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dgslibisey

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Nelson Mandela 90th Birthday Tribute", "paragraph_text": "The Nelson Mandela 90th Birthday Tribute was held in Hyde Park, London on 27 June 2008 to commemorate Nelson Mandela's ninetieth birthday (18 July). The concert formed part of the 46664 concert series to promote awareness of the HIV/AIDS pandemic, and came twenty years after the 1988 Nelson Mandela 70th Birthday Tribute Concert at Wembley, held while Mandela was still in prison.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "30 Years from Here", "paragraph_text": "30 Years From Here is an American made-for-television documentary about the 30 years war on the HIV and AIDS pandemic. The documentary was directed by Josh Rosenzweig for the LGBT cable network here!. The documentary debuted on November 25, 2011.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Virus", "paragraph_text": "Native American populations were devastated by contagious diseases, in particular, smallpox, brought to the Americas by European colonists. It is unclear how many Native Americans were killed by foreign diseases after the arrival of Columbus in the Americas, but the numbers have been estimated to be close to 70% of the indigenous population. The damage done by this disease significantly aided European attempts to displace and conquer the native population.A pandemic is a worldwide epidemic. The 1918 flu pandemic, which lasted until 1919, was a category 5 influenza pandemic caused by an unusually severe and deadly influenza A virus. The victims were often healthy young adults, in contrast to most influenza outbreaks, which predominantly affect juvenile, elderly, or otherwise-weakened patients. Older estimates say it killed 40–50 million people, while more recent research suggests that it may have killed as many as 100 million people, or 5% of the world's population in 1918.Most researchers believe that HIV originated in sub-Saharan Africa during the 20th century; it is now a pandemic, with an estimated 38.6 million people now living with the disease worldwide. The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) and the World Health Organization (WHO) estimate that AIDS has killed more than 25 million people since it was first recognised on 5 June 1981, making it one of the most destructive epidemics in recorded history. In 2007 there were 2.7 million new HIV infections and 2 million HIV-related deaths.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Shou Lung", "paragraph_text": "In the fictional Forgotten Realms campaign setting of the Dungeons & Dragons fantasy role-playing game, Shou Lung is a country in the continent of Kara-Tur, which is located to the east of Faerûn. It is modeled on Imperial China and is arguably the largest and most powerful nation in the world, due to the sheer size of their armies.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Spanish flu", "paragraph_text": "The 1918 flu pandemic (January 1918 -- December 1920) was an unusually deadly influenza pandemic, the first of the two pandemics involving H1N1 influenza virus. It infected 500 million people around the world, including remote Pacific islands and the Arctic, and resulted in the deaths of 50 to 100 million (three to five percent of the world's population), making it one of the deadliest natural disasters in human history. Disease had already greatly limited life expectancy in the early 20th century. A considerable spike occurred at the time of the pandemic, specifically the year 1918. Life expectancy in the United States alone dropped by about 12 years.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Germans", "paragraph_text": "In the midst of the European sovereign-debt crisis, Radek Sikorski, Poland's Foreign Minister, stated in November 2011, \"I will probably be the first Polish foreign minister in history to say so, but here it is: I fear German power less than I am beginning to fear German inactivity. You have become Europe's indispensable nation.\" According to Jacob Heilbrunn, a senior editor at The National Interest, such a statement is unprecedented when taking into consideration Germany's history. \"This was an extraordinary statement from a top official of a nation that was ravaged by Germany during World War II. And it reflects a profound shift taking place throughout Germany and Europe about Berlin's position at the center of the Continent.\" Heilbrunn believes that the adage, \"what was good for Germany was bad for the European Union\" has been supplanted by a new mentality—what is in the interest of Germany is also in the interest of its neighbors. The evolution in Germany's national identity stems from focusing less on its Nazi past and more on its Prussian history, which many Germans believe was betrayed—and not represented—by Nazism. The evolution is further precipitated by Germany's conspicuous position as Europe's strongest economy. Indeed, this German sphere of influence has been welcomed by the countries that border it, as demonstrated by Polish foreign minister Radek Sikorski's effusive praise for his country's western neighbor. This shift in thinking is boosted by a newer generation of Germans who see World War II as a distant memory.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Imperial College London", "paragraph_text": "In 1907, the newly established Board of Education found that greater capacity for higher technical education was needed and a proposal to merge the City and Guilds College, the Royal School of Mines and the Royal College of Science was approved and passed, creating The Imperial College of Science and Technology as a constituent college of the University of London. Imperial's Royal Charter, granted by Edward VII, was officially signed on 8 July 1907. The main campus of Imperial College was constructed beside the buildings of the Imperial Institute in South Kensington.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "SM UB-136", "paragraph_text": "SM \"UB-136\" was a German Type UB III submarine or U-boat built for the German Imperial Navy () during World War I. Completed after the end of hostilities, she was not commissioned into the German Imperial Navy but surrendered to Britain in accordance with the requirements of the Armistice with Germany. In 1922 she was broken up in Rochester.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Pandemrix", "paragraph_text": "Pandemrix is an influenza vaccine for influenza pandemics, such as the 2009 flu pandemic. The vaccine was developed by GlaxoSmithKline and patented in September 2006.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Josip Broz Tito", "paragraph_text": "Tito's estrangement from the USSR enabled Yugoslavia to obtain US aid via the Economic Cooperation Administration (ECA), the same US aid institution which administered the Marshall Plan. Still, he did not agree to align with the West, which was a common consequence of accepting American aid at the time. After Stalin's death in 1953, relations with the USSR were relaxed and he began to receive aid as well from the COMECON. In this way, Tito played East-West antagonism to his advantage. Instead of choosing sides, he was instrumental in kick-starting the Non-Aligned Movement, which would function as a 'third way' for countries interested in staying outside of the East-West divide.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Black Death in England", "paragraph_text": "The Black Death was a pneumonic plague pandemic, which reached England in June 1348. It was the first and most severe manifestation of the Second Pandemic, caused by Yersinia pestis bacteria. The term ``Black Death ''was not used until the late 17th century.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Pandemic", "paragraph_text": "HIV originated in Africa, and spread to the United States via Haiti between 1966 and 1972. AIDS is currently a pandemic, with infection rates as high as 25% in southern and eastern Africa. In 2006, the HIV prevalence rate among pregnant women in South Africa was 29.1%. Effective education about safer sexual practices and bloodborne infection precautions training have helped to slow down infection rates in several African countries sponsoring national education programs. Infection rates are rising again in Asia and the Americas. The AIDS death toll in Africa may reach 90–100 million by 2025.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Black Death in England", "paragraph_text": "The Black Death was a bubonic plague pandemic, which reached England in June 1348. It was the first and most severe manifestation of the Second Pandemic, caused by Yersinia pestis bacteria. The term ``Black Death ''was not used until the late 17th century.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Imperialism", "paragraph_text": "The principles of imperialism are often generalizable to the policies and practices of the British Empire \"during the last generation, and proceeds rather by diagnosis than by historical description\". British imperialism often used the concept of Terra nullius (Latin expression which stems from Roman law meaning 'empty land'). The country of Australia serves as a case study in relation to British settlement and colonial rule of the continent in the eighteenth century, as it was premised on terra nullius, and its settlers considered it unused by its sparse Aboriginal inhabitants.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Imperialism", "paragraph_text": "However, in 1883–84 Germany began to build a colonial empire in Africa and the South Pacific, before losing interest in imperialism. Historians have debated exactly why Germany made this sudden and short-lived move.[verification needed] Bismarck was aware that public opinion had started to demand colonies for reasons of German prestige. He was influenced by Hamburg merchants and traders, his neighbors at Friedrichsruh. The establishment of the German colonial empire proceeded smoothly, starting with German New Guinea in 1884.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 15, "title": "HIV/AIDS", "paragraph_text": "In 2016, about 36.7 million people were living with HIV and it resulted in 1 million deaths. There were 300,000 fewer new HIV cases in 2016 than in 2015. Most of those infected live in sub-Saharan Africa. From the time AIDS was identified in the early 1980s to 2017, the disease has caused an estimated 35 million deaths worldwide. HIV / AIDS is considered a pandemic -- a disease outbreak which is present over a large area and is actively spreading. HIV originated in west - central Africa during the late 19th or early 20th century. AIDS was first recognized by the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in 1981 and its cause -- HIV infection -- was identified in the early part of the decade.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Exotenwald Weinheim", "paragraph_text": "The Exotenwald Weinheim (about 60 hectares) is a forest arboretum located beside the Schlosspark in Weinheim, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is open daily without charge.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Brazil at the FIFA World Cup", "paragraph_text": "Brazil is the most successful national team in the history of the World Cup, having won five titles, earning second - place, third - place and fourth - place finishes twice each. Brazil is one of the countries besides Argentina, Spain and Germany to win a FIFA World Cup away from its continent (Sweden 1958, Mexico 1970, USA 1994 and South Korea / Japan 2002). Brazil is the only national team to have played in all FIFA World Cup editions without any absence or need for playoffs. Brazil also has the best overall performance in World Cup history in both proportional and absolute terms with a record of 73 victories in 109 matches played, 124 goal difference, 237 points and only 18 losses.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Um Himmels Willen", "paragraph_text": "The show aired at 20:15 on Tuesday nights on ARD in Germany. By June 2013, 156 episodes had been broadcast over eleven seasons. Besides being immensely popular in Germany (with some 7.2 million views per episode), the show is also broadcast daily in Austria, Switzerland, Italy, Hungary, and Denmark.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Spanish flu", "paragraph_text": "The 1918 influenza pandemic (January 1918 – December 1920; colloquially known as Spanish flu) was an unusually deadly influenza pandemic, the first of the two pandemics involving H1N1 influenza virus. It infected 500 million people around the world, including people on remote Pacific islands and in the Arctic, and resulted in the deaths of 50 to 100 million (three to five percent of Earth's human population at the time), making it one of the deadliest natural disasters in human history.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 161880, "question": "What continent has an AIDS pandemic?", "answer": "Africa", "paragraph_support_idx": 11 }, { "id": 42188, "question": "Besides #1 , where did Germany have imperial interests?", "answer": "South Pacific", "paragraph_support_idx": 14 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Sarita Vihar", "paragraph_text": "Sarita Vihar District Subdivision Sarita Vihar Location in Delhi, India Coordinates: 28 ° 32 ′ 02 ''N 77 ° 17 ′ 24'' E  /  28.533890 ° N 77.289942 ° E  / 28.533890; 77.289942 Coordinates: 28 ° 32 ′ 02 ''N 77 ° 17 ′ 24'' E  /  28.533890 ° N 77.289942 ° E  / 28.533890; 77.289942 Country India State Delhi District South East Delhi Government Body South Delhi Municipal Corporation Languages Official Hindi, English Time zone IST (UTC + 5: 30) PIN 110076 Nearest city Gurgaon / Faridabad / Noida / Greater Noida Lok Sabha constituency South Delhi Civic agency South Delhi Municipal Corporation", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Arjun College of Technology", "paragraph_text": "Arjun College of Technology located at Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India, is a private self-financing engineering institute. It was established in 2013 as part of the Arjun Group of Concerns. The college is approved by AICTE, New Delhi and affiliated to the Anna University, Chennai.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "National Gandhi Museum", "paragraph_text": "The National Gandhi Museum or Gandhi Memorial Museum is a museum located in New Delhi, India showcasing the life and principles of Mahatma Gandhi. The museum first opened in Mumbai, shortly after Gandhi was assassinated in 1948. The museum relocated several times before moving to Raj Ghat, New Delhi in 1961.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Dehradun", "paragraph_text": "Dehradun (/ ˌdɛərəˈduːn /) or Dehra Dun is the interim capital city of Uttarakhand, a state in the northern part of India. Located in the Garhwal region, it lies 236 kilometres (147 mi) north of India's capital New Delhi and 168 kilometres (104 mi) from Chandigarh. It is one of the ``Counter Magnets ''of the National Capital Region (NCR) being developed as an alternative centre of growth to help ease the migration and population explosion in the Delhi metropolitan area and to establish a smart city at Dehradun. During the days of British Raj, the official name of the town was Dehra.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Hyderabad", "paragraph_text": "Situated in the southern part of Telangana in southeastern India, Hyderabad is 1,566 kilometres (973 mi) south of Delhi, 699 kilometres (434 mi) southeast of Mumbai, and 570 kilometres (350 mi) north of Bangalore by road. It lies on the banks of the Musi River, in the northern part of the Deccan Plateau. Greater Hyderabad covers 650 km2 (250 sq mi), making it one of the largest metropolitan areas in India. With an average altitude of 542 metres (1,778 ft), Hyderabad lies on predominantly sloping terrain of grey and pink granite, dotted with small hills, the highest being Banjara Hills at 672 metres (2,205 ft). The city has numerous lakes referred to as sagar, meaning \"sea\". Examples include artificial lakes created by dams on the Musi, such as Hussain Sagar (built in 1562 near the city centre), Osman Sagar and Himayat Sagar. As of 1996, the city had 140 lakes and 834 water tanks (ponds).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Hyderabad", "paragraph_text": "The Kakatiya dynasty was reduced to a vassal of the Khilji dynasty in 1310 after its defeat by Sultan Alauddin Khilji of the Delhi Sultanate. This lasted until 1321, when the Kakatiya dynasty was annexed by Malik Kafur, Allaudin Khilji's general. During this period, Alauddin Khilji took the Koh-i-Noor diamond, which is said to have been mined from the Kollur Mines of Golkonda, to Delhi. Muhammad bin Tughluq succeeded to the Delhi sultanate in 1325, bringing Warangal under the rule of the Tughlaq dynasty until 1347 when Ala-ud-Din Bahman Shah, a governor under bin Tughluq, rebelled against Delhi and established the Bahmani Sultanate in the Deccan Plateau, with Gulbarga, 200 km (124 mi) west of Hyderabad, as its capital. The Bahmani kings ruled the region until 1518 and were the first independent Muslim rulers of the Deccan.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Delhi, Wisconsin", "paragraph_text": "Delhi, Wisconsin is a ghost town in the town of Rushford, Winnebago County, Wisconsin, United States. It is located on County Highway E between Omro and Eureka at the junction of the Fox River and Waukau Creek. Delhi was also known as La Borde's Landing. 1980 census records identify Delhi as Island Park. Delhi had an established post office between 1850-1893.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Deccan Plateau", "paragraph_text": "The climate of the region varies from semi-arid in the north to tropical in most of the region with distinct wet and dry seasons. Rain falls during the monsoon season from about June to October. March to June can be very dry and hot, with temperatures regularly exceeding 40 ° C. The Deccan plateau is a topographically variegated region located south of the Gangetic plains - the portion lying between the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal - and includes a substantial area to the north of the Satpura Range, which has popularly been regarded as the divide between northern India and the Deccan. The name derives from the Sanskrit daksina (``south ''). The plateau is bounded on the east and west by the Ghats, while its northern extremity is the Vindhya Range. The Deccan's average elevation is about 2,000 feet (600 m), sloping generally eastward; its principal rivers, the Godavari, Krishna, and Cauvery, flow from the Western Ghats eastward to the Bay of Bengal. The plateau's climate is drier than that on the coasts and is arid in places. Although sometimes used to mean all of India south of the Narmada River, the word Deccan relates more specifically to that area of rich volcanic soils and lava - covered plateaus in the northern part of the peninsula between the Narmada and Krishna rivers.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Holiday Inn New Delhi Mayur Vihar NOIDA", "paragraph_text": "Holiday Inn New Delhi / Mayur Vihar / NOIDA is a hotel in East Delhi, India, near NOIDA. It opened in 2011 alongside its sister property, Crowne Plaza New Delhi / Mayur Vihar / NOIDA. The hotel is part of the InterContinental Hotels Group, an international hotel chain hotel founded in 1946. This property is owned by Eros Resorts & Hotels Limited, a Delhi-based real estate and hospitality group who also own and manage other properties in the area. The management of the hotel is delegated to hoteliers from India and abroad.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "New Delhi", "paragraph_text": "New Delhi is governed through a municipal government, known as the New Delhi Municipal Council (NDMC). Other urban areas of the metropolis of Delhi are administered by the Municipal Corporation of Delhi (MCD). However, the entire metropolis of Delhi is commonly known as New Delhi in contrast to Old Delhi.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Rashtrapati Bhavan", "paragraph_text": "Rashtrapati Bhavan Location in New Delhi, Delhi, India Former names Viceroy's House Alternative names Presidential House General information Architectural style Delhi Order Location Rajpath, New Delhi, India Coordinates 28 ° 36 ′ 51.63 ''N 77 ° 11 ′ 59.29'' E  /  28.6143417 ° N 77.1998028 ° E  / 28.6143417; 77.1998028 Current tenants Ram Nath Kovind (President of India) Construction started 1912 Completed 1929; 89 years ago (1929) Technical details Size 130 hectare (321 acre) Floor area 200,000 sq ft (19,000 m) Design and construction Architect Edwin Lutyens", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Delhi Institute of Tool Engineering", "paragraph_text": "Delhi Institute of Tool Engineering (DITE) is a Delhi State Government Engineering college located in the Wazirpur Industrial Area of New Delhi, India.It has a new and specialized programme Mechatronics and Tool Engineering.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Geological history of Earth", "paragraph_text": "To the north of Africa the Tethys Sea continued to narrow. Broad shallow seas advanced across central North America (the Western Interior Seaway) and Europe, then receded late in the period, leaving thick marine deposits sandwiched between coal beds. At the peak of the Cretaceous transgression, one-third of Earth's present land area was submerged. The Cretaceous is justly famous for its chalk; indeed, more chalk formed in the Cretaceous than in any other period in the Phanerozoic. Mid-ocean ridge activity—or rather, the circulation of seawater through the enlarged ridges—enriched the oceans in calcium; this made the oceans more saturated, as well as increased the bioavailability of the element for calcareous nanoplankton. These widespread carbonates and other sedimentary deposits make the Cretaceous rock record especially fine. Famous formations from North America include the rich marine fossils of Kansas's Smoky Hill Chalk Member and the terrestrial fauna of the late Cretaceous Hell Creek Formation. Other important Cretaceous exposures occur in Europe and China. In the area that is now India, massive lava beds called the Deccan Traps were laid down in the very late Cretaceous and early Paleocene.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Telugu cuisine", "paragraph_text": "The Telangana state lies on the Deccan plateau and its topography dictates more millet and roti (leavened bread) based dishes. Jowar and Bajra features more prominently in their cuisine. Due to its proximity with Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh and northwest Karnataka, it shares some similarities of the Deccan plateau cuisine.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "New Delhi", "paragraph_text": "Calcutta (now Kolkata) was the capital of India during the British Raj until December 1911. However, Delhi had served as the political and financial centre of several empires of ancient India and the Delhi Sultanate, most notably of the Mughal Empire from 1649 to 1857. During the early 1900s, a proposal was made to the British administration to shift the capital of the British Indian Empire (as it was officially called) from Calcutta to Delhi. Unlike Calcutta, which was located on the eastern coast of India, Delhi was at the centre of northern India and the Government of British India felt that it would be logistically easier to administer India from the latter rather than the former.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 15, "title": "New Delhi", "paragraph_text": "Although colloquially Delhi and New Delhi as names are used interchangeably to refer to the jurisdiction of NCT of Delhi, these are two distinct entities, and the latter is a small part of the former.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah", "paragraph_text": "The major part of the shooting is done in Mumbai. However, some parts of the show have also been shot in places such as Gujarat, New Delhi, Goa and in foreign locations such as London, Brussels, Paris and Hong Kong.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "New Delhi", "paragraph_text": "Connaught Place, one of North India's largest commercial and financial centres, is located in the northern part of New Delhi. Adjoining areas such as Barakhamba Road, ITO are also major commercial centres. Government and quasi government sector was the primary employer in New Delhi. The city's service sector has expanded due in part to the large skilled English-speaking workforce that has attracted many multinational companies. Key service industries include information technology, telecommunications, hotels, banking, media and tourism.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "All India Institute of Ayurveda, Delhi", "paragraph_text": "The All India Institute of Ayurveda, Delhi (abbreviated AIIA Delhi or AIIAD) is a public Ayurveda medicine & research institution located in New Delhi, India.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Asirgarh Fort", "paragraph_text": "Asirgarh Fort is an Indian fortress \"(qila)\" situated in the Satpura Range about north of the city of Burhanpur, in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. Because the fortress commands a pass through the Satpuras connecting the valleys of the Narmada and Tapti rivers, one of the most important routes from northern India to the Deccan, it was known as the \"key to the Deccan\". During the Mughal Era, it was considered that the Deccan started here while the empire from Asirgarh to Delhi was considered Hindustan.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 39015, "question": "Where are the Deccan Traps?", "answer": "India", "paragraph_support_idx": 12 }, { "id": 11098, "question": "In what part of #1 is Delhi located?", "answer": "the centre of northern India", "paragraph_support_idx": 14 } ]

[ "IND", "IN", "India", "in", "Hindustan" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Take Me Out to the Ball Game", "paragraph_text": "Jack Norworth, while riding a subway train, was inspired by a sign that said ``Baseball Today -- Polo Grounds ''. In the song, Katie's beau calls to ask her out to see a show. She accepts the date, but only if her date will take her out to the baseball game. The words were set to music by Albert Von Tilzer. (Norworth and Von Tilzer finally saw their first Major League Baseball games 32 and 20 years later, respectively.) The song was first sung by Norworth's then - wife Nora Bayes and popularized by many other vaudeville acts. It was played at a ballpark for the first known time in 1934, at a high - school game in Los Angeles; it was played later that year during the fourth game of the 1934 World Series.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Gayle Haggard", "paragraph_text": "Gayle M. Haggard (born April 8, 1957) is an author, speaker and the wife of American evangelical preacher Ted Haggard.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Thomas Rutherford Bacon", "paragraph_text": "Thomas Rutherford Bacon came from a family of preachers: he was the son of Leonard Bacon and the brother of Leonard Woolsey Bacon, Edward Woolsey Bacon (of New London, Connecticut), and George B. Bacon, all Congregational preachers.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Saint of Killers", "paragraph_text": "The Saint of Killers first appeared as a heartless murderer, who is transformed into the Angel of Death under the condition that he takes up the role of collecting the souls of those who die by violence. Following his reanimation, Heaven arranged for him to be put into a deep slumber, until he was needed to kill people. The Saint was a primary antagonist in the Preacher series, who is tasked by Heaven to kill protagonist Jesse Custer due to his possession of the entity Genesis. Aside from Ennis and Dillon's Preacher, the Saint was featured in his own four - issue limited series, Preacher: Saint of Killers, which expanded on the Saint's background and motivation, and has appeared briefly in the DC Comics series Hitman, centered on a ``wise - cracking assassin plying his trade in Gotham City '', and is portrayed by Graham McTavish in the television series adaptation of Preacher.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Feldafing station", "paragraph_text": "The railway line from Munich to Starnberg was opened in 1854. On 1 July 1865, Feldafing station was opened along with the extension of the line to Weilheim. In 1900 and 1901 platform subway was built at the station. In 1902 the line was duplicated. Since 1972, the station has only been served by Munich S-Bahn trains.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Tremont Street subway", "paragraph_text": "The Tremont Street Subway in Boston's MBTA Subway system is the oldest subway tunnel in North America and the third oldest worldwide to exclusively use electric traction (after the City and South London Railway in 1890, and the Budapest Metro's Line 1 in 1896), opening on September 1, 1897. It was originally built to get streetcar lines off the traffic - clogged streets, instead of as a true rapid transit line. It now forms the central part of the Green Line, connecting Boylston Street to Park Street and Government Center stations.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Ilsan Line", "paragraph_text": "Ilsan Line is a subway line operated by Seoul Metropolitan Subway, in Seoul, South Korea. It is part of Seoul Metro's Line 3.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "David Lee (still photographer)", "paragraph_text": "He is the younger brother of film director Spike Lee, and has done the still photography for all of his older brother's feature films with the exception of \"Get on the Bus\" and \"He Got Game\". Other films he has done still photography for include \"The Preacher's Wife\", \"The Best Man\", \"Pollock\", \"Made\", \"Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind\", \"American Gangster\" and the television series \"The Wire\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Save New York", "paragraph_text": "\"Save New York\" is a shoot 'em up game where the player has to protect New York City from invading aliens. The game takes place on a single static screen with various skyscraper buildings and a subway tunnel running underneath them. At either edge of the screen is an airplane launching pad.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Jared Fogle", "paragraph_text": "Jared Scott Fogle (born August 23, 1977), also known as ``the Subway Guy '', is an American former spokesperson for Subway restaurants and convicted child molester. After his significant weight loss attributed to eating Subway sandwiches, Fogle was made a spokesperson for the company's advertising campaigns from 2000 to 2015.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "History of the New York City Subway", "paragraph_text": "The first underground line opened on October 27, 1904, almost 35 years after the opening of the first elevated line in New York City, which became the IRT Ninth Avenue Line. By the time the first subway opened, the lines had been consolidated into two privately owned systems, the Brooklyn Rapid Transit Company (BRT, later Brooklyn -- Manhattan Transit Corporation, BMT) and the Interborough Rapid Transit Company (IRT). Many present lines were built under the Dual Contracts, and after 1913, all lines built for the IRT and most other lines built or improved for the BRT were built by the city and leased to the companies. The first line of the city - owned and operated Independent Subway System (IND) opened in 1932; this system was intended to compete with the private systems and allow some of the elevated railways to be torn down, but kept within the core of the City due to the low amount of startup capital provided to the municipal Board of Transportation, the later MTA, by the state. This required it to be run ``at cost '', necessitating fares up to double the five - cent fare popular at the time.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Buckeye, Kansas", "paragraph_text": "Buckeye is a rural unincorporated community in Dickinson County, Kansas, United States. Buckeye was started as a colony/settlement by Universalist preacher Vear P. Wilson. Buckeye colony had nearly two hundred settlers and a church built by 1870.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Spinsters in Jeopardy", "paragraph_text": "Spinsters in Jeopardy is a detective novel by Ngaio Marsh; it is the seventeenth novel to feature Roderick Alleyn, and was first published in 1954. The novel takes place in the countryside of France, where Alleyn is vacationing with Agatha Troy, now his wife, and their son Ricky; it concerns an unusual and sinister plot which is perpetrated against travelling spinsters.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "New Delhi", "paragraph_text": "The Rajpath which was built similar to the Champs-Élysées in Paris is the ceremonial boulevard for the Republic of India located in New Delhi. The annual Republic Day parade takes place here on 26 January.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "The Preacher's Wife", "paragraph_text": "Rev. Henry Biggs (Courtney B. Vance) is the pastor of a small struggling Baptist church in a poverty - stricken neighborhood of New York City. Membership is declining, Henry is pulled in a hundred directions by his parishioners' needs, and the church's finances are in trouble. Henry is under intense pressure from real estate developer Joe Hamilton (Gregory Hines) to sell the church's property so that Hamilton can build luxury condominiums on the site. Henry has also become neglectful of his wife, Julia (Whitney Houston), and his son, Jeremiah. Julia worries that her marriage is failing. Unsure that he can make a difference in his parishioners' lives and beginning to lose his faith, Henry prays to God for help, which comes in the form of Dudley (Denzel Washington), a witty and debonair angel. Dudley tells Henry that he is an angel sent by God to help him, but Henry is deeply suspicious of Dudley. Julia, however, is instantly charmed by the handsome and unflappable angel.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Frederick Denison Maurice", "paragraph_text": "John Frederick Denison Maurice was born in Normanton, Suffolk, on 29 August 1805, the only son of Michael Maurice and his wife, Priscilla. Michael Maurice was the evening preacher in a Unitarian chapel. Deaths in the family brought about changes in the family's \"religious convictions\" and \"vehement disagreement\" between family members. Maurice later wrote about these disagreements and their effect on him:", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Diamant premetro station", "paragraph_text": "The Diamant premetro station is a station on the Brussels Metro located in the municipality of Schaerbeek in Brussels, Belgium. It was inaugurated on May 2, 1972. The station is a \"premetro\" station. It is thus not used by conventional subway trains, but by Brussels trams. It is one of four subway stations of the so-called Greater Ring axis built in the 1970s, which runs under the greater ring road. This underground station is currently served by tram routes 7 and 25. It offers a connection with bus routes 12, 21, 28, 29 and 79 at ground level.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "New York City", "paragraph_text": "Multibillion US$ heavy-rail transit projects under construction in New York City include the Second Avenue Subway, the East Side Access project, and the 7 Subway Extension.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Dominican Order", "paragraph_text": "Founded to preach the Gospel and to combat heresy, the teaching activity of the order and its scholastic organization placed the Preachers in the forefront of the intellectual life of the Middle Ages. The order is famed for its intellectual tradition, having produced many leading theologians and philosophers. The Dominican Order is headed by the Master of the Order, who is currently Bruno Cadoré. Members of the order generally carry the letters O.P., standing for Ordinis Praedicatorum, meaning of the Order of Preachers, after their names.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Whitney Houston", "paragraph_text": "Houston made her screen acting debut in the romantic thriller film The Bodyguard (1992). She recorded seven songs for the film's soundtrack, including \"I Will Always Love You\", which received the Grammy Award for Record of the Year and became the best-selling single by a woman in music history. The soundtrack album received the Grammy Award for Album of the Year and remains the world's best-selling soundtrack album of all time. Houston made other high-profile film appearances, including Waiting to Exhale (1995) and The Preacher's Wife (1996). The theme song \"Exhale (Shoop Shoop)\" became her eleventh and final number-one single on the Hot 100 chart, while The Preacher Wife's soundtrack became the best-selling gospel album in history.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 69292, "question": "where did the preacher's wife take place", "answer": "New York City", "paragraph_support_idx": 14 }, { "id": 90942, "question": "when were the subways built in #1", "answer": "October 27, 1904", "paragraph_support_idx": 10 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Sheely Bridge", "paragraph_text": "The Sheely Bridge, originally known as the Carbondale Bridge, carries pedestrian traffic across the Roaring Fork River at Mill Street Park in Aspen, Colorado, United States. It is a short steel truss bridge originally located downstream in Carbondale and later moved to its present location.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "The Ten-Year Lunch", "paragraph_text": "The Ten-Year Lunch: The Wit and Legend of the Algonquin Round Table is a 1987 American documentary film about the Algonquin Round Table, a floating group of writers and actors in the \"Roaring Twenties\" in New York City, which included great names such as Dorothy Parker, Robert Benchley, George S. Kaufman, Edna Ferber, Marc Connelly, Harold Ross and Harpo Marx. It was produced and directed by Aviva Slesin and narrated by Heywood Hale Broun.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Modern history", "paragraph_text": "In North America, especially the first half of this period, people experienced considerable prosperity in the Roaring Twenties. The social and societal upheaval known as the Roaring Twenties began in North America and spread to Europe in the aftermath of World War I. The Roaring Twenties, often called \"The Jazz Age\", saw an exposition of social, artistic, and cultural dynamism. 'Normalcy' returned to politics, jazz music blossomed, the flapper redefined modern womanhood, Art Deco peaked. The spirit of the Roaring Twenties was marked by a general feeling of discontinuity associated with modernity, a break with traditions. Everything seemed to be feasible through modern technology. New technologies, especially automobiles, movies and radio proliferated 'modernity' to a large part of the population. The 1920s saw the general favor of practicality, in architecture as well as in daily life. The 1920s was further distinguished by several inventions and discoveries, extensive industrial growth and the rise in consumer demand and aspirations, and significant changes in lifestyle.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Black Death in England", "paragraph_text": "During the first half of 1349 the Black Death spread northwards. A second front opened up when the plague arrived by ship at the Humber, wherefrom it spread both south and north. In May it reached York, and during the summer months of June, July and August, it ravaged the north. Certain northern counties, like Durham and Cumberland, had been the victim of violent incursions from the Scots, and were therefore left particularly vulnerable to the devastations of the plague. Pestilence is less virulent during the winter months, and spreads less rapidly. The Black Death in England had survived the winter of 1348 -- 49, but during the following winter it gave in, and by December 1349 conditions were returning to relative normalcy. It had taken the disease approximately 500 days to traverse the entire country.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Ahwahnee Heritage Days", "paragraph_text": "Ahwahnee Heritage Days is a festival held in Yosemite Valley, in Yosemite National Park, every February or March annually. The Ahwahnee Hotel celebrates the Roaring Twenties, and the 1930s and 1940s - with music performances, as well as cultural and history events.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Africanized bee", "paragraph_text": "The Africanized honey bee was first introduced to Brazil in the 1950s in an effort to increase honey production, but in 1957, 26 swarms accidentally escaped quarantine. Since then, the species has spread throughout South America and arrived in North America in 1985. Hives were found in south Texas of the United States in 1990.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "The Roaring Road", "paragraph_text": "The Roaring Road is a 1919 American silent action romance film produced by Famous Players-Lasky and distributed by Paramount Pictures. It is taken from the short stories by Byron Morgan; \"Junkpile Sweepstakes\", \"Undertaker's Handicap\", and \"Roaring Road\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Zhejiang", "paragraph_text": "Islam arrived 1,400 years ago in Zhejiang. Today Islam is practiced by a small number of people including virtually all the Hui Chinese living in Zhejiang. Another religion present in the province is She shamanism (practiced by She ethnic minority).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Resorts Casino Hotel", "paragraph_text": "Resorts Casino Hotel is a hotel and casino in Atlantic City, New Jersey. Resorts was the first casino hotel in Atlantic City, becoming the first legal casino outside of Nevada in the United States, when it opened on May 26, 1978. The resort completed an expansion in 2004, adding the 27 - story Rendezvous Tower, and underwent renovations in 2011, converting the resort to a Roaring Twenties theme.