Seminal elastase-inhibitor complex, a marker of genital tract inflammation, and negative IVF outcome measures: role for a silent inflammation?
There is no consensus on whether and how male genital tract inflammation affects sperm fertilizing potential. The aims of this prospective study were to evaluate the elastase-inhibitor complex in seminal plasma (s-EI) level, a marker of male genital tract inflammation, in men undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) having no clinical signs of inflammation, and its association with semen characteristics, and the predictive role of s-EI for the outcome of IVF in terms of fertilization, embryo development to the blastocyst stage and pregnancy. The study involved 104 male partners of infertile couples with normal spermiogram undergoing IVF. On the day of oocyte retrieval, spermiogram and s-EI assessment using homogeneous immunoassay were performed. The outcome of IVF according to the s-EI level was assessed in 85 cycles with two or more oocytes. In 67 cycles embryos were cultured to the blastocyst stage. Spearman's and Pearson's correlation tests, chi-square test, and multiple linear and logistic regression analyses were used for statistical evaluation. Increased s-EI level (> or =250 microg/L) was detected in semen of 32% of men, and in 24% of men without leucocytospermia. We found an association between the s-EI level and semen leucocytes (r = 0.49, p = 0.004) but not with classical sperm characteristics. No correlation between the s-EI level and fertilization was observed. Increased s-EI levels were associated with a poorer blastocyst development rate (p = 0.03) and a higher number of arrested embryos (p = 0.04). Extended embryo culture to the blastocyst stage shows a negative effect of clinically silent male genital tract inflammation on embryo developmental potential.