corinthian columns 10.66 m tall, resting on a tuff foundation. These elements supported an architrave and roof, which have disappeared. The original wall of the cella, built of travertine and marble blocks, and nineteen of the originally twenty columns remain but the current tile roof was added later. Palladio's published reconstruction suggested a dome, though this was apparently erroneous.", "The temple is the earliest surviving marble building in Rome. The temple's original dedication is dated back to circa 143-132 BC, a time when intense construction was taking place in Portus Tiberinus. Identification. Its major literary sources are two almost identical passages, one in Servius' commentary on the \"Aeneid\" (viii.363) and the other in Macrobius' \"Saturnalia\". Though Servius mentions that \"aedes duae sunt\", \"there are two sacred temples\", the earliest Roman calendars mention but one festival, on 13 August, to \"Hercules Victor\" and \"Hercules Invictus\" interchangeably. Post-Classical history. In the 1st century AD, the temple was hit with some sort of disaster as 10 columns were replaced with Luna marble, which is similar to the original but not an exact replica. By 1132, the temple had been converted to a church, known as Santo Stefano alle Carozze (St. Stephen 'of the carriages'). In 1140, Innocent II converted the temple into a Christian church dedicating it to Santo Stefano. Additional restorations (and a fresco over the altar) were made in 1475. A plaque in the floor was dedicated by Sixtus IV. In the 12th century, the cella wall was replaced with brick faced concrete and windows were added as well. In the 17th century, the church was rededicated to \"Santa Maria del Sole\" (\"St. Mary of the Sun\").", "The temple and the Temple of Vesta in Tivoli were an inspiration for Bramante's Tempietto and other High Renaissance churches of centralized plan. Between 1809 and 1810, the surrounding ground level was lowered and the temple was restored once again. The temple was recognized officially as an ancient monument in 1935 and restored in 1996. References. Citations. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />\nExternal links. Media related to at Wikimedia Commons", "The Temple of Hercules or Temple of Heracles may refer to:\nPlaces. Topics referred to by the same term\n<templatestyles src=\"Dmbox/styles.css\" />\n This page lists associated with the title .", "Ancient Roman structure in Jordan\nTemple of Hercules is a historic site in the Amman Citadel in Amman, Jordan. It is thought to be the most significant Roman structure in the Amman Citadel. According to an inscription the temple was built when Geminius Marcianus was governor of the Province of Arabia (AD 162–166), in the same period as the Roman Theater in Amman. Description. The temple is about wide and additional with an outer sanctum of . The portico has six columns ca. tall. Archaeologists believe that since there are no remains of additional columns the temple was probably not finished, and the marble used to build the Byzantine Church nearby. Colossal statue. The site also contains fragments of a colossal partly stone statue, identified as Hercules, and estimated to have been over tall. It was probably destroyed in an earthquake. All that remains are three fingers and an elbow. References. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />" ], "support": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ] }	{ "mapped_id": "5e0cc0b2-9bcf-48a2-bce3-87c75710cfb2", "doc_name": "Temple of Hercules Victor", "doc_chunk": "Ancient religious monument in Rome, Italy\nThe Temple of Hercules Victor () or Hercules Olivarius (Latin for \"Hercules the Olive-Bearer\") is a Roman temple in Piazza Bocca della Verità, the former Forum Boarium, in Rome, Italy. It is a tholos, a round temple of Greek 'peripteral' design completely surrounded by a colonnade. This layout caused it to be mistaken for a temple of Vesta until it was correctly identified by Napoleon's Prefect of Rome, Camille de Tournon. Despite (or perhaps due to) the Forum Boarium's role as the cattle market for ancient Rome, the Temple of Hercules is the subject of a folk belief claiming that neither flies nor dogs will enter the holy place. The temple is the earliest surviving mostly intact marble building in Rome and the only surviving one made of Greek marble. Description. Dating from the later 2nd century BC and erected by L. Mummius Achaicus, conqueror of the Achaeans and destroyer of Corinth, or by Marcus Octavius Herrenus, the temple is 14.8 m in diameter and consists of a circular cella within a concentric ring of twenty Corinthian columns 10.66 m tall, resting on a tuff foundation. These elements supported an architrave and roof, which have disappeared. The original wall of the cella, built of travertine and marble blocks, and nineteen of the originally twenty columns remain but the current tile roof was added later. Palladio's published reconstruction suggested a dome, though this was apparently erroneous.", "support": 1 }
naturalqa	3bc6802b-a987-4fca-8105-275e75e77017	who plays papi jr in beverly hills chihuahua 2	Beverly Hills Chihuahua 2	[ "Zachary Gordon" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=27359507	1	{ "mapped_id": [ "3bc6802b-a987-4fca-8105-275e75e77017", "3bc6802b-a987-4fca-8105-275e75e77017", "3bc6802b-a987-4fca-8105-275e75e77017", "3bc6802b-a987-4fca-8105-275e75e77017", "3bc6802b-a987-4fca-8105-275e75e77017" ], "doc_name": [ "Beverly Hills Chihuahua 2", "Beverly Hills Chihuahua 2", "Beverly Hills Chihuahua 2", "Beverly Hills Chihuahua", "Beverly Hills Chihuahua" ], "doc_chunk": [ "Beverly Hills Chihuahua 2 is a 2011 American comedy film. It is the sequel to 2008's \"Beverly Hills Chihuahua\" and the second film in the \"Beverly Hills Chihuahua\" series. Directed by Alex Zamm, and starring George Lopez, Odette Yustman and Zachary Gordon, the film focuses on Papi and Chloe, now married with five puppies. The film was released by Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment on February 1, 2011, in a two-disc Blu-ray and DVD combo pack. With the exception of Lopez, none of the actors from the first film reprised their roles. Another sequel, \"\", was released on September 18, 2012. Plot. Two years after the events of the first film, newly married couple Papi (voiced by George Lopez) and Chloe (voiced by Odette Yustman) are trying to keep up with their five puppies Papi Jr, Lala, Rosa, Ali and Pep (voiced by Zachary Gordon, Madison Pettis, Chantilly Spalan, Delaney Jones and Emily Osment) running around the house, creating problem after problem. However, Papi shows a soft side for the pups and occasionally tells them of their ancient ancestors, the Chihuahua Warriors. Aunt Viv (Susan Blakely), Chloe's owner, is in the rain forest for the next 6 months with her niece, Rachel (Erin Cahill) searching for plants for medical research. During this time Sam (Marcus Coloma), Papi's owner and Rachel's boyfriend, is caring for the whole chihuahua family.", "Sam takes Chloe, Papi and the puppies back home to meet his parents, Mr. and Mrs. Cortez (Castulo Guerra and Lupe Ontiveros). Sam finds out that his parents are struggling to pay the mortgage on their house and the bank plans to take their home and sell it. Chloe and the rest of the dogs decide to compete in a dog show in order to win a large cash prize. Delgado, an old friend, also comes to the home and tells Chloe that he needs her help with a secret mission. The mission turns out to be Delgado trying to tell his two sons the truth about why he left them as puppies, but he cannot bring himself to do it. Later, Papi initially wins the dog show, but is later disqualified due to lack of breed papers, losing to an arrogant and vain French poodle named Appoline (Bridgit Mendler). After hearing that Delgado has sons in Los Angeles, the puppies set off to find them. In trying to help, the puppies get caught up in a bank robbery. Meanwhile, Chloe, Papi, Pedro (Papi's adoptive brother) and Delgado are trying to find the puppies when they appear running across the television screen at the site of the bank robbery. They run to the bank to begin searching for the puppies. The puppies happen to crawl into the crooks' duffel bags and end up at Hoffman's Bread Factory. Pedro finds a mask with the scent of bread on it which leads them to the factory.", "They foil the robbery, then return home to find that they have been awarded more than enough money to save their house and Rachel and Aunt Viv have returned. Delgado also goes back into the police force with his two sons, now that they found out the truth on why Delgado left them as pups. Rachel accepts Sam's marriage proposal and the family celebrates. Music. This Is My Paradise. \"This is My Paradise\" is a song performed by American pop recording artist Bridgit Mendler. The song was created by Mendler and produced by Chen Neeman. It was released as a promotional single on January 11, 2011. Critical reception. Sweets Lyrics commented that the song is about summer and the beach, despite it being winter in the United States when it was released. Disney Dreaming said the song was light and fun. Music video. The video of the song was recorded in Beverly Hills, California in November 2010 and directed by Alex Zamm. The video was released on December 19 by Disney Channel, and on YouTube one day later. The video begins with Mendler traveling in an old red and white kombi, leaving Beverly Hills and going to Baja California, Mexico. She sings and writes on the road. After finding her friends, Mendler walks on the beach and plays guitar. They camp by the sun. References. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "2008 American family comedy film\nBeverly Hills Chihuahua is a 2008 American comedy film produced by Walt Disney Pictures, the first in the \"Beverly Hills Chihuahua\" series. It is directed by Raja Gosnell and was released on October 3, 2008. The films stars Piper Perabo, Jamie Lee Curtis and Manolo Cardona as the human leads, and Drew Barrymore, George Lopez and Andy García in voice-over roles. The plot centers on a female Chihuahua named Chloe, who gets dognapped in Mexico and has to escape from an evil Doberman, El Diablo, with help from a lonely German Shepherd, Delgado and a hyperactive male Chihuahua, Papi, who has a desperate crush on her. A sequel, \"Beverly Hills Chihuahua 2\", was released direct-to-DVD on February 1, 2011, and \"\" was released on September 18, 2012. Plot. In Beverly Hills, California, wealthy businesswoman Vivian \"Viv\" Ashe leaves her richly pampered pet chihuahua, Chloe, with her irresponsible niece, Rachel, while she embarks on a business trip for ten days. Papi, the landscaper Sam's pet Chihuahua, has an unrequited crush on Chloe, by which she is disgusted. On a whim, Rachel decides to go to Mexico with her friends and brings Chloe along. When Rachel leaves Chloe alone in the hotel room to go dancing at a club, Chloe goes looking for her, but gets dognapped as she tries to find Rachel and is sent to the dog fights in Mexico City. There, she meets a street-smart German Shepherd named Delgado.", "Rachel comes back to the hotel and is frantic when she finds Chloe missing. Chloe is picked to fight in the pit against El Diablo, a fierce Argentinean-Bolivian Doberman Pinscher. Delgado helps her escape the dog fights, unleashing the other dogs from their cages and unlocking the ring to allow both Chloe and himself to flee. After several arguments, he then decides to return her to Beverly Hills safely. Meanwhile, Rachel and Sam go to the Mexican police and offer rewards in an effort to find Chloe. El Diablo is sent by the dog fight ringleader, Vasquez, to capture Chloe and obtain the reward. Chloe and Delgado split up when Delgado goes to get help to return Chloe to Beverly Hills. While he is gone, Chloe saves a pack rat named Manuel from being eaten by an iguana named Chico. Manuel gratefully offers to take Chloe's collar to a ship for the captain to read it, and Chloe accepts. When Delgado returns and finds out what happened, he explains that it was all a con to steal Chloe's expensive collar, and that in reality, iguanas are vegetarians. The dogs reach the border by train, but they're caught when the conductor wanders back to the place they and the other dogs are hiding. They're forced to jump out, eventually arriving in the barren deserts of Chihuahua, where Delgado explains that he was a former police dog; he was retired after he lost his sense of smell during a raid and a sneak attack from El Diablo." ], "support": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ] }	{ "mapped_id": "3bc6802b-a987-4fca-8105-275e75e77017", "doc_name": "Beverly Hills Chihuahua 2", "doc_chunk": "Beverly Hills Chihuahua 2 is a 2011 American comedy film. It is the sequel to 2008's \"Beverly Hills Chihuahua\" and the second film in the \"Beverly Hills Chihuahua\" series. Directed by Alex Zamm, and starring George Lopez, Odette Yustman and Zachary Gordon, the film focuses on Papi and Chloe, now married with five puppies. The film was released by Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment on February 1, 2011, in a two-disc Blu-ray and DVD combo pack. With the exception of Lopez, none of the actors from the first film reprised their roles. Another sequel, \"\", was released on September 18, 2012. Plot. Two years after the events of the first film, newly married couple Papi (voiced by George Lopez) and Chloe (voiced by Odette Yustman) are trying to keep up with their five puppies Papi Jr, Lala, Rosa, Ali and Pep (voiced by Zachary Gordon, Madison Pettis, Chantilly Spalan, Delaney Jones and Emily Osment) running around the house, creating problem after problem. However, Papi shows a soft side for the pups and occasionally tells them of their ancient ancestors, the Chihuahua Warriors. Aunt Viv (Susan Blakely), Chloe's owner, is in the rain forest for the next 6 months with her niece, Rachel (Erin Cahill) searching for plants for medical research. During this time Sam (Marcus Coloma), Papi's owner and Rachel's boyfriend, is caring for the whole chihuahua family.", "support": 1 }
naturalqa	07eace9c-2b78-4d0e-9858-a8a26501981d	the barkana waterfalls is located in which state	Barkana Falls	[ "state of Karnataka, India" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9676422	1	{ "mapped_id": [ "07eace9c-2b78-4d0e-9858-a8a26501981d", "07eace9c-2b78-4d0e-9858-a8a26501981d", "07eace9c-2b78-4d0e-9858-a8a26501981d", "07eace9c-2b78-4d0e-9858-a8a26501981d", "07eace9c-2b78-4d0e-9858-a8a26501981d" ], "doc_name": [ "Barkana Falls", "Rennan Barkana", "Rennan Barkana", "Falls", "Cascade Falls (Falls Creek)" ], "doc_chunk": [ "The Barkana Falls, formed by Seetha River, is a waterfall located near Agumbe in Shimoga district of state of Karnataka, India and the water falls is among the ten highest waterfalls in India. This water fall region is filled with water only during rainy season. The falls. Barkana Falls is located at a distance of from Agumbe and has a height of about 500 feet and the area is surrounded by a thick forest of Western Ghats. References. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "Israeli theoretical astrophysicist and cosmologist\nRennan Barkana (Hebrew: רנן ברקנא; born October 9, 1973) is an Israeli theoretical astrophysicist and cosmologist who is a full professor at Tel Aviv University, and was formerly the head of the astrophysics department at the School of Physics and Astronomy. He is an expert in the study of the first stars and dark matter. Biography. Rennan Barkana was born in Haifa, Israel. He completed his undergraduate studies in physics and mathematics at the University of Pennsylvania, graduating \"summa cum laude\" in 1993. He completed a Ph.D. in physics at MIT in 1997, at age 23, supervised by Edmund Bertschinger, with a thesis on gravitational lensing as a probe of dark matter and gravitational waves. Barkana held postdoctoral positions at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton (IAS) and the Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics (CITA). He joined the School of Physics and Astronomy at Tel Aviv University in 2001, becoming a full professor in 2015. He was the head of the astrophysics department in 2016-2020. He has been a visiting researcher at institutions including the University of Oxford, Caltech, the University of Tokyo, the Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics (PI), and UC Santa Cruz. Research. Barkana has authored over 100 papers with more than 10,000 citations. His doctoral students include Prof. Smadar Naoz of UCLA and Prof. Anastasia Fialkov of the University of Cambridge.", "His research focuses on the formation and evolution of the first stars, developing models to predict the properties of galaxies with early stars, and studying 21 cm radio waves from hydrogen atoms. Barkana’s work has shown that velocity differences between gas and dark matter caused the first stars to create patterns of large concentrations and star-free regions. He also discovered that the universe warmed later than expected and proposed that dark matter might have cooled the early cosmic gas, suggesting a potential direct detection of dark matter. Personal life. Barkana is married to Riki and has two daughters. He resides in Ramat Gan, plays chess with an American (USCF) rating of 1900, enjoys scuba diving, and has played the violin since childhood. References. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "Falls may refer to:\n<templatestyles src=\"Template:TOC_right/styles.css\" />\nSee also. Topics referred to by the same term\n<templatestyles src=\"Dmbox/styles.css\" />\n This page lists associated with the title .", "Waterfall in North Carolina, United States\nCascade Falls, also called \"The Cascades\", is a waterfall located at E. B. Jeffress Park on the Blue Ridge Parkway in the Blue Ridge Mountains of North Carolina, United States. Geology. The waterfall is located on Falls Creek. It begins with a small free-fall before cascading and sliding down the rock face. The water here eventually ends up in the W. Kerr Scott Reservoir and the Yadkin River. Like many other falls in the northern North Carolina Mountains, the falls are high, but limited in water. Visiting the falls. The falls is located in E. B. Jeffress Park on the Blue Ridge Parkway at milepost 271.9, 4.4 miles north of where U. S. Highway 421 crosses the parkway at Deep Gap. The easy-to-moderate loop trail begins at the north end of the parking area for a total loop of approximately 0.8 mile. The trail, which includes educational material concerning local wildflowers and other plants, such as mountain laurel, descends 50 feet to an upper overlook and another 200 feet to a lower overlook. The upper overlook allows the visitors to see approximately 20 feet of cascades above the overlook and a long slide below the overlook. The lower overlook allows a different view of the slide. The lower section of the falls is no longer accessible from the trail. A scramble path used to be available, but damage to the plant life and the banks of the stream resulted in the construction of a fence to restrict further access and potential injury to both the falls and to visitors. Nearby falls." ], "support": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ] }	{ "mapped_id": "07eace9c-2b78-4d0e-9858-a8a26501981d", "doc_name": "Barkana Falls", "doc_chunk": "The Barkana Falls, formed by Seetha River, is a waterfall located near Agumbe in Shimoga district of state of Karnataka, India and the water falls is among the ten highest waterfalls in India. This water fall region is filled with water only during rainy season. The falls. Barkana Falls is located at a distance of from Agumbe and has a height of about 500 feet and the area is surrounded by a thick forest of Western Ghats. References. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "support": 1 }
