But, specifically what other ways to reduce GHG emissions? Corporate capitalism understands only bottom line profit ad ROI. Unless pubic policy gets a firm grip on those and begins to twist, there will be no incentive to change. Either reduce emissions or pay the price. Eventually, the price becomes steep enough that there is sufficient incentive to preserve profits and change ways. Supplementary, related measures may also be necessary to prevent dodging the emission control regulations.

Cap and trade could also be known as carrot and stick.