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Modern history", "paragraph_text": "Europe spent these years rebuilding and coming to terms with the vast human cost of the conflict. The economy of the United States became increasingly intertwined with that of Europe. In Germany, the Weimar Republic gave way to episodes of political and economic turmoil, which culminated with the German hyperinflation of 1923 and the failed Beer Hall Putsch of that same year. When Germany could no longer afford war payments, Wall Street invested heavily in European debts to keep the European economy afloat as a large consumer market for American mass-produced goods. By the middle of the decade, economic development soared in Europe, and the Roaring Twenties broke out in Germany, Britain and France, the second half of the decade becoming known as the \"Golden Twenties\". In France and francophone Canada, they were also called the \"années folles\" (\"Crazy Years\").", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Eyam", "paragraph_text": "The history of the plague in the village began in 1665 when a flea - infested bundle of cloth arrived from London for the local tailor. Within a week his assistant George Vicars was dead and more began dying in the household soon after. As the disease spread, the villagers turned for leadership to their rector, the Reverend William Mompesson, and the Puritan Minister Thomas Stanley. These introduced a number of precautions to slow the spread of the illness from May 1666. They included the arrangement that families were to bury their own dead and relocation of church services to the natural amphitheatre of Cucklett Delph, allowing villagers to separate themselves and so reducing the risk of infection. Perhaps the best - known decision was to quarantine the entire village to prevent further spread of the disease.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Deshaun Watson", "paragraph_text": "Watson attended Gainesville High School in Gainesville, Georgia, arriving there in the fall of 2010. He played for the school's football team. Gainesville head coach Bruce Miller had planned to start a rising junior to quarterback his spread offense, but Watson won the starting spot. He was the first freshman quarterback Coach Miller had ever started.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Roaring Creek, North Carolina", "paragraph_text": "Roaring Creek is an unincorporated community in Avery County, North Carolina, United States. The community was named after Roaring Creek, which flows in the area. The community is located along US 19-E, between the communities of Frank and Plumtree.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Ritz-Carlton Atlantic City", "paragraph_text": "The Ritz-Carlton Atlantic City began as a hotel on the Boardwalk in Atlantic City, New Jersey, built at the beginning of the Roaring Twenties and renowned for its luxurious decor and famous guests. It was used as an apartment hotel beginning in 1969, and then purchased in 1978 intending to develop it as a hotel/casino. The building was converted to The Ritz Condominiums in 1982.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Europe", "paragraph_text": "The geological history of Europe traces back to the formation of the Baltic Shield (Fennoscandia) and the Sarmatian craton, both around 2.25 billion years ago, followed by the Volgo -- Uralia shield, the three together leading to the East European craton (≈ Baltica) which became a part of the supercontinent Columbia. Around 1.1 billion years ago, Baltica and Arctica (as part of the Laurentia block) became joined to Rodinia, later resplitting around 550 million years ago to reform as Baltica. Around 440 million years ago Euramerica was formed from Baltica and Laurentia; a further joining with Gondwana then leading to the formation of Pangea. Around 190 million years ago, Gondwana and Laurasia split apart due to the widening of the Atlantic Ocean. Finally, and very soon afterwards, Laurasia itself split up again, into Laurentia (North America) and the Eurasian continent. The land connection between the two persisted for a considerable time, via Greenland, leading to interchange of animal species. From around 50 million years ago, rising and falling sea levels have determined the actual shape of Europe, and its connections with continents such as Asia. Europe's present shape dates to the late Tertiary period about five million years ago.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 15, "title": "The Great Gatsby (2013 film)", "paragraph_text": "The Great Gatsby is a 2013 romance drama film based on F. Scott Fitzgerald's 1925 novel of the same name. The film was co-written and directed by Baz Luhrmann and stars Leonardo DiCaprio as the eponymous Jay Gatsby, with Tobey Maguire, Carey Mulligan, Joel Edgerton, Isla Fisher and Elizabeth Debicki. Production began in 2011 and took place in Australia, with a $190 million budget. The film follows the life and times of millionaire Jay Gatsby and his neighbor Nick Carraway (Tobey Maguire), who recounts his encounter with Gatsby at the height of the Roaring Twenties in New York state.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "South Branch Roaring Creek", "paragraph_text": "South Branch Roaring Creek is a tributary of Roaring Creek in Columbia County and Northumberland County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is approximately long. The upper reaches of the creek are located in Weiser State Forest, between Big Mountain and Little Mountain. The creek is home to some trout and is considered a high-quality coldwater fishery. The Chemung Formation occurs in the creek's watershed. The watershed is 25 square miles in area.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Everything's Jake", "paragraph_text": "Everything's Jake is a 2000 drama film distributed by Warner Bros. The movie marks the feature writing and directorial debut of Matthew Miele, along with his producing/writing partner, Chris Fetchko. Aside from the film title referring to the main character, it is also a slang expression from the Roaring Twenties in the United States, meaning \"everything is good order\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Three and One-half Fathom Ledge", "paragraph_text": "Three and One-half Fathom Ledge in Massachusetts, is a small barren rock in Massachusetts Bay, located within the city limits of Boston, USA. The rock is northeast of Martin Ledge and far east of the Roaring Bulls.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "The Great Gatsby", "paragraph_text": "The Great Gatsby is a 1925 novel written by American author F. Scott Fitzgerald that follows a cast of characters living in the fictional town of West Egg on prosperous Long Island in the summer of 1922. The story primarily concerns the young and mysterious millionaire Jay Gatsby and his quixotic passion and obsession for the beautiful former debutante Daisy Buchanan. Considered to be Fitzgerald's magnum opus, The Great Gatsby explores themes of decadence, idealism, resistance to change, social upheaval, and excess, creating a portrait of the Jazz Age or the Roaring Twenties that has been described as a cautionary tale regarding the American Dream.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 33278, "question": "Where did the \"Roaring Twenties\" spread to after the war?", "answer": "Europe", "paragraph_support_idx": 2 }, { "id": 87201, "question": "when did #1 arrive at the location it is in today", "answer": "the late Tertiary period about five million years ago", "paragraph_support_idx": 14 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "American Idol", "paragraph_text": "The finals are broadcast in prime time from CBS Television City in Los Angeles, in front of a live studio audience. The finals lasted eight weeks in season one, eleven weeks in subsequent seasons until seasons ten and eleven which lasted twelve weeks except for season twelve, which lasted ten weeks, and season thirteen, which lasted for thirteen weeks. Each finalist performs songs based on a weekly theme which may be a musical genre such as Motown, disco, or big band, songs by artists such as Michael Jackson, Elvis Presley or The Beatles, or more general themes such as Billboard Number 1 hits or songs from the contestant's year of birth. Contestants usually work with a celebrity mentor related to the theme. In season ten, Jimmy Iovine was brought in as a mentor for the season. Initially the contestants sing one song each week, but this is increased to two songs from top four or five onwards, then three songs for the top two or three.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "American Idol", "paragraph_text": "Once in Hollywood, the contestants perform individually or in groups in a series of rounds. Until season ten, there were usually three rounds of eliminations in Hollywood. In the first round the contestants emerged in groups but performed individually. For the next round, the contestants put themselves in small groups and perform a song together. In the final round, the contestants perform solo with a song of their choice a cappella or accompanied by a band‍—‌depending on the season. In seasons two and three, contestants were also asked to write original lyrics or melody in an additional round after the first round. In season seven, the group round was eliminated and contestants may, after a first solo performance and on judges approval, skip a second solo round and move directly to the final Hollywood round. In season twelve, the executive producers split up the females and males and chose the members to form the groups in the group round.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "1996 British motorcycle Grand Prix", "paragraph_text": "The 1996 British motorcycle Grand Prix was the ninth round of the 1996 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season. It took place on 21 July 1996 at Donington Park.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "American Idol", "paragraph_text": "With the exception of seasons one and two, the contestants in the semifinals onwards perform in front of a studio audience. They perform with a full band in the finals. From season four to season nine, the American Idol band was led by Rickey Minor; from season ten onwards, Ray Chew. Assistance may also be given by vocal coaches and song arrangers, such as Michael Orland and Debra Byrd to contestants behind the scene. Starting with season seven, contestants may perform with a musical instrument from the Hollywood rounds onwards. In the first nine seasons, performances were usually aired live on Tuesday nights, followed by the results shows on Wednesdays in the United States and Canada, but moved to Wednesdays and Thursdays in season ten.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "America's Got Talent", "paragraph_text": "During the live shows, a group of acts ranging from only a Top 20 (season two), to as many as 60, compete for viewers' and judges' votes. In the first season, the judges could not end an act's performance, but could either ``check ''or`` X'' the performance during their critique. Since season two (2007), judges have been able to end an act's performance early, and the ``check ''was removed. Generally, acts each perform first in a live round consisting of a series of quarterfinals. In seasons with YouTube auditions, the round of live judging of YouTube finalists takes place then, as part of these quarterfinals. Then there may be additional shows for`` Wild Card'' acts -- acts that one or more of the judges select to be given one more chance for audience vote despite previous elimination. From these shows, the existing group is narrowed through votes by the public and / or the judges (depending on the season). Acts then move on to a semifinal round, and even further rounds (such as a ``Top 8 ''or a`` Top 10'', depending on the season) through a series of weekly shows, which trim the number of acts down each time based on a public vote. In the majority of seasons, judges have had no vote from the semifinals. All these rounds culminate in a live final, which has consisted of anywhere from four to ten acts throughout the seasons. The act with the most votes is declared the winner, given $1 million, and, since season three (2008), a chance to headline a show on the Las Vegas Strip.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "American Idol", "paragraph_text": "In seasons ten and eleven, a further round was added in Las Vegas, where the contestants perform in groups based on a theme, followed by one final solo round to determine the semi-finalists. At the end of this stage of the competition, 24 to 36 contestants are selected to move on to the semi-final stage. In season twelve the Las Vegas round became a Sudden Death round, where the judges had to choose five guys and five girls each night (four nights) to make the top twenty. In season thirteen, a new round called \"Hollywood or Home\" was added, where if the judges were uncertain about some contestants, those contestants were required to perform soon after landing in Los Angeles, and those who failed to impress were sent back home before they reached Hollywood.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 6, "title": "American Idol", "paragraph_text": "American Idol has traditionally released studio recordings of contestants' performances as well as the winner's coronation single for sale. For the first five seasons, the recordings were released as a compilation album at the end of the season. All five of these albums reached the top ten in Billboard 200 which made then American Idol the most successful soundtrack franchise of any motion picture or television program. Starting late in season five, individual performances were released during the season as digital downloads, initially from the American Idol official website only. In season seven the live performances and studio recordings were made available during the season from iTunes when it joined as a sponsor. In Season ten the weekly studio recordings were also released as compilation digital album straight after performance night.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "American Idol", "paragraph_text": "From the semi-finals onwards, the fate of the contestants is decided by public vote. During the contestant's performance as well as the recap at the end, a toll-free telephone number for each contestant is displayed on the screen. For a two-hour period after the episode ends (up to four hours for the finale) in each US time zone, viewers may call or send a text message to their preferred contestant's telephone number, and each call or text message is registered as a vote for that contestant. Viewers are allowed to vote as many times as they can within the two-hour voting window. However, the show reserves the right to discard votes by power dialers. One or more of the least popular contestants may be eliminated in successive weeks until a winner emerges. Over 110 million votes were cast in the first season, and by season ten the seasonal total had increased to nearly 750 million. Voting via text messaging was made available in the second season when AT&T Wireless joined as a sponsor of the show, and 7.5 million text messages were sent to American Idol that season. The number of text messages rapidly increased, reaching 178 million texts by season eight. Online voting was offered for the first time in season ten. The votes are counted and verified by Telescope Inc.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Melodifestivalen 1986", "paragraph_text": "Melodifestivalen 1986 was the selection for the 26th song to represent Sweden at the Eurovision Song Contest. It was the 25th time that this system of picking a song had been used. 90 songs were submitted to SVT for the competition. The final was broadcast on TV1 and was not broadcast on radio. No orchestra was used, and instead the ten songs were broadcast as music videos. The five songs that qualified for the second round were performed live to backing track.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "2015 United States Grand Prix", "paragraph_text": "The 2015 United States Grand Prix (formally known as the 2015 Formula 1 United States Grand Prix) was a Formula One motor race that took place on 25 October 2015. The race was contested over fifty-six laps and held at the Circuit of the Americas. It was the sixteenth round of the 2015 season and marked the thirty-seventh time that the United States Grand Prix was run as a round of the World Championship since its inception in , and the fourth time that the event was hosted at this circuit.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Manny Pacquiao vs. Timothy Bradley", "paragraph_text": "Manny Pacquiao vs. Timothy Bradley, billed as ``Perfect Storm '', was a welterweight title boxing match held on June 9, 2012, at the MGM Grand Garden Arena in Paradise, Nevada. After 12 rounds, Bradley won a highly controversial split decision to take the WBO welterweight title.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "1979 Austrian motorcycle Grand Prix", "paragraph_text": "The 1979 Austrian motorcycle Grand Prix was the second round of the 1979 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season. It took place on 29 April 1979 at the Salzburgring circuit.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "MGM Grand Las Vegas", "paragraph_text": "When the latest MGM Grand opened on December 18, 1993, it was owned by MGM Grand Inc. At that time it had an extensive Wizard of Oz theme, including the green ``Emerald City ''color of the building and the decorative use of Wizard of Oz memorabilia. After entering the casino's main entrance, one would find themselves in the Oz Casino facing Emerald City. Dorothy, the Scarecrow, the Tin Man, and the Cowardly Lion were seen in front of the city. The Emerald City attraction featured an elaborate yellow brick road walk - through, complete with the cornfield, apple orchard, and haunted forest, as well as audio - animatronic figures of Dorothy, the Scarecrow, the Tin Man, the Cowardly Lion, and the Wicked Witch of the West. It would end at the door of the city, leading inside for a performance of`` The Wizard's Secrets''. When MGM Grand began its extensive refurbishment in 1996, the Oz Casino was the first to go. The Emerald City was completely demolished, and the Emerald City Gift Shop was moved to a new shopping section of the casino. The store remained open until early 2003.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 13, "title": "2012 Bahrain Grand Prix", "paragraph_text": "The 2012 Bahrain Grand Prix (formally known as the 2012 Formula 1 Gulf Air Bahrain Grand Prix) was a Formula One motor race held on 22 April 2012 at the Bahrain International Circuit in Sakhir, Bahrain. It was the first time Formula One returned to Bahrain after the 2011 race was cancelled due to ongoing anti-government protests. The race, the eighth running of the Bahrain Grand Prix, was contested over 57 laps and was the fourth round of the 2012 Formula One season.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "1993 Japanese motorcycle Grand Prix", "paragraph_text": "The 1993 Japanese motorcycle Grand Prix was the third round of the 1993 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season. It took place on 18 April 1993, at the Suzuka Circuit.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "American Idol", "paragraph_text": "This was the first season where the contestants were permitted to perform in the final rounds songs they wrote themselves. In the Top 8, Sam Woolf received the fewest votes, but he was saved from elimination by the judges. The 500th episode of the series was the Top 3 performance night.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "America's Got Talent", "paragraph_text": "During seasons one through six (2006 -- 11), the live shows were filmed at Stage 36 of CBS Television City in Los Angeles. In season seven (2012), the live shows were held at the New Jersey Performing Arts Center in Newark. From seasons eight through ten (2013 -- 15), live performances were held at Radio City Music Hall in New York. From season eleven (2016) onwards the live shows are being held at the Dolby Theatre.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "American Idol", "paragraph_text": "Season ten is the first to include online auditions where contestants could submit a 40-second video audition via Myspace. Karen Rodriguez was one such auditioner and reached the final rounds.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "American Idol", "paragraph_text": "The American Idol Songwriter contest was also held this season. From ten of the most popular submissions, each of the final two contestants chose a song to perform, although neither of their selections was used as the \"coronation song\". The winning song, \"The Time of My Life\", was recorded by David Cook and released on May 22, 2008.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "American Idol", "paragraph_text": "The wildcard round returned in season eight, wherein there were three groups of twelve, with three contestants moving forward – the highest male, the highest female, and the next highest-placed singer - for each night, and four wildcards were chosen by the judges to produce a final 13. Starting season ten, the girls and boys perform on separate nights. In seasons ten and eleven, five of each gender were chosen, and three wildcards were chosen by the judges to form a final 13. In season twelve, the top twenty semifinalists were split into gender groups, with five of each gender advancing to form the final 10. In season thirteen, there were thirty semifinalists, but only twenty semifinalists (ten for each gender) were chosen by the judges to perform on the live shows, with five in each gender and three wildcards chosen by the judges composing the final 13.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 3026, "question": "In what city did contestants perform an additional round in seasons ten and eleven?", "answer": "Las Vegas", "paragraph_support_idx": 5 }, { "id": 69925, "question": "when was the mgm grand built in #1", "answer": "December 18, 1993", "paragraph_support_idx": 12 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "List of European Cup and UEFA Champions League finals", "paragraph_text": "A total of 20 clubs have won the Champions League / European Cup. Real Madrid hold the record for the most victories, having won the competition 13 times, including the inaugural competition. They have also won the competition the most times in a row, winning it five times from 1956 to 1960. Juventus have been runners - up the most times, losing seven finals. Atlético Madrid is the only team to reach three finals without having won the trophy while Reims and Valencia have finished as runners - up twice without winning. Spain has provided the most champions, with 18 wins from two clubs. Italy have produced 12 winners from three clubs and England have produced 12 winners from five clubs. English teams were banned from the competition for five years following the Heysel disaster in 1985. The current champions are Real Madrid, who beat Liverpool in the 2018 final.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Economic history of Germany", "paragraph_text": "From the 1830s and 1840s, Prussia, Saxony, and other states reorganized agriculture, introducing sugar beets, turnips, and potatoes, yielding a higher level of food production that enabled a surplus rural population to move to industrial areas. The beginning of the industrial revolution in Germany came in the textile industry, and was facilitated by eliminating tariff barriers through the Zollverein, starting in 1834. The takeoff stage of economic development came with the railroad revolution in the 1840s, which opened up new markets for local products, created a pool of middle managers, increased the demand for engineers, architects and skilled machinists, and stimulated investments in coal and iron. The political decisions about the economy of Prussia (and after 1871, all of Germany) were largely controlled by a coalition of ``rye and iron '', that is the Junker landowners of the east and the heavy industry of the west.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 2, "title": "2006 UEFA Champions League Final", "paragraph_text": "The 2006 UEFA Champions League Final was an association football match between Barcelona of Spain and Arsenal of England at the Stade de France in Saint - Denis, Paris, France, on Wednesday, 17 May 2006. It was the final match of the 2005 -- 06 season of Europe's primary cup competition, the UEFA Champions League. Barcelona were appearing in their fifth final, having won the competition once in 1992, and lost the other three finals. Arsenal were appearing in the final for the first time and in doing so became the first club from London to feature in the final.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Modern history", "paragraph_text": "Many major events caused Europe to change around the start of the 16th century, starting with the Fall of Constantinople in 1453, the fall of Muslim Spain and the discovery of the Americas in 1492, and Martin Luther's Protestant Reformation in 1517. In England the modern period is often dated to the start of the Tudor period with the victory of Henry VII over Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth in 1485. Early modern European history is usually seen to span from the start of the 15th century, through the Age of Reason and the Age of Enlightenment in the 17th and 18th centuries, until the beginning of the Industrial Revolution in the late 18th century.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Iker Casillas", "paragraph_text": "With the exclusion of his Real Madrid teammate Raúl from the squad for Euro 2008, Casillas was given the captain's armband. He started the first two Group D games against Russia and Sweden before being rested in place of second-choice goalkeeper Pepe Reina for Spain's group stage elimination of Greece. Casillas saved two penalties from Antonio Di Natale and Daniele De Rossi as Spain eliminated Italy in the quarter-finals with a 4–2 shootout win following a goalless draw on 22 June. Spain later went on to win the competition with a 1–0 win over Germany in the final on 29 June. Casillas kept clean sheets in all of the quarter-final, semi-final and final matches, with Sweden's first round goal by Zlatan Ibrahimović being the last one scored against him. On 29 June 2008, Casillas became the first goalkeeper-captain to lift the UEFA European Championship trophy when Spain beat Germany in the final.In October 2008, Casillas and back-up Pepe Reina broke the national record for the longest time spent without conceding a goal. The pair went unbeaten for 710 minutes, longer than Spain's longest-serving goalkeeper Andoni Zubizarreta and Paco Buyo. Wesley Sonck of Belgium ended their goalless streak when he scored against them a 2010 World Cup qualifying match.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 5, "title": "List of All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship winners", "paragraph_text": "Kilkenny hold the record for the most victories, winning the competition thirty - six times since its inception. They have also won the competition the most times in - a-row, winning it four times from 2006 to 2009, a record they share with Cork who won it four times from 1941 to 1944. Kilkenny have also been runners - up the most times, losing the final twenty - five times. The province of Munster has provided the most champions, with seventy - one wins between all six counties.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "History of Arsenal F.C. (1966–present)", "paragraph_text": "The 2016 / 17 season was one of Arsenal's most testing for competitions in Europe, having taken a race with Liverpool and Manchester City to the final day of the season. Despite winning 3 - 1 against Everton, results elsewhere meant they only finished fifth, missing out on a Champions League spot for the first time in two decades. However Arsenal won the FA Cup Final 2 - 1 against Chelsea. This was their third win in four seasons and made them the most successful club in the history of the competition.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "List of European Cup and UEFA Champions League finals", "paragraph_text": "A total of 22 clubs have won the Champions League / European Cup. Real Madrid hold the record for the most victories, having won the competition 13 times, including the inaugural competition. They have also won the competition the most times in a row, winning it five times from 1956 to 1960. Juventus have been runners - up the most times, losing seven finals. Atlético Madrid is the only team to reach three finals without having won the trophy while Reims and Valencia have finished as runners - up twice without winning. Spain has provided the most champions, with 18 wins from two clubs. Italy have produced 12 winners from three clubs and England have produced 12 winners from five clubs. English teams were banned from the competition for five years following the Heysel disaster in 1985. The current champions are Real Madrid, who beat Liverpool in the 2018 final.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "2011–12 Azerbaijan Cup", "paragraph_text": "The Azerbaijan Cup 2011–12 is the 20th season of the annual cup competition in Azerbaijan. It started on 26 October 2011 with five games of the Premiliary Round and will end in May 2012 with the Final. FC Inter Baku are the defending champions. Twenty-two teams are scheduled to compete in this year's competition.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Industrial Revolution", "paragraph_text": "The precise start and end of the Industrial Revolution is still debated among historians, as is the pace of economic and social changes. Eric Hobsbawm held that the Industrial Revolution began in Britain in the 1780s and was not fully felt until the 1830s or 1840s, while T.S. Ashton held that it occurred roughly between 1760 and 1830. Rapid industrialization first began in Britain, starting with mechanized spinning in the 1780s, with high rates of growth in steam power and iron production occurring after 1800. Mechanized textile production spread from Great Britain to continental Europe and the United States in the early 19th century, with important centres of textiles, iron and coal emerging in Belgium and the United States and later textiles in France.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Early modern Europe", "paragraph_text": "Early modern Europe is the period of European history between the end of the Middle Ages and the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, roughly the late 15th century to the late 18th century. Historians variously mark the beginning of the early modern period with the invention of moveable type printing in the 1450s, the Fall of Constantinople in 1453, the end of the Wars of the Roses in 1487, the beginning of the High Renaissance in Italy in the 1490s, the end of the Reconquista and subsequent voyages of Christopher Columbus to the Americas in 1492, or the start of the Protestant Reformation in 1517. The precise dates of its end point also vary and are usually linked with either the start of the French Revolution in 1789 or with the more vaguely defined beginning of the Industrial Revolution in late 18th century England.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "List of FIFA Club World Cup finals", "paragraph_text": "Barcelona and Real Madrid hold the record for most victories, winning the competition three times each since its inception. Teams from Spain have won the tournament the most times, with six winners produced from that nation. The Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) is the most successful confederation of the competition with ten titles earned by six of its clubs. The current champions are Real Madrid, who were defending champions and won their third title, following a 1 -- 0 win against Grêmio in the 2017 FIFA Club World Cup Final at the Zayed Sports City Stadium in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Melodifestivalen 1974", "paragraph_text": "Melodifestivalen 1974 was the selection for the 15th song to represent Sweden at the Eurovision Song Contest. It was the 14th time that this system of picking a song had been used. 10 songwriters were selected by SR for the competition. The final was broadcast on TV1 but was not broadcast on radio. ABBA went on to win that year's Eurovision Song Contest in Brighton, Sweden's first Eurovision win.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "FIFA Club World Cup", "paragraph_text": "Barcelona hold the record for most victories, winning the competition three times. Corinthians' inaugural victory remains the best result from a host nation's national league champions. Teams from Spain have won the tournament five times, the most for any nation.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Marie-Christine Gessinger", "paragraph_text": "Born in Lower Austria, Gessinger began modeling after taking part in Ford's Supermodel of the World contest at the age of 15, winning the Vienna preliminary competition and representing Austria at the New York finale.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Big Brother 19 (American season)", "paragraph_text": "Following Kevin's eviction, the HouseGuests engaged in their final battle in the Tail of the Unicorn Part 1 of the Final Head of Household competition. In this competition, HouseGuests must stand on their cloud and hold on to the tail of their unicorn. If a HouseGuest lets go of their tail, they will be eliminated. The last HouseGuest standing will win Part 1 and advance to Part 3. Paul was the winner. Josh and Christmas then faced off in the Knock 'Em Down Part 2 of the Final Head of Household competition. In this competition, HouseGuests were shown a series of scrolls. They must knock down the HouseGuests who do not apply to the clue. The HouseGuest who completes the three scrolls correctly faster will win Part 2 and face Paul in Part 3. Josh was the winner. Paul and Josh had the final showdown in the Scales of Just - Us Part 3 of the Final Head of Household competition. In this competition, HouseGuests were read a series of statements from the jury. They must guess how each juror completed their statement. A correct answer gave them a point. The HouseGuest with the most points after eight questions will be the final Head of Household. Josh was the winner. On Day 92, Josh cast the sole vote to evict Christmas. She became the ninth and final member of the jury. On Day 92, after receiving Cody, Elena, Mark, Alex, and Jason's votes, Josh was deemed the winner of Big Brother 19. Paul was declared the runner - up, securing the votes of Matt, Raven, Kevin, and Christmas. Cody was revealed to be America's Favorite HouseGuest and received $25,000.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Montevideo", "paragraph_text": "During the May Revolution of 1810 and the subsequent uprising of the provinces of Rio de la Plata, the Spanish colonial government moved to Montevideo. During that year and the next, Uruguayan revolutionary José Gervasio Artigas united with others from Buenos Aires against Spain. In 1811, the forces deployed by the Junta Grande of Buenos Aires and the gaucho forces led by Artigas started a siege of Montevideo, which had refused to obey the directives of the new authorities of the May Revolution. The siege was lifted at the end of that year, when the military situation started deteriorating in the Upper Peru region.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "List of European Cup and UEFA Champions League finals", "paragraph_text": "A total of 22 clubs have won the Champions League / European Cup. Real Madrid hold the record for the most victories, having won the competition 12 times, including the inaugural competition. They have also won the competition the most times in a row, winning it five times from 1956 to 1960. Juventus have been runners - up the most times, losing seven finals. Atlético Madrid is the only team to reach three finals without having won the trophy while Stade de Reims and Valencia have finished as runners - up twice without winning. Spain has provided the most champions, with 17 wins from two clubs. Italy have produced 12 winners from three clubs and England have produced 12 winners from five clubs. English teams were banned from the competition for five years following the Heysel disaster in 1985. The current champions are Real Madrid, who beat Juventus in the 2017 final.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "UEFA Euro 2012 Final", "paragraph_text": "Usually, the winner of the European Championship gains entry to the Confederations Cup, which was played in Brazil in 2013. However, since Spain already qualified as the 2010 World Cup champions, Italy qualified automatically as the UEFA representative, with their win in the semi-final against Germany, despite losing in the final to Spain.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Major Parkinson", "paragraph_text": "Major Parkinson was started in 2003 by Jon Ivar Kollbotn, Eivind Gammersvik, André Lund and Jan Are Rønhovde. In the same year, they won the Eggstock festival in Bergen, as well as the local band competition finals in Zoom.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 159801, "question": "Who Spain win against in the final of the competition?", "answer": "Germany", "paragraph_support_idx": 4 }, { "id": 59031, "question": "when did the industrial revolution start in #1", "answer": "1834", "paragraph_support_idx": 1 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Skull Island: Reign of Kong", "paragraph_text": "Skull Island: Reign of Kong is a ride at the Islands of Adventure theme park at Universal Orlando in Florida. It began soft openings on June 9, 2016 and officially opened on July 13, 2016.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "The Barefoot Mailman", "paragraph_text": "The Barefoot Mailman is a comedy-adventure film starring Robert Cummings and distributed by Columbia Pictures in 1951. The film was based on the 1943 novel \"The Barefoot Mailman\" by Theodore Pratt. Filmed in Super Cinecolor on location in Florida where the events take place, it features many elements of the Western.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Dry Tortugas National Park", "paragraph_text": "Dry Tortugas National Park is a national park in the United States about west of Key West in the Gulf of Mexico. The park preserves Fort Jefferson and the seven Dry Tortugas islands, the westernmost and most isolated of the Florida Keys. The archipelago's coral reefs are the least disturbed of the Florida Keys reefs.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Open Water (film)", "paragraph_text": "Open Water is a 2003 American survival horror - thriller film. The story concerns an American couple who go scuba diving while on vacation in the Caribbean, only to find themselves stranded miles from shore in shark - infested waters when the crew of their boat accidentally leaves them behind. The film is loosely based on the true story of Tom and Eileen Lonergan, who in 1998 went out with a scuba diving group, Outer Edge Dive Company, on the Great Barrier Reef, and were accidentally left behind because the dive - boat crew failed to take an accurate headcount. The film was financed by the husband and wife team of writer / director Chris Kentis and producer Laura Lau, both avid scuba divers. It cost $120,000 to make and was bought by Lions Gate Entertainment for $2.5 million after its screening at the Sundance Film Festival. Lions Gate spent a further $8 million on distribution and marketing. The film ultimately grossed $55 million worldwide (including $30 million from the North American box office alone).", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Patricia Maldonado (swimmer)", "paragraph_text": "Patricia Maldonado (born November 15, 1991) is a long-distance and open water swimmer from Venezuela. She has swum for Venezuela at the:", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Hurricane Pauline", "paragraph_text": "The floodwaters from the hurricane combined with raw sewage in many poor areas of southwestern Mexico, leading to a widespread threat for a spread of tropical diseases. As a result, government health workers opened vaccination centers in several cities along the Guerrero and Oaxaca coasts. Thousands were inoculated for typhoid fever and tetanus. Officials noted a potential threat for dengue and cholera as a result of the spoiled water. Health workers also stated mosquitos possessing malaria and dengue fever were likely to breed in large areas of leftover water. In Acapulco, about two days after the hurricane passed, the first day of sun in a week evaporated the areas of leftover water, spreading dust across the region with the deadly diseases. Residents were warned to boil their food and water for 30 minutes due to the threat for contamination by the dust. At least twenty cases of cholera and at least six cases of dengue fever were reported. Most significantly, there were 14,630 cases of malaria in 616 villages in Oaxaca due to Pauline; this represented about 80% of the malaria cases in Mexico during 1998. Army soldiers distributed chlorine tablets to disinfect water pools and wheelbarrows to remove rotting mud and sewage from their damaged homes. Two C-130 Hercules planes and twenty helicopters airlifted food and water to smaller villages south of Acapulco that were stranded for nearly a week after the hurricane.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Perdido Bay", "paragraph_text": "Perdido Bay is a bay at the mouth of and draining the Perdido River, a designated Outstanding Florida Waters river, in Baldwin County, Alabama and Escambia County, Florida, United States. It is essentially a coastal lagoon enclosed by barrier islands, with an inlet, Perdido Pass.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Tropical Storm Debby (2012)", "paragraph_text": "Tropical Storm Debby caused extensive flooding in North Florida and Central Florida during late June 2012. The fourth tropical cyclone and named storm of the 2012 Atlantic hurricane season, Debby developed from a trough of low pressure in the central Gulf of Mexico on June 23. The formation of Debby marked the earliest formation on record of the fourth named storm within the Atlantic basin until this record was beaten by Tropical Storm Danielle in 2016. Despite a projected track toward landfall in Louisiana or Texas, the storm headed the opposite direction, moving slowly north-northeast and northeastward. The storm slowly strengthened, and at 1800 UTC on June 25, attained its peak intensity with maximum sustained winds of 65 mph (100 km/h). Dry air, westerly wind shear, and upwelling of cold waters prevented further intensification over the next 24 hours. Instead, Debby weakened, and by late on June 26, it was a minimal tropical storm. At 2100 UTC, the storm made landfall near Steinhatchee, Florida with winds of 40 mph (65 km/h). Once inland, the system continued to weaken while crossing Florida, and dissipated shortly after emerging into the Atlantic on June 27.