naturalqa	423a5f5a-094b-4c22-abef-22b97cf15e85	how many rings does kenny the jet smith have	Kenny Smith	[ "2" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1477632	1	{ "mapped_id": [ "423a5f5a-094b-4c22-abef-22b97cf15e85", "423a5f5a-094b-4c22-abef-22b97cf15e85", "423a5f5a-094b-4c22-abef-22b97cf15e85", "423a5f5a-094b-4c22-abef-22b97cf15e85", "423a5f5a-094b-4c22-abef-22b97cf15e85" ], "doc_name": [ "Kenny Smith", "Kenny Smith", "Kenny Smith", "Kenny Smith", "Kenny Smith" ], "doc_chunk": [ "American basketball player and sports commentator\nKenneth Smith (born March 8, 1965), nicknamed \"the Jet\" is an American sports commentator and former professional basketball player in the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played in the NBA from 1987 to 1997 as a member of the Sacramento Kings, Atlanta Hawks, Houston Rockets, Detroit Pistons, Orlando Magic, and Denver Nuggets. Smith won back-to-back NBA championships with Houston. Smith played college basketball with the North Carolina Tar Heels, earning consensus first-team All-American honors as a senior in 1987. He was selected by Sacramento in the first round of the 1987 NBA draft with the sixth overall pick, and was named to the NBA All-Rookie First Team with the Kings. After retiring from playing, Smith became a basketball commentator for the Emmy Award-winning \"Inside the NBA\" on TNT. He also works as an analyst for CBS/Turner during the NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament. Early life. Smith was born in Brooklyn, a borough of New York City and grew up in Queens, spending time in the LeFrak City neighborhood. He played some of his earliest basketball at New York's Riverside Church and at Stephen A. Halsey Junior High School in Rego Park, Queens. Smith attended Archbishop Molloy High School, where he was coached by Jack Curran, the high school coach with the most wins in New York City and New York State history. Smith was named a McDonald's All-American in 1983, then played basketball at the University of North Carolina for Dean Smith.", "Kenny Smith credits former South Carolina State star Bobby Lewis with his development as a shooter and ballhandler. Lewis averaged 30.9 points per game and was a First Team Division II All-American as a senior at South Carolina State. He later developed the \"Bobby Lewis Basketball Skills Development Program\", a training regimen that he presented at basketball camps around the country. Smith attended several of his lectures while in high school, and continued to use Lewis's drills throughout his basketball career, to this day teaching them at his own basketball camps. Of Lewis, Smith said, \"He's the best lecturer ever. He had the best influence in terms of my workout regimen without question.\" College career. Kenny Smith joined junior Michael Jordan and senior Sam Perkins on a North Carolina team that was a pre-season #1 and finished the season ranked #1 with a 28–3 record. Smith averaged 9.1 points and 5.0 assists per game, and the Tar Heels lost to Indiana in the regional semifinals of the 1984 NCAA tournament. He led North Carolina to the Elite Eight in 1985, losing to eventual national champion Villanova. Smith was named a Consensus All-American (1st Team) as senior in 1987, averaging 16.9 points, 6.1 assists per game while helping North Carolina to return to the Elite Eight. Playing in a game that featured eleven future NBA players, Smith led the Tar Heels with 25 points and seven assists in a loss to Syracuse, 79–75.", "During his career at North Carolina, Smith averaged 12.9 points and 6.0 assists per game, while shooting .512 from the field, and .823 from the free throw line. In 1986–87, the first season the NCAA added three-point field goals, Smith shot .408. As of 2016, he ranks second in school history in total assists (768), fourth in total steals (195), and fifth in assists per game. Smith helped North Carolina to a record of 115–22 from the 1983–84 to 1986–87 seasons, including two Elite Eight appearances (1985 and 1987) and a Sweet Sixteen appearance in 1986. They won the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) regular season conference championships in 1984 and 1987, and tied for first in 1985. North Carolina never finished lower than eighth in the national polls during Smith's four years at the school. International career. Smith represented the United States in the 1986 FIBA World Championship, on a team that included David Robinson, Muggsy Bogues and Steve Kerr: the last to exclusively feature amateur American players. He was second on the team in scoring behind Charles Smith with 14.7 points per game. Smith scored 23 points to lead the US to an 87–85 win and the Gold Medal over a Soviet Union team that featured Arvydas Sabonis. Professional career. Sacramento Kings (1987–1990). The Sacramento Kings selected Smith with the sixth overall pick of the 1987 NBA draft.", "He made his NBA debut for the Kings in their season opener against the Golden State Warriors on November 6, 1987, scoring 11 points with five assists in Sacramento's win. Under head coach Bill Russell (who would step down as coach to become General Manager mid-way through the season), Smith was immediately a starter in Sacramento, and was named to the NBA All-Rookie Team (1st Team) after averaging 13.8 points and 7.1 assists per game his rookie season. Smith began his NBA career playing for Hall of Famer Bill Russell, who was head coach for Kings until he was fired 58 games into the '87-88 season. In 81 starts his second season, Smith averaged 17.3 points, 7.7 assists and 1.3 steals in 38.8 minutes per game. In his third season, he competed in the dunk contest, and made it to the finals of the competition scoring high points for originality with his signature dunk—he started by turning his back to the basket, bouncing the ball backward between his legs and off the backboard, then turning and grabbing it in the air and reverse dunking it. He narrowly lost to Dominique Wilkins—who would become his teammate just days later with the Atlanta Hawks. Atlanta Hawks (1990). Midway through the 1989–90 season, Smith was traded to the Atlanta Hawks in exchange for Antoine Carr. He was a reserve player for the first time in his career, averaging 7.7 points per game while only starting five of thirty-games he played for the Hawks as a backup to team captain Doc Rivers.", "Houston Rockets (1990–1996). After the 1989–90 season, Smith and Roy Marble were traded to the Houston Rockets in exchange for John Lucas and Tim McCormick. In 1990–91 Smith averaged 17.7 points per game while leading the Rockets in assists per game (7.1) and free throw percentage (.844). Despite Hakeem Olajuwon missing 25 games due to injury, Smith helped the Rockets to a 52–30 record, the best regular season in franchise history at the time. He received votes for the NBA Most Valuable Player Award (more than any Rockets teammate including Olajuwon), and finished in third place in Most Improved Player voting. With Olajuwon, Smith's former Sacramento teammate Otis Thorpe and fellow backcourt mate Vernon Maxwell, the Rockets had the foundation for a championship contender. Despite this, Houston started the 1991–92 season only 26–26, and Don Chaney was fired as coach and replaced by former Rocket player Rudy Tomjanovich. The Rockets then went 55–27 in 1992–93, losing to the Seattle SuperSonics in the second round of the playoffs in seven games. Smith helped to force a game seven against Seattle by scoring 30 points, shooting 4–6 from three-point range, in a Game 6 victory for Houston. The Rockets won back-to-back championships in 1993–94 and 1994–95 with Smith as the starting point guard. From the 1992–93 to 1994–95 seasons, Smith averaged 11.7 points and 4.5 assists per game, with a three-point percentage of .425." ], "support": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ] }	{ "mapped_id": "423a5f5a-094b-4c22-abef-22b97cf15e85", "doc_name": "Kenny Smith", "doc_chunk": "Houston Rockets (1990–1996). After the 1989–90 season, Smith and Roy Marble were traded to the Houston Rockets in exchange for John Lucas and Tim McCormick. In 1990–91 Smith averaged 17.7 points per game while leading the Rockets in assists per game (7.1) and free throw percentage (.844). Despite Hakeem Olajuwon missing 25 games due to injury, Smith helped the Rockets to a 52–30 record, the best regular season in franchise history at the time. He received votes for the NBA Most Valuable Player Award (more than any Rockets teammate including Olajuwon), and finished in third place in Most Improved Player voting. With Olajuwon, Smith's former Sacramento teammate Otis Thorpe and fellow backcourt mate Vernon Maxwell, the Rockets had the foundation for a championship contender. Despite this, Houston started the 1991–92 season only 26–26, and Don Chaney was fired as coach and replaced by former Rocket player Rudy Tomjanovich. The Rockets then went 55–27 in 1992–93, losing to the Seattle SuperSonics in the second round of the playoffs in seven games. Smith helped to force a game seven against Seattle by scoring 30 points, shooting 4–6 from three-point range, in a Game 6 victory for Houston. The Rockets won back-to-back championships in 1993–94 and 1994–95 with Smith as the starting point guard. From the 1992–93 to 1994–95 seasons, Smith averaged 11.7 points and 4.5 assists per game, with a three-point percentage of .425.", "support": 1 }
naturalqa	e0d764cc-dc8f-4ef2-baed-7af0d5496c70	how many seasons of young dracula are there	List of Young Dracula episodes	[ "5" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=13889171	2	{ "mapped_id": [ "e0d764cc-dc8f-4ef2-baed-7af0d5496c70", "e0d764cc-dc8f-4ef2-baed-7af0d5496c70", "e0d764cc-dc8f-4ef2-baed-7af0d5496c70", "e0d764cc-dc8f-4ef2-baed-7af0d5496c70", "e0d764cc-dc8f-4ef2-baed-7af0d5496c70" ], "doc_name": [ "List of Young Dracula episodes", "Young Dracula", "Young Dracula", "Young Dracula", "Young Dracula" ], "doc_chunk": [ "This is a list of episodes of the British television series \"Young Dracula\". Notes. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />\nReferences. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "British teenage horror drama television series\nYoung Dracula is a British children's horror drama comedy television series which aired on CBBC, loosely based on \"Young Dracula\", a 2002 children's book by Michael Lawrence. It is also based on the epistolary novel \"Dracula\", written by Bram Stoker and published in 1897. The first two series follow the Dracula family, a family of vampires: Vladimir (Vlad), his father Count Dracula, and sister Ingrid. Having lived in Transylvania, they move to Stokely, a small town in Wales after various incidents involving angry peasant mobs. It was filmed in various locations around Wales, including Ysgol Gyfun Gymraeg Glantaf, Caerphilly Castle, Tretower Court and parts of Llantrisant. Directed by Joss Agnew, the first series was broadcast in 2006 and the second series, which started in late 2007, concluded in early 2008. The third series, commissioned three years after the second, sees Vlad and the Count flee both vampires and slayers, while the Count is determined that Vlad should fulfil his destiny to become \"The Chosen One\". This series was filmed in Liverpool during 2011, in various locations including the disused Margaret Bevan School, Croxteth Hall and Stanley Docks. It began airing on 31 October 2011. The fourth series follows on from season three's predicament and had a new director, airing on 29 October 2012. \"Young Dracula\" was renewed for a fifth and final series in 2013, with filming beginning in April.", "The hour long finale, \"The Darkest Hour\", aired on 31 March 2014. \"Young Dracula\" was nominated for Best Children's Drama in the 2008 BAFTA Awards and has been nominated for several other awards. An additional series, the \"Young Dracula Files\", began broadcasting on 24 October 2012, in which the main characters tell their stories of the past. It was primarily hosted by the character Bertrand Du Fortunesa, played by Cesare Taurasi. Characters. Main. Series 1\nAfter their father bit too many residents in their own Transylvania, Vladimir and Ingrid Dracula were compelled to move to Britain. For Vlad, it is a realisation of a dream and a step closer to the normal world that he so desperately wants. Keeping his family's secret will be a full-time job though, what with a bloodsucking father, a talking wolf, a servant who smells like mouse droppings, and a vampire sister. Fortunately for Vlad, Robin Branaugh proves to be a reliable friend and ally. Robin wishes he did, but he doesn't reside in a castle. He is not required to wear a cloak, yet he does. Series 2\nCount Dracula is aware that slayers exist in Stokely as a result of the events at the Hunt Ball. Vlad must take all necessary measures to thwart his father's search for them. The appearance of Ivan, the Count's American brother, and Boris and Olga, Vlad and Ingrid's relatives, complicates matters further. Boris, his cousin, is set to complete his change.", "Series 3\nThe third season of the show picks up four years after the conclusion of series 2, when Ingrid gained control of the Dracula castle and vowed retribution on Stokely for killing her boyfriend Will. Since then, the Count and Vlad have escaped, and while Ingrid also makes a comeback, they decide to buy a school to hide from the slayers and vampires that are pursuing them. As opposed to the first two series, the plot in this one is not entirely focused on Vlad. The Count, Renfield, and Wolfie (the son of Magda and Patrick from an earlier series) are involved in further subplots. The balance of power has also altered; despite the fact that the Count is Vlad's regent and so has authority over him, Vlad is now more inclined to challenge his father. Ingrid, on the other hand, is depicted as being more inclined to cooperate with the Count, and the two appear to have reached a tense ceasefire. For the majority of the series, Bertram disagrees with Vlad because he thinks Vlad should concentrate solely on his duty as the chosen one and is critical of his connection with Erin. Production\nThe television show left Wales and began shooting in and around Liverpool. The week of 9 May 2011, saw the start of the series' rehearsals, and the following week saw the start of its three-month filming schedule. The shooting was completed in August. On 31 October, the recently edited series was made available. Series 4\nThe fourth season consists of 13 episodes total, with each one lasting roughly 30 minutes.", "Filming started in mid-April 2012, taking place in Liverpool, and the first episode aired on Monday, 29 October. Series 5\nTwo months after the conclusion of series 4, Vlad, who is nearly eighteen, has returned from recent trips. He has learned what his father has been keeping a secret from him for the past 18 years. Ingrid has at last been elected to the High Council, but she is having trouble embracing her new position as Minister of Catering. Although her wicked intentions are yet unknown, it seems that she is attempting to depose Morgan. Ingrid has changed how she uses technology to compete with her rivals. With Asan's assistance, Malik is back to protect his family from the Shadow Warriors. Main characters\nVladimir \"Vlad\" Dracula\nVladimir \"Vlad\" Dracula is the son of Count Dracula and Sally Giles, the maternal elder half-brother of Georgina Giles, and the ex-sex partner of Erin. He is Ingrid Dracula's paternal younger half-brother. He is the Dracula throne's Chosen One and the next in line. Ingrid Dracula\nThe oldest child of Count Dracula and Magda Westernra is Ingrid Dracula. She consistently exhibits a desire for her father's and brother's abilities throughout the entire series. She joined the Vampire High Council in season four, earning the enormous power she had always desired." ], "support": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 1 ] }	{ "mapped_id": "e0d764cc-dc8f-4ef2-baed-7af0d5496c70", "doc_name": "Young Dracula", "doc_chunk": "British teenage horror drama television series\nYoung Dracula is a British children's horror drama comedy television series which aired on CBBC, loosely based on \"Young Dracula\", a 2002 children's book by Michael Lawrence. It is also based on the epistolary novel \"Dracula\", written by Bram Stoker and published in 1897. The first two series follow the Dracula family, a family of vampires: Vladimir (Vlad), his father Count Dracula, and sister Ingrid. Having lived in Transylvania, they move to Stokely, a small town in Wales after various incidents involving angry peasant mobs. It was filmed in various locations around Wales, including Ysgol Gyfun Gymraeg Glantaf, Caerphilly Castle, Tretower Court and parts of Llantrisant. Directed by Joss Agnew, the first series was broadcast in 2006 and the second series, which started in late 2007, concluded in early 2008. The third series, commissioned three years after the second, sees Vlad and the Count flee both vampires and slayers, while the Count is determined that Vlad should fulfil his destiny to become \"The Chosen One\". This series was filmed in Liverpool during 2011, in various locations including the disused Margaret Bevan School, Croxteth Hall and Stanley Docks. It began airing on 31 October 2011. The fourth series follows on from season three's predicament and had a new director, airing on 29 October 2012. \"Young Dracula\" was renewed for a fifth and final series in 2013, with filming beginning in April.", "support": 1 }
naturalqa	5b186405-1f78-48b6-b2fc-b0089959f350	who's the captain of the new jersey devils	Andy Greene	[ "Andrew Greene" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9822416	1	{ "mapped_id": [ "5b186405-1f78-48b6-b2fc-b0089959f350", "5b186405-1f78-48b6-b2fc-b0089959f350", "5b186405-1f78-48b6-b2fc-b0089959f350", "5b186405-1f78-48b6-b2fc-b0089959f350", "5b186405-1f78-48b6-b2fc-b0089959f350" ], "doc_name": [ "Andy Greene", "Andy Greene", "Andy Greene", "Greene and Greene", "Greene and Greene" ], "doc_chunk": [ "American ice hockey player (born 1982)\nAndrew Greene (born October 30, 1982) is an American former professional ice hockey defenseman who played sixteen seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL), primarily for the New Jersey Devils, with whom he served as team captain. Playing career. College. Greene attended and played hockey at Miami University for the RedHawks men's ice hockey team. He was signed as an undrafted NHL free agent by the New Jersey Devils in 2006 and was assigned to the team's American Hockey League (AHL) affiliate, Lowell Devils, after New Jersey's training camp. He excelled at the AHL level, making the PlanetUSA All-Star Team. New Jersey Devils. During his rookie professional season in 2006–07, Greene was called-up to the NHL for a short stint to replace the injured Johnny Oduya. Though Greene played well and showed considerable promise, he was reassigned to Lowell upon Oduya's return. Later in the season, he was again recalled when Colin White was injured. When the 2007 Stanley Cup playoffs began, the NHL salary cap no longer applied, allowing the Devils to add Greene to their permanent roster. With the return of injured defenseman Richard Matvichuk, it appeared as though Greene would sit. However, an injury to Colin White allowed Greene to remain on the roster. During this period, Greene played so well that, upon White's return, Oduya was scratched instead of Greene. On July 1, 2011, Greene signed a new four-year, $14 million contract with the Devils.", "On July 30, 2014, Greene signed a new five-year, $25 million contract with the Devils. Before the start of the 2015–16 season, Greene was named the Devils' captain, following the retirement of incumbent captain Bryce Salvador. The following season, Greene injured his hand in a game against the Carolina Hurricanes, resulting in him losing his streak of 350 consecutive NHL games played. His streak was the third-longest in Devils history, behind those of Travis Zajac and Ken Daneyko. At the conclusion of the season, Greene was the Devils' nominee for the Bill Masterton Memorial Trophy, awarded annually to the NHL player who best shows perseverance, sportsmanship and dedication to hockey. New York Islanders and retirement. During the 2019–20 season, on February 16, 2020, Greene was traded to the New York Islanders in exchange for David Quenneville and a 2021 second-round pick. The move came following 14 seasons with the club. The trade reunited Greene with Islanders general manager Lou Lamoriello, who was general manager of the Devils in 2006 when Greene signed with the club. Greene scored his first playoff goal in 10 years during the Islanders' second round series against the Philadelphia Flyers. His previous playoff goal was in 2010, also against the Flyers. On January 11, 2021, Greene was signed to a reported one-year, $700,000 extension with the Islanders. On November 16, 2021, Greene played his 1000th NHL game.", "After going unsigned in the 2022–23 offseason, Greene announced his retirement on October 12, 2022, signing a one-day contract to retire with the Devils. Personal life. Greene has three older brothers, David, Matt, and Shawn, all of whom played hockey. Greene was born prematurely on the way to his brother's hockey game. Greene and his wife Rachel have two sons, Colton and Maddox. During the off-season, Greene returns to his hometown and organizes a hockey skills school called Andy Greene Hockey School. Greene's former high school, Trenton High School, officially retired his number in 2012. Greene holds a degree in education from Miami University. In 2019, he was inducted into the Miami Athletics Hall of Fame. References. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "Architectural firm\nGreene and Greene was an architectural firm established by brothers Charles Sumner Greene (1868–1957) and Henry Mather Greene (January 23, 1870 – October 2, 1954), influential early 20th Century American architects. Active primarily in California, their houses and larger-scale ultimate bungalows are prime exemplars of the American Arts and Crafts Movement. Biographies. Charles Sumner and Henry Mather Greene were born in Brighton, Ohio, in 1868 and 1870, respectively. They grew up primarily in St. Louis, Missouri, and on their mother's family farm in West Virginia while their father attended medical school. As teenagers, the brothers studied at the Manual Training School of Washington University in St. Louis, where they studied metal- and woodworking and graduated in 1887–1888. Their father, a practicing homeopathic physician by this time, was very concerned with the need for sunlight and circulating fresh air; the importance of these elements was to become one of the signatures of the brothers' work. Charles and Henry each received a \"certificate for completion of partial course\", a special two-year program at MIT's School of Architecture, in 1891. They studied classical building styles, intending at that time only to gain certification for apprenticeships with architecture and construction firms upon graduation. After MIT in spring 1890, Charles apprenticed first with the firm of Andrews, Jaques and Rantoul; but after four and a half months, moved to the office of R. Clipston Sturgis.", "By March 1891, he had moved again to work with Herbert Langford Warren; and by the following November, he had changed again to the firm of Winslow and Wetherell. He would stay there until the two brothers departed to join their parents in Pasadena, California. Henry apprenticed first with the firm of Chamberlin & Austin and then briefly went to work with Shepley, Rutan and Coolidge. All the firms the brothers worked for were located in Boston, Massachusetts. In 1893 their parents requested that the sons move to Pasadena, where they had moved a year before. The brothers agreed and, while traveling by train from Boston, they stopped at the World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago and saw a few examples of Japanese architecture. This experience made a lasting impression on both of them, according to a late-in-life interview with Henry. There was actually very little Japanese influence upon their work until after Charles visited the 1904 Louisiana Purchase Exposition in St. Louis. In 1901 Charles Greene married Alice Gordon White, and they honeymooned in Europe and her native England. Practice. The architectural firm of Greene and Greene was established in Pasadena in January 1894, eventually culminating with the designs of their \"ultimate bungalows\", such as the 1908 Gamble House in Pasadena, generally considered one of the finest examples of residential architecture in the United States. In 1966, the Gamble family turned the house over to the city of Pasadena in a joint agreement with the University of Southern California (USC) School of Architecture. The Gamble House was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1977." ], "support": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ] }	{ "mapped_id": "5b186405-1f78-48b6-b2fc-b0089959f350", "doc_name": "Andy Greene", "doc_chunk": "American ice hockey player (born 1982)\nAndrew Greene (born October 30, 1982) is an American former professional ice hockey defenseman who played sixteen seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL), primarily for the New Jersey Devils, with whom he served as team captain. Playing career. College. Greene attended and played hockey at Miami University for the RedHawks men's ice hockey team. He was signed as an undrafted NHL free agent by the New Jersey Devils in 2006 and was assigned to the team's American Hockey League (AHL) affiliate, Lowell Devils, after New Jersey's training camp. He excelled at the AHL level, making the PlanetUSA All-Star Team. New Jersey Devils. During his rookie professional season in 2006–07, Greene was called-up to the NHL for a short stint to replace the injured Johnny Oduya. Though Greene played well and showed considerable promise, he was reassigned to Lowell upon Oduya's return. Later in the season, he was again recalled when Colin White was injured. When the 2007 Stanley Cup playoffs began, the NHL salary cap no longer applied, allowing the Devils to add Greene to their permanent roster. With the return of injured defenseman Richard Matvichuk, it appeared as though Greene would sit. However, an injury to Colin White allowed Greene to remain on the roster. During this period, Greene played so well that, upon White's return, Oduya was scratched instead of Greene. On July 1, 2011, Greene signed a new four-year, $14 million contract with the Devils.", "support": 1 }
