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Definition: In this task, you will be presented with a context passage, a question about that paragraph, and a possible answer to that question. The task is to check the validity of the answer. Answer with "Yes" or "No".
Input: Callimaco is taken by the beauty of Lucrezia , but she is the loyal wife of Nicia , a rich and foolish lawyer . Callimaco hires the service of a shady ` fixer ' named Ligurio to aid in his quest to sleep with her . Lgurio informs Callimaco that Nicia and Lucrezia are anxious to have a child . With the fixer's help , . Callimaco masquerades as a doctor and convinces Nicia that the best way for Lucrezia to conceive a child is by her taking a potion made from the Mandrake Root . He lies and warns Nicia that the first man to sleep with Lucrezia after she has taken the potion will die within eight days . Together they devise a plan to kidnap a stranger to sleep with Lucrezia and draw out the poison . Callimaco then disguises himself and arranges to be the one who is kidnapped . Lucrezia is an honorable woman and does not at first agree to meet with the stranger . Nicia gets both Lucrezia's mother , a woman of ill repute , and her confessor Brother Timoteo , a priest of low morals , to aid in convincing Lucrezia of the necessity of the plan . After finally sleeping with Lucrezia , Callimaco confesses everything . Lucrezia gives thought to the duplicity of her husband , her mother , and her confessor , and decides that she now wants Callimaco as a lover forever . Callimaco gets what he had desired and everyone else continues to believe that each had outwitted the others . <sep>Who did the foolish lawyer arrange to kidnap?<sep>The stranger
Output: | Yes |
(Q).
One day Mrs. Perry said to her husband, Jack, there is a meeting of our ladies' club at Mrs. Young's house at lunch time today. And I want to go to it. I'll leave you some food for your lunch. Is that all right?" "Oh, yes," her husband answered, "that's quite all right. What are you going to leave for my lunch?" "This tin of fish." Mrs. Perry said. "And there are some cold boiled potatoes and some beans here, too." "Good," Mr. Perry answered. "I'll have a good lunch." So Mrs. Perry went to her meeting. All the ladies had lunch at Mrs. Young's house , and at three o'clock she came home. "Was your fish nice?" asked she. "Yes, but my feet are hurting," he answered. "Why are they hurting?" "Well, the words on the tin were Open the tin and stand in hot water for five minutes." "Open the tin and stand in hot water for five minutes" means _ . A) you should open the tin and stand in hot water for 5 minutes B) you should open the tin but not stand in hot water for 5 minutes C) you should not open the tin but stand in hot water for 5 minutes D) you should open the tin and let it stand in hot water for 5 minutes
(A).
D
(Q).
It is growing dark as Daniel and I walk along the path. "I would be afraid to be out at this time in London," he says. "I would be frightened of being attacked." I am spending the day with 16-year-old Daniel and six other pupils from Burlington Danes School on a farm in Bath. Most of them have never been in the countryside, and have spent the past week feeding cows and going for long winter walks. They are here on Jamie's Farm. Started by Feilden, it aims to give inner-city children the experience of rural life. The children, many of whom have been in gangs or in trouble with the police, stay for a week in the Feildens' family home. According to Feilden, not a single item has been lost, stolen or broken in the farm. As his mother says, "I think the beauty here helps them." Or as 16-year-old Daniel says, "I like to be here. It smells all fresh." The pupils rise early to feed the cows, ping, chickens and horses, before eating a cooked breakfast. Following this comes more farm work, lunch, more work, a long walk, supper and finally bed. They love it. "It is great not having a phone," explains one. "I focus so much better." Many speak of how the diet has changed their mood and others of how much they like feeding the animals. The idea for the farm came when Feilden was working as a teacher in a "challenging" Croydon school. Most of the pupils had never been beyond the town, let alone into the countryside. Feilden felt farming could help. "It gave the pupils something to do besides fighting." It is, of course, not a _ -- a troubled child will still be a troubled child -- but Feilden says it still worthwhile. "If all we achieve is to show them the beauty of the countryside, then I think we've achieved a lot." Why does Feilden start Jamie's Farm? A) To help troubled children become good B) To promote the beautiful scenery there C) To help the police find gangs D) To give children the chance to experience rural life
(A).
D
(Q).
Planet English is the world's leading interactive multimedia software package for English language teaching and learning. For Students Planet English uses the latest in multimedia and information technology to support students who wish to learn English for international communication. Planet English is an exciting, high-tech, interactive way of learning English. It contains more than 40 hours of video and audio recordings, over 2,500 0riginal graphics, 3,000 interactive screens and 80 different activity types including real time student voice recordings. For Teachers Planet English is more than just a computer program. It includes a package of resources to complement any Eng-lish language teaching programme. Teachers can easily integrate Planet English with classroom activities using the detailed Teacher's Manual and Student Workbooks. Teachers can also manage the learning experience for students using the unique Planet English Courseware Management System (CMS). The CMS allows teachers to tailor courses to their syllabus and to students' needs by "mapping" content for classes or individuals. Activities and exercises that are relevant to the center's syllabus are then delivered to students in the appropriate lesson, ensuring students "navigate" to the right area of the programme of each lesson. For Educational Managers Planet English is the world's leading Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL) program. It allows English language teaching centers to enhance the educational quality of teaching programmes, improve learning outcomes and provide professional development for teaching staff. Implementing Planet English allows English language teaching centers to maximize the benefits of computor hardware because it provides teachers and learners with an easy-to-use and highly productive CALL resource. Planet English, as described in the passage, _ . A) is attractive to students because it combines English learning with computer games B) is popular with the teachers because they can manage the learning experience with the help of CMS C) is designed for the educational managers to evaluate the teaching staff D) is provided to students, teachers and managers for free
(A).
| B |
Definition: In this task, you are given a text of many news articles seperated by special token "|||||". Your task is to summarize them.
Input: Renee Zellweger hit the red carpet at the Elle Magazine Women in Hollywood awards this week looking dramatically different, prompting rumors of plastic surgery. (Reuters)
1. On Monday night in Beverly Hills, Elle magazine hosted its “Women in Hollywood Awards,” a standard evening of showbiz self-congratulation animated by a gentle pro-feminist spirit. On Tuesday morning, all anyone was talking or writing about from the event was Renee Zellweger’s face.
2. She looked … different. Maybe not bad. Just not at all like herself.
3. UK Mirror: “What happened to Bridget Jones?” CNN.com: “Is that you, Renee Zellweger?” FoxNews.com: “Fans: Renee Zellweger nearly unrecognizable after mysterious facial changes.” Random (but representative) person on Twitter: “Umm is this Renee Zellweger or are we at Madame Tussaud’s wax museum?”
Renee Zellweger in 2003 (Kim D. Johnson/AP)
4. The shock that greeted a 45-year-old Oscar winner’s makeover indicated that our society has grave concerns about chasing a youthful look — likely through cosmetic surgery. The data suggests otherwise. Americans had more than 11 million cosmetic procedures in 2013, according to stats from the American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery — 12 percent more than in 2012, and six times more than in 1997. Let’s just hazard a guess that the number of per capita “procedures” is somewhat higher in Los Angeles than in the U.S. as a whole.
5. So maybe we don’t have a problem with anyone having cosmetic surgery. Maybe we just have a problem with people who get caught having it.
6. Or maybe it’s just so commonplace that even those of us who disapprove can’t quite tell anymore when we’re seeing a face that’s been fixed versus one that’s untouched.
7. Certainly, no one in the entertainment industry seems particularly eager to talk about it, at least as it pertains to themselves. There’s a lot of hairsplitting: It’s not for me, but . . . “Never say never,” Naomi Watts told an Australian magazine vaguely, “and I certainly don’t judge anyone who does it.” “I don’t think anything’s wrong with plastic surgery,” Courteney Cox hedged in an interview with In Style, but, “I don’t understand when people change drastically.”
8. But Frances McDormand is talking about it. “Something happened culturally,” the proudly wrinkled actress, 57, recently raged to the New York Times. “No one is supposed to age past 45 — sartorially, cosmetically, attitudinally. Everybody dresses like a teenager. Everybody dyes their hair. Everybody is concerned about a smooth face. . . [My husband] literally has to stop me physically from saying something to people — to friends who’ve had work. I’m so full of fear and rage about what they’ve done.”
9. When she was 35, Judith Light was cast as the spunky single mom on “Who’s the Boss,” love interest to Tony Danza, who was two years younger. We saw her most recently on “Dallas,” at 63, and the actor playing her son was only three years younger. This happens so often in Hollywood we can’t even enumerate it.
10. Face it: They’re damned if they do, and they’re damned if they don’t. A high-profile woman who looks her age is said to have let herself go; one who has obviously erased some years is called vain and desperate.
11. Unless, of course, they’ve had really really good work done — such expensive and elaborate work that we can’t see the seams. Then we often judge that they are indeed “aging gracefully.” Whatever that means.
12. Sample captions on the photos of the event published by the Mail Online: “Renee embraced Oscar winner Shirley MacLaine, who looked incredible for 80.” “Speaking of evergreen: American Horror Story creator Ryan Murphy embraced his muse, Jessica Lange, who isn’t looking so bad herself at 65.” For those of you keeping score.
13. Kim Novak was widely mocked when she showed up at the Oscars with a preternaturally puffy face. Twenty years ago we might have made the same cracks about an aging star, but it’s unlikely she would have heard us. Instead, the 81-year-old felt the need to explain herself on Facebook: “I’m not going to deny that I had fat injections in my face. They seemed far less invasive than a face-lift.” It sounded like an apology.
14. Zellweger was 27 when she became a star in “Jerry Maguire,” 18 years ago. She had a startlingly unconventional beauty — those squinchy eyes, those chipmunk cheeks, that kewpie mouth, bursting with youth. Did she become a star despite that face, or because of it?
15. She was 35 when she won an Oscar for “Cold Mountain.” That was 10 years ago. Her last major theatrical release was “Case 39,” a horror flick that bombed at the box office. That was five years ago.
16. Look, obviously she did something. Obviously, it was a mistake. Maybe this wasn’t the look she was going for either, though.
17. Jennifer Grey, the long-ago star of “Dirty Dancing,” once said that she regretted her nose job: “I went into the operating room a celebrity and came out anonymous.” You probably saw a lot of people making that comparison on Twitter Tuesday.
18. At the 2009 Oscars, we saw Melissa Leo up close and were transfixed by the delicate spiderweb of fine lines around her eyes and mouth. Nothing unusual on a woman in her late 40s. It’s just that literally no one else on the red carpet had them.
19. A couple years later, it was the deep forehead creases on Sean Penn that preoccupied us. Every other man in the room had a brow like a freshly ironed sheet.
20. Proposed: As long as there are going to be 11 million “procedures” a year, maybe the industry should introduce a class of independent consultants. Professionals who can tell you what to do to your face — and what not to do — so that you’re not getting this advice from the doctors with a profit motive to do more.
21. By the end of the day, Twitter sentiment seemed to have swung from “what did Renee Zellweger do to her face?” to “leave Renee Zellweger alone.”
22. Sadly, that’s probably not the look she was going for either. ||||| To be a female celebrity is to lose at every turn. Dare to age? Face-shame at best and be out of work at worst. Get noticeable plastic surgery on your face to combat the inevitable ageing? At best, you will be mocked for your narcissism and delusional attempts at hanging on to your youth; at worst, you’ll be out of work again. The continued evolution of our obsession with famous people has birthed a strange phenomenon: the bodies of total strangers are considered collective public property to be casually evaluated, critiqued ... and discarded.
As disturbing as it may be sometimes to see a public figure physically transform before our eyes, it’s even more troubling to see how effortlessly we rush to say something about that transformation.
“Where did Renée Zellweger’s face go?”
To ask a question like that, as so many did on Tuesday is to cut in all directions, commodifying a woman’s body even as you seemingly seek to champion it.
What did Renée Zellweger do to deserve that kind of knee-jerk reaction? She attended Elle magazine’s 2014 Women in Hollywood event on Monday night – which is exactly the kind of thing you would expect a woman in Hollywood to do, especially one marking her first appearance in a film in more than five years. But no one, it seems, was happy to see her again: instead, on Tuesday morning, the media gatekeepers – including many women – were aghast at the appearance of Zellweger’s face, which seemed markedly different since her last memorable red-carpet appearance, which was more than five years ago. The outcry was loud and universal – which is exactly, sadly, the kind of thing a woman in Hollywood has learned to expect anytime she does anything to her appearance.
From fashion blogs to CNN, the horror and disgust was palpable: What kind of monster is this, the world seemed to beg, that would shed her skin so easily, hoping to avert ageing and death – or at least the death of her career by physically becoming another person altogether? Heavy internet-sighers bemoaned how akin Zellweger has become to Jennifer “No One Puts Baby in a Corner” Grey, who infamously cut off her own nose to spite her face, and – like a spooky campfire tale – supposedly never ever worked again.
Yet one trope was notably absent from the Greek chorus of judgment decrying Zellweger’s physical appearance. In all the hand-wringing and all the awfulness aimed at Zellweger, nary but a few finger-pointers noted that, the public doesn’t just feel entitled to freely comment on celebrity bodies and faces. No, the same public that apparently believes Zellweger did something untoward to her greatest asset (which is, apparently, not her acting chops) is also busy gasping even more loudly should any woman dare to let a wrinkle, a glimmer of cellulite or a bravely untoned abdominal muscle besmirch her appearance.
(Odd how it’s never mentioned that even the legendary Jennifer Grey elected to get plastic surgery only after she turned 30, which is also known as the age when the same women in Hollywood that Elle was celebrating on Monday night so often find themselves challenged to find substantive work.)
And the famous women who do dare to age at all – and beautifully so – are breathlessly glorified as possessing a talent so exceptional – so perfect – that it allowed them to transcend their own decaying forms.
Of course Meryl Streep is still working and racking up awards, we say, smiling respectfully every time a younger actress states that their greatest goal is to share the screen with her. Of course Jessica Lange is the new face of Marc Jacobs, we nod, proud of our own progressive, subversive standards of beauty. We allow ourselves a few exceptional exceptions ... if they’re pretty enough and we can believe that they would never sully themselves with a trip to a medical professional.
We expect our celebrity women to truly have it all: beauty, youth, talent, humility and a conscientious disdain for how their appearances figure into their ability to practice their art unless, of course, it is somehow serving their art. Pity the woman so brazen as to pull back the curtain on these expectations by letting herself be seen in public past a certain age – with or without the help of the medical community.
Pity poor Renée Zellweger, we say, for she is supposed to know when a famous woman no longer meets our standards for unobtainable and effortless beauty. Spare us the sight, we demand, of what our hypocrisy wreaks on our all-too-human idols.
Further reading: ||||| "When people got up close to her, they were taken back by what she had done to her face," the source said. "Everyone was whispering about how different she looked." ||||| (CNN) -- Renee Zellweger thinks all of the conversation about her face is "silly."
The actress told People magazine in a statement that "I'm glad folks think I look different! I'm living a different, happy, more fulfilling life, and I'm thrilled that perhaps it shows."
The chatter started after Zellweger appeared on the red carpet Monday at the Elle magazine 21st annual Women in Hollywood event. The actress looked so different from her "Jerry Maguire" and "Bridget Jones's Diary" days that some questioned whether it was really the same person.
"The Academy Award-nominated actress is virtually unrecognizable," MoviePilot.com wrote.
Gawker simply posted present and past photos of Zellweger with a note that read, "Since a few people are asking, allow us to be explicit: These are 100 percent photos of Renee Zellweger (the one you are thinking of -- the famous actress), from Getty photos, correctly identified as Renee Zellweger. Other than that, there is nothing remarkable about them."
The speculation about why she looked so different reached such a fevered pitch that Zellweger decided to face it. She said, "It seems the folks who come digging around for some nefarious truth which doesn't exist won't get off my porch until I answer the door."
Zellweger chalks her new look up to a healthier lifestyle.
"My friends say that I look peaceful. I am healthy," she said. "For a long time I wasn't doing such a good job with that. I took on a schedule that is not realistically sustainable and didn't allow for taking care of myself."
The attention reminded some people of "Dirty Dancing" star Jennifer Grey, who years ago surprised fans with a new look. But in Grey's case, she said, it was a result of two plastic surgeries on her nose that left her appearance more changed than she had anticipated.
The new look didn't help Grey's career.
"I decided to make fun of this, to make my fiasco become my reality," Grey told The Washington Post in 1999. "After all, it's not cancer, and it's absurd that just a nose job could wreak such havoc."
Despite her new look, Zellweger probably doesn't have to worry about it interfering with her career.
Though she hasn't been seen much since her last project in 2010, her latest film, "The Whole Truth," is due to hit theaters in 2015. |||||
Output: | Renee Zellweger showed up at an Elle magazine event last night and immediately stole the show by not looking much like Renee Zellweger. "Is that you, Renee Zellweger," reads the headline at CNN. The Daily News, meanwhile, interviews plastic surgeons to weigh in on what work the 45-year-old actress might have had done. (Sample suggestions: Botox, fillers in her face, maybe "a nose job to remake her face from perky to steely.") Or maybe ... nothing? Perhaps plastic surgery is "so commonplace that even those of us who disapprove can’t quite tell anymore when we’re seeing a face that’s been fixed versus one that’s untouched," write Amy Argetsinger and Emily Yahr at the Washington Post. Their "22 thoughts about a startling new face" blog post also observes that by day's end, "Twitter sentiment seemed to have swung from 'what did Renee Zellweger do to her face?' to 'leave Renee Zellweger alone.'" Amen, writes Jennifer Gerson Uffalussy at the Guardian. Female celebrities just can't win. "Dare to age? Face-shame at best and be out of work at worst," she writes. Dare to have plastic surgery, and "you will be mocked for your narcissism and delusional attempts at hanging on to your youth." Our celeb-obsessed culture "has birthed a strange phenomenon: the bodies of total strangers are considered collective public property to be casually evaluated, critiqued ... and discarded." |
In this task, you will be presented with a passage and have to answer a question based on your understanding of the events inferred from the passage. Among the entities, try to find the best entity that is most likely to fill in "_" and classify the answers based on options.
One example is below.
Q: For four years we have waited expectantly for the pitter patter of tiny paws. Soon, that wait could finally be over. Tian Tian, the UK's only female giant panda, has conceived and could give birth to a cub as early as August. However Edinburgh Zoo, where the pandas live, have warned people 'not to get too excited' as the process is 'extremely complex'. Moreover, on the two previous occasions keepers inseminated Tian Tian - whose name means 'Sweetie' - she has failed to produce a panda cub. She was artificially inseminated again in March this year, but keepers at the zoo say implantation - when a fertilised egg attaches to the uterus - has not yet occurred.Tian Tian has conceived and could give birth to a cub as early as AugustShe has been inseminated twice before but so far failed to produce a cubTian Tian and Yang Guang arrived in 2011 from China to great fanfareOn loan at £600k a year, became first giant pandas to live in UK for 17 years
Questions:Under the terms of the agreement any cubs will return to _ at the age of two, the age at which they would normally leave their mother in the wild. (A) Tian Tian (B) UK (C) Edinburgh Zoo (D) Sweetie (E) Yang Guang (F) China
A: (F)
Rationale: This is a good example. Based on the passage, any cubs will return to China at the age of two
Q: Donald Trump has become the subject of ridicule once again, this time from HBO talk-show host John Oliver. The British comedian and presenter is well known for pulling no punches when it comes to straight talking on his show ‘Last Week Tonight’, and Sunday night’s show was no exception. But he turned his attention from politics to food waste, in an 18-minute investigation segment on food waste in America. The investigations followed a report released by the Natural Resources Defense Council, revealing that Americans waste about 40 per cent of the food produced every year. The waste – which cost the U.S. around $165billion - would be able to fill 730 football stadiums.Last Week Tonight host attacked Donald Trump in his latest showIt featured an investigation into why Americans waste 40 per cent of foodOliver claimed Trump didn't care about hungry families in the U.S. or the long-term viability of life on EarthHe has previously called Trump an 'upside-down piece of candy corn in a wig made of used medical gauze'
Questions:In an episode in March that focused on the need to rebuild America’s infrastructure, Oliver described it as something politicians, labor, business and ‘even a total idiot’ like _ agree must be replaced. (A) Donald Trump (B) HBO (C) John Oliver (D) British (E) America (F) Natural Resources Defense Council (G) Americans (H) U.S. (I) Oliver
A: | (A) |
In this task, you will be presented with a passage and have to answer a question based on your understanding of the events inferred from the passage. Try to find the best answer that is most likely to fill in "_". Note that the URLs in the text have been replaced with [Link].
One example: For four years we have waited expectantly for the pitter patter of tiny paws. Soon, that wait could finally be over. Tian Tian, the UK's only female giant panda, has conceived and could give birth to a cub as early as August. However Edinburgh Zoo, where the pandas live, have warned people 'not to get too excited' as the process is 'extremely complex'. Moreover, on the two previous occasions keepers inseminated Tian Tian - whose name means 'Sweetie' - she has failed to produce a panda cub. She was artificially inseminated again in March this year, but keepers at the zoo say implantation - when a fertilised egg attaches to the uterus - has not yet occurred.Tian Tian has conceived and could give birth to a cub as early as AugustShe has been inseminated twice before but so far failed to produce a cubTian Tian and Yang Guang arrived in 2011 from China to great fanfareOn loan at £600k a year, became first giant pandas to live in UK for 17 years
Questions:Under the terms of the agreement any cubs will return to _ at the age of two, the age at which they would normally leave their mother in the wild.
