# LACTF 2023
## the-secret-of-java-island
> **The Secret of Java Island** is a 2024 point-and-click graphic adventure game developed and published by LA CTF Games. It takes place in a fictional version of Indonesia during the age of hacking. The player assumes the role of Benson Liu, a young man who dreams of becoming a hacker, and explores fictional flags while solving puzzles.> > Author: aplet123> > [`game.jar`](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/D13David/ctf-writeups/main/lactf24/rev/secret_of_java/game.jar)
Tags: _rev_
## SolutionFor this challenge we get a java binary. This can be reversed quite confortable with [`Java Decompiler`](https://java-decompiler.github.io/) offline or [`Java Decompilers`](http://www.javadecompilers.com/) online.
The game is fairly small. There is only some text displayed and two buttons that trigger different interactions. Every screen of the game is represented with a `game-state` and we can draw the state machine quite easily from it. The function `transitionState` takes an int value that is either `0` (left button) or `1` (right button). It tracks the click history for each transition and then just transitions to the next state, depending on the state machine logic.
```javaprivate static void transitionState(int var0) {    history.add(var0);    prevState = state;    switch(state) {    case 0:        if (var0 == 0) {            state = 1;        } else {            state = 2;        }        break;    case 1:        if (hasGlove) {            System.exit(0);        } else if (var0 == 0) {            state = 4;        } else {            state = 0;        }        break;    case 2:        if (var0 == 0) {            state = 3;        } else {            state = 0;        }        break;    case 3:        if (!hasGlove) {            System.exit(0);        } else {            state = 5;        }        break;    case 4:        if (var0 == 0) {            exploit = exploit + "d";            story.setText("You clobbered the DOM. That was exploit #" + exploit.length() + ".");        } else {            exploit = exploit + "p";            story.setText("You polluted the prototype. That was exploit #" + exploit.length() + ".");        }
        if (exploit.length() == 8) {            try {                MessageDigest var1 = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA-256");                if (!Arrays.equals(var1.digest(exploit.getBytes("UTF-8")), new byte[]{69, 70, -81, -117, -10, 109, 15, 29, 19, 113, 61, -123, -39, 82, -11, -34, 104, -98, -111, 9, 43, 35, -19, 22, 52, -55, -124, -45, -72, -23, 96, -77})) {                    state = 7;                } else {                    state = 6;                }
                updateGame();            } catch (Exception var2) {                throw new RuntimeException(var2);            }        }
        return;    case 5:    case 7:        System.exit(0);        break;    case 6:        if (var0 == 0) {            state = 0;        } else {            state = 1;        }    }
    updateGame();}```
There are two interesting bits. First there is a `hasGlove` variable, that is influencing the transitioning in some cases. Also in state `4` the user builds an `exploit`, this is, a string of 8 charachters containing a certain permutation of `d` (DOM clobbering) and `p` (prototype pollution). The state only transitions to either state `6` or `7` when the exploit is fully entered. We can simply bruteforce the correct exploit and see that `dpddpdpp` fulfills the `sha256` validation.
![](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/D13David/ctf-writeups/main/lactf24/rev/secret_of_java/state_machine.svg)
The final piece is `updateGame` that updates the story text depending on the state we are in. The interesting state is state `5` that calls to `chall.lac.tf:31151` that should give back the flag. Sadly only calling the endpoint is not enough as the server expects us to send the correct click history.