naturalqa	85313a78-700a-4773-aed0-25ea0b6f74a2	where did andy sail to in the office	The Boat (The Office)	[ "the Caribbean" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=37406809	1	{ "mapped_id": [ "85313a78-700a-4773-aed0-25ea0b6f74a2", "85313a78-700a-4773-aed0-25ea0b6f74a2", "85313a78-700a-4773-aed0-25ea0b6f74a2", "85313a78-700a-4773-aed0-25ea0b6f74a2", "85313a78-700a-4773-aed0-25ea0b6f74a2" ], "doc_name": [ "The Boat (The Office)", "The Boat (The Office)", "The Boat (The Office)", "The Boat (The Office)", "The Boat (The Office)" ], "doc_chunk": [ "\"The Boat\" is the sixth episode of the ninth season of the American comedy television series \"The Office\" and the 182nd episode overall. The episode originally aired on NBC on November 8, 2012. It guest stars Josh Groban as Andy's brother Walter. The series depicts the everyday lives of office employees in the Scranton, Pennsylvania branch of the fictional Dunder Mifflin Paper Company. In the episode, Andy Bernard (Ed Helms) must help his family when his dad loses all of their money, Dwight Schrute (Rainn Wilson) is pranked into thinking he is a guest on a radio show, and Kevin Malone (Brian Baumgartner) learns of Oscar Martinez's (Oscar Nunez) affair with Angela Martin's husband. \"The Boat\" received positive reviews from television critics. The episode was also viewed by 4.83 million viewers and received a 2.4/6 percent rating among adults between the ages of 18 and 49, ranking third in its timeslot, making it the highest-rated episode of the season at the time of its airing. The episode ultimately ranked as the second-highest rated NBC series of the night, after \"The Voice\". Synopsis. Andy Bernard learns that his father took all the family money and fled to Argentina with his mistress. Left to pick up the pieces, Andy reacts with surprising maturity and sells off family heirlooms, and is upset that he has to sell the family boat for lack of any other means for his mother to support herself.", "Andy explains that his father never let him sail the boat, even during his adulthood, and doesn't want to sell it before sailing it once. Erin Hannon convinces him that before he sells the boat, they should take it out for one last sunset cruise, and they drive to Stamford, Connecticut, where the boat is docked. Andy starts to hoist the main sail, but is stopped by a broker who is to sail it to the Caribbean for the buyer. With Erin's encouragement, Andy decides to take the boat to the Caribbean himself. He then finds his drunken brother Walter passed out in the liquor closet. Walter tells Andy he wanted to get the first relapse out of the way before checking into rehab. Andy invites him on the trip, saying they both need family time together and leaves, thanking Erin for her encouragement. Erin says to the camera that she would have loved to go with him if he asked. Back in the office that evening, Pete Miller asks Erin to join him for drinks, and she accepts. A local radio show schedules an interview with Dwight Schrute to discuss Dunder Mifflin, but, unbeknown to Dwight, the interview is later canceled. Jim Halpert suggests they all use this to their advantage, and stage an interview for Dwight's benefit. Dwight believes he is talking to the interviewer through the phone in the break room, but is actually talking to Nellie Bertram who is using an American accent.", "After tricking him into stripping to his underwear, they trick him into believing that there is a scandal involving Dunder Mifflin paper becoming toxic when exposed to oxygen, and Jim even comes in to warn him that \"the stock price is plummeting\" because of Dwight's interview. Dwight shifts the blame to CEO David Wallace, and they convince him that David has become disturbed and has taken a mailman hostage. Dwight calls David and tries to talk him into surrendering to the police and letting the mailman go. David is confused but nonetheless responds in a way that leads Dwight to believe he was successful. He emerges from the break room and is greeted by a round of applause from his coworkers. Pleased, Dwight remarks that the interview went \"pretty much the way [he] expected\". Kevin Malone overhears Oscar Martinez confessing to the camera that he is having an affair with Angela's husband Robert Lipton. Oscar makes Kevin promise not to reveal anything. During the day, Angela constantly makes unconscious double entendres and foreshadowing, sorely tempting Kevin to let out what he knows. Afraid that Kevin cannot keep his secret, Oscar tries to frame Kevin so that Toby Flenderson will have him fired, but later confesses to Toby that he lied. Later, Robert visits the office, and Oscar acts unnaturally nervous around him. Before Angela's suspicions can be aroused, Kevin interrupts to cheer Robert on about his upcoming election.", "Oscar says to the camera that he is proud of how Kevin kept the secret, but Kevin then reveals that he momentarily forgot all about the secret, and begins to laugh uncontrollably that Angela's life \"is a complete sham.\" Production. \"The Boat\" was written by executive producer Dan Sterling, his first credit for the series. He was hired before production on the ninth season started as executive producer, to replace Mindy Kaling, who departed full-time involvement on the series following the eighth season. The episode was also directed by series cast member John Krasinski, his third directing credit for the series after the sixth season episode \"Sabre\" and the eighth-season episode, \"Lotto\". The episode features the return of Andy's brother, Walter Jr., played by Josh Groban, who is now a drunk. He previously appeared in the eighth season episode, \"Garden Party\". The episode also guest stars Andy Buckley in voice only. Buckley portrayed David Wallace, the CFO of Dunder Mifflin from seasons two to six. He was recently brought back on board near the end of season eight. Following this episode, Ed Helms was written out of several episodes, in order to film \"The Hangover Part III\". The official website of \"The Office\" included several cut scenes from \"The Boat\" within a week of the episode's release.", "In the first 57-second clip, Dwight gets mad when Jim is called a superior salesman and when Nellie claims beet farmers and \"Battlestar Galactica\" fans have low IQ levels, during the radio show prank. In the second 53-second clip, Erin goes through several attempts to cheer up Andy. In the third 37-second clip, more scenes from the false hostage situation are seen. Cultural references. Dwight claims that the radio is using gotcha journalism. In order to cover up for Oscar, Kevin starts chanting \"U-S-A! \", a popular Olympic chant. When Oscar admits that he lied to Toby, Toby goes on a tangential rant about the Scranton Strangler, a reference to a minor plot development that occurred during the show's sixth and seventh seasons. Broadcast and reception. Ratings. \"The Boat\" was originally scheduled to air on NBC on November 1, 2012, but was replaced with a rerun of \"The Voice\". NBC claimed it was for those affected by Hurricane Sandy, however the schedule change happened nationwide. It eventually aired a week later, on November 8, 2012. In its original broadcast, \"The Boat\" was viewed by an estimated 4.83 million viewers and received a 2.4 rating/6 percent share among adults between the ages of 18 and 49. This means that it was seen by 2.4 percent of all 18- to 49-year-olds, and 6 percent of all 18- to 49-year-olds watching television at the time of the broadcast." ], "support": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ] }	{ "mapped_id": "85313a78-700a-4773-aed0-25ea0b6f74a2", "doc_name": "The Boat (The Office)", "doc_chunk": "Andy explains that his father never let him sail the boat, even during his adulthood, and doesn't want to sell it before sailing it once. Erin Hannon convinces him that before he sells the boat, they should take it out for one last sunset cruise, and they drive to Stamford, Connecticut, where the boat is docked. Andy starts to hoist the main sail, but is stopped by a broker who is to sail it to the Caribbean for the buyer. With Erin's encouragement, Andy decides to take the boat to the Caribbean himself. He then finds his drunken brother Walter passed out in the liquor closet. Walter tells Andy he wanted to get the first relapse out of the way before checking into rehab. Andy invites him on the trip, saying they both need family time together and leaves, thanking Erin for her encouragement. Erin says to the camera that she would have loved to go with him if he asked. Back in the office that evening, Pete Miller asks Erin to join him for drinks, and she accepts. A local radio show schedules an interview with Dwight Schrute to discuss Dunder Mifflin, but, unbeknown to Dwight, the interview is later canceled. Jim Halpert suggests they all use this to their advantage, and stage an interview for Dwight's benefit. Dwight believes he is talking to the interviewer through the phone in the break room, but is actually talking to Nellie Bertram who is using an American accent.", "support": 1 }
naturalqa	a5bba2af-54ce-4c07-9e82-d5363bb06630	who is credited with bringing intelligence testing to the united states	Henry H. Goddard	[ "Henry Herbert Goddard" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=724031	1	{ "mapped_id": [ "a5bba2af-54ce-4c07-9e82-d5363bb06630", "a5bba2af-54ce-4c07-9e82-d5363bb06630", "a5bba2af-54ce-4c07-9e82-d5363bb06630", "a5bba2af-54ce-4c07-9e82-d5363bb06630", "a5bba2af-54ce-4c07-9e82-d5363bb06630" ], "doc_name": [ "Henry H. Goddard", "Henry H. Goddard", "Henry H. Goddard", "Henry H. Goddard", "Henry H. Goddard" ], "doc_chunk": [ "American psychologist and eugenicist (1866–1957)\nHenry Herbert Goddard (August 14, 1866 – June 18, 1957) was an American psychologist, eugenicist, and segregationist during the early 20th century. He is known especially for his 1912 work \"The Kallikak Family: A Study in the Heredity of Feeble-Mindedness\", which he himself came to regard as flawed for its ahistoric depiction of the titular family, and for translating the Binet-Simon Intelligence Test into English in 1908 and distributing an estimated 22,000 copies of the translated test across the United States. He also introduced the term \"moron\" for clinical use. He was the main advocate for the use of intelligence testing in societal institutions including hospitals, schools, the legal system and the military. He helped develop the new topic of clinical psychology, in 1911 helped to write the first U.S. law requiring that blind, deaf and intellectually disabled children be provided special education within public school systems, and in 1914 became the first American psychologist to testify in court that subnormal intelligence should limit the criminal responsibility of defendants. Early life. Goddard was born in Vassalboro, Maine, the fifth and youngest child and only son of farmer Henry Clay Goddard and his wife, Sarah Winslow Goddard, who were devout Quakers. (Two of his sisters died in infancy.) His father was gored by a bull when the younger Goddard was a small child, and he eventually lost his farm and had to work as a farmhand; he died of his lingering injuries when the boy was nine years old.", "The younger Goddard went to live with his married sister for a brief time but in 1877 was enrolled at the Oak Grove Seminary, a boarding school in Vassalboro. During this period, Sarah Goddard began a new career as a traveling Quaker preacher; she married missionary Jehu Newlin in 1884, and the couple regularly traveled throughout the United States and Europe. In 1878, Henry Goddard became a student at the Moses Brown School in Providence, Rhode Island. During his youth he began an enduring friendship with Rufus Jones, who would later co-found (in 1917) the American Friends Service Committee, which received the 1947 Nobel Peace Prize. In 1883 Goddard entered Haverford College, where he played on the football team, graduating in 1887. He adjourned his studies for a year to teach in Winthrop, Maine, from 1885 to 1886. After graduating, he traveled to California to visit one of his sisters, stopping en route in Los Angeles to present some letters of introduction at the University of Southern California, which had been established just seven years earlier. After seeking jobs in the Oakland area for several weeks, he was surprised to receive an offer of a temporary position at USC, and there he taught Latin, history and botany. He also served as co-coach (with Frank Suffel) of the first USC football team in 1888, with the team winning both of its games against a local athletic club. But he departed immediately thereafter, returning to Haverford to earn his master's degree in mathematics in 1889.", "From 1889 to 1891, he became principal of the Damascus Academy, a Quaker school in Damascus, Ohio, where he also taught several subjects and conducted chapel services and prayer meetings. On August 7, 1889, he married Emma Florence Robbins, who became one of the two other teachers at the academy. In 1891 he returned to teach at the Oak Grove Seminary in Vassalboro, becoming principal in 1893. He enrolled in 1896 at Clark University, intending to study only briefly, but he remained three years and received his doctorate in psychology in 1899. He then taught at the State Normal School in West Chester, Pennsylvania until 1906. Vineland. From 1906 to 1918, Goddard was the Director of Research at the Vineland Training School for Feeble-Minded Girls and Boys in Vineland, New Jersey, which was the first known laboratory established to study intellectual disability. While there, he is quoted as stating: \"Democracy, then, means that the people rule by \"selecting\" the wisest, most intelligent and most human to tell them what to do to be happy.\" [Italics are Goddard's.] At the May 18, 1910, annual meeting of the American Association for the Study of the Feeble-Minded, Goddard proposed definitions for a system for classifying individuals with intellectual disability based on intelligence quotient (IQ). Goddard used the terms moron for those with an IQ of 51–70, imbecile for those with an IQ of 26–50, and idiot for those with an IQ of 0-25 for categories of increasing impairment. This nomenclature was standard for decades.", "A moron, by his definition, was any adult with a mental age between eight and twelve. Morons, according to Goddard, were unfit for society and should be removed from society either through institutionalization, sterilization, or both. Goddard's best-known work, \"The Kallikak Family\", was published in 1912. He had studied the background of several local groups of people that were somewhat distantly related and concluded that they were all descended from a single Revolutionary War soldier. Martin Kallikak (a pseudonym) first married a Quaker woman. All of the children who came from this relationship were \"wholesome\" and had no signs of intellectual disability. Later, it was discovered that Kallikak had had an affair with a \"nameless feeble-minded woman\". The result of this union resulted in generations of criminals. Goddard termed this generation \"a race of defective degenerates\". While the book rapidly became a success and was considered for making into a Broadway play, his research methods were soon questioned; within ten years he came to agree with the critics and no longer endorsed his conclusions. It is now accepted that Goddard in fact fabricated the Kallikak data, rendering his conclusions unproven and highly dubious. Goddard was a strong advocate of eugenics. Although he believed that \"feeble-minded\" people bearing children was inadvisable, he hesitated to promote compulsory sterilization – even though he was convinced that it would eliminate intellectual disability – because he did not think such a plan could gain widespread acceptance.", "Instead, he suggested that colonies should be established where the \"feeble-minded\" could be segregated. Goddard established an intelligence testing program on Ellis Island in 1913. The purpose of the program was to identify \"feeble-minded\" persons whose nature was not obvious to the subjective judgement of immigration officers, who had previously made these judgments without the aid of tests. When he published the results in 1917, Goddard stated that his results only applied to immigrants traveling steerage and did not apply to people traveling in first or second class. He also noted that the population he studied had been preselected, omitting those who were either \"obviously normal\" or \"obviously feeble-minded\", and stated that he made \"no attempt to determine the percentage of feeble-minded among immigrants in general or even of the special groups named – the Jews, Hungarians, Italians, and Russians\"; however, he immediately followed this up by stating that \"the figures would only need to be revised (reduced) by a relatively small amount\" because \"[very obviously high-grade intelligent immigrants] were so small a part of the group [of Ellis Island immigrants] that they did not noticeably affect the character of the group.\" The program found an estimated 80% of the population of immigrants studied were \"feeble-minded\". Goddard and his associates tested a group of 35 Jewish, 22 Hungarian, 50 Italian, and 45 Russian immigrants who had been identified as \"representative of their respective groups\"." ], "support": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ] }	{ "mapped_id": "a5bba2af-54ce-4c07-9e82-d5363bb06630", "doc_name": "Henry H. Goddard", "doc_chunk": "American psychologist and eugenicist (1866–1957)\nHenry Herbert Goddard (August 14, 1866 – June 18, 1957) was an American psychologist, eugenicist, and segregationist during the early 20th century. He is known especially for his 1912 work \"The Kallikak Family: A Study in the Heredity of Feeble-Mindedness\", which he himself came to regard as flawed for its ahistoric depiction of the titular family, and for translating the Binet-Simon Intelligence Test into English in 1908 and distributing an estimated 22,000 copies of the translated test across the United States. He also introduced the term \"moron\" for clinical use. He was the main advocate for the use of intelligence testing in societal institutions including hospitals, schools, the legal system and the military. He helped develop the new topic of clinical psychology, in 1911 helped to write the first U.S. law requiring that blind, deaf and intellectually disabled children be provided special education within public school systems, and in 1914 became the first American psychologist to testify in court that subnormal intelligence should limit the criminal responsibility of defendants. Early life. Goddard was born in Vassalboro, Maine, the fifth and youngest child and only son of farmer Henry Clay Goddard and his wife, Sarah Winslow Goddard, who were devout Quakers. (Two of his sisters died in infancy.) His father was gored by a bull when the younger Goddard was a small child, and he eventually lost his farm and had to work as a farmhand; he died of his lingering injuries when the boy was nine years old.", "support": 1 }
naturalqa	7f4213a0-7f5e-478f-8aff-e6e935c632b6	give an example of an application use of thermal death time	Thermal death time	[ "producing salmonella-free feeds for animals" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=7725229	1	{ "mapped_id": [ "7f4213a0-7f5e-478f-8aff-e6e935c632b6", "7f4213a0-7f5e-478f-8aff-e6e935c632b6", "7f4213a0-7f5e-478f-8aff-e6e935c632b6", "7f4213a0-7f5e-478f-8aff-e6e935c632b6", "7f4213a0-7f5e-478f-8aff-e6e935c632b6" ], "doc_name": [ "Thermal death time", "Thermal death time", "Thermal death time", "Thermal death time", "Thermal time" ], "doc_chunk": [ "Thermal death time is how long it takes to kill a specific bacterium at a specific temperature. It was originally developed for food canning and has found applications in cosmetics, producing salmonella-free feeds for animals (e.g. poultry) and pharmaceuticals. History. In 1895, William Lyman Underwood of the Underwood Canning Company, a food company founded in 1822 at Boston, Massachusetts and later relocated to Watertown, Massachusetts, approached William Thompson Sedgwick, chair of the biology department at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, about losses his company was suffering due to swollen and burst cans despite the newest retort technology available. Sedgwick gave his assistant, Samuel Cate Prescott, a detailed assignment on what needed to be done. Prescott and Underwood worked on the problem every afternoon from late 1895 to late 1896, focusing on canned clams. They first discovered that the clams contained heat-resistant bacterial spores that were able to survive the processing; then that these spores' presence depended on the clams' living environment; and finally that these spores would be killed if processed at 250 ˚F (121 ˚C) for ten minutes in a retort. These studies prompted the similar research of canned lobster, sardines, peas, tomatoes, corn, and spinach. Prescott and Underwood's work was first published in late 1896, with further papers appearing from 1897 to 1926. This research, though important to the growth of food technology, was never patented. It would pave the way for thermal death time research that was pioneered by Bigelow and C. Olin Ball from 1921 to 1936 at the National Canners Association (NCA).", "Bigelow and Ball's research focused on the thermal death time of \"Clostridium botulinum\" (\"C. botulinum\") that was determined in the early 1920s. Research continued with inoculated canning pack studies that were published by the NCA in 1968. Mathematical formulas. Thermal death time can be determined one of two ways: 1) by using graphs or 2) by using mathematical formulas. Graphical method. This is usually expressed in minutes at the temperature of . This is designated as \"F\"0. Each 18 °F or 10 °C change results in a time change by a factor of 10. This would be shown either as F10121 = 10 minutes (Celsius) or F18250 = 10 minutes (Fahrenheit). A lethal ratio (\"L\") is also a sterilizing effect at 1 minute at other temperatures with (\"T\"). formula_1\nwhere \"T\"Ref is the reference temperature, usually ; \"z\" is the z-value, and \"T\" is the slowest heat point of the product temperature. Formula method. Prior to the advent of computers, this was plotted on semilogarithmic paper though it can also be done on spreadsheet programs. The time would be shown on the x-axis while the temperature would be shown on the \"y\"-axis. This simple heating curve can also determine the lag factor (\"j\") and the slope (\"f\"\"h\"). It also measures the product temperature rather than the can temperature.", "formula_2\nwhere \"I\" = RT (Retort Temperature) − IT (Initial Temperature) and where \"j\" is constant for a given product. It is also determined in the equation shown below:\nformula_3\nwhere \"g\" is the number of degrees below the retort temperature on a simple heating curve at the end of the heating period, \"B\"\"B\" is the time in minutes from the beginning of the process to the end of the heating period, and \"f\"\"h\" is the time in minutes required for the straight-line portion of the heating curve plotted semilogarithmically on paper or a computer spreadsheet to pass through a log cycle. A broken heating curve is also used in this method when dealing with different products in the same process such as chicken noodle soup in having to dealing with the meat and the noodles having different cooking times as an example. It is more complex than the simple heating curve for processing. Applications. In the food industry, it is important to reduce the number of microbes in products to ensure proper food safety. This is usually done by thermal processing and finding ways to reduce the number of bacteria in the product. Time-temperature measurements of bacterial reduction is determined by a D-value, meaning how long it would take to reduce the bacterial population by 90% or one log10 at a given temperature. This D-value reference (DR) point is .", "\"z\" or z-value is used to determine the time values with different \"D\"-values at different temperatures with its equation shown below:\nformula_4\nwhere \"T\" is temperature in °F or °C. This \"D\"-value is affected by pH of the product where low pH has faster \"D\" values on various foods. The \"D\"-value at an unknown temperature can be calculated knowing the \"D\"-value at a given temperature provided the \"Z\"-value is known. The target of reduction in canning is the 12-\"D\" reduction of \"C. botulinum,\" which means that processing time will reduce the amount of this bacteria by a factor of 1012. The DR for \"C. botulinum\" is 0.21 minute (12.6 seconds). A 12-D reduction will take 2.52 minutes (151 seconds). This is taught in university courses in food science and microbiology and is applicable to cosmetic and pharmaceutical manufacturing. In 2001, the Purdue University Computer Integrated Food Manufacturing Center and Pilot Plant put Ball's formula online for use.", "Thermal time may refer to:\nTopics referred to by the same term\n<templatestyles src=\"Dmbox/styles.css\" />\n This page lists associated with the title ." ], "support": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ] }	{ "mapped_id": "7f4213a0-7f5e-478f-8aff-e6e935c632b6", "doc_name": "Thermal death time", "doc_chunk": "Thermal death time is how long it takes to kill a specific bacterium at a specific temperature. It was originally developed for food canning and has found applications in cosmetics, producing salmonella-free feeds for animals (e.g. poultry) and pharmaceuticals. History. In 1895, William Lyman Underwood of the Underwood Canning Company, a food company founded in 1822 at Boston, Massachusetts and later relocated to Watertown, Massachusetts, approached William Thompson Sedgwick, chair of the biology department at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, about losses his company was suffering due to swollen and burst cans despite the newest retort technology available. Sedgwick gave his assistant, Samuel Cate Prescott, a detailed assignment on what needed to be done. Prescott and Underwood worked on the problem every afternoon from late 1895 to late 1896, focusing on canned clams. They first discovered that the clams contained heat-resistant bacterial spores that were able to survive the processing; then that these spores' presence depended on the clams' living environment; and finally that these spores would be killed if processed at 250 ˚F (121 ˚C) for ten minutes in a retort. These studies prompted the similar research of canned lobster, sardines, peas, tomatoes, corn, and spinach. Prescott and Underwood's work was first published in late 1896, with further papers appearing from 1897 to 1926. This research, though important to the growth of food technology, was never patented. It would pave the way for thermal death time research that was pioneered by Bigelow and C. Olin Ball from 1921 to 1936 at the National Canners Association (NCA).", "support": 1 }