Solution is here: China
Explanation: This is a good example. Based on the passage, any cubs will return to China at the age of two
Now, solve this: Jinan, China (CNN) -- Calling his former deputy a "liar with extremely bad character," fallen high-flying politician Bo Xilai on Sunday rebutted the testimony of the prosecution's star witness as his increasingly dramatic trial stretched into a fourth day. The former Communist Party chief of the sprawling southwestern metropolis of Chongqing has denied abusing his power -- the third and final charge being heard in court in Jinan, eastern China, long after he was stripped of his posts and expelled from the party. Prosecutors accuse Bo of threatening and improperly firing his former police chief Wang Lijun after learning about a murder investigation involving Bo's wife Gu Kailai, who is currently serving a suspended death sentence for killing British businessman Neil Heywood.Bo Xilai slams his former police chief as a "liar with extremely bad character"Trial adjourned after half a day on Sunday, to resume for day 5 on MondayBo facing trial for corruption, embezzlement and abuse of powerWang says he tried to seek U.S. asylum because he feared for his safety
Question:"I didn't bend the law to protect _," he said.
Solution: | Gu Kailai |
Multi-select problem: How does the next paragraph end?
A man is seen riding around on a skateboard and performing a trick. he
Possible answers: (1). continues jumping off and off the side and goes out afterwards boasting about his victory.; (2). shakes the board a few times while the camera follows him.; (3). is shown again riding in slow motion showing off his tricks.; (4). continues to push himself around in a group of people and ends with him sitting on the floor and a person performing the trick.; | (3). |
Given the task definition and input, reply with output. In this task, you will be presented with a passage and have to answer a question based on your understanding of the events inferred from the passage. Among the entities, try to find the best entity that is most likely to fill in "_" and classify the answers based on options.
Earlier this week, Alberto Salazar released an 11,000-word defence to doping allegations. As part of his defence, Salazar has tried to discredit Steve Magness - a former coach for the Nike Oregon Project - who has given evidence against his old boss. On Thursday night, Magness issued a detailed statement to Sportsmail which can be found below. The claims in the following statement have not been substantiated by Sportsmail. 'Yesterday (Wednesday) Alberto Salazar broke three weeks of silence to respond to the BBC/ProPublica investigation of doping at the Nike Oregon Project. Although Salazar promised he would show that the allegations against him are 'false,' his statements actually confirm what I witnessed and what I told to the BBC/ProPublica reporters in their documentary last month.Alberto Salazar delivered an 11,000-word defence to doping allegationsSalazar tried to discredit former Nike Oregon Project coach Steve MagnessMagness issued a detailed statement to Sportsmail on Thursday night
Questions:In reality, I left the _ under a mutual agreement to terminate my contract, dated June 27, 2012 so that I could pursue other coaching opportunities. (A) Alberto Salazar (B) Salazar (C) Steve Magness (D) Nike Oregon Project (E) Magness (F) Sportsmail (G) BBC (H) ProPublica
| (D) |
Question: This paper discusses marijuana, crack/cocaine, tranquilizers, hallucinogens, amphetamines, heroin, alcohol, nicotine and caffeine to provide a framework for the author's argument that the legalization of drugs can in no way be deemed as ethical or moral.
Drug legalization has benefits.
OPTIONS:
- yes
- no
Answer: no
Determine if the sentence is true based on the text below.
US shuttle Atlantis docks with the Mir space station.
On June 29, 1995, the Space Shuttle Atlantis made history when it docked with the Russian Mir space station, as shown in this photograph.
OPTIONS:
- yes
- no
yes
Prince Charles was previously married to Princess Diana, who died in a car crash in Paris in August 1997.
OPTIONS:
- yes
- no
Question: Prince Charles and Princess Diana got married in August 1997.
no
Bülent Ecevit, former prime minister of Turkey and poet, has died at 81. Ecevit was in a coma for nearly six months following a stroke. Ecevit was the prime minister of the government ordering a military intervention on July 20, 1974, to prevent a coup in Cyprus by Greek forces, dividing the island and setting the stage for the foundation of the breakaway Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus.
Is this true: Bülent Ecevit was a poet.
OPTIONS:
- yes
- no
A: yes
Question:
The company, whose registered auditors are Deloitte and Touche, has instructed Ernst and Young to carry out a thorough review of the accounts of Eurest Support Services, a subsidiary which feeds UN peacekeepers in at least eight countries.
Is this true?
Eurest Support Services is a subsidiary of Ernst and Young.
OPTIONS:
- yes
- no
Answer:
no
Question: Bout - who is generally believed to be a model for the arms dealer portrayed by Nicolas Cage in the 2005 movie 'Lord of War' - has repeatedly denied any involvement in illicit activities. At a hearing earlier this month, he angrily accused the United States of framing him and pressuring Thailand to extradite him. He has long been linked to some of the world's most notorious conflicts, allegedly supplying arms to former Liberian dictator Charles Taylor and Libyan leader Colonel Gaddafi.
Gaddafi is the leader of Thailand.
OPTIONS:
- yes
- no
Answer: | no |
In this task, we ask you to elaborate the sentence without changing its general meaning. You can do so by explaining further the input sentence, using more precise wording, adding qualifiers and auxiliary information etc.
One example is below.
Q: The Inheritance Cycle is a series of fantasy books written by Christopher Paolini.
A: The Inheritance Cycle is a tetralogy of young adult high fantasy novels written by American author Christopher Paolini.
Rationale: The output sentence elaborates on the input sentence without changing its general meaning e.g. "tetralogy of young adult high fantasy novels".
Q: Westminster Palace , Westminster Abbey and Saint Margaret 's Church make up a UNESCO World Heritage Site .
A: | The United Nations Educational , Scientific and Cultural Organization ( UNESCO ) classifies the Palace of Westminster , along with neighbouring Westminster Abbey and St Margaret 's , as a World Heritage Site . |
Q: The federal act will have a negative impact on Canadian businesses.
The federal act, when it applies to Quebec and the other provinces, will affect federally regulated businesses-notably telephone companies, banks, airlines and interprovincial carriers-as well as all interprovincial and international personal data exchanges for business purposes.
OPTIONS:
- Yes
- It's impossible to say
- No
A: It's impossible to say
Scott Stevens, the Idaho meteorologist who claimed that a weather manipulating conspiracy (possibly under the control of Japanese Yakuza mafia) caused Hurricane Katrina, has quit his job at KPVI-TV in Pocatello.
Stevens has stopped working for KPVI-TV OPTIONS:
- Yes
- It's impossible to say
- No
A: Yes
input hypothesis: Lake of Tears released more than two albums
Context: Headstones is the second studio album by the gothic metal band Lake of Tears. It was released in 1995 and still has many doom metal influences; future albums have a more gothic and melodic approach in music, though there are songs up to the band's latest release that still take inspiration from doom metal.
OPTIONS:
- Yes
- It's impossible to say
- No
true or false: Yes
Context:
How to do shoulder exercises in yoga<br>Try some simple breathing exercises first. This pose will help you exercise shoulder muscles you don't use often and will prepare you for higher-intensity workouts later. [substeps] Lie flat on your stomach with your arms at your sides.
Hypothesis: Randy has ran 10 miles OPTIONS:
- Yes
- It's impossible to say
- No
It's impossible to say
Input: OPTIONS:
- Yes
- It's impossible to say
- No
Security forces gunned down six Maoists; while the rebels killed a policeman and an abducted civilian drowned escaping from the Maoists, say latest insurgency related reports.
Sentence: The security forces are with the government.
Output: It's impossible to say
Input: OPTIONS:
- Yes
- It's impossible to say
- No
assignment<br>When i was in high school i was to lazy to do assignments. One day our teacher gave us assignment to be submitted the next day. But i didn't do it instead i watch a movie that night. Next morning i convinced my friend that i will copy her assignment. But she did not let me because she wants me to learn my lesson.
Sentence: I convinced my friend to let me copy.
Output: | No |
In this task, you will be presented with a passage and have to answer a question based on your understanding of the events inferred from the passage. Among the entities, try to find the best entity that is most likely to fill in "_" and classify the answers based on options.
Example: For four years we have waited expectantly for the pitter patter of tiny paws. Soon, that wait could finally be over. Tian Tian, the UK's only female giant panda, has conceived and could give birth to a cub as early as August. However Edinburgh Zoo, where the pandas live, have warned people 'not to get too excited' as the process is 'extremely complex'. Moreover, on the two previous occasions keepers inseminated Tian Tian - whose name means 'Sweetie' - she has failed to produce a panda cub. She was artificially inseminated again in March this year, but keepers at the zoo say implantation - when a fertilised egg attaches to the uterus - has not yet occurred.Tian Tian has conceived and could give birth to a cub as early as AugustShe has been inseminated twice before but so far failed to produce a cubTian Tian and Yang Guang arrived in 2011 from China to great fanfareOn loan at £600k a year, became first giant pandas to live in UK for 17 years
Questions:Under the terms of the agreement any cubs will return to _ at the age of two, the age at which they would normally leave their mother in the wild. (A) Tian Tian (B) UK (C) Edinburgh Zoo (D) Sweetie (E) Yang Guang (F) China
Example solution: (F)
Example explanation: This is a good example. Based on the passage, any cubs will return to China at the age of two
Problem: (CNN) Gladys Knight's Chicken and Waffles, an Atlanta dining institution that features Southern favorites and is named after the famed singer, was raided on Tuesday after Georgia's Department of Revenue accused the owner -- Knight's son -- of theft and tax evasion. Shanga Hankerson, Knight's son and the owner of the three Atlanta-area restaurants, "is accused of stealing over $650,000" in sales taxes and withholding taxes owed to the state, the agency said in a news release. "After penalties and interest the total exceeds $1 million," the department said. "The department further alleges that Hankerson used these funds for personal use."Knight's son -- the restaurants' owner -- accused "stealing over $650,000 in sales and withholding taxes."Georgia's Department of Revenue says it is seeking Shanga Hankerson's arrest
Questions:_ told WSB her son called her immediately after the failed inspection and said she was confident in his ability to run the restaurant. (A) CNN (B) Gladys Knight (C) Chicken and Waffles (D) Atlanta (E) Southern (F) Georgia (G) Department of Revenue (H) Shanga Hankerson (I) Hankerson
| Solution: (B) |
In this task, we ask you to elaborate the sentence without changing its general meaning. You can do so by explaining further the input sentence, using more precise wording, adding qualifiers and auxiliary information etc.
One example is below.
Q: The Inheritance Cycle is a series of fantasy books written by Christopher Paolini.
A: The Inheritance Cycle is a tetralogy of young adult high fantasy novels written by American author Christopher Paolini.
Rationale: The output sentence elaborates on the input sentence without changing its general meaning e.g. "tetralogy of young adult high fantasy novels".
Q: For example , at porn seller HotMovies.com , there are only 655 bisexual movies out of a showing of more than 90,000 movies .
A: | However the genre remains a very small proportion of the pornographic DVD market ; for example at porn retailer HotMovies.com , there are only 655 bisexual titles out of a catalogue of more than 90,000 films . |
Definition: In this task, you are given a text of many news articles seperated by special token "|||||". Your task is to summarize them.
Input: A 16-year-old male runner is dead after being mauled by a black bear during a race in Bird Creek Sunday.
The teen, identified Monday as 16-year-old Patrick Cooper, was running the Bird Ridge Junior Divison race when he got lost and veered off the trail, according to Park Ranger Tom Crockett with Chugach State Park. Shortly after, he called his brother, who was also racing, to say he was being attacked by a bear, Crockett added. The brother was near the finish line when it happened and ran to race officials for help. He also notified their mother.
Searchers were able to figure out where Patrick was by tracking his cell phone.
People in the area volunteered to help find the teen. The first person to find Patrick’s body was Anchorage Assemblyman John Weddleton who warned others to get back.
“So, I got kind of through the brush, down a couple a hundred feet off the trail and… the bear came rushing out of some bushes,” Weddleton said. “So, I’m yelling ‘bear!’ to warn the other people — ‘Bear, Bear, Bear!'”
Troopers and Park Rangers saw the black bear and shot at it but say it may still be out there. Crockett said the bear seemed to be a predatory bear, as opposed to a defensive, which is rare.
The area where the boy was found was rugged, so, the fire department called National Guard PJs (Pararescue Crew) who retrieved the body by helicopter.
Race Director Brad Precosky said he saw a brown bear when the race started but went back and the bear was gone.
Currently, the Bird Ridge parking lot is closed at both ends.
Park Rangers say they made a sweep of the trail to make sure no one else was up there. They plan to look more for the bear on Monday. ||||| A 16-year-old runner in a Bird Ridge mountain race was killed by a black bear he apparently encountered while descending the trail Sunday, Alaska State Troopers and the race director said.
The victim was identified by troopers as Patrick Cooper of Anchorage.
A Chugach State Park ranger shot the bear in the face, but it ran away. Rangers and the Alaska Department of Fish and Game were still looking for the animal Sunday night on the slope overlooking Turnagain Arm southeast of Anchorage.
Cooper was a participant in the juniors division of the Robert Spurr Memorial Hill Climb, said race director Brad Precosky. The close-knit Alaska mountain running community is in shock at the fatal mauling, he said.
"This is the worst thing that could happen," he said.
The popular mountain race is in its 29th year. The steep course takes adult runners up Bird Ridge, a familiar mountain that looms over the Seward Highway at about Mile 100.
Racers descend at their leisure. Juniors race to the halfway point, about 1.5 miles from the start, before heading down.
The runner had apparently made it to the halfway point turnaround and was on his way down when he used his phone to text a family member at 12:37 p.m. that he was being chased by a bear, Precosky said. The family member approached Precosky, who was then in the middle of handing out awards.
"I went off and talked to him about it, trying to get a straight story," Precosky said. "He was very shaken and had received this communication."
A search was launched immediately, Precosky said. The family member had GPS coordinates from the missing runner's phone that helped guide searchers to the area where his phone was. But the searchers, including runners that were part of the race, couldn't get closer.
"The bear was remaining in the area where the young man was laying," said Tom Crockett, a park ranger with Chugach State Park.
Cooper was found about a mile from the trailhead about 500 yards off the trail in steep, heavily wooded terrain at about a 30-degree slope, Crockett said. It was not clear how the runner got off the trail, or if he had been chased by the bear to the spot.
A park ranger shot the bear in the face, Crockett said.
"It did definitely take a slug strike to the face when the ranger fired on it," Crockett said. "We know he struck it."
The black bear, estimated to be about 250 pounds, was alone, Crockett said. Rangers don't know why it attacked the runner. They are trying to locate and kill the wounded animal.
Crockett said bear encounters are not common on Bird Ridge. He hadn't heard any reports of bear sightings in the area during the previous week.
Pararescuers with the Alaska Air National Guard used a helicopter hoist to take Cooper's body away from the scene, said Sgt. Nathan Mitchell with the Anchorage Police Department.
"This young man didn't do anything wrong. He was just in the wrong place," Crockett said. "You can't predict which bear is going to be predatory."
The Bird Ridge trailhead and parking lot will be closed until the bear is located, Crockett said. ||||| UPDATE, 4:45 p.m. WEDNESDAY: On Tuesday evening, the Alaska Department of Fish and Game shot and killed four bears. One of the dead black bears is believed to be responsible for Sunday's fatal Bird Ridge mauling.
Read the full story, here.
UPDATE, 10:35 a.m. MONDAY: Alaska State Troopers have identified the victim of Sunday's bear mauling at Bird Ridge as 16-year-old Patrick Cooper of Anchorage.
ORIGINAL STORY:
A parent's worst nightmare came to life this Father's Day when a teen running an annual trail race was fatally mauled by a bear near Bird Creek.
Law enforcement officials and fellow competitors said a 16-year-old boy was participating in the Robert Spurr Memorial Hill Climb at Bird Ridge, which was being run for the 29th year straight.
Dozens of runners, including the teen, toed the starting line that morning for the mountain race that begins at the start of Bird Ridge Trail, and meanders through heavily wooded terrain. As for the ascent, that's a 3,400-foot vertical climb that spans three miles for adult racers and half that for juniors, those who are 17 and younger taking on the mountain.
Challenging terrain, but in those three decades, many said the territory had never proven to be a big problem.
That all changed shortly after noon Sunday.
"I've been running in the mountains for 30 years," said Race Director Brad Precosky. "People come down off the trail and say they've run into a bear. Sometimes that means nothing; other times, it's really serious. Like this."
The teenager, who police said is from Alaska, reportedly sent out a text message to a family member during his descent of the trail after the all-uphill race sometime around 12:30.
"One of the brothers of the kid that was up there ran down and came to talk to me, and said his brother was in trouble," Procosky said, "that he was being chased by a bear."
The mother was also there with her family, including multiple children who were part of the race, according to Anchorage Police Dept. Sgt. Nathan Mitchell.
Precosky said the teen's fellow competitors lost him in thick brush when he went off the trail. When one of the runners came barreling down the trail saying there had been an attack, he said, the entire race crew went into crisis mode.
Other runners, many of whom had completed the race, immediately volunteered to be part of the search for the boy. They returned - weaponless - to the trail.
"There were probably a dozen mountain runners up there keeping the bear on its toes," Precosky said. "They had the coordinates and GPS, and that's how they found him.
"I got a text saying the GPS coordinates were accurate," he said, "that the bear was onsite guarding the body, and they needed a weapon."
Another one of the runners said he saw a bear circling the teen somewhere off the beaten path.
John Weddleton, who didn't win a lottery spot for the race this year but attended to cheer his fellow runners on, was first to find the boy after the attack.
"I ran up to cheer, came down, and thought, I might as well go back up," he said. "All I knew was there was a boy missing, and missing in bear country."
He was on his own after splitting off from the main search party when he heard the rustle of a bear.
"I heard something above me and thought, maybe that's him," Weddleton said. "The bear came by me, maybe about 10 feet away, and then I saw [the teen]. No motion. He looked awful."
The police department received a call reporting the mauling around 3 p.m. Sunday afternoon.
"We didn't have a whole lot of info initially," Mitchell said, "so we started sending assets. It sounded like park rangers were ahead of us, but they didn't have any long guns.
"There really wasn't much here when we arrived," he said. "Just people pointing up at the trail."
APD, the Anchorage Fire Dept., Alaska State Troopers, the National Guard, and park rangers were all part of the search.
"We got word that it didn't look good when we got eyes on the bear around 2:30," Precosky said. "This is not - it's not something I want to see."
What was described by police as "a large black bear" that attacked the boy wasn't the only one in the area Sunday afternoon. Runners reported seeing multiple bears while along the trail during the race.
"There was a brown bear sighting, there was a black bear with cubs sighting," Precosky said. "We didn't know which was which."
After an extended search through extreme terrain, the boy was eventually located off the main trail, about a mile up the path at about 1500 vertical feet.
"The terrain was really, really rugged," Mitchell said, "to the point where we only sent down a team of six. The officers went down, very guarded, and located the victim."
Mitchell said the teen was pronounced dead at the scene, and the body was airlifted out of the area.
"How do you respond as a parent when you hear news like that?" he said. "It's devastating. It's tough."
As family and the community mourn, for now, that bear continues to wander the trails, which remained closed as of Sunday night.
"Pray for that family," Weddleton said.
Author's note: This story has been edited to clarify that the teen was injured while descending the trail, not ascending it during the race. |||||
Output: | "This is the worst thing that could happen," says the director of an Alaska trail race that ended in tragedy Sunday. A 16-year-old participant was killed by a black bear while descending the Bird Ridge mountain trail. The Alaska Dispatch News reports the unidentified teen had made it to the turnaround point and was on his way back to the trailhead when a bear apparently began chasing him. He alerted his mother to his situation via text at 12:37pm local time, reports KTUU; KTVA adds that he also called his brother. A "very shaken" relative—it's unclear who—told race director Brad Precosky what was going on. A search started immediately, bolstered by searchers' ability to track the teen's phone, but was then thwarted. "The bear was remaining in the area where the young man was laying," says a park ranger. The roughly 250-pound bear was then shot in the face but fled; rangers are trying to track it down and kill it. As for the runner, his body was found about a quarter-mile off the trail in a very steep area heavily populated with trees. It's not known if the bear chased him there or if he arrived at the spot in some other way. The ranger says bears aren't often seen on Bird Ridge, but Precosky tells a different story. "I've been running in the mountains for 30 years"—this was the 29th year the race was held—and "people come down off the trail and say they've run into a bear. Sometimes that means nothing; other times, it's really serious. Like this." (This forest cop died after surprising a bear.) |
In this task, you will be presented with a passage and have to answer a question based on your understanding of the events inferred from the passage. Try to find the best answer that is most likely to fill in "_". Note that the URLs in the text have been replaced with [Link].
One example: For four years we have waited expectantly for the pitter patter of tiny paws. Soon, that wait could finally be over. Tian Tian, the UK's only female giant panda, has conceived and could give birth to a cub as early as August. However Edinburgh Zoo, where the pandas live, have warned people 'not to get too excited' as the process is 'extremely complex'. Moreover, on the two previous occasions keepers inseminated Tian Tian - whose name means 'Sweetie' - she has failed to produce a panda cub. She was artificially inseminated again in March this year, but keepers at the zoo say implantation - when a fertilised egg attaches to the uterus - has not yet occurred.Tian Tian has conceived and could give birth to a cub as early as AugustShe has been inseminated twice before but so far failed to produce a cubTian Tian and Yang Guang arrived in 2011 from China to great fanfareOn loan at £600k a year, became first giant pandas to live in UK for 17 years
Questions:Under the terms of the agreement any cubs will return to _ at the age of two, the age at which they would normally leave their mother in the wild.
