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CEFR-Sentence-Level-Annotations

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Potassium fluoride is prepared by dissolving potassium carbonate in excess hydrofluoric acid .
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A kind of skin cell called a keratinocyte moves itself by rolling , as part of the process of healing .
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Keratinocytes , a type of skin cell , migrate with a rolling motion during the process of wound healing .
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In pre-modern society , the ordeal typically ranked along with the oath and witness accounts as the central means by which to reach a judicial verdict .
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In pre-modern society , the ordeal typically was done together with the oath and witness accounts as the central means by which to reach a verdict .
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Emission nebulae sometimes look like they have dark areas in them .
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Phytohormones are found across the plant kingdom , and even in algae , where they have similar functions to those seen in higher plants .
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Phytohormones are found not only in higher plants , but in algae too , with similar functions .
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Potassium ions are very important to organisms .
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Potassium ions are vital for the functioning of all living cells .
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The function of the reaction center chlorophyll is to use the energy transferred to it from the other chlorophyll pigments to undergo a specific redox reaction .
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The function of the reaction center of chlorophyll is to absorb light energy and transfer it to other parts of the photosystem .
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He died on 21 June 2014 from acute respiratory failure after being hospitalized with pneumonia .
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He died on June 21 , 2014 from acute respiratory failure after being hospitalized with pneumonia , aged 88 .
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Since the mid 20th century , citadels commonly enclose military command and control centers , rather than cities or strategic points of defense on the boundaries of a country .
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The orbits of centaurs are unstable due to perturbations by the giant planets .
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Boiling tubes are commonly made from Pyrex glass which can tolerate high temperatures .
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During an autopsy , bruises accompanying abrasions indicate the abrasions occurred while the individual was alive , as opposed to damage incurred post mortem .
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During an autopsy , bruises accompanying abrasions indicate the abrasions occurred while the person was alive , as opposed to damage that occurred after death
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Ethnic separatism is based more on cultural and linguistic differences than religious or racial differences , which also may exist .
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Ethnic separatism is based more on differences in culture and language than religious or racial differences .
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The garrison consisted of infantry or cavalry auxilia , not components of Roman legions .
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The garrison were auxiliaries , Roman infantry or cavalry units , not parts of Roman legions .
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Germany is a federal , parliamentary , representative democratic republic .
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These enzymes are found in bacteria and archaea and provide a defence mechanism against invading viruses .
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Resonant loop antennas are relatively large , governed by the intended wavelength of operation .
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The adversarial system is the two -sided structure under which criminal trial courts operate , putting the prosecution against the defense .
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Plant breeding started with sedentary agriculture and particularly the domestication of the first agricultural plants , a practice which is estimated to date back 9,000 to 11,000 years .
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Swift died at home in London from respiratory failure on 1 February 2019 , aged 82 .
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Steppenwolf is an immortal with superhuman strength , speed and stamina appropriate to his race .
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Steppenwolf is an immortal with vast superhuman strength , endurance and speed , capable of lifting about one hundred tons and jumping huge distances easily .
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So , in normal diploid organisms , chromosomes are present in two copies .
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So , in normal diploid organisms , autosomal chromosomes are present in two copies .
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A person with astraphobia will often feel anxious during a thunderstorm even when they understand that the threat to them is minimal .
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Dumor died suddenly on 18 January 2014 , in London after suffering cardiac arrest .
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Elliptical galaxies range in shape from nearly spherical to nearly flat , and in size from hundreds of millions to over one trillion stars .
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Elliptical galaxies range in size from tens of millions to over one hundred trillion stars .
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Walls that use large stones put together without any attempt at courses is called rubble walling .
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The order includes about 2500 - 2800 species from 85 - 90 genera , which comprise seven families of trees and shrubs .
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The drought caused a lot of desertification .
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One effect of the drought was widespread desertification .
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Cenote water is often very clear , as the water comes from rain water infiltrating slowly through the ground .
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Cenote water is often very clear , as the water comes from rain water filtering slowly through the ground , and therefore contains very little suspended particulate matter .
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Histones undergo posttranslational modifications that alter their interaction with DNA and nuclear proteins .
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If an algebraic equation is over the rationals , it can always be converted to an equivalent one , where all the coefficients are integers .
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A polynomial equation over the rationals can always be converted to an equivalent one in which the coefficients are integers .
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A tandem repeat pattern helps determine an individual 's inherited traits .
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Most dolmen constructions they were build using stone slabs of big dimensions .
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The elytra act as protective wing -cases for the hind wings underneath , which are used for flying .