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "List of Florida hurricanes (2000–present)", "paragraph_text": "June 21 -- 22 - Tropical Storm Cindy brought floods in Florida Panhandle and a EF0 tornado was reported in Fort Walton Beach July 31 - Tropical Storm Emily made landfall in Florida with winds of 45 mph (75 km / h). Emily also brought heavy rain to the state September 10 -- 11 - Hurricane Irma makes landfall on Cudjoe Key as a Category 4 hurricane with sustained winds of 130 mph (215 km / h), then makes a second landfall on Marco Island with winds of 115 mph (185 km / h). It is the strongest hurricane in terms of windspeed to hit the state since Charley in 2004, and the most intense in terms of pressure since Andrew in 1992. Irma has killed at least 82 people in the state. October 29 -- Tropical Storm Philippe makes landfall in the Everglades, causing minimal damage. Moderate rainfall was reported.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Hurricane Katrina", "paragraph_text": "The storm originated over the Bahamas on August 23 from the interaction between a tropical wave and the remnants of Tropical Depression Ten. Early the following day, the new depression intensified into Tropical Storm Katrina. The cyclone headed generally westward toward Florida and strengthened into a hurricane only two hours before making landfall at Hallandale Beach and Aventura on August 25. After very briefly weakening to a tropical storm, Katrina emerged into the Gulf of Mexico on August 26 and began to rapidly deepen. The storm strengthened to a Category 5 hurricane over the warm waters of the Gulf of Mexico, but weakened before making its second landfall as a Category 3 hurricane on August 29, in southeast Louisiana.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Marshall Islands", "paragraph_text": "The climate is hot and humid, with a wet season from May to November. Many Pacific typhoons begin as tropical storms in the Marshall Islands region, and grow stronger as they move west toward the Mariana Islands and the Philippines.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Trevor Wyatt", "paragraph_text": "Wyatt was Chris Blackwell's first employee at Island Records London. Trevor drove the Island cab, delivering records to the stores as well as taking the artists around when they came to town. As Island grew, Trevor became the studio manager, UK A&R manager, and house producer, first in Island's Basing Street Studios and then at Island's HQ at St Peter's Square in Hammersmith. As such, he became a source of knowledge on who had recorded what in the studio and where their sessions could be found. Many compilations on the Island label existed purely because Trevor found material in the archives and brought it to the appropriate label manager's attention. He was responsible for the Island Reggae Greats series of releases, and also found many alternate takes and demos for box sets by Nick Drake and Sandy Denny.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "2004 Atlantic hurricane season", "paragraph_text": "There are four notables storms: Hurricane Charley, that made landfall in Florida as a Category 4 hurricane on the Saffir -- Simpson hurricane wind scale (SSHWS), causing $15.1 billion in damage in the United States alone. Later in August, Hurricane Frances struck the Bahamas and Florida, causing at least 49 deaths and $9.5 billion in damage. The most intense storm, and the one that caused the most damage, was Hurricane Ivan. It was a Category 5 hurricane that devastated multiple countries adjacent to the Caribbean Sea, before entering the Gulf of Mexico and causing catastrophic destruction on the Gulf Coast of the United States, especially Alabama and Florida. Throughout the countries it passed through, Ivan left 129 fatalities and over $23.33 billion in damage. The most significant tropical cyclone in terms of deaths was Hurricane Jeanne. In Haiti, torrential rainfall in the mountainous areas resulted in mudslides and severe flooding, causing at least 3,006 fatalities. Jeanne also struck Florida, inflicting extensive destruction. Overall, the storm caused at least $8.1 billion in damage and 3,042 deaths.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Tuvalu", "paragraph_text": "Because of the low elevation, the islands that make up this nation are vulnerable to the effects of tropical cyclones and by the threat of current and future sea level rise. The highest elevation is 4.6 metres (15 ft) above sea level on Niulakita, which gives Tuvalu the second-lowest maximum elevation of any country (after the Maldives). The highest elevations are typically in narrow storm dunes on the ocean side of the islands which are prone to overtopping in tropical cyclones, as occurred with Cyclone Bebe, which was a very early-season storm that passed through the Tuvaluan atolls in October 1972. Cyclone Bebe submerged Funafuti, eliminating 90% of structures on the island. Sources of drinking water were contaminated as a result of the system's storm surge and the flooding of the sources of fresh water.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Green sea turtle", "paragraph_text": "The range of the green sea turtle extends throughout tropical and subtropical oceans worldwide. The two major subpopulations are the Atlantic and the eastern Pacific subpopulations. Each population is genetically distinct, with its own set of nesting and feeding grounds within the population's known range. One of the genetic differences between the two subpopulations is the type of mitochondrial DNA found in individual's cells. Individuals from rookeries in the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea have a similar type of mitochondrial DNA, and individuals from The Pacific and Atlantic Oceans have another type of Mitochondrial DNA. Their native range includes tropical to subtropical waters along continental coasts and islands between 30 ° N and 30 ° S. Since green sea turtles are a migrating species, their global distribution spans into the open ocean. The differences in mitochondrial DNA more than likely stems from the populations being isolated from each other by the southern tips of both South America and Africa with no warm waters for the green sea turtles to migrate through. The green sea turtle is estimated to inhabit coastal areas of more than 140 countries, with nesting sites in over 80 countries worldwide throughout the year. In the United States Atlantic coast, green sea turtles can be found from Texas and north to Massachusetts. In the United States Pacific coast, they have been found from southern California north to the southernmost tip of Alaska. The largest populations of green sea turtles within the United States coastline are in the Hawaiian Islands and Florida. Globally, the largest populations of sea turtles are in the Great Barrier Reef in Australia and the Caribbean islands.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "The Groomsmen", "paragraph_text": "The Groomsmen is a 2006 comedy film written and directed by Edward Burns. It opened in New York City and Los Angeles on July 14, 2006. Filming took place at many locations on City Island, New York.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Caribbean Sea", "paragraph_text": "Rainfall varies with elevation, size and water currents (cool upwelling keep the ABC islands arid). Warm, moist trade winds blow consistently from the east, creating both rain forest and semi arid climates across the region. The tropical rainforest climates include lowland areas near the Caribbean Sea from Costa Rica north to Belize, as well as the Dominican Republic and Puerto Rico, while the more seasonal dry tropical savanna climates are found in Cuba, northern Venezuela, and southern Yucatán, Mexico. Arid climates are found along the extreme southern coast of Venezuela out to the islands including Aruba and Curacao, as well as the northern tip of YucatánTropical cyclones are a threat to the nations that rim the Caribbean Sea. While landfalls are infrequent, the resulting loss of life and property damage makes them significant hazard to life in the Caribbean. Tropical cyclones that impact the Caribbean often develop off the West coast of Africa and make their way west across the Atlantic Ocean toward the Caribbean, while other storms develop in the Caribbean itself. The Caribbean hurricane season as a whole lasts from June through November, with the majority of hurricanes occurring during August and September. On average around 9 tropical storms form each year, with 5 reaching hurricane strength. According to the National Hurricane Center 385 hurricanes occurred in the Caribbean between 1494 and 1900.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Ohrid Swimming Marathon", "paragraph_text": "The Ohrid Swimming Marathon (Macedonian: Охридски Пливачки Маратон, \"Ohridski Plivački Maraton\") is an international Open water swimming competition, established in always taking place in the waters of the Ohrid Lake, Republic of Macedonia. The swimmers are supposed to swim 30 km from Sveti Naum to the Ohrid harbor.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Bunaken National Park", "paragraph_text": "Bunaken National Park is a marine park in the north of Sulawesi island, Indonesia. The park is located near the centre of the Coral Triangle, providing habitat to 390 species of coral as well as many fish, mollusc, reptile and marine mammal species. The Park is representative of Indonesian tropical water ecosystems, consisting of seagrass plain, coral reef, and coastal ecosystems.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Caribbean", "paragraph_text": "Situated largely on the Caribbean Plate, the region comprises more than 700 islands, islets, reefs and cays. (See the list.) These islands generally form island arcs that delineate the eastern and northern edges of the Caribbean Sea. The Caribbean islands, consisting of the Greater Antilles on the north and the Lesser Antilles on the south and east (including the Leeward Antilles), are part of the somewhat larger West Indies grouping, which also includes the Lucayan Archipelago (comprising the Bahamas and Turks and Caicos Islands). The Lucayans and, less commonly, Bermuda, are also sometimes considered Caribbean despite the fact that none of these islands border the Caribbean Sea. In a wider sense, the mainland countries, regions, and territories of Belize, the Caribbean region of Colombia, Cozumel, the Yucatán Peninsula, Margarita Island, the Guyanas (Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, Guayana Region in Venezuela, and Amapá in Brazil), are often included due to their political and cultural ties with the region.", "is_supporting": true } ]

[ { "id": 73534, "question": "where did the movie open water take place", "answer": "Caribbean", "paragraph_support_idx": 3 }, { "id": 62655, "question": "at least how many tropical islands are found in the #1 between florida and venezuela ​", "answer": "more than 700", "paragraph_support_idx": 19 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Emma Lazarus", "paragraph_text": "She is best known for ``The New Colossus '', a sonnet written in 1883; its lines appear inscribed on a bronze plaque in the pedestal of the Statue of Liberty installed in 1903, a decade and a half after Lazarus's death,. The last stanza of the sonnet was set to music by Irving Berlin as the song`` Give Me Your Tired, Your Poor'' for the 1949 musical Miss Liberty, which was based on the sculpting of the Statue of Liberty.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Religion in Syria", "paragraph_text": "In Syria, Jews of both origins, numbering altogether fewer than 3,000 in 1987, are found. After a mass emigration in 1992, today fewer than 200 Jews live in Syria, mostly in the capital. Syrian Jews are Arabic-speaking and barely distinguishable from the Arabs around them. In Syria, as elsewhere, the degree to which Jews submit to the disciplines of their religion varies.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Statue of Liberty", "paragraph_text": "Statue of Liberty Liberty Enlightening the World Location Liberty Island Manhattan, New York City, New York, U.S. Coordinates 40 ° 41 ′ 21 ''N 74 ° 2 ′ 40'' W  /  40.68917 ° N 74.04444 ° W  / 40.68917; - 74.04444 Coordinates: 40 ° 41 ′ 21 ''N 74 ° 2 ′ 40'' W  /  40.68917 ° N 74.04444 ° W  / 40.68917; - 74.04444 Height Height of copper statue (to torch): 151 feet 1 inch (46 meters) From ground level to torch: 305 feet 1 inch (93 meters) Dedicated October 28, 1886 Restored 1938, 1984 -- 1986, 2011 -- 2012 Sculptor Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi Visitors 3.2 million (in 2009) Governing body U.S. National Park Service Website Statue of Liberty National Monument UNESCO World Heritage Site Type Cultural Criteria i, vi Designated 1984 (8th session) Reference no. 307 State Party United States Region Europe and North America U.S. National Monument Designated October 15, 1924 Designated by President Calvin Coolidge U.S. National Register of Historic Places Official name: Statue of Liberty National Monument, Ellis Island and Liberty Island Designated October 15, 1966 Reference no. 66000058 New Jersey Register of Historic Places Designated May 27, 1971 Reference no. 1535 New York City Landmark Type Individual Designated September 14, 1976 Location of Statue of Liberty in New York Harbor in New York City Statue of Liberty (New York) Statue of Liberty (the US) Show map of New York City Show map of New York Show map of the US Show all", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Statue of Liberty", "paragraph_text": "Statue of Liberty Liberty Enlightening the World Location Liberty Island Manhattan, New York City, New York, U.S. Coordinates 40 ° 41 ′ 21 ''N 74 ° 2 ′ 40'' W  /  40.68917 ° N 74.04444 ° W  / 40.68917; - 74.04444 Coordinates: 40 ° 41 ′ 21 ''N 74 ° 2 ′ 40'' W  /  40.68917 ° N 74.04444 ° W  / 40.68917; - 74.04444 Height Height of copper statue (to torch): 151 feet 1 inch (46 meters) From ground level to torch: 305 feet 1 inch (93 meters) Dedicated October 28, 1886 Restored 1938, 1984 -- 1986, 2011 -- 2012 Sculptor Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi Visitors 3.2 million (in 2009) Governing body U.S. National Park Service Website Statue of Liberty National Monument UNESCO World Heritage Site Type Cultural Criteria i, vi Designated 1984 (8th session) Reference no. 307 State Party United States Region Europe and North America U.S. National Monument Designated October 15, 1924 Designated by President Calvin Coolidge U.S. National Register of Historic Places Official name: Statue of Liberty National Monument, Ellis Island and Liberty Island Designated October 15, 1966 Reference no. 66000058 New Jersey Register of Historic Places Designated May 27, 1971 Reference no. 1535 New York City Landmark Type Individual Designated September 14, 1976 Location of Statue of Liberty in New York Harbor in New York City Location of Statue of Liberty in New York Harbor in New York City Location of Statue of Liberty in New York Harbor in New York City Show map of New York City Show map of New York Show map of the US Show all", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Liberty Island", "paragraph_text": "Liberty Island is a federally owned island in Upper New York Bay in the United States, best known as the location of the Statue of Liberty. The island is an exclave of the New York City borough of Manhattan, surrounded by the waters of Jersey City, New Jersey. Long known as Bedloe's Island, it was renamed by an act of the United States Congress in 1956. In 1937, by Presidential Proclamation 2250 by President Franklin D. Roosevelt, it became part of the Statue of Liberty National Monument and in 1966, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places as part of Statue of Liberty National Monument, Ellis Island and Liberty Island.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "The New Colossus", "paragraph_text": "The line ``Keep, ancient lands, your storied pomp! ''is missing a comma, and reads`` Keep ancient lands, your storied pomp!'' on the plaque hanging inside the Statue of Liberty since its unveiling in 1903.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Statue of Liberty", "paragraph_text": "Bartholdi and Laboulaye considered how best to express the idea of American liberty. In early American history, two female figures were frequently used as cultural symbols of the nation. One of these symbols, the personified Columbia, was seen as an embodiment of the United States in the manner that Britannia was identified with the United Kingdom and Marianne came to represent France. Columbia had supplanted the traditional European personification of the Americas as an \"Indian princess\", which had come to be regarded as uncivilized and derogatory toward Americans. The other significant female icon in American culture was a representation of Liberty, derived from Libertas, the goddess of freedom widely worshipped in ancient Rome, especially among emancipated slaves. A Liberty figure adorned most American coins of the time, and representations of Liberty appeared in popular and civic art, including Thomas Crawford's Statue of Freedom (1863) atop the dome of the United States Capitol Building.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Statue of Liberty", "paragraph_text": "By 1875, France was enjoying improved political stability and a recovering postwar economy. Growing interest in the upcoming Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia led Laboulaye to decide it was time to seek public support. In September 1875, he announced the project and the formation of the Franco - American Union as its fundraising arm. With the announcement, the statue was given a name, Liberty Enlightening the World. The French would finance the statue; Americans would be expected to pay for the pedestal. The announcement provoked a generally favorable reaction in France, though many Frenchmen resented the United States for not coming to their aid during the war with Prussia. French monarchists opposed the statue, if for no other reason than it was proposed by the liberal Laboulaye, who had recently been elected a senator for life. Laboulaye arranged events designed to appeal to the rich and powerful, including a special performance at the Paris Opera on April 25, 1876, that featured a new cantata by composer Charles Gounod. The piece was titled La Liberté éclairant le monde, the French version of the statue's announced name.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Jews", "paragraph_text": "Western Europe's largest Jewish community, and the third-largest Jewish community in the world, can be found in France, home to between 483,000 and 500,000 Jews, the majority of whom are immigrants or refugees from North African Arab countries such as Algeria, Morocco, and Tunisia (or their descendants). The United Kingdom has a Jewish community of 292,000. In Eastern Europe, there are anywhere from 350,000 to one million Jews living in the former Soviet Union, but exact figures are difficult to establish. In Germany, the 102,000 Jews registered with the Jewish community are a slowly declining population, despite the immigration of tens of thousands of Jews from the former Soviet Union since the fall of the Berlin Wall. Thousands of Israelis also live in Germany, either permanently or temporarily, for economic reasons.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Red", "paragraph_text": "During the French Revolution, Red became a symbol of liberty and personal freedom used by the Jacobins and other more radical parties. Many of them wore a red Phrygian cap, or liberty cap, modeled after the caps worn by freed slaves in Ancient Rome. During the height of the Reign of Terror, Women wearing red caps gathered around the guillotine to celebrate each execution. They were called the \"Furies of the guillotine\". The guillotines used during the Reign of Terror in 1792 and 1793 were painted red, or made of red wood. During the Reign of Terror a statue of a woman titled liberty, painted red, was placed in the square in front of the guillotine. After the end of the Reign of Terror, France went back to the blue, white and red tricolor, whose red was taken from the traditional color of Saint Denis, the Christian martyr and patron saint of Paris.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Statue of Liberty", "paragraph_text": "The Statue of Liberty (Liberty Enlightening the World; French: La Liberté éclairant le monde) is a colossal neoclassical sculpture on Liberty Island in New York Harbor in New York City, in the United States. The copper statue, a gift from the people of France to the people of the United States, was designed by French sculptor Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi and built by Gustave Eiffel. The statue was dedicated on October 28, 1886.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Statue of Liberty", "paragraph_text": "The Statue of Liberty is a figure of a robed woman representing Libertas, a Roman liberty goddess. She holds a torch above her head with her right hand, and in her left hand carries a tabula ansata inscribed in Roman numerals with ``JULY IV MDCCLXXVI ''(July 4, 1776), the date of the U.S. Declaration of Independence. A broken chain lies at her feet as she walks forward. The statue became an icon of freedom and of the United States, and was a welcoming sight to immigrants arriving from abroad.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Statue of Liberty play", "paragraph_text": "The Statue of Liberty is a trick play in American football named after the 1886 Statue of Liberty (Liberty Enlightening the World).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Statue of Liberty", "paragraph_text": "\"The New Colossus\" tablet is accompanied by a tablet given by the Emma Lazarus Commemorative Committee in 1977, celebrating the poet's life.A group of statues stands at the western end of the island, honoring those closely associated with the Statue of Liberty. Two Americans—Pulitzer and Lazarus—and three Frenchmen—Bartholdi, Eiffel, and Laboulaye—are depicted. They are the work of Maryland sculptor Phillip Ratner.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Ashkenazi Jews", "paragraph_text": "According to 16th-century mystic Rabbi Elijah of Chelm, Ashkenazi Jews lived in Jerusalem during the 11th century. The story is told that a German-speaking Palestinian Jew saved the life of a young German man surnamed Dolberger. So when the knights of the First Crusade came to siege Jerusalem, one of Dolberger's family members who was among them rescued Jews in Palestine and carried them back to Worms to repay the favor. Further evidence of German communities in the holy city comes in the form of halakhic questions sent from Germany to Jerusalem during the second half of the 11th century.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Jews in New York City", "paragraph_text": "Jews in New York City comprise approximately 13 percent of the city's population, making the Jewish community the largest in the world outside of Israel. As of 2014, 1.1 million Jews live in the five boroughs of New York City, and 1.75 million Jews live in New York state overall. Jews have immigrated to New York City since the first settlement in Dutch New Amsterdam in 1654, most notably at the end of the 19th century to the early 20th century, when the Jewish population rose from about 80,000 in 1880 to 1.5 million in 1920. The large Jewish population has led to a significant impact on the culture of New York City. After many decades of decline in the 20th century, the Jewish population of New York City has seen a sharp increase in the 21st century owing to the high birth rate of the Hasidic and Orthodox communities.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Ashkenazi Jews", "paragraph_text": "Of the estimated 8.8 million Jews living in Europe at the beginning of World War II, the majority of whom were Ashkenazi, about 6 million – more than two-thirds – were systematically murdered in the Holocaust. These included 3 million of 3.3 million Polish Jews (91%); 900,000 of 1.5 million in Ukraine (60%); and 50–90% of the Jews of other Slavic nations, Germany, Hungary, and the Baltic states, and over 25% of the Jews in France. Sephardi communities suffered similar depletions in a few countries, including Greece, the Netherlands and the former Yugoslavia. As the large majority of the victims were Ashkenazi Jews, their percentage dropped from nearly 92% of world Jewry in 1931 to nearly 80% of world Jewry today. The Holocaust also effectively put an end to the dynamic development of the Yiddish language in the previous decades, as the vast majority of the Jewish victims of the Holocaust, around 5 million, were Yiddish speakers. Many of the surviving Ashkenazi Jews emigrated to countries such as Israel, Canada, Argentina, Australia, and the United States after the war.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Ashkenazi Jews", "paragraph_text": "In Israel, the term Ashkenazi is now used in a manner unrelated to its original meaning, often applied to all Jews who settled in Europe and sometimes including those whose ethnic background is actually Sephardic. Jews of any non-Ashkenazi background, including Mizrahi, Yemenite, Kurdish and others who have no connection with the Iberian Peninsula, have similarly come to be lumped together as Sephardic. Jews of mixed background are increasingly common, partly because of intermarriage between Ashkenazi and non-Ashkenazi, and partly because many do not see such historic markers as relevant to their life experiences as Jews.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Liberty Island", "paragraph_text": "Liberty Island is a federally owned island in Upper New York Bay in the United States, best known as the location of the Statue of Liberty. The island is an exclave of Jersey City, surrounded by the waters of Jersey City, New Jersey. Long known as Bedloe's Island, it was renamed by an act of the United States Congress in 1956. In 1937, by Presidential Proclamation 2250 by President Franklin D. Roosevelt, it became part of the Statue of Liberty National Monument and in 1966, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places as part of Statue of Liberty National Monument, Ellis Island and Liberty Island.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Israel", "paragraph_text": "Israel has two official languages, Hebrew and Arabic. Hebrew is the primary language of the state and is spoken everyday by the majority of the population, and Arabic is spoken by the Arab minority and Hebrew is taught in Arab schools. English was an official language during the Mandate period; it lost this status after the creation of Israel, but retains a role comparable to that of an official language, as may be seen in road signs and official documents. Many Israelis communicate reasonably well in English, as many television programs are broadcast in English with subtitles and the language is taught from the early grades in elementary school. In addition, Israeli universities offer courses in the English language on various subjects. As a country of immigrants, many languages can be heard on the streets. Due to mass immigration from the former Soviet Union and Ethiopia (some 130,000 Ethiopian Jews live in Israel), Russian and Amharic are widely spoken. More than one million Russian-speaking immigrants arrived in Israel from the former Soviet Union states between 1990 and 2004. French is spoken by around 700,000 Israelis, mostly originating from France and North Africa (see Maghrebi Jews).", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 89049, "question": "where does the statue of liberty come from", "answer": "France", "paragraph_support_idx": 10 }, { "id": 21118, "question": "How many Jews live in #1 ?", "answer": "between 483,000 and 500,000", "paragraph_support_idx": 8 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Neuengasse", "paragraph_text": "The Neuengasse is one of the streets in the Old City of Bern, the medieval city center of Bern, Switzerland. It is part of the Äussere Neustadt which was built during the third expansion of the city in 1344 to 1346. It runs from Waisenhausplatz in the east toward the main train station. It is part of the UNESCO Cultural World Heritage Site that encompasses the Old City.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Ahualulco", "paragraph_text": "Ahualulco is a town and municipality in San Luis Potosí in central Mexico. As of 2010, the municipality had a total population of 4,492. It was the birthplace of composer Julián Carrillo.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Alfonso Carrillo de Acuña", "paragraph_text": "Alfonso Carrillo de Acuña (1410, in Carrascosa del Campo – 1 July 1482, in Alcalá de Henares) was a Spanish politician and Roman Catholic archbishop.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "José Tomás Carrillo", "paragraph_text": "José Tomás Carrillo Sánchez (born 11 August 1968) is a Mexican politician from the Institutional Revolutionary Party. From 2010 to 2012 he served as Deputy of the LXI Legislature of the Mexican Congress representing Veracruz.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Walter Edwin Arnoldi", "paragraph_text": "Walter Edwin Arnoldi (New York, December 14, 1917 – October 5, 1995) was an American engineer mainly known for the Arnoldi iteration, an eigenvalue algorithm used in numerical linear algebra. Arnoldi graduated in mechanical engineering at the Stevens Institute of Technology in 1937 and attended a Master of Science course at Harvard. He worked at United Aircraft Corp. from 1939 to 1977. His main research interests included modelling vibrations, acoustics and aerodynamics of aircraft propellers. His 1951 paper \"The principle of minimized iterations in the solution of the eigenvalue problem\" is one of the most cited papers in numerical linear algebra.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Mariano Guadalupe Vallejo", "paragraph_text": "Don Mariano Guadalupe Vallejo (4 July 1807 – 18 January 1890) was a Californio general, statesman, and public figure. He was born a subject of Spain, performed his military duties as an officer of the Republic of Mexico, and shaped the transition of Alta California from a territory of Mexico to the U. S. state of California. He served in the first session of the California State Senate. The city of Vallejo, California is named for him, and the nearby city of Benicia is named for his wife (née Francisca Benicia Carrillo).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "The Guilty Generation", "paragraph_text": "The Guilty Generation is a 1931 American pre-Code drama film directed by Rowland V. Lee, starring Leo Carrillo and featuring Boris Karloff.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Mexico City", "paragraph_text": "Mexico City is Latin America's leading center for the television, music and film industries. It is also Mexico's most important for the printed media and book publishing industries. Dozens of daily newspapers are published, including El Universal, Excélsior, Reforma and La Jornada. Other major papers include Milenio, Crónica, El Economista and El Financiero. Leading magazines include Expansión, Proceso, Poder, as well as dozens of entertainment publications such as Vanidades, Quién, Chilango, TV Notas, and local editions of Vogue, GQ, and Architectural Digest.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Tumaco", "paragraph_text": "Tumaco is accessible by plane, from the western city of Cali, one of the main urban centers of the country, well connected to Bogotá, the capital city. It can also be reached by land via highway from the city of Pasto, the capital city of the Nariño Department. Tumaco is known for being the hometown of many great Colombian soccer players, including Willington Ortiz.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "David Kraiselburd", "paragraph_text": "David Kraiselburd was born into a working-class Ukrainian Jewish family in Berisso, an industrial city north of La Plata, Argentina, in 1912. In his teens, a high-school writing contest earned him an internship in La Plata's main daily, \"El Día\", after the end of which he was hired by the paper as a sports commentator. He enrolled in the prestigious University of La Plata, and, at the paper, he was promoted to university affairs correspondent. He was also involved in university politics—he had anarchist sympathies, and had protested Sacco and Vanzetti's execution a few years earlier. After earning the equivalent of a JD degree from Law School, he became a representative of the alumni association (\"Graduados\"). To broaden his background, he re-enrolled in the university and earned another degree in History. Also in those early years, the paper sent him to Spain to cover the Spanish Civil War.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Martin Winckler", "paragraph_text": "Martin Winckler (born Marc Zaffran; 22 February 1955, in French Algeria) is a French M.D. and short story, novel and essay writer. His main subjects are the French medical system, the healing relationship and contraception; he also wrote critical papers and books about TV serials (he is one of the first specialists of this subject in France).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Das Megaphon", "paragraph_text": "Das Megaphon (\"The Megaphone\") is a street newspaper sold by homeless in Graz and other cities in Styria, Austria. It was started in October 1995 and is run by Catholic charity Caritas. The paper is published monthly with a circulation of about 13,000 copies. It is sold mostly by Nigerian and Liberian male refugees. \"Megaphon\" was one the street papers initiating the Homeless World Cup in 2001 and hosted the first cup in 2003.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Wenceslao Carrillo", "paragraph_text": "Wenceslao Carrillo Alonso-Forjador (1889 in Valladolid – 1963 in Charleroi, Belgium) was a prominent Spanish Socialist leader, father of Santiago Carrillo. He belonged to the \"Caballerist\" faction of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Efren Carrillo", "paragraph_text": "Efren Carrillo was born in North Hollywood in Los Angeles, California, and moved to Mexico City, Mexico at the age of one. He was raised in Santa Rosa, California, where he lived off West Ninth Street. He graduated from Santa Rosa High School in 1999, and graduated from UC Berkeley in 2003 with a bachelor's degree in environmental economics and policy.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Mexicana (film)", "paragraph_text": "Mexicana is a 1945 American musical film directed by Alfred Santell and starring Tito Guízar, Constance Moore and Leo Carrillo. The film was one of three made by Republic Pictures in line with the American government's Good Neighbor policy towards Latin America. Its plot is almost identical to that of another Guízar vehicle \"Brazil\" (1944).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Miami", "paragraph_text": "Miami has one of the largest television markets in the nation and the second largest in the state of Florida. Miami has several major newspapers, the main and largest newspaper being The Miami Herald. El Nuevo Herald is the major and largest Spanish-language newspaper. The Miami Herald and El Nuevo Herald are Miami's and South Florida's main, major and largest newspapers. The papers left their longtime home in downtown Miami in 2013. The newspapers are now headquartered at the former home of U.S. Southern Command in Doral.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Mexico City", "paragraph_text": "Mexico City has numerous museums dedicated to art, including Mexican colonial, modern and contemporary art, and international art. The Museo Tamayo was opened in the mid-1980s to house the collection of international contemporary art donated by famed Mexican (born in the state of Oaxaca) painter Rufino Tamayo. The collection includes pieces by Picasso, Klee, Kandinsky, Warhol and many others, though most of the collection is stored while visiting exhibits are shown. The Museo de Arte Moderno (Museum of Modern Art) is a repository of Mexican artists from the 20th century, including Rivera, Orozco, Siqueiros, Kahlo, Gerzso, Carrington, Tamayo, among others, and also regularly hosts temporary exhibits of international modern art. In southern Mexico City, the Museo Carrillo Gil (Carrillo Gil Museum) showcases avant-garde artists, as does the University Museum/Contemporary Art (Museo Universitario Arte Contemporáneo – or MUAC), designed by famed Mexican architect Teodoro González de León, inaugurated in late 2008.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Amado Carrillo Fuentes", "paragraph_text": "Amado Carrillo Fuentes (December 17, 1956 -- July 4, 1997) was a Mexican drug lord who seized control of the Juárez Cartel after assassinating his boss Rafael Aguilar Guajardo. Amado Carrillo became known as ``El Señor de Los Cielos ''(`` The Lord of the Skies''), because of the large fleet of jets he used to transport drugs. He was also known for laundering money via Colombia to finance his large fleet of airplanes.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "R512 road (Ireland)", "paragraph_text": "The R512 road is a regional road in Ireland which runs from Limerick City to Fermoy, County Cork. At one time it was part of the main route between the cities of Limerick and Cork.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Vicente Carrillo Fuentes", "paragraph_text": "Vicente Carrillo Fuentes was born in Guamuchilito, Navolato, Sinaloa, Mexico on 16 October 1962 to Vicente Carrillo and Aurora Fuentes. He had seven siblings: Angélica, Amado, Cipriano, Guadalupe, Alberto, Rodolfo and José Cruz Carrillo Fuentes (Vicente being the fourth one). All are nephews of Ernesto Fonseca Carrillo, a former drug lord.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 152921, "question": "What city is Efren Carrillo from?", "answer": "Mexico City", "paragraph_support_idx": 13 }, { "id": 19331, "question": "What is one of the main papers of #1 ?", "answer": "El Universal", "paragraph_support_idx": 7 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Huguenots", "paragraph_text": "The French Protestant Church of London was established by Royal Charter in 1550. It is now located at Soho Square. Huguenot refugees flocked to Shoreditch, London. They established a major weaving industry in and around Spitalfields (see Petticoat Lane and the Tenterground) in East London. In Wandsworth, their gardening skills benefited the Battersea market gardens. The Old Truman Brewery, then known as the Black Eagle Brewery, was founded in 1724. The flight of Huguenot refugees from Tours, France drew off most of the workers of its great silk mills which they had built.[citation needed] Some of these immigrants moved to Norwich, which had accommodated an earlier settlement of Walloon weavers. The French added to the existing immigrant population, then comprising about a third of the population of the city.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Huguenots", "paragraph_text": "Paul Revere was descended from Huguenot refugees, as was Henry Laurens, who signed the Articles of Confederation for South Carolina; Jack Jouett, who made the ride from Cuckoo Tavern to warn Thomas Jefferson and others that Tarleton and his men were on their way to arrest him for crimes against the king; Francis Marion, and a number of other leaders of the American Revolution and later statesmen. The last active Huguenot congregation in North America worships in Charleston, South Carolina, at a church that dates to 1844. The Huguenot Society of America maintains Manakin Episcopal Church in Virginia as an historic shrine with occasional services. The Society has chapters in numerous states, with the one in Texas being the largest.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Huguenots", "paragraph_text": "After this, Huguenots (with estimates ranging from 200,000 to 1,000,000) fled to surrounding Protestant countries: England, the Netherlands, Switzerland, Norway, Denmark, and Prussia — whose Calvinist Great Elector Frederick William welcomed them to help rebuild his war-ravaged and underpopulated country. Following this exodus, Huguenots remained in large numbers in only one region of France: the rugged Cévennes region in the south. In the early 18th century, a regional group known as the Camisards who were Huguenots rioted against the Catholic Church in the region, burning churches and killing clergy. It took French troops years to hunt down and destroy all the bands of Camisards, between 1702 and 1709.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Protestantism", "paragraph_text": "Several countries have established their national churches, linking the ecclesiastical structure with the state. Jurisdictions where a Protestant denomination has been established as a state religion include several Nordic countries; Denmark (including Greenland), the Faroe Islands (its church being independent since 2007), Iceland and Norway have established Evangelical Lutheran churches. Tuvalu has the only established church in Reformed tradition in the world, while Tonga—in the Methodist tradition. The Church of England is the officially established religious institution in England, and also the Mother Church of the worldwide Anglican Communion.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Vatican Cricket Team", "paragraph_text": "The Vatican Cricket Team is an amateur cricket team established by the Vatican to help establish ties between the Catholic Church and countries and regions where the sport is popular including India and the Caribbean and to encourage inter-faith dialogue.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Huguenots", "paragraph_text": "Prince Louis de Condé, along with his sons Daniel and Osias,[citation needed] arranged with Count Ludwig von Nassau-Saarbrücken to establish a Huguenot community in present-day Saarland in 1604. The Count supported mercantilism and welcomed technically skilled immigrants into his lands, regardless of their religion. The Condés established a thriving glass-making works, which provided wealth to the principality for many years. Other founding families created enterprises based on textiles and such traditional Huguenot occupations in France. The community and its congregation remain active to this day, with descendants of many of the founding families still living in the region. Some members of this community emigrated to the United States in the 1890s.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Syllabub", "paragraph_text": "Syllabub (or solybubbe, sullabub, sullibib, sullybub, sullibub; there is no certain etymology and considerable variation in spelling) has been known in England at least since John Heywood's \"Thersytes\" of about 1537: \"You and I... Muste walke to him and eate a solybubbe.\" The word occurs repeatedly, including in Samuel Pepys's diary for 12 July 1663; \"Then to Comissioner Petts and had a good Sullybub\" and in Thomas Hughes's \"Tom Brown at Oxford\" of 1861; \"We retire to tea or syllabub beneath the shade of some great oak.