Solution is here: China
Explanation: This is a good example. Based on the passage, any cubs will return to China at the age of two
Now, solve this: Philadelphia (CNN) President Barack Obama on Wednesday handed his legacy to Hillary Clinton, setting her up for the speech of her life with a powerful endorsement and the enduring image of a warm embrace. Clinton joined Obama on stage after his speech, and the President and his 2008 primary rival clung together in a shared moment of symbolism: the nation's first African-American leader entrusting its future to the woman who could become its first female commander-in-chief. Obama was in Philadelphia at the Democratic National Convention 12 years to the day after he shook politics with a convention speech in Boston that encouraged Americans to look at the common threads that unite them. He offered a similarly empowering vision of the nation Wednesday, saying America doesn't need a "self declared savior" like Donald Trump to fix it.Obama's speech sets up Hillary Clinton's address Thursday nightHe capped an evening that included Vice President Joe Biden
Question:"_ says he wants to run the nation like he's run his business.
Solution: | Donald Trump |
Can we draw the following hypothesis from the context?
Context:
Honda also released a video where a humanoid robot named Asimo was operated by a person wearing the helmet. The employee was stated to be thinking about raising his right hand, after which Asimo moved its right arm. Honda states that it could be quite some time before the technology is ready to go live due to difficulties such as the human brain's liability to become distracted, creating mixed thought patterns. A related problem is the amount of focus required by the operator. "Practical uses are still way into the future." said Honda Research Institute Japan Co executive, Yasuhisa Arai. "I'm [just] talking about dreams today."
Hypothesis: Yasuhisa Arai is an employee of Honda Research Institute Japan. | yes |
Instructions: In this task, you will be presented with a context passage, a question about that paragraph, and a possible answer to that question. The task is to check the validity of the answer. Answer with "Yes" or "No".
Input: At 8:38, Ong told Gonzalez that the plane was flying erratically again. Around this time Sweeney told Woodward that the hijackers were Middle Easterners, naming three of their seat numbers. One spoke very little English and one spoke excellent English. The hijackers had gained entry to the cockpit, and she did not know how. The aircraft was in a rapid descent. At 8:41, Sweeney told Woodward that passengers in coach were under the impression that there was a routine medical emergency in first class. Other flight attendants were busy at duties such as getting medical supplies while Ong and Sweeney were reporting the events. At 8:41, in American's operations center, a colleague told Marquis that the air traffic controllers declared Flight 11 a hijacking and "think he's [American 11] headed toward Kennedy [airport in New York City]. They're moving everybody out of the way. They seem to have him on a primary radar. They seem to think that he is descending." At 8:44, Gonzalez reported losing phone contact with Ong. About this same time Sweeney reported to Woodward, "Something is wrong. We are in a rapid descent . we are all over the place." Woodward asked Sweeney to look out the window to see if she could determine where they were. <sep>At what time did the hijackers gain entry to the cockpit?<sep>8:44
Output: | No |
Multi-select problem: How does the next paragraph end?
He then shows how to do stomach crunches by holding the back of head with his hands and moving his body back and forth and sideways while folding his knees to his chest. he
Select from the following.
(I). then shows how to do shower soap by using water and the disposable paperclip to wipe the nose and make a face.;
(II). then demonstrates and then exercises by sticking up his lower abdomen and holding his head down and facing away from the cameras.;
(III). then videos more text on how to do the side crunches.;
(IV). continues doing crunches and then stops.; | (IV). |
In this task, you are given a question and a context passage. You have to answer the question based on the given passage.
Example: what is the first event mentioned?, Context: The Russian Revolution is the series of revolutions in Russia in 1917, which destroyed the Tsarist autocracy and led to the creation of the Soviet Union. Following the abdication of Nicholas II of Russia, the Russian Provisional Government was established. In October 1917, a red faction revolution occurred in which the Red Guard, armed groups of workers and deserting soldiers directed by the Bolshevik Party, seized control of Saint Petersburg (then known as Petrograd) and began an immediate armed takeover of cities and villages throughout the former Russian Empire.
Example solution: Russian Revolution
Example explanation: This is a good example, and the Russian Revolution is the first event mentioned.
Problem: What is the historian's issue?, Context: Romila Thapar notes that the division into Hindu-Muslim-British periods of Indian history gives too much weight to "ruling dynasties and foreign invasions", neglecting the social-economic history which often showed a strong continuity. The division into Ancient-Medieval-Modern periods overlooks the fact that the Muslim conquests occurred gradually during which time many things came and went off, while the south was never completely conquered. According to Thapar, a periodisation could also be based on "significant social and economic changes", which are not strictly related to a change of ruling powers.[note 1]
| Solution: the division into Hindu-Muslim-British periods of Indian history gives too much weight to "ruling dynasties and foreign invasions", neglecting the social-economic history which often showed a strong continuity |
Multi-choice problem: Continue writing the next sentence in this paragraph:
A person is showing off a scrubbing brush and cleaner and pouring the clearing into a sink. He scrubs the sink with the brush creating suds in the water while the facet runs. he
Available options:
--continues cleaning and sitting to hear the sound of the water.
--continues scrubbing window but drops the cleaning tool to try and wash the window as the watch.
--continues scrubbing the sink with the brush until the sink is clean.
--gets a cup and pours his waste into the sink and bubbles up into the sink. | continues scrubbing the sink with the brush until the sink is clean. |
Instructions: In this task, you will be presented with a passage and have to answer a question based on your understanding of the events inferred from the passage. Among the entities, try to find the best entity that is most likely to fill in "_" and classify the answers based on options.
Input: Istanbul, Turkey (CNN) Turkish citizens arrived en masse in Istanbul on Sunday, after marching 250 miles over three-and-a-half weeks to demand the government loosen its stranglehold on the country's democracy. Kemal Kilicdaroglu, leader of the opposition Republican People's Party (CHP), finished the last kilometer of his long trek alone and was met with huge applause and chants of "Rights! Law! Justice!" as he entered Maltepe Square. The square was packed to its seams and many attendees and marchers gave up trying to enter the rally, instead joining in on the chants from grassy patches outside the square. "We need justice and democracy. That's why we have been in the roads for days," said Fadime Özbudak, a 47-year-old housewife. "It's wonderful here. I couldn't even get inside, but I'm just so happy. ... I've never seen anything like this in Turkey.""This is the voice, the scream of the people for justice," protester saysDemonstration began after an opposition MP was imprisoned
Questions:Despite the fatigue, the final leg to _ was festive, with bands playing along the way. (A) Istanbul (B) Turkey (C) CNN (D) Turkish (E) Kemal Kilicdaroglu (F) Republican People's Party (G) CHP (H) Maltepe Square (I) Fadime Özbudak
Output: | (A) |
You will be given a passage, and your task is to generate a Yes/No question that is answerable based on the given passage.
Q: A table of contents usually includes the titles or descriptions of the first-level headers, such as chapter titles in longer works, and often includes second-level or section titles (A-heads) within the chapters as well, and occasionally even third-level titles (subsections or B-heads). The depth of detail in tables of contents depends on the length of the work, with longer works having less. Formal reports (ten or more pages and being too long to put into a memo or letter) also have a table of contents. Within an English-language book, the table of contents usually appears after the title page, copyright notices, and, in technical journals, the abstract; and before any lists of tables or figures, the foreword, and the preface.
A: | do you include the title page in a table of contents? |
Definition: In this task you will be given an answer to a question. You need to generate a question. The answer given should be a correct answer for the generated question.
Input: The city is built along the Niagara Falls waterfalls and the Niagara Gorge on the Niagara River, which flows from Lake Erie to Lake Ontario.
Output: | what is the closest town to niagara falls |
Can we draw the following hypothesis from the context?
Context:
John Charles Hockenberry (born June 4, 1956) is an American journalist and author, a four-time Emmy Award winner and three-time Peabody Award winner. From April 2008 until August 2017, Hockenberry was the host of "The Takeaway", a live national news program created by Public Radio International and WNYC New York.
Hypothesis: John Charles Hockenberry is a Republican. | It's impossible to say |
Definition: In this task, you are given a text of many news articles seperated by special token "|||||". Your task is to summarize them.
Input: CENTENNIAL, Colo. - Cinemark Theaters has been cleared of liability for a mass shooting that left 12 people dead and 70 others injured.
Jurors deliberated less than three hours in the civil lawsuit filed by 27 victims and family members.
“I’m gravely disappointed in the outcome,” said plaintiff’s attorney Marc Bern. “Unfortunately, the victims of this tragedy… have been dealt another blow.”
Bern said Cinemark was negligent in providing for the safety of its patrons.
He said the company should have had cameras outside the theater, a silent alarm on the back door and armed guards.
He noted that Cinemark used armed guards at that theater on Fridays, Saturdays and Sundays.
“But for a special event, expecting a thousand people for the premier of a blockbuster move, they did not have that type of security,” he said.
Cinemark’s attorney, Kevin Taylor, said jurors could see that the mass shooting, committed by James Holmes, was “unstoppable, unforeseeable, unpreventable and unpredictable.”
“The evidence is that by mid-June, Mr. Holmes was very fully committed,” Taylor said. “In between mid-June and when he committed this act, he completely booby-trapped his apartment in ways that were heretofore unforeseen, and never experienced before by law enforcement that investigated the Oklahoma City bombing and that investigated the Unibomber.”
Taylor told Denver7 that jurors determined that Cinemark endured a tremendous tragedy, “as did the victims of this case, the entire Aurora community and first responders at the hands of a madman."
“Justice was done, in our view, 11 and a half months ago when Mr. Holmes was found solely at fault for this horrendous, horrendous crime, that I hope our state and our nation never again endures,” he said.
Bern said he believes there were significant issues and substantial areas where an appeal will very likely reverse this decision.
“We fully expect to try this case again,” he said. “I believe these victims were denied justice.”
When asked what evidence was excluded from the civil trial, Bern wouldn’t elaborate.
“We’ll wait until we review the transcript before outlining what evidence should be included in the appeal,” he said.
Bern said he hopes there have been changes in security regardless of the outcome of this case.
“Just today,” he said, “they’re talking about another plane that went down (Egypt Air) and are speculating that it might have been the result of some kind of terrorist act. We have to be on constant lookout, constant vigil, whether it’s at the airport, the theater or wherever. We are living in a post 9/11 world and we must understand that. We can’t act like it’s 1950.”
Taylor said Cinemark is a company that first and foremost cares deeply about all of its patrons and has a very special place in its corporate heart.
“I think you saw that from the employees who testified for all the victims of this [tragedy] including the people who were killed and injured in auditorium number nine.” ||||| Victims of the theater shooting filed suit against Cinemark alleging that security was lax
In this Wednesday, May 11, 2016 file photo, a colorful sign decorates the entrance of the Cinemark Century 16 movie theater in Aurora, Colo. ( Brennan Linsley, The Associated Press )
CENTENNIAL — The owner of the Aurora movie theater where 12 people were murdered in one of the nation's worst mass shootings is not to blame for the attack, a jury decided Thursday.
The decision is the first in a trial against theater chain Cinemark stemming from the 2012 shooting, which also wounded 70 people. It means that Cinemark will not have to pay money to any of the survivors of the shooting or relatives of those killed in it who filed suit against the company in state court. The victims argued Cinemark's security failings helped enable the attack.
A separate case against the theater filed in federal court is scheduled for trial in July.
"The community has spoken," Cinemark attorney Kevin Taylor said after the verdict was announced. "Its conscience has been heard."
The jury of five men and one woman deliberated for about four hours before reaching the decision. The verdict was read in the same Arapahoe County courtroom where the fate of the gunman was decided less than a year ago, but it lacked the same emotion.
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None of the shooting's victims were in court when the decision was announced. Instead, as this latest ripple of the shooting crested and fell, the audience consisted mostly of people paid to be there.
Outside the courtroom, the victims' attorney, Marc Bern, sighed heavily and vowed a quick appeal.
"This is an unjust verdict," he said.
After the shooting, approximately 60 survivors of the attack and families of those killed filed lawsuits in state and federal courts against Cinemark. Those lawsuits eventually were consolidated into two cases — one in state court and one in federal court. Among other things, the victims argued that Cinemark should have had armed guards at the Century Aurora 16 theater the night of the shooting, when 1,000 people were expected to attend the midnight premiere of the Batman film "The Dark Knight Rises."
The plaintiffs in the state case include three parents whose children were murdered in the shooting, a man who now walks with a permanent limp and a woman who had to hold her own intestines in to survive. Because of how the trial was structured, though, none of them testified during the case.
Instead, the jury was asked only to assess whether Cinemark should have known about the risk of a mass shooting and whether the theater had failed to protect patrons. If Cinemark had been found liable, the victims could have testified about their injuries and medical expenses before a separate jury tasked with assigning monetary amounts to their suffering.
Bern said that structure may have hurt his clients' case. But he said his appeal, which could lead to a new trial if successful, will focus on other types of excluded evidence.
The judge, for instance, did not allow Bern to tell jurors about a U.S. Department of Homeland Security memo released two months before the shooting that warned movie theaters could be targets for terrorist attacks.
Bern has said that memo should have put Cinemark on notice to improve its security.
The theater company spent more than $500,000 on five expert witnesses who testified in its defense during the trial, according to testimony. The plaintiffs called one expert witness in their case, who had been paid about $22,000.
"Unfortunately," Bern said about his clients, "I think they are going to have to wait some period of time before they get justice."
Taylor, though, said justice was done last August, when the gunman was sentenced to 12 consecutive life terms without the possibility of parole plus another 3,318 years — one of the longest prison sentences in American history.
That killer, he said after the verdict Thursday, was "completely unpredictable, unforeseeable, unpreventable and unstoppable." To put blame on Cinemark would have unjustly extended liability to businesses across the country for things they could not possibly predict, he said.
"The inescapable conclusion," Taylor said, "was that this was a horrible tragedy."
John Ingold: 303-954-1068, [email protected] or @johningold |||||
Output: | One of the nation's largest movie chains will not have to pay the victims of the 2012 Colorado movie theater shooting after a jury ruled in its favor Thursday, CBS Denver reports. According to the Denver Post, 28 plaintiffs comprised of victims wounded in the shooting and the families of the 12 people killed sued Cinemark, operator of the Century Aurora 16 theater, alleging the theater didn't do enough to prevent James Holmes' massacre. They argued the theater should have had armed security guards, silent alarms on exit doors, and security cameras behind the building. They also said there should have been perimeter patrols around the theater, the Denver Channel reports. “If the theater hadn’t failed…this tragedy would have been prevented,” says Marc Bern, an attorney for the plaintiffs. But the jury in the civil trial ruled unanimously that Cinemark had no reason to expect a mass shooting was imminent. Holmes' attack was the first mass shooting at a movie theater in the US. "If Cinemark is liable under these circumstances, every single business in the world will be held liable for what happens on their property, regardless of how foreseeable it is," the Post quotes an attorney for Cinemark as saying. Bern calls it an "unjust verdict." The victims argued that mass shootings are so common now that it's the responsibility of all businesses to be prepared for them. A second civil trial involving another batch of victims is scheduled for July. |
Read the text and determine if the sentence is true:
The lion's share of this traffic comes from Angola, where diamonds from the area controlled by UNITA (National Union for the Total Independence of Angola) rebels are subject to an embargo.
Sentence: Angola was subject to an embargo on the export of diamonds. | yes |
In this task, we ask you to elaborate the sentence without changing its general meaning. You can do so by explaining further the input sentence, using more precise wording, adding qualifiers and auxiliary information etc.
Q: Later , Greek legends told of sea voyages to Cilicia , where adventurers hoped to find the world 's most valuable saffron .
A: | Ancient Greek legends tell of brazen sailors embarking on long and perilous voyages to the remote land of Cilicia , where they traveled to procure what they believed was the world 's most valuable saffron . |
Multi-choice problem: Continue writing the next sentence in this paragraph:
The camera operator walks to the the vehicle the man and the boys are cleaning off and a boy runs in front of the lady. the boy
Choose your answer from: (A). practices on the sandbox, on his hands and knees as the lady cleans the other sand covered area. (B). wipes snow we see the building and we see the man with his snow removal tool. (C). walks the lady along the living room while she discusses the leak on the furniture. (D). gets off his bike and finishes cleaning the top and makes tracks. | (B). |
What was the question for this implicit rationale, and corresponding answer?
Newspaper contains the printed statement. Someone might have a statement printed at newspaper.
The answer: newspaper | The question: Where might someone have a statement printed?
Options:
- mail
- newspaper
- smartphone
- press release
- letter |
Detailed Instructions: In this task, we ask you to elaborate the sentence without changing its general meaning. You can do so by explaining further the input sentence, using more precise wording, adding qualifiers and auxiliary information etc.
Q: In positive psychology , researchers are studying what gives a person satisfaction in life .
A: | In positive psychology , social scientists study what might contribute to living a good life , or what would lead to people having increased positive mood and overall satisfaction with their life . |
Question: A woman was walking her dog along a beach in New Zealand in late June when she saw something that looked like a white ball in the sand. It turned out to be a young Emperor penguin that was lost. At his age, he should have been close to Antarctic, swimming for fish and playing on the ice floes . But this penguin started swimming north and just kept going. The penguin attracted a lot of attention in New Zealand. It has been 40 years since an Emperor penguin was last seen there. Researchers at the Department of Conservation were called in. They decided to watch the penguin closely, but not to disturb it in any way. Many New Zealanders came to Peka Peka Beach to look at the elegant penguin. They were careful to keep their dogs away from it so it wouldn't be frightened. The public nicknamed the animal Happy Feet. Researchers started to notice that Happy Feet didn't seem well. It turns out that he had been eating the sand from the beach, likely thinking it was snow. The public raised more than 11,000 pounds for an operation to get the sand out of his stomach. The operation was a success, and Happy Feet was taken to a zoo in Wellington, NZ. A group of experts met to decide how to help Happy Feet return to the wild. Last Sunday, they put him on a boat called the Tangaroa, in a specially built ice-filled box and took him out into the Southern Ocean, southeast of New Zealand. There, they released him into the ocean, which is his natural habitat. He took one last look at his human helpers and then dived into the ocean. "Emperor penguins spend their first five years at sea," said Peter Simpson of New Zealand's Department of Conservation. " What happens now is up to the penguin." Happy Feet was fitted with a satellite transmitter so they can monitor his progress using the Internet. So far, the trackers shows that he swam northeast for a little while before getting his bearings and heading south. Where is the young penguin supposed to appear? A) On the sunny beach. B) Near the Antarctic. C) Inside the hole in the ice. D) In the depths of the ocean.
Answer: | B |
Context:
Measure<br>John wanted to know how dogs could find electronic devices. He set up a test to measure the chemicals off-gassed by plastic. John used a sensitive device that could detect odors. He found plastic devices gave off a certain chemical as they decayed. John published his research in an esteemed science journal.
Hypothesis: John wanted to know how dogs could find electronic devices. He set up a test to measure the chemicals off-gassed by plastic. John used a sensitive device that could detect odors. He found plastic devices gave off a certain chemical as they decayed. John published his research in a celebrity gossip magazine OPTIONS:
- Yes
- It's impossible to say
- No
No
Input: OPTIONS:
- Yes
- It's impossible to say
- No
It may be that there should be consideration given to establishing a mixed claims tribunal with developed expertise in economic issues, or else to investing provincial supreme courts, which after all are permanent courts in the locality, with competence to adjudicate economic evidence on reference.
Sentence: Provincial supreme courts, are permanent courts locally
Output: Yes
Problem:
Read the following paragraph and determine if the hypothesis is true:
Lennart Askinger (born 22 May 1922 - 13 April 1995) was a Swedish football defender who played for AIK Fotboll in Allsvenskan for 7 seasons. Besides football Lennart also represented AIK in Bandy and Ice Hockey. He was married to Märta and they got two children named Jan and Jörgen. His wife Märta was cousin with the wife of Ivan Bodin.
OPTIONS:
- Yes
- It's impossible to say
- No
Hypothesis: Lennart played for 10 seasons.
****
Answer:
No
[Q]: Help to support Christian Aid by making a donation or you can attend events being held in Gainsborough. On Tuesday, May 15, a Cream Tea for Christian Aid will be served from 3pm to 5pm at All Saints Parish Church and tickets are now available from the All Saints Church Cafe and on Sunday, May 19, a number of events are taking place at St Stephen's Methodist Church from 8.30am. the only way to support support Christian aid is by making a donation or attending the event being held in Gainsborough. OPTIONS:
- Yes
- It's impossible to say
- No
[A]: It's impossible to say
Problem: "Who Killed Marilyn?" is a song by Glenn Danzig, about questions surrounding the death of actress Marilyn Monroe, with the titular question suggesting she was murdered. Though Danzig's first solo single, the song has since been included on various collections by Danzig's group The Misfits.
Based on the paragraph above can we conclude that ""Who Killed Marilyn?" was not originally released as part of a Misfits collection."? OPTIONS:
- Yes
- It's impossible to say
- No
A: Yes
Context:
How to write a personal history<br>Determine the audience. Depending on what you are applying for, the information you include in your personal statement will differ, often significantly. In order to ensure that you address pertinent subjects, you will want to know who you are writing for.