naturalqa	0ffbb1b4-95aa-4250-8ffa-f890e528c7c4	who sang one step forward two steps back	One Step Forward	[ "The Desert Rose Band" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=29286862	1	{ "mapped_id": [ "0ffbb1b4-95aa-4250-8ffa-f890e528c7c4", "0ffbb1b4-95aa-4250-8ffa-f890e528c7c4", "0ffbb1b4-95aa-4250-8ffa-f890e528c7c4", "0ffbb1b4-95aa-4250-8ffa-f890e528c7c4", "0ffbb1b4-95aa-4250-8ffa-f890e528c7c4" ], "doc_name": [ "One Step Forward", "One Step Forward (film)", "Step Forward", "Step Forward (film)", "One Step" ], "doc_chunk": [ "\"One Step Forward\" is a song written by Chris Hillman and Bill Wildes, and recorded by American country music group The Desert Rose Band. It was released in October 1987, as the third single from the album \"The Desert Rose Band\". The song reached #2 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart, behind \"Tennessee Flat Top Box\" by Rosanne Cash. The song is featured in the 2004 video game \"\". References. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "One Step Forward (Spanish: Un paso al frente) is a 1960 Spanish comedy film directed by Ramón Torrado.", "Swedish rock band\nStep Forward was a Swedish hardcore punk band founded in 1989 in Umeå, Sweden by Dennis Lyxzén and his friends, Toft Stade, Jens Nordén and Henrik Jansson. Step Forward was one of the first hardcore punk bands in Sweden that held on to the American straight edge lifestyle. They soon released their first demo \"I Am Me\" and in October 1990, their second demo, \"Does It Make a Difference\". During their existence they played a handful of gigs, mostly in the north of Sweden where they are from. Differences of opinion on the kind of songs they wanted to play finally reached a point of no return and Step Forward was dissolved. They played their last gig in December 1991. In 1996, a Step Forward CD entitled \"It Did Make a Difference\" was released on the hardcore label Desperate Fight Records. It included the demo-recordings mentioned above as well as two of their live-sets. Although the band no longer exists, Dennis Lyxzén created a new band, Refused, in 1992, which has revolutionized hardcore punk in Sweden and around the world. Jens Nordén has since played in somewhat notable bands as well, such as Regulations, The Vectors, E.T.A. - and along with Lyxzén, the last lineup of Refused side project Final Exit. In 2008 Nordén and Lyxzén teamed up with Karl Backman, The Vectors, and David Sandström, ex-Refused, to form a new hardcore band called AC4. References. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "Step Forward () is a Soviet film-an almanac, consisting of five novels. Plot. Five novels, united by the history of the nascent love of two elderly people, meeting every day on the way to work. Meeting every day in public transport, they do not suspect that they are neighbors around the house, and they are constantly giving each other a lot of trouble. Filming. Some episodes of film were shot at the stations of Saint Petersburg Metro Narvskaya and Dachnoye. References. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "One Step may refer to:\nSee also. Topics referred to by the same term\n<templatestyles src=\"Dmbox/styles.css\" />\n This page lists associated with the title ." ], "support": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ] }	{ "mapped_id": "0ffbb1b4-95aa-4250-8ffa-f890e528c7c4", "doc_name": "One Step Forward", "doc_chunk": "\"One Step Forward\" is a song written by Chris Hillman and Bill Wildes, and recorded by American country music group The Desert Rose Band. It was released in October 1987, as the third single from the album \"The Desert Rose Band\". The song reached #2 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart, behind \"Tennessee Flat Top Box\" by Rosanne Cash. The song is featured in the 2004 video game \"\". References. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "support": 1 }
naturalqa	366e9cb3-5934-483a-ac71-710541902138	in damon and pythias why does damon offer to take pythias's place in prison	Damon and Pythias	[ "as a hostage" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1116542	1	{ "mapped_id": [ "366e9cb3-5934-483a-ac71-710541902138", "366e9cb3-5934-483a-ac71-710541902138", "366e9cb3-5934-483a-ac71-710541902138", "366e9cb3-5934-483a-ac71-710541902138", "366e9cb3-5934-483a-ac71-710541902138" ], "doc_name": [ "Damon and Pythias", "Damon and Pythias", "Damon and Pythias", "Damon and Pythias (play)", "Damon and Pythias (play)" ], "doc_chunk": [ "Ancient Greek legend\nThe story of Damon (; Greek: , gen. Δάμωνος) and Pythias (; \nor\nGreek legend. As told by Aristoxenus, and after him Cicero (\"De Offic.\" 3.45), Diodorus Siculus (10.4), and others, Pythias and his friend Damon, both followers of the philosopher Pythagoras, traveled to Syracuse during the reign of the tyrant Dionysius I (r. 405–367 BC). Pythias was accused of plotting against the tyrant and sentenced to death. Accepting his sentence, Pythias asked to be allowed to return home one last time to settle his affairs and bid his family farewell. Not wanting to be taken for a fool, the king refused, believing that, once released, Pythias would flee and never return. Damon offered himself as a hostage in Pythias' absence, and when the king insisted that, should Pythias not return by an appointed time, Damon would be executed in his stead, Damon agreed and Pythias was released. Dionysius was convinced that Pythias would never return, and as the day Pythias promised to return came and went, he called for Damon's execution—but just as the executioner was about to kill Damon, Pythias returned.", "Apologizing to his friend for the delay, Pythias explained that on the passage back to Syracuse, pirates had captured his ship and had thrown him overboard, but that he had swum to shore and made his way back to Syracuse as quickly as possible, arriving just in time to save his friend. So astonished by and pleased with their friendship, Dionysius pardoned both men. It was also said that the tyrant then sought to become their third friend, but was denied. Another version says that it was a test planned by the king and his courtiers. The Pythagoreans were renowned for their moral strength and superiority, but some Syracusan courtiers argued the claim was false, and others disagreed, so with their king they devised a test—a crisis that would show whether two Pythagoreans lived up to that reputation. Idiomatic use. \"Damon and Pythias\" came to be an idiomatic expression for \"true friendship.\" ...said Utterson. \"I thought you had a common bond of interest\". \"We had\", was the reply. \"But it is more than ten years since Henry Jekyll became too fanciful for me. He began to go wrong, wrong in the mind... Such unscientific balderdash\", said the doctor, flushing suddenly purple, \"would have estranged Damon and Pythias\". This little spirit of temper was somewhat of a relief to Mr. Utterson.", "\"They have only differed on some point of science\", he thought...\nReferences. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "c. 1564 play by Richard Edwards\nDamon and Pythias is the only surviving play by Richard Edwards. Written circa 1564 and first printed in 1571, the play chronicles the Greek friendship story of Damon and Pythias. It was originally performed by the Children of the Chapell for Queen Elizabeth, possibly during the Christmas season between 1564 and 1565. Synopsis. The play begins with the philosopher Aristippus musing on his newfound position as a courtier in King Dionyusius's court in Syracuse. Carisophus enters, looking to join with Aristippus in friendship. Aristippus pretends to agree, though he knows that Carisophus is dissembling and the bond is false. Damon, Pythias and Stephano then arrive in Syracuse as part of their travels. The two have been traveling from Greece, and their arrival does not go unnoticed. Carisophus plots to use them in order to advance his own position in court. Damon and Pythias learn about the paranoia and tyranny of King Dionysius and his willingness to kill his subjects. Their servant Stephano begs them to leave before anything terrible can befall them, but the two decide to stay in Syracuse. Carisophus soon meets Damon on the street and has him arrested on suspicion of spying. Against the advice of his trusty counselor Eubulus, King Dionysius condemns Damon to die. Pythias protests his friend's innocence and declares their bond of true friendship.", "Dionysius agrees that he will keep Pythias prisoner for the next two months while Damon settles his affairs in Greece. If Damon returns before the two months are up, then Pythias will be cleared of suspicion. If he does not return, then Pythias will be executed in his stead. The two months pass with no sign of Damon, and preparations are made for Pythias's execution. Meanwhile, Carisophus meets with Aristippus in order to ask his friend to defend him should Damon return. Aristippus refuses and breaks their bond of friendship, saying that it is not like the true friendship between honest men like Damon and Pythias and that he will not protect Carisophus. The scene shifts back to the gallows, where Pythias and Groano await the king's final judgement. Pythias still trusts that Damon will return, but does not fear death, telling Groano the hangman \"O thou minister of justice, do thine office by and by, / Let not thy hand tremble, for I tremble not to die.\" Dionysius orders him to die, but Damon rushes in to stop the execution. Dionysius's heart is so moved by their display of perfect friendship that he stays Pythias's execution. The king goes so far as to ask to become a third friend to them, and Damon and Pythias agree. Dionysius joins with them in amity and resolves to cease acting as a tyrant and listening to flatterers." ], "support": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ] }	{ "mapped_id": "366e9cb3-5934-483a-ac71-710541902138", "doc_name": "Damon and Pythias", "doc_chunk": "Ancient Greek legend\nThe story of Damon (; Greek: , gen. Δάμωνος) and Pythias (; \nor\nGreek legend. As told by Aristoxenus, and after him Cicero (\"De Offic.\" 3.45), Diodorus Siculus (10.4), and others, Pythias and his friend Damon, both followers of the philosopher Pythagoras, traveled to Syracuse during the reign of the tyrant Dionysius I (r. 405–367 BC). Pythias was accused of plotting against the tyrant and sentenced to death. Accepting his sentence, Pythias asked to be allowed to return home one last time to settle his affairs and bid his family farewell. Not wanting to be taken for a fool, the king refused, believing that, once released, Pythias would flee and never return. Damon offered himself as a hostage in Pythias' absence, and when the king insisted that, should Pythias not return by an appointed time, Damon would be executed in his stead, Damon agreed and Pythias was released. Dionysius was convinced that Pythias would never return, and as the day Pythias promised to return came and went, he called for Damon's execution—but just as the executioner was about to kill Damon, Pythias returned.", "support": 1 }
naturalqa	6dd776a5-c337-4765-9ab0-1f19fd19e905	the current value in the arc welding is decided by	Arc welding	[ "the amount of heat input" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=440996	1	{ "mapped_id": [ "6dd776a5-c337-4765-9ab0-1f19fd19e905", "6dd776a5-c337-4765-9ab0-1f19fd19e905", "6dd776a5-c337-4765-9ab0-1f19fd19e905", "6dd776a5-c337-4765-9ab0-1f19fd19e905", "6dd776a5-c337-4765-9ab0-1f19fd19e905" ], "doc_name": [ "Arc welding", "Arc welding", "Arc welding", "Arc welding", "Arc welding" ], "doc_chunk": [ "Process used to fuse metal by using heat from an electrical arc\nArc welding is a welding process that is used to join metal to metal by using electricity to create enough heat to melt metal, and the melted metals, when cool, result in a binding of the metals. It is a type of welding that uses a welding power supply to create an electric arc between a metal stick (\"electrode\") and the base material to melt the metals at the point of contact. Arc welding power supplies can deliver either direct (DC) or alternating (AC) current to the work, while consumable or non-consumable electrodes are used. The welding area is usually protected by some type of shielding gas (e.g. an inert gas), vapor, or slag. Arc welding processes may be manual, semi-automatic, or fully automated. First developed in the late part of the 19th century, arc welding became commercially important in shipbuilding during the Second World War. Today it remains an important process for the fabrication of steel structures and vehicles. Power supplies. To supply the electrical energy necessary for arc welding processes, a number of different power supplies can be used. The most common classification is constant current power supplies and constant voltage power supplies. In arc welding, the voltage is directly related to the length of the arc, and the current is related to the amount of heat input. Constant current power supplies are most often used for manual welding processes such as gas tungsten arc welding and shielded metal arc welding, because they maintain a relatively constant current even as the voltage varies.", "This is important because in manual welding, it can be difficult to hold the electrode perfectly steady, and as a result, the arc length and thus voltage tend to fluctuate. Constant voltage power supplies hold the voltage constant and vary the current, and as a result, are most often used for automated welding processes such as gas metal arc welding, flux cored arc welding, and submerged arc welding. In these processes, arc length is kept constant, since any fluctuation in the distance between the wire and the base material is quickly rectified by a large change in current. For example, if the wire and the base material get too close, the current will rapidly increase, which in turn causes the heat to increase and the tip of the wire to melt, returning it to its original separation distance. Under normal arc length conditions, a constant current power supply with a stick electrode operates at about 20 volts. The direction of current used in arc welding also plays an important role in welding. Consumable electrode processes such as shielded metal arc welding and gas metal arc welding generally use direct current, but the electrode can be charged either positively or negatively. In general, the positively charged anode will have a greater heat concentration (around 60%). \"Note that for stick welding in general, DC+ polarity is most commonly used. It produces a good bead profile with a higher level of penetration. DC− polarity results in less penetration and a higher electrode melt-off rate. It is sometimes used, for example, on thin sheet metal in an attempt to prevent burn-through.\"", "\"With few exceptions, electrode-positive (reversed polarity) results in deeper penetration. Electrode-negative (straight polarity) results in faster melt-off of the electrode and, therefore, faster deposition rate.\" Non-consumable electrode processes, such as gas tungsten arc welding, can use either type of direct current (DC), as well as alternating current (AC). With direct current however, because the electrode only creates the arc and does not provide filler material, a positively charged electrode causes shallow welds, while a negatively charged electrode makes deeper welds. Alternating current rapidly moves between these two, resulting in medium-penetration welds. One disadvantage of AC, the fact that the arc must be re-ignited after every zero crossing, has been addressed with the invention of special power units that produce a square wave pattern instead of the normal sine wave, eliminating low-voltage time after the zero crossings and minimizing the effects of the problem. Duty cycle is a welding equipment specification which defines the number of minutes, within a 10-minute period, during which a given arc welder can safely be used. For example, an 80 A welder with a 60% duty cycle must be \"rested\" for at least 4 minutes after 6 minutes of continuous welding. Failure to observe duty cycle limitations could damage the welder. Commercial- or professional-grade welders typically have a 100% duty cycle. Consumable electrode methods.", "One of the most common types of arc welding is shielded metal arc welding (SMAW), which is also known as manual metal arc welding (MMAW) or stick welding. An electric current is used to strike an arc between the base material and a consumable electrode rod or \"stick\". The electrode rod is made of a material that is compatible with the base material being welded and is covered with a flux that gives off vapors that serve as a shielding gas and provide a layer of slag, both of which protect the weld area from atmospheric contamination. The electrode core itself acts as filler material, making a separate filler unnecessary. The process is very versatile, requiring little operator training and inexpensive equipment. However, weld times are rather slow, since the consumable electrodes must be frequently replaced and because slag, the residue from the flux, must be chipped away after welding. Furthermore, the process is generally limited to welding ferrous materials, though specialty electrodes have made possible the welding of cast iron, nickel, aluminum, copper and other metals. The versatility of the method makes it popular in a number of applications including repair work and construction. Gas metal arc welding (GMAW), commonly called \"MIG\" (for \"metal/inert-gas\"), is a semi-automatic or automatic welding process with a continuously fed consumable wire acting as both electrode and filler metal, along with an inert or semi-inert shielding gas flowed around the wire to protect the weld site from contamination.", "Constant voltage, direct current power source is most commonly used with GMAW, but constant current alternating current are used as well. With continuously fed filler electrodes, GMAW offers relatively high welding speeds; however the more complicated equipment reduces convenience and versatility in comparison to the SMAW process. Originally developed for welding aluminum and other non-ferrous materials in the 1940s, GMAW was soon economically applied to steels. Today, GMAW is commonly used in industries such as the automobile industry for its quality, versatility and speed. Because of the need to maintain a stable shroud of shielding gas around the weld site, it can be problematic to use the GMAW process in areas of high air movement such as outdoors. Flux-cored arc welding (FCAW) is a variation of the GMAW technique. FCAW wire is actually a fine metal tube filled with powdered flux materials. An externally supplied shielding gas is sometimes used, but often the flux itself is relied upon to generate the necessary protection from the atmosphere. The process is widely used in construction because of its high welding speed and portability. Submerged arc welding (SAW) is a high-productivity welding process in which the arc is struck beneath a covering layer of granular flux. This increases arc quality, since contaminants in the atmosphere are blocked by the flux. The slag that forms on the weld generally comes off by itself and, combined with the use of a continuous wire feed, the weld deposition rate is high. Working conditions are much improved over other arc welding processes since the flux hides the arc and no smoke is produced." ], "support": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ] }	{ "mapped_id": "6dd776a5-c337-4765-9ab0-1f19fd19e905", "doc_name": "Arc welding", "doc_chunk": "Process used to fuse metal by using heat from an electrical arc\nArc welding is a welding process that is used to join metal to metal by using electricity to create enough heat to melt metal, and the melted metals, when cool, result in a binding of the metals. It is a type of welding that uses a welding power supply to create an electric arc between a metal stick (\"electrode\") and the base material to melt the metals at the point of contact. Arc welding power supplies can deliver either direct (DC) or alternating (AC) current to the work, while consumable or non-consumable electrodes are used. The welding area is usually protected by some type of shielding gas (e.g. an inert gas), vapor, or slag. Arc welding processes may be manual, semi-automatic, or fully automated. First developed in the late part of the 19th century, arc welding became commercially important in shipbuilding during the Second World War. Today it remains an important process for the fabrication of steel structures and vehicles. Power supplies. To supply the electrical energy necessary for arc welding processes, a number of different power supplies can be used. The most common classification is constant current power supplies and constant voltage power supplies. In arc welding, the voltage is directly related to the length of the arc, and the current is related to the amount of heat input. Constant current power supplies are most often used for manual welding processes such as gas tungsten arc welding and shielded metal arc welding, because they maintain a relatively constant current even as the voltage varies.", "support": 1 }