\"", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Richmond, Virginia", "paragraph_text": "Richmond has several historic churches. Because of its early English colonial history from the early 17th century to 1776, Richmond has a number of prominent Anglican/Episcopal churches including Monumental Church, St. Paul's Episcopal Church and St. John's Episcopal Church. Methodists and Baptists made up another section of early churches, and First Baptist Church of Richmond was the first of these, established in 1780. In the Reformed church tradition, the first Presbyterian Church in the City of Richmond was First Presbyterian Church, organized on June 18, 1812. On February 5, 1845, Second Presbyterian Church of Richmond was founded, which was a historic church where Stonewall Jackson attended and was the first Gothic building and the first gas-lit church to be built in Richmond. St. Peter's Church was dedicated and became the first Catholic church in Richmond on May 25, 1834. The city is also home to the historic Cathedral of the Sacred Heart which is the motherchurch for the Roman Catholic Diocese of Richmond.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Huguenots", "paragraph_text": "By 1620 the Huguenots were on the defensive, and the government increasingly applied pressure. A series of three small civil wars known as the Huguenot rebellions broke out, mainly in southwestern France, between 1621 and 1629. revolted against royal authority. The uprising occurred a decade following the death of Henry IV, a Huguenot before converting to Catholicism, who had protected Protestants through the Edict of Nantes. His successor Louis XIII, under the regency of his Italian Catholic mother Marie de' Medici, became more intolerant of Protestantism. The Huguenots respond by establishing independent political and military structures, establishing diplomatic contacts with foreign powers, and openly revolting against central power. The rebellions were implacably suppressed by the French Crown.[citation needed]", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Huguenots", "paragraph_text": "New Rochelle, located in the county of Westchester on the north shore of Long Island Sound, seemed to be the great location of the Huguenots in New York. It is said that they landed on the coastline peninsula of Davenports Neck called \"Bauffet's Point\" after traveling from England where they had previously taken refuge on account of religious persecution, four years before the revocation of the Edict of Nantes. They purchased from John Pell, Lord of Pelham Manor, a tract of land consisting of six thousand one hundred acres with the help of Jacob Leisler. It was named New Rochelle after La Rochelle, their former strong-hold in France. A small wooden church was first erected in the community, followed by a second church that built of stone. Previous to the erection of it, the strong men would often walk twenty-three miles on Saturday evening, the distance by the road from New Rochelle to New York, to attend the Sunday service. The church was eventually replaced by a third, Trinity-St. Paul's Episcopal Church, which contains heirlooms including the original bell from the French Huguenot Church \"Eglise du St. Esperit\" on Pine Street in New York City, which is preserved as a relic in the tower room. The Huguenot cemetery, or \"Huguenot Burial Ground\", has since been recognized as a historic cemetery that is the final resting place for a wide range of the Huguenot founders, early settlers and prominent citizens dating back more than three centuries.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "St James Duke's Place", "paragraph_text": "St James Duke's Place was an Anglican parish church in the Aldgate ward of the City of London It was established in the early 17th century, rebuilt in 1727 and closed and demolished in 1874.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Huguenots", "paragraph_text": "Stadtholder William III of Orange, who later became King of England, emerged as the strongest opponent of king Louis XIV after the French attacked the Dutch Republic in 1672. William formed the League of Augsburg as a coalition to oppose Louis and the French state. Consequently, many Huguenots considered the wealthy and Calvinist Dutch Republic, which led the opposition to Louis XIV, as the most attractive country for exile after the revocation of the Edict of Nantes. They also found many French-speaking Calvinist churches there.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Huguenots", "paragraph_text": "Renewed religious warfare in the 1620s caused the political and military privileges of the Huguenots to be abolished following their defeat. They retained the religious provisions of the Edict of Nantes until the rule of Louis XIV, who progressively increased persecution of them until he issued the Edict of Fontainebleau (1685), which abolished all legal recognition of Protestantism in France, and forced the Huguenots to convert. While nearly three-quarters eventually were killed or submitted, roughly 500,000 Huguenots had fled France by the early 18th century[citation needed].", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Alvin F. Waller", "paragraph_text": "Alvin F. Waller (1808–1872) was an American missionary in Oregon Country and an early leader at Willamette University in Salem, Oregon. He was a native of Pennsylvania and helped found the first Protestant church west of the Rocky Mountains in 1843 in Oregon City.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Huguenots", "paragraph_text": "Around 1685, Huguenot refugees found a safe haven in the Lutheran and Reformed states in Germany and Scandinavia. Nearly 50,000 Huguenots established themselves in Germany, 20,000 of whom were welcomed in Brandenburg-Prussia, where they were granted special privileges (Edict of Potsdam) and churches in which to worship (such as the Church of St. Peter and St. Paul, Angermünde) by Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg and Duke of Prussia. The Huguenots furnished two new regiments of his army: the Altpreußische Infantry Regiments No. 13 (Regiment on foot Varenne) and 15 (Regiment on foot Wylich). Another 4,000 Huguenots settled in the German territories of Baden, Franconia (Principality of Bayreuth, Principality of Ansbach), Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel, Duchy of Württemberg, in the Wetterau Association of Imperial Counts, in the Palatinate and Palatinate-Zweibrücken, in the Rhine-Main-Area (Frankfurt), in modern-day Saarland; and 1,500 found refuge in Hamburg, Bremen and Lower Saxony. Three hundred refugees were granted asylum at the court of George William, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg in Celle.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Huguenots", "paragraph_text": "Following the French Crown's revocation of the Edict of Nantes, many Huguenots settled in Ireland in the late 17th and early 18th centuries, encouraged by an act of parliament for Protestants' settling in Ireland. Huguenot regiments fought for William of Orange in the Williamite war in Ireland, for which they were rewarded with land grants and titles, many settling in Dublin. Significant Huguenot settlements were in Dublin, Cork, Portarlington, Lisburn, Waterford and Youghal. Smaller settlements, which included Killeshandra in County Cavan, contributed to the expansion of flax cultivation and the growth of the Irish linen industry.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Huguenots", "paragraph_text": "In the early years, many Huguenots also settled in the area of present-day Charleston, South Carolina. In 1685, Rev. Elie Prioleau from the town of Pons in France, was among the first to settle there. He became pastor of the first Huguenot church in North America in that city. After the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685, several Huguenot families of Norman and Carolingian nobility and descent, including Edmund Bohun of Suffolk England from the Humphrey de Bohun line of French royalty descended from Charlemagne, Jean Postell of Dieppe France, Alexander Pepin, Antoine Poitevin of Orsement France, and Jacques de Bordeaux of Grenoble, immigrated to the Charleston Orange district. They were very successful at marriage and property speculation. After petitioning the British Crown in 1697 for the right to own land in the Baronies, they prospered as slave owners on the Cooper, Ashepoo, Ashley and Santee River plantations they purchased from the British Landgrave Edmund Bellinger. Some of their descendants moved into the Deep South and Texas, where they developed new plantations.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Huguenots", "paragraph_text": "In Berlin, the Huguenots created two new neighbourhoods: Dorotheenstadt and Friedrichstadt. By 1700, one-fifth of the city's population was French speaking. The Berlin Huguenots preserved the French language in their church services for nearly a century. They ultimately decided to switch to German in protest against the occupation of Prussia by Napoleon in 1806-07. Many of their descendents rose to positions of prominence. Several congregations were founded, such as those of Fredericia (Denmark), Berlin, Stockholm, Hamburg, Frankfurt, Helsinki, and Emden.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Denmark Congregational United Church of Christ", "paragraph_text": "Denmark Congregational United Church of Christ is located in Denmark, Iowa, United States. The church building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places as Denmark Congregational Church in 1977. The church is noteworthy because of its association with the Rev. Asa Turner, Jr. He was a noted abolitionist and supporter of the temperance movement, who was the pastor of the congregation in its early years. He was an early Congregationalist missionary to Iowa and encouraged the American Home Missionary Society to send more missionaries to the Iowa Territory. His requests resulted in the arrival of nine young men from Andover Theological Seminary in 1843. Known as the \"Iowa Band\", they established churches in eastern Iowa based on Turner's Denmark church.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "St. Augustine, Florida", "paragraph_text": "Founded in 1565 by the Spanish conquistador, Pedro Menéndez de Avilés, St. Augustine is the oldest continuously occupied settlement of European origin in the contiguous United States. In 1562, a group of Huguenots led by Jean Ribault arrived in Spanish Florida to establish a colony in the territory claimed by Spain. They explored the mouth of the St. Johns River, calling it la Rivière de Mai (the River May), then sailed northward and established a settlement called Charlesfort at Port Royal Sound in present - day South Carolina. Spain learned of this French expedition through its spies at ports on the Atlantic coast of France. The Huguenot nobleman René de Laudonnière, who had participated in the expedition, returned to Florida in 1564 with three ships and 300 Huguenot colonists. He arrived at the mouth of the River May on June 22, 1564, sailed up it a few miles, and founded Fort Caroline.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 107357, "question": "Which was the country for Syllabub?", "answer": "England", "paragraph_support_idx": 6 }, { "id": 40570, "question": "What early Huguenot Church was established in #1 ?", "answer": "The French Protestant Church of London", "paragraph_support_idx": 0 } ]

[ "French Protestant Church of London", "The French Protestant Church" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Oryx Douala", "paragraph_text": "Oryx Club de Douala is a football club from Douala, Cameroon, that achieved most of its success in the 1960s.It won the inaugural African Cup of Champions Clubs in 1964 beating Stade Malien on a score of 2–1 in the final, and so becoming the first club outfit from Cameroon to win the title. They have also won five league titles and the Cameroon Cup three times, most of which came in the 1960s.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "John de Bohun, 5th Earl of Hereford", "paragraph_text": "John de Bohun, 5th Earl of Hereford (23 November 1306 – 20 January 1336) was born in St Clement's, Oxford to Humphrey de Bohun, 4th Earl of Hereford and Elizabeth of Rhuddlan, a daughter of Edward I of England.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Yanoye", "paragraph_text": "Yanoye (Yanoyé-Yenga or Yenga) is a village in Nana-Mambéré, Central African Republic. It is from Bouar and on the main road (RN3) between Bouar and Garoua-Boulaï in the Cameroons.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Battle of Methven", "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Methven took place at Methven, Scotland on 19 June 1306, during the Wars of Scottish Independence. The battlefield was researched to be included in the Inventory of Historic Battlefields in Scotland and protected by Historic Scotland under the Scottish Historical Environment Policy of 2009 but was excluded due to the uncertainty of its location.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Alberto II della Scala", "paragraph_text": "Alberto II della Scala (1306 – 13 September 1352) was lord of Verona from 1329 until his death. He was a member of the famous Scaliger family of northern Italy.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Middle Ages", "paragraph_text": "Jewish communities were expelled from England in 1290 and from France in 1306. Although some were allowed back into France, most were not, and many Jews emigrated eastwards, settling in Poland and Hungary. The Jews were expelled from Spain in 1492, and dispersed to Turkey, France, Italy, and Holland. The rise of banking in Italy during the 13th century continued throughout the 14th century, fuelled partly by the increasing warfare of the period and the needs of the papacy to move money between kingdoms. Many banking firms loaned money to royalty, at great risk, as some were bankrupted when kings defaulted on their loans.[AE]", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Tabiry", "paragraph_text": "Tabiry was the daughter of Alara of Nubia and his wife Kasaqa and the wife of King Piye. She held some interesting titles: Main King’s Wife, first of her majesty (\"hmt niswt 'at tpit n hm.f\") (the only other queen to hold the Main King's Wife title was Nefertiti) and “The Great One of the Foreign Country” (\"ta-aat-khesut\"). She also holds the more standard titles of King's Wife (\"hmt niswt\"), King's Daughter (\"s3t niswt\"), and King's Sister (\"snt niswt\").", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Cameroon Airlines Flight 3701", "paragraph_text": "Cameroon Airlines Flight 3701 was an air accident that occurred on 3 December 1995. The Boeing 737-200, registration TJ-CBE, crashed after it lost control near Douala, Cameroon. On its second approach to Douala International Airport power was lost to one engine. The accident killed 71 passengers and crew and five people were injured but survived.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Bangou, Cameroon", "paragraph_text": "Bangou is a village of the Bamileke people in the West Province of Cameroon with a population of around 12,000. However, most people that consider themselves \"from Bangou\" do not reside in Bangou, but in Yaoundé, Douala, Nkongsamba or other cities in Cameroon and the world.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Battle of Chumonchin Chan", "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Chumonchin Chan or the Action of 2 July 1950 was the battle fought between surface combatants during the main phase of the Korean War. It began after an Allied flotilla encountered a Korean People's Navy supply fleet.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Battle of Aljubarrota", "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Aljubarrota () was a battle fought between the Kingdom of Portugal and the Crown of Castile on 14 August 1385. Forces commanded by King John I of Portugal and his general Nuno Álvares Pereira, with the support of English allies, opposed the army of King John I of Castile with its Aragonese, Italian and French allies at São Jorge, between the towns of Leiria and Alcobaça, in central Portugal. The result was a decisive victory for the Portuguese, ruling out Castilian ambitions to the Portuguese throne, ending the 1383–85 Crisis and assuring John as King of Portugal.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Southern Cameroons National Council", "paragraph_text": "The Southern Cameroons National Council (SCNC) is a self - determination organisation seeking the independence of the anglophone Southern Cameroons from the predominantly francophone Republic of Cameroon (La République de Cameroun). It is a non-violent organization with the motto ``The force of argument, not the argument of force. ''Because the SCNC advocates separation from Cameroon, it has been declared an illegal organization by the government of Paul Biya. Security forces regularly interrupt SCNC meetings, arresting members and typically detaining them for several days before release.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Kingdom of Bamum", "paragraph_text": "The Kingdom of Bamum (also spelled Bamoum, Bamun, Bamoun, or Mum) (1394–1884) was a pre-colonial Central African state in what is now northwest Cameroon. It was founded by the Mbum, a Bantu ethnic group from northeast Cameroon. Its capital was the ancient walled city of Fumban.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Cameroon", "paragraph_text": "Its foreign policy closely follows that of its main ally, France (one of its former colonial rulers). Cameroon relies heavily on France for its defence, although military spending is high in comparison to other sectors of government.President Biya has engaged in a decades-long clash with the government of Nigeria over possession of the oil-rich Bakassi peninsula. Cameroon and Nigeria share a 1,000-mile (1 600 km) border and have disputed the sovereignty of the Bakassi peninsula. In 1994 Cameroon petitioned the International Court of Justice to resolve the dispute. The two countries attempted to establish a cease-fire in 1996, however, fighting continued for years. In 2002, the ICJ ruled that the Anglo-German Agreement of 1913 gave sovereignty to Cameroon. The ruling called for a withdrawal by both countries and denied the request by Cameroon for compensation due to Nigeria's long-term occupation. By 2004, Nigeria had failed to meet the deadline to handover the peninsula. A UN-mediated summit in June 2006 facilitated an agreement for Nigeria to withdraw from the region and both leaders signed the Greentree Agreement. The withdrawal and handover of control was completed by August 2006.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Philip IV of France", "paragraph_text": "Philip IV (April -- June 1268 -- 29 November 1314), called the Fair (French: Philippe le Bel) or the Iron King (French: le Roi de fer), was King of France from 1285 until his death. By virtue of his marriage with Joan I of Navarre, he was also Philip I, King of Navarre from 1284 to 1305. He also briefly ruled the County of Champagne in right of his wife, although after his accession as king in 1285 the county remained under the sole governance of his wife until her death in 1305, and then fell to their son Louis until Philip's own death in 1314, after which his son acceded to the French throne and the county was finally united to the crown lands of France. Although Philip was known as handsome, his inflexible personality gained him other epithets, from friend and foe alike. His fierce opponent Bernard Saisset, bishop of Pamiers, said of him, ``He is neither man nor beast. He is a statue. ''", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Frederick William III of Prussia", "paragraph_text": "In 1813, following Napoleon's defeat in Russia, Frederick William turned against France and signed an alliance with Russia at Kalisz, although he had to flee Berlin, still under French occupation. Prussian troops played a key part in the victories of the allies in 1813 and 1814, and the King himself travelled with the main army of Prince Schwarzenberg, along with Alexander of Russia and Francis of Austria.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Camair-Co", "paragraph_text": "The Cameroon Airlines Corporation, trading as Camair-Co, is an airline from Cameroon, serving as flag carrier of the country, a role which was previously filled by the now-defunct Cameroon Airlines. Camair-Co has its headquarters in the Immeuble La Rotonde in Douala, and operates out of Douala International Airport.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Armistice of Cassibile", "paragraph_text": "The Armistice of Cassibile was an armistice signed on 3 September 1943 by Walter Bedell Smith and Giuseppe Castellano, and made public on 8 September, between the Kingdom of Italy and the Allies of World War II. It was signed at a conference of generals from both sides in an Allied military camp at Cassibile in Sicily, which had recently been occupied by the Allies. The armistice was approved by both King Victor Emmanuel III and Italian Prime Minister Pietro Badoglio. The armistice stipulated the surrender of Italy to the Allies.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "ANESVAD Foundation", "paragraph_text": "The Foundation declares its main objectives, as health assistance, social development and public awareness. It works in Latin America (Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Mexico, Nicaragua, Peru, Dominican Republic, Venezuela), Asia (Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, Philippines, India, Laos, Thailand, Vietnam), Africa (Benin, Cameroon, Côte d'Ivoire, Eritrea, Ghana), Europe (Spain, Geneva).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Cameroon olive pigeon", "paragraph_text": "The Cameroon olive pigeon (\"Columba sjostedti\") is a species of bird in the family Columbidae. It is found in Cameroon and adjacent Nigeria.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 159395, "question": "Who is Cameroon's main ally?", "answer": "France", "paragraph_support_idx": 13 }, { "id": 56424, "question": "who was the king of #1 in 1306", "answer": "Philip IV", "paragraph_support_idx": 14 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Jennifer Gareis", "paragraph_text": "Jennifer Gareis (born August 1, 1970) is an American actress and former beauty queen. She is best known for her roles as Grace Turner on The Young and the Restless (1997 -- 2004, 2014) and as Donna Logan on The Bold and the Beautiful (2006 -- 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Transwestern Airlines", "paragraph_text": "Transwestern Airlines was a regional airline based in Logan, Utah, its hub was at the Logan-Cache Airport. Founded in 1976, it was later acquired by Horizon Air in 1983.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Pra Frente, Brasil", "paragraph_text": "Pra Frente, Brasil () is a 1982 Brazilian drama film directed, written and produced by Roberto Farias. It tells the fictional story of a man mistakenly arrested by a group linked to the military dictatorship during the 1970 FIFA World Cup.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Ireland in the Eurovision Song Contest", "paragraph_text": "Ireland's seven wins were achieved by Dana with ``All Kinds of Everything ''(1970), Johnny Logan with`` What's Another Year'' (1980) and ``Hold Me Now ''(1987), Linda Martin with`` Why Me'' (1992), Niamh Kavanagh with ``In Your Eyes ''(1993), Paul Harrington and Charlie McGettigan with`` Rock 'n' Roll Kids'' (1994) and Eimear Quinn with ``The Voice ''(1996). Johnny Logan is the only performer to have won twice and also wrote the 1992 winning entry. Ireland, who also finished second with Sean Dunphy (1967), Linda Martin (1984), Liam Reilly (1990) and Marc Roberts (1997), has a total of 18 top five results.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Roman Republic", "paragraph_text": "During the period in which the populares party controlled the city, they flouted convention by re-electing Marius consul several times without observing the customary ten-year interval between offices. They also transgressed the established oligarchy by advancing unelected individuals to magisterial office, and by substituting magisterial edicts for popular legislation. Sulla soon made peace with Mithridates. In 83 BC, he returned to Rome, overcame all resistance, and recaptured the city. Sulla and his supporters then slaughtered most of Marius' supporters. Sulla, having observed the violent results of radical popular reforms, was naturally conservative. As such, he sought to strengthen the aristocracy, and by extension the senate. Sulla made himself dictator, passed a series of constitutional reforms, resigned the dictatorship, and served one last term as consul. He died in 78 BC.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Edward Lawrence Logan", "paragraph_text": "Edward Lawrence Logan (January 20, 1875 – July 6, 1939) was an American lawyer, judge, military officer, and politician. While still a student, Logan enlisted in the Massachusetts 9th infantry during the Spanish–American War. Upon returning to Boston, he ran successfully for a seat on the Boston City Council in 1899, and subsequently won election to the Massachusetts state legislature as both a representative, and later as a state senator. Rising to the rank of major general following the First World War, he was given command of the 26th Infantry Division of the United States Army. Logan was instrumental in the post–World War I reorganization of that unit, as well as the Massachusetts National Guard. He would go on to serve as head of the American Legion's Massachusetts division.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "The Lego Movie (franchise)", "paragraph_text": "Film U.S. release date Director (s) Screenwriter (s) Story by Producer (s) The Lego Movie February 7, 2014 (2014 - 02 - 07) Phil Lord & Christopher Miller Dan Hageman, Kevin Hageman, Phil Lord & Christopher Miller Dan Lin and Roy Lee The Lego Batman Movie February 10, 2017 (2017 - 02 - 10) Chris McKay Seth Grahame - Smith, Chris McKenna, Erik Sommers, Jared Stern & John Whittington Seth Grahame - Smith Dan Lin, Phil Lord, Christopher Miller and Roy Lee The Lego Ninjago Movie September 22, 2017 (2017 - 09 - 22) Charlie Bean, Paul Fisher & Bob Logan Bob Logan, Paul Fisher, William Wheeler, Tom Wheeler, Jared Stern & John Whittington Hilary Winston, Bob Logan, Paul Fisher, William Wheeler, Tom Wheeler, Dan Hageman & Kevin Hageman Dan Lin, Phil Lord, Christopher Miller, Chris McKay, Maryann Garger and Roy Lee The Lego Movie 2: The Second Part February 8, 2019 (2019 - 02 - 08) Mike Mitchell, Trisha Gum (co-director) Phil Lord, Christopher Miller, & Michelle Morgan Phil Lord & Christopher Miller Dan Lin, Phil Lord, Christopher Miller & Roy Lee The Billion Brick Race 2019 TBA Jason Segel & Jorge Gutierrez Drew Pearce", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "José da Cunha Taborda", "paragraph_text": "He was born at Fundão, in the diocese of Guarda, in 1766. After studying painting under Joaquim Manuel da Rocha, he went in 1788 to Rome, where he placed himself under the tuition of Antonio Cavallucci, and gained reputation by a picture of \"The Summoning of Cincinnatus to the Dictatorship.\" After his return to Portugal he was in 1799 appointed professor at the Lisbon Academy, and in 1803 court painter, in which capacity he painted in the royal palace of Ajuda and the hall of the Cortes.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Joanne (Michael Nesmith song)", "paragraph_text": "``Joanne ''Song by Michael Nesmith from the album Magnetic South Released 1970 Recorded 1970 Genre Country rock Length 3: 10 Label RCA Victor Songwriter (s) Michael Nesmith Producer (s) Felton Jarvis", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "William James Mortimer", "paragraph_text": "Mortimer graduated from Logan High School, received his bachelor's degree from Utah State University and journalism degree from Columbia University. After serving as a U.S. Army second lieutenant during the Korean War, he returned to Utah and married Paula Ann Deline.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Military dictatorship of Chile (1973–1990)", "paragraph_text": "The military dictatorship of Chile (Spanish: dictadura militar de Chile) was an authoritarian military government that ruled Chile between 1973 and 1990. The dictatorship was established after the democratically - elected socialist government of Salvador Allende was overthrown by a CIA - backed coup d'état on 11 September 1973. During this time, the country was ruled by a military junta headed by General Augusto Pinochet. The military used the perceived ``breakdown ''of democracy and the economic crisis that took place during Allende's presidency to justify its seizure of power. The dictatorship presented its mission as a`` national reconstruction.''", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Modern history", "paragraph_text": "In Latin America in the 1970s, leftists acquired a significant political influence which prompted the right-wing, ecclesiastical authorities and a large portion of the individual country's upper class to support coup d'états to avoid what they perceived as a communist threat. This was further fueled by Cuban and United States intervention which led to a political polarization. Most South American countries were in some periods ruled by military dictatorships that were supported by the United States of America. In the 1970s, the regimes of the Southern Cone collaborated in Operation Condor killing many leftist dissidents, including some urban guerrillas. However, by the early 1990s all countries had restored their democracies.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 12, "title": "The Wolverine (film)", "paragraph_text": "Meanwhile, Yukio arrives and kills Dr. Green. As Logan fights the Silver Samurai. The Silver Samurai severs Logan's adamantium claws and begins to extract Logan's healing abilities through his bone marrow, revealing himself to be Ichirō, who had faked his death. Ichirō regains his youth, but Mariko intervenes and stabs Ichirō with Logan's severed claws. Logan regenerates his bone claws and kills Ichirō. Logan collapses and has one final hallucination of Jean, in which he decides to finally let her go. Mariko becomes CEO of Yashida Industries and bids farewell to Logan as he prepares to leave Japan. Yukio vows to stay by Logan's side as his bodyguard, and they depart to places unknown.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Planet of the Apes", "paragraph_text": "Planet of the Apes Created by Pierre Boulle Original work La Planète des singes (1963) Print publications Novel (s) La Planète des singes (1963) Comics List of comics Films and television Film (s) Original series Planet of the Apes (1968) Beneath the Planet of the Apes (1970) Escape from the Planet of the Apes (1971) Conquest of the Planet of the Apes (1972) Battle for the Planet of the Apes (1973) Remake Planet of the Apes (2001) Reboot series Rise of the Planet of the Apes (2011) Dawn of the Planet of the Apes (2014) War for the Planet of the Apes (2017) Television series Planet of the Apes (1974) Return to the Planet of the Apes (1975 -- 1976) Games Video game (s) Planet of the Apes (2001) Revenge of the Apes (2003) Planet of the Apes: Last Frontier (2017)", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "The Wolverine (film)", "paragraph_text": "In the present day, Logan lives as a hermit in Yukon, tormented by hallucinations of Jean Grey, whom he was forced to kill to save the world. He is located by Yukio, a mutant with the ability to foresee people's deaths, on behalf of Ichirō, now the CEO of a technology zaibatsu. Ichirō, who is dying of cancer, wants Logan to accompany Yukio to Japan so that he may repay his life debt. In Tokyo, Logan meets Ichirō's son, Shingen, and granddaughter, Mariko. There, Ichirō offers to transfer Logan's healing abilities into his own body, thus saving Ichirō's life and alleviating Logan of his near-immortality, which Logan views as a curse. Logan refuses and prepares to leave the following day. That night, Ichirō's physician Dr. Green introduces something into Logan's body, but Logan dismisses it as a dream.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "X-Men Origins: Wolverine", "paragraph_text": "While Logan and Victor join forces to fight off Weapon XI, Kayla is mortally wounded leading the captive mutants to Professor Charles Xavier and safety. After Logan kills Weapon XI, Stryker arrives and shoots Logan in the head with adamantium bullets, rendering Logan unconscious. Before Stryker can shoot Kayla, she grabs him and uses her mutant power to persuade him to turn around and walk away until his feet bleed. Logan regains consciousness but has lost his memory. He notices his dog tags read ``Logan ''on one side and`` Wolverine'' on the other. He pauses upon noticing Kayla's body, but does not recognize her and leaves the island.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "If You Could Read My Mind", "paragraph_text": "``If You Could Read My Mind ''Single by Gordon Lightfoot from the album Sit Down Young Stranger B - side`` Poor Little Allison'' Released December 1970 Recorded 1970 Genre Soft rock, Folk rock Length 3: 48 Label Reprise Songwriter (s) Gordon Lightfoot Producer (s) Lenny Waronker and Joseph Wissert Gordon Lightfoot singles chronology ``Approaching Lavender ''(1970)`` If You Could Read My Mind'' (1970) ``This Is My Song ''(1971)`` Approaching Lavender'' (1970) ``If You Could Read My Mind ''(1970)`` This Is My Song'' (1971)", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Scattered Crumbs", "paragraph_text": "Set in an Iraqi village during the Iran-Iraq war, \"Scattered Crumbs\" critiques a totalitarian dictatorship through the stories of an impoverished peasant family. A father, a fierce supporter of Saddam Hussein clashes with his artist son, who loves his homeland but finds himself literally unable to paint the Leader's portrait for his father's wall.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Nicaraguan Revolution", "paragraph_text": "The Nicaraguan Revolution (Spanish: Revolución Nicaragüense or Revolución Popular Sandinista) encompassed the rising opposition to the Somoza dictatorship in the 1960s and 1970s, the campaign led by the Sandinista National Liberation Front (FSLN) to violently oust the dictatorship in 1978 -- 79, the subsequent efforts of the FSLN to govern Nicaragua from 1979 until 1990 and the Contra War which was waged between the FSLN - led government of Nicaragua and the United States - backed Contras from 1981 - 1990.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "The Wolverine (film)", "paragraph_text": "In a mid-credits scene, Logan returns to the United States two years later and is approached at the airport by Erik Lehnsherr, who warns him of a grave new threat to the mutant race; and Charles Xavier, whom Logan previously thought was dead.", "is_supporting": true } ]

[ { "id": 159600, "question": "where does logan return to?", "answer": "United States", "paragraph_support_idx": 19 }, { "id": 33316, "question": "Where did #1 support dictatorships in the 1970\"s?", "answer": "South American countries", "paragraph_support_idx": 11 } ]

[ "South America" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Southern Europe", "paragraph_text": "The Late Middle Ages represented a period of upheaval in Europe. The epidemic known as the Black Death and an associated famine caused demographic catastrophe in Europe as the population plummeted. Dynastic struggles and wars of conquest kept many of the states of Europe at war for much of the period. In the Balkans, the Ottoman Empire, a Turkish state originating in Anatolia, encroached steadily on former Byzantine lands, culminating in the Fall of Constantinople in 1453.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Carlos Hugo, Duke of Parma", "paragraph_text": "Carlos Hugo, Duke of Parma and Piacenza (8 April 1930 – 18 August 2010) was the head of the House of Bourbon-Parma from 1977 until his death. Carlos Hugo was the Carlist pretender to the throne of Spain and sought to change the political direction of the Carlist movement through the Carlist Party, of which he was the official head during the fatal Montejurra Incident. His marriage to Princess Irene of the Netherlands in 1964 caused a constitutional crisis in the Netherlands.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Black Death", "paragraph_text": "The results of the Haensch study have since been confirmed and amended. Based on genetic evidence derived from Black Death victims in the East Smithfield burial site in England, Schuenemann et al. concluded in 2011 \"that the Black Death in medieval Europe was caused by a variant of Y. pestis that may no longer exist.\" A study published in Nature in October 2011 sequenced the genome of Y. pestis from plague victims and indicated that the strain that caused the Black Death is ancestral to most modern strains of the disease.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Western black rhinoceros", "paragraph_text": "The western black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis longipes) or West African black rhinoceros is a subspecies of the black rhinoceros, declared extinct by the IUCN in 2011. The western black rhinoceros was believed to have been genetically different from other rhino subspecies. It was once widespread in the savanna of sub-Saharan Africa, but its numbers declined due to poaching. The western black rhinoceros resided primarily in Cameroon, but surveys since 2006 have failed to locate any individuals.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Suicide", "paragraph_text": "Approximately 0.5% to 1.4% of people die by suicide, a mortality rate of 11.6 per 100,000 persons per year. Suicide resulted in 842,000 deaths in 2013 up from 712,000 deaths in 1990. Rates of suicide have increased by 60% from the 1960s to 2012, with these increases seen primarily in the developing world. Globally, as of 2008/2009, suicide is the tenth leading cause of death. For every suicide that results in death there are between 10 and 40 attempted suicides.Suicide rates differ significantly between countries and over time. As a percentage of deaths in 2008 it was: Africa 0.5%, South-East Asia 1.9%, Americas 1.2% and Europe 1.4%. Rates per 100,000 were: Australia 8.6, Canada 11.1, China 12.7, India 23.2, United Kingdom 7.6, United States 11.4 and South Korea 28.9. It was ranked as the 10th leading cause of death in the United States in 2016 with about 45,000 cases that year. Rates have increased in the United States in the last few years, with the highest value being in 2017 (the most recent data). About 650,000 people are seen in emergency departments yearly due to attempting suicide. The country's rate among men in their 50s rose by nearly half in the decade 1999–2010. Lithuania, Japan and Hungary have the highest rates. Around 75% of suicides occur in the developing world. The countries with the greatest absolute numbers of suicides are China and India, accounting for over half the total. In China, suicide is the 5th leading cause of death.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Cephalopod ink", "paragraph_text": "The ink is released from the ink sacs (located between the gills) and is dispersed more widely when its release is accompanied by a jet of water from the siphon. Its dark colour is caused by its main constituent, melanin. Each species of cephalopod produces slightly differently coloured inks; generally, octopuses produce black ink, squid ink is blue - black, and cuttlefish ink is a shade of brown.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Casino Miami", "paragraph_text": "Casino Miami (formerly known as Miami Jai-Alai Fronton) is a 6,500-capacity indoor arena and casino located at 3500 NW 37th Avenue in Miami, Florida. It is primarily used for gambling, jai alai and concerts. Notable past performers include The Allman Brothers Band, Black Sabbath, Bruce Springsteen, Frank Sinatra and Grateful Dead.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Black Death in England", "paragraph_text": "The Black Death was a pneumonic plague pandemic, which reached England in June 1348. It was the first and most severe manifestation of the Second Pandemic, caused by Yersinia pestis bacteria. The term ``Black Death ''was not used until the late 17th century.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Black Death in England", "paragraph_text": "The Black Death was a bubonic plague pandemic, which reached England in June 1348. It was the first and most severe manifestation of the Second Pandemic, caused by Yersinia pestis bacteria. The term ``Black Death ''was not used until the late 17th century.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "René Lagrou", "paragraph_text": "In May 1946 his was one of three names on a 'black list' sent by the government of Belgium to Spain where he was in hiding, along with Léon Degrelle and Pierre Daye. Soon after he was condemned to death \"in absentia\" by the war crimes tribunal in Antwerp.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Black Death", "paragraph_text": "The Black Death, also known as the Great Plague, the Black Plague, or the Plague, was one of the most devastating pandemics in human history, resulting in the deaths of an estimated 75 to 200 million people in Eurasia and peaking in Europe from 1347 to 1351. The bacterium Yersinia pestis, which results in several forms of plague, is believed to have been the cause. The plague created a series of religious, social and economic upheavals, which had profound effects on the course of European history.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Western black rhinoceros", "paragraph_text": "The western black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis longipes) or West African black rhinoceros was a subspecies of the black rhinoceros, declared extinct by the IUCN in 2011. The western black rhinoceros was believed to have been genetically different from other rhino subspecies. It was once widespread in the savanna of sub-Saharan Africa, but its numbers declined due to poaching. The western black rhinoceros resided primarily in Cameroon, but surveys since 2006 have failed to locate any individuals.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Anaphylaxis", "paragraph_text": "In those in whom the cause is known and prompt treatment is available, the prognosis is good. Even if the cause is unknown, if appropriate preventative medication is available, the prognosis is generally good. If death occurs, it is usually due to either respiratory (typically asphyxia) or cardiovascular causes (shock), with 0.7–20% of cases causing death. There have been cases of death occurring within minutes. Outcomes in those with exercise-induced anaphylaxis are typically good, with fewer and less severe episodes as people get older.