Hypothesis: you will want to know who you are reading for OPTIONS:
- Yes
- It's impossible to say
- No
| No |
Problem: A song proclaiming that United States president-elect Barack Obama is Irish has got more than 600,000 views on video sharing site YouTube, with many of those views coming after he was elected on November 4. "O'Leary, O'Reilly, O'Hare and O'Hara, There's no one as Irish as Barack O'Bama," states the song. "You don't believe me, I hear you say. But Barack's as Irish, as was JFK. His granddaddy's daddy came from Moneygall, a small Irish village, well known to you all".
Based on that paragraph can we say the following?
According to a song, Barack Obama is Irish.
****
Answer: yes
Problem: Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia - The Sunshine Coast Regional Council has formally ratified the rejection of the 24 hour McDonald's in Minyama. The decision comes after council rejected the proposal earlier this week at a general committee meeting. McDonald's forwarded an 11th hour compromise to deputy mayor Tim Dwyer in order to overturn the decision. The compromised had included reducing the opening hours to 6am to 10pm Sunday to Thursday and until 12am Friday and Saturday.
Based on that paragraph can we say the following?
Sunshine Coast Regional Council accepted McDonald's Australia development plans.
****
Answer: no
Problem: The pills were sold under store brands by Wal-Mart, CVS, Safeway and more than 120 other major retailers, the Food and Drug Administration said.
Based on that paragraph can we say the following?
The pills were commercialized by major retailers.
****
Answer: yes
Problem: Pakistani officials announced that two South African men in their custody had confessed to planning attacks at popular tourist spots in their home country.
Based on that paragraph can we say the following?
Two South Africans were arrested in Pakistan in the past week after a shoot-out at a house between al-Qaeda operatives and security forces.
****
Answer: | no |
Can we draw the following hypothesis from the context?
Context:
South Sea Rose is a 1929 American comedy-drama film distributed by the Fox Film Corporation and produced and directed by Allan Dwan. This picture was Dwan's second collaboration with star Lenore Ulric, their first being "Frozen Justice". Much of the cast and crew on "Frozen Justice" returned for this film.
Hypothesis: Dwan worked on the movie Frozen Justice. | Yes |
Definition: In this task, we ask you to elaborate the sentence without changing its general meaning. You can do so by explaining further the input sentence, using more precise wording, adding qualifiers and auxiliary information etc.
Input: The Wildrose Party was a conservative political party in Alberta , Canada .
Output: | The Wildrose Party ( legally Wildrose Political Association , formerly the " Wildrose Alliance Political Association " ) is a conservative provincial political party in Alberta , Canada . |
In this task, you will be presented with a passage and have to answer a question based on your understanding of the events inferred from the passage. Among the entities, try to find the best entity that is most likely to fill in "_" and classify the answers based on options.
One example: For four years we have waited expectantly for the pitter patter of tiny paws. Soon, that wait could finally be over. Tian Tian, the UK's only female giant panda, has conceived and could give birth to a cub as early as August. However Edinburgh Zoo, where the pandas live, have warned people 'not to get too excited' as the process is 'extremely complex'. Moreover, on the two previous occasions keepers inseminated Tian Tian - whose name means 'Sweetie' - she has failed to produce a panda cub. She was artificially inseminated again in March this year, but keepers at the zoo say implantation - when a fertilised egg attaches to the uterus - has not yet occurred.Tian Tian has conceived and could give birth to a cub as early as AugustShe has been inseminated twice before but so far failed to produce a cubTian Tian and Yang Guang arrived in 2011 from China to great fanfareOn loan at £600k a year, became first giant pandas to live in UK for 17 years
Questions:Under the terms of the agreement any cubs will return to _ at the age of two, the age at which they would normally leave their mother in the wild. (A) Tian Tian (B) UK (C) Edinburgh Zoo (D) Sweetie (E) Yang Guang (F) China
Solution is here: (F)
Explanation: This is a good example. Based on the passage, any cubs will return to China at the age of two
Now, solve this: Washington (CNN) President Donald Trump signed into law Wednesday morning legislation that levies new sanctions against Russia and restricts Trump's own ability to ease sanctions in place against Moscow. The bill is one of the first major pieces of legislation that was sent to Trump's desk, and it represents a rebuke of the President by giving Congress new veto power to block him from removing Russia sanctions. The White House announced the signing shortly after 11 a.m. ET, saying the bill includes "a number of clearly unconstitutional provisions" that "purport to displace the President's exclusive constitutional authority to recognize foreign governments, including their territorial bounds."The White House said the bill includes "a number of clearly unconstitutional provisions"Russia has reacted strongly to the bill, likening it to a "fully-fledged trade war"
Questions:"_ could not even negotiate a health care bill after seven years of talking. (A) Washington (B) CNN (C) Donald Trump (D) Russia (E) Trump (F) Moscow (G) Congress (H) White House
Solution: | (G) |
Imagine a question and stream-of-consciousness explanation for which this is the answer: kitchen cabinet | Question: From where would you normally take a cup when you're about to get a drink?
Options:
- dishwasher
- water fountain
- sand box
- toilet
- kitchen cabinet
Stream-of-consciousness: Kitchen cabinet is a cabinet, closet, or other piece of furniture with shelves intended for storing cookware, dishware, or food. We would normally take a Cup from kitchen cabinet when you're about to get a drink. |
You will be given a definition of a task first, then some input of the task.
In this task you will be given an answer to a question. You need to generate a question. The answer given should be a correct answer for the generated question.
Sawai Man Singh Medical College, also known as SMS Medical College, is a medical college in Jaipur, Rajasthan state, India. It was established in 1947 and was the 15th centre for medical education in India.
Output: | sawai man singh medical college and controller associated hospital |
Please answer the following question: A taxi driver taught me a million dollar lesson in customer satisfaction and expectation. Inspiring speakers charge thousands of dollars to give his kind of training to business managers and staff. It cost me only a$12 taxi ride. I had flown into Dallas just for the purpose of calling on a client. Time was important and my plan included a quick turn-around trip from and back to the airport. A clean taxi pulled up. The driver rushed to open the passenger door for me and made sure I was comfortably seated before he closed the door. As he got in the driver's seat, he mentioned that the neatly folded Wall Street Journal next to me was for my use. He then showed me several tapes and asked me what type of music I would enjoy. Well! I looked around for a "Watching Camera!" Wouldn't you? I could not believe the service I was receiving! I took the opportunity to say, "Obviously you take great pride in your work. You must have a story to tell." "You bet," he replied, "I used to be in Commercial America. But I got tired of that, thinking my best would never be good enough. I decided to find my right position in life, somewhere I could feel proud of being the best I could be. I knew I would never be a rocket scientist, but I love driving cars, being of service and feeling like I have done a full day's work and done it well. I evaluated my personal property and, I became a taxi driver! One thing I know for sure is that to be good in my business I can simply just meet the expectations of my passengers. However, to be great in my business, I have to go beyond the customers' expectations! I like both the sound and the return of being 'great' better than just getting by on average. " Did I tip him without hesitation? You bet! Commercial America's loss is the traveling folk's friend. The taxi driver taught me a great life lesson: Go an extra mile when providing any service to others. And there is no good or bad job and you can make any job good. It can be inferred from the story that_. A) the taxi driver couldn't accept just being average B) the author was anxious to get back to meet a client C) when the author waited for a taxi at the airport, he was not in a rush D) the taxi driver loved to play his favorite music during rides
Answer: | A |
Detailed Instructions: In this task, you are given a text of many news articles seperated by special token "|||||". Your task is to summarize them.
Problem:'Homeland' Star James Rebhorn Dead From Skin Cancer
Exclusive Details
" stardied at his home in New Jersey Friday night ... after a long battle with skin cancer ... TMZ has learned.Rebhorn's wife Rebecca tells us the actor was diagnosed with melanoma in 1992 ... and he's been getting treatments ever since.We're told his condition drastically worsened recently and he began receiving hospice care at his New Jersey home.Rebhorn has been acting for 5 decades ... he was awesome as' perpetually worried Dad in "."
He also appeared in "," "," and "." He was also the lawyer who put Jerry, George, Kramer and Elaine behind bars in the "" series finale.His wife Rebecca says James insisted on working despite his condition ... right through his theater performance in January.He was 65. ||||| The industry veteran, who passed away at home on Friday, played memorable supporting characters on film and TV.
James Rebhorn, the busy character actor who played the father of Claire Danes' troubled CIA officer Carrie Mathison on the Showtime drama Homeland, has died. He passed away on Friday, his agent Dianne Busch confirmed to The Hollywood Reporter. He was 65.
"He died from melanoma, which had been diagnosed in 1992," Busch stated. "He fought it all this time. He died Friday afternoon at his home in New Jersey, where he had been receiving hospice care for a week and a half."
PHOTOS: James Rebhorn's Career in Pictures
Rebhorn also had a recent recurring role on the USA Network hit White Collar as Special Agent Reese Hughes, head of the FBI's Manhattan white-collar crime unit.
During his prolific five-decade career, the Philadelphia native also was memorable as the district attorney that sent Jerry, Elaine, George and Kramer to jail on the Seinfeld finale in 1998 and as the prosecution’s FBI expert automotive witness in the hilarious film My Cousin Vinny (1992). He also had stints as attorneys on the David E. Kelley shows The Practice and Boston Legal and recurring roles on Third Watch, The Book of Daniel, Law & Order and Big Lake.
STORY: 6 Top Actors' Uncensored Tales in THR's Roundtable
Rebhorn played the school's headmaster Mr. Trask in Scent of a Woman (1992) and was President Signoff in The Adventures of Rocky & Bullwinkle (2000).
His vast film résumé also includes Silkwood (1983), The House on Carroll Street (1988), Desperate Hours (1990), Regarding Henry (1991), Shadows and Fog (1991), Basic Instinct (1992), Lorenzo's Oil (1992), Guarding Tess (1994), Independence Day (1996), The Game (1997), The Talented Mr. Ripley (1999), Snow Falling on Cedars (1999), Meet the Parents (2000), Far From Heaven (2002), Cold Mountain (2003), Real Steel (2011) and The Odd Life of Timothy Green (2012).
STORY: Hollywood Mourns Notable Character Actor James Rebhorn
Rebhorn was a mainstay of the Roundabout Theatre Company and most recently starred as a father stricken with Alzheimer's in Too Much, Too Much, Too Many, which opened in November at the Black Box Theatre in New York.
He appeared onstage in the original production of I'm Not Rappaport in 1985 and in the revivals of Our Town, The Man Who Had All the Luck, Dinner at Eight, Twelve Angry Men and Prelude to a Kiss.
He also was seen on the TV shows Kate & Allie, The Equalizer, Wiseguy, Enlightened and 30 Rock.
"USA Network is deeply saddened about the passing of James Rebhorn, who so brilliantly played Reese Hughes on White Collar. Our sympathies go out to his family, friends and loved ones," the TV network said in a statement.
Rebhorn is survived by his wife, Rebecca, and daughters Hanna and Emma. ||||| Tweet with a location
You can add location information to your Tweets, such as your city or precise location, from the web and via third-party applications. You always have the option to delete your Tweet location history. Learn more |||||
Solution: | James Rebhorn, a character actor known for playing Claire Danes' troubled father on Homeland, died at home in New Jersey on Friday at age 65, TMZ reports. The Philadelphia native had been battling skin cancer since his melanoma diagnosis in 1992. Rebhorn's prolific, five-decade career included a memorable role as the district attorney who sent Jerry and his pals to jail in the 1998 Seinfeld finale, says the Hollywood Reporter. He also took turns as an FBI witness in My Cousin Vinny and attorneys on The Practice and Boston Legal. His lengthy film resumé included Silkwood, Basic Instinct, Scent of a Woman, The Talented Mr. Ripley, and Meet the Parents. He was also a fixture at the Roundabout Theatre Company, where he recently played a father with Alzheimer's in Too Much, Too Much, Too Many at the Black Box Theatre in New York, and acted in revivals of Our Town and 12 Angry Men. "James Rebhorn, RIP," tweeted actor Patton Oswalt. "On behalf of all film buffs, we took for granted you'd always be there & be great, 'cause you always were." |
Question: I am a volunteer. I set out to help clean up the beach after a violent storm a year ago. The sight I saw was heartbreaking. The broken houses seemed to be crying. I couldn't describe how I felt. But something special among the debris turned my day around. I joined a club to clean up the beach after the storm last November. As I removed the debris from the beach, I noticed an object with shiny buttons in the wet sand. It was a jacket,and I was excited since Halloween was coming and I thought I had found a great costume . After picking it up, I was able to see that the jacket was from West Point , the United States Military Academy, and it had the name "deGavre" written inside. I realized the jacket might be important to someone. I decided to find the jacket's owner and return it. I called the West Point Museum, considering that if the family couldn't be found, the jacket should go there. The museum connected me with Kim McDermott, Director of Communications for the Academy's Association of Graduates. Kim soon ensured that the jacket had belonged to Chester Braddock deGavre, who was a 1933 graduate and a war hero, but passed away in 1993. I sent Kim a photo of the jacket and she posted it to the West Point Association of Graduates Facebook Page, asking if anyone could help us find the family. In less than two hours, someone had found and called the hero's wife, Teresa. Soon I started to receive personal messages from members of the deGavre family, their friends and others who were touched by the story and they found me on Facebook. Finding Chester deGavre's jacket and connecting to his family with the help of Facebook have been so meaningful to me. I've formed a bond with amazing people I might have never met. The author called the West Point Museum because he thought _ . A) the jacket was made there B) the jacket's owner worked there C) the workers there needed the jacket D) the jacket might be collected by the museum
Answer: D
Question: People in the United States love baseball. The best baseball players are stars. Great players are heroes. They are given a place in the baseball Hall of Fame. Roberto Clemente is in the Baseball Hall of Farm. He belongs there. For eight years in a row his batting average was over 300. He was batting champion four times. He was named most valuable player in 1966. He won the 1971 World Series for his team. His average in that series was 414. But to many people Roberto was a hero not just for his baseball playing, but for his life. He spent it helping others and he died helping others. He was born in Puerto Rico in 1934. His family was large. His parents worked hard to give their children the things they needed. He began to play baseball when he was young. He was so good that he was a star at the age of seventeen. At nineteen he joined a team in the United States. The next year he went to the Pittsburgh Pirates, and played in that team for eighteen years. Roberto took pride in his career. He was not easy to give up. He went on with the game and played his best even when he was hurt and was in pain. He was proud of his game. He used to say: "For me, I am the best baseball player in the world." He meant that he believed in himself. Roberto loved to help others. He found many ways to help people, both in the United States and in Puerto Rico. Later in 1972 there was an earthquake in Nicaragua. Many people were killed and a lot more were hurt. Many were homeless and hungry. Food and clothing were badly needed. Of course Roberto was one of the first to help. He formed a group to get the things that were needed. He was on the plane that was going to deliver them. The plane crashed in the sea near Puerto Rico. Roberto was killed, but his life still shines like a light in people's hearts. What kind of person can Roberto Clemente be described as? A) A man with a strong will. B) A great man with a simple heart. C) A proud and kind man. D) A successful man with a kind heart.
Answer: D
Question: Owls are some of the world's greatest hunters. From head to feet, owls' bodies are built to hunt. Scientists are studying all the things that make owls such great hunters. Most owls hunt at night. The birds have excellent hearing, which helps them find their next meal in the dark. Owls have one ear that is larger and set higher than the other. When an owl hears a sound, it listens closely. Is the sound lounder in its right ear or left ear? Does the upper or lower ear detect the sound first? The information helps the owl find the location of its prey without ever seeing it. Owls don't depend just on their hearing to hunt. After a sound draws an owl's attention, it zeroes in with sight. Many birds have eyes on either side of their heads. But an owl's eyes face forward, like a person's. Images from each eye combine to form a 3-D picture, similar to how we see. That helps owls better judge a prey's size, distance, and speed. An owl's eyes are so large that they can gather lots of light. That helps the owl see better when hunting at night. An owl's eyes are also fixed in their sockets . It can't roll them like we can. Instead, an owl keeps prey in its sight by turning its head. Owls can move their beads nearly upside down and turn them 270 degrees around. Their necks have 14 vertebrae . That's twice as many neck bones as a person has. The blood vessels thread through holes in an owl's vertebrae. The researchers found that these holes are very large so that the extra space provides an air cushion that protects the vessels. Detecting prey is only the first step for owls. Next they must catch their meals. An owl can fly inches over your head and you can't hear anything. The secret to owls' silent flight is their feathers. Fine "hairs" cover the surface of an owl's wing feathers. And the feathers' edges have soft barbs . Together, they make the sound of air rushing over the owl's wings quieter and less clear. The shortcoming of an owl's fixed eyes can be made up by its _ . A) large head B) strong legs C) body size D) flexible neck
Answer: | D |
Can we draw the following hypothesis from the context?
Context:
Guns of Diablo is a Metrocolor 1965 Western directed by Boris Sagal, starring Charles Bronson, Susan Oliver and Kurt Russell. Charles Bronson is a wagon scout (Linc Murdock), who runs into difficulties when he meets old flame Maria (Susan Oliver), now married to corrupt lawman Rance Macklin (Jan Merlin).
Hypothesis: Guns of Diablo stars Charles Bronson. | Yes |
Come up with a question and stream of consciousness reasoning that would justify this answer: crisp | The question is: What type of apples do people prefer?
Options:
- good to eat
- crisp
- grocery store
- good for
- farm
Stream of consciousness: Crisp means firm and crunchy. People generally prefer firm and crunchy apples.
|
*Question*
FFather was a hardworking man who delivered bread as a living to support his wife and three children. He spent all his evenings after work attending classes,hoping to improve himself so that he could one day find a better. paid job. Except. for Sundays, Father hardly ate a meal together with his family. He worked and studied very hard because he wanted to provide his family with the best that money could buy. Whenever the family complained that he was not spending enough time with them, he reasoned that he was doing all this for them. Though he often longed to spend more time with his family, he weighed his contribution to his family above everything else. The day came when the examination results were announced. To his joy, Father passed, and with distinctions too! Soon after, he was offered a good job as a senior supervisor which paid handsomely. Like a dream come true, Father could now afford to provide his family with life's little luxuries like nice clothing,fine food and vacation abroad. However, the family still did not get to see Father for most of the week. He continued to work very hard, hoping to be promoted to the position of manager. In fact, to make himself a worthily candidate for the promotion, he took another course in an open university. Again, whenever the family complained that he was not spending enough time with them, he reasoned that he was doing all this for them. Though he often longed to spend more time with his family, he weighed his contribution to his family above everything else. Father's hard work paid off and he was promoted. Happily, he decided to hire a maid to relieve his wife from her domestic tasks. He also felt that their three-room flat was no longer big enough. It would be nice for his family to be able to enjoy the facilities and comfort of a condominium. Having experienced the rewards of his hard work many times before, Father resolved to further his studies and work at being promoted again. The family still did not get to see much of him. In fact, sometimes Father... What CAN'T Father get through his hard work? A) Family time. B) Higher education. C) Better housing. D) Vacation abroad.
**Answer**
A
*Question*
Australian cities can keep their native wildlife -- but only if they can kick their habit of urban sprawl . That's the finding of a new study by leading Australian environmental researchers Jessica Sushinsky, Professor Hugh Possingham and Dr Richard Fuller of The University of Queensland. "While urban development usually reduces the number of birds in a city, building more compact cities and avoiding urban sprawl can slow these reductions greatly," says lead author Jessica Sushinsky. "Compact housing development leaves birds' homes untouched, leading to fewer losses of birds." The researchers surveyed native and wild birds in Brisbane's urban areas, including living and industrial areas, public parks and gardens, major roadways and airports. They then used statistical modeling to find out what will happen to the birds as the city grows. The first setting was compact growth -- where multiple homes are built on land that previously had only one house. The second setting was sprawling growth -- a familiar pattern where homes are built here and there beyond the city's current boundaries. The team's forecasts showed that a much greater diversity of species was lost over 20 years in the sprawling setting compared to the more compact setting. "Urban sprawl resulted in the disappearance of many urban-sensitive birds -- birds that only live in areas where there is native vegetation , such as parklands and woodlands," Ms Sushinsky says. "On the other hand, we found the city with the compact development attracted more birds because it kept more of its parks and green areas." Now the Queensland Government has adopted the more compact urban growth strategy, which, Dr Richard Fuller says, is good news for Australia's native birds. These birds are environmental specialists -- they need a particular environment to do well. "While compact development means smaller backyards, it can also make our entire cities more biodiverse," according to Dr Fuller. "The study shows that we should hold on to our green spaces instead of... What can we learn about the study from the passage? A) It is based on the statistics in the past. B) It is strongly against urban development. C) It criticizes the city environment in Brisbane. D) It suggests leaving more green spaces for birds.
