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Son of Frankenstein is a 1939 horror film directed by Rowland V. Lee, and is the third entry in Universal Studios' "Frankenstein" series and the last to feature Boris Karloff as the Monster. It is also the first to feature Bela Lugosi as Ygor. The film is the sequel to James Whale's "Bride of Frankenstein", and stars Karloff,
Can we infer the following?
Son of Frankenstein is not a superhero film
Select from: -- Yes; -- It's impossible to say; -- No;
The answer is: | Yes |
What happens next?
How to do a colorful smokey eye look
Use warm metallic and browns for blue eyes.
When it comes to choosing colored shadows for a smoky look on blue eyes, warm metallic and brown shades are usually the most flattering option. These shades are opposite blue on the color wheel, so they create a bold contrast with blue eyes that really make them pop.
Possible answers: a. You can purchase an emerald blue eyeshadow or colored shadow as well. If you're looking for a really intense smoky eye, go for neutral blue shades.. b. You can use baby blue eyeshadow or coffee eyeliner to create the smoky look without using metallic or brown eyeshadow. Dark colors, such as red, purple, brown, blue, and black, tend to work best on blue eyes.. c. One of the primary colors that pairs well with blue eyes is soft gray. Using a shimmery hue such as red and pink tends to complement blue eyes.. d. Some shades to consider include copper, amber, and brown. Warm green tones also work well for blue eyes.. | d. |
How to help your child when a pet dies<br>Tell your child right away. Sometimes people avoid telling children about the death of a pet right away because the conversation can be so difficult. When a pet dies, it is best to tell your child soon after it happens rather than avoiding or putting off the conversation.
You should avoid having the conversation with your child. OPTIONS:
- Yes
- It's impossible to say
- No
A: No
Wal-Mart Stores has asked a US federal appeals court to review a judge's order approving class-action status for a sex-discrimination lawsuit.
Wal-Mart will never conceded defeat no matter how many times they have to appeal a sex discrimination lawsuit. OPTIONS:
- Yes
- It's impossible to say
- No
A: It's impossible to say
ISLAMABAD, Pakistan—Militants attacked the Chinese consulate in the southern city of Karachi on Friday, killing two police officers, Pakistani authorities said, adding that Chinese diplomatic staff inside were unharmed. The attackers, armed with guns, grenades and at least one suicide jacket tried but failed to get inside, according to officials. Different officials described the number of attacks as between two and four. The assault started about 9.30 a.m. local time. ...
The attack resulted in more than one death OPTIONS:
- Yes
- It's impossible to say
- No
A: | Yes |
TASK DEFINITION: In this task you will be given an answer to a question. You need to generate a question. The answer given should be a correct answer for the generated question.
PROBLEM: A Vindication of the Rights of Woman: with Strictures on Political and Moral Subjects (1792), written by the 18th-century British proto-feminist Mary Wollstonecraft, is one of the earliest works of feminist philosophy. In it, Wollstonecraft responds to those educational and political theorists of the 18th century who did not believe women should have an education. She argues that women ought to have an education commensurate with their position in society, claiming that women are essential to the nation because they educate its children and because they could be 'companions' to their husbands, rather than mere wives. Instead of viewing women as ornaments to society or property to be traded in marriage, Wollstonecraft maintains that they are human beings deserving of the same fundamental rights as men.
SOLUTION: what was wollstonecraft's purpose in writing a vindication of the rights of woman
PROBLEM: Boyd is a Scottish surname. It originated from a habitational name from the island of Bute, located in the Firth of Clyde. The surname was very common in Edinburgh in the 17th century. The Scottish Gaelic form of the surname is Boid (masculine), and Bhoid (feminine).
SOLUTION: where does the last name boyd originate from
PROBLEM: London Bridge is a bridge in Lake Havasu City, Arizona. It was built in the 1830s and formerly spanned the River Thames in London, England. It was dismantled in 1967 and relocated to Arizona. The Arizona bridge is a reinforced concrete structure clad in the original masonry of the 1830s bridge, which was purchased by Robert P. McCulloch from the City of London. McCulloch had exterior granite blocks from the original bridge numbered and transported to America to construct the present bridge in Lake Havasu City, a planned community he established in 1964 on the shore of Lake Havasu. The bridge was completed in 1971 (along with a canal), and links an island in the Colorado River with the main part of Lake Havasu City.
SOLUTION: | who bought the old london bridge and where is it now
|
IN: What happens next?
How to measure dc offset
Purchase a multimeter.
A multimeter is a handheld device for measuring electrical current, resistance, or voltage. Multimeters are available in either digital or analog models, and can sport a variety of different features.
OPTIONS:
- The important consideration when choosing a meter to measure dc offset is the lowest available voltage range. Because dc offset readings will be quite small (usually under 100 mv), you need a meter with a small range (sensitivity) so that the readings will register correctly.
- Multimeters tend to be very hand-operated and can be purchased at most hardware stores, supermarkets, and electronics supply stores. Inflate the multimeter to determine the current you are calculating.
- Handheld multimeters generate a voltage range of at least. 0 to 1.8 ppm per volt.
- Simply purchase a multimeter that's actually an meter, and read the manufacturer's instructions about manufacturing and how to calibrate it. At most sporting goods stores, the first-line meter measures ac voltage.
OUT: The important consideration when choosing a meter to measure dc offset is the lowest available voltage range. Because dc offset readings will be quite small (usually under 100 mv), you need a meter with a small range (sensitivity) so that the readings will register correctly.
IN: What happens next?
How to make seafood sauce
Combine 12 tablespoons (180 ml) ketchup , 4 tablespoons horseradish, and 4 tablespoons lemon juice in a medium-sized bowl.
Stir vigorously.
Add celery salt and tabasco sauce to taste.
OPTIONS:
- Add one section of the reserved ketchup and stir again. Transfer to a covered container or storage container.
- Stir gently in 2 tablespoons (10 ml) of freshly ground beef broth and 2 tablespoons (30 ml) of minced garlic. If using mince, a pinch of salt is added instead.
- Refrigerate for one hour to chill and then serve. Optionally, add lemon wedges to the dish so guests can squeeze in extra flavor.
- Allow to cook, covered, for 20 minutes. Add shrimp and rock shrimp to the fish mixture.
OUT: Refrigerate for one hour to chill and then serve. Optionally, add lemon wedges to the dish so guests can squeeze in extra flavor.
IN: What happens next?
A young woman is standing in the middle of a gym with two dumb bells in her hands and a microphone attached to her head. when the lady
OPTIONS:
- is finished speaking, she walks over to a table and picks up a set of keys.
- is done throwing the acting ring, a bell drops to the floor and a large " hammer to the head!! " appears on the screen.
- finishes talking, she begins riding the elliptical before doing a set of lifting dumb bells.
- starts talking, she is trying to martial arts just like a normal person except she is wearing yellow raskolnikov gloves that are absorbent.
OUT: | finishes talking, she begins riding the elliptical before doing a set of lifting dumb bells. |
In this task, you are given a text of many news articles seperated by special token "|||||". Your task is to summarize them.
Q: Arizona Senate candidate Joe Arpaio, the controversial former sheriff of Maricopa County and an outspoken "birther," said Saturday he is not surprised that Hawaiians received an erroneous emergency mobile alert about an imminent ballistic missile attack because "there's something wrong with that government."
Case in point, according to Arpaio? Former President Barack Obama's "fraudulent" Hawaii birth certificate.
Arpaio claims Obama was not born in the U.S., despite what the birth certificate says. But Obama was indeed born in the U.S., in Honolulu on Aug. 4, 1961.
During an interview Saturday night with Fox News' Jeanine Pirro, Arpaio was asked for his thoughts on the alert, which turned out to be false and the result of human error.
"I don’t want to get into it," Arpaio said, "but I know doing a certain investigation on a fake, fraudulent government document. They can’t even solve that case. They don’t even want to look at it. So either they’re incompetent or there’s something behind it."
Pirro didn't let those remarks go unchallenged, telling Arpaio, 85, "I got to push back on that a little bit. That document, the long-form, was filed. Let’s put that way. Let’s talk about what happened today in Hawaii. You had some specific thoughts about today."
Arpaio said, "Well, the only thing I’m saying is they can’t even solve a phony document. So now they’ve got a problem. There’s something wrong with that government."
Ross D. Franklin/AP/FILE
Arpaio is running for the Senate seat currently occupied by Sen. Jeff Flake, who is retiring from Congress at the end of his term.
Once again he was met with resistance by Pirro, who countered, "Well, let’s keep moving, because they did solve that, and I’m going to keep pushing back on that."
President Donald Trump last year pardoned Arpaio for criminal contempt of court, a misdemeanor. Arpaio had been convicted of the crime for disobeying a federal judge's order to stop racial profiling in detaining "individuals suspected of being in the U.S. illegally" ||||| A day after Joe Arpaio officially launched his bid to be the next U.S. senator from Arizona, the controversial former sheriff returned to a polarizing question that was seemingly put to bed in public by his party’s own standard-bearer:
Where was Barack Obama really born?
Arpaio told CNN’s Chris Cuomo on Wednesday that he still thinks Obama’s birth certificate is fake, even though the biggest fanner of the birther flame — President Trump — said in 2016 that he believes Obama was born in Hawaii, not Kenya.
“You believe that President Obama’s birth certificate is a phony?” Cuomo asked on his CNN show Wednesday night.
“No doubt about it. No doubt about it,” Arpaio replied, seemingly aggrieved about Cuomo bringing the issue up. “We have the evidence.”
He added: “I’m not going to go into all the detail, but yes, it’s a phony document.”
Is this the end of Joe Arpaio's AZ Senate campaign -- or just the beginning? He's telling @chriscuomo he's got evidence Obama's birth certificate was fake. O---kay... — Joan Walsh (@joanwalsh) January 11, 2018
Arpaio — once dubbed “America’s Toughest Sheriff,” for his heavy-handed immigration tactics and harsh treatment of criminals and suspects in his jails — is running in the 2018 Republican primary to determine who will replace Republican Sen. Jeff Flake.
The 85-year-old Arpaio is a longtime Trump supporter who spoke at the Republican National Convention.
As The Washington Post wrote in 2017, the pair have similar views on immigration and law enforcement.
[Reporters to Trump ambassador: ‘This is the Netherlands — you have to answer questions’]
They also once viewed the birtherism “debate” from the same place: Obama, they agreed, wasn’t born in the United States, and therefore wasn’t eligible to be president of the United States.
During the final months of the 2016 presidential campaign, Trump told The Post in an interview that he remained unwilling to say that Obama was born in the United States.
As The Post’s Robert Costa wrote on Sept. 15, 2016, following an interview on Trump’s private plane:
Trump suggested he is not eager to change his pitch or his positions even as he works to reach out to minority voters, many of whom are deeply offended by his long-refuted suggestion that Obama is not a U.S. citizen. Trump refused to say whether he believes Obama was born in Hawaii. “I’ll answer that question at the right time,” Trump said. “I just don’t want to answer it yet.” When asked whether his campaign manager, Kellyanne Conway, was accurate when she said recently that he now believes Obama was born in this country, Trump responded: “It’s okay. She’s allowed to speak what she thinks. I want to focus on jobs. I want to focus on other things.” He added: “I don’t talk about it anymore. The reason I don’t is because then everyone is going to be talking about it as opposed to jobs, the military, the vets, security.”
Hours later, though, Trump’s campaign said in a statement that he no longer doubted Obama’s birth in Hawaii and that Trump had done “a great service to the President and the country” by prompting Obama to release his long-form birth certificate in 2011.
But, as Costa noted, the campaign “also repeated the widely debunked claim that [Hillary] Clinton and her campaign had questioned Obama’s birthplace in 2008, which is false.”
The following day, The Post’s Jenna Johnson reported that Trump himself acknowledged for the first time that Obama was born in the United States, ending his long history of stoking unfounded doubts about the nation’s first African American president.
“President Barack Obama was born in the United States. Period,” Trump said, though he repeated the falsehood that Clinton and her unsuccessful 2008 campaign started the birther controversy.
(That same day, Obama told reporters he was “pretty confident about where I was born.”)
Trump has never publicly changed his position, though the New York Times reported in November that advisers said Trump, in recent months, had “used closed-door conversations to question the authenticity of President Barack Obama’s birth certificate.”
Arpaio, for his part, has been unwavering in his belief that Obama’s birth certificate isn’t real.
In December, shortly before leaving the Maricopa County Sheriff’s Office, Arpaio announced that his “Cold Case Posse” had found “9 points of forgery” following a five-year investigation of the birth certificate, according to the Arizona Republic.
Arpaio pushed the theory that someone copied and pasted Obama’s information onto the birth certificate of a woman born in Hawaii.
[Trump lauded delivery of F-52s to Norway. The planes only exist in ‘Call of Duty.’]
Arpaio gained national notoriety for forcing inmates to wear pink underwear, eat meatless meals while the Food Channel was broadcast in the jail cafeteria and, for a quarter century, sleep outdoors in a “tent city jail” made of Korean War era canvas.
But he was sentenced to jail for his immigration tactics.
In 2011, as part of a lawsuit, a federal judge said Arpaio could no longer detain people he thought were illegal immigrants who had not been convicted of a crime. But he ignored the judge’s order and, in 2016, the U.S. Justice Department pursued a criminal contempt case against him. A year later he was convicted, but before Arpaio could serve a day in jail, Trump pardoned him.
[Joe Arpaio points to political traits he shares with Trump]
“Arpaio’s life and career, which began at the age of 18 when he enlisted in the military after the outbreak of the Korean War, exemplify selfless public service,” Trump said in a statement announcing the pardon. “Throughout his time as Sheriff, Arpaio continued his life’s work of protecting the public from the scourges of crime and illegal immigration.
“Sheriff Joe Arpaio is now eighty-five years old, and after more than fifty years of admirable service to our Nation, he is worthy candidate for a Presidential pardon,” the statement added.
But voters had rejected Arpaio months before that. He was unseated by Paul Penzone, a veteran police officer who promised to be tough on crime without racially profiling people or violating their constitutional rights. As The Post’s Ben Guarino wrote, Arpaio had trailed Penzone in the polls by double digits in a Maricopa County that had become more liberal, with more Latino and young voters. Arpaio lost by 130,000 votes.
As The Post’s Dave Weigel wrote, Democrats thought that defeat — followed by the conviction — was the end of Arpaio’s political life.
This week, they were using his entry into the Senate race to garner support and donations.
The turnout group Vote Latino sent a message to donors. It said Arpaio should in “no way, shape or form be anywhere near our government.”
Read more:
Obama should be arrested for implying Trump needs a filter, Fox Business host suggests
This mayor won’t stop posting racist Obama memes. He won’t resign, either.
Oprah Winfrey’s weirdly revealing Donald Trump interview — from 1988
‘I can’t do this again’: Why a congressman walked out of moment of silence for Texas victims |||||
A: | Former Sheriff Joe Arpaio, now a candidate for Senate, used the massive text-alert gaffe in Hawaii over a nonexistent missile to dredge up the controversy over President Obama's birth certificate. "There's something wrong with that government," Arpaio said of Hawaii, per ABC News. "I know doing a certain investigation on a fake, fraudulent government document. They can’t even solve that case." At that point, Fox News interviewer Jeanine Pirro pushed back and informed Arpaio that Hawaii had, in fact, produced the birth certificate proving that Obama was a US citizen. But the 85-year-old Arpaio, a longtime "birther" who is running for Jeff Flake's seat in Arizona, wasn't budging. "Well, the only thing I’m saying is they can’t even solve a phony document." Pirro again countered him, "because they did solve that," and moved on. It's not the first time Arpaio has addressed the subject in his short candidacy. Just one day after announcing last week, he told CNN that he's sure Obama's birth certificate is fake. "No doubt about it," he said, per the Washington Post. "I'm not going to go into all the detail, but yes, it's a phony document." |
In this task, we ask you to elaborate the sentence without changing its general meaning. You can do so by explaining further the input sentence, using more precise wording, adding qualifiers and auxiliary information etc.
Whereas architecture focuses on individual buildings , urban design is about the design of whole neighbourhoods and entire cities .
In contrast to architecture , which focuses on the design of individual buildings , urban design deals with the larger scale of groups of buildings , streets and public spaces , whole neighbourhoods and districts , and entire cities , with the goal of making urban areas functional , attractive , and sustainable .
Benzer and Hirsch 's competing philosophies developed behavioral genetics , and helped it become a legitimate area of study in the scientific community .
Benzer and Hirsch 's competing philosophies served to provide necessary scientific tension in order to accelerate and enhance developments in behavioral genetics , helping it gain traction as a legitimate area of study in the scientific community .
VOR , short for VHF omnidirectional radio range , is a type of radio navigation system for aircraft , enabling them to find their position and stay on course by receiving radio signals emitted by a network of radio beacons .
| Very High Frequency ( VHF ) Omni-Directional Range ( VOR ) is a type of short-range radio navigation system for aircraft , enabling aircraft with a receiving unit to determine its position and stay on course by receiving radio signals transmitted by a network of fixed ground radio beacons .
|
Officials in Gladewater are working to figure out the cause behind elevated levels of lead in the city's drinking water. On Monday, the city sent out a notice advising residents that water tested from June to September had higher than usual levels of lead. Levels that were not a violation under fed
Officials in Gladewater figured out by the end of September what the cause is behind elevated levels of lead in the city's drinking water and they just aren't telling. OPTIONS:
- Yes
- It's impossible to say
- No
A: It's impossible to say
By the time Nat was washed and done up in a blanket by the fire , while Nursey cut his hair , a new detachment of boys arrived and were shut into the bath-room , where they made as much splashing and noise as a school of young whales at play .<br>`` Nat had better sleep here , so that if his cough troubles him in the night you can see that he takes a good draught of flax-seed tea , '' said Mrs. Bhaer , who was flying about like a distracted hen with a large brood of lively ducklings .
Mrs. Bhaer is literally a hen, not a person. OPTIONS:
- Yes
- It's impossible to say
- No
A: No
How to set up a christmas village<br>Locate the room that is most prepared to receive the christmas village. Is there some room that you want all your visitors to see once they step inside. Perhaps it can be located in an opening room foyer or living area that is located in or near the entrance doorway.
christmas village was made by george OPTIONS:
- Yes
- It's impossible to say
- No
A: | It's impossible to say |
Q: Val Burton wrote most of the movie, Henry Aldrich Plays Cupid.
Henry Aldrich Plays Cupid is a 1944 American comedy film directed by Hugh Bennett and written by Muriel Roy Bolton and Val Burton. The film stars Jimmy Lydon, Charles Smith, John Litel, Olive Blakeney, Diana Lynn and Vaughan Glaser. The film was released in April 1944, by Paramount Pictures.
OPTIONS:
- Yes
- It's impossible to say
- No
A: It's impossible to say
Q: The SoundCore's battery will not last for one day.
In addition to solid sound quality and impressive Bluetooth range, the standout feature here is the SoundCore's 24 hour battery life. I've owned one for over a year now, and while I'll occasionally remember to plug it in when I pass by a spare microUSB cord, it's never once given me a low battery warning, and I use it a lot.
OPTIONS:
- Yes
- It's impossible to say
- No
A: No
Q: You can purchase a dashboard mount for you phone.
How to keep your phone cool in the car<br>Keep your phone on a vent mount with air conditioning on if you need to use it. If you need to use your phone while you're in your car, purchase a mount that attaches to one of the dashboard air vents. Turn on the air conditioner so it keeps your phone cold.
OPTIONS:
- Yes
- It's impossible to say
- No
A: Yes
Q: jerry lee lewis was the first album by jerry lee lewis
Jerry Lee Lewis is the debut album by American musician and rock and roll pioneer Jerry Lee Lewis, released in 1958 on Sun Records. The album featured Lewis's hit "High School Confidential", but producer Sam Phillips did not include Lewis's bigger hits such as "Great Balls of Fire" and "Whole Lotta Shakin' Going On." The album is sometimes referred to as "High School Confidential".
OPTIONS:
- Yes
- It's impossible to say
- No
A: | Yes |
Given the task definition and input, reply with output. In this task, you will be presented with a context passage, a question about that paragraph, and a possible answer to that question. The task is to check the validity of the answer. Answer with "Yes" or "No".
Alexander's body was laid in a gold anthropoid sarcophagus that was filled with honey, which was in turn placed in a gold casket. According to Aelian, a seer called Aristander foretold that the land where Alexander was laid to rest "would be happy and unvanquishable forever". Perhaps more likely, the successors may have seen possession of the body as a symbol of legitimacy, since burying the prior king was a royal prerogative. While Alexander's funeral cortege was on its way to Macedon, Ptolemy seized it and took it temporarily to Memphis. His successor, Ptolemy II Philadelphus, transferred the sarcophagus to Alexandria, where it remained until at least late Antiquity. Ptolemy IX Lathyros, one of Ptolemy's final successors, replaced Alexander's sarcophagus with a glass one so he could convert the original to coinage. The recent discovery of an enormous tomb in northern Greece, at Amphipolis, dating from the time of Alexander the Great has given rise to speculation that its original intent was to be the burial place of Alexander. This would fit with the intended destination of Alexander's funeral cortege. Pompey, Julius Caesar and Augustus all visited the tomb in Alexandria, where Augustus, allegedly, accidentally knocked the nose off. Caligula was said to have taken Alexander's breastplate from the tomb for his own use. Around AD 200, Emperor Septimius Severus closed Alexander's tomb to the public. His son and successor, Caracalla, a great admirer, visited the tomb during his own reign. After this, details on the fate of the tomb are hazy. The so-called "Alexander Sarcophagus", discovered near Sidon and now in the Istanbul Archaeology Museum, is so named not because it was thought to have contained Alexander's remains, but because its bas-reliefs depict Alexander and his companions fighting the Persians and hunting. It was originally thought to have been the sarcophagus of Abdalonymus (died 311 BC), the king of Sidon appointed by Alexander immediately following the battle of Issus in 331. However, more recently, it has been suggested that it may date from earlier than Abdalonymus' death. <sep>What was special about Alexander's burial?<sep>It is in the northern Greece
| No |
You will be given a passage, and your task is to generate a Yes/No question that is answerable based on the given passage.
Input: Consider Input: Petroleum jelly, petrolatum, white petrolatum, soft paraffin/paraffin wax or multi-hydrocarbon, CAS number 8009-03-8, is a semi-solid mixture of hydrocarbons (with carbon numbers mainly higher than 25), originally promoted as a topical ointment for its healing properties.
Output: is paraffin wax the same as petroleum jelly?
Input: Consider Input: They are liquids used primarily as a topical antiseptic. They also have many industrial and household uses. The term ``rubbing alcohol'' has become a general non-specific term for either isopropyl alcohol (isopropanol) or ethyl alcohol (ethanol) rubbing-alcohol products.
Output: is ethyl alcohol the same as rubbing alcohol?
Input: Consider Input: Activated carbon, also called activated charcoal, is a form of carbon processed to have small, low-volume pores that increase the surface area available for adsorption or chemical reactions. Activated is sometimes substituted with active.
| Output: is activated carbon the same as activated charcoal?
|
Given the task definition and input, reply with output. In this task, you are given a question and a context passage. You have to answer the question based on the given passage.
In what kind of sport has Cork won single-digit championships?, Context: Hurling and football are the most popular spectator sports in the city. Hurling has a strong identity with city and county – with Cork winning 30 All-Ireland Championships. Gaelic football is also popular, and Cork has won 7 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship titles. There are many Gaelic Athletic Association clubs in Cork City, including Blackrock National Hurling Club, St. Finbarr's, Glen Rovers, Na Piarsaigh and Nemo Rangers. The main public venues are Páirc Uí Chaoimh and Páirc Uí Rinn (named after the noted Glen Rovers player Christy Ring). Camogie (hurling for ladies) and women's gaelic football are increasing in popularity.
| Gaelic football |
You will be given a passage, and your task is to generate a Yes/No question that is answerable based on the given passage.
Example input: Powdered sugar, also called confectioners' sugar, icing sugar, and icing cake, is a finely ground sugar produced by milling granulated sugar into a powdered state. It usually contains a small amount of anti-caking agent to prevent clumping and improve flow. Although most often produced in a factory, powdered sugar can also be made by processing ordinary granulated sugar in a coffee grinder, or by crushing it by hand in a mortar and pestle.
Example output: is confectionary sugar the same as powdered sugar?
Example explanation: The question is a yes/no question, and it is answerable based on the given passage.
Q: The four-second fall from the Golden Gate Bridge sends a person plunging 245 feet (75 m) at 75 miles per hour (121 km/h) to hit the waters of the San Francisco Bay ``with the force of a speeding truck meeting a concrete building.'' Jumping off the bridge holds a 98 percent fatality rate; As of 2005, it is estimated that 26 people have survived after jumping. Some die instantly from internal injuries, while others drown or die of hypothermia. The Golden Gate bridge's death toll has since been surpassed only by the Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge in China. In 2013, 118 potential jumpers were talked down from their attempt and did not jump.
A: | can you jump off the golden gate bridge and live? |
Detailed Instructions: You will be given a passage, and your task is to generate a Yes/No question that is answerable based on the given passage.
Q: The drinking age in Wisconsin is 21. Those under the legal drinking age may be served, possess, or consume alcohol if they are with a parent, legal guardian, or spouse who is of legal drinking age. Those age 18-20 may also be served, possess or consumer alcohol if they are with a parent, legal guardian, or spouse who is of legal drinking age. Those age 18 to 20 may also possess (but not consume) alcohol as part of their employment.
A: | can you drink alcohol in wisconsin with your parents? |
Instructions: In this task, we ask you to elaborate the sentence without changing its general meaning. You can do so by explaining further the input sentence, using more precise wording, adding qualifiers and auxiliary information etc.
Input: In aerobic organisms , this final electron acceptor is oxygen .
Output: | In aerobic organisms undergoing respiration , electrons are shuttled to an electron transport chain , and the final electron acceptor is oxygen . |
Teacher:In this task, we ask you to elaborate the sentence without changing its general meaning. You can do so by explaining further the input sentence, using more precise wording, adding qualifiers and auxiliary information etc.
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? Solve this instance: Sandalwood encompasses movies made in the Indian state of Karnataka .
Student: | Kannada cinema , also known as Chandanavana or Sandalwood , is the Indian film industry based in the state of Karnataka where motion pictures are produced in the Kannada language . |
Continue writing the next sentence.
How to clean your rat's teeth
Learn about your rat's dental needs.
Rats do not usually need any dental care, including brushing. Rat molars are located inside of a pouch in the back of their mouths behind a section of gums called the diastema. | A veterinarian has to use a speculum to dilate the pouch that contains the molars, so they are not accessible for brushing. The only visible teeth in your rat's mouth are the yellow or orange colored incisors in the front of his mouth. |
How to sue for gender discrimination
Gather information about the discriminatory conduct.
You must have detailed evidence if you intend to pursue charges of gender discrimination.
Consider keeping a record of all discriminatory statements or actions against you, including the date, time, and location of each incident and the names of everyone present or involved.
OPTIONS:
- There must also be enough evidence to support your claim that you discriminated. The plaintiff must be suing you for sexual discrimination if he or she has direct or confidential knowledge of your behaviors or activities.
- Write down these record entries as soon as possible after the incident occurs so the details remain fresh in your mind. You also should keep any written documents or other physical evidence of discriminatory conduct.
- The more details you have, the more valuable those evidence may be because you will be able to get an appropriate remedy for the situation. For example, suppose you decide to file an lawsuit in the workplace because a co-worker misbehaves and you're homeless.
- If you think the discriminatory conduct occurred in the workplace, make a list of the names of your employees in that positions. Keep a copy of this record for a later reference.
Write down these record entries as soon as possible after the incident occurs so the details remain fresh in your mind. You also should keep any written documents or other physical evidence of discriminatory conduct.
A man is shown wearing a helmet and climbing up on a rock wall. he
OPTIONS:
- continues to work his way up the rock wall while the camera captures his movements and panning around the mountains and water around them.
- rocks back and forth as he goes, flipping at the end.
- sits on the wall briefly.
- then stands on the side and moves backward.
continues to work his way up the rock wall while the camera captures his movements and panning around the mountains and water around them.
How to work at a hotel
Build a solid work history.
Although where you have worked is important, the amount of time you have spent in a given job is important as well. Try to stay with a job for at least three years.
OPTIONS:
- In other words, if you only put too much time and effort into building a solid work history, you won't have trouble getting hired in the next year or a year. To work at a hotel, the first thing you do to build a solid job history is to speak with staff at the hotel.
- Staying with an employer for three to four years shows commitment and stability. Build a solid yet related work history by starting at entry-level hotel positions like technical support, accounts payable, or even dishwashing.
- Make sure you do not miss the chance to learn a lot about local businesses. Apply for business training programs at hotel clubs and offices.
- If your time in the hotel darkens (or you move frequently), shift positions that are far more challenging are no longer available. Find other day to day jobs you might find more challenging, so that you will have at least a day to devote to your work.
Staying with an employer for three to four years shows commitment and stability. Build a solid yet related work history by starting at entry-level hotel positions like technical support, accounts payable, or even dishwashing.