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Asphyxia", "paragraph_text": "Asphyxia or asphyxiation is a condition of deficient supply of oxygen to the body that arises from abnormal breathing. An example of asphyxia is choking. Asphyxia causes generalized hypoxia, which affects primarily the tissues and organs. There are many circumstances that can induce asphyxia, all of which are characterized by an inability of an individual to acquire sufficient oxygen through breathing for an extended period of time. Asphyxia can cause coma or death.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Acral necrosis", "paragraph_text": "Acral necrosis is a symptom common in bubonic plague. The striking black discoloration of skin and tissue, primarily on the extremities (``acral ''), is commonly thought to have given rise to the name`` Black Death,'' associated both with the disease and the pandemic which occurred in the 14th century. The term in fact came from the figural sense of ``black '', that is ghastly, lugubrious or dreadful.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Spain", "paragraph_text": "Spain (Spanish: España [esˈpaɲa] (listen)), officially the Kingdom of Spain (Spanish: Reino de España), is a country mostly located in Europe. Its continental European territory is situated on the Iberian Peninsula. Its territory also includes two archipelagoes: the Canary Islands off the coast of Africa, and the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea. The African enclaves of Ceuta, Melilla, and Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera make Spain the only European country to have a physical border with an African country (Morocco). Several small islands in the Alboran Sea are also part of Spanish territory. The country's mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with Gibraltar; to the north and northeast by France, Andorra, and the Bay of Biscay; and to the west and northwest by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 16, "title": "List of Death Note episodes", "paragraph_text": "Death Note is a 37 - episode anime series based on the manga series of the same name written by Tsugumi Ohba and illustrated by Takeshi Obata. Death Note aired in Japan on the Nippon Television (NTV) network every Tuesday, from October 3, 2006, to June 26, 2007. The plot of the series primarily revolves around high school student Light Yagami, who decides to rid the world of evil with the help of a supernatural notebook called a Death Note. This book causes the death of anyone whose name is written in it and is passed on to Light by the Shinigami Ryuk after he becomes bored within the Shinigami world.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Frédéric Chopin", "paragraph_text": "Chopin's disease and the cause of his death have since been a matter of discussion. His death certificate gave the cause as tuberculosis, and his physician, Jean Cruveilhier, was then the leading French authority on this disease. Other possibilities have been advanced including cystic fibrosis, cirrhosis and alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency. However, the attribution of tuberculosis as principal cause of death has not been disproved. Permission for DNA testing, which could put the matter to rest, has been denied by the Polish government.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Rigor mortis", "paragraph_text": "Rigor mortis (Latin: rigor ``stiffness '', mortis`` of death'') or postmortem rigidity, the third stage of death, is one of the recognizable signs of death, caused by chemical changes in the muscles post mortem, which cause the limbs of the corpse to stiffen. In humans, rigor mortis can occur as soon as 4 hours post mortem.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Black Death", "paragraph_text": "In October 2010, the open-access scientific journal PLoS Pathogens published a paper by a multinational team who undertook a new investigation into the role of Yersinia pestis in the Black Death following the disputed identification by Drancourt and Raoult in 1998. They assessed the presence of DNA/RNA with Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) techniques for Y. pestis from the tooth sockets in human skeletons from mass graves in northern, central and southern Europe that were associated archaeologically with the Black Death and subsequent resurgences. The authors concluded that this new research, together with prior analyses from the south of France and Germany, \". . . ends the debate about the etiology of the Black Death, and unambiguously demonstrates that Y. pestis was the causative agent of the epidemic plague that devastated Europe during the Middle Ages\".", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 158735, "question": "Where is Spain primarily located?", "answer": "Europe", "paragraph_support_idx": 15 }, { "id": 85166, "question": "what was the cause of the black death in #1", "answer": "The bacterium Yersinia pestis", "paragraph_support_idx": 10 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Sipahh", "paragraph_text": "Sipahh Milk Flavouring Straws are a range of flavouring straws that turn plain cold milk into flavoured milk as the milk is sipped through the straw. Sipahh straws are used like a normal straw. First launched in Australia, the Sipahh straw is now available in 44 countries across 5 continents. The straws have a range of flavours including chocolate, banana, caramel, strawberry, vanilla, cookies & cream, honeycomb and choc-mint. The straws are often available at school canteens and are popular with children.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "His Holiness: The Secret Papers of Benedict XVI", "paragraph_text": "His Holiness: The Secret Papers of Benedict XVI (Italian: \"Sua Santità. Le carte segrete di Benedetto XVI\") is a book published by Italian journalist Gianluigi Nuzzi, consisting of confidential letters and memos between Pope Benedict XVI and his personal secretary. The letters in the book portray the Vatican as a corrupt hotbed of jealousy, intrigue and underhanded factional fighting. The Italian edition paper-book was translated in 2013, in English language and is now available only in e-book format on Amazon platform. The title of the English ebook is \"Ratzinger was afraid\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "I Just Wanna Know", "paragraph_text": "\"I Just Wanna Know '08\" is a re-release of Cruz' debut single that occurred on 10 November 2008. Following the success of the singles \"I Can Be\" and \"She's Like a Star\", Island Records made the decision to re-issue \"I Just Wanna Know\" in an attempt to gain a higher charting position for the single. Although the single was not officially issued physically, a promotional single containing the official remix of \"She's Like a Star\" became widely available. Despite mass promotion, the single only managed to peak at a mediocre #90.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Galo Carrera", "paragraph_text": "Galo Carrera Hurtado (born 19 August 1953 in Mexico) is serving as an Honorary Consul of Mexico to Canada. He is a research associate for marine affairs at Dalhousie University in Halifax, Canada, a visiting professor at the World Maritime University in Malmö, Sweden, and a Fellow of the International Association of Geodesy. He has authored and coauthored nearly 200 scientific articles and technical reports, and has presented papers and made scholarly addresses at international conferences, seminars and courses on five continents.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "2004 United States presidential election", "paragraph_text": "Kerry would later state that \"the widespread irregularities make it impossible to know for certain that the [Ohio] outcome reflected the will of the voters.\" In the same article, Democratic National Committee Chairman Howard Dean said \"I'm not confident that the election in Ohio was fairly decided... We know that there was substantial voter suppression, and the machines were not reliable. It should not be a surprise that the Republicans are willing to do things that are unethical to manipulate elections. That's what we suspect has happened.\"", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Harry Crews", "paragraph_text": "The University of Georgia acquired Harry Crews's papers in August 2006. The archive includes manuscripts and typescripts of his fiction, correspondence, and notes made by Crews while on assignment. Guides to his collections are available at http://hmfa.libs.uga.edu/hmfa/search?keyword=&title=&creator=crews&year=&year-max=&smode=advanced.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Alexander Graham Bell", "paragraph_text": "A large number of Bell's writings, personal correspondence, notebooks, papers and other documents reside at both the United States Library of Congress Manuscript Division (as the Alexander Graham Bell Family Papers), and at the Alexander Graham Bell Institute, Cape Breton University, Nova Scotia; major portions of which are available for online viewing.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Clifford Shull", "paragraph_text": "BULLET::::- Carroll, Cindy. \"Carnegie Mellon University Receives Nobel Laureate Clifford Shull Papers Grant and Additional Gift Will Make the Collection Available to Researchers\", (Mar. 12, 2004): Carnegie Mellon University.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Chrisley Knows Best", "paragraph_text": "Chrisley Knows Best is an American reality television series airing on the USA Network. It centers around the lives of wealthy Georgia real estate mogul Todd Chrisley and his family. The show formerly took place in Roswell and Alpharetta, Georgia, both near Atlanta. The show is currently in its fifth season, which was filmed mainly in Nashville, Tennessee. In the summer of 2017, it was announced that a sixth season of Chrisley Knows Best would air.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "The Sun (United Kingdom)", "paragraph_text": "In exchange for Rupert Murdoch's support, Blair agreed not to join the European Exchange Rate Mechanism – which John Major had withdrawn the country from in September 1992 after barely two years. Cabinet Minister Peter Mandelson was \"outed\" by Matthew Parris (a former Sun columnist) on BBC TV's Newsnight in November 1998. Misjudging public response, The Sun's editor David Yelland demanded to know in a front page editorial whether Britain was governed by a \"gay mafia\" of a \"closed world of men with a mutual self-interest\". Three days later the paper apologised in another editorial which said The Sun would never again reveal a person's sexuality unless it could be defended on the grounds of \"overwhelming public interest\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "History of paper", "paragraph_text": "Paper is a white material primarily used for writing. Although contemporary precursors such as papyrus and amate existed in the Mediterranean world and pre-Columbian Americas, respectively, these materials are not defined as true paper. The first papermaking process was documented in China during the Eastern Han period (25 -- 220 C.E.), traditionally attributed to the court official Cai Lun. During the 8th century, Chinese papermaking spread to the Islamic world, where pulp mills and paper mills were used for money making. By the 11th century, papermaking was brought to medieval Europe, where it was refined with the earliest known paper mills utilizing waterwheels. Later Western improvements to the papermaking process came in the 19th century with the invention of wood - based papers.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Termination of employment", "paragraph_text": "The phrase most likely originated in vaudeville. When the United Booking Office (established in 1906) would issue a cancellation notice to an act, the notice was on a pink slip. Another possible etymology is that many applications (including termination papers) are done in triplicate form, with each copy on a different color of paper, one of which is typically pink.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Open Biology", "paragraph_text": "Open Biology is a peer-reviewed open access scientific journal published by the Royal Society covering biology at the molecular and cellular levels. The first issue was published in September 2011 with an editorial about the launch of the journal. All papers are made freely available under an open access model immediately on publication. The editor-in-chief is David Glover (University of Cambridge).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Better Call Saul", "paragraph_text": "In December 2013, Netflix announced that the entire first season would be available for streaming in the U.S. after the airing of the first - season finale, and in Latin America and Europe each episode would be available a few days after the episode airs in the U.S. However, the first season was not released on Netflix in the U.S. until February 1, 2016.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Voting age", "paragraph_text": "The UK Ministry of Justice published on 3 July 2007 a Green Paper entitled The Governance of Britain, in which it proposed the establishment of a ``Youth Citizenship Commission ''. The Commission would examine the case for lowering the voting age. On launching the Paper in the House of Commons, PM Gordon Brown said:`` Although the voting age has been 18 since 1969, it is right, as part of that debate, to examine, and hear from young people themselves, whether lowering that age would increase participation.''", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Surface and Interface Analysis", "paragraph_text": "Surface and Interface Analysis is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by John Wiley & Sons since 1979. In thirteen issues per year, it publishes original research papers dealing with the development and application of techniques for the characterization of surfaces, interfaces and thin films. It is available both online and in print.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Days into Years", "paragraph_text": "Days Into Years is the third full-length album by Canadian alternative country band Elliott Brood, released September 27, 2011 on Paper Bag Records. The recording is also available on vinyl.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Britney Gallivan", "paragraph_text": "In January 2002, while a junior in high school, Gallivan demonstrated that a single piece of toilet paper 4000 ft (1200 m) in length can be folded in half twelve times. This was contrary to the popular conception that the maximum number of times any piece of paper could be folded in half was seven. She calculated that, instead of folding in half every other direction, the least volume of paper to get 12 folds would be to fold in the same direction, using a very long sheet of paper. A special kind of $85 - per - roll toilet paper in a set of six met her length requirement. Not only did she provide the empirical proof, but she also derived an equation that yielded the width of paper or length of paper necessary to fold a piece of paper of thickness t any n number of times.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Hohtälli", "paragraph_text": "The Hohtälli is a mountain of the Swiss Pennine Alps, located southeast of Zermatt in the canton of Valais. It lies on the range that separates the Findel Glacier from the Gorner Glacier, between the Gornergrat and the Stockhorn. Its summit has an elevation of 3,275 metres and includes a cable car station. The Hohtälli is part of a ski area and features several ski runs leading down the mountain.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Gornergrat", "paragraph_text": "The Gornergrat (; ) is a rocky ridge of the Pennine Alps, overlooking the Gorner Glacier south-east of Zermatt in Switzerland. It can be reached from Zermatt by the Gornergrat rack railway (GGB), the highest open-air railway in Europe. Between the Gornergrat railway station () and the summit is the Kulm Hotel () hosting the new Project \"Stellarium Gornergrat\" and until 2010 the \"Kölner Observatorium für SubMillimeter Astronomie\" KOSMA and before that (until 2005) the Gornergrat Infrared Telescope.", "is_supporting": true } ]

[ { "id": 100840, "question": "What is the continent of Gornergrat?", "answer": "Europe", "paragraph_support_idx": 19 }, { "id": 70487, "question": "paper as we know it would not have been available in #1 until", "answer": "the 11th century", "paragraph_support_idx": 10 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "The 85 Ways to Tie a Tie", "paragraph_text": "The 85 Ways to Tie a Tie () is a book by Thomas Fink and Yong Mao. The authors were research fellows at Cambridge University’s Cavendish Laboratory. It was published by Fourth Estate on Nov 4, 1999, and subsequently published in nine other languages.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Constitution of Texas", "paragraph_text": "Article 15 describes the process of impeachment and lists grounds on which to impeach judges. The House of Representatives is granted the power of impeachment.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Impeachment in the United States", "paragraph_text": "Impeachment proceedings may be commenced by a member of the House of Representatives on her or his own initiative, either by presenting a list of the charges under oath or by asking for referral to the appropriate committee. The impeachment process may be initiated by non-members. For example, when the Judicial Conference of the United States suggests a federal judge be impeached, a charge of actions constituting grounds for impeachment may come from a special prosecutor, the President, or state or territorial legislature, grand jury, or by petition.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Impeachment in the United States", "paragraph_text": "Impeachment in the United States is the process by which the lower house of a legislature brings charges against a civil officer of government for crimes alleged to have been committed, analogous to the bringing of an indictment by a grand jury. At the federal level, this is done by the House of Representatives. Most impeachments have concerned alleged crimes committed while in office, though there have been a few cases in which officials have been impeached and subsequently convicted for prior crimes. The impeached official remains in office until a trial is held. That trial, and their removal from office if convicted, is separate from the act of impeachment itself. Analogous to a trial before a judge and jury, these proceedings are (where the legislature is bicameral) conducted by upper house of the legislature, which at the federal level is the Senate.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Vice President of the United States", "paragraph_text": "No mention of an office of vice president was made at the 1787 Constitutional Convention until near the end, when an 11 - member committee on ``Leftover Business ''proposed a method of electing the president and vice president, and recommended that the vice president succeed the executive in the event of a vacancy in that position, but would otherwise serve as the president of the Senate, casting a vote only to break a tie. Although delegates approved establishing the office, with both its executive and senatorial functions, not many understood the extent of the vice president's duties. Only a few states had an analogous position. Among those that did, New York's constitution provided that,`` The lieutenant - governor shall, by virtue of his office, be president of the Senate, and, upon an equal division, have a casting voice in their decisions, but not vote on any other occasion.''", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Let's Impeach the President", "paragraph_text": "\"Let's Impeach the President\" is a protest song written, produced and recorded by Neil Young. It is the seventh track on his 2006 studio album \"Living with War\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Impeachment of Andrew Johnson", "paragraph_text": "This was the first impeachment of a President since creation of the office in 1789. The culmination of a lengthy political battle between Johnson, a lifelong Democrat and the Republican majority in Congress over how best to deal with the defeated Southern states following the conclusion of the American Civil War, the impeachment, and the subsequent trial (and acquittal) of Johnson were among the most dramatic events in the political life of the nation during the Reconstruction Era. Together, they have gained a historical reputation as an act of political expedience, rather than necessity, which was based on Johnson's defiance of an unconstitutional piece of legislation, and which was conducted with little regard for the will of a general public which, despite the unpopularity of Johnson, opposed the impeachment.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "United States Senate", "paragraph_text": "The House of Representatives has impeached sixteen officials, of whom seven were convicted. (One resigned before the Senate could complete the trial.) Only two presidents of the United States have ever been impeached: Andrew Johnson in 1868 and Bill Clinton in 1998. Both trials ended in acquittal; in Johnson's case, the Senate fell one vote short of the two-thirds majority required for conviction.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "President of the Senate", "paragraph_text": "Vice presidents have cast 261 tie - breaking votes since the U.S. federal government was established in 1789. The vice president with the most tie breaking votes is John Adams (served 1789 -- 1797) with 29. The current Vice President Mike Pence, in office since January 2017, has made six tie - breaking votes.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Impeachment in the United States", "paragraph_text": "At the federal level, Article Two of the United States Constitution states in Section 4 that ``The President, Vice President, and all civil Officers of the United States shall be removed from Office on Impeachment for, and conviction of, Treason, Bribery, or other High Crimes and Misdemeanors. ''The House of Representatives has the sole power of impeaching, while the United States Senate has the sole power to try all impeachments. The removal of impeached officials is automatic upon conviction in the Senate. In Nixon v. United States (1993), the Supreme Court determined that the federal judiciary can not review such proceedings.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Impeachment of Bill Clinton", "paragraph_text": "Leading to the impeachment, Independent Counsel Ken Starr turned over documentation to the House Judiciary Committee. Chief Prosecutor David Schippers and his team reviewed the material and determined there was sufficient evidence to impeach the president. As a result, four charges were considered by the full House of Representatives; two passed, making Clinton the second president to be impeached, after Andrew Johnson in 1868, and only the third against whom articles of impeachment had been brought before the full House for consideration (Richard Nixon resigned from the presidency in 1974, while an impeachment process against him was underway).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Impeachment of Andrew Johnson", "paragraph_text": "The Impeachment of Andrew Johnson occurred in 1868, when the United States House of Representatives resolved to impeach President Andrew Johnson, adopting eleven articles of impeachment detailing his ``high crimes and misdemeanors, ''in accordance with Article Two of the United States Constitution. The House's primary charge against Johnson was with violation of the Tenure of Office Act, passed by Congress the previous year. Specifically, he had removed Edwin McMasters Stanton, the Secretary of War, whom the Tenure of Office Act was largely designed to protect, from office and attempted to replace him with Brevet Major General Lorenzo Thomas. Contrary to popular belief, Johnson was not impeached for temporarily replacing Stanton with General Ulysses Grant earlier while Congress was not in session.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "2018 FIFA World Cup Group H", "paragraph_text": "Group H of the 2018 FIFA World Cup took place from 19 to 28 June 2018. The group consisted of Poland, Senegal, Colombia, and Japan. The top two teams, Colombia and Japan, advanced to the round of 16. For the first time in World Cup history, the ``fair play ''rule was invoked to break a tie. Japan and Senegal finished with identical scores and goal differences to tie for second behind Colombia. Japan were awarded the place in the final 16 based on receiving fewer yellow cards in their three matches.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "NBA playoffs", "paragraph_text": "In September 2015, the NBA announced changes to the formula used to determine the format of the 2016 NBA Playoffs. The top eight teams in each conference (East and West), ranked in order by win - loss records, qualify for the playoffs. The tie - break criteria for playoff seeding and home - court advantage have also changed; head - to - head results between the tied teams is the first tie - breaker, and whether a team won its division championship is the second tie - breaker.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "My House (Flo Rida song)", "paragraph_text": "``My House ''is a song by American recording artist Flo Rida from his 2015 EP of the same name. The song was released as the album's third official single on October 13, 2015 in the US. The song contains a sample from`` Impeach the President'' by The Honey Drippers.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Term limits in the United States", "paragraph_text": "Office Term limits President Limited to being elected to a total of 2 four - year terms. A President by succession who completes more than two years of a former President's unfinished term may be elected in his or her own right only once, and 2 more four - year terms are permitted if they complete two years or less. Becoming a President by succession may happen to someone an unlimited number of times, for example, if he or she is Vice President and the President dies, resigns or is removed from office via impeachment conviction. Vice President Unlimited four - year terms House of Representatives Unlimited two - year terms Senate Unlimited six - year terms Supreme Court No term limits, appointed to serve ``during good behavior ''(but can be impeached and removed from office for`` high Crimes and Misdemeanors''); in practice a Justice serves until death or stepping down (by retirement or resignation)", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Impeachment in the United States", "paragraph_text": "At the federal level, Article I, Section 2, Clause 5 of the Constitution grants to the House of Representatives ``the sole power of impeachment '', and Article I, Section 3, Clause 6 grants to the Senate`` the sole Power to try all Impeachments''. In considering articles of impeachment, the House is obligated to base any charges on the constitutional standards specified in Article II, Section 4: ``The President, Vice President, and all civil Officers of the United States shall be removed from Office on Impeachment for, and conviction of, Treason, Bribery, or other High Crimes and Misdemeanors ''. (Full text of clauses)", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Lieutenant Governor of Arkansas", "paragraph_text": "The Lieutenant Governor of Arkansas presides over the Arkansas Senate with a tie-breaking vote, serves as governor when the governor is out of state, and serves as governor if the governor is impeached, removed from office, dies or is otherwise unable to discharge the office's duties. The lieutenant governor position is elected separately from the governor.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Casting vote", "paragraph_text": "While having the same right to vote as any member of the House, the Speaker of the United States House of Representatives, to maintain the appearance of impartiality, typically does not vote unless doing so would make a difference. This is, in effect, a casting vote.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 19, "title": "President of the Senate", "paragraph_text": "The Vice President of the United States is assigned the responsibility of presiding over the Senate and designated as its president by the United States Constitution. The vice president, as President of the Senate, has the authority (ex officio, for he or she is not an elected member of the Senate) to cast a tie - breaking vote. Other than this, the rules of the Senate grant its president very little power (in contrast to the powerful office of Speaker of the House of Representatives).", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 54902, "question": "who has the authority to impeach a president", "answer": "House of Representatives", "paragraph_support_idx": 3 }, { "id": 88814, "question": "who breaks a tie in #1", "answer": "the Speaker of the United States House of Representatives", "paragraph_support_idx": 18 } ]

[ "United States House of Representatives" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Hannah Maria Libby Smith House", "paragraph_text": "The Hannah Maria Libby Smith House, also known as the Arnel Milner Home, is a historic house located in Provo, Utah, United States. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Utah Territory", "paragraph_text": "The Territory of Utah was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from September 9, 1850, until January 4, 1896, when the final extent of the territory was admitted to the Union as the State of Utah, the 45th state.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "U. J. Cleveland House", "paragraph_text": "The U. J. Cleveland House (also known as the Thomas Smith House) is a historic house located at 551 Charles Street in Mobile, Alabama. It is locally significant as an intact Gulf Coast Cottage with an unusual interior plan.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "John C. Sharp House", "paragraph_text": "The John C. Sharp House, located off Utah 36 in Vernon, Utah, is an Italianate house that was built in 1888.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "John Blair Smith Todd", "paragraph_text": "John Blair Smith Todd (April 4, 1814 – January 5, 1872) was a Delegate from Dakota Territory to the United States House of Representatives and a general in the Union Army during the American Civil War.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "C. Burton Hotel", "paragraph_text": "The C. Burton Hotel, also known as the Sycamore House, is located on NY 55 a mile west of Grahamsville, New York, United States. It is a wooden Greek Revival structure dating to 1851.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Ackerman-Smith House", "paragraph_text": "The Ackerman-Smith House is a historic house located in Saddle River, Bergen County, New Jersey, United States, built in 1760. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on August 29, 1986.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Alabama Territory", "paragraph_text": "The Territory of Alabama (sometimes Alabama Territory) was an organized incorporated territory of the United States. The Alabama Territory was carved from the Mississippi Territory on August 15, 1817 and lasted until December 14, 1819, when it was admitted to the Union as the twenty-second state.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "John Smith House (Kingston, New York)", "paragraph_text": "The John Smith House is located on Albany Avenue (NY 32) in Kingston, New York, United States. It is a wood frame house in the Italianate architectural style built in the mid-19th century.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "51st state", "paragraph_text": "On May 15, 2013, Resident Commissioner Pierluisi introduced H.R. 2000 to Congress to \"set forth the process for Puerto Rico to be admitted as a state of the Union,\" asking for Congress to vote on ratifying Puerto Rico as the 51st state. On February 12, 2014, Senator Martin Heinrich introduced a bill in the US Senate. The bill would require a binding referendum to be held in Puerto Rico asking whether the territory wants to be admitted as a state. In the event of a yes vote, the president would be asked to submit legislation to Congress to admit Puerto Rico as a state.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Admission to the Union", "paragraph_text": "The Admission to the Union Clause of the United States Constitution, oftentimes called the New States Clause, and found at Article IV, Section 3, Clause 1, authorizes the Congress to admit new states into the United States beyond the thirteen already in existence at the time the Constitution went into effect.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Texas annexation", "paragraph_text": "The Texas annexation was the 1845 incorporation of the Republic of Texas into the United States of America, which was admitted to the Union as the 28th state on December 29, 1845.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Union Hill, Morris County, New Jersey", "paragraph_text": "Union Hill is an unincorporated community located within Denville Township in Morris County, New Jersey, United States. The Union Hill section comprises the southernmost part of Denville and is mostly south of Route 10. Although one of the oldest settled parts of Denville, it is characterized by having the most recent housing development in the town. Union Hill is the home of the Denville Township School District Board of Education, housed in Denville's first school, a small one-room structure.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "James Peyton Smith", "paragraph_text": "James Peyton Smith, known as James P. Smith (September 6, 1925 – August 14, 2006), was a Democratic member of the Louisiana House of Representatives from Union and Morehouse parishes in North Louisiana, a position which he held from 1964 to 1972 during the administration of Governor John McKeithen. In the first term he represented only Union Parish. Thereafter from 1972 to 1992, he was the sergeant-at-arms of the Louisiana State Senate.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Other C. Wamsley House", "paragraph_text": "The Other C. Wamsley House built in 1909 is an historic octagon house located at 200 North 5th Street in Hamilton, Montana, United States. On August 26, 1988, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Meng House", "paragraph_text": "Meng House, also known as The Hill House and Clough-Wallace House, is a historic home located at Union in Union County, South Carolina, United States. It was built about 1832, and is a two-story, Greek Revival style frame dwelling. It features two two-story Doric order porticos supported by four stucco-over-brick columns. It has a two-story wing that houses the kitchen with bathrooms above.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Dakota Territory", "paragraph_text": "The Territory of Dakota was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from March 2, 1861, until November 2, 1889, when the final extent of the reduced territory was split and admitted to the Union as the states of North and South Dakota.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Abiel Smith School", "paragraph_text": "Abiel Smith School, founded in 1835, is a school located at 46 Joy Street in Boston, Massachusetts, United States, adjacent to the African Meeting House. It is named for Abiel Smith, a white philanthropist who left money (an estimated $4,000) in his will to the city of Boston for the education of black children.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Elven C. Smith House", "paragraph_text": "Elven C. Smith House is a historic home located at Williamson, Mingo County, West Virginia. It was built in 1938, in a Neo-Classical Revival / Georgian Revival style. It is a red brick building with a hipped roof and features a two-story, flat roofed portico supported by fluted columns. Also on the property is a stone retaining wall and monumental stairway in the landscaped gardens.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 19, "title": "West Virginia", "paragraph_text": "West Virginia became a state following the Wheeling Conventions of 1861, after the American Civil War had begun. Delegates from some Unionist counties of northwestern Virginia decided to break away from Virginia, although they included many secessionist counties in the new state. West Virginia was admitted to the Union on June 20, 1863, and was a key border state during the war. West Virginia was the only state to form by separating from a Confederate state, the first to separate from any state since Maine separated from Massachusetts, and was one of two states admitted to the Union during the American Civil War (the other being Nevada). While a portion of its residents held slaves, most of the residents were yeomen farmers, and the delegates provided for gradual abolition of slavery in the new state constitution.", "is_supporting": true } ]