**Answer**
D
*Question*
More and more birds are flying to settle at Qinghai Lake, one of the highest inland lakes in China, thanks to the protection efforts of local governments. Covering an area of over 4,000 square kilometers, Qinghai Lake is also the country's biggest salt-water lake. Located in Northwest China's Qinghai Province, the lake is famous for the two islands at its northwest point--Cormorant Island and Egg Island. The two islands have plenty of floating grass and various schools of fish, offering rich food sources for birds. The islands have become a paradise for different kinds of groups of birds and have been called 'Bird Islands'. Each March and April, when ice and snow covering the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau starts to melt, over 20 kinds of birds fly to the Bird Islands to lay eggs. During the months, flocks of birds cover the whole sky over the islands and birds eggs can be found everywhere. Visitors can hear the singing of birds from miles away. These have become a world famous symbol of the lake. To protect this paradise for birds and support calls for ecological protection, China set up the Qinghai Lake Natural Protection Zone at the end of 1997. Meanwhile, the State has pointed out the Bird Islands and Spring Bay of the Qinghai Lake as central protection zones. Inspection officials and management employees often patrol the lake, improving local residents' knowledge of related laws and spreading knowledge about animal protection to visitors. They are making great efforts to call on people to love and protect the birds. At the same time, they have built special fences around the island area, to prevent wolves, foxes and other carnivorous animals, as well as illegal hunters from breaking up the birds' nest-building, egg-laying and breeding. As a result, more and more birds are coming to the islands for sheltering and breeding. Why are more and more birds coming to the biggest salt-water lake in the Great Northwest? A) Because it is getting warmer and warmer. B) Because it is being reformed C) Because environments there are getting more and more agreeable for them to live in. D) Because the people there are becoming richer and richer
**Answer**
| C |
Can we draw the following hypothesis from the context?
Context:
The Southern Renaissance (also known as Southern Renascence) was the reinvigoration of American Southern literature that began in the 1920s and 1930s with the appearance of writers such as William Faulkner, Thomas Wolfe, Caroline Gordon, Elizabeth Madox Roberts, Katherine Anne Porter, Allen Tate, Tennessee Williams, Robert Penn Warren, and Zora Neale Hurston, among others.
Hypothesis: The Southern Renaissance occurred in Italy. | No |
Definition: In this task, you are given a question and a context passage. You have to answer the question based on the given passage.
Input: What was the thoughts about a certain event made her visits less palatable?, Context: Victoria visited mainland Europe regularly for holidays. In 1889, during a stay in Biarritz, she became the first reigning monarch from Britain to set foot in Spain when she crossed the border for a brief visit. By April 1900, the Boer War was so unpopular in mainland Europe that her annual trip to France seemed inadvisable. Instead, the Queen went to Ireland for the first time since 1861, in part to acknowledge the contribution of Irish regiments to the South African war. In July, her second son Alfred ("Affie") died; "Oh, God! My poor darling Affie gone too", she wrote in her journal. "It is a horrible year, nothing but sadness & horrors of one kind & another."
Output: | unpopular |
You will be given a passage, and your task is to generate a Yes/No question that is answerable based on the given passage.
One example is below.
Q: Powdered sugar, also called confectioners' sugar, icing sugar, and icing cake, is a finely ground sugar produced by milling granulated sugar into a powdered state. It usually contains a small amount of anti-caking agent to prevent clumping and improve flow. Although most often produced in a factory, powdered sugar can also be made by processing ordinary granulated sugar in a coffee grinder, or by crushing it by hand in a mortar and pestle.
A: is confectionary sugar the same as powdered sugar?
Rationale: The question is a yes/no question, and it is answerable based on the given passage.
Q: Maddy's mother, after therapy, reveals that right after Maddy's father (a police officer) and her brother died, Maddy got very sick, and her mother, not wanting to lose her, decided she had SCID, and needed to be kept away from the world. In the end, Maddy and Olly happily reunite in New York, where she sent him on a mini scavenger hunt in a used bookstore.
A: | does maddie die in the movie everything everything? |
Detailed Instructions: In this task, you will be presented with a context passage, a question about that paragraph, and a possible answer to that question. The task is to check the validity of the answer. Answer with "Yes" or "No".
See one example below:
Problem: Timothy likes to play sports. He spends his time after school playing basketball and baseball. Sometimes Timothy pretends he is a famous baseball pitcher for his favorite team with his friends. He plays with his friends Mandy and Andrew. Timothy also plays pretend when he is alone. He has an imaginary friend named Sean. Sean is an elephant who watches television with Timothy. Mandy likes playing baseball but she also likes to paint. Mandy's favorite class at school is art. She likes making pictures of flowers. Her teacher says she is a good artist. She painted a picture of a tree for her teacher. There were red and yellow leaves on it. It had apples on it. When Andrew goes home after baseball, he likes to eat a snack. He eats carrots and bananas. If he is a good boy his mom, Mrs. Smith, sometimes gives him milk and cookies. Afterwards, Andrew finishes his homework. <sep>Who does Timothy play with?<sep>Basketball and baseball
Solution: No
Explanation: Based on the passage Timothy plays with his friends Mandy and Andrew. So, the given answer is incorrect and the output should be "No".
Problem: Among the early blows struck for independence was a rebellion in the town of Olhão. On 16 June 1808, the townsfolk — armed with little more than ancient swords, spears, and stones — attacked and captured the local French garrison. It's said that a party of local men then set sail from Olhão all the way to Brazil, without maps or navigational aids, to tell the king of the insurrection. The real battle, however, was waged under the leadership of the Duke of Wellington, whose coalition forces expelled the French after two years of bitter fighting. The war left Portugal further weakened, and in 1822 its major empire outpost, Brazil, declared independence. At the same time, a dispute over the crown continually raged between Pedro IV, the absentee monarch who preferred to reign as Emperor of Brazil rather than return to Portugal, and his brother Miguel. The power struggle, with strong overtones of absolutism versus liberalism, excited the interest and intervention of other powers. With British help, Pedro defeated Miguel off Cape St. Vincent in 1833, and his expeditionary force marched to Lisbon. Pedro took the throne, though armed struggle continued for months and the lingering bitterness long after that. By 1892 Portugal, racked by wars and the continuing expense of maintaining its African colonies (including those of Mozambique and Angola), declared itself bankrupt. The seeds of discontent with absolutist rule were sown. Kingdom's End Bloodshed would haunt the remaining years of the Portuguese monarchy. On 1 February 1908, the royal family was riding in an open carriage along the Lisbon river front plaza, Terreiro do Paço, when an assassin opened fire and killed King Carlos and the heir to the throne, Prince Luis Filipe. The prince's younger brother, Prince Manuel, was also hit, but he survived and was thus propelled to the throne at the tender age of 19. Amid republican agitation, a surprise uprising led by elements within the armed forces deposed Manuel in 1910. Having ruled for less than three years, Manuel died in exile in 1932 in England. The sudden end of more than seven centuries of monarchy brought confusion and crisis to the country. Presidents and prime ministers were ushered into and out of office an unbelievable 45 times between 1910 and 1926, until a military revolution suspended Portugal's problematic democracy. <sep>Why did the townsfolk attack and capture the local French garrison in 1808?<sep>Because they did not have maps or navigational aids
Solution: | No |
Detailed Instructions: In this task, we ask you to elaborate the sentence without changing its general meaning. You can do so by explaining further the input sentence, using more precise wording, adding qualifiers and auxiliary information etc.
See one example below:
Problem: The Inheritance Cycle is a series of fantasy books written by Christopher Paolini.
Solution: The Inheritance Cycle is a tetralogy of young adult high fantasy novels written by American author Christopher Paolini.
Explanation: The output sentence elaborates on the input sentence without changing its general meaning e.g. "tetralogy of young adult high fantasy novels".
Problem: Christian metal , also known as ' white metal ' , is a form of heavy metal music which a Christian band makes to praise Jesus .
Solution: | Christian metal , also known as white metal , Jesus metal or heavenly metal , is a form of heavy metal music usually defined by its message using song lyrics as well as the dedication of the band members to Christianity . |
** Restaurant is another name of eatery where people go to eat.
restaurant
** What is another name for eatery?
Options:
- commercial building
- drinkery
- mall
- town
- restaurant
Detailed logic: A person tends to feels worried when his dog runs away. Being constantly sad and worried means being depressed.
become depressed
Question for this logic: When the person realized his dog ran away, how did he feel?
Options:
- become depressed
- park
- pay bills
- promise to do
- welcome change
Logic ==> You’ll learn means to start to understand that you must change the way you behave. The teacher got frustrated at the wrong answer, he told the thick headed student "if you just listen, you’ll learn.".
you'll learn
Question ==> The teacher got frustrated at the wrong answer, he told the thick headed student "if you just listen..." what?
Options:
- you'll learn
- hear things
- win the lottery
- stop speaking
- concentrate on sounds
** Buying more things leads to possessing more. Possessing more is a pathological need. Possessing more results in having more things.
possessing more
** Some people just keep on buying things, showing that they have a pathological need to do what?
Options:
- having to pay for
- now own
- using money
- horde
- possessing more
Detailed logic: Enlightenment is feeling that artist have when he completes his work fully and gets satisfaction from his creation.
enlightenment
Question for this logic: If I am creating art and have completed it to satisfaction, what is my feeling?
Options:
- enlightenment
- tired
- frustration
- relax
- controversy
** New york city is home to more galleries and more major art institutions than any other.
new york city
** | If someone was a huge art buff and wanted to see many a gallery in one trip, where might one suggest they visit?
Options:
- website
- art museum
- new york city
- london
- downtown area |
Input: OPTIONS:
- Yes
- It's impossible to say
- No
The Peanuts Section<br>My license expired a few days ago, so I had to go to the DMV. I waited in line for what seemed like an eternity. When I told the woman I needed a license renewed, she gave me a look. Then she clicked her tongue and said the weight needed to be updated. Thanks for the boost of confidence, DMV lady.
Sentence: The person waited in line for a long time, it would seem.
Output: Yes
Problem:
Read the following paragraph and determine if the hypothesis is true:
downton abbey<br>Rachael really wanted Amy to watch downton abbey. It was a show that took place in the 20th century. Amy finally agreed to watch this show. Once she started watching it she was hooked. They would then have parties where they would watch it together.
OPTIONS:
- Yes
- It's impossible to say
- No
Hypothesis: Downton Abbey was a popular movie series like James Bond.
****
Answer:
No
[Q]: How to braise lettuce<br>Prepare the lettuce. First take sweet romaine lettuce and discard any wilting or unhealthy looking leaves. Using a sharp knife, cut ½ of stem off the lettuce. Using a dull knife to cut off the stem of the lettuce is ok. OPTIONS:
- Yes
- It's impossible to say
- No
[A]: It's impossible to say
Problem: Lastly, the author uses the precedent of marijuana legalization in other countries as evidence that legalization does not solve any social problems, but instead creates them.
Based on the paragraph above can we conclude that "The narrator is implying that legalizing marijuana creates problems"? OPTIONS:
- Yes
- It's impossible to say
- No
A: Yes
Q: Devil's Due was filmed in 2014
Devil's Due is a 2014 American found footage psychological horror film directed by Matt Bettinelli-Olpin and Tyler Gillett, and written by Lindsay Devlin. The film stars Allison Miller, Zach Gilford, and Sam Anderson. The film was released on January 17, 2014.
OPTIONS:
- Yes
- It's impossible to say
- No
A: It's impossible to say
Q: Scientists and engineers in the APL Space Department have contributed to ocean remote sensing science and technology for more than 1/8 of a century.
Scientists and engineers in the APL Space Department have contributed to ocean remote sensing science and technology for more than a quarter century.
OPTIONS:
- Yes
- It's impossible to say
- No
A: | Yes |
Can we draw the following hypothesis from the context?
Context:
Beginners is a 2010 American romantic comedy-drama film written and directed by Mike Mills. It tells the story of Oliver, a man reflecting on the life and death of his father, Hal, while trying to forge a new romantic relationship with a woman, Anna, dealing with father issues of her own. The film is based on the true-life coming out of Mills' father at the age of 75, five years before his death.
Hypothesis: The film got a lot of views | It's impossible to say |
Instructions: In this task, you are given a text of many news articles seperated by special token "|||||". Your task is to summarize them.
Input: With the meeting of President Trump and Kim Jong-un of North Korea on Tuesday in Singapore, human rights groups are watching for Mr. Trump to bring up North Korea’s widespread crimes against humanity.
Mr. Kim rules with extreme brutality, making his nation among the worst human rights violators in the world.
In North Korea, these crimes “entail extermination, murder, enslavement, torture, imprisonment, rape, forced abortions and other sexual violence, persecution on political, religious, racial and gender grounds, the forcible transfer of populations, the enforced disappearance of persons and the inhumane act of knowingly causing prolonged starvation,” concluded a 2014 United Nations report that examined North Korea.
Here are some of the atrocities that have happened there.
A network of prison gulags
Many North Koreans live in fear. That is by design, and it is reinforced by the country’s ruthless police state. ||||| Focused crawls are collections of frequently-updated webcrawl data from narrow (as opposed to broad or wide) web crawls, often focused on a single domain or subdomain. |||||
Output: | President Trump filled in more details on his summit with Kim Jong Un at a press conference in Singapore on Tuesday—and it appears that a major North Korean demand has been met. Trump said that the "very provocative" war games with South Korea will come to an end, Reuters reports. Trump said stopping the games, which have long infuriated Pyongyang, will help denuclearization efforts. "The war games are very expensive, we pay for the majority of them," Trump told reporters, adding that "under the circumstances" of the current negotiations, the military exercises are "inappropriate." In other coverage: Human rights. Trump said he discussed human rights with Kim, and said the thousands of prisoners in North Korean gulags would be among those to benefit from the talks, the Guardian reports. "They will be doing things. He wants to do the right thing." The New York Times notes Kim's regime has engaged in "extermination, murder, enslavement, torture, imprisonment, rape, forced abortions and other sexual violence, persecution on political, religious, racial and gender grounds, the forcible transfer of populations, the enforced disappearance of persons and the inhumane act of knowingly causing prolonged starvation," according to a 2014 United Nations report. US soldiers in South Korea. Trump said the issue of American troops in South Korea didn't come up, though he would be happy to bring them home. "I want to get our soldiers out. I want to bring our soldiers back home," he said. "But that's not part of the equation right now. I hope it will be eventually." |
In this task, we ask you to elaborate the sentence without changing its general meaning. You can do so by explaining further the input sentence, using more precise wording, adding qualifiers and auxiliary information etc.
Example: The Inheritance Cycle is a series of fantasy books written by Christopher Paolini.
Example solution: The Inheritance Cycle is a tetralogy of young adult high fantasy novels written by American author Christopher Paolini.
Example explanation: The output sentence elaborates on the input sentence without changing its general meaning e.g. "tetralogy of young adult high fantasy novels".
Problem: Oxygen saturation or dissolved oxygen ( DO ) is a relative measure of the amount of oxygen that is dissolved in a given medium .
| Solution: Oxygen saturation ( symbol S ) is a relative measure of the concentration of oxygen that is dissolved or carried in a given medium as a proportion of the maximal concentration that can be dissolved in that medium . |
Can we draw the following hypothesis from the context?
Context:
Robert Mills Delaney, sometimes incorrectly spelled Delany (1903-1956) was an American composer. He studied with Nadia Boulanger and Arthur Honegger in Paris, and was best known for his 1928 choral symphony, John Brown's Song, based on Stephen Benet's Pulitzer Prize winning poem "John Brown's Body".
Hypothesis: His choral symphony took place in 1928. | Yes |
As leaders gather in Argentina ahead of this weekends regional talks, Hugo Chávez, Venezuela's populist president, is using an energy windfall to win friends and promote his vision of 21st-century socialism.
Question: Chávez is a follower of socialism.
yes
Two British soldiers have been arrested in the southern Iraq city of Basra, sparking clashes outside a police station where they are being held.
Question: Two British soldiers' imprisonment prompted UK troops to storm a police station.
no
The President George Bush administration, on Friday, ordered the sale of 30 million barrels of crude oil from the government's emergency stockpile to halt runaway oil prices triggered by Hurricane Katrina.
Question: European nations were considering releasing oil reserves to help the United States after Hurricane Katrina.
| no |
Generate a context and a hypothesis.
Answer: Context: Based upon this possibility and given that the government has wasted almost $1 billion on cancellation fees and will spend much more on lawsuits, will the government attempt to save the Canadian taxpayer a large sum of money by purchasing the same helicopter for both search and rescue and maritime operations - in other words, return to commonality?
Hypothesis: The government is full of crooks.
Generate a context and a hypothesis.
Answer: Context: How to dismount a horse<br>Make sure the horse is still and calm. Never dismount until the horse has stopped moving completely. If the horse is spooked or inexperienced, calm it before dismounting.
Hypothesis: You should make sure the horse is not calm before dismounting
Generate a context and a hypothesis.
Answer: Context: In part that can explain the reason why, although we have implemented free trade agreements, they have not been as good as they can become because the Government of Canada has actually impeded and impaired the ability of the Canadian private sector to be competitive with its counterpart south of the border because it has not done much with removing the interprovincial trade barriers that hamstring them so badly.
Hypothesis: The Government of Canada regrets its participation in at least one free trade agreement.
Generate a context and a hypothesis.
Answer: | Context: Walpeup is a town in the Mallee region of north west Victoria. The town is in the Rural City of Mildura local government area and on the Mallee Highway and Pinnaroo railway line between Ouyen and the South Australian border, 458 km north west of the state capital, Melbourne and 130 km south west of the regional centre of Mildura. At the 2016 census , Walpeup had a population of 158.
Hypothesis: it has never snowed in walpeup |
Ques: We always read reports about costs of oil going up and we will think this is our most valuable material. However, water is the most valuable resource . People in the Middle East are more worried about this than oil. Maybe the next war will be about water. In the future, to control the quality and quantity , you will use different water for different usages. The water used to wash your car, water your flowers or wash your clothes doesn't need to be as clean as the water you drink. One in five people live in countries without enough fresh water and in 25 years, the number is believed to be one in every three people. Our world population is increasing. What do you suppose this will suggest for us in the future? Population control? Traditional management of the water industry has been out of date since the 1990s. When technologies develop so rapidly in the world, we have loads of information for technologies in the business world, but in the water industry we don't have any. Britain and France have already taken measures to successfully improve their water industries. All the water services in Britain have been provided by private companies since 1991. Since then, improvement has been made in the rules for their water quality and pricing. What can you do now for the future? Using water more efficiently in your house can make a great difference not only to the world but to your money. Even if you don't have to pay much now, you will when you start to pay big prices for different water usages. Britain has improved their water quality by _ . A) raising the price of water. B) reducing water pollution. C) changing the management of the water industry. D) opening more private companies for water services.
Ans: C
Ques: Reading is the key to school success and, like any skill, it takes practice. A child learns to walk by practicing until he no longer has to think about how to put one foot in front of the other. An excellent sportsman practices until he can play quickly, correctly and without thinking. Educators call it "automaticity ". www.ks5u.com A child learns to read by sounding out the letters and finding the meaning of the words. With practice, he stumbles less and less, reading by the phrase . With automaticity, he doesn't have to think about the meaning of words, so he can give all his attention to the meaning of the text. It can begin as early as first grade. In a recent study of children in Illinois schools, Alan Rossman of Northwestern University found that automatic readers in the first grade not only read almost three times as fast as the others, but also got better results in exams. According to Rossman, the key to automaticity is the amount of time a child spends reading , not his IQ. Any child who spends at least 3.5 to 4 hours a week reading books, magazines or newspapers will probably reach automaticity. It can happen if a child turns off TV just one night for reading at home. You can test yourself by reading something new which is suitable for your level. If you read aloud with expression, with a sense of the meaning of the sentences, you probably are an automatic reader. If you read brokenly, one word at a time, without expression or meaning, you need more practice. Rossman tells that any child who_will possibly be an automatic reader. A) turns off TV one night 4 weeks B) reads books by the word quickly C) spends an hour reading every day D) gets the same grades as others in exams
Ans: C
Ques: The traditional distinction between products that satisfy needs and those satisfy wants is no longer adequate to describe classes of products. In today's prosperous societies, the distinction has become unclear because so many wants have been turned into needs.A writer, for instance, can work with paper and pencils. These are legal needs for the task.But the work can be done more quickly and efficiently with a word processor. Thus a computer is soon viewed as a need rather than a want. In the field of marketing, consumer goods are classed according to the way in which they are purchased.The two main classes are convenience goods and shopping goods.Two lesser types are specialty goods and unsought goods. It must be emphasized that all of these types are based on the way shoppers think about products, not on the nature of the products themselves. What is regarded as a convenience item in France(wine,for example)should be a specialty goods in the United States. People do not spend a great deal of time shopping for such convenience items as groceries, newspapers, toothpaste, aspirin, and candy. The buying of convenience goods may be done routinely, as some families buy groceries once a week. Such regularly purchased items are called staples. Sometimes convenience products are bought without enough thinking; someone has a sudden desire for an ice cream sundae on a hot day. Or they may be purchased as emergency items. Shopping goods are items for which customers search. They compare prices. quality, and styles, and may visit a number of stores before making a decision.Buying an automobile is often done this way. Shopping goods fail into two classes:those that are recognized as basically the same and those that are regarded as different. Items that are looked upon as basically the same include such things as home appliances, television sets, and automobiles.Having decided on the model desired, the customer is primarily interested in getting the item at the most favorable price. Items regarded as essentially... Shopping goods that are considered as basically the same are those that _ . A) consumers don't care where to buy them B) consumers spend much time searching for C) meet similar needs of the consumers D) can be found in nearly every shop
Ans: C
Ques: It is difficult for doctors to help a person with a damaged brain. Without enough blood, the brain lives for only three to five minutes. More often the doctors can't fix the damage. Sometimes they are afraid to try something to help because it is dangerous to work on the brain. The doctors might make the person worse if he operates on the brain. Dr. Robert White, a famous professor and doctor, thinks he knows a way to help. He thinks doctors should make the brain very cold. If it is very cold, the brain can live without blood for 30 minutes. This gives the doctor a longer time to do something for the brain. Dr. White tried his idea on 13 monkeys. First he taught them to do different jobs, and then he operated on them. He made the monkeys' blood go through a machine. The machine cooled the blood. Then the machine sent the blood back to the monkeys' brains. When the brain's temperature was 10degC, Dr. White stopped the blood to the brain. After 30 minutes he turned the blood back on. He warmed the blood again. After their operations the monkeys were like they had been before. They were healthy and busy. Each one could still do the jobs the doctor had taught them. The biggest difficulty in operating on the damaged brain is that _ . A) the time is too short for doctors B) the patients are often too nervous C) the damage is extremely hard to fix D) the blood-cooling machine might break down
Ans: | A |
Instructions: In this task, you are given Wikipedia articles on a range of topics, we ask you to write a question based on the content of the articles that can be answered in a binary manner i.e. True or False.