A large group of people are seen wandering around an area. One person is seen shoveling dirt out of the back of a truck. the camera
OPTIONS:
- pans back to a town car driving down the road in the end.
- pans around to more people working.
- then follows the man as well as watching his shovel and doing a break dancing routine.
- pans around a busy street and leads into a woman kneeling down.
| pans around to more people working. |
Teacher:In this task, you are given a text of many news articles seperated by special token "|||||". Your task is to summarize them.
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? Solve this instance: Invasive Burmese python documented eating deer weighing more than python itself
Burmese python captured in Southwest Florida with large prey item
The Conservancy of Southwest Florida documented a Burmese python eating a white-tailed deer that weighed more than the python itself. This is believed to be the largest predator/prey ratio ever documented for the Burmese python, and possibly for any species of python. The findings will be published in the March 2018 issue of Herpetological Review.
“This observation is another important piece of evidence for the negative impact invasive Burmese pythons are having on native wildlife across the Greater Everglades Ecosystem” said Ian Bartoszek, Conservancy of Southwest Florida wildlife biologist. “Imagine the potential consequences to the state and federally protected Florida panther if Burmese pythons adversely affect the number of white-tailed deer, a panther’s primary prey.”
On April 7, 2015, Conservancy wildlife biologists and land managers from Collier-Seminole State Park discovered an 11-foot female Burmese python in the park that was visibly distended by a large food bulge. After capturing the snake and moving it to an open area, the snake began to regurgitate a young white-tailed deer.
Facebook Live of media event announcing find: March 1, 2018
Once both animals could be weighed, the team noted the fawn’s mass was 15.88 kilograms (35 pounds), which was 111.1 percent the mass of the python at 14.29 kg (31.5 pounds).
The find also questions if the Burmese python may be able to negatively impact the population of white-tailed deer by preying on young fawns before they are old enough to mate. Some studies suggest the Burmese python is responsible for a 90 percent decline in small mammal populations in the eastern Everglades. The Conservancy of Southwest Florida’s mission is to protect the region’s water, land wildlife and future.
Burmese python (14.29 kg) captured in Southwest Florida and a white tailed deer fawn (15.88 kg)
“Our research and removal efforts are driven by what the science shows us,” said Conservancy of Southwest Florida President and CEO Rob Moher. “We are learning valuable information that is helping us push back against this invasive species that is significantly and negatively impacting our native wildlife.”
Burmese python (14.29 kg) captured in Southwest Florida and prey item, a white tailed deer fawn (15.88 kg).
About our Burmese python research
The Conservancy of Southwest Florida is involved in Burmese python research in order to better understand their breeding and eating habits. This research is uncovering solutions to help control the population of this invasive species.
Since 2013, the Conservancy of Southwest Florida and research partners have been conducting radio telemetry fieldwork to document python biology and behavior in Collier County.
A primary objective is to develop a database of behavior and habitat uses to better understand invasive Burmese python activities in southwest Florida. This information will be used to help land managers to develop a strategy to help control the population of this invasive species.
Tracking
Adult pythons are captured, surgically implanted with a radio-transmitter, and released back at the capture site. These individuals are referred to as “sentinel snakes” for their ability to lead researchers to other pythons during the breeding season.
A total of 20 adult male pythons are currently under surveillance through radio telemetry, leading researchers to more pythons during the breeding season. This tracking method helps the team to gain a better understanding of their movement patterns and work to control the local population of this invasive apex predator. Adult female pythons and their eggs are humanely euthanized and the Conservancy of Southwest Florida’s wildlife biologists then perform a necropsy to examine the animal, log data and collect genetic samples for further studies.
Biologists are accumulating valuable life history information on the behavior of Burmese pythons in Southwest Florida. This information is leading to the development of an effective python removal technique that combines both hunting and radio-telemetry tracking efforts to target and remove breeding female pythons and disrupt the egg-laying cycle.
“If we can continue to target breeding female pythons for removal the results are two-fold,” said Moher. “We are keeping the invasive snakes from multiplying and reducing the overall impact on our native wildlife populations.”
“After five years of studying these cryptic animals, we know the best way to locate a female python in southwest Florida during the breeding season is by tracking a male python. We’ve effectively turned the pythons against themselves.” said Bartoszek.
As of February 2018, Conservancy biologists and research collaborators have removed hundreds of adult Burmese pythons with a combined weight of over 10,000 pounds (4,536 kg / 5 tons) from a localized area of Southwest Florida.
This project is primarily funded through private philanthropic support.
The Conservancy of Southwest Florida partners with scientists and land managers from the U.S. Geological Survey, Rookery Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve, Collier Seminole State Park, University of Florida, Florida Gulf Coast University, Denison University and Naples Zoo to study and address the problem of invasive Burmese pythons in Southwest Florida. ||||| NAPLES, Fla. (AP) — Researchers studying invasive Burmese pythons in Florida came upon something they'd never seen before: an 11-foot-long python had consumed an entire deer that weighed more than the snake itself.
The wildlife biologists tracking the slithery creatures stumbled upon bloated snake in Collier Seminole State Park, and when they moved the creature it began regurgitating a white-tailed deer fawn.
Biologist Ian Bartoszek told the Naples Daily News that the fawn weighed 35 pounds; the snake 31.5.
"We were sitting there just trying to process that an animal this size could get its head around what turned out to be a deer," Bartoszek said. "It's surreal to see that in the field."
Bartoszek said it was the largest python-to-prey weight difference he had measured.
Burmese pythons, which can grow nearly 20-feet long, were brought to South Florida as pets in the late 1970s. They were released into the wild, and have become a problematic invasive species.
White-tailed deer are an important food source for Florida's endangered panthers, so the researchers are concerned the pervasive snakes could also impact the health of the big cats.
If the snake had been left in the wild, it would have digested the entire deer, Bartoszek said.
He said the predator-to-prey size ratio stunned his team.
"It showed my team and myself what we were actually dealing with out there, what this python is capable of," he told the newspaper.
___
Information from: Naples (Fla.) Daily News, http://www.naplesnews.com |||||
Student: | Researchers studying invasive Burmese pythons in Florida came upon something they'd never seen before: an 11-foot-long python had consumed an entire deer that weighed more than the snake itself. The AP reports the wildlife biologists tracking the slithery creatures stumbled upon the bloated snake in Collier Seminole State Park, and when they moved the creature it began regurgitating a white-tailed deer fawn. (Photos here.) Biologist Ian Bartoszek told the Naples Daily News that the fawn weighed 35 pounds; the snake 31.5. "We were sitting there just trying to process that an animal this size could get its head around what turned out to be a deer," Bartoszek said. "It's surreal to see that in the field." Bartoszek said it was the largest python-to-prey weight difference he had measured. Burmese pythons, which can grow nearly 20-feet long, were brought to South Florida as pets in the late 1970s. They were released into the wild, and have become a problematic invasive species. White-tailed deer are an important food source for Florida's endangered panthers, so the researchers are concerned the pervasive snakes could also impact the health of the big cats. If the snake had been left in the wild, it would have digested the entire deer, Bartoszek said. He said the predator-to-prey size ratio stunned his team. "It showed my team and myself what we were actually dealing with out there, what this python is capable of," he told the Daily News. |
Teacher:In this task, you are given a question and a context passage. You have to answer the question based on the given passage.
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? Solve this instance: How do face down tiles get fastened, Context: The indirect method of applying tesserae is often used for very large projects, projects with repetitive elements or for areas needing site specific shapes. Tiles are applied face-down to a backing paper using an adhesive, and later transferred onto walls, floors or craft projects. This method is most useful for extremely large projects as it gives the maker time to rework areas, allows the cementing of the tiles to the backing panel to be carried out quickly in one operation and helps ensure that the front surfaces of the mosaic tiles and mosaic pieces are flat and in the same plane on the front, even when using tiles and pieces of differing thicknesses. Mosaic murals, benches and tabletops are some of the items usually made using the indirect method, as it results in a smoother and more even surface.
Student: | using an adhesive |
Given the task definition and input, reply with output. In this task, you are given a text of many news articles seperated by special token "|||||". Your task is to summarize them.
House Republicans delayed by at least a day a floor vote on their package to raise the debt ceiling, the latest challenge facing Speaker John Boehner and GOP leaders as they try to avoid a default on the nation’s debt.
The decision to move the vote to Thursday or beyond came after the Congressional Budget Office reported late Tuesday night that the package Boehner crafted would only reduce deficits by $850 billion, $150 billion short of the speaker’s goal of $ 1 trillion in budget and spending cuts.
Text Size -
+
reset Van Hollen on Boehner's plan POLITICO 44
House Republican leadership aides were looking for ways to revise the bill to address the shortfall. This could include either lowering the borrowing authority Congress approves, or recommending additional spending cuts. GOP aides said the first option is more likely. The United States is projected to default on its debt Aug. 2, according to the Treasury Department.
Tuesday’s evening drama was the latest challenge facing Boehner (R-Ohio), House Majority Leader Eric Cantor (R-Va.) and Majority Whip Kevin McCarthy (R-Calif.) as they push toward what’s considered the year’s biggest vote.
Some House Republicans are already skittish about leadership claims on budget savings following a spring battle over the 2011 budget. CBO found those savings were smaller than claimed by leadership.
Even leading up to Tuesday night’s decision to delay the vote by a day, Boehner and other GOP leaders engaged in a furious last-minute lobbying effort inside and outside the Capitol to pass their debt ceiling package. But the outcome of that vote and its timing remains far from certain, according to Republican lawmakers and aides.
With little or no Democratic support for the GOP plan, Boehner and his top lieutenants had to battle their own party on two fronts.
First, Boehner was hauling members who are undecided or leaning “no” into his Capitol suite for one-on-one meetings, using the time-honored tradition of his office to twist arms and win votes. Boehner had “made progress,” but the CBO scores threw all that progress into doubt.
And outside the Capitol, the top Republican leaders engaged in a PR campaign to win over conservative interest groups and opinion-makers.
The Republican leadership has privately reached out to conservative TV personalities like Sean Hannity and Brit Hume, and Wall Street Journal editorial page editor Paul Gigot, National Review’s Kate O’Beirne, Stephen Hayes of The Weekly Standard, David Brooks of The New York Times, George Will, Laura Ingraham, Mark Levin, and groups such as The Heritage Foundation, among others, have all heard from Republican leadership, including Chief Deputy Whip Peter Roskam of Illinois. And even former House Majority Leader Dick Armey (R-Texas), the chairman of FreedomWorks and a tea party favorite, got a call from GOP leaders. ||||| The news from the CBO alarmed conservatives, who were already balking at what they considered timid spending reductions. It also meant Boehner’s bill would not meet his own demand that the cuts exceed the size of the $900 billion debt-limit increase.
House Republicans were racing Tuesday night to rewrite portions of the measure to bring the numbers into line. The vote could now come Thursday.
As Boehner (R-Ohio) pressed toward a cliffhanger vote in the House, President Obama signaled that he would veto the measure because it would force another battle over the debt limit early next year. Meanwhile, Reid (D-Nev.) pronounced the proposal “dead on arrival” in the Senate, where Democrats were struggling to rally votes for their own plan to raise the debt limit by $2.7 trillion — enough additional borrowing authority to cover the nation’s bills into 2013.
The legislative maneuvering played out against a backdrop of public outrage, as the Capitol switchboard became jammed and visitors swamped congressional Web sites, apparently heeding a call Obama made Monday in a prime-time national address for Americans to contact their representatives in Congress.
At the height of the deluge, the Capitol was receiving 40,000 calls per hour — twice as many as normal. Some people encouraged lawmakers to stand firm, others demanded a resolution to the weeks-long stalemate that threatens to undermine the sputtering U.S. recovery and damage the nation’s global standing. Still others were simply worried that the impasse could prevent their Social Security checks from arriving on time.
Kate Cyrul, a spokeswoman for Sen. Tom Harkin, said the Iowa Democrat’s office had received more than 700 e-mails and letters overnight, the majority of which “expressed frustration with the debt process and said that we should reach a compromise.”
The national debt has already hit the $14.3 trillion legal limit. Unless Congress acts by next Tuesday, Treasury officials say they could begin running short of cash for federal health-care and retirement benefits, military salaries and payments due investors, potentially throwing the U.S. government into default for the first time. Even if a default is avoided, credit-rating companies are threatening to downgrade the nation’s AAA rating, a move that could drive up interest rates for governments at all levels, as well as for ordinary Americans. Some Republicans have challenged the Treasury’s warnings and said the economic fallout would be limited. |||||
| John Boehner and Harry Reid are frantically scrambling to cobble together support for their dueling debt plans after Boehner was forced to delay a House floor vote on his proposal until tomorrow ... or beyond. The delay was a direct result of the CBO's report that Boehner's package falls short—it will only save $850 billion, not $1 trillion—but the speaker is also dealing with the fact that, by some estimates, 40 to 50 of his fellow GOP lawmakers are "no" votes or undecided. He has yet to solidify the 217 "yes" votes he needs, and has been calling members who oppose him into his office for one-on-ones, Politico reports. At least two prominent conservative groups are also against the plan, although the US Chamber of Commerce is for it. Aides to leading House Republicans are trying to find ways to address the $150 billion shortfall, with the most likely option being to lower the borrowing authority Congress approves. Meanwhile, Boehner and his fellow leaders are lobbying both inside and outside the Capitol for support, reaching out to everyone from Sean Hannity to David Brooks to former House Majority Leader Dick Armey. They're arguing that Reid will be forced to pass the House plan when his plan fails in the Senate, sources say, and that Obama will be forced to sign it despite his veto threat. Reid is struggling to get the votes he needs for the Democratic plan—he'll likely need Republican support, the Washington Post reports, noting that at this point both alternatives "appear doomed without significant bipartisan modifications." |
Agatha Christie's Marple (or simply Marple) is a British ITV television series loosely based on the books and short stories by British crime novelist Agatha Christie. The title character was played by Geraldine McEwan from the first to third series, until her retirement from the role, and by Julia McKenzie from the fourth series onwards.
Can we draw the following conclusion?
Geraldine McEwan played the title character for less than 2 series. | No |
In this task, you are given a question and a context passage. You have to answer the question based on the given passage.
On what planet are the countries that import Guinea-Bissau's exports located?, Context: Guinea-Bissau's GDP per capita is one of the lowest in the world, and its Human Development Index is one of the lowest on earth. More than two-thirds of the population lives below the poverty line. The economy depends mainly on agriculture; fish, cashew nuts and ground nuts are its major exports.
earth
Who wanted Kip to play himself?, Context: In June 2006, Steven Spielberg announced he would direct a scientifically accurate film about "a group of explorers who travel through a worm hole and into another dimension", from a treatment by Kip Thorne and producer Lynda Obst. In January 2007, screenwriter Jonathan Nolan met with them to discuss adapting Obst and Thorne's treatment into a narrative screenplay. The screenwriter suggested the addition of a "time element" to the treatment's basic idea, which was welcomed by Obst and Thorne. In March of that year, Paramount hired Nolan, as well as scientists from Caltech, forming a workshop to adapt the treatment under the title Interstellar. The following July, Kip Thorne said there was a push by people for him to portray himself in the film. Spielberg later abandoned Interstellar, which was eventually directed by Christopher Nolan.
people
what was the second to last ethnicity mentioned?, Context: In 1870, following the stunning defeat of the French Army by the Germans in the Franco-Prussian War, French workers and socialist revolutionaries seized Paris and created the Paris Commune. The Commune lasted for two months before it was crushed by the French Army, with much bloodshed. The original red banners of the Commune became icons of the socialist revolution; in 1921 members of the French Communist Party came to Moscow and presented the new Soviet government with one of the original Commune banners; it was placed (and is still in place) in the tomb of Vladimir Lenin, next to his open coffin.
| French
|
In this task, we ask you to elaborate the sentence without changing its general meaning. You can do so by explaining further the input sentence, using more precise wording, adding qualifiers and auxiliary information etc.
Example Input: Among other things Cohn showed that " Bacillus " can change from a vegetative state to an endospore when conditions are hard .
Example Output: Among other things Cohn is remembered for being the first to show that " Bacillus " can change from a vegetative state to an endospore state when subjected to an environment deleterious to the vegetative state .
Example Input: Fax ( short for facsimile ) , or telecopying , is the transmission of scanned printed material ( both text and images ) , to a telephone number connected to a printer or other output device .
Example Output: Fax ( short for facsimile ) , sometimes called telecopying or telefax ( the latter short for telefacsimile ) , is the telephonic transmission of scanned printed material ( both text and images ) , normally to a telephone number connected to a printer or other output device .
Example Input: It is in San Diego County , California next to Oceanside , San Clemente , Cleveland National Forest , Orange County , Riverside County and Fallbrook .
Example Output: | It is on the Southern California coast , in San Diego County , and bordered by Oceanside to the south , Cleveland National Forest , San Clemente , and Orange County to the north , Riverside County to the northeast , and Fallbrook to the east .
|
In this task, we ask you to elaborate the sentence without changing its general meaning. You can do so by explaining further the input sentence, using more precise wording, adding qualifiers and auxiliary information etc.
One example: The Inheritance Cycle is a series of fantasy books written by Christopher Paolini.
Solution is here: The Inheritance Cycle is a tetralogy of young adult high fantasy novels written by American author Christopher Paolini.
Explanation: The output sentence elaborates on the input sentence without changing its general meaning e.g. "tetralogy of young adult high fantasy novels".
Now, solve this: Many predatory mammals have claws that can hide inside the animal 's paw , especially animals such as the cat .
Solution: | Many predatory mammals have protractile claws that can partially hide inside the animal 's paw , especially the cat family , Felidae , almost all of whose members have fully protractible claws . |
You will be given a definition of a task first, then some input of the task.
In this task, you will be presented with a context passage, a question about that paragraph, and a possible answer to that question. The task is to check the validity of the answer. Answer with "Yes" or "No".
As food is pushed along, it undergoes digestion. Digestion is the process of breaking down food into nutrients. There are two types of digestion: mechanical digestion and chemical digestion. Mechanical digestion occurs when large chunks are turned into smaller chucks. Perhaps not surprisingly, this happens when you chew your food. Once you swallow the food, your stomach also does some of this work. Chemical digestion occurs when food is broken down into useful nutrients. This is a chemical process that begins as you start to chew your food. The saliva in your mouth starts this process. Once you swallow, the acid in your stomach further breaks down food. From the stomach, the foods moves into the small intestine. In the small intestines, another set of chemicals goes to work. Are you surprised? Your small intestine, and not your stomach, does most of the work! <sep>Where do foods move into from stomach?<sep>Gut
Output: | No |
How to add metatags
Familiarize yourself with the purpose of meta tags.
Meta tags are html tags that allow you to provide keywords relevant to your site's content that help search engines index your site. By using meta tags, you improve your site's chances of being displayed high on a list of search engine results.
OPTIONS:
- Decide what keywords you will list in your meta tags. These keywords should be relevant to your site's content.
- Target your search engines to your keywords. Meta tags tend to focus on your keywords.
- Furthermore, meta tags lead to fewer search engines who search for keywords and instead send you products with smart apps or applications that can help you search for keywords. Meta tags are dynamic pieces of code that help to define what your site will and will not be displayed.
- Choose the size of your website or website. Meta tags can be expanded to make your site more abbreviated, so your smaller website or website will yield at least 1 html tag.
Decide what keywords you will list in your meta tags. These keywords should be relevant to your site's content.
question: Complete the next sentence:
How to hand sew a small pillow
Choose your cloth.
Make sure it is at least two feet wide and long.
Lay your piece of cloth out with the side you want to be on the outside of your pillow, up.
OPTIONS:
- Roll it up with your pillowcase on the first side. Once you have rolled it up, trim the edges of the cloth so the ends are even.
- Now fold it in half so that the side you want is in the inside of the fold. Measure out a foot square (the photo shows a pillow this size), but you can change the size if wished.
- Open the cloth all the way if it is to be the side you will be sewing on and then tap it to seal in the seams. Make sure the cloth is still on the pillow.
- Turn the square facing you inwards so that there is a marked border on one side. Arrange the cloth, from 1 end to the other, in so that there's about one " o.
answer: Now fold it in half so that the side you want is in the inside of the fold. Measure out a foot square (the photo shows a pillow this size), but you can change the size if wished.
Problem: Write the next sentence for:
How to treat seasonal allergies as an asthmatic
Visit an allergist.
An allergist can help diagnose what is causing the worst of your asthma symptoms. Seeing an allergist is particularly recommended if you have severe, daily asthma attacks, if you have severe seasonal allergies, or if you need help figuring out what your symptoms are.
OPTIONS:
- Ask your doctor, health care provider, or local asthma clinic to refer you to a qualified allergist. Rule out something important in your allergies.
- An allergist may suggest podcasts of famous allercians with unique experiences to diagnose seasonal asthma. Bring your own podcasts with you to take your ailments into consideration.
- The allergist is often covered by medical insurance, so speak to an allergist at your appointment for advice. You will need to make an appointment at least once a month to discuss problems with allergy issues.
- Also, if you've been in the hospital because of asthma, you'll likely need to see an allergist. Ask about being tested for allergies..
Next sentence: Also, if you've been in the hospital because of asthma, you'll likely need to see an allergist. Ask about being tested for allergies.
context: How to treat avian pox in button quail
Know the symptoms of the pox.
It is a viral disease that comes in both wet and dry forms. Birds of all ages can be infected, but quail chicks are particularly vulnerable.
OPTIONS:
- Once the infection begins it can take between three and five weeks for the virus to finish its course. When infected with the wet form of the virus, a quail will suffer from irritation in the respiratory system, including internal lesions.
- Since the pox is contagious within a few hours of the first killing of the chickens, the disease may infect the sheds and/or other structures in the flock or surrounding buildings. It is particularly easy to diagnose and treat the pox in dry weather, so be sure you check that gardens and coop equipment are accessible.
- It is usually not part of the breeding season for quail. However, if you are sick with the pox, you should bring along a bulb or a small syringe for disinfectant.
- You should watch out for signs that the infection comes into contact with your quail's hind quarters and other areas. The parasites that cause the pox are also at risk.
****
next sentence for the context: Once the infection begins it can take between three and five weeks for the virus to finish its course. When infected with the wet form of the virus, a quail will suffer from irritation in the respiratory system, including internal lesions.
IN: What happens next?
A group of swimmers are in a public pool. they
OPTIONS:
- are dancing as they swim.
- are attempting to hit a goal.
- are surfing, going over the waves with little clothing on.
- are involved in a game of water polo.
OUT: are involved in a game of water polo.
question: Complete the next sentence:
How to meet a girl at a party
Prep yourself.
First things first: wear your favorite clothes. If you just bought a new shirt put it on.
OPTIONS:
- If you already have all the shirts and decorations/you can keep it with you if you must wear lots of mismatched matching clothes make sure you've done the prep work well before the party. Then just give yourself a head start in the most important areas.
- Underneath is whatever they keep on hangers. Dry your body with a towel before you go.
- Just wear clothes that make you feel comfortable, confident, and make sure that in your head you know you look good in them. Prepping also involves smelling good, so take a shower, shave, and put on your favorite cologne.
- If you're going to a first-day party just try to wear it. Otherwise always wear your favorite clothes; make sure they fit correctly before going! Get the right time.
answer: | Just wear clothes that make you feel comfortable, confident, and make sure that in your head you know you look good in them. Prepping also involves smelling good, so take a shower, shave, and put on your favorite cologne. |
In this task, you are given a question and a context passage. You have to answer the question based on the given passage.
Input: Consider Input: how many seats does the theatre located on First Hill have?, Context: The 5th Avenue Theatre, built in 1926, stages Broadway-style musical shows featuring both local talent and international stars. Seattle has "around 100" theatrical production companies and over two dozen live theatre venues, many of them associated with fringe theatre; Seattle is probably second only to New York for number of equity theaters (28 Seattle theater companies have some sort of Actors' Equity contract). In addition, the 900-seat Romanesque Revival Town Hall on First Hill hosts numerous cultural events, especially lectures and recitals.
Output: 900
Input: Consider Input: Did the Tulsa Talons move to San Antonio first or did the Tulsa Shock move to Dallas-Fort Worth first?, Context: Oklahoma has teams in basketball, football, arena football, baseball, soccer, hockey, and wrestling located in Oklahoma City, Tulsa, Enid, Norman, and Lawton. The Oklahoma City Thunder of the National Basketball Association (NBA) is the state's only major league sports franchise. The state had a team in the Women's National Basketball Association, the Tulsa Shock, from 2010 through 2015, but the team relocated to Dallas–Fort Worth after that season and became the Dallas Wings. Oklahoma supports teams in several minor leagues, including Minor League Baseball at the AAA and AA levels (Oklahoma City Dodgers and Tulsa Drillers, respectively), hockey's ECHL with the Tulsa Oilers, and a number of indoor football leagues. In the last-named sport, the state's most notable team was the Tulsa Talons, which played in the Arena Football League until 2012, when the team was moved to San Antonio. The Oklahoma Defenders replaced the Talons as Tulsa's only professional arena football team, playing the CPIFL. The Oklahoma City Blue, of the NBA Development League, relocated to Oklahoma City from Tulsa in 2014, where they were formerly known as the Tulsa 66ers. Tulsa is the base for the Tulsa Revolution, which plays in the American Indoor Soccer League. Enid and Lawton host professional basketball teams in the USBL and the CBA.
Output: Tulsa Talons
Input: Consider Input: At what later point was a new way of worship absent from the region?, Context: The Kushan Empire, a collection of Yuezhi tribes, took control of the region in the first century CE and ruled until the 4th century CE during which time Buddhism, Nestorian Christianity, Zoroastrianism, and Manichaeism were all practiced in the region. Later the Hephthalite Empire, a collection of nomadic tribes, moved into the region and Arabs brought Islam in the early eighth century. Central Asia continued in its role as a commercial crossroads, linking China, the steppes to the north, and the Islamic heartland.
| Output: 4th century CE
|
You will be given a definition of a task first, then some input of the task.
You will be given a passage, and your task is to generate a Yes/No question that is answerable based on the given passage.
Powered speakers, also known as self-powered speakers and active speakers, are loudspeakers that have built-in amplifiers. Powered speakers are used in a range of settings, including in sound reinforcement systems (used at live music concerts), both for the main speakers facing the audience and the monitor speakers facing the performers; by DJs performing at dance events and raves; in private homes as part of hi-fi or home cinema audio systems and as computer speakers. They can be connected directly to a mixing console or other low-level audio signal source without the need for an external amplifier. Some active speakers designed for sound reinforcement system use have an onboard mixing console and microphone preamplifier, which enables microphones to be connected directly to the speaker.
Output: | do you need an amp with powered speakers? |
In this task, you are given a question and a context passage. You have to answer the question based on the given passage.
Which came first, the Geneva Declaration of the Right of Children Act or the Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act?, Context: International influences help to encourage legal actions to be taken in India, such as the Geneva Declaration of the Right of Children Act was passed in 1924. This act was followed by The Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948 to which incorporated the basic human rights and needs of children for proper progression and growth in their younger years. These international acts encouraged major changes to the workforce in India which occurred in 1986 when the Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act was put into place. This act prohibited hiring children younger than the age of 14, and from working in hazardous conditions. | Geneva Declaration of the Right of Children Act |
In this task, you will be presented with a context passage, a question about that paragraph, and a possible answer to that question. The task is to check the validity of the answer. Answer with "Yes" or "No".
"Femme" is an apt description of the depiction of Madame White Snake and all her incarnations. It refers to a woman who is dangerously attractive, and lures men to their downfall with her sexual attractiveness. In both incarnations of Madame White snake, the authors depict her as bewitchingly beautiful. Toyoo, her human lover in "Lust of the White Serpant" cannot shake the image of her beauty from his mind and dreams of her, and finds himself "disturbed and agitated" by her "ethereal beauty". In "Eternal Prisoner," Madame White Snake's bewitching beauty follows her lover Hsü into his dreams, and the next morning "he was so distracted that he could not concentrate on doing business." Both of these stories align negative connotations with her beauty, suggesting that her sexuality is the cause of their distraction. In addition to distracting sexuality, the irregular characterization of Madame White Snake might be another trait her character has in common with the archetypical noir femme fatale. In her essay analyzing the noir film from a feminist perspective, Christine Gledhill writes "Not only is the hero frequently not sure whether the woman is honest or a deceiver, but the heroine's characterisation is itself fractured so that it is not evident to the audience whether she fills the [femme fatale] stereotype or not". <sep>What does Madame White Snake use to distract and deceive?<sep>Sexual attractiveness and ethereal beauty | Yes |
In this task you will be given an answer to a question. You need to generate a question. The answer given should be a correct answer for the generated question.
Example: This list contains the top 25 accounts with the most followers on the social photo-sharing platform Instagram. As of May 2018, the most followed user is Instagram's own account, with over 235 million followers. Selena Gomez is the most followed individual, with over 137 million followers. Ten accounts have exceeded 100 million followers on the site.
Example solution: who has the maximum number of followers on instagram
Example explanation: The answer is talking about the Instagram accounts that have the most followers. The question asking about the maximum number of followers. So this is a good example.