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The elytra primarily serve as protective wing -cases for the hindwings underneath , which are used for flying .
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In the 1930 season , the league considerably liberalized the passing rules , effectively eliminating offsides .
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Most of the finer sort of medieval manuscripts , whether illuminated or not , were written on vellum .
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Most of the best sort of medieval manuscripts were written on vellum .
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Gregorian chant was traditionally sung by choirs of men and boys in churches , or by men and women of religious orders in their chapels .
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The parish is entirely rural in character , the northeast being moorland and the southwest lower lying farmland .
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At the base of the bacterial flagellum , where it enters the cell membrane , a motor protein acts as a rotary engine .
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Advances in semiconductor technology reduced transistor size ; multicore CPUs have appeared where multiple CPUs are implemented on the same silicon chip .
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Besides material characterization , the material scientist or engineer also deals with extracting materials and converting them into useful forms .
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Blobfish are often caught accidentally in bottom trawling nets .
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Adult and larval leaf beetles feed on all sorts of plant tissue , and all species are fully herbivorous .
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As a seasonal folivore and frugivore , the proboscis monkey eats primarily fruit and leaves .
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Although American units were usually able to replenish their numbers quickly , the replacements rarely had sufficient tactical training .
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Linear regression was the first type of regression analysis to be studied rigorously .
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Linear regression was the first type of regression analysis to be studied rigorously , and to be used extensively in practical applications .
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With unarticulated wheels , climbing obstacles will cause the body of a vehicle to tilt .
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Until recently , people thought only vertebrates had electroreception .
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Until recently , electroreception was known only in vertebrates .
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Some carbocations such as the 2 - norbornyl cation exhibit more or less symmetrical three - center two -electron bonding .
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Perjury is considered a serious offense , as it can be used to usurp the power of the courts , resulting in miscarriages of justice .
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Tonic immobility has also been said to occur in humans that are subject to intense trauma , such as rape or sexual assault .
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Thermal resistivity is the opposite of thermal conductivity .
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Together with stratigraphic principles , radiometric dating methods are used in geochronology to establish the geologic time scale .
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Historically , many rhizarians were considered animals because of their motility and heterotrophy .
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Historically , many rhizarians were considered animals , with their movement and heterotrophy as justification .
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Oats are also commonly used as feed for horses when extra carbohydrates and the subsequent boost in energy are required .
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Black contributed to basic scientific and clinical knowledge in cardiology , both as a physician and as a basic scientist .
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Flora and fauna are relatively scarce due to the harsh climate .
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The two most common quantifiers are the universal quantifier and the existential quantifier .
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Bangladesh is used as a transit route for narcotics produced in neighboring countries .
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The rugged coastline has been the scene of a number of shipwrecks .
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Cerebellar ataxia is ataxia that is caused by a problem with a person 's cerebellum .
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The term cerebellar ataxia is used to indicate ataxia that is due to dysfunction of the cerebellum .
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Kodkods are equally active during the day and during the night , although they only venture into open terrain under the cover of darkness .
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New Zealand is a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary democracy , although its constitution is not codified .
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New Zealand is a constitutional monarchy and parliamentary democracy .
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Chemical vapor deposition is also a widely used high temperature method for the preparation of coatings and semiconductors from molecular precursors .
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This concept is useful when considering degenerate conics , which may include the cylindrical conics .
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This is useful in the definition of degenerate conics , which require considering the cylindrical conics .
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Naloxone is useful both in acute opioid overdose and in reducing respiratory or mental depression due to opioids .
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Naloxone can be used to reverse opioid overdose and to reduce the slowed breathing or mental depression that opioids can cause .
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Van Vollenhoven was diagnosed with a Melanoma , a common type of skin cancer , in May 2017 .
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Van Vollenhoven was diagnosed with melanoma twice in May 2017 and in November 2017 .
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Many solids react readily with reactive gases such as chlorine , iodine , oxygen or others .
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Many solids react vigorously with reactive gas species like chlorine , iodine , oxygen etc .
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The Red Crown frequently is mentioned in texts and depicted in reliefs and statues .
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A hydraulis is an early type of pipe organ that operated by converting the dynamic energy of water into air pressure to drive the pipes .
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A hydraulis is an early type of pipe organ that was powered by water .
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This list is in chronological order by genus .
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Researchers in molecular biology use specific techniques that are typical for molecular biology , but they combine these with techniques and ideas from genetics and biochemistry .
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Test pilots must have an excellent knowledge of aeronautical engineering , in order to understand how and why planes are tested .
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