There is a better way. America is world's largest importer. Simply put an increasing % tax on consumed goods based on which state/nation the worst part comes from. By starting low, say 5% and increasing by 5% yearly, it will get all nations/states to lower their emissions quickly, or give up their exports.
There are 2 issues: 
First is how to measure and second how to normalize.
Wrt first, if we put up oco3, combined with OCO2 and Japan's SATs, we can measure precisely the co2 emissions in/out of any region. It may not be accurate, but it will be precise, which is what is needed. It will also prevent the lying that is going on, that far left allow.
As to normalization, per capitia is one of the worst forms I can think of. Instead, we need emissions per $ real GDP( not ppp ). This is because businesses/gov do the majority of pollution choices, not us citizens.
This is fair and would solve things quickly.