naturalqa	16cbde4b-7072-4cef-8287-8efa531b8421	the first model playground in the united states was	Playground	[ "San Francisco's Golden Gate Park" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43579833	1	{ "mapped_id": [ "16cbde4b-7072-4cef-8287-8efa531b8421", "16cbde4b-7072-4cef-8287-8efa531b8421", "16cbde4b-7072-4cef-8287-8efa531b8421", "16cbde4b-7072-4cef-8287-8efa531b8421", "16cbde4b-7072-4cef-8287-8efa531b8421" ], "doc_name": [ "Playground", "Playground", "Playground", "Playground", "Playground" ], "doc_chunk": [ "Place with a specific design for children to be able to play there\nA playground, playpark, or play area is a place designed to provide an environment for children that facilitates play, typically outdoors. While a playground is usually designed for children, some are designed for other age groups, or people with disabilities. A playground might exclude children below (or above) a certain age. Modern playgrounds often have recreational equipment such as the seesaw, merry-go-round, swingset, slide, jungle gym, chin-up bars, sandbox, spring rider, trapeze rings, playhouses, and mazes, many of which help children develop physical coordination, strength, and flexibility, as well as providing recreation and enjoyment and supporting social and emotional development. Common in modern playgrounds are \"play structures\" that link many different pieces of equipment. Playgrounds often also have facilities for playing informal games of adult sports, such as a baseball diamond, a skating arena, a basketball court, or a tether ball. Public playground equipment installed in the play areas of parks, schools, childcare facilities, institutions, multiple family dwellings, restaurants, resorts, and recreational developments, and other areas of public use. A type of playground called a playscape is designed to provide a safe environment for play in a natural setting. History. Through history, children played in their villages and neighbourhoods, especially in the streets and lanes near their homes. In the 19th century, developmental psychologists such as Friedrich Fröbel proposed playgrounds as a developmental aid, or to imbue children with a sense of fair play and good manners.", "In Germany, a few playgrounds were erected in connection to schools. Thomas Carlyle called for the establishment of public playgrounds within industrial cities such as Manchester, England, in \"Past and Present\" (1843), saying that \"every toiling Manchester\" ought to have \"a hundred acres or so of free greenfield, with trees on it, conquered, for its little children to disport in\". Manchester became the site of the first purpose-built public-access playground, which opened in a park in 1859. Response to Mass motorisation. However, it was only in the early 20th century, as the street lost its role as the default public space and became planned for use by motor cars, that momentum built to remove children from the new dangers and confine them to segregated areas to play. In the United States, organisations such as the National Highway Protective Society highlighted the numbers killed by automobiles, and urged the creation of playgrounds, aiming to free streets for vehicles rather than children's play. The Outdoor Recreation League provided funds to erect playgrounds on parkland, especially following the 1901 publication of a report on numbers of children being run down by cars in New York City. In tandem with the new concern about the danger of roads, educational theories of play, including by Herbert Spencer and John Dewey inspired the emergence of the reformist playground movement, which argued that playgrounds had educational value, improved attention in class, enhanced physical health, and reduced truancy. Interventionist programs such as by the child savers sought to move children into controlled areas to limit 'delinquency'.", "Meanwhile, at schools and settlement houses for poorer children with limited access to education, health services and daycare, playgrounds were included to support these institutions' goal of keeping children safe and out of trouble. One of the first playgrounds in the United States was built in San Francisco's Golden Gate Park in 1887. In 1906 the Playground Association of America was founded and a year later Luther Gulick became president. It later became the National Recreation Association and then the National Recreation and Park Association. Urging the need for playgrounds, former President Theodore Roosevelt stated in 1907:\n\"City streets are unsatisfactory playgrounds for children because of the danger, because most good games are against the law, because they are too hot in summer, and because in crowded sections of the city they are apt to be schools of crime. Neither do small back yards nor ornamental grass plots meet the needs of any but the very small children. Older children who would play vigorous games must have places especially set aside for them; and, since play is a fundamental need, playgrounds should be provided for every child as much as schools. This means that they must be distributed over the cities in such a way as to be within walking distance of every boy and girl, as most children can not afford to pay carfare\". In post war London the landscape architect and children's rights campaigner Lady Allen of Hurtwood introduced and popularised the concept of the ’junk playground’ - where the equipment was constructed from the recycled junk and rubble left over from the Blitz.", "She campaigned for facilities for children growing up in the new high-rise developments in Britain's cities and wrote a series of illustrated books on the subject of playgrounds, and at least one book on adventure playgrounds, spaces for free creativity by children, which helped the idea spread worldwide. Playgrounds in the Soviet Union. Playgrounds were an integral part of urban culture in the USSR. In the 1970s and 1980s, there were playgrounds in almost every park in many Soviet cities. Playground apparatus was reasonably standard all over the country; most of them consisted of metallic bars with relatively few wooden parts, and were manufactured in state-owned factories. Some of the most common constructions were the carousel, sphere, seesaw, rocket, bridge, etc. Design. Playground design is influenced by the intended purpose and audience. Separate play areas might be offered to accommodate very young children. Single, large, open parks tend to not to be used by older schoolgirls or less aggressive children, because there is little opportunity for them to escape more aggressive children. By contrast, a park that offers multiple play areas is used equally by boys and girls. Effects on child development. Professionals recognize that the social skills that children develop on the playground often become lifelong skill sets that are carried forward into their adulthood. Independent research concludes that playgrounds are among the most important environments for children outside the home. Most forms of play are essential for healthy development, but free, spontaneous play—the kind that occurs on playgrounds—is the most beneficial type of play. Exciting, engaging and challenging playground equipment is important to keep children happy while still developing their learning abilities.", "These should be developed in order to suit different groups of children for different stages of learning, such as specialist playground equipment for nursery & pre-school children teaching them basic numeracy & vocabulary, to building a child's creativity and imagination with role play panels or puzzles. There is a general consensus that physical activity reduces the risk of psychological problems in children and fosters their self-esteem. The American Chief Medical Officer's report (Department of Health, 2004), stated that a review of available research suggests that the health benefits of physical activity in children are predominantly seen in the amelioration of risk factors for disease, avoidance of weight gain, achieving a peak bone mass and mental well-being. Exercise programmes \"may have short term beneficial effects on self esteem in children and adolescents\" although high-quality trials are lacking. Commentators argue that the quality of a child's exercise experience can affect their self-esteem. Ajzen TPB (1991) promotes the notion that children's self-esteem is enhanced through the encouragement of physical mastery and self-development. It can be seen that playgrounds provide an ideal opportunity for children to master physical skills, such as learning to swing, balance and climb. Personal development may be gained through the enhancement of skills, such as playing, communicating and cooperating with other children and adults in the playground. It can also be seen that public and private playgrounds act as a preventative health measure amongst young people because they promote physical activity at a stage in children's lives when they are active and not yet at risk from opting out of physical activity." ], "support": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ] }	{ "mapped_id": "16cbde4b-7072-4cef-8287-8efa531b8421", "doc_name": "Playground", "doc_chunk": "Meanwhile, at schools and settlement houses for poorer children with limited access to education, health services and daycare, playgrounds were included to support these institutions' goal of keeping children safe and out of trouble. One of the first playgrounds in the United States was built in San Francisco's Golden Gate Park in 1887. In 1906 the Playground Association of America was founded and a year later Luther Gulick became president. It later became the National Recreation Association and then the National Recreation and Park Association. Urging the need for playgrounds, former President Theodore Roosevelt stated in 1907:\n\"City streets are unsatisfactory playgrounds for children because of the danger, because most good games are against the law, because they are too hot in summer, and because in crowded sections of the city they are apt to be schools of crime. Neither do small back yards nor ornamental grass plots meet the needs of any but the very small children. Older children who would play vigorous games must have places especially set aside for them; and, since play is a fundamental need, playgrounds should be provided for every child as much as schools. This means that they must be distributed over the cities in such a way as to be within walking distance of every boy and girl, as most children can not afford to pay carfare\". In post war London the landscape architect and children's rights campaigner Lady Allen of Hurtwood introduced and popularised the concept of the ’junk playground’ - where the equipment was constructed from the recycled junk and rubble left over from the Blitz.", "support": 1 }
naturalqa	3ea88bb1-1a69-484c-9009-817edba36da6	who sings got you where i want you	Got You (Where I Want You)	[ "The Flys" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31998415	2	{ "mapped_id": [ "3ea88bb1-1a69-484c-9009-817edba36da6", "3ea88bb1-1a69-484c-9009-817edba36da6", "3ea88bb1-1a69-484c-9009-817edba36da6", "3ea88bb1-1a69-484c-9009-817edba36da6", "3ea88bb1-1a69-484c-9009-817edba36da6" ], "doc_name": [ "Got You (Where I Want You)", "Got You (Where I Want You)", "Got You (Where I Want You)", "Got You (Where I Want You)", "You Got Nothing I Want" ], "doc_chunk": [ "1998 single by The Flys\n\"Got You (Where I Want You)\" is a song by American alternative rock band The Flys from their second studio album, \"Holiday Man\" (1998). It was released as the lead single from the album on July 4, 1998, by Trauma Records. The song was written by The Flys, while production was helmed by Chris Goss. According to frontman Adam Paskowitz, the song is about desperate attempts to pickup women in bars. The song reached the top five on the \"Billboard\" Modern Rock Tracks chart on December 19, 1998, remaining as The Flys most successful song to date. The song was also featured in the films \"Disturbing Behavior\" and \"Sex Drive\". A re-recorded version of the song was released in 2008, alongside a cover of The Beatles' \"Hey Jude\". Writing and inspiration. Following the release of their debut studio album, \"25 Cents\" (1995), The Flys wanted to explore different genres of music. In an interview with \"Billboard\", front man Adam Paskowitz explained that the band has \"played every crap hole that would have us, so we've developed every possible sound ... If you're a touring band, you've got to play it all\". The song was written by all members of the band - Adam Paskowitz, Peter Perdichizzi, James Book, Nick Lucero, and Joshua Paskowitz - while Chris Goss produced the effort.", "When speaking on the album's themes, Paskowitz said that the majority of the songs on \"Holiday Man\" were developed through his own unsuccessful experiences when dating. He further explained the meaning of \"Got You (Where I Want You)\": \"It's about a friend of mine who was in a bar with a gorgeous woman. He was trying everything to strike up a conversation and get her number. You get desperate in the company of women\". Critical reception. Greg Pato of AllMusic referred to the song as \"the album's best track,\" further commenting that it is \"dark, Nirvana-esque pop\". Michael Roffman of \"Consequence of Sound\" referred to the song as a \"slice of dreamy alternative,\" complimenting its appearance on the \"Disturbing Behavior\" soundtrack. While ranking 88 of the best alternative rock songs of 1998, \"Spin\" placed \"Got You (Where I Want You)\" at number 28, praising the \"rap-reggae breakdown that’s straight out of Pacific Sunwear\". In a critical review, Larry Flick of \"Billboard\" commented: \"[T]he minimalism [of the song's opening] quickly gives way to expected pop-rock, overproduced devices that culminate in metal-band vocalizing that's almost as cheesy as the chorus lyrics: 'Got you (where I want you).'\" Chart performance.", "In the United States, \"Got You (Where I Want You)\" debuted at number six on the \"Billboard\" Bubbling Under Hot 100 chart for the issue dated December 5, 1998. The song spent a total of 22 weeks on the chart, peaking at number four on the issue dated January 9, 1999. On the Alternative Airplay and Mainstream Rock charts, the song peaked at number five and eight, respectively. The song also reached the top 40 on the Adult Top 40 chart, peaking at number 36. In Canada, \"Got You (Where I Want You)\" peaked at number 13 on the Canada Top Singles chart for the issue dated December 14, 1998. Music video. Background. The music video was directed by Wayne Isham and produced by Dave Robertson. In an interview with MTV, Adam and Joshua Paskowitz explained the conception of the video, describing how they got the leads of \"Disturbing Behavior\" (1998), Katie Holmes and James Marsden, to agree to star in the video. Paskowitz said,\nWe met Katie and James Morrison [\"sic\"], and they were doing this teenage, whacked film, and we were like, 'Oh, that's kind of wild. We have this song, and it's called \"Got You Where I Want You,\" see if you like it.' And they did, which was cool. My deal was, if we're going to do your movie, then you come do our video, [although] we didn't really want James Morrison [\"sic\"] in our video. Synopsis.", "The video starts with a close-up of Katie Holmes' feet moving around in hay spread over the ground. As the first verse begins, Holmes stands up and runs toward The Flys performing on the top of a cliff. The video then cuts to a scene from \"Disturbing Behavior\" featuring Holmes and James Marsden, before briefly cutting to a shot of Holmes standing in a large crowd. As the first chorus begins, Holmes walks past the band as they continue to perform, then pushing two jocks off of a cliff. Once the second verse begins, the video alternates between shots of a group of teenagers running to the top of the cliff and The Flys continuing to perform. As the teenagers reach the top of the cliff where the band is performing, the teenagers all begin to dive off the edge of the cliff into a body of water. As the bridge and final chorus begins, a supercut of more scenes from \"Disturbing Behavior\" are shown, with the band themselves then jumping off the edge of the cliff into the water. The band members walking away from the cliff is seen in the last shot. A version of the video without scenes from \"Disturbing Behavior\" also exists; shots of the band performing the song are replaced by clips from the film as described above. Track listings and formats. <templatestyles src=\"Col-begin/styles.css\"/>\nCredits and personnel. Credits and personnel are adapted from the \"Holiday Man\" album liner notes. References. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "\"You Got Nothing I Want\" is a 1981 single from Australian rock band Cold Chisel, the first released from the album \"Circus Animals\". One of the band's heaviest and most aggressive songs, which was written by singer Jimmy Barnes in response to the treatment they received at the hands of a record company executive during a U.S. tour earlier in the year. Don Walker said, \"After we came back, Jim wrote 'You Got Nothing I Want' more or less as a personal tribute to Marty Schwartz.\" \"You Got Nothing I Want\" was also the first song on the album, and representative of the different sound Cold Chisel was attempting on \"Circus Animals\" in a conscious effort to move away from the slick commercial pop rock of \"East\". It spent 19 weeks in the national charts, peaking at number 12. Producer Opitz said, \"Musically, 'You Got Nothing I Want' was inspired by the Rolling Stones' 'Start Me Up'. The Stones' 'Tattoo You' was Australia's number one album when we entered the studio and Mossy would tune up by playing the riff. I'm sure if you put the start of 'Start Me Up' at the start of 'You Got Nothing I Want', it would work perfectly.\" A video clip was made for the song. Directed by Peter Cox, who had previously directed the \"Cheap Wine\" video, it featured the band miming in the wooden-floored Paddington Town Hall." ], "support": [ 1, 0, 0, 1, 0 ] }	{ "mapped_id": "3ea88bb1-1a69-484c-9009-817edba36da6", "doc_name": "Got You (Where I Want You)", "doc_chunk": "1998 single by The Flys\n\"Got You (Where I Want You)\" is a song by American alternative rock band The Flys from their second studio album, \"Holiday Man\" (1998). It was released as the lead single from the album on July 4, 1998, by Trauma Records. The song was written by The Flys, while production was helmed by Chris Goss. According to frontman Adam Paskowitz, the song is about desperate attempts to pickup women in bars. The song reached the top five on the \"Billboard\" Modern Rock Tracks chart on December 19, 1998, remaining as The Flys most successful song to date. The song was also featured in the films \"Disturbing Behavior\" and \"Sex Drive\". A re-recorded version of the song was released in 2008, alongside a cover of The Beatles' \"Hey Jude\". Writing and inspiration. Following the release of their debut studio album, \"25 Cents\" (1995), The Flys wanted to explore different genres of music. In an interview with \"Billboard\", front man Adam Paskowitz explained that the band has \"played every crap hole that would have us, so we've developed every possible sound ... If you're a touring band, you've got to play it all\". The song was written by all members of the band - Adam Paskowitz, Peter Perdichizzi, James Book, Nick Lucero, and Joshua Paskowitz - while Chris Goss produced the effort.", "support": 1 }