[ { "id": 131336, "question": "Which state is Elven C. Smith House located?", "answer": "West Virginia", "paragraph_support_idx": 18 }, { "id": 48271, "question": "when was #1 admitted to the union", "answer": "June 20, 1863", "paragraph_support_idx": 19 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "José Joaquín de Olmedo International Airport", "paragraph_text": "José Joaquín de Olmedo International Airport (Spanish: Aeropuerto Internacional José Joaquín de Olmedo; IATA: GYE, ICAO: SEGU) is an airport serving Guayaquil, the capital of the Guayas Province and the most populous city in Ecuador. It is the second busiest airport in Ecuador.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 1, "title": "2000 United States presidential election", "paragraph_text": "The United States presidential election of 2000 was the 54th quadrennial presidential election. It was held on Tuesday, November 7, 2000. Republican candidate George W. Bush, the Governor of Texas and the eldest son of the 41st President George H.W. Bush, won the election by defeating Democratic nominee Al Gore, the incumbent vice president. It was the fourth of five presidential elections in which the winning candidate lost the popular vote.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "2016 United States presidential election in New Hampshire", "paragraph_text": "The 2016 United States presidential election in New Hampshire was won by Hillary Clinton by a 0.3 percentage point margin, on November 8, 2016, as part of the 2016 General Election. New Hampshire voters chose electors to represent them in the Electoral College by a popular vote.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Stockholm Arlanda Airport", "paragraph_text": "Stockholm Arlanda Airport (IATA: ARN, ICAO: ESSA), is an international airport located in the Sigtuna Municipality of Sweden, near the town of Märsta, 37 kilometres (23 mi) north of Stockholm and nearly 40 kilometres (25 mi) south - east of Uppsala. The airport is located within Stockholm County and the province of Uppland. It is the largest airport in Sweden and the third - largest airport in the Nordic countries. The airport is the major gateway to international air travel for large parts of Sweden. Arlanda Airport was used by close to 27 million passengers in 2017, with 21.2 million international passengers and 5.5 million domestic.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Republican Party (United States)", "paragraph_text": "The party has won 24 of the last 40 U.S. presidential elections and there have been a total of 19 Republican presidents, the most from any one party. The first was 16th president Abraham Lincoln, who served from 1861 until his assassination in 1865, and the most recent being 45th and current president Donald Trump, who took office on January 20, 2017.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "1824 United States presidential election", "paragraph_text": "The United States presidential election of 1824 was the tenth quadrennial presidential election, held from Tuesday, October 26, to Thursday, December 2, 1824. In an election contested by four members of the Democratic - Republican Party, no candidate won a majority of the electoral vote, necessitating a contingent election in the House of Representatives under the provisions of the Twelfth Amendment to the United States Constitution. On February 9, 1825, the House of Representatives elected John Quincy Adams as president. The 1824 presidential election was the first election in which the winner of the election lost the popular vote.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "2011 Nicaraguan general election", "paragraph_text": "Presidential and parliamentary elections were held in Nicaragua on 6 November 2011. The incumbent president Daniel Ortega, won a third term in this election, with a landslide victory.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Montana", "paragraph_text": "In presidential elections, Montana was long classified as a swing state, though the state has voted for the Republican candidate in all but two elections from 1952 to the present. The state last supported a Democrat for president in 1992, when Bill Clinton won a plurality victory. Overall, since 1889 the state has voted for Democratic governors 60 percent of the time and Democratic presidents 40 percent of the time, with these numbers being 40/60 for Republican candidates. In the 2008 presidential election, Montana was considered a swing state and was ultimately won by Republican John McCain, albeit by a narrow margin of two percent.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "2018 Mexican general election", "paragraph_text": "The presidential election was won by Andrés Manuel López Obrador of the National Regeneration Movement (MORENA), running as the candidate of the Juntos Haremos Historia alliance. This is the first time a candidate won an outright majority (according to official vote counts) since 1988, and the first time that a candidate not from the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) or its predecessors has done so since the Mexican Revolution. This election also marked both the worst electoral defeat suffered by the PRI and the worst electoral defeat for a sitting Mexican government since universal suffrage was adopted in the country.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "President of Ghana", "paragraph_text": "The President of the Republic of Ghana is the elected head of state and head of government of Ghana, as well as Commander - in - Chief of the Ghana Armed Forces. The current President of Ghana is Nana Akufo - Addo, who won the 2016 presidential election against the incumbent, John Dramani Mahama, by a margin of 9.45%. Nana Akufo - Addo was sworn into office on 7 January 2017.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "2017 Ecuadorian general election", "paragraph_text": "General elections were held in Ecuador on 19 February 2017 alongside a referendum on tax havens. Voters elected a new President and National Assembly. Incumbent President Rafael Correa of the PAIS Alliance was not eligible for re-election, having served two terms. In the first round of the presidential elections, PAIS Alliance candidate Lenín Moreno received 39% of the vote. Although he was more than 10% ahead of his nearest rival, Guillermo Lasso of the Creating Opportunities party, Moreno was just short of the 40% threshold required to avoid a run - off. As a result, a second round was held on 2 April. In the second round Moreno was elected President with 51.16% of the vote.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 11, "title": "2016 United States presidential election in Michigan", "paragraph_text": "The 2016 United States presidential election in Michigan was won by Donald Trump on November 8, 2016 with 47.50% of the total votes, over Hillary Clinton's 47.27%. All of Michigan's 16 Electoral Votes were assigned to Trump, contributing to his victory in the 2016 United States presidential election.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Elections in the United States", "paragraph_text": "The United States has a presidential system of government, which means that the executive and legislature are elected separately. Article One of the United States Constitution requires that any election for the U.S. President must occur on a single day throughout the country; elections for Congressional offices, however, can be held at different times. Congressional and presidential elections take place simultaneously every four years, and the intervening Congressional elections, which take place every two years, are called Midterm elections.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "2008 United States Senate elections", "paragraph_text": "Going into these elections, the Senate consisted of 49 Democrats, 49 Republicans, and two Independents who caucused with the Democrats, giving the Democratic caucus the slightest 51 - 49 majority. Of the seats up for election in 2008, 23 were held by Republicans and 12 by Democrats. The Republicans, who openly conceded early on that they would n't be able to regain the majority in 2008, lost eight seats. This election was the second cycle in a row in which no seats switched from Democratic to Republican. In addition, this was the largest Democratic Senate gain since 1986, when they also won eight seats. These elections marked the first time since 1964 in which a Democratic presidential candidate won the White House with Senate coattails. Finally, 2008 was the first presidential election year since 1948 in which Senate Class 2 saw net gains for the winning presidential candidate's party.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Patriotic Party (Guatemala)", "paragraph_text": "At the legislative elections held on 9 November 2003, the party was part of the Grand National Alliance which won 24.3% of the vote and 47 out of 158 Congressional seats. The presidential candidate of the alliance, Óscar Berger Perdomo, won 34.3% at the presidential elections of the same day. He won 54.1% at the second round and was elected president.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "2000 United States presidential election in Florida", "paragraph_text": "The 2000 United States presidential election in Florida took place on November 7, 2000, as part of the nationwide presidential election. Florida, a swing state, had a major recount dispute that took center stage in the election. The outcome of the 2000 United States presidential election was not known for more than a month after balloting because of the extended process of counting and recounting Florida's presidential ballots. State results tallied on election night gave 246 electoral votes to Republican nominee Texas Governor George W. Bush and 255 to Democratic nominee Vice President Al Gore, with New Mexico (5), Oregon (7), and Florida (25) too close to call that evening. Gore won New Mexico and Oregon over the following few days, but the result in Florida would have been decisive however those two states had voted.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Republic of the Congo", "paragraph_text": "Sassou also won the following presidential election in July 2009. According to the Congolese Observatory of Human Rights, a non-governmental organization, the election was marked by \"very low\" turnout and \"fraud and irregularities\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Guinea-Bissau", "paragraph_text": "In June 2005, presidential elections were held for the first time since the coup that deposed Ialá. Ialá returned as the candidate for the PRS, claiming to be the legitimate president of the country, but the election was won by former president João Bernardo Vieira, deposed in the 1999 coup. Vieira beat Malam Bacai Sanhá in a runoff election. Sanhá initially refused to concede, claiming that tampering and electoral fraud occurred in two constituencies including the capital, Bissau.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "2020 United States presidential election", "paragraph_text": "The United States presidential election of 2020, scheduled for Tuesday, November 3, 2020, will be the 59th quadrennial U.S. presidential election. Voters will select presidential electors who in turn will either elect a new president and vice president through the electoral college or reelect the incumbents. The series of presidential primary elections and caucuses are likely to be held during the first six months of 2020. This nominating process is also an indirect election, where voters cast ballots selecting a slate of delegates to a political party's nominating convention, who then in turn elect their party's presidential nominee.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "1950 Finnish presidential election", "paragraph_text": "Two-stage presidential elections were held in Finland in 1950, the first time the public had been involved in a presidential election since 1937 as three non-popular elections had taken place in 1940, 1943 and 1946. On 16 and 17 January the public elected presidential electors to an electoral college. They in turn elected the President. The result was a victory for Juho Kusti Paasikivi, who won on the first ballot. The turnout for the popular vote was 63.8%.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 161596, "question": "What country is this airport located in?", "answer": "Ecuador", "paragraph_support_idx": 0 }, { "id": 90328, "question": "who has won the 2017 #1 presidential election", "answer": "Lenín Moreno", "paragraph_support_idx": 10 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "1970–71 Coupe de France", "paragraph_text": "The Coupe de France's results of the 1970–71 season. Stade Rennais won the final played on 20 June 1971, beating Olympique Lyonnais.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Between Miracles", "paragraph_text": "Between Miracles () is a 1971 Italian commedia all'italiana film written and directed by Italian actor Nino Manfredi, in his debut as feature film director.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "List of leaders of the Soviet Union", "paragraph_text": "Leonid Brezhnev (1906 -- 1982) 14 October 1964 ↓ 10 November 1982 † 23rd -- 26th Congress Served as First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party, was later renamed General Secretary, and was co-equal with premier Alexei Kosygin until the 1970s. To consolidate his power he later assumed the title of Chairman of the Presidium.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Gold standard", "paragraph_text": "Starting in the 1959 -- 1969 administration of President Charles de Gaulle and continuing until 1970, France reduced its dollar reserves, exchanging them for gold at the official exchange rate, reducing US economic influence. This, along with the fiscal strain of federal expenditures for the Vietnam War and persistent balance of payments deficits, led U.S. President Richard Nixon to end international convertibility of the U.S. dollar to gold on August 15, 1971 (the ``Nixon Shock '').", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Ice hockey at the 1980 Winter Olympics", "paragraph_text": "The men's ice hockey tournament at the 1980 Winter Olympics in Lake Placid, U.S.A., was the 14th Olympic Championship. Twelve teams competed in the tournament, which was held from February 12 to 24. The United States won its second gold medal, including a win over the heavily favored Soviet Union that became known as the ``Miracle on Ice ''. Games were held at the Olympic Arena and the Olympic Fieldhouse.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Herb Brooks", "paragraph_text": "Herbert Paul Brooks Jr. (August 5, 1937 -- August 11, 2003) was an American ice hockey player and coach. His most notable achievement came in 1980 as head coach of the gold medal - winning U.S. Olympic hockey team at Lake Placid. At the games, Brooks' US team upset the heavily favored Soviet team in a match that came to be known as the 'Miracle on Ice'. Brooks would go on to coach multiple NHL teams, as well as the French hockey team at the 1998 Winter Olympics, and ultimately returned to coach the US men's team to a silver medal at the 2002 games in Salt Lake City. Brooks was killed in a 2003 car accident. At the time of his death, Brooks was the Pittsburgh Penguins' director of player personnel.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "2013–14 NLA season", "paragraph_text": "The 2013–14 National League A season is the seventh ice hockey season of Switzerland's top hockey league, the National League A. Overall, it is the 76th season of Swiss professional hockey. It was won by ZSC Lions after beating Kloten Flyers 4-0 in the playoff final.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Pope Paul VI", "paragraph_text": "In December 2013, Vatican officials approved a supposed miracle that was attributed to the intercession of the late pontiff which was the curing of an unborn child in California, U.S.A in the 1990s. It was expected that Pope Francis would approve the miracle in the near future, thus, warranting the beatification of the late pontiff. In February 2014, it was reported that the consulting Vatican theologians to the Congregation for the Causes of Saints recognized the miracle attributed to the late pontiff.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Claude LaBrosse", "paragraph_text": "Claude LaBrosse (born February 3, 1934) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey defenceman. His professional career spanned 16 years, from 1956 to 1971.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "1971–72 NHL season", "paragraph_text": "The 1971–72 NHL season was the 55th season of the National Hockey League. Fourteen teams each played 78 games. The Boston Bruins beat the New York Rangers four games to two for their second Stanley Cup in three seasons in the finals.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "I Just Can't Stop It", "paragraph_text": "I Just Ca n't Stop It is the debut album by UK 2 tone band The Beat. The album was released in 1980 via Go Feet Records in the UK. It was released the same year in the US on Sire Records under the band name ``The English Beat ''.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Collage (Le Orme album)", "paragraph_text": "Collage is an album by the Italian progressive rock band Le Orme. It was released in 1971. It is the first progressive-like album by the band, who had previously recorded only the beat-oriented \"Ad Gloriam\" of 1968.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Robert C. Lee", "paragraph_text": "Robert Corwin Lee (August 30, 1888 – September 1, 1971) was Vice President of the Moore-McCormack Lines shipping company, and an officer of the US Navy achieving the rank of Rear Admiral (lower half) in the US Naval Reserve.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Swinburne Ice Shelf", "paragraph_text": "The Swinburne Ice Shelf (), is an ice shelf just north of Edward VII Peninsula and the Alexandra Mountains in the southern part of Sulzberger Bay, Antarctica. The ice shelf is 20 miles long and 5 miles wide and extends from Fisher Island to White Islands. It was photographed from aircraft and mapped by the Byrd Antarctic Expedition (ByrdAE), 1928-30. Named by Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) for Captain H.W Swinburne, Jr., Deputy Commander and Chief of Staff, U.S. Naval Support Force, Antarctica, during Operation Deep Freeze 1970 and 1971.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Arnold Schwarzenegger", "paragraph_text": "He continued his winning streak in the 1971–74 competitions. In 1975, Schwarzenegger was once again in top form, and won the title for the sixth consecutive time, beating Franco Columbu. After the 1975 Mr. Olympia contest, Schwarzenegger announced his retirement from professional bodybuilding.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Miracle on Ice", "paragraph_text": "The ``Miracle on Ice ''refers to a medal - round game during the men's ice hockey tournament at the 1980 Winter Olympics in Lake Placid, New York, played between the hosting United States, and the four - time defending gold medalists, the Soviet Union.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Queen (band)", "paragraph_text": "After working on various solo projects during 1988 (including Mercury's collaboration with Montserrat Caballé, Barcelona), the band released The Miracle in 1989. The album continued the direction of A Kind of Magic, using a pop-rock sound mixed with a few heavy numbers. It spawned the European hits \"I Want It All\", \"Breakthru\", \"The Invisible Man\", \"Scandal\", and \"The Miracle\". The Miracle also began a change in direction of Queen's songwriting philosophy. Since the band's beginning, nearly all songs had been written by and credited to a single member, with other members adding minimally. With The Miracle, the band's songwriting became more collaborative, and they vowed to credit the final product only to Queen as a group.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "You Beat Me to the Punch", "paragraph_text": "``You Beat Me to the Punch ''is a soul single by Motown singer Mary Wells, released on the Motown label in 1962. It was co-written by Smokey Robinson of the Miracles, who was responsible for the majority of hits released by Wells while she was a Motown artist, and another Miracles member, Ronnie White.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Curt Chaplin", "paragraph_text": "Chaplin provided a version of audio play-by-play for one of the most famous moments in American sports history—the Miracle on Ice hockey game during the 1980 Winter Olympics at Lake Placid, New York. The underdog United States national team defeated the Soviet Union national team 4-3 in the semifinal round, beating a team that had won six of the previous seven Olympic gold medals. Chaplin, in an interview, notes that he was assigned to cover the game as a sports reporter for ABC News Radio, not a play-by-play announcer. However, he thought the game might be significant and found a spot near a TV camera to stand and narrate the game into his cassette recorder. His call of the game is now part of an exhibit about the game at the Hockey Hall of Fame.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Friday Ahunanya", "paragraph_text": "Friday Chinedu Ahunanya (born 19 November 1971 in Port Harcourt, Nigeria) is a professional boxer. He is a journeyman heavyweight best known for beating several undefeated prospects and for his appearances on ESPN fight cards.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 50525, "question": "who did the us beat in the miracle on ice", "answer": "the Soviet Union", "paragraph_support_idx": 15 }, { "id": 43340, "question": "who was the president of #1 in 1971", "answer": "Leonid Brezhnev", "paragraph_support_idx": 2 } ]

[ "Brezhnev" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "New Bussa", "paragraph_text": "New Bussa is a town in Niger State, Nigeria. It is the new site of Bussa after the Kainji Lake dam set the previous location underwater. As of 2007 New Bussa had an estimated population of 24,449.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Quileute", "paragraph_text": "The Quileute , also known as the \"Quillayute\" , are a Native American people in western Washington state in the United States, currently numbering approximately 2000. The Quileute people settled onto the Quileute Indian Reservation () after signing the Quinault Treaty in 1855. It is located near the southwest corner of Clallam County, Washington at the mouth of the Quillayute River on the Pacific coast. The reservation's main population center is the community of La Push, Washington. The 2000 census reported an official resident population of 371 people on the reservation, which has a land area of 4.061 km² (1.5678 sq mi, or 1,003.4 acres).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Bridge of the Gods (land bridge)", "paragraph_text": "The Bridge of the Gods was a natural dam created by the Bonneville Slide, a major landslide that dammed the Columbia River near present-day Cascade Locks, Oregon in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. The river eventually breached the bridge and washed much of it away, but the event is remembered in local legends of the Native Americans as the \"Bridge of the Gods\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Montana", "paragraph_text": "Montana has a larger Native American population numerically and percentage-wise than most U.S. states. Although the state ranked 45th in population (according to the 2010 U.S. Census), it ranked 19th in total native people population. Native people constituted 6.5 percent of the state's total population, the sixth highest percentage of all 50 states. Montana has three counties in which Native Americans are a majority: Big Horn, Glacier, and Roosevelt. Other counties with large Native American populations include Blaine, Cascade, Hill, Missoula, and Yellowstone counties. The state's Native American population grew by 27.9 percent between 1980 and 1990 (at a time when Montana's entire population rose just 1.6 percent), and by 18.5 percent between 2000 and 2010. As of 2009, almost two-thirds of Native Americans in the state live in urban areas. Of Montana's 20 largest cities, Polson (15.7 percent), Havre (13.0 percent), Great Falls (5.0 percent), Billings (4.4 percent), and Anaconda (3.1 percent) had the greatest percentage of Native American residents in 2010. Billings (4,619), Great Falls (2,942), Missoula (1,838), Havre (1,210), and Polson (706) have the most Native Americans living there. The state's seven reservations include more than twelve distinct Native American ethnolinguistic groups.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Atkinsons Dam, Queensland", "paragraph_text": "Atkinsons Dam is a rural locality in the Somerset Region, Queensland, Australia. It is known for the Atkinson Dam which occupies most of the locality. In the 2011 census, Atkinsons Dam had a population of 193 people.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "The Bronx", "paragraph_text": "Multiracial Americans are also a sizable minority in the Bronx. People of multiracial heritage number over 41,800 individuals and represent 3.0% of the population. People of mixed Caucasian and African American heritage number over 6,850 members and form 0.5% of the population. People of mixed Caucasian and Native American heritage number over 2,450 members and form 0.2% of the population. People of mixed Caucasian and Asian heritage number over 880 members and form 0.1% of the population. People of mixed African American and Native American heritage number over 1,220 members and form 0.1% of the population.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Natural Dam, Arkansas", "paragraph_text": "Natural Dam is an unincorporated community in Crawford County, Arkansas, United States. Natural Dam is located on Arkansas Highway 59, north-northwest of Cedarville. Natural Dam has a post office with ZIP code 72948. Lee Creek Bridge, which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places, is located in the community.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Gallup, New Mexico", "paragraph_text": "Gallup (Navajo: Naʼnízhoozhí) is a city in McKinley County, New Mexico, United States, with a population of 21,678 as of the 2010 census. A substantial percentage of its population is Native American, with residents from the Navajo, Hopi, and Zuni tribes. Gallup is the county seat of McKinley County and the most populous city between Flagstaff and Albuquerque, along the historic U.S. Route 66.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Gibson Station, Virginia", "paragraph_text": "Gibson Station is an unincorporated community in Lee County, Virginia, United States. Gibson Station is located along U.S. Route 58 east of Cumberland Gap.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Gibson Dam", "paragraph_text": "Gibson Dam is a concrete arch dam on the Sun River, a tributary of the Missouri River, about west of Great Falls, Montana in the United States. Located on the eastern edge of the Rocky Mountains, the dam was built by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation (USBR) between 1926 and 1929 as part of the Sun River Project to develop about of irrigated land in the Sun River Valley.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Pickwick Dam, Tennessee", "paragraph_text": "Pickwick Dam (also known as Pickwick Village) is an unincorporated community in Hardin County, Tennessee, United States. Pickwick Dam is located on the Tennessee River south of the Pickwick Landing Dam. Pickwick Dam has a post office with ZIP code 38365.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Theewaterskloof Dam", "paragraph_text": "Theewaterskloof Dam is an earth-fill type dam located on the Sonderend River near Villiersdorp, Western Cape, South Africa. Administratively it is located within Theewaterskloof Local Municipality. It was established in 1978 and is the largest dam in the Western Cape Water Supply System with a capacity of 480 million cubic metres, about 41% of the water storage capacity available to Cape Town, which has a population of over 4 million people. The dam mainly serves for municipal and industrial use as well as for irrigation purposes. The hazard potential of the dam has been ranked high (3).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "New York City", "paragraph_text": "New York City is the most-populous city in the United States, with an estimated record high of 8,491,079 residents as of 2014, incorporating more immigration into the city than outmigration since the 2010 United States Census. More than twice as many people live in New York City as in the second-most populous U.S. city (Los Angeles), and within a smaller area. New York City gained more residents between April 2010 and July 2014 (316,000) than any other U.S. city. New York City's population amounts to about 40% of New York State's population and a similar percentage of the New York metropolitan area population.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Calamus, Wisconsin", "paragraph_text": "Calamus is a town in Dodge County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 1,005 at the 2000 census. The unincorporated community of South Beaver Dam is located in the town. The unincorporated community of Lost Lake is also located partially in the town.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Port Gibson, Mississippi", "paragraph_text": "Port Gibson is a city in Claiborne County, Mississippi, United States. The population was 1,567 at the 2010 census. Port Gibson is the county seat of Claiborne County, which is bordered on the west by the Mississippi River. It is the site of the Claiborne County Courthouse.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Rutherford, Tennessee", "paragraph_text": "Rutherford is a town in Gibson County, Tennessee, United States. At the 2000 census, its population was at 1,272 and in 2010 the population was 1,151.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Montana", "paragraph_text": "The United States Census Bureau estimates that the population of Montana was 1,032,949 on July 1, 2015, a 4.40% increase since the 2010 United States Census. The 2010 census put Montana's population at 989,415 which is an increase of 43,534 people, or 4.40 percent, since 2010. During the first decade of the new century, growth was mainly concentrated in Montana's seven largest counties, with the highest percentage growth in Gallatin County, which saw a 32 percent increase in its population from 2000-2010. The city seeing the largest percentage growth was Kalispell with 40.1 percent, and the city with the largest increase in actual residents was Billings with an increase in population of 14,323 from 2000-2010.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Thaba 'Nchu", "paragraph_text": "Thaba 'Nchu is a town in Free State, South Africa, located 60 km east of Bloemfontein and 17km east of Botshabelo. The population is largely made up of Tswana and Sotho people. The town was settled in the 1830s and officially established in 1873. The town grew larger following the 1913 Natives' Land Act that stated Thaba 'Nchu as a homeland for Tswana people. It was known among the Voortrekkers as Blesberg (blazed mountain, bald mountain).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Canyondam, California", "paragraph_text": "Canyondam (formerly, Canyon Dam) is a census-designated place (CDP) in Plumas County, California, United States. Canyondam is located near the dam that forms Lake Almanor, east-southeast of Almanor. The population was 31 as of the 2010 census, down from 37 as of the 2000 census.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Fontana Dam, North Carolina", "paragraph_text": "Fontana Dam (also known as Fontana Village) is a town in Graham County, North Carolina, United States. Fontana Dam is located on North Carolina Highway 28 near the Fontana Dam and the Little Tennessee River. The town incorporated in 2011 and has a full-time population of 33.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 131377, "question": "Which state is Gibson Dam located?", "answer": "Montana", "paragraph_support_idx": 9 }, { "id": 39589, "question": "What percentage of the population in #1 are Native peoples?", "answer": "6.5 percent", "paragraph_support_idx": 3 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Ward Just", "paragraph_text": "Ward S. Just (born September 5, 1935 in Michigan City, Indiana) is an American writer. He is the author of 17 novels and numerous short stories.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "San Diego", "paragraph_text": "Rainfall along the coast averages about 10 inches (250 mm) of precipitation annually. The average (mean) rainfall is 10.65 inches (271 mm) and the median is 9.6 inches (240 mm). Most of the rainfall occurs during the cooler months. The months of December through March supply most of the rain, with February the only month averaging 2 inches (51 mm) or more of rain. The months of May through September tend to be almost completely dry. Though there are few wet days per month during the rainy period, rainfall can be heavy when it does fall. Rainfall is usually greater in the higher elevations of San Diego; some of the higher elevation areas of San Diego can receive 11–15 inches (280–380 mm) of rain a year. Variability of rainfall can be extreme: in the wettest years of 1883/1884 and 1940/1941 more than 24 inches (610 mm) fell in the city, whilst in the driest years as little as 3.2 inches (80 mm) has fallen for a full year. The wettest month on record has been December 1921 with 9.21 inches (234 mm).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Tennessee", "paragraph_text": "Most of the state has a humid subtropical climate, with the exception of some of the higher elevations in the Appalachians, which are classified as having a mountain temperate climate or a humid continental climate due to cooler temperatures. The Gulf of Mexico is the dominant factor in the climate of Tennessee, with winds from the south being responsible for most of the state's annual precipitation. Generally, the state has hot summers and mild to cool winters with generous precipitation throughout the year, with highest average monthly precipitation generally in the winter and spring months, between December and April. The driest months, on average, are August to October. On average the state receives 50 inches (130 cm) of precipitation annually. Snowfall ranges from 5 inches (13 cm) in West Tennessee to over 16 inches (41 cm) in the higher mountains in East Tennessee.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 3, "title": "The Broken Star", "paragraph_text": "The Broken Star is a 1956 American Western film directed by Lesley Selander and written by John C. Higgins. The film stars Howard Duff, Lita Baron, Bill Williams, Douglas Fowley, Henry Calvin, Addison Richards, Joel Ashley and John Pickard. The film was released in April 1956, by United Artists.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Calvin John Ward", "paragraph_text": "Calvin John Ward was born on October 30, 1899 in Greene County, Tennessee and lived in Morristown, Tennessee. Ward entered active duty with the United States Army's 117th Regiment from the Tennessee National Guard during World War I. On October 8, 1918 during the Meuse-Argonne Offensive, Ward's company was stopped near Estrées, France by a German machine gun position. Ward and Sergeant James Ernest Karnes, deciding they had \"had all they could take\" of this situation, fixed bayonets, charged and captured the position. This freed their company to advance against German lines in the last major offensive of the war. Both men received the Medal of Honor for extraordinary heroism in this action.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Coolidge Homestead", "paragraph_text": "The Coolidge Homestead, also known as Calvin Coolidge Homestead District or President Calvin Coolidge State Historical Site, was the childhood home of the 30th President of the United States, Calvin Coolidge and the place where he took the presidential oath of office. Located in Plymouth Notch, Vermont, Coolidge lived there from age four in 1876 to 1887, when he departed for Black River Academy for education. He is buried in Plymouth Notch Cemetery not far from the home.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Oklahoma City", "paragraph_text": "With 19.48 inches of rainfall, May 2015 was by far Oklahoma City's record-wettest month since record keeping began in 1890. Across Oklahoma and Texas generally, there was record flooding in the latter part of the month", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Raleigh, North Carolina", "paragraph_text": "Like much of the southeastern United States, Raleigh has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa), with four distinct seasons. Winters are short and generally cool, with a January daily average of 41.0 °F (5.0 °C). On average, there are 69 nights per year that drop to or below freezing, and only 2.7 days that fail to rise above freezing. April is the driest month, with an average of 2.91 inches (73.9 mm) of precipitation. Precipitation is well distributed around the year, with a slight maximum between July and September; on average, July is the wettest month, owing to generally frequent, sometimes heavy, showers and thunderstorms. Summers are hot and humid, with a daily average in July of 80.0 °F (26.7 °C). There are 48 days per year with highs at or above 90 °F (32 °C). Autumn is similar to spring overall but has fewer days of rainfall. Extremes in temperature have ranged from −9 °F (−23 °C) on January 21, 1985 up to 105 °F (41 °C), most recently on July 8, 2012.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Climate of Islamabad", "paragraph_text": "The climate of Islamabad has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classifion, with five seasons: Winter (Nov − Feb), Spring (March − April), Summer (May − June), Rainy Monsoon (July − August) and Autumn (September − October). The hottest month is June, where average highs routinely exceed 38 ° C (100.4 ° F). The wettest month is July, with heavy rainfall and evening thunderstorms with the possibility of cloudburst. The coolest month is January, with temperatures variable by location. In Islamabad, temperatures vary from cold to mild, routinely dropping below zero. In the hills there is sparse snowfall. The weather ranges from a minimum of − 3.9 ° C (25.0 ° F) in January to a maximum of 46.1 ° C (115.0 ° F) in June. The average low is 2 ° C (35.6 ° F) in January, while the average high is 38.1 ° C (100.6 ° F) in June. The highest temperature recorded was 46.5 ° C (115.7 ° F) in June, while the lowest temperature was − 4 ° C (24.8 ° F) in January. On 23 July 2001, Islamabad received a record breaking 620 millimetres (24 in) of rain fell in just 10 hours. It was the heaviest rainfall in 24 hours in Islamabad and at any locality in Pakistan during the past 100 years. Following is the weather observed over Islamabad Airport, which is actually located in Rawalpindi.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Calvinism", "paragraph_text": "Calvinism (also called the Reformed tradition, Reformed Christianity, Reformed Protestantism, or the Reformed faith) is a major branch of Protestantism that follows the theological tradition and forms of Christian practice set down by John Calvin and other Reformation-era theologians.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Montes Cordillera", "paragraph_text": "Montes Cordillera is a mountain range on the Moon. This feature forms the outer wall of peaks that surround the Mare Orientale impact basin, the inner ring being formed by the Montes Rook. The center of the range is located at selenographic coordinates 17.5° S, 81.6° W, and the diameter is .", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Henry Ward Beecher Monument", "paragraph_text": "The Henry Ward Beecher Monument, a statue of Henry Ward Beecher created by the sculptor John Quincy Adams Ward, was unveiled on June 24, 1891 in Borough Hall Park, Brooklyn and was later relocated to Cadman Plaza, Brooklyn in 1959.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Lake Tshangalele", "paragraph_text": "Lake Tshangalele, also known as Lake Lufira or Mwadingusha Reservoir, is an artificial lake in the south-east of the Democratic Republic of Congo. It is located about 20 km east of the city of Likasi in the old province of Katanga. It lies at about 1,100 m above sea-level in a large depression surrounded by low mountains. It was created by a dam built on the Lufira River near Mwadingusha in 1926 to provide hydro-electric power. The area of open water is about 362.5 km. During the wettest months of February and March, the area flooded reaches a maximum of 440 km. The lake is shallow with a mean depth of only 2.6 m.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Giardino Botanico delle Alpi Orientali", "paragraph_text": "The Giardino Botanico delle Alpi Orientali (6.25 hectares), also known as the Giardino Botanico di Monte Faverghera, is an alpine botanical garden located in the Corpo Forestale dello Stato die Belluno on Monte Faverghera, southeast of Nevegal, Province of Belluno, Veneto, Italy. It is open daily except Mondays in the warmer months; an admission fee is charged.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Looping the Loop", "paragraph_text": "Looping the Loop (German: Die Todesschleife) is a 1928 German silent thriller film directed by Arthur Robison and starring Werner Krauss, Jenny Jugo and Warwick Ward. This film was a German import from the UFA company. As with UFA's \"Variety\", Paramount Pictures handled the US distribution.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Piz Mingèr", "paragraph_text": "Piz Mingèr (3,114 m) is a mountain in the Sesvenna Range of the Alps, located west of S-charl in the canton of Graubünden. It lies on the range north of Piz Foraz, between the Val Plavna and the Val S-charl.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "John Calvin Jeffries", "paragraph_text": "John Calvin Jeffries, Jr. (born ca. 1948) is a prominent law professor and was Dean of the University of Virginia School of Law from 2001 to 2008.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Millen Range", "paragraph_text": "The Millen Range () is a prominent northwest–southeast trending mountain range, located west of the Cartographers Range in the Victory Mountains of Antarctica. Peaks in the range include Inferno, O'Donnell, Omega, Le Couteur, Head, Cirque, Gless, Turret and Crosscut, and Mount Aorangi. It was named by the New Zealand Federated Mountain Clubs Antarctic Expedition (NZFMCAE) of 1962–63, for John M. Millen, leader of the expedition.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "John A. Denison", "paragraph_text": "John Avery Denison (August 17, 1875 – March 7, 1948) was an American politician and judge. He was Mayor of Springfield, Massachusetts and a judicial appointee of Calvin Coolidge.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Cleveland Law Range", "paragraph_text": "Cleveland Law Range is a historic office building located at Spartanburg, Spartanburg County, South Carolina. It was built in 1898-1899, and is a three-story, Richardsonian Romanesque style brick building. It features five arched bays on the ground floor, with repeated bay arrangements on the second and third floors. Three South Carolina governors maintained offices in the Cleveland Law Range: James F. Byrnes, John Gary Evans, and Donald S. Russell.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 145496, "question": "At what location did Calvin John Ward die?", "answer": "Tennessee", "paragraph_support_idx": 4 }, { "id": 31260, "question": "Which range of months is #1 's wettest?", "answer": "between December and April", "paragraph_support_idx": 2 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Britain's Got Talent (series 9)", "paragraph_text": "Jules O'Dwyer and her dog Matisse won the competition. Magician Jamie Raven came second with Welsh choir Côr Glanaethwy in third, and dance act Old Men Grooving finishing fourth place. The result marked the second time that a dog act had won the whole competition (following Ashleigh & Pudsey in 2012).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "The Incredible Burt Wonderstone", "paragraph_text": "The Incredible Burt Wonderstone is a 2013 American comedy film directed by Don Scardino and written by John Francis Daley and Jonathan Goldstein, based on a story by Chad Kultgen and Tyler Mitchell, and Daley and Goldstein. The film follows Las Vegas magician Burt Wonderstone (Steve Carell) as he attempts to reunite with his former partner Anton Marvelton (Steve Buscemi) to take on dangerous street magician Steve Gray (Jim Carrey). It also features Alan Arkin, Olivia Wilde, and James Gandolfini.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act", "paragraph_text": "The Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act (16 U.S.C. 668 - 668d) is a United States federal statute that protects two species of eagle. The bald eagle was chosen as a national emblem of the United States by the Continental Congress of 1782 and was given legal protection by the Bald Eagle Protection Act of 1940. This act was expanded to include the golden eagle in 1962. Since the original Act, the Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act has been amended several times. It currently prohibits anyone, without a permit issued by the Secretary of the Interior, from ``taking ''bald eagles. Taking is described to include their parts, nests, or eggs, molesting or disturbing the birds. The Act provides criminal penalties for persons who`` take, possess, sell, purchase, barter, offer to sell, purchase or barter, transport, export or import, at any time or any manner, any bald eagle... (or any golden eagle), alive or dead, or any part, nest, or egg thereof.''", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "America's Got Talent (season 11)", "paragraph_text": "Grace VanderWaal was announced as the winner on September 14, 2016, making her the second female act and the second child act to win the show since season 1. Mentalist duo, The Clairvoyants, placed second, marking the first time that females placed in the top two positions. Magician Jon Dorenbos, the NFL Long Snapper for the Philadelphia Eagles, placed third.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Alcohol laws of New York", "paragraph_text": "In response to the National Minimum Drinking Age Act in 1984, which reduced by up to 10% the federal highway funding of any state which did not have a minimum purchasing age of 21, the New York Legislature raised the drinking age from 19 to 21, effective December 1, 1985. (The drinking age had been 18 for many years before the first raise on December 4th, 1982, to 19.) Persons under 21 are prohibited from purchasing alcohol or possessing alcohol with the intent to consume, unless the alcohol was given to that person by their parent or legal guardian. There is no law prohibiting where people under 21 may possess or consume alcohol that was given to them by their parents. Persons under 21 are prohibited from having a blood alcohol level of 0.02% or higher while driving.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Legal drinking age", "paragraph_text": "The minimum age to purchase and consume varies, but the most common age is 18 years. However in North America the age limits varies between 18 and 21 years of age. Throughout the United States the minimum legal age to purchase any alcoholic beverage from a shop, supermarket, liquor store, bar, club or any other licensed premises is 21 years of age. In Canada each province can decide which minimum age limit is to be set to buy or consume alcohol. Most provinces have a minimum age of 19 years, while Alberta, Manitoba and Quebec have set a minimum age of 18 years. In South America all countries have set a minimum purchase age of 18 years, except for Guyana where minors aged 16 or 17 may consume a glass of beer, wine or cider in a restaurant provided they buy a meal, and Paraguay the only country with a minimum legal purchase and drinking age of 20 years.