Problem: The Yellow Sea is the name given to the northern part of the East China Sea, which is a marginal sea of the Pacific Ocean. It is located between mainland China and the Korean Peninsula. Its name comes from the sand particles from Gobi Desert sand storms that turn the surface of the water golden yellow.
| Solution: where is the yellow sea located on a world map |
Write the next sentence in the following story.
How to buy a classic pontiac
Know more about pontiac before making a purchase decision.
Pontiacs were sold in the united states, canada and mexico by general motors and were introduced in 1926. You may stumble across a predecessor vehicle named pontiac made by pontiac spring & wagon works.
Choose your answer from: 1). Pontiac's 1969 semi-suvs were very useful to turn into classic cars. Known as synesthesia, these three suvs were the most popular and faster among former pontiacs.. 2). Visit again at the following site for more information on the 48 year (960) year history of pontiac and sample pieces of history. Go into a car dealership if you want to take your pontiac for a test drive.. 3). Research any dealerships already in your area. If you are looking for a particular model, it is best to research at least two other models.. 4). They had a prototype ready in 1907, and had their first deliveries rolled out around 1908. Prewar vehicles were known for being solid and quiet, but not necessarily strong... The answer should be | 4). |
Detailed Instructions: In this task, you are given a text of many news articles seperated by special token "|||||". Your task is to summarize them.
Q: WASHINGTON (MarketWatch) — The number of U.S. workers who filed new applications for unemployment benefits dropped sharply, by 30,000, last week to 339,000, the lowest level in more than four years, the Labor Department reported Thursday in what may have been the result of a statistical fluke.
Reuters A counselor meets with job candidates during a job fair in September at Workforce1 in New York.
Economists polled by MarketWatch had expected initial claims in the week of Oct. 6 to rise 1,000 to a seasonally adjusted 368,000. Last week’s number was revised up by 2,000 to 369,000.
The four-week average of new claims, meanwhile, dropped 11,500 to 364,000, the lowest level since late March. The moving average is considered a more accurate barometer of employment trends because it smooths out quirks in the weekly data.
Today’s data seemingly fit with the improvement in the labor market seen in the latest monthly jobs report, issued last Friday. The U.S. added 114,000 net jobs in September and the unemployment rate fell below 8% for the first time since President Barack Obama took office. Read more on payrolls report.
“Maybe the unemployment rate drop wasn’t a fluke?” said Robert Brusca, chief economist at FAO Economics.
Still, analysts were cautious about reading too much into one week’s report. They noted that seasonal adjustment factors tend to be positive at the start of a quarter.
A Department of Labor analyst said that a single large state was responsible for most of the drop in claims.
“This suggests that the plunge in seasonally adjusted claims likely overstates some recent labor market progress, though we continue to note that trends in claims are looking more positive,” said Gennadiy Goldberg, an interest rate strategist at TD Securities.
Added Stephen Stanley of Pierpont Securities: “The formula for the size of a claimant’s benefit check is derived based on an average of their last few quarters of pay (the more you were earning before being laid off, the bigger your unemployment check would be). Thus, in many cases, it pays for a laid-off worker to game the formula by waiting until the beginning of the next calendar quarter to file (if they can wait that long), as they may have been getting paid more in the quarter when they were laid off than in the quarter that rolls out of the equation if they wait.”
“As a result, there is an accumulation of claims that are likely submitted over a period of several weeks but not processed until the turn of the quarter. Apparently, the state in question (and it pretty much has to be California to account for anything close to 30,000) forgot to include that stockpile of unprocessed claims in their tally for this week (which is the first week of a new calendar quarter). Since the seasonal factors expected an unadjusted surge of almost 20% in the period to account for the quarterly filing pattern, failure to adhere to that pattern in the raw data (unadjusted claims were only up 8.6%) creates a big drop seasonally adjusted.”
U.S. stocks SPX, -0.69% were stronger Thursday after the report. Read Market Snapshot.
In the week of Sept. 29, the number of people who continued to receive benefits under state unemployment programs declined 15,000 to a seasonally adjusted 3.27 million. The four-week average of continuing claims fell by 7,750 to 3.28 million.
About 5 million people received some kind of state or federal benefit in the week ended Sept. 22, down 43,970 from the prior week. Total claims are reported with a two-week lag. There were 6.8 million people receiving benefits in the same week in 2011.
In a separate report, the government said that the trade gap widened in August to $44.2 billion as exports declined for the third straight month. Read trade story.
More from MarketWatch ||||| UPDATE: A source explained to us exactly what happened and which state accounted for the plunge. Read more here.
Earlier this morning, the Department of Labor reported that initial jobless claims plunged to 339K from 369K a week ago.
Economists were looking for a reading of 370k.
Immediately, Twitter exploded with tweets mocking Jack Welch, who claimed last week's jobs report was fixed to artificially drop the September unemployment rate to 7.8 percent from 8.1 percent in August.
Coincidentally, cryptic messages came through from Bloomberg and the WSJ that raised doubts about today's report. From Bloomberg:
One state accounted for most of the plunge in claims, a Labor Department spokesman said as the data were issued to the press.
And from the WSJ:
"However, the report may not be as positive as the sharp drop indicates. A Labor Department economist said one large state didn't report additional quarterly figures as expected, accounting for a substantial part of the decrease."
Initially, rumors started circulating that an entire state's worth of jobless claims was excluded.
The DoL was not immediately available to comment.
However, CNBC's Kelly Evans is reporting that the discrepancy is that "one state did not process & report its typical seasonal workload" and that a rebound next week is likely.
We will update as we get more details.
<div>Please enable Javascript to watch this video</div> ||||| Dow Jones Reprints: This copy is for your personal, non-commercial use only. To order presentation-ready copies for distribution to your colleagues, clients or customers, use the Order Reprints tool at the bottom of any article or visit www.djreprints.com ||||| The number of Americans seeking unemployment aid plummeted last week to seasonally adjusted 339,000, the lowest level in more than four years. The sharp drop offered a hopeful sign that the job market could pick up.
In this Friday Sept. 28, 2012, photo, a group of veterans listen during a session with one of the employers at a job fair introducing veterans to careers in the security and private investigations industry... (Associated Press)
The Labor Department said Thursday that weekly applications fell by 30,000 to the fewest since February 2008. The four-week average, a less volatile measure, dropped by 11,500 to 364,000, a six-month low.
The positive figures follow a report last week that said the unemployment rate fell in September to 7.8 percent. It was the first time since January 2009 that the rate dropped below 8 percent.
A Labor Department spokesman cautioned that the weekly applications can be volatile, particularly at the start of a quarter. And the spokesman said one large state accounted for much of the decline. The spokesman did not name the state.
Unemployment benefit applications are a proxy for layoffs. When they consistently drop below 375,000, it suggests that hiring is strong enough to lower the unemployment rate.
Some economists said they want to see more data before suggesting the job market is turning around.
"Should this level hold for another week, it would flag a meaningful improvement in October" hiring, said Sal Guatieri, senior economist at BMO Capital Markets, in a note to clients.
Dan Greenhaus, chief market strategist at BTIG LLC, is also reserving judgment. "Are things that much better all of a sudden? Perhaps. We're going to wait for some corroborating data."
The total number of people receiving unemployment benefits also fell, the Labor Department said. A little more than 5 million Americans received benefits in the week ending Sept. 22, the latest data available. That's down about 44,000 from the previous week.
Last week's report noted that the unemployment rate declined to 7.8 percent in September from 8.1 percent in August because a government survey of households found that 873,000 more people had jobs. It was the biggest jump in nearly 10 years, although it was largely because of an increase in part-time employment.
Still, a separate survey of businesses showed that employers added only 114,000 jobs in September. That's generally enough to keep pace with population growth but not enough to rapidly bring relief to more than 12 million who are unemployed.
Hiring over the summer was stronger than previously estimated. The economy gained an average of 146,000 jobs a month in the July-September quarter. That's more than double the monthly pace in the April-June quarter.
Another report Wednesday suggested hiring will likely remain modest. Employers posted slightly fewer open jobs in August compared with July, the Labor Department said. It was the second straight monthly drop and the fewest openings since April.
A key problem is the economy is not growing fast enough to generate much hiring. Growth slowed to a tepid annual rate of 1.3 percent in the April-June quarter, down from 2 percent in the previous quarter. Most economists see growth staying at or below 2 percent in the second half of the year. |||||
A: | Jobless claims plunged to 339,000 this week, putting them at a four-and-a-half-year low and drastically lower than the 370,000 economists expected, the Labor Department announced today. But there was a fly in the ointment. A department spokesperson said that one large state accounted for a large portion of the decline, the AP reports. A Wall Street Journal report indicated that the state "didn't report additional quarterly figures as expected." (MarketWatch thinks it has to be California.) A CNBC correspondent later tweeted that the state appears to have failed to process "its typical seasonal workload," Business Insider reports. Weekly job numbers are prone to volatility anyway, the department noted. "Throw out the number and we'll try again next week," one trader tells CNBC. Numbers overall are headed in a good direction—the more stable four-week average fell to 364,000; anything below 375,000 is considered a sign the economy is adding jobs. Of course, it's probably a matter of time before Jack Welch says the missing state weirdness is a sign of White House book-cooking. |
Detailed Instructions: In this task, you are given a text of many news articles seperated by special token "|||||". Your task is to summarize them.
Problem:What the video showed was a state police helicopter, dropping in above a tailgate party.
The chopper blew around tents, grills, debris and even revelers as it hovered above the festivities outside of Beaver Stadium Saturday.
What it doesn't show, the Pennsylvania State Police say, is tailgaters getting out of hand, assaulting police horses and injuring a trooper prior to the Aviation Unit being called in.
At least one person has been arrested and a state trooper suffered a broken wrist during the Saturday incident in State College before Penn State's Whiteout game against rival Ohio State, said Cpl. Adam Reed, spokesman for the Pennsylvania State Police.
Numerous videos posted on YouTube and social media show the state police helicopter flying in low on the incident.
This should blow over well. State Police flew a helicopter very low over tailgates sending tents, grills and other debris flying pic.twitter.com/NoweMUkJZF -- Barstool Penn State (@PSUBarstool) September 30, 2018
@NBCNewsToday please help investigate whose idea it was to fly a PA state police helicopter 30' above a tailgate that had families and hot grills and tents at a Penn State tailgate pic.twitter.com/zyyTWiMTP0 -- paul fortino (@paul_fortino) October 1, 2018
Reed said today the large-scale party, with more than 500 people, was getting out of hand, creating a risk to other people and property. The state police, along with their Tactical Mounted Unit, went in to get the situation under control.
"First, the tailgaters ignored commands to disperse from law enforcement on the ground," he said. "The crowd began to turn unruly and two PSP horses were assaulted and a trooper was injured."
The ground units were pulled back in an effort to deescalate the situation, Reed said, and the aviation unit was called in.
Crews on the helicopter issued commands over a loudspeaker, ordering the crowd disperse. The intent was not to cause the disruption on the ground seen in the videos, though, Reed said. The helicopter only got that low to ensure people on the ground heard the commands, he added.
"When personnel on the scene noticed the helicopter was low enough to disturb items on the ground, the helicopter pulled up to a higher altitude," he said.
The crowd dispersed shortly afterwards.
The Tactical Mounted Unit and Aviation Section are routinely called in to assist in events with large crowds, he said.
The two horses were not injured in the incident. ||||| Published on Sep 30, 2018
Pennsylvania State Police used approximately 20 troopers on foot and 6 mounted troopers in an attempt to break up a very large, rowdy tailgate party, before the Ohio State / Penn State game on 9/29/18.
When that didn't work, they called in a state police helicopter.
The helicopter pilot used the p.a. to order the crowd to disperse. And then apparently used the downdraft to get the point across, blowing down canopies, etc.. Although I don't personally think that was the intent.
Two interesting things to note:
1) At 28 seconds you can see that someone in the area of the red canopies, threw something up at the helicopter. Whatever was thrown only made it to about half the height of the helicopter.
2) At 1:20 into the video, you can see that something is dropped/thrown straight down from the helicopter, into the crowd. I have no idea what the object was, but it appeared to be about the size of a 2-liter bottle.
Correction to #2 - Watching the video again in slow motion, it is clear that a piece of light debris (paper/plastic bag?) was drawn up into the downdraft and then shot straight down to the ground. ||||| Please enable Javascript to watch this video
UNIVERSITY PARK -- A low flying State Police helicopter sent tailgate tents and other party supplies flying into the air Saturday at a parking lot outside Beaver Stadium. State Police responded Monday to say this was in response to a "large-scale party that was getting out of hand."
In video shared on social media, you can see the helicopter fly over the grass parking lot full of vehicles and a crowd tailgating, then it turns around and flies even lower. That's when tailgate tents were launched into the air.
In a statement released Monday afternoon, Pennsylvania State Police said troopers were called to help with a party in a parking lot that was creating a risk to "persons and property." The statement said tailgaters "first ignored commands to disperse from law enforcement on the ground."
"Then PSP deployed personnel, including the Pennsylvania State Police Tactical Mounted Unit. The crowd began to turn unruly and two PSP horses were assaulted and a trooper was injured. Ground units pulled back in an effort to deescalate the situation."
Videos contain profanity
That's when troopers said the PSP Aviation Unit was called in to help. At first it was used to issue commands for the crowd to break up using a loud speaker.
"When personnel on scene noticed the helicopter was low enough to disturb items on the ground, the helicopter pulled up to a higher altitude," read the statement from state police.
Many people went on social media to complain about the low flying helicopter including those who said their tailgates were ruined by it.
Video shared by Nittany Lion Wearhouse & Ticket Exchange shows fans ducking as debris flying through the air as the helicopter passes overhead.
@PSUPolice101 Crazy tactics by the police at a Penn State tailgate yesterday. Looks like FAA regulations were broken when a police helicopter flew down low to take out tailgates. Very unsafe as the police had mounted horses around that could have been hit by debris! pic.twitter.com/B6OrcJUSbF — Scott Olson (@beammeup67) October 1, 2018 |||||
Solution: | State police in Pennsylvania are defending their use of a low-flying helicopter to bring a rowdy Penn State tailgate party under control Saturday. Video shared on social media shows the helicopter sending tents and grills flying as it hovers over the gathering outside Beaver Stadium before the game against Ohio State, PennLive.com reports. Pennsylvania State Police said in a statement Monday that they were called about a party "creating risk to persons and property and the crowd "first ignored commands to disperse from law enforcement on the ground," WNEP reports. "Then PSP deployed personnel, including the Pennsylvania State Police Tactical Mounted Unit," police said. "The crowd began to turn unruly and two PSP horses were assaulted and a trooper was injured. Ground units pulled back in an effort to deescalate the situation." It was then, the police statement said, that the aviation unit was called in to use a loudspeaker to order the crowd to disperse. "When personnel on scene noticed the helicopter was low enough to disturb items on the ground, the helicopter pulled up to a higher altitude," police said. At least one person was arrested and one state trooper suffered a broken wrist in the incident, a police spokesman told reporters. |
In this task, you will be presented with a context passage, a question about that paragraph, and a possible answer to that question. The task is to check the validity of the answer. Answer with "Yes" or "No".
Example Input: Alexis de Tocqueville and Gustave de Beaumont in America: Their Friendship and Their Travels edited by Oliver Zunz, translated by Arthur Goldhammer (University of Virginia Press; 2011) 698 pages; Includes previously unpublished letters, essays, and other writings Du systeme penitentaire aux Etats-Unis et de son application en France (1833) - On the Penitentiary System in the United States and Its Application to France, with Gustave de Beaumont. De la democratie en Amerique (1835/1840) - Democracy in America. It was published in two volumes, the first in 1835, the second in 1840. English language versions: Tocqueville, Democracy in America, trans. and eds., Harvey C. Mansfield and Delba Winthrop, University of Chicago Press, 2000; Tocqueville, Democracy in America (Arthur Goldhammer, trans.; Olivier Zunz, ed.) (The Library of America, 2004) ISBN 978-1-931082-54-9. L'Ancien Regime et la Revolution (1856) - The Old Regime and the Revolution. It is Tocqueville's second most famous work. Recollections (1893) - This work was a private journal of the Revolution of 1848. He never intended to publish this during his lifetime; it was published by his wife and his friend Gustave de Beaumont after his death. Journey to America (1831-1832) - Alexis de Tocqueville's travel diary of his visit to America; translated into English by George Lawrence, edited by J-P Mayer, Yale University Press, 1960; based on vol. V, 1 of the OEuvres Completes of Tocqueville. L'Etat social et politique de la France avant et depuis 1789 - Alexis de Tocqueville Memoir On Pauperism: Does public charity produce an idle and dependant class of society? (1835) originally published by Ivan R. Dee. Inspired by a trip to England. One of Tocqueville's more obscure works. Journeys to England and Ireland 1835 <sep>What work did Tocqueville never intend to publish during his lifetime?<sep>Recollections
Example Output: Yes
Example Input: Appended to the last book, however, is a self-contained essay on aesthetics, which Durer worked on between 1512 and 1528, and it is here that we learn of his theories concerning 'ideal beauty'. Durer rejected Alberti's concept of an objective beauty, proposing a relativist notion of beauty based on variety. Nonetheless, Durer still believed that truth was hidden within nature, and that there were rules which ordered beauty, even though he found it difficult to define the criteria for such a code. In 1512/13 his three criteria were function ('Nutz'), naive approval ('Wohlgefallen') and the happy medium ('Mittelmass'). However, unlike Alberti and Leonardo, Durer was most troubled by understanding not just the abstract notions of beauty but also as to how an artist can create beautiful images. Between 1512 and the final draft in 1528, Durer's belief developed from an understanding of human creativity as spontaneous or inspired to a concept of 'selective inward synthesis'. In other words, that an artist builds on a wealth of visual experiences in order to imagine beautiful things. Durer's belief in the abilities of a single artist over inspiration prompted him to assert that "one man may sketch something with his pen on half a sheet of paper in one day, or may cut it into a tiny piece of wood with his little iron, and it turns out to be better and more artistic than another's work at which its author labours with the utmost diligence for a whole year." <sep>Which artist, in addition to Alberti, did Durer disagree with?<sep>Leonardo
Example Output: Yes
Example Input: Albanian was proved to be an Indo-European language in 1854 by the German philologist Franz Bopp. The Albanian language comprises its own branch of the Indo-European language family. Some scholars believe that Albanian derives from Illyrian while others claim that it derives from Daco-Thracian. (Illyrian and Daco-Thracian, however, might have been closely related languages; see Thraco-Illyrian.) Establishing longer relations, Albanian is often compared to Balto-Slavic on the one hand and Germanic on the other, both of which share a number of isoglosses with Albanian. Moreover, Albanian has undergone a vowel shift in which stressed, long o has fallen to a, much like in the former and opposite the latter. Likewise, Albanian has taken the old relative jos and innovatively used it exclusively to qualify adjectives, much in the way Balto-Slavic has used this word to provide the definite ending of adjectives. The cultural renaissance was first of all expressed through the development of the Albanian language in the area of church texts and publications, mainly of the Catholic region in the North, but also of the Orthodox in the South. The Protestant reforms invigorated hopes for the development of the local language and literary tradition when cleric Gjon Buzuku brought into the Albanian language the Catholic liturgy, trying to do for the Albanian language what Luther did for German. <sep>What three areas of religious texts helped develop the Albanian language?<sep>Orthodox
Example Output: | No
|
How to get vitamin d naturally
Learn how the sun creates vitamin d.
Sunlight is a form of radiation that has two forms, ultraviolet a (uva) and ultraviolet b (uvb) radiation. Your main source of vitamin d occurs when uvb radiation strikes your skin. When this happens, the first steps of vitamin d synthesis in your body is triggered.
After this, the next steps occur in the liver and then the kidneys. Because the rest takes place inside the body, once the body is triggered, you no longer need to be exposed to uvb radiation.
How to make roasted aubergine soup
Cube aubergines and place in a large bowl of salted ice water.
Let sit for 20 minutes.
Preheat oven to 450 ° f (232 ° c).
Lay cubed aubergines on an aluminium-foil lined baking sheet. Drizzle over olive oil, then dust with sea salt, cinnamon, and cumin.
How to bind your chest
Find out where to buy chest binders.
There are several companies online that design binders specifically for trans men. There are also trans men who sell used binders that either no longer fit or aren't of any use to them.
You may also be able to purchase a binder from your local sex positive merchant. Binders are not only used for trans men but also for males who have gynecomastia.
How to join a forum
Launch an internet browser.
Just double-click on the icon of the browser you wish to open (any will do) found on the desktop.
Search for a forum.
| If you haven't yet found a forum you want to join, you can search for it using the browser's search bar at the top of the screen. For instance, if you want to search for an aquaponics forum, type in " aquaponics forum " on the search bar, and you'll see a bunch of results with forums relating to aquaponics. |
Continue writing the next sentence.
How to heal with crystals
Know the background behind crystal healing.
Crystal healing is believed to date back as far as 6 , 000 years ago, to the time of sumerians in mesopotamia. It is also believed that ancient egyptians were some of the first to practice crystal healing. | Today, crystal healing is predominantly based on traditional concepts in asian cultures where some of the people believed in life-energy (chi or qi). Chakras, a part of modern crystal healing, also date back to traditional asian cultures through buddhism and hinduism. |
Q: In this task, you will be presented with a context passage, a question about that paragraph, and a possible answer to that question. The task is to check the validity of the answer. Answer with "Yes" or "No".
Elaan is a declaration of war against the reign of terror unleashed by the ganglords . The story revolves around an upright and principled Police Officer , A.C.P. Ramakant Chaudhary whose eldest son Vikas is killed in a pre-planned accident . But the A.C.P. is unable to nab the culprits for want of valid evidence . Consequently , the A.C.P. , his wife Revati and younger son Vishal are griefstricken over the loss of young Vikas . While the atmosphere in the city is already vitiated by the atrocities of ganglords Baba Khan and Manna Shetty who enjoy the support of some unscrupulous police personnel , the A.C.P. vows to make the ruthless gangsters bite the dust , without taking the law in his own hands . On the other hand , Vishal an angry young man , can not stand this injustice since the police had failed to arrest his brother's killers , and he silently resents his A.C.P father's inaction in dealing with the culprits . The ideologies of the father and son clash - Which lead to a conflict between a dutiful father and a reckless son . The only one who understands the agony of Vishal is Mohini , the daughter of head constable Devkinandan Sharma . The day comes when Vishal confronts Baba Khan and Manna Shetty Which leads to tension and gory situation for the A.C.P. , as the ganglords threaten to eliminate the A.C.P. as well as his wife Revati and son Vishal . <sep>Which of Ramakant's son was described as being "reckless?"<sep>Vikas
A: | No |
ISLAMABAD, Pakistan (CNN) -- Taliban militants made their deepest incursion into Pakistan this week, seizing control of areas that are a short drive from the capital city. A Pakistani government official said the militants fully withdrew from the Buner district on Friday, although other officials cast doubt on the extent of the pullout and how long it would last. Buner is only 60 miles outside Islamabad. The situation is particularly concerning because Pakistan is a nuclear-armed state. The Islamic republic is believed to have between 30 and 40 nuclear warheads, according to the U.N. nuclear watchdog, the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).
Can we infer the following?
Buner is only 50 miles outside Islamabad.
-- Yes
-- It's impossible to say
-- No
The answer is: | No |
What most naturally follows?
How to perform heel wrestling moves
A closed-fist punch is illegal in wrestling, so is a heel maneuver.
The same goes for a head-butt or backhanded slap.
The main reason that many people believe these moves are legal, is that they are deemed legal enough that the referee will not disqualify the person doing the move, merely tell them not to do it again. | A basic heel maneuver, yet also one of the most dangerous if performed incorrectly. Basically, kick through the bottom of the opponent. |
The three drive-ins nearest to Madison, all less than an hour's drive, are: Big Sky Twin Drive-In Theatres in Wisconsin Dells, Highway 18 Outdoor Theatre, near Jefferson, and Sky-Vu Drive-In, near Monroe.
Highway 18 Outdoor Theatre is near jefferson OPTIONS:
- Yes
- It's impossible to say
- No
A: Yes
How to become a member of the ymca<br>Visit your local ymca and see if its facilities will meet your needs. Ymca staff take prospective members on guided tours of the site and can answer all membership questions. Services vary from one facility to another, so be sure to ask about programs of special interest to you.
You have to go into a ymca to become a member. OPTIONS:
- Yes
- It's impossible to say
- No
A: Yes
Blue Mountain Lumber said today it may have to relocate a $30 million project offshore in the wake of an Environment Court decision that blocked it from a planned development site on the Coromandel.
Blue Mountain Lumber said today it may have to relocate a $330 million project offshore. OPTIONS:
- Yes
- It's impossible to say
- No
A: | No |
Wilder and his colleagues are cautious about their results also because the data do not make clear whether it was the anesthesia that contributed to the children's learning deficits, or whether it was an underlying condition that may have required surgery and precipitated the learning problems. Of the more than 5,000 babies studied, 593 needed at least one surgery and just over 100 infants needed more than two before age 3. There may be something unusual about this population of children that could have made them vulnerable to learning problems and required they undergo surgery and anesthesia.
Can we draw the following conclusion?
Wilder has colleagues in his research. | Yes |
How to instantly remove oxidation from headlight without sandpaper
If we take this from a scientific approach we must look at the problem as a doctor would when he diagnosed a problem.
Is the problem oxidation? Or is it something else?
Understand oxidation.
Oxidation is a flat opaque covering that lays evenly on the surface of the lens, it will start out white turn yellow and eventually brown.
OPTIONS:
- Usually, it looks like trapped air trapped inside and its very difficult to remove. Ice crystals form, out of these then the gas particles releases under the surface when oxidation ends.
- It can build up and block all light from leaving the lens. It is semi-smooth to the touch.
- And the clarity of the white portion of the lens cracks when it is applied. Did you know that quickdown, fast powder oxidation and quick change to more demure mode? Try this on a clean lens.
- This reflects light, and helps to break down oxidation. It takes some diy to get it off, and oxidation is very simple.
It can build up and block all light from leaving the lens. It is semi-smooth to the touch.
How to make candied lemons
Wash and slice the lemons.
Wash 4 lemons and use a sharp knife to slice them into very thin slices. You should get about 6 slices from each lemon.
OPTIONS:
- Place the slices inside a blender and puree them until you have about 50 lemon slices. Puree each lemon twice to extract the juice from the peels.
- Cut the lemons in half lengthwise so that just the top ends are on top. Slide the rind off each lemon slice while holding the rind.
- You could also use an electric wash machine or use a dish scrubbing device to puree the fruit inside the lemons. Cut the lemons in half and remove the seeds with a knife.
- Discard any seeds and set the lemon slices aside. Try to use organic lemons since these haven't been sprayed with pesticides and you'll be eating the peels.
Discard any seeds and set the lemon slices aside. Try to use organic lemons since these haven't been sprayed with pesticides and you'll be eating the peels.
How to fix cable tv
Turn off then turn on your device.
It is possible that your dvr or cable box may have malfunctioned and requires a power cycle. On the device itself hold the power button for ten seconds to shut it off.
OPTIONS:
- If you absolutely cannot find the power button after ten seconds, it is likely that you have tried turning the device off. Again, follow the same procedure if you can't find the power button.
- This is especially important for adapter adapters which commonly require a power cycle to properly find broken cables. Inspect cables to make sure they are not damaged or slightly twisted.
- Make sure all the channels on your device are turned off. If you are not sure which channels on your device turn off it may be because the cable box is not being turned off properly.
- It it continues to not turn off, you can unplug the power cord from the power outlet for 15 seconds then plug back in and wait 30 seconds. Press the power button to turn the device back on.
It it continues to not turn off, you can unplug the power cord from the power outlet for 15 seconds then plug back in and wait 30 seconds. Press the power button to turn the device back on.
How to make a girl smile
Smile at her.
Often it's as easy as making eye contact and smiling to get a girl to smile back. If it doesn't work, keep trying, and you might get a smile yet.
OPTIONS:
- " hey, you look so good today! " " good morning " is a good start. Smile loudly and encourage her to smile back.
- If she smiles at you back you both get closer to each other. Try not to blush! Take her hand.
- Something to keep in mind when you're first starting to get to know a girl is that you want to make sure that she's willing to get to know you, too. Instead of using eye contact and a smile, try to be open and inviting.
- You might even try a sillier smile to see if it might make her laugh. Smiling is a good way to open up a conversation, because it makes both you and her happier.
| You might even try a sillier smile to see if it might make her laugh. Smiling is a good way to open up a conversation, because it makes both you and her happier. |
How to avoid getting the flu in winter
Get the flu shot every year.
Every person over the age of 6 months should get a flu shot every year, usually in the early fall before flu season begins. There are a few different flu shots available, so ask your doctor or pharmacist which vaccine is right for you.
Get your flu shot at a doctor's office, clinic, pharmacy, college health center, or even in some schools and workplaces. Last year's shot won't protect you from this year's flu-get a shot every year.
A man is standing in front of a bicycle as he talks. he
uses a scredriver to adjust a tire.
How to define your relationship
Wait a few dates in to have the talk.
Avoid jumping into the talk about defining your relationship right away, on the first date. Give you and your partner time to get to know each other.