```bash$ nc chall.lac.tf 31151
<html>The flag is written in messy handwriting but you can barely make it out. It says: STOP CHEATING. Contact an admin if you haven't done anything out of the ordinary.</html>```
```javaprivate static void updateGame() {      switch(state) {      case 0:         if (prevState == 2) {            story.setText("<html>You want nothing to do with that lever and back away from it. The computer and lever still sit menacingly in the room.</html>");         } else if (prevState == 1) {            story.setText("<html>It's important to limit your screen time, or at least that's what your doctor told you. You back away from the computer. Surprisigly, the computer immediately turned off again after stepping away from it. The computer and lever still sit menacingly in the room.</html>");         } else if (prevState == 6) {            story.setText("<html>You run away from the hissing vent, but nothing seems to have happened. The computer and lever still sit menacingly in the room.</html>");         } else {            story.setText("<html>You wake up in a musty room with no lighting except a squeaky lamp hanging from the center of the ceiling. You remember nothing other than the fact that your name is Benson Liu and that you're on a quest to become the greatest hacker in the world. You look around the room and see a decrepit Dell workstation in the corner and a rusty lever on the opposite wall.</html>");         }
         button1.setText("Inspect the computer");         button2.setText("Inspect the lever");         break;      case 1:         if (!hasGlove) {            story.setText("<html>You walk up to the computer and reach for the power button. Before your hand even reaches the power button, the computer springs to life with a concerningly loud hum. The screen says \"WELCOME bliutech\" on it with a green button that says \"LOG IN\".</html>");            button1.setText("Click the button");            button2.setText("Back away");         } else {            story.setText("<html>While you're next to the computer, a distinct smell in the air makes you come to a realization: the hissing sound from the vent was from the release of toxic gas. Unfortunately, you realized this too late as you become light-headed before passing out. Game over.</html>");            button1.setText("I understand");            button2.setText("I understand");         }         break;      case 2:         story.setText("<html>As you walk closer to the lever you realize that it's completely covered in spider webs.</html>");         button1.setText("Pull the lever");         button2.setText("Back away");         break;      case 3:         if (!hasGlove) {            story.setText("<html>You reach for the lever, plunging your hand into the thick veil of spider webs. While trying to pull the lever, you feel a sharp pain on your arm before your vision fades to black. Game over.</html>");            button1.setText("I understand");            button2.setText("I understand");         } else {            story.setText("<html>You reach for the lever, plunging your gloved hand into the thick veil of spider webs. The lever makes a loud creaking sound as you press it down, powering a large floodlight that lights up the entire room. When you look at your hand in the newfound light, you see several large spiders climbing on your glove. Startled, you shake the glove off and run to the other corner of the room, where you see a flag that must've been there the entire time.</html>");            button1.setText("Read the flag");            button2.setText("Read the flag");         }         break;      case 4:         story.setText("<html>As soon as you click the button, a pair of handcuffs locks you to the table. There's no backing out now. The computer loads a website belong to X Enterprises: a multinational corporation that hates puppies! You have to hack them otherwise puppies all over the world will face the wrath of X Enterprises!</html>");         button1.setText("Clobber the DOM");         button2.setText("Pollute the prototype");         break;      case 5:         try {            Socket var0 = new Socket("chall.lac.tf", 31151);            String var1 = "";
            int var3;            for(Iterator var2 = history.iterator(); var2.hasNext(); var1 = var1 + var3) {               var3 = (Integer)var2.next();            }
            var0.getOutputStream().write((var1 + "\n").getBytes("UTF-8"));            Scanner var5 = new Scanner(var0.getInputStream());            String var6 = var5.nextLine();            story.setText(var6);            var5.close();            var0.close();         } catch (Exception var4) {            System.err.println(var4.getMessage());            story.setText("<html>The flag is garbled and unreadable. Contact an admin if you haven't done anything out of the ordinary.</html>");         }
         button1.setText("Leave");         button2.setText("Leave");         break;      case 6:         story.setText("<html>As you submit the last exploit, X Enterprise's website goes down. You did it! You're officially the best and coolest hacker in the world. Your hand is released and a yellow kitchen glove is dropped from the ceiling and you put it on. As the computer shuts off and its loud humming comes to a halt, you can hear something quieter in the background: a soft hissing sound coming from the vent next to the computer.</html>");         hasGlove = true;         button1.setText("Run away");         button2.setText("Investigate");         break;      case 7:         story.setText("<html>Your hacking was ineffective, and the firewall in front of X Enterprises has detected malicious activity and IP banned you. You are not the hacker that you wanted to be, and promptly collapse to the ground with grief. Game over.</html>");         button1.setText("I understand");         button2.setText("I understand");      }
   }   ```
By writing down the state transitions and knowing we want to end in state `5` we can find easily the following path
```State 0 (Inspect the computer)State 1 (Click the button)State 4 (Exploit "dpddpdpp")State 6 (Run away)State 0 (Inspect the lever)State 2 (Pull the lever)State 3 (Read the flag)State 5 ```
By doing this the click history is 00010010110100. We can now send it via `nc` or just click through the game. Either way, we get the flag.
```bash$ echo "00010010110100" | nc chall.lac.tf 31151<html>The flag is written in ornate gold lettering: lactf{the_graphics_got_a_lot_worse_from_what_i_remembered}</html>```
Flag `lactf{the_graphics_got_a_lot_worse_from_what_i_remembered}`