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Alcohol laws of Kansas", "paragraph_text": "In response to the National Minimum Drinking Age Act in 1984, which reduced by 10% the federal highway funding of any state which did not have a minimum drinking age of 21, the Kansas Legislature raised the drinking age from 18 to 21, effective January 1, 1985. Previously, the drinking age for CMB was 18. Persons under 21 are prohibited from purchasing or possessing any type of alcohol, from consuming alcohol for anything other than religious or prescribed medicinal purposes, or from having a blood alcohol level of more than. 02%. There is exception for parents wishing to provide their own child CMB under K.S.A. 41 - 727 (e).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Wood between the Worlds", "paragraph_text": "The Wood between the Worlds is a pond-filled forest in \"The Magician's Nephew\" (1955), the sixth book in \"The Chronicles of Narnia\" by C. S. Lewis. Each pond is a portal that provides instant transportation to a different world, such as Earth, Narnia or Charn.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Britain's Got Talent (series 11)", "paragraph_text": "The eleventh series was won by musician Tokio Myers, with magician Issy Simpson finishing in second place and comedian Daliso Chaponda in third place. During its broadcast, the series averaged around 9.1 million viewers.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "America's Got Talent (season 13)", "paragraph_text": "Shin Lim was named the winner on the season finale, September 19, 2018. This marks the second magician to win. Acrobatic group Zurcaroh and violinist Brian King Joseph came in second and third place respectively.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution", "paragraph_text": "The Eighteenth Amendment (Amendment XVIII) of the United States Constitution effectively established the prohibition of alcoholic beverages in the United States by declaring the production, transport, and sale of alcohol (though not the consumption or private possession) illegal. The separate Volstead Act set down methods for enforcing the Eighteenth Amendment, and defined which ``intoxicating liquors ''were prohibited, and which were excluded from prohibition (e.g., for medical and religious purposes). The Amendment was the first to set a time delay before it would take effect following ratification, and the first to set a time limit for its ratification by the states. The requisite number of states had ratified it by January 16, 1919, with the amendment taking effect on January 16, 1920.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Alcohol laws of Utah", "paragraph_text": "Utah laws restrict supermarkets operating within the State to only sell packaged beer up to 4.0% ABV (or 3.2% alcohol by weight); beer containing alcohol greater than this amount (as well as Liquor and wine) can only be sold at state - controlled liquor stores. Bars, clubs, taverns, and other establishments selling in - house or ``on premise ''alcohol (excluding restaurants) are allowed to sell alcohol from 10: 00am -- 1: 00am. Locations defined as a restaurant under Utah law require that food also be ordered with any alcohol that is to be ordered and consumed (though they do not have to be ordered at the same time), and can sell alcohol from 11: 30am - 1: 00am.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "The Magician's Nephew", "paragraph_text": "The frame story is set in England and features two children ensnared in experimental travel via ``the wood between the worlds ''. Thus, the novel shows Narnia and our middle - age world to be only two of many in a multiverse, which changes as some worlds begin and others end. It also explains the origin of foreign elements in Narnia, not only the lamp - post but also the White Witch and a human king and queen.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Alcohol laws of New York", "paragraph_text": "In response to the National Minimum Drinking Age Act in 1984, which reduced by up to 10% the federal highway funding of any state which did not have a minimum purchasing age of 21, the New York Legislature raised the drinking age from 19 to 21, effective December 1, 1985. (The drinking age had been 18 for many years before the first raise in 1984, to 19.) Persons under 21 are prohibited from purchasing alcohol or possessing alcohol with the intent to consume, unless the alcohol was given to that person by their parent or legal guardian. There is no law prohibiting where people under 21 may possess or consume alcohol that was given to them by their parents. Persons under 21 are prohibited from having a blood alcohol level of 0.02% or higher while driving.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Legal drinking age", "paragraph_text": "In 2009 France raised its minimum purchase age to 18 years, and fines were increased for selling or serving alcohol to a minor (up to 7,500 €). Previous to 2009 the minimum age to purchase any alcohol from off licensed premises was 16 years. In order to purchase alcohol on premises the minimum age was 16 years for low alcoholic beverages such as wine, beer, cider, perry, mead, crème de cassis and juices from fermented fruits or vegetables that contain 1.2 to 3 ° alcohol, natural sweet wines from controlled cultivation -- to purchase or be served stronger alcoholic drinks one had to be 18 years of age.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "America's Got Talent (season 11)", "paragraph_text": "Grace VanderWaal was announced as the winner on September 14, 2016, making her the second female act and the second child act to win the show since season 1. Mentalist duo, The Clairvoyants, placed second, marking the first time that females placed in the top two positions. Magician Jon Dorenbos, an NFL long snapper for the Philadelphia Eagles, placed third.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Alcohol laws of New Jersey", "paragraph_text": "New Jersey's drinking age was lowered to 18 in 1973 as part of a broader legal change which reduced New Jersey's age of majority from 21 to 18. Much of the impetus for lowering the drinking age to 18 was to grant returning Vietnam veterans the right to purchase alcohol. Possibly because of concerns about 18 - year - old high school students being able to legally purchase liquor, and then illegally consume it school, the state raised the drinking age to 19 in 1980. Citing statistics that indicated an increase in car deaths among drivers under 21, the drinking age was raised back to 21 in 1983. At the same time, the penalties for underage drinking were increased to include a mandatory driver's license suspension. In 1985, the state made it illegal for an adult to give alcohol to a person under 21, with exception for religious services and parents serving alcohol to their own children at home or in a private area.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Seventh-inning stretch", "paragraph_text": "In baseball in the United States and Canada, the seventh - inning stretch is a tradition that takes place between the halves of the seventh inning of a game -- in the middle of the seventh inning. Fans generally stand up and stretch out their arms and legs and sometimes walk around. It is a popular time to get a late - game snack or an alcoholic beverage as well, as vendors end alcohol sales after the last out of the seventh inning. The stretch also serves as a short break for the players. Most ballparks in professional baseball mark this point of the game by playing the crowd sing - along song ``Take Me Out to the Ball Game ''. Since the September 11 attacks, many American ballparks complement or replace the song with the playing of`` God Bless America.'' If a game goes into a fifth extra inning, a similar ``fourteenth - inning stretch ''is celebrated (as well as a possible`` twenty - first inning stretch'' or ``twenty - eighth inning stretch ''). In softball games, amateur games scheduled for only seven innings, or in minor - league doubleheaders, a`` fifth - inning stretch'' may be substituted.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Alcohol laws of New York", "paragraph_text": "In response to the National Minimum Drinking Age Act in 1984, which reduced by up to 10% the federal highway funding of any state which did not have a minimum purchasing age of 21, the New York Legislature raised the drinking age from 19 to 21, effective December 1, 1985. (The drinking age had been 18 for many years before the first raise in 1982, to 19.) Persons under 21 are prohibited from purchasing alcohol or possessing alcohol with the intent to consume, unless the alcohol was given to that person by their parent or legal guardian. There is no law prohibiting where people under 21 may possess or consume alcohol that was given to them by their parents. Persons under 21 are prohibited from having a blood alcohol level of 0.02% or higher while driving.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Alcohol licensing laws of the United Kingdom", "paragraph_text": "After the outbreak of World War I the Defence of the Realm Act was passed by Parliament in 1914. One section of the Act concerned the hours pubs could sell alcohol, as it was believed that alcohol consumption would interfere with the war effort. It restricted opening hours for licensed premises to luncheon (12: 00 to 14: 40) and supper (18: 30 to 21: 30). In the late 1980s the licensing laws in England and Wales became less restricted and allowed pubs to allow the consumption of alcohol on the premises from 11: 00 until 23: 00, although nightclubs were allowed to stay open much later. Significantly revised rules were introduced in November 2005, when hour limits were scrapped, and pubs were allowed to apply for licences as permissive as ``24 hours a day ''. In practice, most pubs chose to apply for more restrictive licences.", "is_supporting": true } ]

[ { "id": 67879, "question": "when does the magician's nephew take place", "answer": "England", "paragraph_support_idx": 12 }, { "id": 62050, "question": "what time can you purchase alcohol in #1", "answer": "24 hours a day", "paragraph_support_idx": 19 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Prime minister", "paragraph_text": "In non-Commonwealth countries the prime minister may be entitled to the style of Excellency like a president. In some Commonwealth countries prime ministers and former prime ministers are styled Right Honourable due to their position, for example in the Prime Minister of Canada. In the United Kingdom the prime minister and former prime ministers may appear to also be styled Right Honourable, however this is not due to their position as head of government but as a privilege of being current members of Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Prime Minister of the United Kingdom", "paragraph_text": "Prime Minister of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Royal Arms used by Her Majesty's Government Incumbent Theresa May since 13 July 2016 (2016 - 07 - 13) Government of the United Kingdom Office of the Prime Minister Style Prime Minister (informal) The Right Honourable (within the UK and the Commonwealth) His / Her Excellency (in international correspondence) Member of Cabinet Privy Council European Council British -- Irish Council Reports to Parliament Residence 10 Downing Street Chequers Seat Westminster Appointer Monarch of the United Kingdom Term length At Her Majesty's pleasure Inaugural holder Sir Robert Walpole as First Lord of the Treasury and de facto first Prime Minister. Formation 4 April 1721 Salary £151,451 annual, including £76,011 MP's salary Website Official website", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Estonia", "paragraph_text": "Estonia is a parliamentary representative democratic republic in which the Prime Minister of Estonia is the head of government and which includes a multi-party system. The political culture is stable in Estonia, where power is held between two and three parties that have been in politics for a long time. This situation is similar to other countries in Northern Europe. The former Prime Minister of Estonia, Andrus Ansip, is also Europe's longest-serving Prime Minister (from 2005 until 2014). The current Estonian Prime Minister is Taavi Rõivas, who is the former Minister of Social Affairs and the head of the Estonian Reform Party.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Poland", "paragraph_text": "In 2011, the ruling Civic Platform won parliamentary elections. Poland joined the European Space Agency in 2012, as well as organised the UEFA Euro 2012 (along with Ukraine). In 2013, Poland also became a member of the Development Assistance Committee. In 2014, the Prime Minister of Poland, Donald Tusk, was chosen to be President of the European Council, and resigned as prime minister. The 2015 elections were won by the opposition Law and Justice Party (PiS).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "JAXA", "paragraph_text": "On 1 October 2003, three organizations were merged to form the new JAXA: Japan's Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), the National Aerospace Laboratory of Japan (NAL), and National Space Development Agency of Japan (NASDA). JAXA was formed as an Independent Administrative Institution administered by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) and the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC).Before the merger, ISAS was responsible for space and planetary research, while NAL was focused on aviation research. NASDA, which was founded on 1 October 1969, had developed rockets, satellites, and also built the Japanese Experiment Module. The old NASDA headquarters were located at the current site of the Tanegashima Space Center, on Tanegashima Island, 115 kilometers south of Kyūshū. NASDA also trained Japanese astronauts, who flew with the US Space Shuttles.The Basic Space Law was passed in 2008, and the jurisdictional authority of JAXA moved from MEXT to the Strategic Headquarters for Space Development (SHSD) in the Cabinet, led by the Prime Minister. In 2016, the National Space Policy Secretariat (NSPS) was set up the Cabinet.In 2012, new legislation extended JAXA's remit from peaceful purposes only to include some military space development, such as missile early warning systems. Political control of JAXA passed from MEXT to the Prime Minister's Cabinet Office through a new Space Strategy Office.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Chris Watson", "paragraph_text": "John Christian Watson (born John Christian Tanck; 9 April 186718 November 1941), commonly known as Chris Watson, was an Australian politician who served as the third Prime Minister of Australia. He was the first Prime Minister from the Australian Labour Party, and led the world's first Labour Party government, indeed the world's first socialist or social democratic government, at a national level. From paternal German and maternal British ancestry, he is the only Australian Prime Minister not born in a Commonwealth country.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Prime minister", "paragraph_text": "In the Russian constitution the prime minister is actually titled Chairman of the government while the Irish prime minister is called the Taoiseach (which is rendered into English as prime minister), and in Israel he is Rosh HaMemshalah meaning \"head of the government\". In many cases, though commonly used, \"prime minister\" is not the official title of the office-holder; the Spanish prime minister is the President of the Government (Presidente del Gobierno).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Prime Minister of Israel", "paragraph_text": "The Prime Minister of Israel (Hebrew: רֹאשׁ הַמֶּמְשָׁלָה ‬, Rosh HaMemshala, lit. Head of the Government, Hebrew acronym: רה ״ מ ‬; Arabic: رئيس الحكومة ‎, Ra'īs al - Ḥukūma) is the head of government of Israel and the most powerful figure in Israeli politics. Although the President of Israel is the country's head of state, the President's powers are largely ceremonial; the Prime Minister holds most of the real power. The official residence of the Prime Minister, Beit Aghion is in Jerusalem. The current Prime Minister is Benjamin Netanyahu of Likud, the ninth person to hold the position (excluding caretakers).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Marisol Touraine", "paragraph_text": "Marisol Touraine (; born 7 March 1959) is a French politician. She serves as Minister of Social Affairs and Health under Prime Minister Jean-Marc Ayrault, Prime Minister Manuel Valls, and under Prime Minister Bernard Cazeneuve.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Prime minister", "paragraph_text": "In the UK, where devolved government is in place, the leaders of the Scottish, Northern Irish and Welsh Governments are styled First Minister. In India, The Prime Minister is referred to as \"Pradhan Mantri\", meaning \"prime minister\". In Pakistan, the prime minister is referred to as \"Wazir-e-Azam\", meaning \"Grand Vizier\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "National Development Council (India)", "paragraph_text": "The National Development Council (NDC) or Rashtriya Vikas Parishad is the apex body for decision creating and deliberations on development matters in India, presided over by the Prime Minister. It was set up on 6 August 1952 to strengthen and mobilize the effort and resources of the nation in support of the Plan, to promote common economic policies in all vital spheres, and to ensure the balanced and rapid development of all parts of the country. The Council comprises the Prime Minister, the Union Cabinet Ministers, Chief Ministers of all States or their substitutes, representatives of the Union Territories and the members of the NITI Aayog.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Estonia", "paragraph_text": "The Government of Estonia (Estonian: Vabariigi Valitsus) or the executive branch is formed by the Prime Minister of Estonia, nominated by the president and approved by the parliament. The government exercises executive power pursuant to the Constitution of Estonia and the laws of the Republic of Estonia and consists of twelve ministers, including the Prime Minister. The Prime Minister also has the right to appoint other ministers and assign them a subject to deal with. These are ministers without portfolio — they don't have a ministry to control.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Spaced", "paragraph_text": "\"Spaced\" Series 1 and 2 were both released on DVD in the United Kingdom. These were followed by a boxed set which collects the previously released single-series DVDs, adding a bonus disc with a feature-length documentary, \"Skip to the End\", behind the scenes of the show, as well as a music video by Osymyso.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Solomon Islands", "paragraph_text": "On 13 December 2007, Prime Minister Manasseh Sogavare was toppled by a vote of no confidence in Parliament, following the defection of five ministers to the opposition. It was the first time a prime minister had lost office in this way in Solomon Islands. On 20 December, Parliament elected the opposition's candidate (and former Minister for Education) Derek Sikua as Prime Minister, in a vote of 32 to 15.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Prime minister", "paragraph_text": "The Prime Minister's executive office is usually called the Office of the Prime Minister in the case of the Canada and other Commonwealth countries, it is called Cabinet Office in United Kingdom. Some Prime Minister's office do include the role of Cabinet. In other countries, it is called the Prime Minister's Department or the Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet as for Australia.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Eugen Bejinariu", "paragraph_text": "Bejinariu was appointed as interim prime minister at the request of resigning prime minister, Adrian Năstase, and confirmed by the new president Traian Băsescu to hold the office until a new prime minister was named. Bejinariu was the minister of government coordination in Năstase's cabinet, joining the government after a long stint as chairman of Romania's State Protocol Department (RAPPS). He was replaced as prime minister on December 28, 2004 by Călin Popescu-Tăriceanu.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Estonia", "paragraph_text": "The Prime Minister has the right to appoint a maximum of three such ministers, as the limit of ministers in one government is fifteen. It is also known as the cabinet. The cabinet carries out the country's domestic and foreign policy, shaped by parliament; it directs and co-ordinates the work of government institutions and bears full responsibility for everything occurring within the authority of executive power. The government, headed by the Prime Minister, thus represents the political leadership of the country and makes decisions in the name of the whole executive power.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Estanislau da Silva", "paragraph_text": "After Timor Leste achieved independence in 2002, Da Silva was appointed as the country's first Minister for Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries. On 10 July 2006, he was sworn in as the First Deputy Prime Minister of Timor Leste. He was sworn in as the acting Prime Minister on 19 May 2007 to replace José Ramos-Horta who had been elected President of the young nation. He left office when Xanana Gusmão was sworn in as Prime Minister on 8 August 2007, following the June 2007 parliamentary election.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "List of prime ministers of Elizabeth II", "paragraph_text": "The Queen has had over 160 individuals serve as her realms' prime ministers throughout her reign, the first new appointment being Dudley Senanayake as Prime Minister of Ceylon and the most recent being Scott Morrison as Prime Minister of Australia. Several of the Queen's prime ministers from various realms have been appointed for life to the Privy Council of the United Kingdom.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Ivars Godmanis", "paragraph_text": "Ivars Godmanis (born 27 November 1951) is a Latvian politician who was Prime Minister of Latvia from 1990 to 1993 and again from 2007 to 2009. He was the first Prime Minister of Latvia after the country restored its independence from the Soviet Union.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 106382, "question": "Which was the country for Spaced?", "answer": "United Kingdom", "paragraph_support_idx": 12 }, { "id": 80004, "question": "in #1 who picks the prime minister", "answer": "Monarch of the United Kingdom", "paragraph_support_idx": 1 } ]

[ "United Kingdom", "UK", "United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Federal lands", "paragraph_text": "The federal government owns about 640 million acres of land in the United States, about 28% of the total land area of 2.27 billion acres. The majority of federal lands (610.1 million acres in 2015) are administered by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM), U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS), National Park Service (NPS), or U.S. Forest Service (FS). BLM, FWS, and NPS are part of the U.S. Department of the Interior, while the Forest Service is part of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. An additional 11.4 million acres of land (about 2% of all federal land) is owned by the U.S. Department of Defense (DOD). The majority of federal lands are located in Alaska and the Western states.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "The Vintage Vehicle Show", "paragraph_text": "Each episode focuses on an automotive museum, a car show, or a private collection somewhere in the United States although most episodes are located in the western United States. The program began on one station in Seattle in 1993 and is currently syndicated throughout the U.S. on 101 stations and in 27 foreign markets. As of 6/26/14 over 450 new episodes have been produced.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Philadelphia", "paragraph_text": "Philadelphia's major science museums include the Franklin Institute, which contains the Benjamin Franklin National Memorial; the Academy of Natural Sciences; the Mütter Museum; and the University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology. History museums include the National Constitution Center, the Atwater Kent Museum of Philadelphia History, the National Museum of American Jewish History, the African American Museum in Philadelphia, the Historical Society of Pennsylvania, the Grand Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons in the state of Pennsylvania and The Masonic Library and Museum of Pennsylvania and Eastern State Penitentiary. Philadelphia is home to the United States' first zoo and hospital, as well as Fairmount Park, one of America's oldest and largest urban parks.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Joe Wheeler State Park", "paragraph_text": "Joe Wheeler State Park is a state-owned, public recreation area with resort features located on Wheeler Lake, an impoundment of the Tennessee River in northwest Alabama. The state park contains of land in three separate parcels and adjoins the Tennessee Valley Authority's Wheeler Dam.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Landes, West Virginia", "paragraph_text": "Landes is an unincorporated community in Grant County, West Virginia, United States. Landes is located on U.S. Route 220 south-southwest of Petersburg.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Gebhart Tavern", "paragraph_text": "Gebhart Tavern, also known as the Daniel Gebhart Tavern Museum, is a small museum located in Miamisburg, Ohio, United States. It is a popular attraction in Miamisburg and is currently being run by the Miamisburg Historical Society.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "List of states and territories of the United States by population", "paragraph_text": "As of April 1, 2010, the date of the 2010 United States Census, the nine most populous U.S. states contain slightly more than half of the total population. The 25 least populous states contain less than one - sixth of the total population. California, the most populous state, contains more people than the 21 least populous states combined.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "List of states and territories of the United States by population", "paragraph_text": "As of April 1, 2010, the date of the 2010 United States Census, the nine most populous U.S. states contain slightly more than half of the total population. The 25 least populous states contain less than one - sixth of the total population. California, the most populous state, contains more people than the 21 least populous states combined, and Wyoming is the least populous state, with a population less than the 31 most populous U.S. cities.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "National Border Patrol Museum", "paragraph_text": "The National Border Patrol Museum is located at 4315 Woodrow Bean Transmountain Drive, in the county of El Paso, in the U.S. state of Texas.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Louisiana Purchase", "paragraph_text": "The Kingdom of France controlled the Louisiana territory from 1699 until it was ceded to Spain in 1762. In 1800, French Emperor Napoleon, hoping to re-establish an empire in North America, regained ownership of Louisiana. However, France's failure to put down the revolt in Saint - Domingue, coupled with the prospect of renewed warfare with the United Kingdom, prompted Napoleon to sell Louisiana to the United States. The Americans originally sought to purchase only the port city of New Orleans and its adjacent coastal lands, but quickly accepted the bargain. The Louisiana Purchase occurred during the term of the third President of the United States, Thomas Jefferson. Before the purchase was finalized, the decision faced Federalist Party opposition; they argued that it was unconstitutional to acquire any territory. Jefferson agreed that the U.S. Constitution did not contain explicit provisions for acquiring territory, but he asserted that his constitutional power to negotiate treaties was sufficient.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Neon Museum", "paragraph_text": "The Neon Museum in Las Vegas, Nevada, United States, features signs from old casinos and other businesses displayed outdoors on 2.62 acres. The museum features a restored lobby shell from the defunct La Concha Motel as its visitor center, which officially opened on October 27, 2012.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Tixméhuac Municipality", "paragraph_text": "Tixméhuac Municipality (Yucatec Maya: \"Place of Xmeuac tribe\") is one of the 106 municipalities in the Mexican state of Yucatán containing (251.65 km) of land and is located roughly southeast of the city of Mérida.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Windham Textile and History Museum", "paragraph_text": "The Windham Textile and History Museum is a museum in Willimantic, Connecticut, in the New England region of the United States. It is currently located in Main St.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Idaho Museum of Natural History", "paragraph_text": "The Idaho Museum of Natural History (IMNH) is the official state natural history museum of Idaho, located on the campus of Idaho State University (ISU) in Pocatello. Founded in 1934, it has collections in anthropology, vertebrate paleontology, earth science, and the life sciences. Additionally, it contains an archive of documents and ethnographic photographs.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Kostroma region Museum of Nature", "paragraph_text": "The Kostroma region Museum of Nature is a natural history museum located in Kostroma, Russia. The museum was founded in 1958 as a department of the Kostroma State Historical and Architectural Museum.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Newell House Museum", "paragraph_text": "The Newell House Museum, also known as the Robert Newell House, is located in Champoeg, Oregon, United States. Built by Oregon politician Robert Newell in 1852, the house was acquired in 1952 by the Oregon State Society, Daughters of the American Revolution. The house was reconstructed and opened as a museum in 1959.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "The Palazzo", "paragraph_text": "The Tam O'Shanter motel was built and opened in 1959, on 1.5 acres (0.61 ha) of the land. The motel was owned by Bernie Zeldin, and was named after Illinois' Tam O'Shanter Golf Course, where Zeldin frequently played. The motel had 100 rooms, and featured a distinctive neon sign resembling a tam o 'shanter cap. The sign was later donated to the city's Neon Museum. The Spanish Trail Motel went out of business around 1960. In 1962, it reopened as the Imperial 400 Motel.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Nevada", "paragraph_text": "State of Nevada Flag Seal Nickname (s): Silver State (official); Sagebrush State; Battle Born State Motto (s): All for Our Country Official language De jure: None De facto: English Demonym Nevadan Capital Carson City Largest city Las Vegas Largest metro Las Vegas -- Paradise, NV MSA (Clark County) Area Ranked 7th Total 110,577 sq mi (286,382 km) Width 322 miles (519 km) Length 492 miles (787 km)% water 0.72 Latitude 35 ° N to 42 ° N Longitude 114 ° 2 ′ W to 120 ° W Population Ranked 34th Total 2,940,058 (2016 est.) Density 26.8 / sq mi (10.3 / km) Ranked 42nd Median household income $52,008 (34th) Elevation Highest point Boundary Peak 13,147 ft (4007.1 m) Mean 5,500 ft (1680 m) Lowest point Colorado River at California border 481 ft (147 m) Before statehood Nevada Territory, Utah Territory, New Mexico Territory Admission to Union October 31, 1864 (36th) Governor Brian Sandoval (R) Lieutenant Governor Mark Hutchison (R) Legislature Nevada Legislature Upper house Senate Lower house Assembly U.S. Senators Dean Heller (R) Catherine Cortez Masto (D) U.S. House delegation 1: Dina Titus (D) 2: Mark Amodei (R) 3: Jacky Rosen (D) 4: Ruben Kihuen (D) (list) Time zones state Pacific: UTC − 8 / − 7 West Wendover Mountain: UTC − 7 / − 6 ISO 3166 US - NV Abbreviations NV, Nev. Website www.nv.gov", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Heritage Village Museum", "paragraph_text": "Heritage Village Museum is a recreated 1800s community in Southwestern Ohio, in the United States. The village contains 13 historic buildings from around the Cincinnati area; they were moved here to save them from destruction. The village is located within Sharon Woods Park in Sharonville, Ohio.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Red River Valley Museum", "paragraph_text": "The Red River Valley Museum is located at 4600 College Drive, in the city of Vernon, county of Wilbarger, in the U.S. state of Texas.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 129451, "question": "In which state is Neon Museum located?", "answer": "Nevada", "paragraph_support_idx": 10 }, { "id": 61167, "question": "land contained in the current state of #1 was acquired by the u.s. in", "answer": "October 31, 1864", "paragraph_support_idx": 17 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Phil Lesh and Friends", "paragraph_text": "Phil Lesh and Friends is an American rock band formed and led by Phil Lesh, former bassist of the Grateful Dead.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Fear the Walking Dead (season 3)", "paragraph_text": "Fear the Walking Dead (season 3) Promotional poster Starring Kim Dickens Cliff Curtis Frank Dillane Alycia Debnam - Carey Colman Domingo Mercedes Mason Danay García Daniel Sharman Sam Underwood Dayton Callie Rubén Blades Lisandra Tena Country of origin United States No. of episodes 16 Release Original network AMC Original release June 4 (2017 - 06 - 04) -- October 15, 2017 (2017 - 10 - 15) Season chronology ← Previous Season 2 List of Fear the Walking Dead episodes", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "President of Mexico", "paragraph_text": "The President of the United Mexican States (Spanish: Presidente de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos), commonly shortened to President of Mexico, is the head of state and government of Mexico. Under the Constitution, the president is also the Supreme Commander of the Mexican armed forces. The current President is Enrique Peña Nieto, who took office on December 1, 2012.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 3, "title": "James the Brother of Jesus (book)", "paragraph_text": "James the Brother of Jesus: The Key to Unlocking the Secrets of early Christianity and the Dead Sea Scrolls is a 1997 book by American archaeologist and Biblical scholar Robert Eisenman. He is most famous for his controversial work on the Dead Sea Scrolls and the origins of Christianity.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Kaveri River water dispute", "paragraph_text": "Central Water Commission chairman, S. Masood Hussain will head the CWMA and chief engineer of the Central Water Commission, Navin Kumar will be the first chairman of the CWRC. While the CWMA is an umbrella body, the CWRC will monitor water management on a day - to - day basis, including the water level and inflow and outflow of reservoirs in all the basin states.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "God's Not Dead (film)", "paragraph_text": "Pure Flix Entertainment produced a sequel, God's Not Dead 2, with a release date of April 1, 2016, several days after Easter. A third God's Not Dead film, God's Not Dead: A Light in Darkness, came out on March 30, 2018.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Dead Marshes", "paragraph_text": "On their way to Mordor to destroy the One Ring, Frodo Baggins and Samwise Gamgee are led through the marshes by Gollum. They see the aforementioned dead, Gollum stating, ``Only shapes to see, perhaps, not to touch. ''Frodo is mesmerized by the candle - like lights that appear to float over the Marshes (called by Gollum`` candles of corpses''); those who are hypnotised by these lights, and who therefore try to touch the bodies, are likely to drown in the waters and join the dead. In the book, Gollum reveals the dangers to Sam, who calls to the stiff and lifeless Frodo and breaks his trance before he can touch the waters.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "The Walking Dead (season 8)", "paragraph_text": "The Walking Dead (season 8) Promotional poster Starring Andrew Lincoln Norman Reedus Lauren Cohan Chandler Riggs Danai Gurira Melissa McBride Lennie James Alanna Masterson Josh McDermitt Christian Serratos Seth Gilliam Ross Marquand Jeffrey Dean Morgan Austin Amelio Tom Payne Xander Berkeley Khary Payton Steven Ogg Katelyn Nacon Pollyanna McIntosh Country of origin United States No. of episodes 16 Release Original network AMC Original release October 22, 2017 (2017 - 10 - 22) -- April 15, 2018 (2018 - 04 - 15) Season chronology ← Previous Season 7 Next → Season 9 List of The Walking Dead episodes", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Day of the Dead", "paragraph_text": "The Day of the Dead (Spanish: Día de Muertos) is a Mexican holiday celebrated throughout Mexico, in particular the Central and South regions, and by people of Mexican ancestry living in other places, especially the United States. It is acknowledged internationally in many other cultures. The multi-day holiday focuses on gatherings of family and friends to pray for and remember friends and family members who have died, and help support their spiritual journey. In 2008, the tradition was inscribed in the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity by UNESCO.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 9, "title": "List of chief ministers of Punjab (India)", "paragraph_text": "Since 1947, Punjab has had fifteen chief ministers. The first was Gopi Chand Bhargava of the Indian National Congress party, who was sworn - in on 15 August 1947, when India gained independence from the British. He was succeeded by fellow Congressman Bhim Sen Sachar, who was then subsequently replaced after 188 days by former Chief Minister Gopi Chand Bhargava. After a brief term, President Rajendra Prasad placed the Punjab Legislative Assembly under suspension for ninth months to help the state government gets its act together. In 1952, the first state elections took place for the Legislative Assembly. The results of the election saw the return of the Congress government with former Chief Minister Bhim Sen Sachar as its leader. After he resigned in 1956, Partap Singh Kairon became chief minister. Serving until 1964, Khairon remain's one of Punjab's longest - serving chief ministers. He was followed by the returning Chief Minister Gopi Chand Bhargava, who briefly held office as acting chief minister for only 15 days. In July 1964, Ram Kishan assumed the office and served for two years. His tenure was followed by the President's rule which lasted for 119 days. During this time, the state of Haryana was separated from Punjab.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Kansas Supreme Court", "paragraph_text": "The Kansas Supreme Court is the highest judicial authority in the state of Kansas. Composed of seven justices, led by Chief Justice Lawton Nuss, the court supervises the legal profession, administers the judicial branch, and serves as the state court of last resort in the appeals process.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Little Tough Guys in Society", "paragraph_text": "Little Tough Guys in Society is a 1938 Universal Studios film that starred several of the \"Dead End Kids\". It was the second film that Universal made in their series and the first of three that they made without any of the original \"Dead End Kids\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Canadian Armed Forces", "paragraph_text": "The Commander-in-Chief of the Canadian Armed Forces is the reigning Canadian monarch, Queen Elizabeth II, who is represented by the Governor General of Canada. The Canadian Armed Forces is led by the Chief of the Defence Staff, who is advised and assisted by the Armed Forces Council.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Dead Dudes in the House", "paragraph_text": "Dead Dudes in the House, originally titled The Dead Come Home and sometimes released as The House on Tombstone Hill, is a 1991 independent horror film written and directed by James Riffel and distributed by Troma Entertainment.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Night of the Living Homeless", "paragraph_text": "\"Night of the Living Homeless\" is episode 1107 (#160) of Comedy Central's \"South Park\". It was first broadcast on April 18, 2007. This episode marks the end of the first half of Season 11, which continued on October 3, 2007. The episode is rated TV-MA. It parodies various zombie movies, in particular George A. Romero's \"Night of the Living Dead\", \"Dawn of the Dead\" (including its remake), \"Day of the Dead\" and \"Land of the Dead\", plus \"Return of the Living Dead\" (the homeless repeatedly utter \"change\" instead of \"brains\"). The episode is also a satire and commentary on how homeless people are often seen as \"degenerates to society\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Chief Clerk (United States Department of State)", "paragraph_text": "The Chief Clerk, between 1789 and 1853, was the second-ranking official within the United States Department of State, known as the Department of Foreign Affairs before September 5, 1789. Section 2 of the Act of Congress of July 27, 1789 (1 Stat. 28) establishing a Department of Foreign Affairs, authorized the Secretary to appoint a Chief Clerk, who would have custody of the Department's records whenever the office of the Secretary should be vacant. From 1789 to 1853, when Congress created the position of Assistant Secretary of State, the Chief Clerk was the second-ranking officer of the Department of State, and was responsible for supervision of Department personnel, distribution of correspondence, and day-to-day operations.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Dead Celebrities", "paragraph_text": "\"Dead Celebrities\" is the eighth episode of the thirteenth season of the American animated television series \"South Park\". The 189th overall episode of the series, it originally aired on Comedy Central in the United States on October 7, 2009. In the episode, Ike is haunted by the ghosts of dead celebrities until Michael Jackson, who refuses to accept death, possesses him.