naturalqa	25ecf674-79ad-4ed4-9406-c33f8c2ab173	who wrote hell is the impossibility of reason	The Impossibility of Reason	[ "Chimaira" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2520891	2	{ "mapped_id": [ "25ecf674-79ad-4ed4-9406-c33f8c2ab173", "25ecf674-79ad-4ed4-9406-c33f8c2ab173", "25ecf674-79ad-4ed4-9406-c33f8c2ab173", "25ecf674-79ad-4ed4-9406-c33f8c2ab173", "25ecf674-79ad-4ed4-9406-c33f8c2ab173" ], "doc_name": [ "The Impossibility of Reason", "The Impossibility of Reason", "Impossibility", "Realm of Impossibility", "Realm of Impossibility" ], "doc_chunk": [ "The Impossibility of Reason is the second studio album by the American heavy metal band Chimaira, released on May 13, 2003. It is the first album to feature Matt DeVries on rhythm guitar. The album is a noted for its groove metal-oriented sound, especially when compared to the band's previous releases which were considered closer to the nu metal genre. Upon release, it debuted No. 117 on the \"Billboard\" 200 charts. To date the album has sold around 200,000 copies in the US. A limited edition version of \"The Impossibility of Reason\" was released in 2004, which included a bonus disc called \"Reasoning the Impossible\". The song \"Army of Me\" appeared on the \"Freddy vs. Jason\" soundtrack. Production. \"The Impossibility of Reason\" was recorded with six-string guitars in drop C tuning, a standard that future albums would follow, and deemphasizes electronic effects. Rob Arnold later explained that the higher tuning allows \"much more clarity and power to the attack\" in comparison to the murky drop A tuning used on \"Pass Out of Existence\". Thus, the album has been considered heavier than Chimaira's 2001 debut, yet still bears a melodic side. Vocalist Mark Hunter noted the album's musical growth and credited the influence of band's they toured with. He also elaborated that while the sampling featured in their previous album was \"ear candy\", it would be more focused to \"enhance the music\" on their 2003 effort. Chimaira would continue their progression of heaviness with future albums.", "In an interview, Hunter described \"The Impossibility of Reason\" and compared it with the band's prior release:\n\"With the new album we give the listener a feeling like they can’t breathe, the songs pound you continuous. The breakdowns in the songs don’t go all soft, but stay on the heavy level.\" The production of \"The Impossibility of Reason\" was filmed and would be included on the \"Dehumanizing Process\" DVD in October 2004. Touring and promotion. Chimaira toured with the likes of In Flames, Soilwork and Unearth before joining Ozzfest 2003. They also performed on European Road Rage 2003 with Spineshank and Ill Niño before heading to Japan and Australia, the latter being firsts for Chimaira. In early 2003, a music video was filmed for the melodic \"Down Again\" which aired on \"Uranium\". By autumn that same year, a video for \"Pure Hatred\" debuted and gained substantial airplay on \"Headbangers Ball\". With its intense, anthemic chorus, the song became a concert favorite with significant crowd participation. On November 16, 2004, \"Pure Hatred\" was also featured in the \"MythBusters\" episode \"Exploding House\" during the \"talking to plants\" segment. Personnel. Chimaira\nAdditional musicians\nProduction\nReferences. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "Impossibility may refer to:\nSee also. Topics referred to by the same term\n<templatestyles src=\"Dmbox/styles.css\" />\n This page lists associated with the title .", "1983 video game\nRealm of Impossibility is an action game created by Mike Edwards for Atari 8-bit computers and published by Electronic Arts in 1984. It was originally released in 1983 as Zombies by BRAM, a company formed by Edwards and a friend. BRAM previously developed and published \"Attack at EP-CYG-4\". Electronic Arts ported \"Realm of Impossibility\" to the Apple II and Commodore 64. A ZX Spectrum version was published in 1985 by Ariolasoft. Plot. The player must traverse 13 dungeons to gather seven crowns to defeat the evil cleric Wistrik. Gameplay. Each dungeon comprises up to a dozen separate rooms, with the game moving from one to another when the player moves reaches the edge of the screen. The player navigates through the rooms to find the treasure: either a crown or a key that provides access to a locked dungeon. The rooms contain zombies, snakes, spiders and other creatures which cannot be killed. The joystick button drops crosses which block the creatures. A dozen crosses can be present at once, and they disappear slowly over time. Scrolls can be collected allowing spells to be cast by pressing the first letter of its name on the keyboard:\nTwo players can play cooperatively on the same screen. This doubles the number of crosses visible at once. Both players need to reach the edge of the screen to cause it to move to the next screen. Development. Edwards worked at Boeing. When his job changed and he was no longer programming at work, he became interested in the home computer market as a way to continue programming.", "Checking over various models at a local computer store, he purchased an Atari after seeing \"Star Raiders\". After having the machine for a while he began programming on it and, at the suggestion of a long-time friend, wrote a simple program in Atari BASIC to sell locally as a tax dodge. He then began programming his first game, \"Attack at EP-CYG-4\", a shoot 'em up which allowed two players at once. This was licensed to another company for sale on game cartridge, with Edwards helping with the port. He then began work on a maze game, which became \"Zombies\" after adding in 3D effects at the prompting of his partner. The game contained several levels of increasing complexity. The last level, \"The Realm of Impossibility\", contained a number of optical illusions similar to those popularized by artist M. C. Escher. Surfaces that appear vertical turn out to be horizontal, and other illusions can confuse the player. The success of the original release prompted Don Daglow to acquire the rights for EA. Minor changes were made to the game, new levels were added, and a new soundtrack was added, written by Dave Warhol who had worked with Daglow on the Intellivision game design team. Officially renamed \"Mike Edwards' Realm of Impossibility\", it was released not long after the original BRAM release, with the box cover touting \"Deluxe Edition of The Classic Game Zombies\". The game was part of the \"third wave\" of titles introduced by Electronic Arts after its founding in 1982. Reception." ], "support": [ 1, 1, 0, 0, 0 ] }	{ "mapped_id": "25ecf674-79ad-4ed4-9406-c33f8c2ab173", "doc_name": "The Impossibility of Reason", "doc_chunk": "The Impossibility of Reason is the second studio album by the American heavy metal band Chimaira, released on May 13, 2003. It is the first album to feature Matt DeVries on rhythm guitar. The album is a noted for its groove metal-oriented sound, especially when compared to the band's previous releases which were considered closer to the nu metal genre. Upon release, it debuted No. 117 on the \"Billboard\" 200 charts. To date the album has sold around 200,000 copies in the US. A limited edition version of \"The Impossibility of Reason\" was released in 2004, which included a bonus disc called \"Reasoning the Impossible\". The song \"Army of Me\" appeared on the \"Freddy vs. Jason\" soundtrack. Production. \"The Impossibility of Reason\" was recorded with six-string guitars in drop C tuning, a standard that future albums would follow, and deemphasizes electronic effects. Rob Arnold later explained that the higher tuning allows \"much more clarity and power to the attack\" in comparison to the murky drop A tuning used on \"Pass Out of Existence\". Thus, the album has been considered heavier than Chimaira's 2001 debut, yet still bears a melodic side. Vocalist Mark Hunter noted the album's musical growth and credited the influence of band's they toured with. He also elaborated that while the sampling featured in their previous album was \"ear candy\", it would be more focused to \"enhance the music\" on their 2003 effort. Chimaira would continue their progression of heaviness with future albums.", "support": 1 }
naturalqa	e9053d98-4e7f-4d6f-b89c-b065ee1c3b4f	when does rebel in the rye come out	Rebel in the Rye	[ "September 8, 2017" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47738466	2	{ "mapped_id": [ "e9053d98-4e7f-4d6f-b89c-b065ee1c3b4f", "e9053d98-4e7f-4d6f-b89c-b065ee1c3b4f", "e9053d98-4e7f-4d6f-b89c-b065ee1c3b4f", "e9053d98-4e7f-4d6f-b89c-b065ee1c3b4f", "e9053d98-4e7f-4d6f-b89c-b065ee1c3b4f" ], "doc_name": [ "Rebel in the Rye", "Rebel in the Rye", "Rebel in the Rye", "Rye Rye", "Rye Rye" ], "doc_chunk": [ "Rebel in the Rye is a 2017 American biographical drama film directed and written by Danny Strong. It is based on the book \"J. D. Salinger: A Life\" by Kenneth Slawenski, about the life of writer J. D. Salinger during and after World War II. The film stars Nicholas Hoult, Zoey Deutch, Kevin Spacey, Sarah Paulson, Brian d'Arcy James, Victor Garber, Hope Davis, and Lucy Boynton. The film had its world premiere at the Sundance Film Festival on January 24, 2017, and was released by IFC Films on September 8, 2017. Premise. The life of author J. D. Salinger from his youth to the World War II era, including his romantic life and the publication of his debut novel \"The Catcher in the Rye\". Production. On April 29, 2014, it was announced that screenwriter-actor Danny Strong would make his directorial debut with biographical film \"Salinger's War\", based on the non-fiction book \"J. D. Salinger: A Life\" by Kenneth Slawenski, about the life of young author J. D. Salinger during the early 1940s. Strong bought the book with his own money and adapted the film's script, which Black Label Media would finance, while Molly Smith, Trent Luckinbill, and Thad Luckinbill would produce the film along with Bruce Cohen, Jason Shuman, and Strong.", "On August 31, 2015, Nicholas Hoult was cast in the biopic to play Salinger, and the film was re-titled as \"Rebel in the Rye\". On January 19, 2016, Kevin Spacey joined the film to play Whit Burnett, a lecturer at Columbia University, editor of the \"Story\" magazine, and a mentor of the young Salinger. On February 12, 2016, Laura Dern, Brian d'Arcy James, and Hope Davis signed on to star in the film for unspecified roles. On March 9, 2016, Zoey Deutch joined the film to play the playwright Eugene O'Neill's daughter Oona O'Neill, who had a relationship with Salinger, and following her, Victor Garber also joined the film on next day to portray the role of Salinger's father, Sol Salinger. On April 7, 2016, Lucy Boynton joined the film for an unspecified role, and following her Sarah Paulson was cast to play Dorothy Olding, the loyal agent who supported the young Salinger throughout his career. In May 2016, it was revealed that James Urbaniak had been cast as Gus Lobrano. Principal photography on the film began on April 26, 2016 in New York City. Bear McCreary composed the film's score. Release. The film had its world premiere at the 2017 Sundance Film Festival on January 24, 2017. Shortly after, IFC Films acquired distribution rights to the film. It was theatrically released on September 8, 2017. Reception. Box office.", "\"Rebel in the Rye\" had a limited release in four theaters in its first week which was expanded to 45 more screens in second week. In its first week of release, the film made $44,280 (an average of $11,070), and in its second week, it grossed $101,118 in the 49 theaters, with a cumulative total of $154,326. Critical response. On review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 29% based on 89 reviews, and an average rating of 5.2/10. The site's critics consensus reads: \"\"Rebel in the Rye\" attempts to dramatize J.D. Salinger's life and creative process, but falters with a lack of dramatic impetus or a cohesive thesis about the reclusive author.\" On Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating to reviews, the film has a weighted average score 46 out of 100, based on 30 critics, indicating \"mixed or average reviews\". Jordan Hoffman of \"The Guardian\" gave three stars out of five, saying, \"J. D. Salinger drama catches attention but sinks into cliche\". References. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "American rapper\nRyeisha Berrain (born November 25, 1990), known by her stage name Rye Rye, is an American rapper, singer, dancer and actress. Signed to N.E.E.T. Recordings, she released her first mixtape RYEot PowRR in 2011 and her anticipated debut album \"Go! Pop! Bang!\" on May 15, 2012. In early 2009, MSNBC listed Rye Rye as one of the \"5Top: Top of the pops! Up-and coming young singers.\" In 2011, Rye Rye was named one of \"Billboard\"'s \"21 Under 21\". Rye Rye made her acting debut in the 2012 film \"21 Jump Street\". Career. Early career. Rye Rye began performing at the age of 16. She wanted to join the music industry because she felt there was potential there, adding \"I love performing, singing, dancing, all of that and I felt that given the opportunity I would destroy it.\" She met the musician Blaqstarr, a friend of her sister's, and worked with him on her early material after leaving a rap verse on his answering machine. On this process she notes \"I used to like to write poetry and stories. One day I was home, bored, and started to compose songs.\" Her song \"Shake It To The Ground,\" produced in collaboration with Blaqstarr, was a club hit in 2006, leading to local speculation that Rye Rye could be a fresh, new female success within hip hop music. A meeting between Rye Rye, M.I.A.", "and Diplo in a studio in 2006/2007 was arranged by Blaqstarr after the song caught M.I.A. 's attention. Blaqstarr told Rye Rye somebody wanted to meet her, but refused to say more. Although upon meeting them Rye Rye did not know who they were, M.I.A. told the rapper that she had been looking for her. At the time, Rye Rye was in her junior year at Dr. Samuel L. Banks High School. She toured with M.I.A. during the KALA Tour in fall and winter of 2007, which included opening for her during the CMJ Music Marathon and dates in the United Kingdom in 2007, the People Vs. Money Tour in early 2008 and briefly with Afrikan Boy. They both appeared in M.I.A. 's 2007 music video for the song \"Paper Planes.\" \"Go! Pop! Bang!\". Rye Rye was the first artist signed to M.I.A. 's record label N.E.E.T., imprint of Interscope Records. Her debut album, titled \"Go! Pop! Bang!\" was set to come out in March 2009, but its release was delayed. In the interim, she recorded guest verses for other songs. She performed the song \"Get it from my Mama\" with Blaqstarr and M.I.A." ], "support": [ 1, 1, 0, 0, 0 ] }	{ "mapped_id": "e9053d98-4e7f-4d6f-b89c-b065ee1c3b4f", "doc_name": "Rebel in the Rye", "doc_chunk": "Rebel in the Rye is a 2017 American biographical drama film directed and written by Danny Strong. It is based on the book \"J. D. Salinger: A Life\" by Kenneth Slawenski, about the life of writer J. D. Salinger during and after World War II. The film stars Nicholas Hoult, Zoey Deutch, Kevin Spacey, Sarah Paulson, Brian d'Arcy James, Victor Garber, Hope Davis, and Lucy Boynton. The film had its world premiere at the Sundance Film Festival on January 24, 2017, and was released by IFC Films on September 8, 2017. Premise. The life of author J. D. Salinger from his youth to the World War II era, including his romantic life and the publication of his debut novel \"The Catcher in the Rye\". Production. On April 29, 2014, it was announced that screenwriter-actor Danny Strong would make his directorial debut with biographical film \"Salinger's War\", based on the non-fiction book \"J. D. Salinger: A Life\" by Kenneth Slawenski, about the life of young author J. D. Salinger during the early 1940s. Strong bought the book with his own money and adapted the film's script, which Black Label Media would finance, while Molly Smith, Trent Luckinbill, and Thad Luckinbill would produce the film along with Bruce Cohen, Jason Shuman, and Strong.", "support": 1 }
naturalqa	5fce97d1-610a-459a-ac6e-44581f053c5f	who was the leader of the french in the french and indian war	George Washington in the French and Indian War	[ "Jacques Legardeur de Saint-Pierre" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=6817053	1	{ "mapped_id": [ "5fce97d1-610a-459a-ac6e-44581f053c5f", "5fce97d1-610a-459a-ac6e-44581f053c5f", "5fce97d1-610a-459a-ac6e-44581f053c5f", "5fce97d1-610a-459a-ac6e-44581f053c5f", "5fce97d1-610a-459a-ac6e-44581f053c5f" ], "doc_name": [ "George Washington in the French and Indian War", "George Washington in the French and Indian War", "George Washington in the French and Indian War", "George Washington in the French and Indian War", "George Washington in the French and Indian War" ], "doc_chunk": [ "George Washington's military experience began in the French and Indian War with a commission as a major in the militia of the British Province of Virginia. In 1753 Washington was sent as an ambassador from the British crown to the French officials and Indians as far north as present-day Erie, Pennsylvania. The following year he led another expedition to the area to assist in the construction of a fort at present-day Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Before reaching that point, he and some of his men, along with Mingo allies led by Tanacharison, ambushed a French scouting party. Its leader was killed, although the exact circumstances of his death were disputed. This peacetime act of aggression is seen as one of the first military steps leading to the global Seven Years' War. The French responded by attacking fortifications Washington erected following the ambush, forcing his surrender. Released on parole, Washington and his troops returned to Virginia. In 1755, he participated as a volunteer aide in the ill-fated expedition of General Edward Braddock, where he distinguished himself in the retreat following the climactic Battle of Monongahela. He served from 1755 until 1758 as colonel and commander of the Virginia Regiment, directing the provincial defenses against French and Indian raids and building the regiment into one of the best-trained provincial militias of the time. He led the regiment as part of the 1758 expedition of General John Forbes that successfully drove the French from Fort Duquesne, during which he and some of his companies were involved in a friendly fire incident.", "Unable to get a commission in the British Army, Washington then resigned from the provincial militia, married, and took up the life of a Virginia plantation owner. Washington gained valuable military skills during the war, acquiring tactical, strategic, and logistical military experience. He also acquired important political skills in his dealings with the British military establishment and the provincial government. His military exploits, although they included some notable failures, made his military reputation in the colonies such that he became a natural selection as the commander in chief of the Continental Army following the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War in 1775. His successes in military and political spheres during that conflict led to his election as the first President of the United States of America. Background. Born into a well-to-do Virginia family in Bridges Creek near Fredericksburg in 1732 [O.S. 1731], Washington was schooled locally until the age of 15, His father's sudden death occurred when Washington was just a mere eleven years old. This eliminated the possibility of schooling in England, and his mother rejected attempts to place him in the Royal Navy. Thanks to the connection by marriage of his half-brother Lawrence to the wealthy Fairfax family, Washington was appointed surveyor of Culpeper County in 1749; he was just 17 years old. Washington's brother had purchased an interest in the Ohio Company, a land acquisition and settlement company whose objective was the settlement of Virginia's frontier areas, including the Ohio Country, territory north and west of the Ohio River. Its investors also included Virginia's Royal Governor, Robert Dinwiddie, who appointed Washington a major in the provincial militia in February 1753.", "Emissary. The Ohio Country was occupied by a variety of Indian tribes that were nominally under the political control of the Iroquois Confederacy based in what is now northwestern New York. The area was also the subject of several conflicting claims by British and French colonies. The British provinces of Virginia and Pennsylvania both claimed the area, and traders from Pennsylvania had been trading with the Indians at least since the early 1740s. In 1752, representatives of the Ohio Company reached an agreement with the local Indian leaders allowing the construction of a fort and a tiny \nsettlement at the confluence of the Allegheny and Monongahela Rivers (present-day Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania), and for the establishment of some settlements south of the Ohio River. The French were alarmed by these developments, and in 1753 began the construction of a series of fortifications in the uppermost headwaters of the Ohio River (near present-day Erie, Pennsylvania), intending to extend the line of forts downriver and deny British traders and settlers access to the territory. When news of this reached Virginia, Governor Dinwiddie sought advice from the British government in London. He received orders to send a messenger to the French, reiterating British claims and demanding that they stop construction of their forts and quit the territory. Governor Dinwiddie chose Major Washington, then 21 years old, for the trek into the Ohio Country to assess the French military situation, and to deliver the British demands. He was a good choice despite his youth because he was familiar with the frontier from survey work, had good health, and both government and Ohio Company leaders trusted Washington.", "Although he had no frontier warfare experience, neither did most other Virginians. Washington departed from Williamsburg at the end of October 1753. In Fredericksburg, he picked up Jacob Van Braam, a family friend who spoke French, before heading into the Virginia highlands. There he was joined by Christopher Gist, an Ohio Company agent who was familiar with the territory, and a few backwoodsmen to assist with expedition logistics. When the expedition arrived at the site of the proposed fort, Washington noted that the site was well chosen, having \"the entire Command of the Monongahela\". The expedition then proceeded on to Logstown, a large Indian settlement a short way down the Ohio River. After parleying with the Indians, the Mingo \"Half King\" Tanacharison and three of his men agreed to accompany the British expedition to meet with the French. Washington also learned that many of the Ohio tribes were as unhappy about the British plans for settling the area as they were about the French plans to fortify it. Leaving Logstown on November 30, they arrived at Fort Machault on December 4. The commander there, Captain Philippe-Thomas de Joncaire, directed Washington to his superior officer, stationed at Fort LeBoeuf, further north. While dining with Joncaire, Washington learned of French intentions to \"take possession of the Ohio\". Washington's party reached Fort LeBoeuf on December 11, in the middle of a raging snowstorm.", "The French commander, Captain Jacques Legardeur de Saint-Pierre, received them with hospitality; however, in response to Dinwiddie's demands, he pointed out that the letter was more properly addressed to his superior, New France's governor the Marquis Duquesne. The letter Legardeur drafted in response to Dinwiddie's was clear and to the point: \"as to the summons you send me to retire, I do not think myself obliged to obey it.\" Washington took careful notes of the military arrangements at both forts before departing on December 16. He was somewhat concerned by the fact that Tanacharison and his men remained behind for further discussions with the French; he wrote, \"I saw that every stratagem which the most fruitful brain could invent, was practiced to win Half King to their interest\". He returned to Williamsburg after a month of difficult travel. Dinwiddie had Washington's account of the expedition widely distributed to emphasize the French threat. It was printed on both sides of the Atlantic, giving Washington an international reputation. Jumonville and Fort Necessity. While Washington was returning from this expedition, Dinwiddie sent men from the Ohio Company (who were also commissioned into the provincial militia) under William Trent to begin construction of the company's fort. In February, with Tanacharison's blessing, Trent and his men began construction of the fort at the confluence of the Allegheny and Monongahela Rivers." ], "support": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ] }	{ "mapped_id": "5fce97d1-610a-459a-ac6e-44581f053c5f", "doc_name": "George Washington in the French and Indian War", "doc_chunk": "The French commander, Captain Jacques Legardeur de Saint-Pierre, received them with hospitality; however, in response to Dinwiddie's demands, he pointed out that the letter was more properly addressed to his superior, New France's governor the Marquis Duquesne. The letter Legardeur drafted in response to Dinwiddie's was clear and to the point: \"as to the summons you send me to retire, I do not think myself obliged to obey it.\" Washington took careful notes of the military arrangements at both forts before departing on December 16. He was somewhat concerned by the fact that Tanacharison and his men remained behind for further discussions with the French; he wrote, \"I saw that every stratagem which the most fruitful brain could invent, was practiced to win Half King to their interest\". He returned to Williamsburg after a month of difficult travel. Dinwiddie had Washington's account of the expedition widely distributed to emphasize the French threat. It was printed on both sides of the Atlantic, giving Washington an international reputation. Jumonville and Fort Necessity. While Washington was returning from this expedition, Dinwiddie sent men from the Ohio Company (who were also commissioned into the provincial militia) under William Trent to begin construction of the company's fort. In February, with Tanacharison's blessing, Trent and his men began construction of the fort at the confluence of the Allegheny and Monongahela Rivers.", "support": 1 }