Go on a few dates and feel each other out. When you start to feel very close and intimate with your partner, it may be time to have a talk about where your relationship is heading.
How to brush a dog's teeth
Get a dog toothbrush.
There are a wide variety of toothbrushes to choose from that are designed for dogs. They are available at any pet store.
| Dog brushes have softer bristles and are designed to give you easier access to those hard to reach areas. Choose a brush based on the size of your dog. |
IN: What happens next?
How to speak new zealand english
Learn the different pronunciation of some words.
The new zealand dialects have similar, but not identical, pronunciations to american and british words. Learning common differences in pronunciation will help you to communicate easily and avoid easy misunderstandings.
OPTIONS:
- American/british speakers may use the " p " in " ke " instead of " ee " for 5-10 sentences. You may also speak the " p " in " u " for 5-10 sentences.
- Start by searching the internet for " new zealand speaking english " in your area, and then see if there are any websites you can place your search at. Make sure you know the names of at least three native speakers.
- New zealand english speakers will pronounce the word " data " like it is pronounced in american english, " dar-tah, " not " day-taa, " as in british english. Debut is pronounced " de-booo, " almost unrecognizable from the uk and american pronunciation.
- Distinguish between a well-spoken and well-spoken person and a civil, social, or japanese person. These simplified phrases are more pronounced and require more practice.
OUT: New zealand english speakers will pronounce the word " data " like it is pronounced in american english, " dar-tah, " not " day-taa, " as in british english. Debut is pronounced " de-booo, " almost unrecognizable from the uk and american pronunciation.
IN: What happens next?
How to store bread
Wrap bread in plastic or aluminum foil.
These types of wrappings will trap in the bread's natural moisture to keep it from drying out and getting hard. If your bread came in a paper wrapping, toss it out and wrap it in plastic or aluminum for storage.
OPTIONS:
- If you have sliced, processed bread, you can seal it up in its original plastic packaging. Manufacturers of this style of bread recommend leaving it in this packaging to retain the moisture.
- If you decide to use aluminum, consider placing cheesecloth or aluminum foil over the top. Make sure that the bread is wrapped well so it doesn't get damaged.
- Some common paper wrapping jobs used to serve bread types like : Pastas or cooked (snack dough) bread pastries pastries Put ingredients in a plastic or aluminum container. Jars or cans are perfect for storing bread because you can seal them easily.
- Note that many organic bread brands have " ubin " in the label and on the bottom of the packaging. Use whichever labels you like, but bread made with ubin contain gluten and/or other harmful chemicals.
OUT: If you have sliced, processed bread, you can seal it up in its original plastic packaging. Manufacturers of this style of bread recommend leaving it in this packaging to retain the moisture.
IN: What happens next?
A man is sitting down getting his ear pierced. the person piercing the ear
OPTIONS:
- is then getting a tattoo on his neck.
- is moving his head a bit.
- of the man wearing headphones.
- sticks the needle in the ear.
OUT: | sticks the needle in the ear. |
This undated photo distributed on Saturday, Sept. 16, 2017, by the North Korean government shows what was said to be the test launch of an intermediate range Hwasong-12 in North Korea. Independent journalists were not given access to cover the event depicted in this image distributed by the North Korean government. The content of this image is as provided and cannot be independently verified. Korea News Service via AP Korean Central News Agency
Can we infer the following?
North Korea has missiles. | Yes |
Definition: In this task, we ask you to elaborate the sentence without changing its general meaning. You can do so by explaining further the input sentence, using more precise wording, adding qualifiers and auxiliary information etc.
Input: The Freedom of Information Act ( FOIA ) , , is a federal law .
Output: | The Freedom of Information Act ( FOIA ) , , is a federal freedom of information law that requires the full or partial disclosure of previously unreleased information and documents controlled by the United States government upon request . |
Two vacuum cleaners are shown side by side. One of the vacuum clears is shown vacuuming a wooden floor. the other vacuum
is shown with its attachment parts laid out in front of it.
How to add brushes in adobe illustrator
To start, create a brand new document.
Go to file] new or ctrl + n and set the size of the document to a vertical letter-sized canvas. Once you have created the vertical canvas, add guides, which is explained in the next step.
Add guides by creating a symmetrical rectangle using the rectangle tool, (w:8.5 in, h:11 in). After, drag the guides on each center of the bounding box, which you will find on the page.
How to dry pantyhose in a hurry
Lay the pantyhose flat on your towel.
Use a dry bath towel for best results. The thicker the towel is, the more effective this method will be.
If you do not have a thick towel, repeat the method using two separate towels. Roll pantyhose into your thick towel.
Cars are going on a road next to a lake. young men
| are taking out boards from the back part of the truck. |
In this task, you are given a question and a context passage. You have to answer the question based on the given passage.
Ex Input:
Small pneumatic __ can hold only one person., Context: A residential elevator is often permitted to be of lower cost and complexity than full commercial elevators. They may have unique design characteristics suited for home furnishings, such as hinged wooden shaft-access doors rather than the typical metal sliding doors of commercial elevators. Construction may be less robust than in commercial designs with shorter maintenance periods, but safety systems such as locks on shaft access doors, fall arrestors, and emergency phones must still be present in the event of malfunction.
Ex Output:
elevators
Ex Input:
Which of the following is not a dog tail shape: straight, sickle, or Braque du Bourbonnais?, Context: There are many different shapes for dog tails: straight, straight up, sickle, curled, or cork-screw. As with many canids, one of the primary functions of a dog's tail is to communicate their emotional state, which can be important in getting along with others. In some hunting dogs, however, the tail is traditionally docked to avoid injuries. In some breeds, such as the Braque du Bourbonnais, puppies can be born with a short tail or no tail at all.
Ex Output:
Braque du Bourbonnais
Ex Input:
In what year had Muteferrika's press not yet printed its first book?, Context: Educational and technological reforms came about, including the establishment of higher education institutions such as the Istanbul Technical University. In 1734 an artillery school was established to impart Western-style artillery methods, but the Islamic clergy successfully objected under the grounds of theodicy. In 1754 the artillery school was reopened on a semi-secret basis. In 1726, Ibrahim Muteferrika convinced the Grand Vizier Nevşehirli Damat İbrahim Pasha, the Grand Mufti, and the clergy on the efficiency of the printing press, and Muteferrika was later granted by Sultan Ahmed III permission to publish non-religious books (despite opposition from some calligraphers and religious leaders). Muteferrika's press published its first book in 1729 and, by 1743, issued 17 works in 23 volumes, each having between 500 and 1,000 copies.
Ex Output:
| 1726
|
How to recognize arthritis symptoms
Take notice of any joint pain.
Joint pain is the most characteristic symptom of all types of arthritis. You might notice the pain after exercising or using the joints extensively, which is the case with " wear and tear " arthritis (oa), or upon waking and after periods of disuse, which is more characteristic of ra.
Arthritic pain is usually described as dull, achy and/or throbbing. The more destructive types of arthritis can also generate sharp and electric-type pain.
How to train a deaf puppy
Learn how to get the dog's attention.
Thumping on the floor as you approach the puppy will usually work, since even deaf animals can feel vibrations. Flicking the light switch on and off is another option.
A flashlight is useful if you let your dog into an enclosed yard at night and need to call it back. Vibrating collars are available that will let you get the dog's attention with a remote control.
They go on the floor and stand still. They perform a cheer leading routine. Four girls are lifted and hold their legs. two girls
are lifted in the air and two girls are flipped then two girls lift the two girls.
How to decrease aquarium algae naturally
Test your water.
Checking the parameters of your tap water is always a must any time you are having some sort of biological issue with your aquarium. Look for high nitrates, nitrites, and ammonia.
| These will usually be indicators of the cause of your brown algae bloom. Chemicals in the tap water itself, such as phosphates, can also increase algae. |
Given the task definition and input, reply with output. In this task, you are given a text of many news articles seperated by special token "|||||". Your task is to summarize them.
Focused crawls are collections of frequently-updated webcrawl data from narrow (as opposed to broad or wide) web crawls, often focused on a single domain or subdomain. ||||| At an elevation of 4,500 feet, the air in Salt Lake City has about 17 percent less oxygen than the air at sea level.
The eight intermountain states of the American West, sometimes called the Suicide Belt, have high elevations and the associated thin air. Now, researchers say the low oxygen in these areas is linked with signs of depression, and could potentially even contribute to suicides in some regions.
In 2012, Colorado, Wyoming, Utah, Montana, Idaho, Nevada, Arizona and New Mexico all had suicide rates exceeding 18 per 100,000 people, while the national rate was 12.5 per 100,000 people, according to the American Foundation for Suicide Prevention.
These states tend toward higher elevations, and several studies have identified living at higher elevations as an independent risk factor for suicide. Other studies have also found that rates of depression increase with elevation and may contribute to increased suicide risk.
In the new study, researchers at the University of Utah and one colleague at Tufts University found that female rats exposed to high-elevation conditions — both simulated and real — exhibited increased depressionlike behavior. The behavior could have been due to the animals experiencing hypoxia, a condition in which an individual gets insufficient oxygen, the researchers said. [5 Myths About Suicide, Debunked]
Male rats showed no increased signs of depression when exposed to the same levels of hypoxia, the researchers found. Female mammals, including humans and rats, naturally produce less of the brain chemical serotonin than males. The neurotransmitter is thought to contribute to feelings of well-being and happiness, and as such, the higher levels in males may make them less susceptible to depression, researchers say.
"The significance of this animal study is that it can isolate hypoxia as a distinct risk factor for depression in those living at altitude," said Shami Kanekar, a research assistant and professor of psychiatry at the University of Utah, and a lead author on the study. It also suggests an increased risk of depression for people who have conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or asthma, which may reduce their ability to take in oxygen, she said.
In the experiments, the rats were kept for a week in Salt Lake City, which has an elevation of 4,500 feet (1,370 meters), and then in a lab under conditions that simulated the oxygen levels at sea level, then the oxygen levels at 10,000 feet (3,050 m) and 20,000 feet (6,100 m). The researchers used a widely accepted behavioral test in which depression in rats is gauged by the persistence exhibited by the rodents in a swim test.
"In female rats, increasing [the] altitude of [the animals'] housing from sea level to 20,000 feet caused a parallel increase in depressionlike behavior," Kanekar said.
The findings bolster the argument that physiological changes triggered by the low oxygen at higher altitude can contribute to depression.
"There are many potential risk factors that contribute to depression and suicide at altitude, and we are not discounting any of these other factors at all," said Dr. Perry F. Renshaw, a professor of psychiatry at the University of Utah and a lead author of the study. "Several such factors that are prevalent in the intermountain West include poverty, rural residence, low population density, gun ownership and psychiatric disorders such as bipolar disease."
But the new study shows that one factor inherent to living at higher elevations — low oxygen levels — can cause depression, Renshaw told Live Science.
Renshaw noted that the study had limitations. For example, the brains of humans and rats are very different, particularly in the frontal lobe, which is thought to be involved in decision making and impulse control, among many other functions.
Renshaw said he suspects depression in thin-air locations might be partly caused by low levels of serotonin. Hypoxia impairs an enzyme involved in producing serotonin, which could lead to depression, Renshaw said.
The possible link could be particularly important for women living in higher elevations, Renshaw said.
The big question, Renshaw said, is "should we be treating women who are depressed, and particularly those in the Rocky Mountain states, differently?"
Renshaw's team is examining the effectiveness of antidepressants, especially drugs called SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors), which are the most commonly prescribed antidepressants in the United States. Studies using animals have suggested that SSRIs such as Prozac may not work when brain serotonin levels are low.
Utah has the highest use of antidepressants in the country and the highest rate of depression, according to a 2007 study conducted on behalf of the nonprofit organization Mental Health America, Renshaw said.
"The fact that both depression and suicide rates increase with altitude implies that current antidepressant treatments are not adequate for those suffering from depression at altitude, leading to high levels of unresolved depression that can contribute to higher levels of suicidal ideation and suicide attempts," Kanekar said.
Recently, Renshaw said his team began a new study that seeks to increase serotonin levels in women diagnosed with depression to the levels found in women at sea level, to see if this change could help antidepressants to work more effectively.
The number for the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline is 800-273-8255.
Follow Live Science @livescience, Facebook & Google+. Original article on Live Science. |||||
| The suicide rate in the American West—Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming—is roughly 1.5 times higher than in the rest of the nation (18-plus suicides per 100,000 people compared to 12.5), earning it the morbid moniker "the Suicide Belt." Now researchers out of the University of Utah are reporting in the journal High Altitude Medicine & Biology that they think they may know why: hypobaric hypoxia, aka thin air. In a study involving rats, the lower levels of oxygen in the higher-altitude region seem to hit females hardest, which may not be a fluke given they have lower levels of serotonin—a brain chemical linked to happiness—and thus may be less equipped to deal with the hypoxic conditions. "The significance of this animal study is that it can isolate hypoxia as a distinct risk factor for depression in those living at altitude or with other chronic hypoxic conditions such as COPD, asthma, or smoking, independent of other risk factors," the lead author says in a University of Utah press release. Another researcher tells LiveScience that the findings, which don't necessarily translate to humans, beg the question of whether women might need to be treated for depression differently than they are today. The team is already at work on a new study to determine whether antidepressants might be more effective if serotonin levels in depressed women are increased to levels found in women at lower altitudes. (Living at altitude does appear to come with some benefits.) |
In this task, we ask you to elaborate the sentence without changing its general meaning. You can do so by explaining further the input sentence, using more precise wording, adding qualifiers and auxiliary information etc.
Q: A doorstop ( or door stop or doorstopper ) is a tool .
A: A doorstop ( also door stopper , door stop or door wedge ) is an object or device used to hold a door open or closed , or to prevent a door from opening too widely .
****
Q: Protests and rallies also happen at the National Mall .
A: The National Mall 's status as a wide , open expanse at the heart of the capital makes it an attractive site for protests and rallies of all types .
****
Q: A Christmas card is a greeting card , given around Christmas .
A: | A Christmas card is a greeting card sent as part of the traditional celebration of Christmas in order to convey between people a range of sentiments related to Christmastide and the holiday season .
****
|
Detailed Instructions: In this task, you are given a text of many news articles seperated by special token "|||||". Your task is to summarize them.
Problem:Showtime confirmed the many returning and new faces on board for next year's revival.
Showtime's Twin Peaks revival has unveiled its official cast list, and it's a long one.
On Monday, the pay cabler and executive producers David Lynch and Mark Frost confirmed the 217 returning and new actors on board for the project ahead of its 2017 debut. The list of participating actors comes after months of silence from the team behind the beloved series. Among the names of the many actors set to appear are David Duchovny, Laura Dern, Michael Cera, Ashley Judd, Jennifer Jason Leigh, Amanda Seyfried, Naomi Watts and even Lynch himself.
Some notable names missing from the list are original series stars Lara Flynn Boyle, who played Donna; Piper Laurie, who played Catherine; and Michael Ontkean, who played the sheriff.
The confirmation comes after principal photography has wrapped on the revival, which picks up 25 years after the inhabitants of a quaint northwestern town were stunned when their homecoming queen Laura Palmer was shockingly murdered.
Check out the full list below. ||||| This will appear next to all of your comments
This will NOT appear anywhere on Newser ||||| Questions have surrounded Showtime's new Twin Peaks series ever since it was first announced: Is it a reboot? Is David Lynch on board? Did David Lynch drop out? Is David Lynch back on board after dropping out? And most importantly, will the frontman of Nine Inch Nails be making an appearance?
Okay, maybe the rest of you weren't asking all of those exact questions, but either way the answers appear to be yes. Showtime has released the names of all 217 cast members of the upcoming show, and included are: Trent Reznor, his wife Mariqueen Reznor, Eddie Vedder, Jim Belushi, Monica Bellucci, Robert Forster, and pretty much every random person you could possibly think of.
Is 'Twin Peaks' turning into a multi-layered Lynchian metaverse?
There's no mention of what characters everyone will be playing, but it's worth noting that longtime NIN guitarist Robin Finck also shows up on the list, so maybe Lynch is just going to shoot some '90s concert scenes. But perhaps there's something deeper there for the Lynchian conspiracy theorists to dig into, because many of the performers listed have taken part in David Lynch productions outside of Twin Peaks. Naomi Watts, for example, starred in Mulholland Drive, while Balthazar Getty was in Lost Highway — a project that Reznor scored. That's not to mention Laura Dern, who is also on the Twin Peaks list, and was one of the stars of Wild At Heart and Inland Empire. Is it a sign? Is there a multi-layered David Lynch metaverse in play, or has he simply gone Marvel? It's a mystery!
Thankfully there are some familiar names from the original series that should be a little more self-explanatory. They include: Mädchen Amick (Shelly Johnson), Sherilyn Fenn (Audrey Horne), David Duchovny (Agent Dennis), and, obviously, Kyle MacLachlan. (If you don't know who he plays, you really need to just stop reading and go watch Twin Peaks right now. Yes, all of it. Don't worry; we'll wait.)
The full list is included below, and in case there were any questions whatsoever, it seems pretty clear that this thing is going to get weird. |||||
Solution: | The Twin Peaks reboot is chugging along, and Showtime announced the cast Monday, the AP reports. The new series, premiering on an as-yet-unannounced date in 2017, takes place 25 years after the original series, and fans of the original will be happy to know that original cast members Kyle MacLachlan, Sherilyn Fenn, David Duchovny, Mädchen Amick, and Harry Dean Stanton are returning and that series creator David Lynch is also listed as part of the cast. The newbies include Naomi Watts, Richard Chamberlain, Jim Belushi, Michael Cera, Amanda Seyfried, Jennifer Jason Leigh, Ashley Judd, Laura Dern, Ernie Hudson, and Tom Sizemore. And there are more—a lot more. As the Hollywood Reporter notes, the full cast list has 217 names on it. But it's missing other veteran cast members, including Lara Flynn Boyle (Donna), Piper Laurie (Catherine), and Michael Ontkean (the sheriff). The Verge notes that some of the 217 cast members listed are pretty strange (they also include "Trent Reznor, his wife Mariqueen Reznor, Eddie Vedder, Jim Belushi, Monica Bellucci, Robert Forster, and pretty much every random person you could possibly think of") and that many of them have played roles in other Lynch projects: "Is there a multi-layered David Lynch metaverse in play?" Principal photography on the series has wrapped. |
Select from options: Continue writing the next sentence.
How to decorate your home with gemstones
Use a raw crystal as a centerpiece.
A crystal can be the focal point of a room. Buy a large, raw crystal or other mineral that appeals to you.
Select from the following. -- Keep in mind that they can be costly. Once you have chosen the crystal, place it on the center of a table in whatever room you'd like. -- Choose a crystal that is small enough to use as a centerpiece, so that the crystal sits atop some of the furniture or accent you want to add decorations to. Build or create artwork around the crystal. -- This will give you something to lay your own jewels on. This works best if there is no outside background in the room, as this will make the gems less visible. -- Hang it up or leave it around the room. Pearls, glass beads, and other precious gems make excellent centerpiece pieces.
Answer: | Keep in mind that they can be costly. Once you have chosen the crystal, place it on the center of a table in whatever room you'd like. |
In this task, you are given a text of many news articles seperated by special token "|||||". Your task is to summarize them.
WOODBURY, NY - JULY 21: Tevevision Personality Teresa Giudice attends the White Party hosted by Dina Manzo and Teresa Giudice at Woodbury Country Club on July 21, 2014 in Woodbury, New York. (Photo by Mike Pont/Getty Images)
Teresa Giudice might be out from behind bars earlier than expected.
TMZ reported Giudice turned down an offer from Bravo to film her final days at home before prison so as to not jeopardize the possibility of an early release.
Sources close to Bravo told The Huffington Post that the network had "informal" talks with Giudice about filming before prison, but nothing was confirmed.
The reality star was sentenced to 15 months in prison for bank and bankruptcy fraud in October. Her husband, Joe, was sentenced to 41 months and will begin serving his time after she is released.
The Giudices owe another $200,000 restitution payment, along with millions of dollars to creditors associated with their 2009 failed bankruptcy filling, according to NJ.com. ||||| It’s been less than a week since Teresa Giudice entered prison, and she’s already finding it less than fabulicious! Insiders tell RadarOnline.com exclusively that the Real Housewives of New Jersey star and cookbook author has been complaining about the food — and the prison-wide ban on hair extensions.
“Teresa is not thrilled with the food,” the insider revealed. “It’s extremely bland.”
As Radar reported, a recent day’s menu included fish filet and franks and beans. “Teresa hopes to get a job in the kitchen to improve the quality,” the source said. “She has joked with family that she will be losing a lot of weight!”
PHOTOS: Scandalous To The End! The 10 Biggest Controversies Of Teresa Giudice’s Final Weeks Of Freedom
Meanwhile, she’s certainly lost a lot of volume, as far as her hair is concerned.
After noshing on one last egg sandwich at a Danbury, Connecticut diner before surrendering to prison officials, Giudice was forced to remove several clip-in hair extensions.
Said the source, “Teresa has worn clip-in hair extensions for years, because her hair has been thinning, especially around her hairline. The clip-in hair extensions allow her to make her hair look fuller, and it’s not that expensive.”
PHOTOS: Devoted Delinquents: Joe Giudice Stops At The Post Office – Sending Love Letters To Jailbird Teresa?
But after leaving the diner with her attorney, Giudice took the extensions out, since they are banned behind bars. “She didn’t want to be photographed without the extensions, and Teresa also wore full make-up for her 3:00 am arrival,” the source said.
And though Giudice insisted in pre-prison interviews that she’d be fine with a no-nonsense ponytail behind bars, she’ll soon be able to upgrade her look. Cuts and colors are available to inmates, but it’s a privilege that has to be earned. ||||| | Not surprisingly, Real Housewives of New Jersey star Teresa Giudice is not a huge fan of prison. Sources tell Radar she's already complaining. First of all, she's "not thrilled with the food," an insider says. "It's extremely bland." Amusingly, the source adds that the reality star "hopes to get a job in the kitchen to improve the quality." And then there's the fact that the prison bans hair extensions. "Teresa has worn clip-in hair extensions for years, because her hair has been thinning, especially around her hairline. The clip-in hair extensions allow her to make her hair look fuller," the source says, but she was forced to take them out before entering prison. (Giudice has already snagged herself an early release date.) |
Q: In this task, you are given a text of many news articles seperated by special token "|||||". Your task is to summarize them.
The so-called "affluenza" teen wants another break.
The Texas teenager who killed four people in a 2013 drunken-driving wreck is asking the state's Supreme Court to throw out his current two-year jail sentence.
Ethan Couch was initially sentenced to 10-years probation after successfully arguing that his spoiled childhood was to blame for the accident. However, he later violated his probation by drinking and partying, and fled to Mexico.
Couch was later apprehended and last year was given the two-year sentence, 180 days for each victim.
Father of 'affluenza teen' avoids jail time for impersonating cop
"Affluenza" teen Ethan Couch is serving a two-year jail sentence. (POOL/POOL)
His lawyers argue that the judge only had jurisdiction over criminal cases and that juvenile matters are civil.
Ethan Couch's lawyers also tried for the teen's release last year, but was rejected by a judge. At the time, they asked for the removal of District Judge Wayne Salvant from the case.
The teen, who was 16 at the time, crashed his pickup truck into a crowd of people on June 15, 2013. The group was trying to help another driver.
The teen killed four people in a drunken-driving wreck in 2013. (Tarrant County Sheriff's Office)
His lawyers said that he was not responsible because he was coddled as a child by his wealthy parents, and initially avoided jail time.
'Affluenza' teen's request to get judge removed is denied
Couch would skip parole meetings and bolted to Mexico with his mother. Tonya Couch could face up to 10 years in prison for helping her son elude law enforcement officials.
Just a few months ago Ethan Couch's father Fred avoided jail time for impersonating a Texas police officer in 2014.
With News Wire Services
Sign up for BREAKING NEWS Emails privacy policy Thanks for subscribing! ||||| facebook twitter email Share More Videos 1:06 Peaches ripe for the pickin' Pause 0:31 Tarrant County's 10 Most Wanted Criminals, July 5 2:31 Fallen Dallas officers remembered at memorial dedication 6:29 'Our world has been turned upside down' 2:21 Emergency team jumps into action to rescue stranded teen 6:00 Swift water rescue team pulls teen from creek in North Richland Hills 0:33 Video: North Fort Worth neighborhood floods 0:36 Several hundred pounds of fireworks confiscated in Fort Worth 1:41 Firsthand tour of Las Vegas Trail 1:39 Possum Kingdom Lake recovers from wildfires and drought Share Video Video link: Select Embed code: Select
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twitter email Judge Wayne Salvant sentenced the 'affluenza' teen to nearly two years in jail on concurrent terms on Wednesday in a Fort Worth courtroom. Pool video
Judge Wayne Salvant sentenced the 'affluenza' teen to nearly two years in jail on concurrent terms on Wednesday in a Fort Worth courtroom. Pool video ||||| Lawyers for a Texas teenager who used an "affluenza" defense in a fatal drunken-driving crash have turned to the Texas Supreme Court in an effort to secure his release from jail.
The motion filed Friday on behalf of 19-year-old Ethan Couch argues that a judge had no authority to sentence Couch to nearly two years in jail after his case was moved from juvenile to adult court.
Couch's attorneys argue that the judge only had jurisdiction over criminal cases and that juvenile matters are civil.
Couch was given 10 years' probation after killing four people in a 2013 crash. He later violated his probation.
RAW VIDEO: Judge's Ruling in Couch Hearing
During his first appearance in adult court Wednesday, a North Texas teen who used an "affluenza" defense in a deadly drunken driving crash was ordered to spend nearly two years behind bars as part of his probation. (Published Wednesday, April 13, 2016)
A defense expert invoked the term "affluenza" in arguing during the sentencing phase of the teenager's trial that he was coddled into a sense of irresponsibility.
Copyright Associated Press |||||
A: | Lawyers for Ethan Couch are asking the Texas state Supreme Court to release the "affluenza teen" from jail, NBC DFW reports. According to the Fort Worth Star-Telegram, a judge sentenced Couch to 720 days in jail last April after he skipped a probation check-in and ran to Mexico with his mother. The pair went on the lam following the release of a video that apparently showed Couch partying in violation of his parole. Lawyers for Couch say the judge didn't have the authority to sentence Couch to jail time because the judge only has purview over criminal cases. They say Couch's is a civil case because it originated in juvenile court, the New York Daily News reports. Couch's case was transferred to adult court when he turned 19. Couch was sentenced to 10 years' probation in 2013 when he crashed his pickup truck into a group of people helping a disabled vehicle. Couch was drunk at the time, and four of the people died. A psychologist defending Couch said the teen never learned the difference between right and wrong and was suffering from "affluenza" thanks to his rich upbringing. Couch's lawyers filed the motion to release him from jail last Friday. The motion has already been denied twice in lower courts. |
In this task, you are given a question and a context passage. You have to answer the question based on the given passage.
Ex Input:
Who helped make the religion more popular?, Context: It gained great momentum in the 18th and 19th centuries with the emergence of Methodism and the Great Awakenings in Britain and North America. The origins of Evangelicalism are usually traced back to the English Methodist movement, Nicolaus Zinzendorf, the Moravian Church, Lutheran pietism, Presbyterianism and Puritanism. Among leaders and major figures of the Evangelical Protestant movement were John Wesley, George Whitefield, Jonathan Edwards, Billy Graham, Harold John Ockenga, John Stott and Martyn Lloyd-Jones.
Ex Output:
John Wesley, George Whitefield, Jonathan Edwards, Billy Graham, Harold John Ockenga, John Stott and Martyn Lloyd-Jones
Ex Input:
Where is the Centennial Light?, Context: The relationships above are valid for only a few percent change of voltage around rated conditions, but they do indicate that a lamp operated at much lower than rated voltage could last for hundreds of times longer than at rated conditions, albeit with greatly reduced light output. The "Centennial Light" is a light bulb that is accepted by the Guinness Book of World Records as having been burning almost continuously at a fire station in Livermore, California, since 1901. However, the bulb emits the equivalent light of a four watt bulb. A similar story can be told of a 40-watt bulb in Texas that has been illuminated since 21 September 1908. It once resided in an opera house where notable celebrities stopped to take in its glow, and was moved to an area museum in 1977.
Ex Output:
a fire station
Ex Input:
Which is higher, the tax on dietary supplements or the total sales tax?, Context: The Tennessee income tax does not apply to salaries and wages, but most income from stock, bonds and notes receivable is taxable. All taxable dividends and interest which exceed the $1,250 single exemption or the $2,500 joint exemption are taxable at the rate of 6%. The state's sales and use tax rate for most items is 7%. Food is taxed at a lower rate of 5.25%, but candy, dietary supplements and prepared food are taxed at the full 7% rate. Local sales taxes are collected in most jurisdictions, at rates varying from 1.5% to 2.75%, bringing the total sales tax to between 8.5% and 9.75%, one of the highest levels in the nation. Intangible property is assessed on the shares of stock of stockholders of any loan company, investment company, insurance company or for-profit cemetery companies. The assessment ratio is 40% of the value multiplied by the tax rate for the jurisdiction. Tennessee imposes an inheritance tax on decedents' estates that exceed maximum single exemption limits ($1,000,000 for deaths in 2006 and thereafter).