Input: Laura Prepon -- Laura Prepon (born March 7, 1980) is an American actress, director, and author. She rose to fame with her role as Donna Pinciotti in the Fox sitcom That '70s Show (1998--2006). She is perhaps best known for her portrayal of Alex Vause in the Netflix original comedy-drama series Orange Is the New Black (2013--present). Prepon made her film debut in 2001 with the independent drama Southlander. Her other films include the romantic drama Come Early Morning (2006), the comedy Lay the Favorite (2012), the thriller The Girl on the Train (2016), and the drama The Hero (2017).
Output: | is alex vause donna from that 70s show |
** England is a country. There are red telephone boxes in england.
england
** People needed to find a red telephone box in the country side, where are they looking?
Options:
- restaurant
- england
- city on street corner
- the doctor
- london
Detailed logic: Freedom of expression, speech and information is a judicial right in a democratic country. One can find all kinds of information online. When one is unable to access some information, one gets frustrated. In such cases, the person's freedom to information is hindered.
freedom of information
Question for this logic: The person was frustrated when she couldn't find what she was looking for online, what did she desire?
Options:
- food and water
- acknowledgment
- freedom of information
- information
- freedom of expression
Logic ==> Outside is all the open area on the planet. Bald eagles like to live in any open area.
outside
Question ==> Where on the planet would you expect a bald eagle to live?
Options:
- colorado
- outside
- protection
- zoo exhibit
- world
** Animals are living beings. Living beings alone have blood in their body. Species are a group of living beings.
animals
** what other species have blood other than humans?
Options:
- vampires
- person
- soccer game
- capillaries
- animals
Detailed logic: Meditate is to focus one’s mind for a period of time. The class was billed to improve; the instructor told everybody to close their eyes and meditate.
meditate
Question for this logic: The class was billed as a way to improve yourself, the instructor told everybody to close their eyes and what?
Options:
- meditate
- celebrate
- plot the teacher's destruction
- eat better
- feel better about yourself
** Two signifies two people playing games. mostly, people play games with their friend. One can visit a friend's house to play games.
friend's house
** | The two played video games all night in the living room, he enjoyed visiting where?
Options:
- formal seating
- friend's house
- movies
- home
- apartment |
Detailed Instructions: In this task, you are given a question and a context passage. You have to answer the question based on the given passage.
Q: Why did the academic pursuits of science come into being?, Context: Scientific academies and societies grew out of the Scientific Revolution as the creators of scientific knowledge in contrast to the scholasticism of the university. During the Enlightenment, some societies created or retained links to universities. However, contemporary sources distinguished universities from scientific societies by claiming that the university's utility was in the transmission of knowledge, while societies functioned to create knowledge. As the role of universities in institutionalized science began to diminish, learned societies became the cornerstone of organized science. Official scientific societies were chartered by the state in order to provide technical expertise. Most societies were granted permission to oversee their own publications, control the election of new members, and the administration of the society. After 1700, a tremendous number of official academies and societies were founded in Europe, and by 1789 there were over seventy official scientific societies. In reference to this growth, Bernard de Fontenelle coined the term "the Age of Academies" to describe the 18th century.
A: | Scientific Revolution |
Read the text and determine if the sentence is true:
Vanunu, 49, was abducted by Israeli agents and convicted of treason in 1986 after discussing his work as a mid-level Dimona technician with Britain's Sunday Times newspaper.
Sentence: Vanunu's disclosures in 1968 led experts to conclude that Israel has a stockpile of nuclear warheads.
Pick from: (a). yes (b). no
A: | (b). |
Given the task definition and input, reply with output. In this task, you will be presented with a passage and have to answer a question based on your understanding of the events inferred from the passage. Among the entities, try to find the best entity that is most likely to fill in "_" and classify the answers based on options.
Washington (CNN) Sen. Marco Rubio, a longtime hawk on Syria, praised the US airstrike on a Syrian airfield days after a chemical attack on innocents attributed to Syrian President Bashar al-Assad. Following news that President Donald Trump had green-lit the US action, Rubio said Thursday on CNN's "Anderson Cooper 360" that Russia could not fairly criticize the military strike because Russia backed Assad -- who is accused of perpetrating the attack on his own people. "They have no standing to say anything about this," Rubio said of the Russians. He said that the move doesn't just send a message, but amounts to a "significant degrading" of Assad's ability to carry out chemical attacks.Rubio said Russians had put themselves into harm's wayHe said the strikes indicated a firm US stance against Assad's reign
Questions:In 2013, Rubio did not support authorizing a military strike against Assad after Obama called for congressional approval in the wake of _ unleashing chemical weapons on his people. (A) Washington (B) CNN (C) Marco Rubio (D) Syria (E) US (F) Syrian (G) Bashar al (H) Assad (I) Donald Trump (J) Rubio (K) Anderson Cooper 360 (L) Russia (M) Russians
| (H) |
Input: OPTIONS:
- Yes
- It's impossible to say
- No
Naser Mestarihi EP is the eponymous debut EP of Doha based hard rock guitarist Naser Mestarihi. The release of the album marked the first official release of a rock album out of Qatar. All the lyrics and music on the album were written by Mestarihi, who also plays all the instruments with the exception of the drums.
Sentence: Mestarihi does not have his name on the first rock album released out of Qatar.
Output: No
Problem:
Read the following paragraph and determine if the hypothesis is true:
A Man Apart is a 2003 American vigilante action film directed by F. Gary Gray and released by New Line Cinema. The film stars Vin Diesel and Larenz Tate. The story follows undercover DEA agent Sean Vetter who is on a vendetta to take down a mysterious drug lord named Diablo after his wife is murdered. The film was released in the United States on April 4, 2003.
OPTIONS:
- Yes
- It's impossible to say
- No
Hypothesis: Sean Vetter succeeded in taking down Diablo.
****
Answer:
It's impossible to say
[Q]: Albert “The Hurricane” Kraus (born August 3, 1980 in Oss) is a Dutch welterweight kickboxer. He was the first K-1 World MAX Tournament Champion in 2002 and also the first SUPERKOMBAT Middleweight Champion. Kraus has also held four separate world titles in kickboxing and Muay Thai. He is currently fighting out of Super Pro Gym in GLORY. Albert Kraus was the second K-1 champion. OPTIONS:
- Yes
- It's impossible to say
- No
[A]: No
Problem: Emma Catherine Rigby (born 26 September 1989) is an English actress. She is best known for playing the role of Hannah Ashworth in long-running soap opera "Hollyoaks", Gemma Roscoe in BBC One drama series "Prisoners' Wives" and as the Red Queen in American fantasy-drama "Once Upon a Time in Wonderland."
Based on the paragraph above can we conclude that "Emma Rigby is famous for being on soap operas"? OPTIONS:
- Yes
- It's impossible to say
- No
A: Yes
Q: Peter Franklin Paul (born September 2, 1948 has repeatedly brought suit against another person, accusing her of lying about donations he solicited on behalf of her 2000 senatorial campaign.
Peter Franklin Paul (born September 2, 1948) is a former lawyer and entrepreneur who was convicted for conspiracy and drug dealing, and later for securities fraud in connection with his business dealings with "Spider-Man" co-creator Stan Lee. He has repeatedly brought suit against Hillary Clinton, accusing her of lying about donations he solicited on behalf of her 2000 senatorial campaign.
OPTIONS:
- Yes
- It's impossible to say
- No
A: Yes
Q: Proctor is located near the North Carolina-South Carolina border.
Proctor is a former town located in Swain County, North Carolina, U.S.A. It was on Hazel Creek. It is named after Moses Proctor, first white settler to this area. The town was flooded by Fontana Lake, which was created by the construction of the Fontana Dam, and remains submerged unless lake levels are very low.
OPTIONS:
- Yes
- It's impossible to say
- No
A: | It's impossible to say |
Problem: What happens next in this paragraph?
How to bleach wood
Wash your wood thoroughly.
Never apply bleach to dirty wood. Before bleaching your wood, wipe the wood down with water using a soft rag.
OPTIONS:
- Give the wood a thorough scrub to make sure all the dust and dirt is removed. Clean all surfaces after bleaching.
- Pat it dry and shake out any excess water. It's best to leave your wood alone for several hours before you begin bleaching it because washing it away can damage the wood's integrity.
- After washing your wood, hang it somewhere out of the way to avoid leaving it in direct sunlight. Be sure to rinse clean the following day.
- Remove any stuck on dirt or debris carefully and then let the wood sit out to dry. Usually, the wood will need to dry for one to two days before it can be bleached.
A: Remove any stuck on dirt or debris carefully and then let the wood sit out to dry. Usually, the wood will need to dry for one to two days before it can be bleached.
They briefly wrestle while one man gets thrown out of the ring. The winner performs a hand signal with the referee. the loser
OPTIONS:
- picks up the fallen wrestler.
- takes his turn and throws the hammer.
- throws the ball on the ground.
- walks in the back as they show a replay of the win.
walks in the back as they show a replay of the win.
question: Complete the next sentence:
There are several people gathered in an outdoor gymnasium. there
OPTIONS:
- are people standing and seated in the bleachers watching about twelve band students performing.
- are teams playing various sport in darts, tennis, volleyball and lacrosse.
- 's a woman on a silver weight lifting machine and a man on a green background, and now he is talking to a young women sitting on a bench and then they're all watching as she tries to lift the heavy thing.
- 's a dark coach wearing a black hoodie demonstrating karate moves and techniques called tai chi.
answer: are people standing and seated in the bleachers watching about twelve band students performing.
Problem: Write the next sentence for:
How to prevent bad breath
Brush your teeth properly.
Brushing your teeth properly is one of the best things you can do in your fight against bad breath. Brush at least twice a day, for at least two minutes and make sure to cover all the areas in your mouth.
OPTIONS:
- This helps to clean your teeth and prevents bad breath. Before bed, make sure you brush your tongue, which should also be clean.
- Brush until your gums feel soft and clean. Before you start brushing, brush your tongue and teeth to ensure that your teeth are clean and ready for brushing.
- Especially focus on where the teeth meet the gums. Use a soft bristled brush and replace it every three to four months.
- Brushing the gums helps to prevent the buildup of plaque and cholesterol. Brush your teeth for about 20 seconds on a regular basis..
Next sentence: Especially focus on where the teeth meet the gums. Use a soft bristled brush and replace it every three to four months.
context: How to remove paint from concrete
Prepare the concrete surface.
Use a broom or shop vacuum to remove all dirt or debris. If possible, remove any loose paint from concrete with a scraper or brush.
OPTIONS:
- If you have not been listening to sounds, construction noise may be disrupting your cleanup. Even an occasional pitting of paint sometimes distracts people from their projects, allowing you to concentrate on working while waiting for it to be removed.
- Also, if you have allow for removal time (e.g., a few hours), start by making sure the concrete surface is completely dry before you begin. Pouring water on concrete will further loosen the paint.
- If possible, wear a smock when cleaning concrete surface. For example, look for marks, scratches, or holes on concrete that go through beams, fasteners, roofers, and other material.
- Apply a chemical paint stripper to the concrete surface. The type of stripper you should use depends on the type of paint you are trying to remove, such as water-based or oil-based paint.
****
next sentence for the context: Apply a chemical paint stripper to the concrete surface. The type of stripper you should use depends on the type of paint you are trying to remove, such as water-based or oil-based paint.
Problem: What happens next in this paragraph?
How to read a soccer penalty shot if you're a goalie
Watch the shooter's eyes.
Before a shooter makes his penalty kick, he'll likely size up the situation and decided on a direction in which to take his shot. Watching the shooter's eyes can cue you in to where he plans to kick the soccer ball.
OPTIONS:
- The eyes serve as a guide since the goalie won't be able to accurately gauge which direction the ball will travel. It's also much easier to see a goalie shooting a penalty kick if he's holding a tennis ball in his hand.
- Here's a refresher on how to spot the goalie's eyes : Look at his chest. He usually has one arm in front of him, but you can watch his chest as well.
- If a shooter continually looks at a certain area of the goal, this could be where he intends to kick the ball. A shooter's eye may also give smaller clues.
- Make some notes about how the shooter signals. Studies have shown that while defenders are more prone to eye contact, goalies are more observant of their players.
A: | If a shooter continually looks at a certain area of the goal, this could be where he intends to kick the ball. A shooter's eye may also give smaller clues. |
IN: Write the next sentence in this paragraph:
People are walking on stilts on mats. a man
OPTIONS:
- jumps over a bar in stilts.
- plays drums moving with his arms.
- does a little karate move.
- in a black shirt is standing in front of them.
OUT: jumps over a bar in stilts.
Question:
Multi-choice problem: Continue writing the next sentence for the following:
A person is washing their hands as the words "tutorial: how to wash your hands" appears on screen. A continuous scroll of instructions crawls across the bottom of the screen. someone washing their hands improperly
OPTIONS:
- dumps some white liquid into their hand.
- flashes across at the end.
- is shown with the words " how not to wash your hands:-(".
- appears on a green background when a man sitting on the bench brings his hand up to his mouth and screams out in fear.
****
Answer:
is shown with the words " how not to wash your hands:-(".
Problem: What happens next in this paragraph?
How to finance a car
Find out how much you can afford up front.
If you know the ballpark value of what you want to pay for a vehicle, and how much you can afford to pay in cash, you will know about how much you will need to finance.
Maximize your down payment.
OPTIONS:
- This means having more room for renewals or replacement costs. If there is money on your credit card balance, it's necessary to put some money on your debit card.
- A smart way to finance a car is to get as much of a down payment as you can. The more you can pay at the beginning of a deal, the less you will have to pay in interest.
- If you plan to buy a car, look into why you will need to finance it. Do you want to keep your monthly spending within, up to, six months? Small down payments like $200 usd may be enough to save up for the first few months after you purchase the car.
- You can optimize your down payment by taking into account your rental costs and the kind of car you want to buy. Be aware of how much may be covered by your car loan.
A: A smart way to finance a car is to get as much of a down payment as you can. The more you can pay at the beginning of a deal, the less you will have to pay in interest.
He shoots an arrow and grabs another one from behind hm and gets ready to shoot again. He pulls back the string on the bow and releases it along with the arrow. he
OPTIONS:
- shoots the bow again and shoots from behind hm.
- leaves the kit behind on the wall and reaches for another arrow.
- misses his bow again.
- continues this routine over and over, practicing for perfection.
continues this routine over and over, practicing for perfection.
question: Complete the next sentence:
How to keep cooked broccoli bright green
Be careful not to steam green vegetables.
Green vegetables contain chlorophyll, when chlorophyll is cooked, it produces carbon dioxide. Since you have to cover the vegetables to steam them, the chlorophyll turns a drab, grayish color.
OPTIONS:
- Do not steam green vegetables if you live in a climate with conditions affected by cold. Cut your broccoli into pieces if you have any greens on your salads and pack them into a steaming bowl.
- Let the broccoli stand in the steam room for thirty minutes. The broccoli should start emitting a green color in approximately one week.
- You can prevent this by boiling the greens, in salted water. Use a large amount of water, then add salt.
- This will affect how bright and impressive your broccoli will be. Make your own broccoli sauce.
answer: You can prevent this by boiling the greens, in salted water. Use a large amount of water, then add salt.
IN: What happens next?
We see a man throwing his legs over the pommel horse. We see a man in red spinning himself around the pommel horse quickly. a man
OPTIONS:
- pushes a dog behind the horse.
- in red and yellow spins fast on the pommel.
- serves his legs over the edge of the pommel made on top of a pommel horse.
- in blue holds a small lined handbook.
OUT: | in red and yellow spins fast on the pommel. |
Q: In this task, you are given a question and a context passage. You have to answer the question based on the given passage.
Why is Philadelphia a tourist attraction?, Context: The area's many universities and colleges make Philadelphia a top international study destination, as the city has evolved into an educational and economic hub. With a gross domestic product of $388 billion, Philadelphia ranks ninth among world cities and fourth in the nation. Philadelphia is the center of economic activity in Pennsylvania and is home to seven Fortune 1000 companies. The Philadelphia skyline is growing, with several nationally prominent skyscrapers. The city is known for its arts, culture, and history, attracting over 39 million domestic tourists in 2013. Philadelphia has more outdoor sculptures and murals than any other American city, and Fairmount Park is the largest landscaped urban park in the world. The 67 National Historic Landmarks in the city helped account for the $10 billion generated by tourism. Philadelphia is the birthplace of the United States Marine Corps, and is also the home of many U.S. firsts, including the first library (1731), first hospital (1751) and medical school (1765), first Capitol (1777), first stock exchange (1790), first zoo (1874), and first business school (1881). Philadelphia is the only World Heritage City in the United States.
A: | 67 National Historic Landmarks in the city |
In this task, you will be presented with a passage and have to answer a question based on your understanding of the events inferred from the passage. Try to find the best answer that is most likely to fill in "_". Note that the URLs in the text have been replaced with [Link].
One example is below.
Q: For four years we have waited expectantly for the pitter patter of tiny paws. Soon, that wait could finally be over. Tian Tian, the UK's only female giant panda, has conceived and could give birth to a cub as early as August. However Edinburgh Zoo, where the pandas live, have warned people 'not to get too excited' as the process is 'extremely complex'. Moreover, on the two previous occasions keepers inseminated Tian Tian - whose name means 'Sweetie' - she has failed to produce a panda cub. She was artificially inseminated again in March this year, but keepers at the zoo say implantation - when a fertilised egg attaches to the uterus - has not yet occurred.Tian Tian has conceived and could give birth to a cub as early as AugustShe has been inseminated twice before but so far failed to produce a cubTian Tian and Yang Guang arrived in 2011 from China to great fanfareOn loan at £600k a year, became first giant pandas to live in UK for 17 years
Questions:Under the terms of the agreement any cubs will return to _ at the age of two, the age at which they would normally leave their mother in the wild.
A: China
Rationale: This is a good example. Based on the passage, any cubs will return to China at the age of two
Q: (CNN) Before "Roots" premiered on the History Channel Memorial Day, there was plenty of discussion among fans about whether there should be a remake of the iconic miniseries. Even rapper T.I., who has a role in the series as a slave named "Cyrus," told the Huffington Post that he was initially leery. "I will admit that I was one of the ones to say, 'Man, I don't know if that needs to be remade,'" he said. "It was just a huge undertaking for him as a producer and for me as an actor to sign up to remake such a classic and to tell a story that has so much pain and just so much turmoil involved in it."The original series aired in 1977Opinions on the first installment varied widely
Question:So it's no surprise that after the initial airing on Monday, there were some cheers and jeers about the rebooted "_."
A: | Roots |
In this task, you will be presented with a passage and have to answer a question based on your understanding of the events inferred from the passage. Among the entities, try to find the best entity that is most likely to fill in "_" and classify the answers based on options.
One example is below.
Q: For four years we have waited expectantly for the pitter patter of tiny paws. Soon, that wait could finally be over. Tian Tian, the UK's only female giant panda, has conceived and could give birth to a cub as early as August. However Edinburgh Zoo, where the pandas live, have warned people 'not to get too excited' as the process is 'extremely complex'. Moreover, on the two previous occasions keepers inseminated Tian Tian - whose name means 'Sweetie' - she has failed to produce a panda cub. She was artificially inseminated again in March this year, but keepers at the zoo say implantation - when a fertilised egg attaches to the uterus - has not yet occurred.Tian Tian has conceived and could give birth to a cub as early as AugustShe has been inseminated twice before but so far failed to produce a cubTian Tian and Yang Guang arrived in 2011 from China to great fanfareOn loan at £600k a year, became first giant pandas to live in UK for 17 years
Questions:Under the terms of the agreement any cubs will return to _ at the age of two, the age at which they would normally leave their mother in the wild. (A) Tian Tian (B) UK (C) Edinburgh Zoo (D) Sweetie (E) Yang Guang (F) China
A: (F)
Rationale: This is a good example. Based on the passage, any cubs will return to China at the age of two
Q: (CNN) A man with autism, who was sitting next to his unarmed caregiver when police shot the latter in Florida, is so traumatized by the incident, he's not eating or sleeping, his family says. Arnaldo Eliud Rios Soto, 26, wandered away from his group home in North Miami last week -- and became the latest image of the national debate about police shootings of unarmed men. Charles Kinsey, his behavior therapist, was trying to help him Monday when police responded to a 911 call about a suicidal man with a gun. A cell phone video released later showed Kinsey lying on the ground, his hands up in the air, while Rios sat nearby.Charles Kinsey was shot as he tried to help man with autismKinsey was treated and released
Questions:While _ was not shot, his injuries go much deeper, his family said. (A) Florida (B) Arnaldo Eliud Rios Soto (C) North Miami (D) Charles Kinsey (E) Kinsey
A: | (B) |
Q:An independent college claimed to have become the first school in England to make Chinese a compulsory subject for its pupils. Richard Cairns, the headmaster of Brighton College, said the move aims to recognize the importance of China as the world's fastest growing economy. Chinese will become one of the core subjects at the 1,200-pupil college from September. At present the school has only a "handful" of native Chinese students, but it hopes to attract more in the future. Mr Cairns, who made the announcement in his first week as head of the high-achieving college, said, "One of my key tasks is to make sure that the pupils at Brighton College are equipped for the realities of the 21st century, and one of those realities is that China has the fastest growing economy in the world. "China has replaced Britain as the world's fourth-largest economy. We in Britain need to face up to this challenge, see it for the trading opportunity that it is, and ensure that our nation's children are well-placed to thrive in this new global reality. "A better understanding of the language and culture of China will be hugely important to the advantage of the children of Brighton College." Mr Cairns said he hoped the Chinese children already at the college would help and encourage their fellow pupils to learn their language. In order to lead the way, Mr Cairns, a historian from Oxford, plans to take part in the first Chinese class as a pupil. "I have agreed to join the first Chinese class as a pupil. I think it is the best way for me to show the pupils here how important I regard this new addition to our core subjects." The passage mainly tells us _ . A) how to face up to new challenges in the 21st century B) the realities of the 21st century C) the fastest growing economy in the world D) about a school which will make all its pupils learn Chinese
A: | D |
Can we draw the following hypothesis from the context (see options)?
