# b01lers CTF – Crypto Crossword
* **Category:** Crypto* **Points:** 200
## Challenge
>Can you use the clues to decode the flag?
```     1   2   3   4   5   +---+---+---+---+---+  }   |   |   |   |   |   |  |      |---+---+---+---+---|  |      6 |   |   |   |   |   |  |   |---+---+---+---+---|  \ 7 |   |   |   |   |   |   -> WKYQMRKNQLMESZLBSTIKSIPTSLELQLEFEHZZQPNBEZKNOTKJVDHWWRVAULIHXUTYUIHCJMEIXTHDVWCANBMHS   |---+---+---+---+---|  /    8 |   |   |   |   |   |  |   |---+---+---+---+---|  | 9 |   |   |   |   |   |  |   +---+---+---+---+---+  }
```> > 1: ;fH;aCh7-"@UWb^G@>N&F#kFRDf'?"DIal3D]iJ!C3=T>+EqL-F<G%(Ci=3(F!,RC+EqL;D'3b7+B;0.==s>> 2: GUR FZNYYRFG EFN RKCBARAG RIRE VA JVQRFCERNQ HFR.>> 3: 4261636b77617264733a2074776f20666f722062696e6172792c2074656e20666f7220646563696d616c2c20616e64>    207369787465656e20666f72206865782e20>> 4: KLHHRYOB GSV URIHG QZEZHXIRKG UFMXGRLM BLF VEVI XZOOVW.>> 5: Ecceilnort cdemnostu ahtt eoprv ehinoprsw fo ,eksy cddeeru ot efiv .eelrstt>> 6: FRPPRQ UHVHUYHG ZRUG LQ F++ DQG SBWKRQ.>> 7: TW9kZXJuIGNyeXB0byBlc3BlY2lhbGx5IGxpa2VzIGdyb3VwcyBvZiBwcmltZSBfX19fXy4=>> 8: ooOo00oo0oOo0ooo0O0000oooo0oO0oOoo0ooOo0000OOO0ooOo0000oO0000ooOo0oO0OO0OOO0ooO0ooo0000OOO0oOO>    o0o0Oo0ooo0ooo0oOoo0000oooO0ooO0oOoo0Oo0o0oOo0oO0Oooo00oo0oOoo00oo0O0OoOO0oOoOoO0>> 9: 7x4 2x1 6x1 3x2 # 2x1 7x4 # 2x1 6x2 7x4 9x1 3x2 7x3 # 6x2 8x2 6x1 2x2 3x2 7x3 # 3x3 4x3 8x3 3x2 >    1x1>
Later during the CTF, a hint was published before I started the challenge:https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/2/27/Bliss_(Windows_XP).png
## SolutionOkay, so looking at the challenge, I understand that I have to fill in the crossword and use the 5x5 matrix to decrypt the flag. Looking at the hint gave the cipher used for encrypting the flag: a hill cipher.
Let's start by decrypting those 9 crossword sentences!### 1. ;fH;aCh7-"@UWb^G@>N&F#kFRDf'?"DIal3D]iJ!C3=T>+EqL-F<G%(Ci=3(F!,RC+EqL;D'3b7+B;0.==sIf your not familiar with seeing this kind of gibberish, you should always try Ascii85! Indeed, decoding this gives us:*Spelled backwards: command to adjust what belongs to whom on UNIX.*
A quick google search reveals us that this command is chown, spelled backward **nwohc**.
---### 2. GUR FZNYYRFG EFN RKCBARAG RIRE VA JVQRFCERNQ HFR.The sentence has the same format as a regular sentence so I tried applying ROT13:
*THE SMALLEST RSA EXPONENT EVER IN WIDESPREAD USE.*
The smallest RSA exponent is 3 or **three**.
---### 3. 4261636b77617264733a2074776f20666f722062696e6172792c2074656e20666f7220646563696d616c2c20616e64207369787465656e20666f72206865782e20This one should be quite straightforward. Decoding it from hex gives us:
*Backwards: two for binary, ten for decimal, and sixteen for hex.*
The answer here is "base", but base only has 4 letters. Luckely there is another word for base: radix, spelled backwards **xidar**.
---### 4 KLHHRYOB GSV URIHG QZEZHXIRKG UFMXGRLM BLF VEVI XZOOVW.As for the second one, this looks like a regular sentence. Trying ROT yields no results.My second guess was a substitution cipher encoding. An [online substitution cipher solver](https://www.guballa.de/substitution-solver) configured with English as output language gives this: POSSIBLY THE FIRST DAMASCRIPT FUNCTION YOU EMER CALLEG. We see that due to the potential presence of the word Javascript, it didn't manage to correctly substitute every letter. Giving the algorithm a little help and here is the complete sentence: 
*POSSIBLY THE FIRST JAVASCRIPT FUNCTION YOU EVER CALLED.*
A 5 letter Javascript function that is one of the first you ever called... Doesn't ring a bell? **alert**, of course!
