(1)
The "dodgy" / "click bait" news sites are the only new sites that fit the "fake news" label in any meaningful way. Modern journalism is full of news sites that deliberately shape and (mis)inform public discourse. 

Social media has exacerbated the echo chambers, bubbles, twitter wars, ideological virtue signaling and polarised the discourse. However, newspapers and especially online media have always had an ideological slant - it is only the political left the consistently pretends to be "neutral", "truth tellers", "fact checkers" and increasingly "scientific".  

The social world is complex and the best way to navigate (virtue), organise (politics) and think about it is not something that resembles "truth" or "facts" in the physical sciences sense - think values, norms, ideational forces,  etc. It is ironic that it is the same "left" that has consistently promoted post-modernism, identity politics and the personal - now insist on "truth" and "fact-checking" politics.