Ex Output:
| total sales tax
|
IN: What happens next?
How to get rid of mirar
Delete all mirar processes.
Open the start menu, select search, and use the " all files and folders option " to look for " mirarsetup.exe " and " 875455-nosb.exe. "
Delete these processes when found.
OPTIONS:
- Open the start menu again, and select the run option. Type " regedit, " and click the ok button.
- This method is non-interactive and will not remove mirar processes. If you find these processes, see the next steps.
- There are some processes that currently exist that were overlooked by mirar. You should filter the list by type, and then delete the entire list (in full).
- These processes may still be in effect at all times, but they are saved in the import programs folder in your c drive. These processes are also associated with mirar and will not be destroyed by any recent disabilities.
OUT: Open the start menu again, and select the run option. Type " regedit, " and click the ok button.
IN: What happens next?
How to buy an hd monitor
Decide on an aspect ratio.
The aspect ratio of a monitor is the ratio between the width and the height. In the earlier years of the last decade, the 16:10 aspect ratio was the most popular among hd monitors, but more recently, the 16:9 " true widescreen " ratio has started taking over.
OPTIONS:
- The exact aspect ratio of a screen is still not completely understood by the general scientific reader. Determining the " true widescreen " ratio for a monitor can help you determine the time to install the monitor, and make the most of it.
- In addition, the 16:9 ratio is the same ratio used by widescreen movies. Unless you specifically need a 16:10 monitor , 16:9 will be the more convenient choice.
- This ratio (or " ce ") usually used to be about 70/90 but since then, hd monitors have remained accepted by country governments to accommodate hd ratings. This ratio is still used today but given its independence and variety, it is fairly standard.
- Thus, it is important to determine what aspect ratio is right for you. True widescreen monitors come in 56 mm and 19 mm.
OUT: In addition, the 16:9 ratio is the same ratio used by widescreen movies. Unless you specifically need a 16:10 monitor , 16:9 will be the more convenient choice.
IN: What happens next?
How to mix baby cereal
Put a small amount of baby cereal into a bowl.
Once you've chosen a baby cereal (like rice cereal), put about 1 tablespoon (2.5 g) of it into a bowl. You'll want to start with a small amount.
OPTIONS:
- Baby cereal is usually a good choice for babies over 11 pounds, though if they're younger (between 9 and 12 months of age), you may want to wait. Choose a pillow for your baby so that it will be in a more comfortable position.
- Check in the box for pre-mixed baby cereal. Fill the bowl, and space two or three pillows next to each other.
- Add more peanut oil or cocoa if you want as well. If you want a granola bar, start with 1 tablespoon (15 ml) of peanut oil.
- Since you'll be feeding your baby with a spoon and dipping it into the cereal bowl, you'll introduce bacteria that could grow over time. This is why you shouldn't store and reuse prepared cereal.
OUT: | Since you'll be feeding your baby with a spoon and dipping it into the cereal bowl, you'll introduce bacteria that could grow over time. This is why you shouldn't store and reuse prepared cereal. |
In this task, you are given a text of many news articles seperated by special token "|||||". Your task is to summarize them.
Tweet with a location
You can add location information to your Tweets, such as your city or precise location, from the web and via third-party applications. You always have the option to delete your Tweet location history. Learn more ||||| CNN’s Jim Acosta continued to go off on White House Press Secretary Sean Spicer today after today’s off-camera, no-audio gaggle, which he earlier made clear on Twitter frustrated him:
The Spicer off-camera/no audio gaggle has begun. I can't show you a pic of Sean. So here is a look at some new socks I bought over the wknd pic.twitter.com/wO9erspwYa — Jim Acosta (@Acosta) June 19, 2017
Make no mistake about what we are all witnessing. This is a WH that is stonewalling the news media. Hiding behind no camera/no audio gaggles — Jim Acosta (@Acosta) June 19, 2017
There is a suppression of information going on at this WH that would not be tolerated at a city council mtg or press conf with a state gov. — Jim Acosta (@Acosta) June 19, 2017
Call me old fashioned but I think the White House of the United States of America should have the backbone to answer questions on camera. — Jim Acosta (@Acosta) June 19, 2017
He reiterated those same points later to Brooke Baldwin, saying that this isn’t about the press being “crybabies” but about the American people being able to see these answers on camera.
Acosta even went on to take this shot at Spicer, in the context of him not giving a more direct answer on whether there are White House “tapes” or on whether the president believes in climate change or not:
“The White House press secretary is getting to a point, Brooke, where he’s just kind of useless. You know, if he can’t come out and answer the questions and they’re just not going to do this on-camera or audio, why are we even having these briefings or these gaggles in the first place?”
Watch above, via CNN.
[image via screengrab]
— —
Follow Josh Feldman on Twitter: @feldmaniac
Have a tip we should know? [email protected] ||||| | CNN’s White House correspondent Jim Acosta did not hold back after being denied the use of camera and audio equipment to record statements by Sean Spicer at a press briefing Monday. According to Mediaite, the reporter hopped on social media to air his frustration, tweeting that the White House should have the “backbone to answer questions on camera.” His rant began with a cheeky tweet and photo of his anchor-print socks, which he said he was able to snap in place of a photo of the press secretary. Acosta accused the White House of “stonewalling the news media” and claimed Spicer took questions from a Russian news outlet, but not CNN. Per the Hill, Acosta doubled-down on his sentiments when he appeared on CNN Newsroom with Brooke Baldwin. “It just feels like we’re sort of slowly but surely being dragged into what is a new normal in this country where the president of the United States is allowed to insulate himself from answering hard questions,” he told Baldwin. Acosta asserted that Spicer is getting “kind of useless,” and wondered why the media is going along with the White House's no-recording rule. “This isn’t how we do things in this country but, for whatever reason, we’re all going along with it. I don’t understand why we covered that gaggle today, quite honestly.” No response from Spicer yet, but Politico reports that he may be looking for his own replacement behind the White House podium. |
Teacher:You will be given a passage, and your task is to generate a Yes/No question that is answerable based on the given passage.
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? Solve this instance: In 2003, the United States withdrew remaining non-training troops or armament purchase support from Saudi Arabia, with 200 of these support personnel remaining, primarily at Eskan Village, a base which is owned by the Saudi Arabian government itself, in support of the US Military Training Mission (USMTM) in Saudi Arabia and the US Office of Program Management for the Saudi Arabian National Guard (OPM-SANG).
Student: | does the us have a military base in saudi arabia? |
In this task you will be given an answer to a question. You need to generate a question. The answer given should be a correct answer for the generated question.
Example input: This list contains the top 25 accounts with the most followers on the social photo-sharing platform Instagram. As of May 2018, the most followed user is Instagram's own account, with over 235 million followers. Selena Gomez is the most followed individual, with over 137 million followers. Ten accounts have exceeded 100 million followers on the site.
Example output: who has the maximum number of followers on instagram
Example explanation: The answer is talking about the Instagram accounts that have the most followers. The question asking about the maximum number of followers. So this is a good example.
Q: The Six Flags chain originated in 1957 with the creation of The Great Southwest Corporation by Angus G. Wynne and other investors. Construction of 'Six Flags Over Texas' started in 1960, and the park was opened the next year for a short (45-day) season. The first park initially featured a Native American village, a gondola ride, a railroad, some Wild West shows, a stagecoach ride, and 'Skull Island', a pirate-themed adventure attraction. There was also an excursion, inspired by the historical La Salle Expeditions in the late 1600s, called 'LaSalle's River Adventure', aboard French riverboats through a wilderness full of animated puppets. Over time, all of those attractions, except for the railroad, would be replaced by others, such as roller coasters, swing rides, log flumes, and shoot-the-chute rides, as well as an observation tower.
A: | what was the original name of six flags |
You will be given a passage, and your task is to generate a Yes/No question that is answerable based on the given passage.
Q: Rogue One: A Star Wars Story, or simply Rogue One, is a 2016 American epic space opera film directed by Gareth Edwards. The screenplay by Chris Weitz and Tony Gilroy is from a story by John Knoll and Gary Whitta. It was produced by Lucasfilm and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures. It is the first installment of the Star Wars Anthology series, set immediately before the events of the original Star Wars film. The cast includes Felicity Jones, Diego Luna, Riz Ahmed, Ben Mendelsohn, Donnie Yen, Mads Mikkelsen, Alan Tudyk, Jiang Wen and Forest Whitaker. Rogue One follows a group of rebels on a mission to steal the plans for the Death Star, the Galactic Empire's superweapon.
A: is rogue one the sequel to force awakens?
****
Q: Salt water chlorination is a process that uses dissolved salt (2,500--6,000 ppm) as a store for the chlorination system. The chlorine generator (also known as salt cell, salt generator, salt chlorinator or SWG) uses electrolysis in the presence of dissolved salt (NaCl) to produce hypochlorous acid (HClO) and sodium hypochlorite (NaClO), which are the sanitizing agents already commonly used in swimming pools. As such, a saltwater pool is not actually chlorine-free; it simply utilizes added salt and a chlorine generator instead of direct addition of chlorine.
A: can you use chlorine in a saltwater pool?
****
Q: The Xbox One gaming console has received updates from Microsoft since its launch in 2013 that enable it to play select games from its two predecessor consoles, Xbox and Xbox 360. On June 15, 2015, backward compatibility with supported Xbox 360 games became available to eligible Xbox Preview program users with a beta update to the Xbox One system software. The dashboard update containing backward compatibility was released publicly on November 12, 2015. On October 24, 2017, another such update added games from the original Xbox library. The following is a list of all backward compatible games on Xbox One under this functionality.
A: | do games from xbox 360 work on xbox one?
****
|
Given the task definition and input, reply with output. In this task, you are given a question and a context passage. You have to answer the question based on the given passage.
When did federalism and confederalism became no longer synonyms?, Context: The terms 'federalism' and 'confederalism' both have a root in the Latin word foedus, meaning treaty, pact or covenant. Their common meaning until the late eighteenth century was a simple league or inter-governmental relationship among sovereign states based upon a treaty. They were therefore initially synonyms. It was in this sense that James Madison in Federalist 39 had referred to the new United States as 'neither a national nor a federal Constitution, but a composition of both' (ie. neither a single large unitary state nor a league/confederation among several small states, but a hybrid of the two). In the course of the nineteenth century the meaning of federalism would come to shift, strengthening to refer uniquely to the novel compound political form, while the meaning of confederalism would remain at a league of states. Thus, this article relates to the modern usage of the word 'federalism'.
| nineteenth century |
Uchtred or Uhtred, called the Bold, (d. 1016) was the ealdorman of all Northumbria from 1006 to 1016, when he was assassinated. He was the son of Waltheof I, ealdorman of Bamburgh, whose ancient family had ruled from the castle of Bamburgh on the Northumbrian coast.
Northumbria was ruled by Uchtred
A: Yes
Albert V of Saxe-Lauenburg (mid 1330s – 1370) was the second son of Duke Albert IV of Saxe-Lauenburg and Beata of Schwerin (*?–before 1341*), daughter of Gunzelin VI, Count of Schwerin. Albert succeeded his elder brother John III in 1356 as Duke of Saxe-Bergedorf-Mölln, a branch duchy of Saxe-Lauenburg. He died without an heir and was succeeded by his younger brother Eric III.
Albert V was born in the 1330s.
A: Yes
Mirage Studios is an independent American comic book company founded in 1983 by Kevin Eastman and Peter Laird in Dover, New Hampshire, and currently based in Northampton, Massachusetts. They are best known for the "Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles" comic book series and the subsequent franchise it has spawned.
The Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles was not successful in 1983.
A: | It's impossible to say |
In this task, you will be presented with a context passage, a question about that paragraph, and a possible answer to that question. The task is to check the validity of the answer. Answer with "Yes" or "No".
Plants also detect the daily cycle of light and darkness. Do you know how plants respond to these changes? Some plants open their leaves during the day. It is during these hours the plant can collect sunlight. At night, the plant closes its leaves to prevent water loss. Many plants respond to the change in the length of the day. As days grow shorter, some plants respond by going dormant. Dormant is when a plant suspends its growth. It does this in order to survive. Shorter days signal the coming of winter. Winter in most areas means extreme cold. It is also very dry in the winter months. As winter approaches, some plants respond by their leaves changing color. After the change in color, they fall off. This dormancy period helps trees. It allows them to survive the cold and dry winter. Plants only want to grow when conditions are right. <sep>Why do some plants go dormant in winter?<sep>Because it is dying | No |
Climatologists believe artificially induced climate change is the reason Australia is destined for the warmest year on record. Temperatures so far this year have averaged one degree above the 30-year average, the Bureau of Meteorology (BOM) told the Greenhouse 2005 - Action in Climate Change Conference being held in Melbourne this week. The head of the National Climate Centre, Michael Coughlan, says Australia has had the warmest ever first 10 months of 2005, and seems likely to be a record-breaking year.
Australia is due to have its warmest year ever.
A: Yes
How to divorce in alabama<br>Try legal separation. In a legal separation, the court determines the rights and responsibilities for each party. This allows a married couple who are unsure whether or not they want a divorce to live separately and determine if the marriage can be fixed.
Alabama is a place you can get a divorce.
A: Yes
Cyclamen repandum, the spring sowbread, is a species of flowering plant of the family Primulaceae, native to southern Europe and some Mediterranean islands. It is the most widespread of a group of cyclamens (genus "Cyclamen" subgenus "Psilanthum") with wide, heart-shaped leaves, often coarsely toothed or lobed, and late spring-blooming flowers with long, slender petals.
Cyclamen flowers outside of the winter time.
A: | Yes |
instruction:
In this task, you are given a question and a context passage. You have to answer the question based on the given passage.
question:
Were there fewer major or heavy attacks in December?, Context: Five nights later, Birmingham was hit by 369 bombers from KG 54, KG 26, and KG 55. By the end of November, 1,100 bombers were available for night raids. An average of 200 were able to strike per night. This weight of attack went on for two months, with the Luftwaffe dropping 13,900 short tons (12,600 t) of bombs. In November 1940, 6,000 sorties and 23 major attacks (more than 100 tons of bombs dropped) were flown. Two heavy (50 short tons (45 t) of bombs) attacks were also flown. In December, only 11 major and five heavy attacks were made.
answer:
heavy
question:
What coudl one find that suited men?, Context: Versions of revived Palladian architecture dominated English country house architecture. Houses were increasingly placed in grand landscaped settings, and large houses were generally made wide and relatively shallow, largely to look more impressive from a distance. The height was usually highest in the centre, and the Baroque emphasis on corner pavilions often found on the continent generally avoided. In grand houses, an entrance hall led to steps up to a piano nobile or mezzanine floor where the main reception rooms were. Typically the basement area or "rustic", with kitchens, offices and service areas, as well as male guests with muddy boots, came some way above ground, and was lit by windows that were high on the inside, but just above ground level outside. A single block was typical, with a perhaps a small court for carriages at the front marked off by railings and a gate, but rarely a stone gatehouse, or side wings around the court.
answer:
Typically the basement area or "rustic"
question:
What was the control system used for?, Context: After the Dambusters raid in 1943 an entirely new system was developed that was required to knock down any low-flying aircraft with a single hit. The first attempt to produce such a system used a 50 mm gun, but this proved inaccurate and a new 55 mm gun replaced it. The system used a centralised control system including both search and targeting radar, which calculated the aim point for the guns after considering windage and ballistics, and then sent electrical commands to the guns, which used hydraulics to point themselves at high speeds. Operators simply fed the guns and selected the targets. This system, modern even by today's standards, was in late development when the war ended.
answer:
| calculated the aim point for the guns
|
In this task, you are given a question and a context passage. You have to answer the question based on the given passage.
Q: What type of region was Dalmatia?, Context: The topic of language for writers from Dalmatia and Dubrovnik prior to the 19th century made a distinction only between speakers of Italian or Slavic, since those were the two main groups that inhabited Dalmatian city-states at that time. Whether someone spoke Croatian or Serbian was not an important distinction then, as the two languages were not distinguished by most speakers. This has been used as an argument to state that Croatian literature Croatian per se, but also includes Serbian and other languages that are part of Serbo-Croatian, These facts undermine the Croatian language proponents' argument that modern-day Croatian is based on a language called Old Croatian.
A: | city-states |
You will be given a passage, and your task is to generate a Yes/No question that is answerable based on the given passage.
The first Polish store opened in July 2012 at the Złote Tarasy shopping mall in Warsaw and is operated by M.H. Alshaya Co. It was the first Victoria's Secret franchise store in Europe, and it opened just a day before the first British store in London.
are there victoria's secret stores in europe?
Two-stroke oil (also referred to as two-cycle oil, 2-cycle oil, 2T oil, 2-stroke oil or petroil) is a special type of motor oil intended for use in crankcase compression two-stroke engines.
is 2 cycle and 2 stroke the same thing?
The ring finger is the finger on which it is the custom in a particular culture for a wedding ring to be placed during a wedding ceremony and on which the wedding ring is subsequently worn to indicate the status of the wearer as a married person. It is commonly the finger between the middle finger and the little finger, and is so named because in some cultures it is the finger on which one usually wears a wedding ring after marriage. In some cultures the wedding ring is worn on the ``ring finger'' of the left hand and in others it is on the right hand. Traditionally, a wedding ring was worn only by the bride/wife, but in recent times more men also wear a wedding ring. It is also the custom in some cultures to wear an engagement ring on the ring finger.
| do all cultures wear wedding band on left hand?
|
Teacher:In this task, you will be presented with a context passage, a question about that paragraph, and a possible answer to that question. The task is to check the validity of the answer. Answer with "Yes" or "No".
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? Solve this instance: Reuters Holdings PLC said Michael Reupke resigned as general manager to pursue unspecified interests, a move the news organization termed an "amicable separation." Mr. Reupke, 52 years old and a 27-year Reuters veteran, had been the information-services company's general manager for only six months. His appointment to that post, which has senior administrative, staff and policy responsibilities, followed a several-year tenure as Reuters's editor in chief. No successor was named, and Mr. Reupke's duties will be split among three other senior Reuters executives, the company said. In a telephone interview, Mr. Reupke said his departure was for "personal reasons," which he declined to specify. "There is no business reason for my departure," nor any disagreement over policy, he added. He also rejected reports that his departure stemmed from disappointment the general manager's post hadn't also led to a board directorship at the London-based news organization. Mr. Reupke was one of three executives on Reuters's eight-person executive committee who didn't also serve on the company's board of directors. "If I were choosing the people of tomorrow, I would have chosen the people who are now on the board," he said. A Reuters spokesman said the departure reflects "no change in strategy or profits." Mark Shepperd, an analyst at UBS Philips & Drew in London, said, "I suspect (the departure) will be fairly irrelevant for the company. I would be very surprised if his departure signals any change in strategy or change in profit expectations." On London's Stock Exchange, Reuters shares rose five pence to 913 pence ($14.43). In the U.S. over-the-counter market, American depositary shares for Reuters, each representing three shares in the London market, closed unchanged at $43.875. The senior of the three executives who will assume Mr. Reupke's duties is Nigel Judah, 58, finance director and a Reuters board director. Peter Holland, 45, deputy general manager, becomes director of corporate affairs. And Patrick Mannix, 46, international technical manager, becomes director of group quality programs. <sep>What impact has Reupke's departure had on Reuters?<sep>Little to nothing
Student: | No |
O'Donnell Heights is a neighborhood named for a public housing development in the far southeastern part of the city of Baltimore, Maryland, United States. It is located south and east of Interstate 95, just west of the border with Baltimore County, and north of the St. Helena neighborhood.
Can we infer the following?
O'Donnell Heights has the best dentists.
pick from the following.
I. Yes;
II. It's impossible to say;
III. No;
The answer is: | II. |
In this task, you are given a text of many news articles seperated by special token "|||||". Your task is to summarize them.
"This was quite sudden, and it was also something that was going to separate the relationship that we had, and that was a big blow to me. By that I mean the relationship that each and every day, we work together," he said. "When I discussed her boyfriend, I stated that I wished I could be better at accepting it right now but I probably needed a bit of time." ||||| (CNN) Rep. Patrick Meehan said in an interview Tuesday with the Philadelphia Inquirer that while he had developed deep "affection" for a former staffer and saw her as a "soul mate," he never pursued a romantic relationship with her, contrary to her claims.
Meehan's comments to the Inquirer are his most extensive since The New York Times reported Saturday that the Pennsylvania Republican had used thousands of dollars in taxpayer money to settle a sexual misconduct complaint against him by a former aide.
In the Inquirer interview, Meehan also said he still plans to seek re-election.
Meehan told the Inquirer he had "developed an affection" for his aide "in a way in which I was struggling to make sure that I would never put that into our professional relationship."
He expressed his feelings to the woman and later that night wrote her a letter by hand, according to the Inquirer.
Meehan, according to the Inquirer, said he never wanted a romantic relationship with the former staffer and that he remained loyal to his wife.
He told the Inquirer that he had told the woman he was "a happily married man and I was not interested in a relationship, particularly not any sexual relationship, but we were soul mates. I think that the idea of soul mate is that sort of person" with whom you can "go through remarkable experiences together."
Alexis Ronickher, the attorney for Meehan's accuser, told CNN that his comments were a "gross violation of the agreement" between her client and him.
"At this time, my client sees this as a continued breach of the confidentiality agreement," Ronickher told CNN. "She continues to prize her privacy and is not going to breach. What she will do is cooperate with the Ethics Committee investigation and provide any and all information she can. She's right now reviewing what legal actions and remedies are available to her."
The House Ethics Committee announced Monday that it had opened an investigation into Meehan in response to The New York Times report.
The chairman and ranking member of the House Ethics Committee said Monday that the panel had begun looking into allegations that Meehan "may have engaged in sexual harassment and misused official resources, namely his Member's Representational Allowance." They also noted that Meehan himself had written to the committee to ask that it review the allegations.
The former aide accused Meehan of making unwanted romantic advances toward her and growing hostile when she didn't reciprocate, according to the Times, which cited people familiar with her time in the office.
The former aide initiated a complaint with Congress' Office of Compliance, began working from home and ultimately left her job, the Times reported. She later reached a confidential settlement paid from Meehan's congressional office fund.
Meehan told the Inquirer on Tuesday that he would repay the public funds used to settle the case if the House Ethics Committee's investigation finds that he harassed the woman. However, according to the Inquirer, Meehan described the payment as "severance" rather than a "settlement."
Meehan had been a member of the House ethics panel but was removed by House Speaker Paul Ryan on Saturday. Ryan also told Meehan he must repay whatever taxpayer funds were used to settle the case.
The allegations against Meehan surfaced the same week that a bipartisan group of House lawmakers unveiled a long-awaited plan aimed at tackling the way workplace complaints -- including sexual harassment -- are handled on Capitol Hill. Part of that legislation would hold lawmakers personally liable for settlements. ||||| | Rep. Pat Meehan admits that he told a much younger aide that he saw her as a "soul mate" and handled it badly when he found out she had a serious boyfriend—but he denies that his actions count as sexual harassment, even though his office secretly settled with her for thousands of taxpayer dollars last summer. The Pennsylvania Republican tells the Philadelphia Inquirer that he developed an "affection" for the longtime aide and confessed his feelings for her when he found out about her new relationship. He says he told her "that I was a happily married man and I was not interested in a relationship, particularly not any sexual relationship, but we were soul mates." Meehan, 62, says he defines "soul mate" as a "sort of person that you go through remarkable experiences together." Meehan gave the Inquirer a copy of an emotional letter he wrote to the aide. He admits that "in hindsight," he should have realized it could make a subordinate uncomfortable to receive such a letter from a superior—but in his office, they're all "Team Meehan." He says the hostility the former aide complained she experienced was not because she didn't reciprocate his feelings, but because he was stressed out by ObamaCare negotiations. Her lawyer tells CNN that Meehan's comments are a "gross violation" of their confidentiality agreement and she plans to continue protecting her privacy by not breaching it. Meehan has been removed from the House Ethics Committee, which is investigating the allegations. |
How to make aol instant messenger icons<br>Open a photo editing program (for example : Photoshop, gimp, corel, paint, etc. ) Copy and paste any images you want to include in the icon onto the file. Type in text or put in a background, into a layout you like.
Gimp is not a photo editing program. OPTIONS:
- Yes
- It's impossible to say
- No
A: No
These initiatives include: the Canada prenatal nutrition program; modernizing and strengthening the federal food safety program; improving the management and control of toxic substances in the environment, in food and in drinking water; continuing to explore innovative approaches in the area of rural and community health; and combating diabetes.
All of the initiatives listed are approved by community leaders OPTIONS:
- Yes
- It's impossible to say
- No
A: It's impossible to say
The Gen. Samuel R. Curtis House in Keokuk, Iowa, United States is a Greek Revival structure that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998. Samuel R. Curtis was an engineer, congressman and served as mayor of Keokuk in the 1850s. He was the hero of the Battle of Pea Ridge during the American Civil War. He was the first Major General from Iowa during the war.
Gen. Samuel R. Curtis House has a q OPTIONS:
- Yes
- It's impossible to say
- No
A: | No |
You will be given a passage, and your task is to generate a Yes/No question that is answerable based on the given passage.
Example: Powdered sugar, also called confectioners' sugar, icing sugar, and icing cake, is a finely ground sugar produced by milling granulated sugar into a powdered state. It usually contains a small amount of anti-caking agent to prevent clumping and improve flow. Although most often produced in a factory, powdered sugar can also be made by processing ordinary granulated sugar in a coffee grinder, or by crushing it by hand in a mortar and pestle.
Example solution: is confectionary sugar the same as powdered sugar?
Example explanation: The question is a yes/no question, and it is answerable based on the given passage.
Problem: The NFL's cap is a hard cap that the teams have to stay under at all times, and the salary floor is also a hard floor. Penalties for violating or circumventing the cap regulations include fines of up to $5 million for each violation, cancellation of contracts and/or loss of draft picks. Violating the salary floor regulations does not result in any fines or competitive penalties; instead, deficiencies are placed into a pool and distributed among all players who were on the regular roster of the offending team during a four-year floor cycle, prorated according to time on the roster in said period.
| Solution: is there a salary cap in nfl football? |
In this task, you will be presented with a context passage, a question about that paragraph, and a possible answer to that question. The task is to check the validity of the answer. Answer with "Yes" or "No".
[EX Q]: Oscar-winning actress Joan Fontaine died Sunday, her longtime friend Noel Beutel said Monday. She was 96. Fontaine died "very peacefully" in her sleep of natural causes, Beutel said. She was in her Carmel, California, home. She is survived by her older sister, actress Olivia de Havilland -- with whom she had not spoken for decades. Fontaine was born Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland in 1916 in Tokyo, Japan, where her British father was a patent lawyer and teacher. She and her sister moved to Saratoga, California, with their mother in 1919 when her parents separated. Fontaine was a teenager when she began her acting career as Joan Burfield in the 1935 film "No More Ladies." She later adopted the stage name Fontaine -- the name of her mother's second husband. She wrote in her 1978 autobiography, "No Bed of Roses," that her mother, who was an actress, began encouraging the rivalry with her older sister at an early age. The feud extended to their careers when both sisters were nominated for best actress Oscars in 1942. Fontaine, who was nominated for Alfred Hitchcock's "Suspicion," beat her sister Olivia de Havilland, who was nominated for "Hold Back the Dawn." De Havilland won the first of her two Oscars in 1947 when she was given the best actress award for "To Each His Own." De Havilland and Fontaine remain the only sisters who have best-actress Academy Awards. The long-standing feud with de Havilland was at such a peak during one Oscar winners' reunion in 1979 that they had to be seated on opposite ends of the stage. "I was shocked and saddened to learn of the passing of my sister, Joan Fontaine ... and I appreciate the many kind expressions of sympathy that we have received," a statement released by Olivia de Havilland to CNN said. <sep>How many years did it take for her to get the Oscar after she was nominated for the first time?<sep>None
[EX A]: Yes
[EX Q]: The 1933 double eagle, a $20 gold piece with a mysterious history that involves a president, a king and a Secret Service sting operation, was auctioned Tuesday last night for a record price for a coin, $7.59 million, nearly double the previous record. The anonymous buyer, believed to be an individual collector who lives in the United States, made the winning bid in a fiercely contested nine-minute auction at Sotheby's in Manhattan. Eight bidders were joined by 500 coin collectors and dealers in an auction house audience seemingly devoid of celebrity bidders, while an additional 534 observers followed the bidding on eBay. As auction houses prepare for their fall seasons in an uncertain economy, the sale price "suggests that the marketplace for important items is enormously strong," said David Redden, a vice chairman at Sotheby's, who was the auctioneer. "This is an astonishing new record for a coin," he said. In an unprecedented move, the auction proceeds were split by the U.S. Mint and a London coin dealer, Stephen Fenton, who had won that right in court after having been arrested by Secret Service agents for trying to sell the coin in the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel in Manhattan in 1996. Henrietta Holsman Fore, the director of the U.S. Mint, who witnessed the sale, said, "The monies we receive will go toward helping to pay down the debt and to fight the war on terrorism." Fenton commented that the double eagle had been on "a long historic journey, with a very satisfying ending." He added, "I am thrilled with the price." The previous numismatic record holder was an 1804 U.S. silver dollar, which sold for $4.14 million in 1999. Sotheby's partner in the one-lot auction was Stack's Rare Coins, with which it shared the customary 15 percent commission. "I have never seen as much interest in the sale of any coin in my 30 years in the business," said Lawrence R. Stack, the company's managing director. "This is the Mona Lisa of coins," said Beth Deisher, editor of Coin World, the largest weekly coin publication in the United States, with a circulation of 85,000. "It is unique. Forbidden fruit." Collectors' Web sites have surged with speculation about the sale price, and enthusiasts even organized betting pools. <sep>Who is the managing director of Stack's Rare Coins?<sep>Fenton
[EX A]: No
[EX Q]: The French have always wanted to know what it means to be a Frenchman. Their history has been a constant quest for national identity: a conflict between strong regional loyalties and central authority. In about 2000 b.c. Celtic tribes — probably from eastern Europe — came looking for greener pastures in the areas that are now Franche-Comté, Alsace, and Burgundy. At the same time, migrants from the Mediterranean countries were trickling into the south. The first recorded settlement was the trading post set up by Phocaean Greeks from Asia Minor at Massalia (Marseilles) around 600 b.c. , followed by other ports at Hyères, Antibes, and Nice. But the Greeks developed few contacts with the interior beyond a little commerce in olives and wine with the Celts of Burgundy. When their position was threatened by Ligurian pirates at sea and warlike tribes from inland, the merchants of Marseilles called on Rome for help. From Gaul to France In 125 b.c. , the Romans came in force, conquered the "Gallic barbarians," and set up a fortress at Aquae Sextiae (Aix-en-Provence). They took advantage of this new stronghold to create Provincia (now Provence), stretching from the Alps to the Pyrénées, in order to guarantee communications between Italy and Spain. When this province was endangered by fresh attacks from the north, Julius Caesar himself took charge, conquering practically the whole of Gaul by 50 b.c. Caesar drew Gaul's northeastern frontier at the Rhine, taking in present-day Belgium, and warned that the Germanic tribes across the river — the Franks (after whom France is named), Alamans, and Saxons — would always threaten the security of the frontier. The Romanization of Gaul sent the most energetic warriors to defend the outposts of the empire while their families settled down to work the land or build towns such as Lyon, Orange, Arles, and Nîmes, and the first great highways between them. At the same time, merchants built up a thriving trade with the rest of the Roman Empire. The pattern for the peasantry and bourgeoisie of France was thus established. Christianity was introduced into Gaul in the first century a.d. <sep>What were the Romans' first two settlements?<sep>Massalia (MarÂseilles) and Provincia (now Provence)
[EX A]: | No
|
In this task, you will be presented with a context passage, a question about that paragraph, and a possible answer to that question. The task is to check the validity of the answer. Answer with "Yes" or "No".