Context:
The Ron Clark Story is a 2006 television film starring Matthew Perry. The film is based on the real-life educator Ron Clark. It follows the inspiring tale of an idealistic teacher who leaves his small hometown to teach in a New York City public school, where he faces trouble with the students. The film was directed by Randa Haines, and was released directly on television.
Hypothesis: The Ron Clark Story did not star Matthew Perry
Options are: (a). Yes. (b). It's impossible to say. (c). No. | (c). |
Question: Without proper planning,tourism can cause problems.For example,too many tourists can crowd public places that are also enjoyed by the inhabitants of the country.If tourists create too much traffic,the inhabitants become annoyed and unhappy.They begin to dislike tourists and to treat them impolitely.They forget how much tourism can help the country's economy.It is important to think about the people of a destination country and how tourism affects them.Tourism should help a country keep the customs and beauty that attract tourists.Tourism should also advance the wealth and happiness of local . Too much tourism can be a problem.If tourism grows too quickly,people must leave other jobs to work in the tourism industry.This means that other parts of the country's economy can suffer. On the other hand,if there is not enough tourism,people can lose jobs.Businesses can also lose money.It costs a great deal of money to build large hotels.Airports,first-class roads,and other support facilities needed by tourist attractions.For example,a major international class tourism hotel can cost as much as 50 thousand dollars per room to build.If this room is not used most of the time,the owners of the hotel will lose money. Building a hotel is just a beginning.There must be many other support facilities as well,including roads to get to the hotel,electricity,sewers to handle waste,and water.All of these support facilities cost money.If they are not used because there are not enough tourists,jobs and money are lost. Which of the following do you think has been discussed in the part before this selection? A) It is extremely important to develop tourism. B) Building roads and hotels is important. C) Support facilities are highly necessary. D) Planning is of great importance to tourism.
Answer: | D |
Teacher:You will be given a passage, and your task is to generate a Yes/No question that is answerable based on the given passage.
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? Solve this instance: Due to Australia's geographic position there were relatively few attacks on Australia during World War II. Axis surface raiders and submarines periodically attacked shipping in Australian waters from 1940 to early 1945 and Japanese aircraft bombed towns and airfields in Northern Australia on 97 occasions during 1942 and 1943.
Student: | was australia bombed in the second world war? |
Question with options: can we draw the following hypothesis from the context?
Context:
Today in the city of Sao Paulo (from May 1 to May 30) we have a display on Ayrton Senna.
Hypothesis: Ayrton Senna was from Sao Paulo.
Options: (a). yes; (b). no;
A: | (b). |
Can we draw the following hypothesis from the context (see options)?
Context:
Hoodlum is a 1997 American crime drama film that gives a fictionalized account of the gang war between the Italian/Jewish mafia alliance and the Black gangsters of Harlem that took place in the late 1920s and early 1930s. The film concentrated on Ellsworth "Bumpy" Johnson (Laurence Fishburne), Dutch Schultz (Tim Roth), and Lucky Luciano (Andy García).
Hypothesis: Hoodlum concentrates on Ellsworth Johnson Dutch Schultz and Lucky Luciano.
pick from the following. a. Yes. b. It's impossible to say. c. No. | a. |
Problem: How does the next paragraph end?
Two suma wrestlers walk to a ring. A crowd watches the fight. The suma wrestlers prepare themselves. A referee calls them into position. the suma wrestlers
OPTIONS:
- begin fighting, with one of them immediately throwing the other to the ground.
- high five one another.
- spar on front and back and then roll.
- dance and pose for the crowd.
A: begin fighting, with one of them immediately throwing the other to the ground.
IN: Write the next sentence in this paragraph:
How to donate a used foldable white cane for the blind or visually impaired
To donate your white cane to africa you can do it through the uk registered charity blindaid africa.
See contact details at the bottom of the article.
Make sure that your cane is in good condition and be sure to package it carefully.
OPTIONS:
- With your cane in good condition make sure that you have medical consideration if the cane is for medicinal purposes. Look online to find services to give the cane to people disabled or in distress.
- Unboxed canes are there for donations so be sure that you do not run out of large amount and drop it off in a charity auction or even during a sports game. These are rare and you may need to get in the habit of packing them with you.
- You can buy a small used cane at a department store or at your local supermarket. There are several other options on the buyer.
- Enclose a note to explain that you intend the cane as a donation. Within the uk you can send the package for zero cost using free post for the blind.
OUT: Enclose a note to explain that you intend the cane as a donation. Within the uk you can send the package for zero cost using free post for the blind.
Question:
Multi-choice problem: Continue writing the next sentence for the following:
How to clean cultured marble
Dampen a clean rag with white vinegar.
Your rag should be wet through with white vinegar, but excess vinegar should not drip or seep from the rag. Either pour vinegar onto your rag in a sink or dunk your rag in vinegar in a bucket.
OPTIONS:
- Do not use a wire-handled scrubber, especially with slippery marble. Rather, wipe your rag in circular motions across the surface of your marble.
- Wipe the marble with a dry cloth. Rub the back side of the marble gently so that you do not tear the marble or damage the valuable piece.
- Only add white vinegar to clean marble if the vinegar does not interact well with the cleaner. White vinegar can be used to clean marble floors, like tables and sofas.
- Wring out the rag lightly over a sink. Too much white vinegar can cause this liquid to spread to areas of the marble that are already clean.
****
Answer:
Wring out the rag lightly over a sink. Too much white vinegar can cause this liquid to spread to areas of the marble that are already clean.
Problem: What happens next in this paragraph?
How to save money on contact lenses
Keep a copy of your prescription.
You will need a prescription from within the last year to order contacts, so always ask your eye doctor for a copy after an exam. If you are considering trying to order contacts without an up-to-date prescription, know that online sellers are required to contact your doctor to verify your prescription.
OPTIONS:
- Ask if your eye doctor will match online prices. If they will, this offers the best of both worlds.
- Always have your prescription available at all times to keep it handy. At the very least, follow the prescription instructions.
- Consider the age and condition of your lenses. Assume that you have very few contact lenses and want to repair them.
- Don't spend unnecessary money or long hours learning about lenses. Locate local or national stores that carry professional lenses.
A: Ask if your eye doctor will match online prices. If they will, this offers the best of both worlds.
. a man wearing a blue t - shirt
OPTIONS:
- holds an iron and began talking to the camera while the man still talked and showed to other people on the street in front of an ice cream truck that is putting ice cream in a shopping cart.
- prepares to demonstrate how to prepare a drink.
- and in small shorts is standing on a grassy field with stick sticks in his hands.
- applies cement to a sink using a large can with a scraper.
prepares to demonstrate how to prepare a drink.
Problem: Write the next sentence for:
How to recycle a memory foam mattress topper
Give your mattress topper to a friend or family member.
If your topper is in good enough condition, give it to a family member or friend. Ask around and see if anyone is willing to take it.
OPTIONS:
- Open the topper's memory foam cover. Use a flathead screwdriver to remove the cover from the back of the memory foam.
- Some people may even be willing to take it back. You'll find tons of places to put it.
- You can choose between putting your mattress and the foam topper together and saving the whole memory foam topper. Or you can provide the mattress to your children directly and allow it to be passed on to them with some extra use and no mess or waste.
- If not, you can move on to local charities or online classified sites. If you're unsure of your topper's condition, ask yourself: would i sleep on it? If not, it's probably not in good enough condition for someone else..
Next sentence: | If not, you can move on to local charities or online classified sites. If you're unsure of your topper's condition, ask yourself: would i sleep on it? If not, it's probably not in good enough condition for someone else. |
Can we draw the following hypothesis from the context (see options)?
Context:
The Bigger Picture is a 2014 British animated short film directed by Daisy Jacobs. It has been nominated for the Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film at the 87th Academy Awards. It won the BAFTA Award for Best Short Animation at the 68th British Academy Film Awards.
Hypothesis: Daisy Jacobs directed many movies.
Options are:
-- Yes.
-- It's impossible to say.
-- No. | It's impossible to say |
Can we draw the following hypothesis from the context?
Context:
<nowiki>Callin' All Dogs</nowiki> is a 1995 album by Louisville, Kentucky rock band Bodeco. This, the rockabilly band's second album, made a considerable impact on the Louisville music scene, finding a place at #80 on WFPK's "top 1000 best albums ever". "Trouser Press" asserted that the album reinforced "Bodeco's simple genius by turning up the slop right from the get-go".
Hypothesis: Bodeco is a rap group from Louisville, Kentucky. | No |
Continue writing the next sentence in this paragraph:
A person is seen playing an instrument in front of the other. the person | moves their hands up and down on the instrument. |
Instructions: In this task, you are given a question and a context passage. You have to answer the question based on the given passage.
Input: What was causing impatience?, Context: Several days after the referendum, the Resident Commissioner Pedro Pierluisi, Governor Luis Fortuño, and Governor-elect Alejandro García Padilla wrote separate letters to the President of the United States Barack Obama addressing the results of the voting. Pierluisi urged Obama to begin legislation in favor of the statehood of Puerto Rico, in light of its win in the referendum. Fortuño urged him to move the process forward. García Padilla asked him to reject the results because of their ambiguity. The White House stance related to the November 2012 plebiscite was that the results were clear, the people of Puerto Rico want the issue of status resolved, and a majority chose statehood in the second question. Former White House director of Hispanic media stated, "Now it is time for Congress to act and the administration will work with them on that effort, so that the people of Puerto Rico can determine their own future."
Output: | want the issue of status resolved |
Problem: What happens next in this paragraph?
How to groom shih tzus
Purchase everything you'll need.
Grooming your shih tzu at home requires a few specialty items that you will need to purchase. Most of the items can be easily found at your local pet store or grocery store.
A: You will also need some other items that you probably have lying around the house, like towels and a hairdryer. You will need to purchase a dog brush, preferably a curry brush with rubber teeth that will be gentle, but effective, on your dog's coat.
Problem: What happens next in this paragraph?
A woman is seen sitting on sand next to a girl. the woman
A: looks away from the camera and looks down at the sand.
Problem: What happens next in this paragraph?
A camera pans around targets sitting in a field followed by a woman shooting a bow and arrow. more women
A: are show shooting a bow and arrow off into the distance towards targets.
Problem: What happens next in this paragraph?
How to cheer up after a bad day
Give yourself a specific task or chore.
Maybe there's a certain chore you've been putting off for a while, like that stack of laundry in the closet, or maybe there are some dishes in the sink that need washing. Give yourself a specific task and focus on it while you do it.
A: | Try playing music while you clean or work on a task. This will give you something to listen to and focus on while you work, rather than letting your thoughts wander back to what was bothering you initially. |
Question: Context: Jader Barbalho, once president of the country's largest political party, was arrested on Saturday in the Amazonian city of Belem, after officials in the neighbouring state of Tocantins issued a warrant against him.
Generate a hypothesis.
****
Answer: Hypothesis: Jader Barbalho is the president of Amazon.
Question: Context: These early men learned to make fire. They traveled over land bridges from Africa, and began to populate the world, about 1 million years ago.
Generate a hypothesis.
****
Answer: Hypothesis: Humans existed 10,000 years ago.
Question: Context: Reagan announced he had Alzheimer's disease, an incurable brain affliction.
Generate a hypothesis.
****
Answer: Hypothesis: Reagan died of pneumonia complicated by Alzheimer's disease
Question: Context: Europe's economic environment has altered considerably over the last thirty years, and the economies of European countries have progressively opened up to the global economy. As a result, the competitiveness of the European economies is dependent not just on production costs, but also on the performance of pension and social security systems guaranteeing security for the future.
Generate a hypothesis.
****
Answer: | Hypothesis: National pension systems currently adopted in Europe are in difficulties. |
Context:
Sweatbees is a compilation album by Louisville, Kentucky rock band My Morning Jacket. It was released as a five-track EP in the UK on the Wichita label in 2002 and a nine-track compilation in Australia on the Spunk label in 2003. On both versions it comprised tracks from the band's second album "At Dawn" and two EPs.
Hypothesis: My Morning Jacket plays rock music. OPTIONS:
- Yes
- It's impossible to say
- No
Yes
Input: OPTIONS:
- Yes
- It's impossible to say
- No
Robertas Giedraitis (born August 29, 1970) is a Lithuanian basketball coach and former player. He is currently the assistant coach for Šiauliai of the Lithuanian Basketball League (LKL). Robertas Giedraitis played his whole career with Šiauliai. He is currently the player with most games played, most steals and the most assists made in Lithuanian Basketball League's history.
Sentence: Robertas Giedraitis is the tallest player in the history of the Lithuanian Basketball League.
Output: It's impossible to say
Problem:
Read the following paragraph and determine if the hypothesis is true:
FH Joanneum is one of the largest Universities of Applied Sciences in Austria. It has about 4,000 students and about 578 employees. The main campus is located in Graz, while there are two other locations in Kapfenberg and Bad Gleichenberg. All three are situated in the province of Styria, Austria.
OPTIONS:
- Yes
- It's impossible to say
- No
Hypothesis: FH Joanneum is one of the largest Universities in Styria, Austria that specializes in Applied Sciences.
****
Answer:
Yes
[Q]: Prem is an Indian film actor who appears in Tamil and Kannada films. He rose to fame starring in television serials, while he was also the winner of the reality dance show "Jodi Number One" during season 1. In the Nadigar Sangam elections held on 18 October 2015, he was elected as Executive Committee member. Prem appeared in multiple American-Tamil films. OPTIONS:
- Yes
- It's impossible to say
- No
[A]: It's impossible to say
Problem: Gálveztown was the HMS "West Florida", which the Continental Navy schooner USS "Morris" captured at the Battle of Lake Pontchartrain, which was then in the British province of West Florida. "West Florida" became the Gálveztown, supposedly under the command of Bernardo de Gálvez, the Spanish governor of Louisiana (New Spain).
Based on the paragraph above can we conclude that "Gálveztown was the HMS "East Florida""? OPTIONS:
- Yes
- It's impossible to say
- No
A: No
Context:
New World () is a 2013 South Korean crime drama film written and directed by Park Hoon-jung. Starring Choi Min-sik, Hwang Jung-min and Lee Jung-jae, the film shows the conflict between the police and the mob through the eyes of an undercover cop. "New World" is the first entry in a planned trilogy.
Hypothesis: New World was written by a Chinese man OPTIONS:
- Yes
- It's impossible to say
- No
| No |
Detailed Instructions: In this task, we ask you to elaborate the sentence without changing its general meaning. You can do so by explaining further the input sentence, using more precise wording, adding qualifiers and auxiliary information etc.
Q: The coqui ́ is an important symbol of Puerto Rico .
A: | The common coqui ́ is a very important aspect of Puerto Rican culture , and it has become an unofficial territorial symbol of Puerto Rico . |
Definition: In this task, you will be presented with a passage and have to answer a question based on your understanding of the events inferred from the passage. Try to find the best answer that is most likely to fill in "_". Note that the URLs in the text have been replaced with [Link].
Input: The grandmother to the young Australian boy who was infamously pictured holding a severed head in Syria, says it was an act his terrorist father Khaled Sharrouf would have encouraged the then nine-year-old to undertake. Karen Nettleton told The Australian of her fears about the psychological effects the incident may have had on her grandson Abdullah as he is known to be a 'clean freak' who was fond of clean clothes. The chilling photo was posted online by Sharrouf in August last year with the caption 'that's my boy'. It showed his son using both hands to hoist a decapitated head up in the northern Syrian city of Raqqa.Karen Nettleton believes terrorist Khaled Sharrouf encouraged her grandson to hold a severed head in SyriaThe grandmother to the young boy, Abdullah, says her grandson is known to be a 'clean freak'She has told of her reaction when she first saw the chilling image of her grandson last yearIt shows the then nine-year-old using both hands to hoist a decapitated head upThe mother-in-law of Sharrouf has begged the prime minister to help bring her grandchildren home
Question:She said she would consider the return of _'s family only after his death was confirmed.
Output: | Khaled Sharrouf |
Context:
Bill Lowrey (born January 29, 1963) is an American musical entertainer and banjoist from California. He has been a featured performer or headliner at a variety of jazz festivals around the U.S. for over fifteen years. Lowrey has established himself in the four-string banjo community as one of its key figures as compared to the likes of Sean Moyses, Steve Peterson, and Buddy Wachter.
Hypothesis: Bill Lowrey is 40 years old.
No
Context:
The Habit of Happiness is a 1916 American silent comedy film directed by Allan Dwan and filmed by cinematographer Victor Fleming. The film was written by Allan Dwan and Shannon Fife from a suggestion by D. W. Griffith and stars Douglas Fairbanks. A 16mm print of the film is preserved in a private collection.
Hypothesis: The Habit of Happiness is a silent comedy film.
Yes
Context:
Iola (pronounced ) is a city situated along the Neosho River in the northwestern part of Allen County, located in Southeast Kansas, in the Central United States. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 5,704. Iola is the county seat of Allen County. It is named in honor of Iola Colborn.
Hypothesis: The city is named after a woman.
| Yes |
Instructions: In this task, you are given a text of many news articles seperated by special token "|||||". Your task is to summarize them.
Input: Mysteriously delayed decomposition of trees, fallen leaves and plant matter in the Red Forest around the site of the 1986 Chernobyl nuclear disaster suggest that the microbes responsible for the breakdown of organic matter in the region have suffered some form of radiological damage, according to new research. Pictured is a chart of background radiation levels in the Chernobyl area. (Photo : Oecologia via University of South Carolina )
Mysteriously delayed decomposition of trees, fallen leaves and plant matter in the Red Forest around the site of the 1986 Chernobyl nuclear disaster suggest that the microbes responsible for the breakdown of organic matter in the region have suffered some form of radiological damage, according to new research.
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The study, published in the journal Oecologia by Tim Mousseau, a professor of biology and co-director of the Chernobyl and Fukushima Research Initiatives at the University of South Carolina, and Anders Møller of Université Paris-Sud, indicates that the buildup of dry, loose debris poses a wildfire hazard that could threaten to spread radioactivity from the region.
"There's been growing concern by many different groups of the potential for catastrophic forest fires to sweep through this part of the world and redistribute the radioactive contamination that is in the trees and the plant biomass," Mousseau said. "That would end up moving radio-cesium and other contaminants via smoke into populated areas.
When the Chernobyl nuclear facility exploded in the Soviet Union nearly three decades ago, it contaminated a swath of land, and forced an exclusion zone around the fallen reactor. The Red Forest region is the most contaminated part of the Chenobyl nuclear exclusion zone.
"We were stepping over all these dead trees on the ground that had been killed by the initial blast," Mousseau said in a statement. "Some 15 or 20 years later, these tree trunks were in pretty good shape. If a tree had fallen in my backyard, it would be sawdust in 10 years or so."
For their experiment, Mousseau and Møller collected various sorts of uncontaminated leaf litter from pine, oak, maple and birch trees and placed the litter in mesh bags around the forest.
The researchers returned nine months later to assess the decomposition process of the leaves at the different sites, which encompassed a wide range of background radiation doses.
"A statistical analysis of the weight loss of each leaf litter sample after those nine months showed that higher background radiation was associated with less weight loss," the University of South Carolina reported. "The response was proportional to radiation dose, and in the most contaminated regions, the leaf loss was 40 percent less than in control regions in Ukraine with normal background radiation levels."
Additionally, the researchers found that the thickness of the forest floor was greater in places with the highest background radiation, corroborating the evidence that natural decay of organic matter is being slowed by radiation.
The researchers concluded that the bacteria and fungi that decompose plant matter in healthy ecosystems are being hindered by radioactive contamination.
"It's another facet of the impacts of low-dose-rate radioactive contaminants on the broader ecosystem," Mousseau said. "We've looked at many other components, namely the populations of animals in the area, and this was an opportunity for broadening our range of interests to include the plant and microbial communities."
The researchers warn that contaminated plant matter could fuel a wildfire, potentially spreading radioactive material further afield.
"This litter accumulation that we measured, which is likely a direct consequence of reduced microbial decomposing activity, is like kindling," Mousseau said. "It's dry, light and burns quite readily. It adds to the fuel, as well as makes it more likely that catastrophically sized forest fires might start."
