I believe it is time for Hawaii to take a hard look at Osmotic power. Between solar, wind, OTEC (ocean thermal energy conversion) as demonstrated at NELHA on the Big Island, and deployment of osmotic power, it is absolutely possible to move entirely to renewable and CLEAN power. Much sooner than people might think possible. Statoil, the state owned energy company in Norway, has already operated a demonstration osmotic plant on Oslofjord. They know the days of burning anything to generate power are numbered (and they have already gone on too long). The only limitation on this source of power being the membrane technology, something which has already been addressed with graphene membranes in use for desalinization in other areas of the world. In a place like Hawaii, with abundant fresh water resources and arguably the most ocean access on the planet, how can we not innovate in this area?
Statoil's calculations show a SINGLE osmotic plant could power Hawaii Island; without geothermal.