A better 21st century model for liberal democracy is a recognition that the borders of Nations & States rarely if ever coincide & that through federal & other political jurisdiction sharing constitutional arrangement a modern multinational State can (a) give due regard & recognition to the Nations that exist within the State's territory while (b) preserving the capacity to ensure the efficient & effective domestic benefits of liberal democratic government for both domestic & international purposes.

The central, National & local governments in both the UK & Spain need to seek creative ways to devolve further jurisdiction to the Nations that compose each of these countries or either or both unity or democracy will be sacrificed.