Frequent collaborators, Mousseau and Møller released a trio of Chernobyl studies earlier this year, reporting that the nuclear incident has impaired tree growth and the health of birds in and around the region of the Ukraine where the disaster took place. ||||| Radiological Damage At The Root Of Chernobyl’s Ecosystems
by editor
Steven Powell, University of South Carolina
Radiological damage to microbes near the site of the Chernobyl disaster has slowed the decomposition of fallen leaves and other plant matter in the area, according to a study just published in the journal Oecologia. The resulting buildup of dry, loose detritus is a wildfire hazard that poses the threat of spreading radioactivity from the Chernobyl area.
Tim Mousseau, a professor of biology and co-director of the Chernobyl and Fukushima Research Initiatives at the University of South Carolina, has done extensive research in the contaminated area surrounding the Chernobyl nuclear facility, which exploded and released large quantities of radioactive compounds in the Ukraine region of the Soviet Union in 1986. He and frequent collaborator Anders Møller of Université Paris-Sud noticed something unusual in the course of their work in the Red Forest, the most contaminated part of the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone.
“We were stepping over all these dead trees on the ground that had been killed by the initial blast,” Mousseau said. “Some 15 or 20 years later, these tree trunks were in pretty good shape. If a tree had fallen in my backyard, it would be sawdust in 10 years or so.”
They set out to assess the rate at which plant material decomposed as a function of background radiation, placing hundreds of samples of uncontaminated leaf litter (pine needles and oak, maple and birch leaves) in mesh bags throughout the area. The locations were chosen to cover a range of radiation doses, and the samples were retrieved after nine months outdoors.
A statistical analysis of the weight loss of each leaf litter sample after those nine months showed that higher background radiation was associated with less weight loss. The response was proportional to radiation dose, and in the most contaminated regions, the leaf loss was 40 percent less than in control regions in Ukraine with normal background radiation levels.
They also measured the thickness of the forest floor in the same areas where samples were placed. They found that it was thicker in places with higher background radiation.
The team concluded that the bacteria and fungi that decompose plant matter in healthy ecosystems are hindered by radioactive contamination. They showed a smaller effect for small invertebrates, such as termites, that also contribute to decomposition of plant biomass.
According to Mousseau, slower decomposition is likely to indirectly slow plant growth, too, given that the products of decomposition are nutrients for new plants. The team recently reported diminished tree growth near Chernobyl, which he says likely results both from direct radiation effects and indirect effects such as reduced nutrient supply.
“It’s another facet of the impacts of low-dose-rate radioactive contaminants on the broader ecosystem,” Mousseau says. “We’ve looked at many other components, namely the populations of animals in the area, and this was an opportunity for broadening our range of interests to include the plant and microbial communities.”
The results also show the potential for further spread of radioactivity.
“There’s been growing concern by many different groups of the potential for catastrophic forest fires to sweep through this part of the world and redistribute the radioactive contamination that is in the trees and the plant biomass,” Mousseau says. “That would end up moving radio-cesium and other contaminants via smoke into populated areas.
“This litter accumulation that we measured, which is likely a direct consequence of reduced microbial decomposing activity, is like kindling. It’s dry, light and burns quite readily. It adds to the fuel, as well as makes it more likely that catastrophically sized forest fires might start.”
--- |||||
Output: | Radiation from the 1986 Chernobyl disaster is messing with local forests' ability to decay—and that's dangerous, both for local ecosystems and perhaps the area's neighbors. Researchers were concerned that decades after the disaster, dead trees in the area still hadn't decomposed, the Smithsonian notes. "We were stepping over all these dead trees on the ground that had been killed by the initial blast," Tim Mousseau says, per Red Orbit. "If a tree had fallen in my backyard, it would be sawdust in 10 years or so.” The experts decided to investigate the effects of radiation on microbes, bugs, and other organisms behind decomposition. They distributed bags of untainted leaves in parts of the forests with varying amounts of radiation; the ones in the worst-affected areas decayed far more slowly. "The gist of our results was that the radiation inhibited microbial decomposition of the leaf litter on the top layer of the soil," says Mousseau. That's a problem for the ecosystem, because it means nutrients aren't making their way back into the soil. And those leaves could provide fuel for a "catastrophic" future forest fire. "This litter accumulation that we measured … is like kindling," Mousseau notes, via Nature World News. Such a fire could spread contamination into "populated areas," Mousseau says. |
Definition: In this task, you will be presented with a context passage, a question about that paragraph, and a possible answer to that question. The task is to check the validity of the answer. Answer with "Yes" or "No".
Input: He repeatedly calls on his followers to embrace martyrdom since "The walls of oppression and humiliation cannot be demolished except in a rain of bullets." For those yearning for a lost sense of order in an older, more tranquil world, he offers his "Caliphate" as an imagined alternative to today's uncertainty. For others, he offers simplistic conspiracies to explain their world. Bin Laden also relies heavily on the Egyptian writer Sayyid Qutb. A member of the Muslim Brotherhood executed in 1966 on charges of attempting to overthrow the government, Qutb mixed Islamic scholarship with a very superficial acquaintance with Western history and thought. Sent by the Egyptian government to study in the United States in the late 1940s, Qutb returned with an enormous loathing of Western society and history. He dismissed Western achievements as entirely material, arguing that Western society possesses "nothing that will satisfy its own conscience and justify its existence." Three basic themes emerge from Qutb's writings. First, he claimed that the world was beset with barbarism, licentiousness, and unbelief (a condition he called jahiliyya, the religious term for the period of ignorance prior to the revelations given to the Prophet Mohammed). Qutb argued that humans can choose only between Islam and jahiliyya. Second, he warned that more people, including Muslims, were attracted to jahiliyya and its material comforts than to his view of Islam; jahiliyya could therefore triumph over Islam. Third, no middle ground exists in what Qutb conceived as a struggle between God and Satan. All Muslims-as he defined them-therefore must take up arms in this fight. Any Muslim who rejects his ideas is just one more nonbeliever worthy of destruction. Bin Laden shares Qutb's stark view, permitting him and his followers to rationalize even unprovoked mass murder as righteous defense of an embattled faith. Many Americans have wondered, "Why do 'they' hate us?" Some also ask, "What can we do to stop these attacks?" Bin Laden and al Qaeda have given answers to both these questions. <sep>Which religious faith did Sayyid Qutb follow?<sep>Buddhism
Output: | No |
Detailed Instructions: You will be given a passage, and your task is to generate a Yes/No question that is answerable based on the given passage.
See one example below:
Problem: Powdered sugar, also called confectioners' sugar, icing sugar, and icing cake, is a finely ground sugar produced by milling granulated sugar into a powdered state. It usually contains a small amount of anti-caking agent to prevent clumping and improve flow. Although most often produced in a factory, powdered sugar can also be made by processing ordinary granulated sugar in a coffee grinder, or by crushing it by hand in a mortar and pestle.
Solution: is confectionary sugar the same as powdered sugar?
Explanation: The question is a yes/no question, and it is answerable based on the given passage.
Problem: 10 Downing Street, colloquially known in the United Kingdom as Number 10, is the headquarters of the Government of the United Kingdom and the official residence and office of the First Lord of the Treasury, a post which, for much of the 18th and 19th centuries and invariably since 1905, has been held by the Prime Minister.
Solution: | does the british prime minister live at 10 downing street? |
Generate a context and a hypothesis.
Answer: Context: “It is what it is. A lot of that stuff happened before I was here,” said Fizdale, who coached against Noah for several years as an assistant in Miami. “So I try not to get too engaged in that. I really got a lot of respect for the guy just because of the relationship and combat we’ve been through.”
Hypothesis: Noah is a female.
Generate a context and a hypothesis.
Answer: Context: In this case, the change agreed to between the Department of Canadian Heritage and the department concerned takes precedence over other regulations under the Fisheries Act, the Coastal Fisheries Protection Act, the Canada Shipping Act, the Arctic Waters Pollution Prevention Act, the Navigable Waters Protection Act or the Aeronautics Act.
Hypothesis: An Act focuses on protecting coastal fisheries.
Generate a context and a hypothesis.
Answer: Context: Thai soldiers have been accused of crossing into Cambodia near a disputed temple where the two sides briefly exchanged fire last year. A spokesman for Cambodia's government said that about 100 troops crossed the border before retreating hours later. A Thai border commander denied there had been any troop movements and said there had been no increase in tension. Thailand and Cambodia both lay claim to the temple area. Despite several rounds of talks, a settlement remains elusive. Soldiers from the two countries have been stationed in the area since the clashes in July last year.
Hypothesis: People in Thailand wish to be able to visit the temple.
Generate a context and a hypothesis.
Answer: | Context: What do he and his constituents think of a government that writes a letter in 1994 promising income support until May 1999 and then a year before this literally rips up that contract with thousands of fishermen and plant workers and say here is the new deal, completely destroying their hope and faith in the Canadian federal government system?
Hypothesis: The context is interrogatory. |
For this chain-of-thought reasoning and answer, what was the question?
Mixing business with pleasure can cause a loss. Pleasure is a feeling. Pleasure results in happiness.
A: pleasure | Q: It is a well known adage that you should not mix business with what?
Options:
- fun
- nonprofit
- art
- pleasure
- personal |
In this task you will be given an answer to a question. You need to generate a question. The answer given should be a correct answer for the generated question.
One example: This list contains the top 25 accounts with the most followers on the social photo-sharing platform Instagram. As of May 2018, the most followed user is Instagram's own account, with over 235 million followers. Selena Gomez is the most followed individual, with over 137 million followers. Ten accounts have exceeded 100 million followers on the site.
Solution is here: who has the maximum number of followers on instagram
Explanation: The answer is talking about the Instagram accounts that have the most followers. The question asking about the maximum number of followers. So this is a good example.
Now, solve this: The Arab historian al-Maqrīzī, writing in the 15th century, attributes the loss of the nose to iconoclasm by Muhammad Sa'im al-Dahr -- a Sufi Muslim from the khanqah of Sa'id al-Su'ada -- in AD 1378, upon finding the local peasants making offerings to the Sphinx in the hope of increasing their harvest. Enraged, he destroyed the nose, and was later hanged for vandalism. Al-Maqrīzī describes the Sphinx as the 'talisman of the Nile' on which the locals believed the flood cycle depended.
Solution: | why is the nose on the sphinx missing |
You will be given a definition of a task first, then an example. Follow the example to solve a new instance of the task.
In this task, you are given Wikipedia articles on a range of topics, we ask you to write a question based on the content of the articles that can be answered in a binary manner i.e. True or False.
Property tax -- Property tax or 'house tax' is a local tax on buildings, along with appurtenant land. It is and imposed on the Possessor (not the custodian of property as per 1978, 44th amendment of constitution). It resembles the US-type wealth tax and differs from the excise-type UK rate. The tax power is vested in the states and is delegated to local bodies, specifying the valuation method, rate band, and collection procedures. The tax base is the annual rental value (ARV) or area-based rating. Owner-occupied and other properties not producing rent are assessed on cost and then converted into ARV by applying a percentage of cost, usually four percent. Vacant land is generally exempt. Central government properties are exempt. Instead a 'service charge' is permissible under executive order. Properties of foreign missions also enjoy tax exemption without requiring reciprocity. The tax is usually accompanied by service taxes, e.g., water tax, drainage tax, conservancy (sanitation) tax, lighting tax, all using the same tax base. The rate structure is flat on rural (panchayat) properties, but in the urban (municipal) areas it is mildly progressive with about 80% of assessments falling in the first two brackets.
Solution: is house tax and property tax are same
Why? The question generated asks whether the house tax and property tax are the same and can be answered by reading the passage. Additionally, it has a binary answer and hence the generated question is correct.
New input: Robot (Lost in Space) -- The Class B-9-M-3 General Utility Non-Theorizing Environmental Control Robot, known simply as Robot, is a fictional character in the television series Lost in Space. His full designation was only occasionally mentioned on the show.
Solution: | was there a robot in the original lost in space |
German automaker, Volkswagen AG, launched a special collector's edition of its original Beetle, on Thursday, to mark the end of the line for the most popular car in history.
Question with options: Based on the paragraph above can we conclude that "Volkswagen AG produces the 'Beetle'."?
Select from:
- yes
- no | yes |
Logic ==> Book being read by a person is usually kept within easy reach. Bedsite table is a place in the bedroom. Bedside table can be used to keep books.
bedside table
Question ==> Where will a book being read by one person be kept?
Options:
- school room
- university
- bedside table
- pantry
- discount store
Logic ==> After travelling a long distance, we may feel fatigue.
fatigue
Question ==> What do we feel after travelling a long distance?
Options:
- energetic
- motion sickness
- relocation
- diarrhea
- fatigue
Logic ==> Sandy beach, a sandy shores are loose deposits of sand, including some gravel or shells, that cover the shoreline in many places. They make up a large portion of the world’s ice-free coastlines. We should watch to avoid being pinched by a crab at sandy beach.
sandy beach
Question ==> | Where should watch to avoid being pinched by a crab?
Options:
- eastern coast
- sandy beach
- fish market
- north carolina
- sand dunes |
Q: NASA's Saturn exploration spacecraft, Cassini , has discovered an atmosphere about the moon Enceladus . This is the first such discovery by Cassini, other than Titan , of the presence of an atmosphere around a Saturn moon.
Titan is the fifteenth of Saturn's known satellites.
OPTIONS:
- yes
- no
A: no
Benjamin Vanderford, 22, said he posted the 55-second clip, which shows a knife sawing against his neck, on an online file-sharing network in May.
Can we say the following?
Mr Vanderford said he filmed his own mock execution in a friend's garage to show how the media could be fooled.
OPTIONS:
- yes
- no
no
Question: Elephants have never lost the capacity to astonish and delight. But in New York City in the not-so-distant future, they will not be doing their astonishing and delighting at a zoo. The Bronx Zoo, the only zoo left in the city that keeps elephants, said yesterday that it planned to shut down its exhibit after the death of two of its three elephants, or even one. The current generation of children need not despair: The zoo's three elephants — Patty, Maxine and Happy — are in their mid-30's and could live for decades more. But if one elephant dies, the remaining two may not get along. And if two die, officials say it would be inhumane to sustain an exhibit with a single elephant.
The Bronx Zoo is the biggest zoo in New York.
OPTIONS:
- yes
- no
Answer: no
Determine if the sentence is true based on the text below.
The WTO headquarters are located in Geneva.
While preliminary work goes on at the Geneva headquarters of the WTO, with members providing input, key decisions are taken at the ministerial meetings.
OPTIONS:
- yes
- no
yes
San Salvador, Jan. 13, '90 (Acan-Efe) -The bodies of Hector Oqueli and Gilda Flores, who had been kidnapped yesterday, were found in Cuilapa, Guatemala, near the border with El Salvador, the relatives of one of the victims have reported.
OPTIONS:
- yes
- no
Question: Guatemala borders on El Salvador.
yes
Q: The average cabby works nine and a half hours a day. A cab's busiest hours are 6 to 8 p.m. And even as the economy has fallen deeper into recession, the number of cab rides each day in New York has remained relatively steady. Those are among the most vivid bits of information about the yellow cab industry to emerge from a trove of new data collected by the Taxi and Limousine Commission from cabs equipped with new computerized systems that record each trip and fare.
The busiest hour for a cab is 9 p.m.
OPTIONS:
- yes
- no
A: | no |
In this task, you are given a text of many news articles seperated by special token "|||||". Your task is to summarize them.
Q: A group of divers trying to take photos of a sperm whale were engulfed in a 30-metre wide bowel movement - otherwise known as a 'poonado'.
Keri Wik was one of the divers caught in the attack which took place just off the coast of Dominica in the Caribbean.
To make matters worse, Keri "didn't even have a snorkel". He says, "Anytime I would take my head out of the water and breath, some water would drip down in to my mouth."
The 'poonado' is thought to be a rarely seen defence mechanism.
This clip is originally from 5 live Breakfast on January 23rd 2015. ||||| Think you had a bad day at work?
A diver has told how he ended up being encased in whale feces while swimming off the coast of Dominica, reports the BBC.
Keri Wilk said he and three other divers were surrounded by the gigantic bowel movement when the whale answered a call of nature.
The crappy move by the whale is thought to be something of a defense mechanism. (Caters News Agency)
"At first it seemed like a regular bowel movement. But rather than continuing its dive down, it remained at the surface and continued to defecate for a startling length of time," said Wilk.
He said the "poonado" spread through the water for about 30 metres/100 feet.
Unfortunately for Wilk, he dives with just goggles and a snorkel as scuba equipment can disturb the whales, meaning some of the waste ended up in his mouth.
"I had poop in my eyes, mouth, wetsuit, everywhere and I was soaked in it from head to toe. But, after leaving the cloud, it quickly washed away, and didn't leave a smell on us.
"I did take an extra long shower once I returned to shore later that day, just in case," he admitted. ||||| When Keri Wilk dived into clear waters off the island of Dominica, swimming through a massive whale poo was not in the plan. But it's what happened.
"At first, it seemed like a regular bowel movement," Keri explained.
"But rather than continuing its dive down, it remained at the surface and continued to defecate for a startling length of time.
The "poonado" then spread through the water - ending up in Keri's mouth - as the whale flapped its tail.
"Four of us looked at each other with confusion, then back at the whale, expecting that any second its call from nature would come to an end.
"Instead, the whale bobbed up and down, spun in circles and waved the poo in every direction for several minutes while we just sat back and watched."
Keri said the poo ended up spreading about 30 metres around him and his three fellow divers.
'Like chocolate milk'
Scuba equipment can disturb whales, so Keri prefers to dive with just goggles and a snorkel.
"The water was crystal clear, initially, and was the most idyllic Caribbean blue water that you could imagine.
"After a few waves of faeces were released and stirred vigorously by the whale, the water was like chocolate milk, I couldn't see my hand when I held it in front of my face.
"I had poop in my eyes, mouth, wetsuit, everywhere and I was soaked in it from head to toe. But, after leaving the cloud, it quickly washed away, and didn't leave a smell on us.
"I did take an extra long shower once I returned to shore later that day, just in case.
"I've never heard of it happening before, and I don't know anyone that has had this happen, it very well could be the first time that it has been photographically documented.'
Follow @BBCNewsbeat on Twitter, BBCNewsbeat on Instagram and Radio1Newsbeat on YouTube |||||
A: | As octopuses shoot out ink as a defense mechanism, so sperm whales blast threats with poop. At least that's the theory explained by a diver to the BBC. Keri Wilk and three fellow divers were engulfed in what he describes as a "poonado" let loose by one such whale off the coast of Dominica. Wilk wasn't using scuba gear, since that can bother whales, the New York Daily News reports. That means he had little protection: "I had poop in my eyes, mouth, wetsuit, everywhere," he tells the BBC. "I was soaked in it from head to toe." He described the cloud of feces as being some "30 or 40 meters in diameter," or about 100 feet. The whale was diving, and the animals often poop while diving, Wilk said. But this time, it stopped mid-dive. "And then it started to evacuate its bowels, and didn't stop for several minutes." It even seemed to try to wave the feces toward the divers with its tail. "But, after leaving the cloud, it quickly washed away and didn't leave a smell on us," he says. The group got some rather alarming photos of the whole thing. (Whales, it seems, aren't so into being watched.) |
In this task you will be given an answer to a question. You need to generate a question. The answer given should be a correct answer for the generated question.
One example is below.
Q: This list contains the top 25 accounts with the most followers on the social photo-sharing platform Instagram. As of May 2018, the most followed user is Instagram's own account, with over 235 million followers. Selena Gomez is the most followed individual, with over 137 million followers. Ten accounts have exceeded 100 million followers on the site.
A: who has the maximum number of followers on instagram
Rationale: The answer is talking about the Instagram accounts that have the most followers. The question asking about the maximum number of followers. So this is a good example.
Q: 21212 (a) A person under 18 years of age shall not operate a bicycle, a nonmotorized scooter, or a skateboard, nor shall they wear in-line or roller skates, nor ride upon a bicycle, a nonmotorized scooter, or a skateboard as a passenger, upon a street, bikeway, as defined in Section 890.4 of the Streets and Highways Code, or any other public bicycle path or trail unless that person is wearing a properly fitted and fastened bicycle helmet that meets the standards of either the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) or the United States Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC), or standards subsequently established by those entities.
A: | what is the helmet law for bicycles in california |
Can we draw the following hypothesis from the context?
Context:
This explanation was rejected by the Government of Chile, who insist that Pinochet enjoys diplomatic immunity in his capacity as "an elected member in the Senate for life" since leaving the command of the armed forces last March.
Hypothesis: The Chilean government affirming that as a member of the Senate, Pinochet has diplomatic immunity. | yes |
Can we draw the following hypothesis from the context (see options)?
Context:
Big Data is an American electronic music project created by producer, Alan Wilkis. Big Data is best known for its single "Dangerous", featuring Joywave, which reached number one on the "Billboard" Alternative Songs chart in August 2014, and was certified gold by the RIAA in May 2015.
Hypothesis: Big Data's best known 2014 single didn't feature any other artists.
(a). Yes
(b). It's impossible to say
(c). No | (c). |
Teacher:In this task, we ask you to elaborate the sentence without changing its general meaning. You can do so by explaining further the input sentence, using more precise wording, adding qualifiers and auxiliary information etc.
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? Solve this instance: Now , another subfamily Leptanilloidinae , is called army ants .
Student: | More recently , ant classifications now recognize an additional New World subfamily , Leptanilloidinae , which also consists of obligate legionary species , so is another group now included among the army ants . |
Subsets and Splits