Example Input: Tropical climates are found around the equator. These climates have warm temperatures year round. Tropical climates may be very wet or wet and dry. Tropical wet climates occur at or very near the equator. They have high rainfall year round. Tropical rainforests grow in this type of climate. Tropical wet and dry climates also occur near the equator. They receive less rainfall. Most of the rain falls in a single season. The rest of the year is dry. Few trees can withstand the long dry season. The main plants are grasses. Dry climates receive very little rainfall. They also have high rates of evaporation. This makes them even drier. Deserts can get less than 25 centimeters of rain per year. Thats less than 10 inches per year. How much rain do you get at your house? <sep>How much rainfall do the deserts receive?<sep>Very high
Example Output: No
Example Input: The day was just breaking, as I left the tower; though it was still too dark in the house to be able to see without a light, and I took one of the study candles with me on my 'round. By the time I had finished the ground floor, the daylight was creeping in, wanly, through the barred windows. My search had shown me nothing fresh. Everything appeared to be in order, and I was on the point of extinguishing my candle, when the thought suggested itself to me to have another glance 'round the cellars. I had not, if I remember rightly, been into them since my hasty search on the evening of the attack. For, perhaps, the half of a minute, I hesitated. I would have been very willing to forego the task--as, indeed, I am inclined to think any man well might--for of all the great, awe-inspiring rooms in this house, the cellars are the hugest and weirdest. Great, gloomy caverns of places, unlit by any ray of daylight. Yet, I would not shirk the work. I felt that to do so would smack of sheer cowardice. Besides, as I reassured myself, the cellars were really the most unlikely places in which to come across anything dangerous; considering that they can be entered, only through a heavy oaken door, the key of which, I carry always on my person. <sep>What are great, gloomy caverns of places?<sep>Sheds
Example Output: No
Example Input: Earth processes have not changed over time. The way things happen now is the same way things happened in the past. Mountains grow and mountains slowly wear away. The same process is at work the same as it was billions of years ago. As the environment changes, living creatures adapt. They change over time. Some organisms may not be able to adapt. They become extinct. Becoming extinct means they die out completely. Some geologists study the history of the Earth. They want to learn about Earths past. They use clues from rocks and fossils. They use these clues to make sense of events. The goal is to place things in the order they happened. They also want to know how long it took for those events to happen. <sep>What do geologists study to give them clues about the Earth's past?<sep>Fossils
Example Output: | Yes
|
You will be given a definition of a task first, then some input of the task.
In this task, you are given a text of many news articles seperated by special token "|||||". Your task is to summarize them.
Abstract and Introduction
Abstract
In 1994 the National Football League (NFL) initiated a comprehensive clinical and biomechanical research study of mild traumatic brain injury (TBI), a study that is ongoing. Data on mild TBIs sustained between 1996 and 2001 were collected and submitted by NFL team physicians and athletic trainers, and these data were analyzed by the NFL's Committee on Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. At the same time, analysis of game videos was performed for on-field mild TBIs to quantify the biomechanics involved and to develop means to improve the understanding of these injuries so that manufacturers could systematically improve and update their head protective equipment. The findings and analysis of the Committee have been presented in a series of articles in Neurosurgery.
Introduction
In 1992 Al Toon, who was a wide receiver for the New York Jets, was the first NFL player known to have retired because of postconcussion syndrome.[2] The year after Mr. Toon's retirement, another player, Merrill Hoge of the Chicago Bears, retired because of the same problem. Commissioner Paul Tagliabue, team physicians, and many others raised questions: was this a new problem or a misdiagnosed or unrecognized one? Was this a statistical anomaly or the beginning of an epidemic?
It was decided that a rigorous, scientific approach was necessary to gather the data to answer these questions for this high-profile professional sports league. In 1994, Commissioner Tagliabue approved the creation of the NFL's Committee on Mild Traumatic Brain Injury.[12] The Committee was composed of experts inside and outside the NFL. It was decided by the Committee that protection against in jury as well as collection and analysis of injury data would be critical to the success of their mission. For the study, a reportable mild TBI was defined as a traumatically induced alteration in brain function manifested by an alteration of awareness and consciousness, including but not limited to an LOC, a "ding," a sensation of being dazed or stunned, a sensation of "wooziness" or "fogginess," a seizure or amnesic period, and by symptoms commonly associated with postconcussion syndrome, including persistent headaches, vertigo, lightheadedness, loss of balance, unsteadiness, syncope, near-syncope, cognitive dysfunction, memory disturbances, hearing loss, tinnitus, blurred vision, diplopia, visual loss, personality change, drowsiness, lethargy, fatigue, and inability to perform usual daily activities.[10] The research summarized here was developed, supervised, and completed in response to the stated goals of the NFL's Committee on Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. ||||| Penalty run-ups are just getting ridiculous ...
Deliberate, yes? We think so. Look at the replay from side on. Look at the cheeky glimpse he gives the referee. Look at the way he's not clutching his face in agony and/or shame.
Rather incredibly, this wasn't even a friendly. This was in a penalty shootout, following the 3rd/4th place playoff of the AFC Challenge Cup, a tournament held by the Asian Football Confederation for "emerging nations". Sadly for our penalty taker, Afghanistan went on to lose the shootout 8-7. Congrats to the Maldives.
Now, who's going to try this in Brazil? ||||| INTRODUCTION:
This study aimed to use video analysis techniques to determine the velocity, impact force, angle of impact, and impulse to fracture involved in a video-recorded bicycle accident resulting in facial fractures. Computed tomographic images of the resulting facial injury are presented for correlation with data and calculations. To our knowledge, such an analysis of an actual recorded trauma has not been reported in the literature.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:
A video recording of the accident was split into frames and analyzed using an image editing program. Measurements of velocity and angle of impact were obtained from this analysis, and the force of impact and impulse were calculated using the inverse dynamic method with connected rigid body segments. These results were then correlated with the actual fracture pattern found on computed tomographic imaging of the subject's face.
RESULTS:
There was an impact velocity of 6.25 m/s, impact angles of 14 and 6.3 degrees of neck extension and axial rotation, respectively, an impact force of 1910.4 N, and an impulse to fracture of 47.8 Ns. These physical parameters resulted in clinically significant bilateral mid-facial Le Fort II and III pattern fractures.
DISCUSSION:
These data confer further understanding of the biomechanics of bicycle-related accidents by correlating an actual clinical outcome with the kinematic and dynamic parameters involved in the accident itself and yielding a concrete evidence of the velocity, force, and impulse necessary to cause clinically significant facial trauma. These findings can aid in the design of protective equipment for bicycle riders to help avoid this type of injury. |||||
Output: | Kids have a word for it when you land face-first: "fail." As an Internet meme, it's called faceplanting. But what really happens when people use their face for brakes? At BoingBoing, Maggie Koerth-Baker looks at the physical results—which aren't pretty—and takes a glimpse at the related field of injury biomechanics. She starts with a paper by a mechanical engineer about a classic faceplant: young man tries to ride bike along a board from shoreline to dock, misses board, lands face-first. (See the video here.) He endured Le Fort II and III fractures, his face cracking in a triangle shape starting at the top of the nose and going down both sides to the upper jaw. Sadly, other researchers say this particular video won't advance the field because the frame-rate is poor; real experiments analyze the 10-20 milliseconds in which injuries occur. So Koerth-Baker delves deeper into injury biomechanics, starting with John Stapp, an Air Force flight surgeon who endured a sudden stop in a rocket sled at 46.2 g's of force in 1954. He broke nearly all the capillaries in his eyes, Ejection Site reports, but his work helped the Air Force design pilot ejector-seats. More recently, studies on NFL concussions have shown that hits from the side or back cause more concussions than hits on the crown of the helmet. Which leaves faceplanters where, exactly? Well, getting seriously injured as we laugh and learn. At least this one, at SBNation, faceplanted on purpose in an effort to help his team. (Click to check out some less painful memes.) |
Teacher:In this task, you will be presented with a context passage, a question about that paragraph, and a possible answer to that question. The task is to check the validity of the answer. Answer with "Yes" or "No".
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? Solve this instance: In short, the United States has to help defeat an ideology, not just a group of people, and we must do so under difficult circumstances. How can the United States and its friends help moderate Muslims combat the extremist ideas? Recommendation: The U.S. government must define what the message is, what it stands for. We should offer an example of moral leadership in the world, committed to treat people humanely, abide by the rule of law, and be generous and caring to our neighbors. America and Muslim friends can agree on respect for human dignity and opportunity. To Muslim parents, terrorists like Bin Laden have nothing to offer their children but visions of violence and death. America and its friends have a crucial advantage-we can offer these parents a vision that might give their children a better future. If we heed the views of thoughtful leaders in the Arab and Muslim world, a moderate consensus can be found. That vision of the future should stress life over death: individual educational and economic opportunity. This vision includes widespread political participation and contempt for indiscriminate violence. It includes respect for the rule of law, openness in discussing differences, and tolerance for opposing points of view. Recommendation: Where Muslim governments, even those who are friends, do not respect these principles, the United States must stand for a better future. One of the lessons of the long Cold War was that short-term gains in cooperating with the most repressive and brutal governments were too often outweighed by long-term setbacks for America's stature and interests. American foreign policy is part of the message. America's policy choices have consequences. Right or wrong, it is simply a fact that American policy regarding the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and American actions in Iraq are dominant staples of popular commentary across the Arab and Muslim world. That does not mean U.S. choices have been wrong. It means those choices must be integrated with America's message of opportunity to the Arab and Muslim world. <sep>Who should be generous and caring to their neighbours<sep>Animals
Student: | No |
In this task, you are given a question and a context passage. You have to answer the question based on the given passage.
Example Input: Which paper uses the name of the people living in the state?, Context: The Oklahoman is Oklahoma City's major daily newspaper and is the most widely circulated in the state. NewsOK.com is the Oklahoman's online presence. Oklahoma Gazette is Oklahoma City's independent newsweekly, featuring such staples as local commentary, feature stories, restaurant reviews and movie listings and music and entertainment. The Journal Record is the city's daily business newspaper and okcBIZ is a monthly publication that covers business news affecting those who live and work in Central Oklahoma.
Example Output: The Oklahoman
Example Input: Which company was being sued in 1999 by Schwarzenegger for making claims regarding his steroid use?, Context: In 1999, Schwarzenegger sued Dr. Willi Heepe, a German doctor who publicly predicted his early death on the basis of a link between his steroid use and his later heart problems. As the doctor had never examined him personally, Schwarzenegger collected a US$10,000 libel judgment against him in a German court. In 1999, Schwarzenegger also sued and settled with The Globe, a U.S. tabloid which had made similar predictions about the bodybuilder's future health.
Example Output: The Globe
Example Input: Why did the English make ale from fermented malt?, Context: Traditional English ale was made solely from fermented malt. The practice of adding hops to produce beer was introduced from the Netherlands in the early 15th century. Alehouses would each brew their own distinctive ale, but independent breweries began to appear in the late 17th century. By the end of the century almost all beer was brewed by commercial breweries.
Example Output: | Traditional
|
Possible answers:
[I] Ideally, this tool should be able to measure moisture that bubbles up when wet. There are many factors to consider when determining moisture levels.
[II] Use it to test out your natural moisture content. The same principle applies with wood resin products.
[III] This tool has 2 small metal probes that are touched against the wood to produce a moisture readout expressed as a percentage of the wood's volume or weight. Test the wood's moisture content.
[IV] A moisture meter must be in a plastic bucket so it can reach the moisture level after it is washed. These devices tend to be expensive, but you can find one online.Choose from options above and answer: What most naturally follows?
How to dry wood for woodworking
Purchase a moisture meter.
There is no accurate visual or tactile test for determining a wood's moisture content. To be sure that your wood is dry enough for woodworking, you'll need a small handheld tool called a moisture meter.
Answer: | [III] |
You will be given a passage, and your task is to generate a Yes/No question that is answerable based on the given passage.
One example is below.
Q: Powdered sugar, also called confectioners' sugar, icing sugar, and icing cake, is a finely ground sugar produced by milling granulated sugar into a powdered state. It usually contains a small amount of anti-caking agent to prevent clumping and improve flow. Although most often produced in a factory, powdered sugar can also be made by processing ordinary granulated sugar in a coffee grinder, or by crushing it by hand in a mortar and pestle.
A: is confectionary sugar the same as powdered sugar?
Rationale: The question is a yes/no question, and it is answerable based on the given passage.
Q: So far no team has yet managed to reach the championship game in their home stadium, or even come close. Only two NFL teams have reached the Super Bowl hosted in their home market: the San Francisco 49ers, who played Super Bowl XIX in Stanford Stadium, rather than Candlestick Park, and the Los Angeles Rams, who played Super Bowl XIV in the Rose Bowl, rather than the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum. Besides those two, the only other Super Bowl venue that was not the home stadium to an NFL team at the time was Rice Stadium in Houston: the Houston Oilers had played there previously, but moved to the Astrodome several years prior to Super Bowl VIII. The Miami Orange Bowl was the only AFL stadium to host a Super Bowl and the only stadium to host consecutive Super Bowls, hosting Super Bowl II and III. MetLife Stadium, which hosted Super Bowl XLVIII, is the home stadium of two NFL teams: the New York Giants and the New York Jets.
A: | has any team won the superbowl in their own stadium? |
In this task, you are given a question and a context passage. You have to answer the question based on the given passage.
--------
Question: What was the other natural disaster besides the big storm, Context: Although the Chinese government was initially praised for its response to the quake (especially in comparison to Myanmar's ruling military junta's blockade of aid during Cyclone Nargis), it then saw an erosion in confidence over the school construction scandal.
Answer: the quake
Question: Which of the following is not the name of a goddess: Taleju, Durga, or Kumari?, Context: Kumari Ghar is a palace in the center of the Kathmandu city, next to the Durbar square where a Royal Kumari selected from several Kumaris resides. Kumari, or Kumari Devi, is the tradition of worshipping young pre-pubescent girls as manifestations of the divine female energy or devi in South Asian countries. In Nepal the selection process is very rigorous. Kumari is believed to be the bodily incarnation of the goddess Taleju (the Nepali name for Durga) until she menstruates, after which it is believed that the goddess vacates her body. Serious illness or a major loss of blood from an injury are also causes for her to revert to common status. The current Royal Kumari, Matina Shakya, age four, was installed in October 2008 by the Maoist government that replaced the monarchy.
Answer: Kumari
Question: How does DNA become constricted from RNA?, Context: Additionally, genes can have regulatory regions many kilobases upstream or downstream of the open reading frame. These act by binding to transcription factors which then cause the DNA to loop so that the regulatory sequence (and bound transcription factor) become close to the RNA polymerase binding site. For example, enhancers increase transcription by binding an activator protein which then helps to recruit the RNA polymerase to the promoter; conversely silencers bind repressor proteins and make the DNA less available for RNA polymerase.
Answer: | silencers
|
Arromanches-les-Bains or simply Arromanches is a town in Normandy, France, located on the coast in the heart of the area where the Normandy landings took place on D-Day, on June 6, 1944.
Based on the paragraph above can we conclude that "Arromanches-les-Bains is where William the Conqueror was born."? | It's impossible to say |
Teacher: In this task, you are given a question and a context passage. You have to answer the question based on the given passage.
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? If you are still confused, see the following example:
what is the first event mentioned?, Context: The Russian Revolution is the series of revolutions in Russia in 1917, which destroyed the Tsarist autocracy and led to the creation of the Soviet Union. Following the abdication of Nicholas II of Russia, the Russian Provisional Government was established. In October 1917, a red faction revolution occurred in which the Red Guard, armed groups of workers and deserting soldiers directed by the Bolshevik Party, seized control of Saint Petersburg (then known as Petrograd) and began an immediate armed takeover of cities and villages throughout the former Russian Empire.
Solution: Russian Revolution
Reason: This is a good example, and the Russian Revolution is the first event mentioned.
Now, solve this instance: What kind of being was Apollo said to be?, Context: As sun-god and god of light, Apollo was also known by the epithets Aegletes (/əˈɡliːtiːz/ ə-GLEE-teez; Αἰγλήτης, Aiglētēs, from αἴγλη, "light of the sun"), Helius (/ˈhiːliəs/ HEE-lee-əs; Ἥλιος, Helios, literally "sun"), Phanaeus (/fəˈniːəs/ fə-NEE-əs; Φαναῖος, Phanaios, literally "giving or bringing light"), and Lyceus (/laɪˈsiːəs/ ly-SEE-əs; Λύκειος, Lykeios, from Proto-Greek *λύκη, "light"). The meaning of the epithet "Lyceus" later became associated with Apollo's mother Leto, who was the patron goddess of Lycia (Λυκία) and who was identified with the wolf (λύκος), earning him the epithets Lycegenes (/laɪˈsɛdʒəniːz/ ly-SEJ-ə-neez; Λυκηγενής, Lukēgenēs, literally "born of a wolf" or "born of Lycia") and Lycoctonus (/laɪˈkɒktənəs/ ly-KOK-tə-nəs; Λυκοκτόνος, Lykoktonos, from λύκος, "wolf", and κτείνειν, "to kill"). As god of the sun, Apollo was called Sol (/ˈsɒl/ SOL, literally "sun" in Latin) by the Romans.
Student: | sun-god |
Teacher:In this task, you are given a text of many news articles seperated by special token "|||||". Your task is to summarize them.
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? Solve this instance: When this happens -- and it happens more often than I like -- I think about a Gloria Steinem quote a friend posted on Facebook. It read: "We've begun to raise daughters more like sons ... but few have the courage to raise our sons more like our daughters."
The pants mock me. I usually keep this pair hidden -- underneath my 18-month-old son's jeans and sweats, under the hand-me-down khakis with the embroidered hearts on the butt. But today the pants, those pink pants with the flowers, lie exposed in an empty dresser drawer. The only clean pants. For my boy.
Pink is the most loaded color, at least in a child's world. Once a fierce boy color, pink has for decades now been insidiously marketed and pushed as the epitome of a kind of frilly, marginalizing girlhood. Small-scale boycotts have popped up in England and elsewhere as people finally push back against what the former head of UK's National Consumer Council calls this "gender apartheid." And according to Slate, gender neutral clothes are making a high-end comeback, a possible way out of the pink prison.
And now there is some buzz about a book by Cordelia Fine called "Delusions of Gender," a volley in the nature-versus-nurture wars firmly on the nurture side. Fine argues that men are not from Mars and women are not from Venus. In fact, she says, we are way more alike than different. All those supposedly entrenched gender differences, the ones we read about in popular literature and scientific journals alike? Just a product of oppressive "neurosexism," she says.
This sounds like a great reason to get girls away from pink and all the socio-corporate limitations it imposes. But what about boys? What about the flip side of that gender apartheid, that boys are shunted into blue and trucks and trains? We do not perceive them as the victims -- likely because masculine traits are traditionally perceived as more active and positives -- but they are limited nonetheless.
Why can't boys wear pink?
For better or for worse, pink has come to stand for the feminine in the baby and toddler world. And let's not throw the baby out with the bath water, so to speak. The stereotypes run both ways -- feminine may be perceived as weak and passive, but it is also seen as gentle and sensitive. And if men are going to make it in post-industrial society -- and there is much fear that they will not -- they need these interpersonal and nurturing skills, both at work and at home.
Could we raise gentle and sensitive boys without the feminine symbols, without pink? Probably. But what's wrong with a little pink, with a flower here and a butterfly there? So, Ms. Steinem, I'm on board. I get it. I can't just toughen up my girl. I also need to make my boy confident with his softer sides. I need to embrace a metaphorical pink.
So during my recent nine months of paternity leave (thanks, Sweden, for helping me reverse gender stereotypes myself), I fostered my son's love of dolls, cuddling and kissing them when he reached them up to me with expectations in his eyes. And I regularly put him in the shiny pink dress at the local "open preschool" when he asked for it. And I still cuddle and kiss him until he can't take it -- no stoic, unreachable model of masculinity here.
The dude looks good in pink, too, not the least bit effeminate. (Wait, that is bad, right? I should say that he looks effeminate, and I love it. I have a ways to go on this one, it seems). For even if he is a pretty boy, he is not a "pretty boy," if you know what I mean (D'oh! There I go again, getting all macho about my sweet son.)
He wears plenty of pink, mostly in the details -- flowers on slippers, details on pants, collars on shirts -- all hand-me-downs from big sister. It would be financial insanity to just give all those clothes away. For while the Swedish state takes good care of families with small children, my paternity leave pay wasn't that good.
Back at the dresser drawer, however, before the pink pants, I falter. There must be other pants in the dirty laundry that would work. What is a little dried oatmeal on the leg?
At the park or at preschool when we pick up his older sister, if he has on pink, I see the looks, the glances. In the sandbox the smallest butterfly on his pants creates confusion.
You can see the gears working in the other parent's head. Is this a boy or girl? Should I ask? Maybe I shouldn't.
And this is in Sweden -- a country far more equal and less focused on gender than the United States. This is a place where men take more than 20 percent of the most generous parental leave in the world. This is a place where two 13-year-old boys took on Toys "R" Us for its sexist toy catalogs. There is no pink-blue tyranny here (babies are dressed in shockingly neutral colors, plus lots of stripes, which raises other fashion issues), and people usually know to ask, "What is your child's name?" instead of, "What is your son's name?"
But the code of pink thrives here anyway, and I am slowly buckling under the pressure. My son's pink shirts get worn as pajamas at home or only on cold days when I know his black San Francisco sweatshirt will never come off.
Standing at the dresser, I ponder that pink reflects my own masculinity -- all silly and sensitive at home but strong and silent in public.
And then I remember the bag of extra clothes in the extra diaper bag -- the one that I no longer use. I rush over. The pants inside are too short and a little frilly.
But they are orange.
Nathan Hegedus writes the Big News column for The Faster Times and also blogs at Dispatches from Daddyland. He recently returned to work in Stockholm, Sweden after nine months of paid paternity leave. ||||| Masterfile / Radius Images / Corbis
The fact that the average American working woman earns only about 8o% of what the average American working man earns has been something of a festering sore for at least half the population for several decades. And despite many programs and analyses and hand-wringing and badges and even some legislation, the figure hasn't budged much in the past five years.
But now there's evidence that the ship may finally be turning around: according to a new analysis of 2,000 communities by a market research company, in 147 out of 150 of the biggest cities in the U.S., the median full-time salaries of young women are 8% higher than those of the guys in their peer group. In two cities, Atlanta and Memphis, those women are making about 20% more. This squares with earlier research from Queens College, New York, that had suggested that this was happening in major metropolises. But the new study suggests that the gap is bigger than previously thought, with young women in New York City, Los Angeles and San Diego making 17%, 12% and 15% more than their male peers, respectively. And it also holds true even in reasonably small areas like the Raleigh-Durham region and Charlotte in North Carolina (both 14% more), and Jacksonville, Fla. (6%). (See TIME's special report on the state of the American woman.)
Here's the slightly deflating caveat: this reverse gender gap, as it's known, applies only to unmarried, childless women under 30 who live in cities. The rest of working women even those of the same age, but who are married or don't live in a major metropolitan area are still on the less scenic side of the wage divide.
The figures come from James Chung of Reach Advisors, who has spent more than a year analyzing data from the Census Bureau's American Community Survey. He attributes the earnings reversal overwhelmingly to one factor: education. For every two guys who graduate from college or get a higher degree, three women do. This is almost the exact opposite of the graduation ratio that existed when the baby boomers entered college. Studies have consistently shown that a college degree pays off in much higher wages over a lifetime, and even in many cases for entry-level positions. "These women haven't just caught up with the guys," says Chung. "In many cities, they're clocking them."
Chung also claims that, as far as women's pay is concerned, not all cities are created equal. Having pulled data on 2,000 communities and cross-referenced the demographic information with the wage-gap figures, he found that the cities where women earned more than men had at least one of three characteristics. Some, like New York City or Los Angeles, had primary local industries that were knowledge-based. Others were manufacturing towns whose industries had shrunk, especially smaller ones like Erie, Pa., or Terre Haute, Ind. Still others, like Miami or Monroe, La., had a majority minority population. (Hispanic and black women are twice as likely to graduate from college as their male peers.) (See the top 10 female leaders.)
Significantly, the conditions that are feeding the rise in female wages a growing knowledge-based economy, the decline of a manufacturing base and an increasing minority population are dominant trends throughout the U.S. "This generation [of women] has adapted to the fundamental restructuring of the American economy better than their older predecessors or male peers," says Chung. While the economic advantage of women sometimes evaporates as they age and have families, Chung believes that women now may have enough leverage that their financial gains may not be completely erased as they get older.
The holdout cities those where the earnings of single, college-educated young women still lag men's tended to be built around industries that are heavily male-dominated, such as software development or military-technology contracting. In other words, Silicon Valley could also be called Gender Gap Gully.
As for the somewhat depressing caveat that the findings held true only for women who were childless and single: it's not their marital status that puts the squeeze on their income. Rather, highly educated women tend to marry and have children later. Thus the women who earn the most in their 20s are usually single and childless.
The rise of female economic power is by no means limited to the U.S., nor necessarily to the young. Late last year, the Bureau of Labor Statistics announced that for the first time, women made up the majority of the workforce in highly paid managerial positions. The change in the status quo has been marked enough that several erstwhile women's advocates have started to voice concerns about how to get more men to go to college. Is there an equivalent to Title IX for men?
See poll results on men, women and society. |||||
Student: | Finally, some good news for women when it comes to the gender gap. A new study shows that in many of the biggest US cities, women are out-earning men by a median of 8%. In Atlanta and Memphis, the difference shoots all the way up to 20%. One researcher attributes this reversal to education: Three women get a college degree for every two men. The bad news? This “reverse gender gap” holds true only for under-30, single, childless women, Time reports. Even so, that researcher says women are gaining enough leverage through this trend that they may not lose the gains as they get older and start families. But this news should be taken with a grain of salt, writes Tracy Clark-Flory on Salon. “When we talk about young women out-earning men, we are talking about averages,” she writes. As the researcher told her, “It does not mean that a woman holding the same job and the same degree out-earns men.” For more on that, click here. |
Dragon Age: Inquisition is an action role-playing video game developed by BioWare Edmonton and published by Electronic Arts. The third major game in the "Dragon Age" franchise, "Dragon Age: Inquisition" is the sequel to "" and "Dragon Age II". The game was released worldwide in November 2014 for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, Xbox 360, and Xbox One.