---### 5. Ecceilnort cdemnostu ahtt eoprv ehinoprsw fo ,eksy cddeeru ot efiv .eelrsttAgain, what looks like a good sentence format. Looking at the last two words, my mind flipped the letters almost automatically in place and read "five letters".All the words are thus scrambled. As for a lot of these small encodings, there are [online solvers](https://www.dcode.fr/shuffled-letters) for this.Decoding gives:
*Electronic documents that prove ownership of keys, reduced to five letters.*
Certificates!Now reducing it to five letters confused me and first I used **certi**. Later, this gave me a almost correct flag and I realised that the correct answer here was in fact **certs**!
---### 6. FRPPRQ UHVHUYHG ZRUG LQ F++ DQG SBWKRQThis one looked a lot like number 4 so I tried the basic substitution cipher of [Cyberchef](https://gchq.github.io/CyberChef/) and it was correct:
*COMMON RESERVED WORD IN C++ AND PYTHON*
Looking up a list of common reserved words in c++ and python gave some results but since our first letter (given by column 1) is "w": the reserved word turns out to be **while**.
---### 7. TW9kZXJuIGNyeXB0byBlc3BlY2lhbGx5IGxpa2VzIGdyb3VwcyBvZiBwcmltZSBfX19fXy4=If it has an = symbol at the end, always try Base64 decoding first!
*Modern crypto especially likes groups of prime _____.*
Doing a reverse google search of this sentence gave the word **order**.
---# Important note: I had all the letters needed in my matrix so I didn't bother solving the last two points. I solved them after submitting the flag.
### 8. ooOo00oo0oOo0ooo0O0000oooo0oO0oOoo0ooOo0000OOO0ooOo0000oO0000ooOo0oO0OO0OOO0ooO0ooo0000OOO0oOOo0o0Oo0ooo0ooo0oOoo0000oooO0ooO0oOoo0Oo0o0oOo0oO0Oooo00oo0oOoo00oo0O0OoOO0oOoOoO0An encoding with 3 different symbols: lowercase o, uppercase O and number 0. Could it be morse ? Mapping the lowercase to a dot, the uppercase to a dash and the number to a space gives this morse signal: 
.._.  .. ._. ... _    .... ._ ._.. .._.    ___ .._.    ._    .._. ._ __ ___ .._ ...    ___ .__. . _. ... ... ._..    ..._ .._ ._.. _. . ._. ._ _...  .. ._..  .. _ _.__ ._._._
Decoding this gives: *FIRST HALF OF A FAMOUS OPENSSL VULNERABILITY.*
One of the most famous openssl vulnerability: Heartbleed. The first half of this word: **heart**
---### 9. 7x4 2x1 6x1 3x2 # 2x1 7x4 # 2x1 6x2 7x4 9x1 3x2 7x3 # 6x2 8x2 6x1 2x2 3x2 7x3 # 3x3 4x3 8x3 3x2 1x1At first, I didn't see what this could be. I thought of phone keypad cipher but the 7x4 confused me. Afterwards, I just inversed the two operands and it was a damn phone keypad cipher! Decoded: 
*SAME # AS # ANSWER # NUMBER # FIVE*
Okay, so we fill in the same answer as number five.
---## Solving the challengeOur filled in crossword now looks like this:
```   1   2   3   4   5   +---+---+---+---+---+   | n | t | x | a | c |   |---+---+---+---+---| 6 | w | h | i | l | e |   |---+---+---+---+---| 7 | o | r | d | e | r |   |---+---+---+---+---| 8 | h | e | a | r | t |   |---+---+---+---+---| 9 | c | e | r | t | s |   +---+---+---+---+---+
```
The hill cipher uses numbers in the matrix so I mapped each letter to its position in the alphabet minus 1 (n=14 => 13).Using this [python program](solve.py) prints out what was supposed to be the flag:
**MESSAGEXISXNOXBLACKXSQUARESXAMIGOXSEPARATEDXBYXSPACEXANDXENCLOSEDXINXTHEXUSUALXFORMAT**
If we split this on the X's we get: 
**MESSAGE IS NO BLACK SQUARES AMIGO SEPARATED BY SPACE AND ENCLOSED IN THE USUAL FORMAT**
```pctf{NO BLACK SQUARES AMIGO}```