Between December 2013 and July 2015, GMO corporations sprayed 18 tons of restricted-use pesticides on Kauai. Six of the seven restricted-use pesticides are suspected of being endocrine disruptors, which may cause sexual development defects in humans and animals. Four are suspected carcinogens.  These restricted-use pesticides are also linked to neurological and brain problems and damage to the lungs, heart, kidneys, adrenal glands, central nervous system, muscles, spleen, and liver. Restricted-use pesticides are used on experimental plots at 17 times the rate of use on traditional fields.