Dragon Age: Inquisition is a long game.
A: It's impossible to say
But I'll tell you this. I'm also a former law enforcement officer. I ran one of the largest district attorney's offices in America, one of the ten largest. I put people behind bars for the rest of their life. I've broken up organized crime. I know something about prosecuting.
They quit the DA position to run for congress
A: It's impossible to say
HTnaturals is a Canadian clothing and accessories company based in Vancouver, BC. The company focuses mainly on wholesale sales to third party retailers but also operates a factory outlet in Vancouver and an online store. Founded in 1998, HTnaturals has grown from a fledgling home-based business to a thriving leader in the natural and organic clothing industry.
The company is less than 28 years old
A: | Yes |
You will be given a definition of a task first, then some input of the task.
In this task, we ask you to elaborate the sentence without changing its general meaning. You can do so by explaining further the input sentence, using more precise wording, adding qualifiers and auxiliary information etc.
Haig has been praised by many people by keeping the government running during the Watergate scandal that brought down Nixon .
Output: | Haig has been largely credited with keeping the government running while President Nixon was preoccupied with Watergate and was essentially seen as the " acting president " during Nixon 's last few months in office . |
Detailed Instructions: In this task, we ask you to elaborate the sentence without changing its general meaning. You can do so by explaining further the input sentence, using more precise wording, adding qualifiers and auxiliary information etc.
Q: Uniform Resource Locator ( URL ) is another name for a web address .
A: | A Uniform Resource Locator ( URL ) , colloquially termed a web address , is a reference to a web resource that specifies its location on a computer network and a mechanism for retrieving it . |
Detailed Instructions: In this task, we ask you to elaborate the sentence without changing its general meaning. You can do so by explaining further the input sentence, using more precise wording, adding qualifiers and auxiliary information etc.
See one example below:
Problem: The Inheritance Cycle is a series of fantasy books written by Christopher Paolini.
Solution: The Inheritance Cycle is a tetralogy of young adult high fantasy novels written by American author Christopher Paolini.
Explanation: The output sentence elaborates on the input sentence without changing its general meaning e.g. "tetralogy of young adult high fantasy novels".
Problem: This organisation has no distinct legal status but seems to move towards a role of these cities as regional capitals outside of London .
Solution: | This organisation accords no distinct legal status on these councils over any other city council in England but appears to be organically moving towards some kind of recognition of their role as regional capitals outside London . |
You will be given a definition of a task first, then some input of the task.
In this task, you are given a text of many news articles seperated by special token "|||||". Your task is to summarize them.
Relatives of the Michigan man fatally struck with a tossed sandbag were irate Friday as a Lucas County Juvenile Court judge ordered the four teenagers to a local treatment center instead of a state prison.
Judge Denise Navarre Cubbon called the actions senseless, irresponsible, and impulsive and said the defendants’ ages — they were either 13 or 14 at the time — were not an excuse for their crimes.
“This was not a prank. Throwing things off an overpass is not a prank,” the judge said.
Still, she said the Lucas County Youth Treatment Center in downtown Toledo is the best option for rehabilitation and to make the teenagers productive members of society. It has an average stay of eight months.
VIDEO: Toledo teens sentenced for dropping sandbag
RELATED: Prosecutor: Police had right to stop youths in sandbag case | Fourth teen pleads guilty in sandbag killing
Lillian Diallo, a Detroit-based attorney for the family of Marquise Byrd, 22, who was killed in the Dec. 19 incident, called the sentences outrageous. Family and friends of Mr. Byrd, who were visibly upset, walked out of the courtroom before Judge Cubbon was finished sentencing Pedro Salinas, Sean Carter, William Parker II, and Demetrius Wimberly.
The four juveniles involved in the death of Marquise Byrd are led out of the courtroom following their sentencing Friday, April 6, 2018, by Lucas County Juvenile Court Judge Denise Navarre Cubbon in downtown Toledo. Demetrius Wimberly, William Parker II, Sean Carter, and Pedro Salinas were sentenced to the Lucas County Youth Treatment Center for their roles in the December 19, 2017, incident that caused fatal injury to Marquise Byrd. The Blade/Katie Rausch
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“What madness is this? Where we don’t have to take responsibility for whatever age we are? What is this?” Ms. Diallo asked, following the hearing.
The teens — Salinas, 13, Carter, 14, Parker, 15, and Wimberly, 14 — all previously pleaded guilty for their involvement in dropping a sandbag from the Indiana Avenue overpass onto I-75. The sandbag struck a passing car, killing a passenger, Mr. Byrd.
The attorney said Mr. Byrd will never be able to see his 2-year-old son, his fiancee, his brother, mother, or other relatives again — while the four boys could soon go home to be with their families.
“The way we were talking to the prosecutor, I knew we weren’t going to get justice,” said Marcus Byrd, who is Mr. Byrd’s brother.
Lori Olender, deputy chief of the county’s juvenile division, said the “absolutely senseless act” ripped a family apart.
“Whether the crime is called involuntary manslaughter or murder, it all comes down to the same thing, your Honor: an innocent man has lost his life,” Ms. Olender said. “No matter how much time is given in this case, four juveniles will eventually be reunited with their family, but Marquise Byrd will not.”
She pleaded with the judge to take the 30 victim-impact statements into consideration and to “please send a message to the community and to the four boys” so the incident would not be treated like a “childish prank but for the homicide that it is.”
Ms. Olender did not provide a sentencing recommendation to the judge.
Marcus Byrd, center, speaks after the four juveniles involved in the death of his brother Marquise Byrd were sentenced. The Blade/Katie Rausch
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Patricia Wilkes, Mr. Byrd’s mother, spoke prior to the boys’ sentencing. She said she had no expectations for a sentence because there was nothing that was going to bring her son — who played an integral part in her life — back.
“This incident has disrupted my entire life, my entire family,” she said. “Now, my life is in shambles, for one, every day I wake up and I go to sleep thinking about my son lying there in that hospital bed.”
The boys each entered the courtroom with a piece of paper in hand — prepared statements to say how sorry they were. All of them, along someone from each of their families, directly apologized to members of the Byrd family, many of whom sat in the jury box with boxes of tissues on their laps.
“I am sincerely sorry for the loss of Marquise Byrd. I was at the wrong place at the wrong time, doing the wrong thing,” Salinas said. “I hope you can forgive me. I hope you can find it in your heart to forgive me. I’m only 14.”
Judge Cubbon said the boys will have to put in work — with regular court hearings, changing thinking and behaviors, educational needs, and working on substance-abuse treatment, as well as family participation. They will have a follow-up hearing with the judge next month once a plan is established for them at the treatment facility.
The judge initially sentenced the boys to the Ohio Department of Youth Services, but put that sentence off in lieu of the local option. If the local treatment doesn’t work, any of the boys could go to state prison.
“This can’t be accomplished at the Department of Youth Services, but it can be accomplished at the Youth Treatment Center with participation and commitment from the families and the children,” the judge said. “I will ensure that they successfully complete all of the programming requirements so when they return to the community, whenever that is, that their behavior changes, will be beneficial to the community, provide community safety, to ensure this tragedy or other similar tragedies never happen again.”
Representatives from the probation department and the Youth Treatment Center all recommended the boys serve time at the treatment facility.
Salinas, who admitted to dropping the fatal sandbag, previously pleaded to murder, a first-degree felony; felonious assault, a second-degree felony, and a misdemeanor offense of vehicular vandalism.
The judge sentenced him to the Department of Youth Services up to age 21 for the murder charge, and one year for vehicular vandalism. That sentence was suspended and he was referred to the treatment center.
The Carter, Wimberly, and Parker youths each previously pleaded guilty to felony offenses of involuntary manslaughter and vehicular vandalism, and a misdemeanor offense of vehicular vandalism.
The judge sentenced them to three years for involuntary manslaughter and one year for vehicular vandalism, also at the Department of Youth Services. Those sentences also were suspended and they were ordered to serve time at the local treatment center.
Additionally, the judge ordered the boys each perform 30 hours of community service.
Judge Cubbon said it is her job to hold the boys accountable for their actions, keep the community safe, repair harm as best as possible, and provide rehabilitation.
“I’m not going to give anyone closure in this room,” she said prior to issuing the sentence. “It’s not possible for me to do that. You will never close a chapter on Marquise’s life, and I know that, and everyone in this room knows that too.”
Contact Allison Dunn at [email protected], 419-724-6506, or on Twitter @AllisonDBlade. ||||| Four Toledo teenagers learned their fate today in a Lucas County Courtroom.
Demetrius Wimberly, Sean Carter, William Parker and Pedro Salinas all pleaded guilty to charges following the death of 22-year-old Marquis Byrd of Warren, Michigan in December. Byrd was killed when a sandbag was dropped from an Indiana Avenue overpass onto Interstate 75 in Toledo and crashed through the windshield of a car. Byrd was a passenger in the vehicle.
The judge sentenced Demetrius Wimberly, Sean Carter and William Parker to the Youth Treatment Center. If they don't follow court orders, the judge said she would sentence them to three years in the Department of Youth Services. Pedro Salinas, the teen who admitted to throwing the sandbag that killed Byrd, was also sentenced to the Youth Treatment Center. The judge says if he doesn't follow court orders, he will be sentenced to the Department of Youth Services until he is 21 years old.
Back in February, two of the teens told the court they were walking from the Port Lawrence apartments headed to the store to buy candy. They walked over the bridge that goes over the I-75 expressway and started throwing rocks.
Sean Carter admitted to dropping a sandbag over the edge and it landed on the side of the road. The boys said Pedro Salinas dropped a second sandbag and they heard a loud crash. The kids ran and bought candy from the store. As they were walking back that's when police stopped them.
All four teens initially pleaded not guilty to dropping a sandbag off the Indiana Avenue overpass onto I-75 on December 19.
||||| The four Ohio teens who pleaded guilty to dropping a sandbag off a freeway overpass that killed a 22-year-old man were given a suspended sentence and ordered to a treatment center on Friday.
Marquis Byrd was the passenger in a vehicle that was hit by the sandbag dropped onto Interstate 75 in Toledo last December. Byrd was left in critical condition and died three days later in the hospital.
The four teens, all aged 13 or 14, pleaded guilty to either murder or manslaughter. The boy who dropped the sandbag pleaded guilty to murder while the other three pleaded to involuntary manslaughter, the Toledo Blade reported. The teen who pleaded guilty to murder was sentenced to the Department of Youth Services until he turns 21, while the teens who pleaded guilty to manslaughter were sentenced to three years in the Department of Youth Services.
All four sentences were suspended by the judge in favor of being sent to Toledo's Lucas County Youth Treatment Center.
"It's a treatment facility, for certain services, to provide so these boys change their behavior and can become productive members of our community," Judge Denise Navarre Cubbon said.
WTVG
The decision to suspend the teens' sentences and send them to the treatment facility drew outrage from Lillian Diallo, the Byrd family's lawyer, who called the decision "outrageous."
"Suspended what? If you do what? So eight months you get to go home?" Diallo told Toledo ABC station WTVG outside the courtroom following the sentencing. "This child will never be at home. His son will never see him. His mother will never be able to say, 'Hey son, how are you? How's your day?' Touch his face, see his face. This is outrageous."
There were 30 letters written on behalf of Byrd, asking for a strong punishment for the boys. The four convicted teens apologized in court to the victim's family.
"I pray for him and his family every single day and night and cannot imagine what they are going through and how they feel right now," one of the boys said Friday, reading from a letter.
WTVG
The four teens initially pleaded not guilty to the charges of murder and vehicular vandalism, the Lucas County Prosecutor’s Office said.
"Let me tell you something -- at the age of 10 you know if you take something and put it in a moving lane of traffic, you should know what the consequence will be," Diallo said. "You didn't take the sandbag and throw it on the side. You took that sandbag and you threw it down there to that boy's death."
Diallo, who knew Byrd, told ABC News in January that Byrd, a father to a 2-year-old boy, was planning a surprise proposal for his girlfriend, the mother of his child. |||||
Output: | A family is outraged after four Ohio teens had their prison sentences for murder and manslaughter suspended in favor of time in a treatment center, ABC News reports. According to WTVG, the boys—between the ages of 13 and 14—were walking to a store to buy candy last December in Toledo when they started throwing rocks off a freeway overpass. Then they dropped a sandbag. The sandbag landed on a passing vehicle, injuring 22-year-old father Marquis Byrd. Byrd died in the hospital three days later. The boy who dropped the sandbag pleaded guilty to murder and was sentenced to the Department of Youth Services until he turned 21, the Toledo Blade reports. The other three boys pleaded guilty to involuntary manslaughter and were sentenced to three years each in the state prison. On Friday, those sentences were suspended to time in the Lucas County Youth Treatment Center. The average stay at the center is eight months. Judge Denise Cubbon says she suspended the original sentences "so these boys change their behavior and can become productive members of our community." After the change in sentencing, Marcus Byrd said the family didn't get justice for his brother. "Suspended what? If you do what? So eight months you get to go home?" the Byrd family's lawyer, Lillian Diallo, tells WTVG. All four teens apologized to the Byrd family in court. "I pray for him and his family every single day and night and cannot imagine what they are going through and how they feel right now," one of the boys said at Friday's sentencing. |
Detailed Instructions: In this task, you are given a text of many news articles seperated by special token "|||||". Your task is to summarize them.
Q: Image copyright AFP Image caption The inquiry has heard heroin is "likely" to have played a role in her death.
Peaches Geldof died of a heroin overdose, a coroner has ruled.
The TV presenter had been a heroin addict and took the substitute drug methadone for two-and-a-half years before her death, the inquest heard.
A police search found 6.9g of heroin in her house but there was no indication she had planned to take her own life.
Her husband, musician Tom Cohen, told the hearing in Gravesend the 25-year-old had started using the drug again in February this year.
He had witnessed her flushing drugs she had hidden in their loft down the toilet, but was not aware of any other drugs in the house until they were found by police.
In his evidence, the musician said his wife had taken weekly drugs tests since seeking treatment for her addiction two years ago.
Although she had informed him they were clear, Mr Cohen said he now believed Geldof had been lying about the tests.
Image copyright PA Image caption Peaches Geldof and Tom Cohen married in 2012
Mr Cohen, who married Geldof in 2012, found his wife slumped on the bed at their home in Wrotham in Kent on 7 April after becoming concerned when she failed to answer the phone.
He had been away for the weekend with the elder of their two sons, Astala, leaving Geldof at home with their 11-month old son, Phaedra.
She was pronounced dead at the scene.
After a toxicology report was issued in May, the police launched a criminal inquiry "into the supply of drugs" in connection with her death. No arrests have been made so far.
Media playback is unsupported on your device Media caption As Jannat Jalil reports, Peaches Geldof's husband gave evidence at the inquest
Det Ch Insp Paul Fotheringham, who led the investigation, said "importation quality" heroin with a purity of 61% - "far exceeding" the 26% purity usually found at street level - was found in a black cloth bag inside a cupboard over a bedroom door.
"The black bag also contained 34 medical syringes, some were with needles and some without, some were sealed in original packaging and some contained traces of a brown coloured residue," he said.
"There were also 45 packaged and sealed syringes, alcohol wipes and cotton buds."
'Fatal range'
Police also found a pair of knotted black tights under Geldof's body and two other pairs of tights with knots in them elsewhere in the property, along with a number of burnt spoons.
The syringe containing the fatal dose was discovered in a cardboard box next to the bed, which also contained sweets.
Forensic scientist Emma Harris, who had been involved in examining the body, said: "Tolerance to heroin... appears to be lost fairly rapidly when users cease to use the drug, and deaths commonly occur in people who have previously been tolerant and have returned to using heroin."
Pathologist Peter Jerreat said the levels of heroin in Geldof's body were in a "fatal range"; while evidence of codeine, methadone and morphine were also found in her blood.
He further noted that puncture wounds were found on Geldof's body on her elbows, wrists and thumbs.
Image copyright Reuters Image caption Geldof's funeral took place in April at the same church where her mother's funeral was held in 2000
'History repeating'
Geldof's mother, Paula Yates, died of a heroin overdose at the age of 41 when Peaches was 11 years old.
Coroner Roger Hatch said: "It's said that the death of Peaches Geldof-Cohen is history repeating itself but this is not entirely so.
"By November last year she had ceased to take heroin as a result of the considerable treatment and counselling that she had received.
"This was a significant achievement for her but for reasons we will never know prior to her death she returned to taking heroin."
He said her death would be recorded as "drugs related" and expressed his deep sympathy to the Geldof family.
Mr Cohen left the inquest without comment. ||||| Peaches Geldof died of an overdose of heroin, a coroner has ruled.
The 25-year-old journalist had been receiving treatment for heroin addiction for the past two and half years, and had been taking the substitute drug methadone. She relapsed and began taking the class A drug again two months before she died, the inquest heard.
Giving evidence, Geldof's husband, Thomas Cohen, dressed solemnly in a white shirt and black waistcoat, confirmed that he had found text messages on his wife's phone in February 2014 suggesting she was using heroin.
Geldof had confessed and retrieved drugs hidden in the loft, he said. Cohen confirmed he had then witnessed her flush the drugs down the toilet. He had gone back to check the loft for drugs on later occasions, but had found nothing more.
The inquest, held in Gravesend, Kent, was told that there was codeine, methadone and morphine in Geldof's blood, the latter coming from heroin, and that the levels were within the fatal range.
On the bed next to where she was found dead on 7 April was "a small clear coloured cap thought to have come from a syringe" and a pair of knotted black tights. Under the bed was "a dessert spoon … with visible burn marks on the underside and a small amount of a brown residue".
Large quantities of "importation quality heroin" were also found, including a bag in the couple's bedroom containing 6.91 grammes of diamorphine – worth around £500 – 34 medical syringes and 47.5 grammes of citric acid, a substance used in the preparation of heroin. Two more pairs of knotted tights, thought to have been used as a tourniquet, were also in the bag.
The coroner noted that the drugs were 61% pure, considerably higher than the usual 25% of street-grade heroin, making it more dangerous, particularly for someone whose tolerance was low.
Thomas Cohen, Peaches Geldof's husband, leaves the inquest. Photograph: Carl Court/AFP/Getty Images
Roger Hatch, the coroner, concluded that the cause of the 25-year-old's death was opiate intoxication.
The singer's husband described how he had left their home on Friday morning with the couple's two sons, Astala, two, and one-year-old Phaedra. They went to London for music rehearsals and stayed with his parents in south-east London.
Cohen said he had been in constant communication with his wife over the weekend and when he last spoke to her at 5.40pm on the Sunday he had found her coherent and had no concerns for her wellbeing.
She had spent Friday evening with friends in London, going to the cinema, before returning to Kent and then watching the TV series True Detective on Saturday night alone at home.
Cohen's father Keith visited the home on Sunday evening, before her death, to drop off Astala. DCI Paul Fotheringham of Kent police, who led the investigation, told the inquest that her father-in-law had found Geldof "in good spirits. She told him that she had booked a trip for the children to a theme park and that she had been writing an article."
Cohen said he was unable to contact her the next morning and had driven back to their home in Wrotham, Kent, with his mother and youngest son, arriving at about 1.30pm.
After going upstairs, Cohen found his wife slumped forward on the bed in the spare bedroom, with one leg hanging off the side of the bed and a laptop beside her, and it was "obvious she was deceased".
He said: "I found her in the spare bedroom. We both used it when the kids were sleeping."
Cohen told the inquest how Geldof had been battling her drug addiction through treatment for two and a half years, but confirmed she had recently been finding it difficult to come off the prescription methadone.
She had been having weekly drugs tests, which she had told her husband were negative, the inquest was told.
Asked by Hatch if he thought she might have been lying about the results, Cohen replied: "Yes."
He was then asked whether Geldof had been a heroin addict, to which he also answered: "Yes."
Describing the scene of Geldof's death, Fotheringham said: "The presence of the tied tights as a possible tourniquet, burnt spoon, cotton bud end and used syringe in close proximity to Peaches' body suggests that heroin has been partly prepared and consumed at some time in the room Peaches was found.
"The pathologist states cause of death to be opiate intoxication. When considering all of the above information, I, as the senior investigating officer, conclude that Peaches Geldof-Cohen died of a heroin overdose."
A postmortem examination carried out at Darenth Valley hospital found a puncture mark on the front of her right elbow and another at the front of her right thigh.
Old puncture marks were also found on her left thigh, the inquest was told.
The coroner concluded that Geldof's death had been drug-related. Summing up, he said: "There is no indication that Peaches intended to take her own life or harm herself in any way … Someone who stops or ceases to use heroin then resumes is less able to tolerate the levels they previously had."
He said that the large amount of drugs paraphernalia found in her home made it clear that she was taking heroin, but that her tolerance levels had declined.
"It has been said this is a case of history repeating itself. But this is not entirely so," he said, referring to the death of Geldof's mother Paula Yates, who also died of a heroin overdose.
"By November last year she had ceased to take heroin as a result of the considerable treatment and counselling that she had received.
"This was a significant achievement for her but, for reasons we will never know, prior to her death she returned to taking heroin, with the fatal consequences that we have heard here today.
"I therefore find that the death of Peaches Geldof was drug-related and I express my sympathy to her family." |||||
A: | A coroner has ruled that Peaches Geldof did, indeed, die of a heroin overdose, and her husband, Thomas Cohen, admitted at the inquest looking into her April death that she was using again shortly before her death, the Guardian reports. The 25-year-old mother of two had been taking methadone for more than two years to curb her addiction, but relapsed in February despite treatment and counseling, the BBC reports. At that time, Cohen found suspicious text messages on Geldof's phone and confronted her; she retrieved drugs she'd hidden in their home and flushed them down the toilet. He told the inquest he checked for drugs after that point and never found more, but added that he believes Geldof may have been lying when she told him her weekly drug tests were negative. He also answered "Yes" when asked if she was a heroin addict. Heroin wasn’t the only drug in Geldof’s system—a pathologist also noted evidence of codeine, methadone, and morphine in her blood. Syringes, knotted tights, and burnt spoons were also found in the house. And the heroin—present in a “fatal range” in Geldof’s body—was particularly dangerous for someone who’d been off the drug long enough for her tolerance to lower, a forensic scientist testified. Found in a black cloth bag in a bedroom cupboard, the drug was 61% pure—much higher than the 25% pure grade found on the street. |
Q: In this task, you are given a text of many news articles seperated by special token "|||||". Your task is to summarize them.
Brazil's senators voted overwhelmingly on Thursday, May 12, to put President Dilma Rousseff on trial, an impeachment push driven by mounting frustration in the country. (Dom Phillips,Nick Miroff,Jason Aldag/The Washington Post)
Brazil's senators voted overwhelmingly on Thursday, May 12, to put President Dilma Rousseff on trial, an impeachment push driven by mounting frustration in the country. (Dom Phillips,Nick Miroff,Jason Aldag/The Washington Post)
Brazil’s once-lauded model of leftist government appeared to come to an abrupt end Thursday, when lawmakers suspended President Dilma Rousseff in an extraordinary repudiation of her administration and the Workers’ Party that has ruled the country for 13 years.
Vice President Michel Temer quickly assumed control of Latin America’s largest country, signaling that he will take Brazil in a more free-market-friendly direction in an attempt to shore up its sagging economy and win over a skeptical public. A member of the centrist PMDB party, Temer introduced a conservative-leaning, all-male cabinet Thursday that swings Brazil toward the right.
He called on Brazilians to trust in the country’s values and in the recovery of its economy, which is suffering its worst crisis in 80 years. “It is urgent to pacify our nation and unify Brazil,” he said.
Rousseff’s removal sent shock waves throughout Latin America, where Brazil was once viewed as an emerging economic power and the model for a new form of leftist rule, matching support for big business with muscular social-welfare programs to alleviate poverty and nurture a new middle class. That project has come crashing down, and Rousseff paid the price Thursday. She faces impeachment proceedings that could last six months. An overwhelming vote against her in Brazil’s Senate indicated that she had little chance of being acquitted.
Rousseff, 68, is accused of improperly using billions of dollars in loans from government banks to fill budget shortfalls and pay for social programs. But the impeachment vote became a broader referendum on her leadership amid a painful recession and corruption scandals that have swept up much of the country’s political elite.
Supporters of suspended President Dilma Rousseff hold up messages outside her office in Brasilia on May 12, 2016, denouncing the Senate vote against her as a “coup.” (Evaristo Sa/AFP/Getty Images)
The country’s first female president vowed to fight the charges against her — raising the possibility of further political instability as Brazil stumbles toward the Aug. 5 opening ceremony of the Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro.
Rousseff’s supporters called for strikes and demonstrations blocking roadways, but the sympathizers who gathered at the presidential palace Thursday appeared to number only in the hundreds.
[The charges against Dilma Rousseff, explained]
A former leftist militant who was jailed and beaten as a young woman during Brazil’s military dictatorship, Rousseff called her suspension “an injustice more painful” than torture, blasting the impeachment vote as “fraudulent” and a “coup.”
Her defiant remarks came after a 20-hour debate that ended with 55 of Brazil’s 81 senators voting to put her on trial, far more than the simple majority needed.
Her accusers say Rousseff systematically obscured the precarious state of the country’s finances from lawmakers and the public to boost her reelection prospects in 2014 and conceal her mismanagement. The impeachment allegations cover only her present term, however.
Just hours after the vote, she insisted again that her predecessors had used the same bookkeeping tactics. “It was not a crime in their time. It’s not a crime in mine,” she said in a brief televised speech.
1 of 28 Full Screen Autoplay Close Skip Ad × Brazil sets impeachment vote on President Dilma Rousseff View Photos Brazilian lawmakers weigh whether to oust the president as supporters and opponents take to the streets in protest. Caption Brazilians lawmakers weigh whether to oust the president as supporters and opponents took to the streets in protest. April 17, 2016 In Brasilia, deputies fight during a session to discuss the admissibility of the impeachment request of President Dilma Rousseff. Evaristo Sa/AFP/Getty Images Buy Photo Wait 1 second to continue.
But her accusers say her accounting methods involved far greater sums.
[Brazil goes from female president to leader with millennial wife]
Temer takes office with a weak government and mandate; recent polls showed that only 2 percent of Brazilians wanted him to be president.
All of the 21 ministers Temer announced Thursday are men, a fact that will fan accusations of gender bias in the push to oust Rousseff, especially from backers of the Workers’ Party, which championed greater diversity in government.
In his first comments after the impeachment vote, Temer said he would focus on reviving the economy and would maintain popular social programs. His new finance minister is a respected former banker, Henrique Meirelles, who was central bank chief under Rousseff’s predecessor Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva.
Temer also sought to give assurances that the Olympic Games will go off well, saying that billions of people would be watching and that Brazil could show itself at its best. “We will never get another opportunity like this,” he said.
According to Marcos Troyjo, a former Brazilian diplomat who is a professor of international affairs at Columbia University in New York, Temer’s arrival is likely to bring a shift in trade policy that will make Brazil more attractive for U.S. investors. Temer named Sen. José Serra, who ran against Rousseff in the 2010 presidential election and voted Thursday to remove her, as foreign minister.
“Serra will bring Brazil closer to the West, not only in ideological terms, but practical terms, in terms of market access,” Troyjo said. Rousseff had cordial, although not close, relations with the Obama administration.
[Why the world needs Brazil to bounce back]
Rousseff’s departure was part of a broader political shift in Latin America, Troyjo said, away from the center-left populist model that dominated the region for most of the past decade.
“It puts Brazil in line with a trend being felt around Latin America,” he said.
Temer assumes the presidency on an interim basis, but he would serve out the rest of Rousseff’s term if she were found guilty. In Brazil’s multiparty system, it is not uncommon for a presidential candidate to run with a vice-presidential candidate from a different party.
[How Brazil’s Workers’ Party lost the workers]
A career politician, Temer’s reputation is that of a skilled negotiator and smooth behind-the-scenes operator. But he is hardly colorless.
Temer, 75, is a legal scholar and sometime poet who is famous for dapper suits, slicked-back silver hair and young wife Marcela, who will turn 33 on Monday.
Temer is the author of a book of sensual verses inspired by his spouse, a former beauty pageant contestant who became his third wife in 2003.
Temer is one of the many Brazilian politicians who have been implicated in the “Car Wash” bribery scandal at state oil company Petrobras, but he has not been charged. On Thursday, he said would protect the long-running judicial investigation from any possible attempts to weaken it. Rousseff is not under suspicion of graft in relation to that scandal.
Those who know Temer, the son of Lebanese Christian immigrants, say he has the political skills to quickly win over a skeptical public.
“I have never seen someone as prepared for this emotionally as Michel Temer,” said Jacob Goldberg, one of Brazil’s most celebrated psychoanalysts. Goldberg said he has had a close relationship with Temer for decades, calling him “a cordial man, a man of dialogue” and “not a man of confrontation.”
He declined to confirm whether Temer had been his patient, citing confidentiality.
The early-morning vote on Rousseff was the equivalent of impeachment in most democracies. But legal experts say that, in the Brazilian context, a politician is considered “impeached” only if found guilty.
Rousseff’s removal is a once-unthinkable revolt against her Workers’ Party, co-founded by her mentor Lula, who left office in 2010 with an 87 percent approval rating and an economy growing at an annual rate of 7.5 percent. Lula was among the aides who embraced Rousseff in an emotional scene Thursday morning as she left her office for perhaps the last time.