naturalqa	ef70ecf8-89eb-44dc-8e01-f0215ed0f0ce	when did the sony alpha a6000 come out	Sony α6000	[ "12 February 2014" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41920284	1	{ "mapped_id": [ "ef70ecf8-89eb-44dc-8e01-f0215ed0f0ce", "ef70ecf8-89eb-44dc-8e01-f0215ed0f0ce", "ef70ecf8-89eb-44dc-8e01-f0215ed0f0ce", "ef70ecf8-89eb-44dc-8e01-f0215ed0f0ce", "ef70ecf8-89eb-44dc-8e01-f0215ed0f0ce" ], "doc_name": [ "Sony α6000", "Sony α6000", "Sony α6000", "Sony α6000", "Sony" ], "doc_chunk": [ "Digital camera model\nCamera model\nThe Sony α6000 (model ILCE-6000) is a digital camera announced 12 February 2014. It is a mirrorless interchangeable lens camera (MILC), which has a smaller body form factor than a traditional DSLR while retaining the sensor size and features of an APS-C-sized model. It is targeted at professionals, experienced users, and enthusiasts. It replaced the NEX-6 and NEX-7. Review websites note that although the α6000 uses a 24 MP sensor like the Sony NEX-7, the Sony α6000 can also be seen as more of a replacement of the Sony NEX-6. In the Firmware version 1.10, an android subsystem was added. The sub system was used to run Sony's apps. At the time of its release, the Sony α6000 was advertised featuring the \"world's fastest autofocus\" with lag of 0.06 second and 11 fps continuous shooting with tracking AF. Its MSRP is $700 with a 16–50 mm power-zoom kit lens f/3.5-5.6. Despite the announcement of an updated model in February 2016, the α6300, Sony has said they will continue production of the α6000. Compared to its predecessor, Sony NEX-6. The Sony α6000 was released one and a half year later, and has a slightly different shaped body than the NEX-6. The α6000's body silhouette is almost like a perfect rectangle.", "They use the same sensor size, but the α6000 has a 24 megapixel resolution, which is a 50% higher resolution, than the 16 MP NEX-6. The alpha model has an extra physical control dial, compared to the NEX model. The newer model has a slightly faster burst rate (11 fps vs 10 fps) and has almost twice as many autofocus points (179 vs 99), which makes it a lot more capable of sports photography. The α6000 also offers Near-field communication and smartphone remote control over Wi-Fi, which the NEX cannot do. The SD card slot supports UHS-I in the α6000 whereas the NEX-6 doesn't support any UHS standards. But there is one aspect which is a bit indistinctive and better in the older model: The NEX-6 has a 63% higher resolution electronic viewfinder than the α6000 (2,359,000 dots vs 1,440,000 dots). Compared to its other predecessor, Sony NEX-7. The NEX-7 was introduced in 2011 and has a more rounded body, than the 3 years newer α6000. They use the same, 24 MP image sensor, but the noise performance is better in the newer model, thanks to the better processor. It also offers a higher maximum sensitivity (25,600 vs 16,600).", "The biggest difference is the autofocus: The NEX-7 only has 25 focus points, the α6000 has 179, so it's a lot more accurate and also faster. The burst rate is the same as the NEX-6 in the NEX-7, (10 fps), the α6000 can shoot a tiny bit faster continuously (11 fps). Similarly to the NEX-6, there is no NFC, Wi-Fi remote control or UHS memory card support in the NEX-7, but the α6000 has these features. The Alpha model is 56g lighter than the NEX. However, there is also one aspect, which the NEX-7 is clearly better, than its successor, and this is the fact, it has a microphone jack input, which is present in the NEX, but the α6000 lacks it for some reason. In terms of buttons, they have a different layout, but there are the same dials and buttons on the two cameras. Popularity. The Sony α6000 proved to be an extremely popular camera. By early 2016, it was reported to be the best-selling interchangeable-lens camera in the over-US$600 price range as well as the best-selling mirrorless camera of all time. Firmware updates. Firmware version 1.10, released on 30 October 2014, added faster start up time and support for the \"Smart Remote Control\" Play Memories application. Firmware version 1.20, released on 26 March 2015, improved images captured on new lenses and added a few minor enhancements.", "Firmware version 1.21, released on 6 April 2015, fixed an error in version 1.20 and improved lens performance. Firmware version 2.00, released on 16 June 2015, enabled video capture with the XAVC S codec to support high Bit Rates. Firmware version 3.10, released on 17 March 2016, optimized lens performance (applied to the lenses releasing after 2016 March). Firmware version 3.20, released on 26 July 2016, optimized lens performance (SEL-70200GM). Firmware version 3.21, released on 19 March 2019, improved stability of the AF operation. Mobile phone application update 2019. There is an application (Image Edge Mobile) which allows a user to control the Sony A6000-A6500 camera. The application also allows a user to transfer photos over wireless to the user's mobile phone. References. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />\nSENSOR: \nEXMOR \| \nEXMOR-R \| \nEXMOR-RS \nPROCESSOR: \nBIONZ \| \nBIONZ X \| \nBIONZ XR \n<br>\nVIDEO: 4K , 6K , 8K \nSCREEN: Flip F, Front Flip F+, Articulating A, Touchscreen T\n<br>\nSHOE: s Auto-lock Accessory Shoe, m Multi Interface Shoe\nBODY FEATURE: Mountable M, \"5-axis In-Body Image Stabilization\", Weather Sealed", "Japanese multinational conglomerate corporation\n, formerly known as and , commonly known as Sony, is a Japanese multinational conglomerate corporation headquartered in Minato, Tokyo, Japan. The Sony Group comprises entities such as Sony Corporation, Sony Semiconductor Solutions, Sony Entertainment (including Sony Pictures and Sony Music Group), Sony Interactive Entertainment, Sony Financial Group, and others. Sony was established in 1946 as Tokyo Tsushin Kogyo by Masaru Ibuka and Akio Morita. This electronics company, known for creating products such as the transistor radio TR-55, the home video tape recorder CV-2000, the portable audio player Walkman, and the compact disc player CDP-101, embarked on diverse business ventures. In 1988, Sony acquired CBS Records, and in 1989, it acquired Columbia Pictures. The company also introduced the home video game console PlayStation in 1994. In Japan, Sony expanded into the financial sector. In 2021, Sony transformed into a holding company, handing over the name Sony Corporation to its subsidiary as the electronics company. Sony, with its 55 percent market share in the image sensor market, is the largest manufacturer of image sensors, the second largest camera manufacturer, and is among the semiconductor sales leaders. It is the world's largest player in the premium TV market for a television of at least with a price higher than $2,500 as well as second largest TV brand by market share and, as of 2020, the third largest television manufacturer in the world by annual sales figures." ], "support": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ] }	{ "mapped_id": "ef70ecf8-89eb-44dc-8e01-f0215ed0f0ce", "doc_name": "Sony α6000", "doc_chunk": "Digital camera model\nCamera model\nThe Sony α6000 (model ILCE-6000) is a digital camera announced 12 February 2014. It is a mirrorless interchangeable lens camera (MILC), which has a smaller body form factor than a traditional DSLR while retaining the sensor size and features of an APS-C-sized model. It is targeted at professionals, experienced users, and enthusiasts. It replaced the NEX-6 and NEX-7. Review websites note that although the α6000 uses a 24 MP sensor like the Sony NEX-7, the Sony α6000 can also be seen as more of a replacement of the Sony NEX-6. In the Firmware version 1.10, an android subsystem was added. The sub system was used to run Sony's apps. At the time of its release, the Sony α6000 was advertised featuring the \"world's fastest autofocus\" with lag of 0.06 second and 11 fps continuous shooting with tracking AF. Its MSRP is $700 with a 16–50 mm power-zoom kit lens f/3.5-5.6. Despite the announcement of an updated model in February 2016, the α6300, Sony has said they will continue production of the α6000. Compared to its predecessor, Sony NEX-6. The Sony α6000 was released one and a half year later, and has a slightly different shaped body than the NEX-6. The α6000's body silhouette is almost like a perfect rectangle.", "support": 1 }
naturalqa	849d92de-5f3b-4eae-a764-37364e7e58fa	who does the voice of paulie the bird	Paulie	[ "Jay Mohr" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=535969	1	{ "mapped_id": [ "849d92de-5f3b-4eae-a764-37364e7e58fa", "849d92de-5f3b-4eae-a764-37364e7e58fa", "849d92de-5f3b-4eae-a764-37364e7e58fa", "849d92de-5f3b-4eae-a764-37364e7e58fa", "849d92de-5f3b-4eae-a764-37364e7e58fa" ], "doc_name": [ "Paulie", "Paulie", "Paulie", "Paulie", "Paulie" ], "doc_chunk": [ "American comedy film\nPaulie is a 1998 American adventure comedy-drama film directed by John Roberts and written by Laurie Craig. The film follows the adventurous story of the eponymous Paulie, a talking parrot who is capable of communicating with humans. It stars Jay Mohr as the voice of the title character, alongside Gena Rowlands, Tony Shalhoub, Cheech Marin, and Bruce Davison. It received mixed-to-positive reviews and was a box office disappointment, grossing $26.9 million domestically against a $23 million budget. However, in the years after its release, \"Paulie\" would find a larger audience on home media sales. The film marked Buddy Hackett's last feature film appearance before his death in 2003. Plot. While working as a janitor at an American institute, Russian immigrant Misha Vilyenkov encounters Paulie, a wisecracking and loudmouthed blue-crowned conure who can speak as clearly as a human. Subsequently, he doesn't speak a word when Misha brings Dr. Reingold, the head of the institute, and other scientists to witness him. Frustrated with Paulie at first, Misha relents and opens up about his homesickness. Paulie warms up to Misha, and he tells him his story about his original owner, a little girl named Marie Alweather who stutters. The story transitions to a flashback when he was gifted to her in his infancy. As Marie works on speech therapy, he begins to speak.", "Her father, Warren, a soldier, returns home from Vietnam and decides that Paulie is not helping her, believing their bond is disillusioning Marie's reality due to her claims of his ability to talk; Paulie never spoke to her parents out of fear towards them, and also refused to learn how to fly due to acrophobia. After a near-death experience in which she falls off the roof in an attempt to teach Paulie to fly, Warren sends him away, devastating Marie. Paulie is passed down to various owners and eventually ends up in a pawn shop where he spends his time badmouthing the customers. One day, a shady customer named Benny shows interest in purchasing him, thinking he could profit from his speaking abilities, until widowed artist Ivy purchases him first with the intent of reforming his ill behavior after he insults her. She befriends Paulie and agrees to help him find Marie, who has moved to Los Angeles. They begin traveling using her mobile home, but when she becomes blind in the middle of their trip, Paulie decides to stay and take care of her. She eventually passes away, and Paulie, having finally learned to fly, continues his journey. In East Los Angeles, Paulie joins a group of performing conures owned by migrant musician Ignacio, temporarily forgetting about Marie as he develops feelings for a female named Lupe. At one of his performances, Benny, having also moved to Los Angeles, recognizes him and attempts to purchase him from Ignacio. When Ignacio refuses, Benny makes a prank call to the police at one of his performances.", "As the police show up, Benny kidnaps Paulie amidst the chaos as Ignacio is arrested and presumably deported. Under Benny's influence, Paulie begins a life of crime. In a botched jewel theft, he flies down through the chimney of a house, where he gets caught by the grandson of its owner. Benny flees the scene, betraying and abandoning Paulie in the process. Paulie is then brought to the institute, where Reingold, his employees and fellow scientists are stunned by his ability to speak to humans. They subject him to speech testing, and Reingold promises that he will be reunited with Marie once finished. Paulie overhears Reingold privately revealing that he and the institute have found Marie’s whereabouts, but concealed this information from him so that he would remain their property. Realizing he's been lied to all this time, a resentful Paulie humiliates Reingold in front of his scientific peers by acting like an ordinary parrot, disrespecting him and his assistants while refusing to cooperate with more tests. He then calls out Reingold's deception, and tries to make a break for it. As a result, his wings are clipped and he is eventually imprisoned in the basement when he starts pecking the researchers. Moved by Paulie's story, Misha decides to release him and take him to Marie. They find Marie's contact information in Reingold's office, only to be caught by him. Misha stands up to Reingold for his cruelty to Paulie and gladly resigns.", "They narrowly escape the institute, just after releasing the other caged animals in the testing lab. The duo reach Marie's address, and find her as a beautiful young woman unrecognizable to Paulie. After singing a song her mother sang to her as a child, Paulie realizes that \"she\" is Marie and they happily reunite. He also realizes he can fly again as his feathers have regrown. Misha prepares to depart, but Paulie and Marie offer him to stay. Misha, evidently infatuated with Marie, decides to accept. The film ends with the trio happily entering her house. Production. Directed by John Roberts and written by Laurie Craig, the film's production budget was $23 million. Craig mentioned in an interview, \"Paulie was an original story of mine. I was inspired by seeing a lone parrot in a cage and I wondered what it would be like if he could actually tell me his life story. Then I read about the amazing African Grey parrot named Alex who had a large vocabulary and was very bonded with his researcher.\" During the production of the film, 14 trained blue-crowned conures were used to portray the titular character, with other conure species such as nanday, jenday and cherry-headed conures appearing in supporting roles. Exterior shots of young Marie's house were filmed in Azusa, CA, on the corner of N. Soldano Ave. and Sixth St. Unfortunately, the house was demolished a couple of years after production, and the lot was split up for smaller homes.", "The production team mailed thank you letters to the residents along the street for the inconvenience. Reception. Box office. Box office receipts grossed $5,369,800 on the opening weekend, and $26,875,268 total. It was released in 1,812 North American theaters. Critical response. The film scored a 62% approval rating at Rotten Tomatoes from 37 reviews, with an average rating of 6.2/10. It was distributed in 24 countries and 10 different languages between 1998 and 1999. Roger Ebert of the \"Chicago Times\" gave the film two stars out of four and said, \"Dogs and cats, horses and monkeys and even bears make charismatic movie stars, but \"Paulie\", I think, suggests that birds are more decorative than dramatic.\" Tracey Moore of \"Common Sense Media\" gave the film a four stars out of five and said, \"Talking bird on a coming-of-age journey with some peril.\" References. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />" ], "support": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ] }	{ "mapped_id": "849d92de-5f3b-4eae-a764-37364e7e58fa", "doc_name": "Paulie", "doc_chunk": "American comedy film\nPaulie is a 1998 American adventure comedy-drama film directed by John Roberts and written by Laurie Craig. The film follows the adventurous story of the eponymous Paulie, a talking parrot who is capable of communicating with humans. It stars Jay Mohr as the voice of the title character, alongside Gena Rowlands, Tony Shalhoub, Cheech Marin, and Bruce Davison. It received mixed-to-positive reviews and was a box office disappointment, grossing $26.9 million domestically against a $23 million budget. However, in the years after its release, \"Paulie\" would find a larger audience on home media sales. The film marked Buddy Hackett's last feature film appearance before his death in 2003. Plot. While working as a janitor at an American institute, Russian immigrant Misha Vilyenkov encounters Paulie, a wisecracking and loudmouthed blue-crowned conure who can speak as clearly as a human. Subsequently, he doesn't speak a word when Misha brings Dr. Reingold, the head of the institute, and other scientists to witness him. Frustrated with Paulie at first, Misha relents and opens up about his homesickness. Paulie warms up to Misha, and he tells him his story about his original owner, a little girl named Marie Alweather who stutters. The story transitions to a flashback when he was gifted to her in his infancy. As Marie works on speech therapy, he begins to speak.", "support": 1 }
naturalqa	3e1d60c0-0293-4f1e-b3d7-b673c29a0abb	where is the location of the dining room in relation to kitchen and serving area	Dining room	[ "usually adjacent to the kitchen for convenience in serving" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=801763	1	{ "mapped_id": [ "3e1d60c0-0293-4f1e-b3d7-b673c29a0abb", "3e1d60c0-0293-4f1e-b3d7-b673c29a0abb", "3e1d60c0-0293-4f1e-b3d7-b673c29a0abb", "3e1d60c0-0293-4f1e-b3d7-b673c29a0abb", "3e1d60c0-0293-4f1e-b3d7-b673c29a0abb" ], "doc_name": [ "Dining room", "Dining room", "Dining room", "The Dining Room", "The Dining Room" ], "doc_chunk": [ "Room dedicated to consuming food\nA dining room is a room for consuming food. In modern times it is usually adjacent to the kitchen for convenience in serving, although in medieval times it was often on an entirely different floor level. Historically the dining room is furnished with a rather large dining table and several dining chairs; the most common shape is generally rectangular with two armed end chairs and an even number of un-armed side chairs along the long sides. History. In the Middle Ages, Britons and other European nobility in castles or large manor houses dined in the great hall. This was a large multi-function room capable of seating the bulk of the population of the house. The family would sit at the head table on a raised dais, with the rest of the population arrayed in order of diminishing rank away from them. Tables in the great hall would tend to be long trestle tables with benches. The sheer number of people in a Great Hall meant it would probably have had a busy, bustling atmosphere. Suggestions that it would also have been quite smelly and smoky are probably, by the standards of the time, unfounded. These rooms had large chimneys and high ceilings and there would have been a free flow of air through the numerous door and window openings. It is true that the owners of such properties began to develop a taste for more intimate gatherings in smaller 'parlers' or 'privee parlers' off the main hall but this is thought to be due as much to political and social changes as to the greater comfort afforded by such rooms.", "Over time, the nobility took more of their meals in the parlour, and the parlour became, functionally, a dining room (or was split into two separate rooms). It also migrated farther from the Great Hall, often accessed via grand ceremonial staircases from the dais in the Great Hall. Eventually dining in the Great Hall became something that was done primarily on special occasions. Towards the beginning of the 18th century, a pattern emerged where the ladies of the house would withdraw after dinner from the dining room to the drawing room. The gentlemen would remain in the dining room having drinks. The dining room tended to take on a more masculine tenor as a result. In the 1930s and 40s, dining rooms continued to be separate from kitchens even as servant's rooms became less common in middle-class houses. In the 1950s and 60s, dining and kitchen areas were merged, and living rooms were merged with the kitchen-dining rooms. During the COVID-19 pandemic, dining rooms that still existed were used as home offices or classrooms and were valuable for their seclusion. Contemporary usage. A typical North American dining room will contain a table with chairs arranged along the sides and ends of the table, as well as other pieces of furniture such as sideboards and china cabinets, as space permits. Often tables in modern dining rooms will have a removable leaf to allow for the larger number of people present on those special occasions without taking up extra space when not in use.", "Although the \"typical\" family dining experience is at a wooden table or some sort of kitchen area, some choose to make their dining rooms more comfortable by using couches or comfortable chairs. In modern American and Canadian homes, the dining room is typically adjacent to the living room, being increasingly used only for formal dining with guests or on special occasions. For informal daily meals, most medium size houses and larger will have a space adjacent to the kitchen where table and chairs can be placed, larger spaces are often known as a dinette while a smaller one is called a breakfast nook. Smaller houses and condos may have a breakfast bar instead, often of a different height than the regular kitchen counter (either raised for stools or lowered for chairs). If a home lacks a dinette, breakfast nook, or breakfast bar, then the kitchen or family room will be used for day-to-day eating. In Britain, many families would traditionally use the dining room only on Sundays, eating other meals in the kitchen. In Australia, the use of a dining room is still prevalent, yet not an essential part of modern home design. For most, it is considered a space to be used during formal occasions or celebrations. Smaller homes may use a breakfast bar or table placed within the confines of a kitchen or living space for meals. References. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "Play by A. R. Gurney\nThe Dining Room is a play by the American playwright A. R. Gurney. It was first produced Off-Broadway at the Studio Theatre of Playwrights Horizons, in 1981. Synopsis. The play is a comedy of manners, set in a single dining room where 18 scenes from different households overlap and intertwine. Presumably, each story is focused around a different family during different time periods who has in their possession the same dining room furniture set, manufactured in 1898. The stories are about White Anglo-Saxon Protestant (WASP) families. Some scenes are about the furniture itself and the emotional attachment to it, while other scenes simply flesh out the culture of the WASPs. Overall, it tells the story of the dying and relatively short-lived culture of upper-middle class Americans, and the transition into a much more efficient society with less emphasis on tradition and more emphasis on progress. Some characters are made fun of, as is the culture itself, but there is also a genuine longing for the sense of stability, comfort and togetherness that the culture provides. From the back of the playbook:\nThe play is set in the dining room of a typical well-to-do household, the place where the family assembled daily for breakfast and dinner and for any and all special occasions. The action is a mosaic of interrelated scenes—some funny, some touching, some rueful—which, taken together, create an in-depth portrait of a vanishing species: the upper-middle-class WASP.", "The actors change roles, personalities and ages with virtuoso skill as they portray a wide variety of characters, from little boys to stern grandfathers, and from giggling teenage girls to Irish housemaids. Each vignette introduces a new set of people and events; a father lectures his son on grammar and politics; a boy returns from boarding school to discover his mother's infidelity; a senile grandmother doesn't recognize her own sons at Thanksgiving dinner; a daughter, her marriage a shambles, pleads futilely to return home, etc. Dovetailing swiftly and smoothly, the varied scenes coalesce, ultimately, into a theatrical experience of exceptional range, compassionate humor and abundant humanity. Productions. \"The Dining Room\" premiered at the Studio Theatre of Playwrights Horizons on January 31, 1981 and transferred to the Astor Place Theatre on February 24, 1982 and closed on July 17, 1982. Directed by David Trainer, the cast was :\nSets were by Loren Sherman, costumes by Deborah Shaw, and lighting was by Frances Aronson. The play was revived Off-Broadway in a Keen Company production on September 20 through October 20, 2007. \"A cast of six portrays over 50 characters in the Gurney work, which stars original 1982 Off-Broadway cast member Ann McDonough. Joining McDonough for the Keen Company mounting are Dan Daily, Claire Lautie, Timothy McCracken, Samantha Soule and Mark J. Sullivan.\" The play was produced at the Westport Country Playhouse, Connecticut, in May 2013, directed by Mark Lamos." ], "support": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ] }	{ "mapped_id": "3e1d60c0-0293-4f1e-b3d7-b673c29a0abb", "doc_name": "Dining room", "doc_chunk": "Room dedicated to consuming food\nA dining room is a room for consuming food. In modern times it is usually adjacent to the kitchen for convenience in serving, although in medieval times it was often on an entirely different floor level. Historically the dining room is furnished with a rather large dining table and several dining chairs; the most common shape is generally rectangular with two armed end chairs and an even number of un-armed side chairs along the long sides. History. In the Middle Ages, Britons and other European nobility in castles or large manor houses dined in the great hall. This was a large multi-function room capable of seating the bulk of the population of the house. The family would sit at the head table on a raised dais, with the rest of the population arrayed in order of diminishing rank away from them. Tables in the great hall would tend to be long trestle tables with benches. The sheer number of people in a Great Hall meant it would probably have had a busy, bustling atmosphere. Suggestions that it would also have been quite smelly and smoky are probably, by the standards of the time, unfounded. These rooms had large chimneys and high ceilings and there would have been a free flow of air through the numerous door and window openings. It is true that the owners of such properties began to develop a taste for more intimate gatherings in smaller 'parlers' or 'privee parlers' off the main hall but this is thought to be due as much to political and social changes as to the greater comfort afforded by such rooms.", "support": 1 }
naturalqa	4863a683-7f86-4bd6-932d-2b000183aede	where did hurricane edith make landfall in 1971	Hurricane Edith (1971)	[ "Cape Gracias a Dios" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2251923	1	{ "mapped_id": [ "4863a683-7f86-4bd6-932d-2b000183aede", "4863a683-7f86-4bd6-932d-2b000183aede", "4863a683-7f86-4bd6-932d-2b000183aede", "4863a683-7f86-4bd6-932d-2b000183aede", "4863a683-7f86-4bd6-932d-2b000183aede" ], "doc_name": [ "Hurricane Edith (1971)", "Hurricane Edith (1971)", "Hurricane Edith (1971)", "Hurricane Edith (1971)", "Hurricane Edith (1971)" ], "doc_chunk": [ "Category 5 Atlantic hurricane\n<templatestyles src=\"Template:Infobox weather event/styles.css\"/>\nHurricane Edith was the strongest hurricane to form during the 1971 Atlantic hurricane season and the southernmost landfalling Category 5 hurricane on record in the Atlantic at the time. Edith developed from a tropical wave on September 5 and quickly strengthened into a hurricane in the Caribbean Sea. Edith rapidly intensified on September 9 and made landfall on Cape Gracias a Dios as a Category 5 hurricane on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale. Being a category 5 hurricane, Edith peaked at only 943 mbar (hPa), making Edith the least intense category 5 Atlantic hurricane on record. It quickly lost intensity over Central America and after briefly entering the Gulf of Honduras it crossed the Yucatán Peninsula in Mexico. After moving across the Gulf of Mexico a trough turned the storm to the northeast and Edith, after having restrengthened while accelerating towards the coast, made landfall on Louisiana with winds of on September 16. Edith steadily weakened over land and dissipated over Georgia on September 18. The hurricane killed two people when it passed near Aruba. Striking northeastern Central America as a Category 5 hurricane, Edith destroyed hundreds of homes and killed at least 35 people. In Texas high tides caused coastal flooding but little damage. Edith caused moderate to heavy damage in portions of Louisiana due to flooding and a tornado outbreak from the storm. One tornado, rated F3 on the Fujita Scale, damaged several homes and injured multiple people in Baton Rouge. The tornado outbreak extended eastward into Florida, of which a few destroyed entire buildings.", "Damage in the United States totaled US$25 million (1971 USD, $ 2022 USD). Meteorological history. A tropical wave moved off the coast of Africa near Dakar on August 31. It moved westward into the Intertropical Convergence Zone, and organized into a tropical disturbance on September 2 with a small, circular area of convection. The system moved to the west, and on September 3, the convection diminished after moving west of 40° W. By the next day, the tropical disturbance was barely discernible from the clouds of the Intertropical Convergence Zone. The wave gradually became detached from the ITCZ, and based on a reconnaissance flight that confirmed the existence of a low-level circulation, it is estimated the system developed into a tropical depression on September 5 while located east of Grenada. The depression moved westward quickly, and moved through the southern Lesser Antilles early on September 6. The southern portion of the circulation passed over northeastern Venezuela, though after entering the Caribbean Sea, another reconnaissance flight was unable to confirm the existence of a low-level circulation. Shortly thereafter, while moving into an area of light wind shear, it was able to organize and strengthen further, and on September 7, the depression strengthened into Tropical Storm \"Edith\" near the island of Curaçao. While initially, a cold-core upper-level low persisted about northwest of the storm, Edith moved west-northwestward due to the influence of a narrow and persistent ridge of high pressure, which extended from the southwestern Atlantic Ocean to the Gulf of Mexico.", "As the storm continued into open waters of the Caribbean, the upper-level low gradually weakened and was replaced with an anticyclone. This allowed the storm to strengthen further, and on September 8, Edith became a hurricane in the south-central Caribbean Sea. On September 9, the storm rapidly intensified, and within 24 hours, Edith strengthened from a minimal hurricane to a powerful Category 5 hurricane just off the coast of Nicaragua. The cause for the explosive deepening is unknown, though it is speculated that the transformation in the upper troposphere from an upper-level low to an anticyclone led to a release of baroclinic energy. Reconnaissance aircraft crews in the peak of the storm reported extreme turbulence, causing concern for the safety of the crews. At its peak intensity, the very well-defined \"pinhole\" eye was only in diameter. Late on September 9, Hurricane Edith made landfall on northeastern Nicaragua at Cabo Gracias a Dios. Hurricane Edith rapidly weakened over the mountainous terrain of northeastern Central America, and 18 hours after it made landfall, it emerged into the Gulf of Honduras as an Category 1 hurricane. It continued to weaken as it moved northwestward, and made landfall near Belize City with tropical storm winds of . Edith weakened further while crossing the Yucatán Peninsula, and emerged into the Gulf of Mexico near Campeche, Mexico late on September 11 as a minimal tropical storm. Edith initially failed to re-intensify as it moved northwestward, despite low amounts of wind shear and warm waters.", "This was because an anticyclone over the Gulf was closely connected with Hurricane Fern, which developed and moved over the northwestern portion of the Gulf of Mexico. The anticyclone resulted in an easterly upper-level flow across Edith, creating conditions not conducive for intensification. As Fern moved inland over Texas, the flow became more favorable around Edith, and 36 hours after entering the Gulf of Mexico, the storm began to reintensify slightly. Edith continued moving to the west-northwest, heading towards the coast of Mexico, but early on September 14, the storm stalled while located just off the coast of Tamaulipas. A mid-latitude trough of low pressure approached the storm, and caused Edith to turn to slowly drift towards the northeast. Located only miles from the Mexican coast, Edith again failed to strengthen until September 15, when it accelerated northeastward and regained hurricane status. The hurricane turned to the east-northeast as it approached the coast of Louisiana, and made landfall on September 16 in a sparsely populated area east of Cameron with winds of , equivalent to a Category 2 hurricane in the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale. Edith rapidly weakened over land, degenerating into a tropical storm over Louisiana, and into a tropical depression over Mississippi. It continued to the east-northeast, and dissipated over northwestern Georgia on September 18. Preparations. Fourteen hours prior to Edith making landfall in Central America, the National Hurricane Center warned citizens about the extreme danger of the approaching hurricane, and asked them to prepare for hurricane conditions.", "While the storm was located in the Gulf of Mexico, the National Hurricane Center issued a Hurricane Warning from Cameron to Morgan City, Louisiana eighteen hours before the hurricane made landfall. Edith later struck land in the middle portion of the warning area. In Belize, officials ordered the mandatory evacuation of low-lying areas, resulting in hundreds of residents leaving to the United States through the international airport. Officials sent police troops to maintain order and prevent looting. In the Gulf of Mexico, several oil facilities were closed or placed on automatic controls. Drilling rigs as far east as the coastal waters off of Mississippi were prepared to evacuate in the event Edith moved further east than anticipated. Additionally, thousands evacuated coastal areas of Louisiana prior to the arrival of the hurricane. Several shelters opened in coastal cities, and many people prepared for the hurricane by purchasing emergency supplies. Officials closed schools throughout much of southern Louisiana. Impact. Caribbean. While passing through the southern Lesser Antilles, the tropical depression produced heavy rainfall and winds of around . Edith produced tropical storm force winds in Aruba, and gusts reached . Two fishermen were reported lost at sea and presumed dead as a result of Edith. Edith produced strong winds across northeastern Nicaragua and eastern Honduras, with Puerto Lempira reporting an unofficial sustained wind of . Press reports indicated every house in the Cape Gracias area was destroyed or heavily damaged, leaving 7,000 homeless. The meteorological service in British Honduras stated there were 100 fatalities near Cape Gracias, though a later report indicated 35 people died in Nicaragua. There, damage was estimated at over US$380,000 (1971 dollars$, in 2023 dollars)." ], "support": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ] }	{ "mapped_id": "4863a683-7f86-4bd6-932d-2b000183aede", "doc_name": "Hurricane Edith (1971)", "doc_chunk": "Category 5 Atlantic hurricane\n<templatestyles src=\"Template:Infobox weather event/styles.css\"/>\nHurricane Edith was the strongest hurricane to form during the 1971 Atlantic hurricane season and the southernmost landfalling Category 5 hurricane on record in the Atlantic at the time. Edith developed from a tropical wave on September 5 and quickly strengthened into a hurricane in the Caribbean Sea. Edith rapidly intensified on September 9 and made landfall on Cape Gracias a Dios as a Category 5 hurricane on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale. Being a category 5 hurricane, Edith peaked at only 943 mbar (hPa), making Edith the least intense category 5 Atlantic hurricane on record. It quickly lost intensity over Central America and after briefly entering the Gulf of Honduras it crossed the Yucatán Peninsula in Mexico. After moving across the Gulf of Mexico a trough turned the storm to the northeast and Edith, after having restrengthened while accelerating towards the coast, made landfall on Louisiana with winds of on September 16. Edith steadily weakened over land and dissipated over Georgia on September 18. The hurricane killed two people when it passed near Aruba. Striking northeastern Central America as a Category 5 hurricane, Edith destroyed hundreds of homes and killed at least 35 people. In Texas high tides caused coastal flooding but little damage. Edith caused moderate to heavy damage in portions of Louisiana due to flooding and a tornado outbreak from the storm. One tornado, rated F3 on the Fujita Scale, damaged several homes and injured multiple people in Baton Rouge. The tornado outbreak extended eastward into Florida, of which a few destroyed entire buildings.", "support": 1 }
naturalqa	9f0c3f6f-403c-4160-aff0-9e46e427a1a9	down by the river lyrics milky chance meaning	Down by the River (Milky Chance song)	[ "literally about a river" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43223844	1	{ "mapped_id": [ "9f0c3f6f-403c-4160-aff0-9e46e427a1a9", "9f0c3f6f-403c-4160-aff0-9e46e427a1a9", "9f0c3f6f-403c-4160-aff0-9e46e427a1a9", "9f0c3f6f-403c-4160-aff0-9e46e427a1a9", "9f0c3f6f-403c-4160-aff0-9e46e427a1a9" ], "doc_name": [ "Down by the River (Milky Chance song)", "Milky Chance", "Milky Chance", "Milky Chance", "Milky Chance" ], "doc_chunk": [ "\"Down by the River\" is a song by German folk duo Milky Chance. It was released as the second single from their debut studio album, \"Sadnecessary\", on 28 March 2014 through Lichtdicht Records. The song has charted in France, Germany, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom. The song was written and produced by the duo themselves. The song also appears on the soundtrack for the association football video game published by EA Sports, \"FIFA 15\". Meaning. The meaning behind the song, as explained by Clemens in a track by track commentary, is literally about a river; the Fulda, to be exact. The song was written based on a \"Experiences I (Clemens) had down by the river.\" He does not like to explain the story behind it because when he's writing a song, he prefers to \"draw a picture\" of it, so that everybody can make their own story for it. References. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "German rock band\nMilky Chance is a German rock band originating in Kassel. It consists of vocalist and guitarist Clemens Rehbein, bassist and percussionist Philipp Dausch, and their band members, Antonio Greger and Sebastian Schmidt. Their first single, \"Stolen Dance\", was released in April 2013, topping the charts in several countries. It also won the 1Live Krone radio award for Best Single. Their debut album, \"Sadnecessary\", was released in October 2013 and included the single \"Down by the River\". The album peaked at number 14 in Germany, and in 2014, \"Spin\" named \"Sadnecessary\" their Album of the Week. The band made their TV debut on \"Jimmy Kimmel Live!\" in October 2014, and also won the European Border Breakers Award that month. They started a tour of North America in late 2014, performing at venues such as the House of Blues and festivals such as Coachella. History. 2012: Founding, first singles. After meeting in school, Clemens Rehbein and Philipp Dausch finished their secondary education at Jacob-Grimm-Schule in Kassel, Germany in 2012. Both were in a jazz quintet known as Flown Tones, where Rehbein played bass guitar and Dausch was a guitarist. The group disbanded after the drummer left, though Dausch and Rehbein continued to collaborate, feeling they had a good connection. They combined electronic production with acoustic guitar and their own vocals and lyrics.", "Rehbein wrote most of the songs at home, then uploaded them to YouTube, where they gradually gained a following. After only playing two live shows over two weeks in 2013, the duo recorded their debut album in a simple home-made studio in Rehbein's childhood home. Before finishing and releasing the record, they released several singles on SoundCloud and on YouTube. In an interview with Edmonton's Sonic 102.9, the band said that it took them three years to write the song \"Stolen Dance\". It was first uploaded to YouTube on 4 April 2013 and they had low expectations for the track. However, it quickly became a viral hit, racking up millions of views. \"SPIN\" wrote about the video, \"the clip for 'Stolen Dance' nails the visual for its artist in a way that feels definitive and not overly self-conscious. It's still without being static, evocative while not provocative, silly but never stupid.\" The video made the band the \"most blogged about act\" for that month on HypeM, and as of October 2022, the video holds over 800 million views on YouTube. The day after the video came out, the song \"Stolen Dance\" was first released (on their own label Lichtdicht Records) on 5 April 2013 as a single and reached number one in Germany, Austria, Luxembourg, Switzerland, and France. It also topped the charts in Belgium, Poland, Czech Republic, and Hungary. It reached number one on the Billboard Alternative chart.", "Their first big show was at a festival called Dockville in Hamburg, with about 5,000 people in attendance. The band desired to \"make it a little bit bigger\" and reach international audiences. They performed at the Reeperbahn Festival in Hamburg, Germany, and a representative from Ignition liked what he saw. Their manager set up a meeting and they reached a distribution deal. Milky Chance began a 100+ show tour, driving across Europe with allegedly simply \"a guitar and a set of decks and some mpc.\" 2013–2016: \"Sadnecessary\", world tour. \"Sadnecessary\" is the debut studio album by the group, released in Germany on 1 October 2013. The album includes the singles \"Stolen Dance\" and \"Down by the River\". It peaked at number 14 in Germany and charted at No. 17 on the \"Billboard\" 200 chart. Milky Chance toured in support of the record, and on 5 December 2013, they won the 1Live Krone radio awards for Best Single with \"Stolen Dance.\" \"Down by the River\" was re-released as a single on 28 March 2014 in Germany through Lichtdicht Records. It charted in France, Germany, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom, and appeared in the EA Sports game \"FIFA 15\". After a successful tour, \"Stolen Dance\" was made available in a radio edit version and on two different versions of the \"Stolen Dance EP\" in 2014, in countries such as Luxembourg , Australia, the US, Canada, and New Zealand.", "\"Sadnecessary\" was nominated for the IMPALA European Independent Album of the Year award. Milky Chance played their first show in the United States in October 2014, in a sold-out performance at the Bowery Ballroom in New York City. \"Sadnecessary\" was released in the United States a year after its release in Germany, coming out on 14 October 2014. It received largely positive press from North American critics, and within a day of its release, \"SPIN\" named it their Album of the Week. \"SPIN\" further described the leading single \"Stolen Dance\" as a \"serenely rollicking crossover jam,\" clarifying that the song \"is no red herring — the great majority of \"Sadnecessary\" follows in its pattern of low-octane beats and gently lapping guitar strumming, making for a lovely and understated album.\" The band made their TV debut on \"Jimmy Kimmel Live!\" on 22 October 2014, and that day they were nominated for Best Band at the German radio award show 1Live Krone. They also won the European Border Breakers Award that month, and on 16 September 2014, they were nominated as Best German Act at the MTV European Music Awards. [1]\nThey toured the United States and Canada in late 2014. They were also guest artists on the \"Tonight Show\" with Jimmy Fallon, and they played the House of Blues in April 2015, with plans to return to Boston as part of their upcoming North American Summer Tour." ], "support": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ] }	{ "mapped_id": "9f0c3f6f-403c-4160-aff0-9e46e427a1a9", "doc_name": "Down by the River (Milky Chance song)", "doc_chunk": "\"Down by the River\" is a song by German folk duo Milky Chance. It was released as the second single from their debut studio album, \"Sadnecessary\", on 28 March 2014 through Lichtdicht Records. The song has charted in France, Germany, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom. The song was written and produced by the duo themselves. The song also appears on the soundtrack for the association football video game published by EA Sports, \"FIFA 15\". Meaning. The meaning behind the song, as explained by Clemens in a track by track commentary, is literally about a river; the Fulda, to be exact. The song was written based on a \"Experiences I (Clemens) had down by the river.\" He does not like to explain the story behind it because when he's writing a song, he prefers to \"draw a picture\" of it, so that everybody can make their own story for it. References. <templatestyles src=\"Reflist/styles.css\" />", "support": 1 }

Subsets and Splits

No community queries yet

The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.