Lula, too, is under investigation on allegations of corruption and obstruction of justice but says he is innocent.
Brian Murphy in Washington contributed to this report.
Read more:
Ghosts of Brazil’s past haunt presidential impeachment crisis
How Brazil, the darling of the developing world, came undone
How Brazil’s ruling Workers’ Party lost the workers
Today’s coverage from Post correspondents around the world ||||| Brazilians and many others are transfixed over the impeachment proceedings against Dilma Rousseff, Brazil’s first female president. But while impeachment is not uncommon, not all nations agree on what it means.
Lawmakers in at least a half-dozen countries, from Iran to the United States, have subjected their leaders to impeachment in recent decades. And not every case turned out badly for the politician who was targeted.
In the United States, two presidents have been impeached — Andrew Johnson in 1868 and Bill Clinton in 1998 — but neither had to step aside during his trial. Both were acquitted.
But in Brazil, Ms. Rousseff has not yet been impeached, legal scholars say.
“In Brazil, the term impeachment is used only after a conviction is made in the trial,” said Daniel Vargas, a law professor at Fundação Getulio Vargas in Rio de Janeiro. |||||
A: | Will she resign? That's about the only suspense left in Brazil on Thursday after the Senate voted to proceed with an impeachment trial against President Dilma Rousseff. The move means that Rousseff will be suspended from office while a trial that could last six months gets under way, reports the AP. But given the lopsided vote to proceed with the trial, 55-22, Rousseff stands little chance of prevailing in the end, reports the New York Times. She's accused of improperly borrowing from state banks—not to enrich herself personally, but to cover up budget shortfalls to improve her re-election prospects in about two years. “Given the polarization in Brazil, if she sticks to her guns and fights this all the way to the end, it’s going to prolong the agony for the country,” says a professor of international management at the University of Pennsylvania. "The best thing she could do for her country is to bite the bullet and step aside." Rousseff will be replaced as president in the interim by Vice President Michel Temer. Stories and headlines suggest that Rousseff already has been "impeached" because of Thursday's vote, but there's disagreement about that in legal circles, notes the Times. “In Brazil, the term impeachment is used only after a conviction is made in the trial,” says a law professor in Rio de Janeiro. |
You will be given a definition of a task first, then an example. Follow the example to solve a new instance of the task.
In this task, we ask you to elaborate the sentence without changing its general meaning. You can do so by explaining further the input sentence, using more precise wording, adding qualifiers and auxiliary information etc.
The Inheritance Cycle is a series of fantasy books written by Christopher Paolini.
Solution: The Inheritance Cycle is a tetralogy of young adult high fantasy novels written by American author Christopher Paolini.
Why? The output sentence elaborates on the input sentence without changing its general meaning e.g. "tetralogy of young adult high fantasy novels".
New input: Now mainly inhabited by Mexican immigrants , Little Village was originally settled by Eastern European and Czech and Bohemian immigrants in the late 19th century , after the Great Chicago Fire .
Solution: | Now mainly inhabited by Mexican-Americans , Little Village was originally settled by Eastern European and Czech and Bohemian immigrants in the late 19th century , after the Great Chicago Fire sent the population of Chicago rippling out from the city 's center to the outlying countryside . |
President Vladimir Putin vowed Monday to track down the killers of Anna Politkovskaya, while her colleagues at Novaya Gazeta pledged to continue her work despite dangers.
Can we draw the following conclusion?
The Russian president is invested in this case. | Yes |
You will be given a passage, and your task is to generate a Yes/No question that is answerable based on the given passage.
Example input: Powdered sugar, also called confectioners' sugar, icing sugar, and icing cake, is a finely ground sugar produced by milling granulated sugar into a powdered state. It usually contains a small amount of anti-caking agent to prevent clumping and improve flow. Although most often produced in a factory, powdered sugar can also be made by processing ordinary granulated sugar in a coffee grinder, or by crushing it by hand in a mortar and pestle.
Example output: is confectionary sugar the same as powdered sugar?
Example explanation: The question is a yes/no question, and it is answerable based on the given passage.
Q: In Topeka, I-70 intersects a child route, I-470, twice. The second time it is intersected, the Kansas Turnpike merges, making I-70 into a toll road. This is one of only two sections of I-70 that are tolled (the other is along the Pennsylvania Turnpike), with the maximum toll distance costing $17.50 as of 2016. I-70 carries this designation from Topeka to Bonner Springs. It is the eastern terminus of the turnpike, and from there to 18th Street and extending on to the Kansas eastern border, the highway is free.
A: | is i 70 in kansas a toll road? |
In this task, you are given a text of many news articles seperated by special token "|||||". Your task is to summarize them.
Q: Steven Assanti says his eating addiction lead him to the trunk of his father's SUV with no place to go.
A man from Cranston who weighs 778 pounds is desperate for help after he said Rhode Island Hospital kicked him out.
The man's father said he has nowhere to take his son.
Steven Assanti, 33, said his eating addiction lead him to the trunk of his father's SUV with no place to go.
"It's an addiction, and I realize that," said Assanti.{} "And it's a disease."
For the past 80 days, Assanti said, he was getting the help he needed at Rhode Island Hospital. There, he lost 20 pounds.
But after Assanti violated his care plan by ordering pizza, he said the hospital told him he could no longer stay.
"I was supposed to stay there and lose all my weight and get down to 550 to get the gastric bypass," said Assanti. "That was their plan."
A spokesperson for Rhode Island Hospital told NBC 10 News they can't speak about Assanti's case, or the treatment of any other patients.
His father, Steven Veillette, said taking his son home will be a death sentence.
"If he comes home and I do get him up the stairs somehow, someway he's going to go right back to his eating habits," Veillette said.
So, the two men say they'll continue to drive until they find a place that will help.
"I just don't know who to turn to," Veillette said. "I called everybody - everybody you can think of in the state of Rhode Island and nobody seems to be (able to) help me."
As of 6 p.m., Veillette said Assanti was in the waiting room at Kent Hospital's emergency area. About an hour later, Veillette called NBC 10, noting that his son will be able to stay at Kent for the night.
His social worker is looking into another permanent location.{} ||||| By Ana Bottary
[email protected]
Ever since he can remember, 33-year-old Steven Assanti has struggled with his weight. Through the years, it's spiraled out of control. He now weighs 800 pounds.
"I have an addiction to food. I just love to eat. I progressively became worse and it became like an addiction and I realize it is an addiction and a disease," says Assanti.
Seeking help, he says he was enrolled in a weight loss program through Rhode Island Hospital for the past 80 days. He tells ABC6 he lost over 20 pounds. To reward himself for that small victory, he decided to have a "cheat meal," ordering a pizza from his favorite spot, Tommy's, in Cranston.
"I mean come on, almost everyone that diets has like a reward kind of thing," says Assanti.
That may be true, but when you're 800 pounds and in a weight loss program there are strict rules to follow, and ordering pizza is a violation of the plan. On Tuesday, he says he was asked to leave the hospital.
"Now they were suppose to keep me there until I got to 550 to get the gastric by pass and all of a sudden, they just let me go like that. It's shocking," he says.
On Wednesday night we spoke with Assanti on Skype from Kent County Hospital, where he is currently staying, though it's not long term. Assanti's father, Steven Veillette, tells us the only way he's able to get his son around is with the help of several people lifting him into the back of his SUV. He says getting into their home in Cranston is an all-day task.
"I know one of these days, if he doesn't get help...I don't like to say it but I know something bad is going to happen," says Veillette.
"I do want to lose weight, and it's a wake-up call now and i just need some help," adds Assanti.
Lifespan can't comment on Assanti's situation because of HIPAA regulations, but a spokeswoman says Rhode Island Hospital does not offer an inpatient weight loss program.
© WLNE-TV 2015 |||||
A: | A Rhode Island man's weight is a death sentence, and his father says he's now nearing that fate after the hospital that was treating the 33-year-old kicked him out. Steven Assanti says he spent nearly 3 months at Rhode Island Hospital, during which time he lost 20 pounds. He weights 778 pounds, and the intention was to "stay there and lose all my weight and get down to 550 to get the gastric bypass," Assanti tells WJAR. But the Cranston man, who says he suffers from an eating addiction, reports being given the boot by the hospital after ordering pizza in violation of the strict plan he was to be following. ABC6 reports Assanti decided to order the pizza as a "cheat meal" to "reward himself for that small [weight loss] victory." "If he comes home and I do get him up the stairs somehow, someway he's going to go right back to his eating habits," says his dad. As of Wednesday night, Assanti was staying at Kent County Hospital in a short-term arrangement; his social worker is trying to secure a permanent location. The only way to transport Assanti, per his father, is to have several people place him in the rear of an SUV. Rhode Island hospital had no comment due to patient confidentiality regulations. (Click to read why it was easier to be thin in the 1980s and '90s.) |
Q: In this task, you are given a text of many news articles seperated by special token "|||||". Your task is to summarize them.
Artificial lighting could be making us frail, withering muscles and making bones more fragile, according to a new study.
Researchers kept mice under a constant light for six months – a torture technique used by the security services around the world.
When the mice were examined, they were found to be suffering from muscle loss and the early signs of osteoporosis, while their immune system appeared as if it was reacting to an infection.
The bottom line, the academics said, was that the natural cycle of day followed by night matters to animals.
Professor Johanna Meijer, of Leiden University Medical Centre in The Netherlands, who led the research, said: “We used to think of light and darkness as harmless or neutral stimuli with respect to health.
“We now realize this is not the case based on accumulating studies from laboratories all over the world, all pointing in the same direction.
“Our study … showed that the absence of environmental rhythms leads to severe disruption of a wide variety of health parameters.”
However a paper about the study, published in the journal Current Biology, reported that the mice recovered after they were switched to natural light.
“The good news is that we subsequently showed that these negative effects on health are reversible when the environmental light-dark cycle is restored,” Professor Meijer said.
The researchers said that light exposure should be taken into consideration, particularly for elderly and vulnerable people.
About 75 per cent of the world’s population is exposed to light during the night and constant light exposure is common in intensive care units. The problem could also affect night-workers.
“Possibly this is not surprising as life evolved under the constant pressure of the light-dark cycle,” Professor Meijer said.
“We seem to be optimized to live under these cycles, and the other side of the coin is that we are now affected by a lack of such cycles.” ||||| Along with eating right and exercising, people should consider adding another healthy habit to their list: turning out the lights. That's according to a new study reported in the Cell Press journal Current Biology on July 14 showing many negative health consequences for mice kept under conditions of constant light for a period of months.
"Our study shows that the environmental light-dark cycle is important for health," says Johanna Meijer of Leiden University Medical Center in the Netherlands. "We showed that the absence of environmental rhythms leads to severe disruption of a wide variety of health parameters."
Those parameters included pro-inflammatory activation of the immune system, muscle loss, and early signs of osteoporosis. The researchers say that the observed physiological changes were all indicative of "frailty" as is typically seen in people or animals as they age. But there was some more encouraging news, too.
"The good news is that we subsequently showed that these negative effects on health are reversible when the environmental light-dark cycle is restored," Meijer says.
To investigate the relationship between a loss of the light-dark cycle and disease, Meijer and colleagues, including Eliane Lucassen, exposed mice to light around the clock for 24 weeks and measured several major health parameters. Studies of the animals' brain activity showed that the constant light exposure reduced the normal rhythmic patterns in the brain's central circadian pacemaker of the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) by 70 percent.
Strikingly, the disruption to normal light and dark patterns and the circadian rhythm led to a reduction in the animals' skeletal muscle function as measured in standard tests of strength. Their bones showed signs of deterioration, and the animals entered a pro-inflammatory state normally observed only in the presence of pathogens or other harmful stimuli. After the mice were returned to a standard light-dark cycle for 2 weeks, the SCN neurons rapidly recovered their normal rhythm, and the animals' health problems were reversed.
The findings suggest that more care should be taken in considering the amount of light exposure people get, particularly those who are aging or otherwise vulnerable. That's important given that 75 percent of the world's population is exposed to light during the night. Constant light exposure is very common in nursing homes and intensive care units, and many people also work into the night.
"We used to think of light and darkness as harmless or neutral stimuli with respect to health," Meijer says. "We now realize this is not the case based on accumulating studies from laboratories all over the world, all pointing in the same direction. Possibly this is not surprising as life evolved under the constant pressure of the light-dark cycle. We seem to be optimized to live under these cycles, and the other side of the coin is that we are now affected by a lack of such cycles."
The bottom line, according to the researchers is "light exposure matters."
They say they now plan to perform more in-depth analysis of the influence of distorted light-dark cycles on the immune system. They'd also like to investigate possible health benefits to patients exposed to more normal conditions of light and dark.
###
This research was funded by the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research grant TOPGO. L.10.035 and by the Dutch Diabetes Research Foundation grant 2013.81.1663.
Current Biology, Lucassen et al.: "Environmental 24-hr Cycles Are Essential for Health" http://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(16)30497-3 ||||| OJO Images Ltd/Alamy Stock Photo
Eliane Lucassen works the night shift at Leiden University Medical Center in the Netherlands, beginning her day at 6 p.m. Yet her own research has shown that this schedule might cause her health problems. “It’s funny,” the medical resident says. “Here I am, spreading around that it’s actually unhealthy. But it needs to be done.”
Lucassen and Johanna Meijer, a neuroscientist at Leiden, report today in Current Biology1 that a constant barrage of bright light prematurely ages mice, playing havoc with their circadian clocks and causing a cascade of health problems.
Mice exposed to constant light experienced bone-density loss, skeletal-muscle weakness and inflammation; restoring their health was as simple as turning the lights off. The findings are preliminary, but they suggest that people living in cities flooded with artificial light may face similar health risks.
“We came to know that smoking was bad, or that sugar is bad, but light was never an issue,” says Meijer. “Light and darkness matter.”
Disrupted patterns
Many previous studies have hinted at a connection between artificial light exposure and health problems in animals and people2. Epidemiological analyses have found that shift workers have an increased risk of breast cancer3, metabolic syndrome4 and osteoporosis5, 6. People exposed to bright light at night are more likely to have cardiovascular disease and often don’t get enough sleep.
Yet drawing a direct link between light exposure and poor health has been difficult. Meijer’s group explored this relationship in mice by implanting electrodes in the part of the animals’ brains that controls their body clocks, to measure the activity of neurons there. The scientists then housed the mice in brightly lit cages for 24 weeks.
The animals had bedding to make nests, could move freely and were able to close their eyes when they slept. But sleeping mice couldn't avoid the light entirely, and still got about one-seventh of the light exposure that they did while awake. Overall, the animals were exposed to more light than they would get in a typical light–dark cycle.
In response, the mice’s neuronal activity patterns shifted, leaving cells in the brain’s pacemaker region pulsing irregularly. This loss of synchronization mirrors what happens in ageing brains.
The mice also adopted a 25.5-hour day, lost bone density and had weaker muscles, as measured by how strongly they could grip with their forelimbs. After the researchers restored darkness, the mice's neurons returned to their normal rhythms and the animals reverted to a 24-hour day.
Bright lights, big impact
The analysis takes an innovative approach to studying circadian biology in mice, says Richard Stevens, an epidemiologist at the University of Connecticut School of Medicine in Farmington who studies the effect of light on cancer. But he says that the findings may not apply to people. The bright lights foisted on the mice were more dramatic than the light–dark cycles that people would experience in real life, even in extreme situations.
“The next experiment ought to be something like 12 hours of light, 6 hours of dim light and 6 hours of dark. That would be the kind of exposure that humans would have,” Stevens says.
And disruption of the biological clock alone might not cause the health effects reported in the study, says Steven Lockley, a neuroscientist at Harvard Medical School in Boston, Massachusetts. Poor sleep and light itself can each affect health, so an altered circadian clock may not be to blame.
But Meijer says the study should be a warning to people who work in intensive-care facilities or long-term care facilities, and to shift workers — such as her former student, Lucassen.
An atlas of artificial light pollution released in June showed that two-thirds of the world’s population is exposed to light at night7. Also last month, the American Medical Association’s Council on Science and Public Health called for a reduction in bright artificial light, citing evidence that it may increase a person’s risk of developing cancer, diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
Meijer now plans to examine how light affects the immune system, and she wants to repeat her neuron-monitoring study with grass rats, which are active during the day (unlike standard lab mice). She remains fascinated by the circadian system.
“There is no other region of the brain we know so much about,” Meijer says. “It has been a beautiful model for neuroscience research. But only in the last five to seven years have we realized it is also essential for health.” |||||
A: | Roughly one-third of the globe can no longer see the Milky Way thanks to artificial light at night. The impact of light pollution has long been obvious, but scientists are now exploring the role of constant exposure to light on health, and a study in the journal Current Biology adds both good and bad news. Researchers in Holland say the absence of natural light-and-dark rhythms can lead "to severe disruption of a wide variety of health parameters"—including a loss of bone density. The conditions were extreme: They were studying mice subjected to constant artificial light for six months, which is a torture technique, notes the Independent. The good news, as delivered by researcher Johanna Meijer at Eureka Alert: "These negative effects on health are reversible when the ... light-dark cycle is restored." To study the impact of so much light, the team implanted electrodes in the parts of the brain that control circadian rhythms and observed neuron activity in the mice. Though they could make nests and move freely, they were unable to totally avoid the light while they slept, reports Nature. Certain cells began to pulse irregularly, they adopted a 25.5-hour day, and they lost both bone density and muscle strength, becoming more frail. After researchers gave them dark periods again, though, all systems normalized. How much of this can be applied to humans remains unclear, but Meijer says it should serve as a warning to people such as shift workers who have irregular hours. (Light at night even inhibits cancer drugs.) |
You will be given a definition of a task first, then some input of the task.
In this task, you are given a text of many news articles seperated by special token "|||||". Your task is to summarize them.
With cases of diabetes growing each year, many adults are getting caught in a potentially dangerous situation: they are diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes when they actually have Type 1 diabetes, a substantially different condition.
Enlarge Image Close Bryan Derballa for The Wall Street Journal Alissa Kaplan Michaels, who has Type 1 diabetes, struggled for 3½ years before her disease was diagnosed correctly.
Both types of diabetes make it difficult for patients to control blood-sugar levels, which can lead to complications that include blindness, kidney failure and death. But Type 1 and Type 2 require different forms of treatment.
Alissa Kaplan Michaels, who has Type 1 diabetes, lived for 3½ years with the wrong diagnosis. The New York public-relations consultant says she complained to her doctor in 2008 of blurry vision and was told she had Type 2 diabetes after a blood test showed high sugar levels. She changed her diet and exercised more, but her blood-sugar levels kept rising. She started taking several oral diabetes medications. She stopped eating bread and pasta. She changed doctors—three times. And she still felt terrible.
Don't Confuse These Despite the similar sounding names, Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes are substantially different conditions. Type 1 is an autoimmune disorder that attacks the body's ability to make insulin. In Type 2, brought on by inactivity and obesity, the body can't make efficient use of insulin to control blood sugar. Type 1 Diabetes The condition begins mainly in childhood and adolescence, but increasingly in adults.
People with Type 1 are often thin or normal weight.
Patients are prone to ketoacidosis, a dangerous buildup of acids in the blood.
Regular insulin injections are required treatment. Source: National Institutes of Health Type 2 Diabetes Onset is primarily in people over 40 years old, but increasingly in younger patients.
People with Type 2 are often obese.
There is no ketoacidosis.
Treatment involves healthy diet and exercise, diabetes medications, and sometimes insulin injections.
Last fall, a covering doctor at her endocrinologist's practice started asking about her health history, childhood weight patterns, her recent struggles with her blood sugar and family history of Type 2 diabetes, of which there was none. That day, Ms. Kaplan Michaels got a new diagnosis. She didn't have Type 2 diabetes, she had Type 1.
Ms. Kaplan Michaels, 44 years old, immediately dropped the oral medications that had upset her stomach. Instead, she increased her daily insulin injections. She also resumed eating carbohydrates. Within weeks, her energy was back. "At first I was relieved and then I was very angry," she says. "Nobody should have to go to four doctors to get a diagnosis for something that isn't that difficult to diagnose."
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disorder that attacks the body's ability to make insulin, which allows the body to properly process glucose. The disorder, once called juvenile diabetes, begins mainly in children and adolescents, but is increasingly occurring in adults. Type 1 diabetics need daily insulin injections to survive. If patients manage their blood-sugar levels well, they can live for decades without encountering the dangerous complications associated with the disease.
Type 2 diabetes, by contrast, is brought on by inactivity and obesity, mainly in adults, and is characterized by the body's inability to make efficient use of insulin. Type 2 diabetes, which is beginning to occur in teenagers, can be kept at bay in some cases with lifestyle changes and is widely treated with oral medications to improve insulin absorption. Type 2 diabetics also can require insulin injections.
"Most of my [adult Type 1 patients] have been misdiagnosed as having Type 2," says Robin Goland, co-director of the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center at Columbia University Medical Center in New York. "Once the right diagnosis is made the patient feels much, much better, but they are distrustful of doctors and who could blame them?"
Enlarge Image Close Bryan Derballa for The Wall Street Journal Ms. Kaplan Michaels, pictured with her son, Leo, was able to resume an active life after her Type 1 diabetes was correctly diagnosed and she began proper treatment.
Estimates of the number of people with Type 1 diabetes in the U.S. range from 1.3 million to 2.6 million people, accounting for 5% to 10% of the total diabetic population. Incidence of Type 1 has been rising in the U.S. and in parts of Europe by about 2.5% to 4% a year for reasons scientists can't explain, according to several large-scale studies published in peer-reviewed medical journals. Scientists say Type 1 diabetes is caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors but they don't know what the trigger is.
An incorrect diagnosis usually occurs in the offices of primary-care doctors, many of whom haven't received adequate education in medical school about rising rates of Type 1 in adults and how to diagnose it. "It is not on their radar because they see so much diabetes and it is by far mostly Type 2," said Irl B. Hirsch, professor of medicine at the University of Washington Medical Center in Seattle.
After elevated blood sugars are detected, diagnosing which diabetes a person has usually is done by looking at the patient, assessing family history, weight and age, doctors say. "It's not a good way to make a diagnosis. You'd like to measure something that represents the disease process," says Jerry Palmer, director of endocrinology at VA Puget Sound Health Care System. To properly diagnose Type 1, doctors need to test for antibodies that indicate the presence of the autoimmune disorder. But few order such tests.
Cherie Serota, 48, was told by her primary-care doctor in early 2009 that she was on the brink of having Type 2 diabetes. Weighing just 120 pounds, Ms. Serota, of Brookville, N.Y., didn't fit the profile of a typical Type 2 patient. She revved up her exercise regime and watched her diet. One night after Chinese takeout sent her blood-sugar levels high, she called her doctor who told her this was normal and not to eat Chinese food anymore. Eventually she stopped eating carbohydrates. "That really did me in," says the mother of three. "I had no energy."
Six months later, feeling drained and now down to 113 pounds, the former fashion executive sought out an endocrinologist at New York University who told her she had Type 1. When she told her primary-care doctor, he was so surprised she made him call the specialist, she says.
"I understand why I was misdiagnosed; it is a very small amount of people who are diagnosed as an adult," Ms. Serota says.
In some adults with Type 1, the loss of insulin-producing cells, located in the pancreas, is much slower than for children, making the onset of the disease more gradual. Some researchers consider the slow onset a distinct form of Type 1 called latent autoimmune diabetes in adults, or Lada. Because the disease progresses more slowly, it can be more easily confused with Type 2, researchers say.
Benjamin Jones, a 63-year-old retired probation officer, likely had the slow-onset form of the disease. For six years, Mr. Jones treated what had been diagnosed as Type 2 diabetes. He changed his diet and took three oral medications daily. An avid exerciser, Mr. Jones says for several years he was able to keep his blood-sugar levels in check in part by Rollerblading, swimming, playing tennis and basketball, and cycling. Still, rarely did his blood-sugar level dip below 120, which is high for a non-diabetic person.
After a bad reaction to a flu shot earlier this year, Mr. Jones says his sugar levels surged to 500. He says he asked to be put on insulin, but his primary-care doctor refused, fearing that Mr. Jones could risk hypoglycemia, a condition in which blood sugars go too low. That was when Mr. Jones sought out a specialist at the Joslin Diabetes Center in Boston. He was immediately put on insulin, given an antibody test and told he had Type 1.
"When your sugar is high you don't feel right. You feel on edge," Mr. Jones says. "I feel like a new person, like I should feel."
Write to Kate Linebaugh at [email protected] ||||| A tuberculosis vaccine in use for 90 years may help reverse Type 1 diabetes and eliminate the life- long need for insulin injections, say Harvard University researchers raising money to conduct large, human studies.
Patients with Type 1 diabetes must inject insulin daily to control their blood sugar because their bodies don’t produce the hormone, the result of an errant immune system that destroys insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. The vaccine, called bacillus Calmette-Guérin, or BCG, stimulated production of a protein that killed the insulin-attacking cells, according to the findings of an early-stage study published yesterday in the journal PLOS One.
Insulin injections help control Type 1 diabetes for the 3 million Americans with the disease, though there is no cure for the condition usually diagnosed in childhood. Results of the trial showed that two of the three patients given BCG had signs of renewed insulin production. The researchers now plan a larger study that could yield results in three to five years.
“We think this can be taken all the way to the market and that is what we are trying to do.” said Denise Faustman, director of Harvard-affiliated Massachusetts General Hospital’s immunobiology laboratory, who led the study.
The vaccine, a weakened form of the tuberculosis bacteria, stimulates production of TNF, a cell-signaling protein that plays a role in cell death. With more TNF, the body can attack those harmful immune cells while leaving the rest of the body’s defenses intact. The vaccine is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for tuberculosis though it isn’t generally recommended for use in the U.S. The vaccine also is approved to fight bladder cancer.
Study Results
In the study, researchers administered two doses of the BCG vaccine to three patients who had been diagnosed with Type 1 diabetes. The patients were followed for 20 weeks and two of the three were found to have an increase in the death of the insulin-harming cells and a rise in elevation in C-peptide levels, suggesting the production of insulin.
“These patients have been told their pancreases were dead,” Faustman said. “We can take those people, give them a very low dose twice and see their pancreases kick in and start to make small amounts of insulin.”
To Market
Faustman and her colleagues at Massachusetts General in Boston are working to get the vaccine to market. After their early findings in studies with mice, she said they tried to interest every major drugmaker in developing the vaccine as a possible cure for diabetes. All told her there wasn’t enough money to be made in a cure that used an inexpensive, generically available vaccine, Faustman said.
So now, she is trying to raise money to pay for the expensive larger human trials. Her lab so far has received $11 million of the $25 million needed to pay for the next stage of testing. All of the money is coming from private donors, the largest of which is the Iacocca Family Foundation.
“It’s a cheap man’s approach in how to get in the clinic,” she said.
The vaccine’s ability to raise levels of cell-killing TNF also is being studied as a way to treat multiple sclerosis. In a study in Italy, researchers found the vaccine may prevent progressions of brain lesions in patients with advanced stages of MS, Faustman said.
To contact the reporter on this story: Shannon Pettypiece in New York at [email protected];
To contact the editor responsible for this story: Reg Gale at [email protected] |||||
Output: | A potentially life-changing development for those who suffer from type 1 diabetes, the more serious form of the disease: A vaccine used for decades to treat tuberculosis might not only reduce the need for daily insulin shots but actually reverse the disease itself, reports Bloomberg. Type 1 diabetics need daily injections because their own immune system goes haywire and kills pancreatic cells that produce insulin. The TB vaccine, it turns out, kills those insulin-attacking cells, according to a small-scale study. “These patients have been told their pancreases were dead,” says the chief of Mass General's immunobiology lab. “We can take those people, give them a very low dose twice and see their pancreases kick in and start to make small amounts of insulin.” The first study of the BCG vaccine involved only three patients, but researchers are planning a bigger one that could take up to five years. An estimated 3 million Americans have type 1 diabetes, though the Wall Street Journal reports that more and more patients with type 1 are being misdiagnosed with the more common type 2. |
You will be given a passage, and your task is to generate a Yes/No question that is answerable based on the given passage.
The most common marine fish in the Sound include porgy, butterfish, winter flounder, summer flounder, windowpane flounder, fourspot flounder, northern and striped sea robin, little skate, menhaden, Atlantic silversides, black seabass, blackfish (tautog), cunner, bluefish, and smooth dogfish. Frequently Atlantic bonito and false albacore, both members of the tuna family, enter the sound and can be caught by anglers from small boats and shore. Many species have declined rapidly since 1975 due to over fishing. Winter flounder may not be currently present except for rare, small local populations. Tautog and summer flounder are also less numerous. Anadromous fishes include striped bass, white perch, alewives, blueback herring, and American and hickory shad. Although several shark species likely infrequently wander in and out of the Sound, e.g. blue shark, mako shark, hammerhead shark & thresher shark, there are only four species of sharks which are regularly found in the area. These are the sand tiger shark, the sandbar shark, the spiny dogfish and the smooth dogfish. | do sharks live in the long island sound? |
Subsets and Splits