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Day of the Dead", "paragraph_text": "The Day of the Dead celebrations in Mexico developed from ancient traditions among its pre-Columbian cultures. Rituals celebrating the deaths of ancestors had been observed by these civilizations perhaps for as long as 2,500 -- 3,000 years. The festival that developed into the modern Day of the Dead fell in the ninth month of the Aztec calendar, about the beginning of August, and was celebrated for an entire month. The festivities were dedicated to the goddess known as the ``Lady of the Dead '', corresponding to the modern La Calavera Catrina.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "The Walking Dead (season 8)", "paragraph_text": "The Walking Dead (season 8) Promotional poster Starring Andrew Lincoln Norman Reedus Lauren Cohan Chandler Riggs Danai Gurira Melissa McBride Lennie James Alanna Masterson Josh McDermitt Christian Serratos Seth Gilliam Ross Marquand Jeffrey Dean Morgan Austin Amelio Tom Payne Xander Berkeley Khary Payton Steven Ogg Katelyn Nacon Pollyanna McIntosh Country of origin United States No. of episodes 16 Release Original network AMC Original release October 22, 2017 (2017 - 10 - 22) -- April 15, 2018 (2018 - 04 - 15) Season chronology ← Previous Season 7 List of The Walking Dead episodes", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "The Original Leap Year", "paragraph_text": "The Original Leap Year is the second album by Emm Gryner, released in 1997 on Gryner's independent Dead Daisy Records.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 61425, "question": "where was the day of the dead originated", "answer": "Mexico", "paragraph_support_idx": 8 }, { "id": 54854, "question": "#1 is led by a chief of state who is", "answer": "Enrique Peña Nieto", "paragraph_support_idx": 2 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "List of Areas of Special Scientific Interest in Northern Ireland", "paragraph_text": "This is a list of the Areas of Special Scientific Interest (ASSIs) in Northern Ireland, United Kingdom. In Northern Ireland the body responsible for designating ASSIs is the Northern Ireland Environment Agency - a division of the Department of Environment (DoE).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "John Dermot Campbell", "paragraph_text": "John Dermot Campbell DL (20 January 1898 – 23 January 1945) was a Northern Irish businessman and Ulster Unionist Member of Parliament in both United Kingdom and Northern Ireland Parliaments. He was killed during the Second World War in a plane crash.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Seán Neeson", "paragraph_text": "Seán Neeson (born 9 February 1946) is a politician in Northern Ireland who served as leader of the Alliance Party of Northern Ireland between 1998 and 2001.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Tornadoes in the United States", "paragraph_text": "Most tornadoes in the United States occur east of the Rocky Mountains. The Great Plains, the Midwest, the Mississippi Valley and the southern United States are all areas that are vulnerable to tornadoes. They are relatively rare west of the Rockies and are also less frequent in the northeastern states. Tornado Alley is a colloquial term for an area particularly prone to tornadoes. There is no officially defined 'Tornado Alley' -- at its broadest this area stretches from North Texas to Canada with its core centered on Oklahoma, Kansas and northern Texas. Another highly significant region -- colloquially known as Dixie Alley -- is the southern United States and particularly the northern and central parts of Alabama and Mississippi. Florida is one of the most tornado prone states. However, Florida tornadoes only rarely approach the strength of those that occur elsewhere.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Billy Rice", "paragraph_text": "Billy Rice (born 12 September 1938 in Belfast, Northern Ireland, died 26 June 2008) was a football player who played for Australia in their 1966 FIFA World Cup qualification campaign.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Tornado climatology", "paragraph_text": "Tornadoes have been recorded on all continents except Antarctica and are most common in the middle latitudes where conditions are often favorable for convective storm development. The United States has the most tornadoes of any country, as well as the strongest and most violent tornadoes. A large portion of these tornadoes form in an area of the central United States popularly known as Tornado Alley. Other areas of the world that have frequent tornadoes include significant portions of Europe, South Africa, Philippines, Bangladesh, parts of Argentina, Uruguay, and southern and southeast Brazil, northern Mexico, New Zealand, and far eastern Asia.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Northern Ireland", "paragraph_text": "Northern Ireland was created in 1921, when Ireland was partitioned between Northern Ireland and Southern Ireland by the Government of Ireland Act 1920. Unlike Southern Ireland, which would become the Irish Free State in 1922, the majority of Northern Ireland's population were unionists, who wanted to remain within the United Kingdom. Most of these were the Protestant descendants of colonists from Great Britain. However, a significant minority, mostly Catholics, were nationalists who wanted a united Ireland independent of British rule. Today, the former generally see themselves as British and the latter generally see themselves as Irish, while a distinct Northern Irish or Ulster identity is claimed both by a large minority of Catholics and Protestants and by many of those who are non-aligned.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Killea, County Donegal", "paragraph_text": "The settlement sits on the border of County Donegal in the Republic of Ireland and County Londonderry in Northern Ireland.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Tornado climatology", "paragraph_text": "The United States averaged 1,274 tornadoes per year in the last decade while Canada reports nearly 100 annually (largely in the southern regions). However, the UK has most tornadoes per area per year, 0.14 per 1000 km2, although these tornadoes are generally weak, and many other European countries have a similar number of tornadoes per area.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Daybreak Northern Ireland", "paragraph_text": "Daybreak Northern Ireland (previously \"GMTV Northern Ireland\") was the regional news strand for Northern Ireland provided for the ITV breakfast station ITV Breakfast.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Late-May 1998 tornado outbreak and derecho", "paragraph_text": "The Late-May 1998 tornado outbreak and derecho was a historic tornado outbreak and derecho that began on the afternoon of May 30 and extended throughout May 31, 1998, across a large portion of the northern half of the United States and southern Ontario from southeastern Montana east and southeastward to the Atlantic Ocean. The initial tornado outbreak, including the devastating Spencer tornado, hit southeast South Dakota on the evening of May 30. The Spencer tornado was the most destructive and the second-deadliest tornado in South Dakota history. Eleven people were killed; 7 by tornadoes and 6 by the derecho. Over two million people lost electrical power, some for up to 10 days.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "British Isles", "paragraph_text": "Ireland, the United Kingdom and the three Crown Dependencies are all parliamentary democracies, with their own separate parliaments. All parts of the United Kingdom return members to parliament in London. In addition to this, voters in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland return members to a parliament in Edinburgh and to assemblies in Cardiff and Belfast respectively. Governance in the norm is by majority rule, however, Northern Ireland uses a system of power sharing whereby unionists and nationalists share executive posts proportionately and where the assent of both groups are required for the Northern Ireland Assembly to make certain decisions. (In the context of Northern Ireland, unionists are those who want Northern Ireland to remain a part of the United Kingdom and nationalists are those who want Northern Ireland join with the rest of Ireland.) The British monarch is the head of state for all parts of the isles except for the Republic of Ireland, where the head of state is the President of Ireland.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Woundlicker", "paragraph_text": "Woundlicker is a novel by the journalist Jason Johnson, which is set in Belfast, Northern Ireland. The story takes place during the slow-moving Northern Ireland peace process talks of 2004 and is written as the verbatim transcription of a covert British government recording. Johnson said his debut novel, published in 2005, was \"a story without heroes set in a city where there are far too many.\"", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Parliament of Northern Ireland", "paragraph_text": "The Parliament of Northern Ireland was the Home Rule legislature of Northern Ireland, created under the Government of Ireland Act 1920, which sat from 7 June 1921 to 30 March 1972, when it was suspended with the introduction of Direct Rule. It was abolished under the Northern Ireland Constitution Act 1973.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Newcastle, County Down", "paragraph_text": "Newcastle Scots: Newkessel / Newcaissle Irish: An Caisleán Nua View from main street in Newcastle towards Slieve Donard, the highest peak of the Mourne Mountains. Newcastle Newcastle shown within County Down Population 7,444 Belfast 32.5 miles (52.3 km) District Newry, Mourne and Down County County Down Country Northern Ireland Sovereign state United Kingdom Post town NEWCASTLE Postcode district BT33 Dialling code 028 Police Northern Ireland Fire Northern Ireland Ambulance Northern Ireland EU Parliament Northern Ireland UK Parliament South Down NI Assembly South Down List of places UK Northern Ireland Down 54 ° 12 ′ 54 ''N 5 ° 53 ′ 24'' W  /  54.215 ° N 5.890 ° W  / 54.215; - 5.890 Coordinates: 54 ° 12 ′ 54 ''N 5 ° 53 ′ 24'' W  /  54.215 ° N 5.890 ° W  / 54.215; - 5.890", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Ralph Bryans", "paragraph_text": "Ralph Bryans (7 March 1941 – 6 August 2014) was a Grand Prix motorcycle road racer from Northern Ireland. Bryans was Ireland’s only Grand Prix world champion, winning the 50 cc title in 1965.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "The Troubles", "paragraph_text": "The Troubles (Irish: Na Trioblóidí) was an ethno - nationalist conflict in Northern Ireland during the late 20th century. Also known internationally as the Northern Ireland conflict, and the Conflict in Ireland it is sometimes described as a ``guerrilla war ''or a`` low - level war''. The conflict began in the late 1960s and is usually deemed to have ended with the Good Friday Agreement of 1998. Although the Troubles primarily took place in Northern Ireland, at times the violence spilled over into parts of the Republic of Ireland, England, and mainland Europe.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "One man, one vote", "paragraph_text": "Based on a number of inequities, the Northern Ireland Civil Rights Association was founded in 1967. It had five primary demands, and added the demand that each citizen in Northern Ireland be afforded the same number of votes for local elections (national elections followed the same eligibility rules as the rest of the UK). The slogan ``one man, one vote ''became a rallying cry for this campaign. The Parliament of Northern Ireland voted to update the voting rules, which were implemented for the Northern Ireland general election, 1969.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "British Isles", "paragraph_text": "The Northern Ireland Peace Process has led to a number of unusual arrangements between the Republic of Ireland, Northern Ireland and the United Kingdom. For example, citizens of Northern Ireland are entitled to the choice of Irish or British citizenship or both and the Governments of Ireland and the United Kingdom consult on matters not devolved to the Northern Ireland Executive. The Northern Ireland Executive and the Government of Ireland also meet as the North/South Ministerial Council to develop policies common across the island of Ireland. These arrangements were made following the 1998 Good Friday Agreement.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Northern Ireland", "paragraph_text": "Northern Ireland (Irish: Tuaisceart Éireann (ˈt̪ɣuəʃcəɾɣt̪ɣ ˈeːɾjən̪ɣ) (listen); Ulster - Scots: Norlin Airlann) is a part of the United Kingdom in the north - east of the island of Ireland, variously described as a country, province or region. Northern Ireland shares a border to the south and west with the Republic of Ireland. In 2011, its population was 1,810,863, constituting about 30% of the island's total population and about 3% of the UK's population. Established by the Northern Ireland Act 1998 as part of the Good Friday Agreement, the Northern Ireland Assembly holds responsibility for a range of devolved policy matters, while other areas are reserved for the British government. Northern Ireland co-operates with the Republic of Ireland in some areas, and the Agreement granted the Republic the ability to ``put forward views and proposals ''with`` determined efforts to resolve disagreements between the two governments''.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 64964, "question": "who has the most tornadoes in the world", "answer": "the UK", "paragraph_support_idx": 8 }, { "id": 43937, "question": "when did the #1 take over northern ireland", "answer": "1921", "paragraph_support_idx": 6 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Kazakhstan", "paragraph_text": "With an area of 2,700,000 square kilometres (1,000,000 sq mi) – equivalent in size to Western Europe – Kazakhstan is the ninth-largest country and largest landlocked country in the world. While it was part of the Soviet Union, Kazakhstan lost some of its territory to China's Xinjiang autonomous region and some to Uzbekistan's Karakalpakstan autonomous republic.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Mount Sir Wilfrid Laurier", "paragraph_text": "Mount Sir Wilfrid Laurier is the highest peak of the Cariboo Mountains in the east-central interior of British Columbia, Canada. The mountain is part of the Premier Range, which is located just west of Valemount.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Wilfrid Derome", "paragraph_text": "Wilfrid Derome (19 April 1877 – 24 November 1931) was a Quebec forensic scientist known as the founder of the first Forensic science laboratory in North America, founded in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. The laboratory is now called the Laboratoire des Sciences Judiciaires et de Médecine Légale.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Wilfrid Wilson Gibson", "paragraph_text": "Wilfrid Wilson Gibson (2 October 1878 – 26 May 1962) was a British Georgian poet, associated with World War I but also the author of much later work.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Bill Loxton", "paragraph_text": "Wilfrid William Loxton (20 January 1909 – 2 November 1992), known as Bill Loxton, was a British Royal Air Force pilot during the Battle of Britain.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Thursday's Child (1943 film)", "paragraph_text": "Thursday's Child is a 1943 British, black-and-white, comedy, drama, directed by Rodney Ackland and starring Ronald Shiner as Joe, Stewart Granger and Wilfrid Lawson. It was produced by John Argyle and Associated British Picture Corporation.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Twelfth grade", "paragraph_text": "Twelfth grade, senior year, or grade 12 is the final year of secondary school in North America. In other regions it is also equivalently referred as class 12 or Year 13. In most countries students then graduate at age 17 -- 18. Some countries have a thirteenth grade, while other countries do not have a 12th grade / year at all. Twelfth grade is typically the last year of high school; graduation year.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Diarrhea", "paragraph_text": "Basic sanitation techniques can have a profound effect on the transmission of diarrheal disease. The implementation of hand washing using soap and water, for example, has been experimentally shown to reduce the incidence of disease by approximately 42–48%. Hand washing in developing countries, however, is compromised by poverty as acknowledged by the CDC: \"Handwashing is integral to disease prevention in all parts of the world; however, access to soap and water is limited in a number of less developed countries. This lack of access is one of many challenges to proper hygiene in less developed countries.\" Solutions to this barrier require the implementation of educational programs that encourage sanitary behaviours.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Wilfrid Lacroix", "paragraph_text": "Wilfrid Lacroix (6 March 1891 – 30 August 1970) was a member of the House of Commons of Canada from 1935 to 1958. His affiliation was mostly with the Liberal party except between 1944 and 1949 when he left the party to act as an \"Independent Liberal\" member.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "List of hospitals in Romania", "paragraph_text": "The list below is a database that contains hospitals in Romania. All public hospitals receive funding from the Ministry of Health. Romania has a universal healthcare system, hence all public hospitals are charge-free and available to each citizen of the European Union. There are 425 operational hospitals across the country. At the moment, there are 6.2 hospital beds available per 1000 citizens.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "The Long Voyage Home", "paragraph_text": "The Long Voyage Home is a 1940 American drama film directed by John Ford. It stars John Wayne, Thomas Mitchell and Ian Hunter. It also features Barry Fitzgerald, Wilfrid Lawson, John Qualen, Mildred Natwick, and Ward Bond, among others.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "French passport", "paragraph_text": "French citizens can live and work in any country within the EU as a result of the right of free movement and residence granted in Article 21 of the EU Treaty.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Mount Eyskens", "paragraph_text": "Mount Eyskens () is a large rock and ice massif rising to next northward of Mount Derom in the Queen Fabiola Mountains of Antarctica. It was discovered by the Belgian Antarctic Expedition under Guido Derom, October 7, 1960, and named for Albert Eyskens, the pilot of one of the two aircraft used by the Belgian reconnoitering party in this area.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Smoking age", "paragraph_text": "The smoking age is the minimum legal age required to purchase or smoke tobacco products. In almost all countries citizens are eligible to buy tobacco products when they turn 18. Most countries have laws that restrict those below a minimum age from legally purchasing tobacco products.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Asking for Trouble", "paragraph_text": "Asking for Trouble is a 1942 British comedy film directed by Oswald Mitchell and starring Max Miller, Carole Lynne and Wilfrid Hyde-White. Its plot follows a fishmonger who takes up bookmaking to earn extra cash.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "European Free Alliance", "paragraph_text": "In 1981 six parties (VU, the Frisian National Party, Independent Fianna Fáil, the Party of German-speaking Belgians, the Party for the Organization of a Free Brittany and the Alsace-Lorraine National Association), plus three observers (the Union of the Corsican People, UPC, the Occitan Party and the Democratic Convergence of Catalonia, CDC), joined forces to form the European Free Alliance. Regionalist MEPs continued, however, to sit in different groups also after the 1984 election: the SNP in the Gaullist-dominated European Democratic Alliance; the VU, the Sardinian Action Party (PSd'Az) and Basque Solidarity (EA) in the Rainbow Group, together with Green parties; the SVP in the European People's Party group; the CDC with the Liberal Democrats; and Batasuna among Non-Inscrits.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Group B streptococcal infection", "paragraph_text": "Recommendations for IAP to prevent perinatal GBS disease were issued in 1996 by the CDC. In these guidelines, the use of one of two prevention methods was recommended, either a risk - based approach or a culture - based screening approach. The CDC issued updated guidelines in 2002; these guidelines recommended the universal culture - based screening of all pregnant women at 35 -- 37 weeks' gestation to optimize the identification of women who must receive IAP. CDC also recommended that women with unknown GBS colonization status at the time of delivery be managed according to the presence of intrapartum risk factors. Because of this strategy, the US has seen a major reduction in the incidence of GBS - EOD.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Public Health Agency of Canada", "paragraph_text": "The Public Health Agency of Canada (French: Agence de la santé publique du Canada) is an agency of the Government of Canada that is responsible for public health, emergency preparedness, and response and infectious and chronic disease control and prevention. It was formed by Order in Council in 2004 and subsequently by legislation that came into force December 15, 2006 and it is member of the Federal Health Portfolio (along with Health Canada, the Canadian Institute of Health Research, and other organizations).", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Centre de documentation collégiale", "paragraph_text": "The Centre de documentation collégiale (CDC) is a specialised library in education for all the post-secondary colleges and CEGEP in the province of Quebec, Canada. It is located in Montreal (LaSalle), Québec, Canada.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Visa requirements for Indian citizens", "paragraph_text": "Visa requirements for Indian citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of India. As of 1 January 2017, Indian citizens had visa - free or visa on arrival access to 49 countries and territories, ranking the Indian passport 87th in terms of travel freedom (tied with Guinea - Bissauan and Turkmen passports) according to the Henley visa restrictions index. Visitors engaging in activities other than tourism, including unpaid work, require a visa or work permit except for Nepal and Bhutan. Indian citizens who are not natives of the following states also require an Inner Line Permit (ILP) if they are travelling to Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, or Mizoram. ILPs can be obtained online or at the airports of these states on arrival.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 104758, "question": "Which country's citizen was Wilfrid Derome?", "answer": "Canada", "paragraph_support_idx": 2 }, { "id": 43478, "question": "what is the equivalent of the cdc in #1", "answer": "The Public Health Agency of Canada", "paragraph_support_idx": 17 } ]

[ "Public Health Agency of Canada" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Nicotine marketing", "paragraph_text": "In April 1970, President Nixon signed into law the Public Health Cigarette Smoking Act banning the advertising of cigarettes on television and radio starting on 2 January 1971. The Virginia Slims brand was the last commercial shown, with ``a 60 - second revue from flapper to Female Lib '', shown at 11: 59 p.m. on 1 January during a break on The Tonight Show. Smokeless tobacco ads, on the other hand, remained on the air until a ban took effect on 28 August 1986. Even further restrictions took effect under the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act. Effective 22 June 2010, the new regulations prohibit tobacco companies from sponsoring sports, music, and other cultural events. Also, tobacco companies can no longer display their logos or advertise their products on T - shirts, hats, or other apparel. Eventually, the law is planned to require almost all tobacco advertisements to consist of black text on a white background, but the constitutionality of that requirement has come under scrutiny.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Arnold Schwarzenegger", "paragraph_text": "Schwarzenegger's private jet made an emergency landing at Van Nuys Airport on June 19, 2009, after the pilot reported smoke coming from the cockpit, according to a statement released by the governor's press secretary. No one was harmed in the incident.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Dunlop hill", "paragraph_text": "Dunlop hill is a hill in Dunlop, East Ayrshire which is believed to have once held a Celtic fortress. Unknown in age, it is probably a few thousand years old. For members of the Dunlop family, it is a legend that has been believed for centuries.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "NGC 1872", "paragraph_text": "NGC 1872 is an open cluster within the Large Magellanic Cloud in the constellation Dorado. It was discovered by James Dunlop in 1826.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Facebook", "paragraph_text": "In many countries the social networking sites and mobile apps have been blocked temporarily or permanently, including China, Iran, Syria, and North Korea. In May 2018, the government of Papua New Guinea announced that it would ban Facebook for a month while it considered the impact of the website on the country, though no ban has since occurred.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Gareth Dunlop", "paragraph_text": "Gareth Dunlop (born East Belfast) is a singer-songwriter from Northern Ireland who is a multi-instrumentalist, engineer and producer. His distinct songwriting and vocal styles has led to his songs being featured in numerous television shows, films and commercials. In 2013, Dunlop's song \"Wrap Your Arms Around Me\" was part of the soundtrack for the movie \"Safe Haven\" based on a romance novel by Nicholas Sparks. His song was the second best selling single on the album. Currently, Dunlop is in a joint venture publishing deal with Moraine Music Group and Round Hill Music. He spends time in both the US and Northern Ireland, but permanently lives in Belfast and operates a recording studio in Hollywood.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Gareth Unwin", "paragraph_text": "Gareth Ellis-Unwin (born Gareth Unwin, 20 February 1972) is a British film producer best known for producing the 2010 film \"The King's Speech\", for which he won an Academy Award for Best Picture. He is also the co-founder and CEO of Bedlam Productions.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Halo (bar)", "paragraph_text": "Halo was a high end gay bar located at 1435 P Street, NW in the Logan Circle neighborhood of Washington, D.C., United States. Founded in 2004 by Ed Bailey and John Guggenmos, Halo first gained attention by being one of the few smoke-free LGBT bars in Washington, D.C. before the citywide smoking ban was enacted in January 2007. Bailey and Guggenmos previously started other Washington, D.C. LGBT clubs and events including the Velvet Nation party at Nation, Tracks, Millennium at the , Ozone, and Cobalt. In 2007, Bailey and Guggenmos sold their remaining share of Halo to Babak Movahedi and opened Town Danceboutique on U Street, NW.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Smoking, Health and Social Care (Scotland) Act 2005", "paragraph_text": "Since the ban came into force on 26 March 2006, it has been largely accepted by the vast majority of the Scottish public. Compliance rates have been high, and as of 14 June 2006, only one premises has been fined for permitting smoking, and that happened on the day the Act came into being. Additionally, the Swallow Group of hotels, who had launched a legal challenge to the legislation, formally abandoned their attempt on 13 June 2006, after being advised that it would not succeed.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Smoke a Little Smoke", "paragraph_text": "\"Smoke a Little Smoke\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music singer Eric Church. It was released in June 2010 as the third and final single from his 2009 album \"Carolina\". It was also the eighth single of Church's career to reach the Top 20 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot Country Songs chart after peaking at number 16. Church wrote this song with Jeff Hyde and Driver Williams.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "NGC 249", "paragraph_text": "NGC 249 is an emission nebula in the constellation Tucana. It was discovered in 1826 by the astronomer James Dunlop.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "List of smoking bans in the United States", "paragraph_text": "Statewide smoking ban: Since January 1, 1995, smoking has been banned in all enclosed workplaces in California, including bars and restaurants (bars were excluded until January 1, 1998); these following areas were exempt until June 9, 2016: meeting and banquet rooms except while food or beverage functions are taking place (including set - up, service, and clean - up activities or when the room is being used for exhibit activities), retail or wholesale tobacco shops and private smokers lounges (i.e. cigar bars), truck cabs / tractors if no nonsmoking employees are present, theatrical production sites if smoking is an integral part of the story, medical research or treatment sites if smoking is integral to the research or treatment being conducted, private residences except homes licensed as family day care homes during the hours of operation and in those areas where children are present, and patient smoking areas in long - term health care facilities.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "List of smoking bans in the United States", "paragraph_text": "In 1995, California was the first state to enact a statewide smoking ban; throughout the early to mid-2000s, especially between 2004 and 2007, an increasing number of states enacted a statewide smoking ban of some kind. As of July 2017, the most recent statewide smoking ban is North Dakota's, which was ratified by voters on November 6, 2012.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Smoking in Ireland", "paragraph_text": "Smoking in workplaces in Ireland was banned on 29 March 2004, making Ireland the first country in the world to institute an outright ban on smoking in workplaces. From that date onwards, under the Public Health (Tobacco) Acts, it has been illegal to smoke in all enclosed workplaces. The ban is strictly enforced and includes bars, restaurants, clubs, offices, public buildings, company cars, trucks, taxis and vans. A private residence is considered a workplace when tradespeople, such as plumbers or electricians, are working there. €3,000 is the maximum fine on the spot, while a prison sentence can also be given at a later time for violators. The law exempts dwellings, prisons, nursing homes, psychiatric wards, hotel rooms charitable accommodation and college dorm rooms. Certain buildings such as some hospitals forbid smoking anywhere in the grounds.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Daylight saving time", "paragraph_text": "In several countries, fire safety officials encourage citizens to use the two annual clock shifts as reminders to replace batteries in smoke and carbon monoxide detectors, particularly in autumn, just before the heating and candle season causes an increase in home fires. Similar twice-yearly tasks include reviewing and practicing fire escape and family disaster plans, inspecting vehicle lights, checking storage areas for hazardous materials, reprogramming thermostats, and seasonal vaccinations. Locations without DST can instead use the first days of spring and autumn as reminders.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Heysel Stadium disaster", "paragraph_text": "Pressure mounted to ban English clubs from European competition. On 31 May 1985, British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher asked the FA to withdraw English clubs from European competition before they were banned, but two days later, UEFA banned English clubs for ``an indeterminate period of time ''. On 6 June, FIFA extended this ban to all worldwide matches, but this was modified a week later to allow friendly matches outside of Europe to take place. In December 1985 FIFA announced that English clubs were also free to play friendly games in Europe, though the Belgian government banned any English clubs playing in their country.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "List of smoking bans in the United States", "paragraph_text": "Statewide smoking ban: On May 1, 2010, after being signed into law by Governor Jennifer Granholm on December 18, 2009, the Dr. Ron Davis Law took effect, banning smoking statewide in all enclosed, indoor workplaces in Michigan, as well as the outdoor patios of bars and restaurants. The law exempts only cigar bars, retail tobacco stores, private home offices, company vehicles including commercial trucks, and Detroit's three casinos' gambling floors. The law is silent as to whether local governments may regulate smoking more strictly than the state, though it prohibits state or local health departments from enacting any smoking rules different than the law.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "History of tobacco", "paragraph_text": "John Hawkins was the first to bring tobacco seeds to England. William Harrison's English Chronology mentions tobacco smoking in the country as of 1573, before Sir Walter Raleigh brought the first ``Virginia ''tobacco to Europe from the Roanoke Colony, referring to it as tobah as early as 1578. In 1595 Anthony Chute published Tabaco, which repeated earlier arguments about the benefits of the plant and emphasised the health - giving properties of pipe - smoking.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Harriet Dunlop Prenter", "paragraph_text": "Harriet Irene Dunlop Prenter was a leader in the women's rights movement in Canada. In 1921 she was among the first group of women to run as candidates in a Canadian federal election.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease", "paragraph_text": "The primary risk factor for COPD globally is tobacco smoking. Of those who smoke, about 20% will get COPD, and of those who are lifelong smokers, about half will get COPD. In the United States and United Kingdom, of those with COPD, 80–95% are either current or previous smokers. The likelihood of developing COPD increases with the total smoke exposure. Additionally, women are more susceptible to the harmful effects of smoke than men. In non-smokers, exposure to second-hand smoke is the cause in up to 20% of cases. Other types of smoke, such as, marijuana, cigar, and water-pipe smoke, also confer a risk. Water-pipe smoke appears to be as harmful as smoking cigarettes. Problems from marijuana smoke may only be with heavy use. Women who smoke during pregnancy may increase the risk of COPD in their child. For the same amount of cigarette smoking, women have a higher risk of COPD than men.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 101928, "question": "Of what country is Gareth Dunlop a citizen?", "answer": "Ireland", "paragraph_support_idx": 5 }, { "id": 81270, "question": "when did the smoking ban come in #1", "answer": "29 March 2004", "paragraph_support_idx": 13 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Spain", "paragraph_text": "Spain (Spanish: España [esˈpaɲa] (listen)), officially the Kingdom of Spain (Spanish: Reino de España), is a country mostly located in Europe. Its continental European territory is situated on the Iberian Peninsula. Its territory also includes two archipelagoes: the Canary Islands off the coast of Africa, and the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea. The African enclaves of Ceuta, Melilla, and Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera make Spain the only European country to have a physical border with an African country (Morocco). Several small islands in the Alboran Sea are also part of Spanish territory. The country's mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with Gibraltar; to the north and northeast by France, Andorra, and the Bay of Biscay; and to the west and northwest by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Polideportivo Huerta del Rey", "paragraph_text": "Polideportivo Huerta del Rey is an arena located in Valladolid, Spain. It is primarily used for team handball and is the home arena of BM Atlético Valladolid and BM Aula Cultural. From 1976 to 1985 it was the home of CB Valladolid in basketball, before moving to the Pabellón Polideportivo Pisuerga which is used by the handball team for European matches. The arena holds 3,500 people.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Braviken Paper Mill", "paragraph_text": "Braviken Paper Mill (or simply Braviken) is a paper mill located outside Bråviken, Norrköping, in Sweden. It is owned by Holmen Paper, which in turn is a subsidiary of Holmen.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Hyundai Chorus", "paragraph_text": "The Hyundai Chorus (hangul:현대 코러스) is a minibus built by Hyundai Motor Company. The range was primarily available as tourist buses.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Raid on Richmond", "paragraph_text": "Prior to the beginning of the raid, Thomas Jefferson, the then - Governor of Virginia, had moved the capital of Virginia from Williamsburg to Richmond, because of its strategically central, defensible location. In the event of an attack, Jefferson moved all of the town's military supplies to a foundry five miles outside of Richmond. Little did Jefferson know how big of an attack would soon follow.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering", "paragraph_text": "The Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal established in 1974 and published by the NRC Research Press. It covers environmental, hydrotechnical, structure, and construction engineering, as well as engineering mechanics, engineering materials, and a history of civil engineering. Papers are available on the Internet in advance of print issues and are available in full-text HTML and PDF formats.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Days into Years", "paragraph_text": "Days Into Years is the third full-length album by Canadian alternative country band Elliott Brood, released September 27, 2011 on Paper Bag Records. The recording is also available on vinyl.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "History of paper", "paragraph_text": "Paper is a white material primarily used for writing. Although contemporary precursors such as papyrus and amate existed in the Mediterranean world and pre-Columbian Americas, respectively, these materials are not defined as true paper. The first papermaking process was documented in China during the Eastern Han period (25 -- 220 C.E.), traditionally attributed to the court official Cai Lun. During the 8th century, Chinese papermaking spread to the Islamic world, where pulp mills and paper mills were used for money making. By the 11th century, papermaking was brought to medieval Europe, where it was refined with the earliest known paper mills utilizing waterwheels. Later Western improvements to the papermaking process came in the 19th century with the invention of wood - based papers.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Searching for God Knows What", "paragraph_text": "Searching for God Knows What is the third book by Donald Miller, published by Thomas Nelson, Inc., in 2004. This work continues and expands many of the \"Non-Religious Thoughts on Christian Spirituality\" that appeared in his second book, \"Blue Like Jazz\". In \"Searching For God Knows What\", Miller primarily focuses on his view that Christianity should not be approached as a formulaic \"how-to\" guide or moral checklist, but rather as an invitation to enter the only relationship that can provide ultimate fulfillment.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Hyundai Universe", "paragraph_text": "The Hyundai Universe (hangul:현대 유니버스) is a heavy-duty luxury coach built by Hyundai Motor Company. It is primarily available as luxury hi-classic tourist buses.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Hyundai Mighty", "paragraph_text": "The Hyundai Mighty (hangul:현대 마이티) is a line of light-duty commercial vehicle by Hyundai Motor Company. The range was primarily available in Korea and some other countries.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Dell", "paragraph_text": "In the 1990s, Dell switched from using primarily ATX motherboards and PSU to using boards and power supplies with mechanically identical but differently wired connectors. This meant customers wishing to upgrade their hardware would have to replace parts with scarce Dell-compatible parts instead of commonly available parts. While motherboard power connections reverted to the industry standard in 2003, Dell continues to remain secretive about their motherboard pin-outs for peripherals (such as MMC readers and power on/off switches and LEDs).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Clifford Shull", "paragraph_text": "BULLET::::- Carroll, Cindy. \"Carnegie Mellon University Receives Nobel Laureate Clifford Shull Papers Grant and Additional Gift Will Make the Collection Available to Researchers\", (Mar. 12, 2004): Carnegie Mellon University.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Hyundai Global 900", "paragraph_text": "The Hyundai Global 900 (hangul:현대 글로벌900) is a heavy-duty bus built by Hyundai Motor Company. It was primarily available as short-body city bus and tourist buses.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "The New York Times", "paragraph_text": "The paper is owned by The New York Times Company, which is publicly traded but primarily controlled by the Ochs - Sulzberger family through a dual - class share structure. It has been owned by the family since 1896; A.G. Sulzberger the paper's publisher and, his father, Arthur Ochs Sulzberger Jr. the company's chairman, is the fourth and fifth generation of the family to helm the paper.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Marshall Islands", "paragraph_text": "The German Empire had primarily economic interests in Micronesia. The Japanese interests were in land. Despite the Marshalls' small area and few resources, the absorption of the territory by Japan would to some extent alleviate Japan's problem of an increasing population with a diminishing amount of available land to house it. During its years of colonial rule, Japan moved more than 1,000 Japanese to the Marshall Islands although they never outnumbered the indigenous peoples as they did in the Mariana Islands and Palau.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Pabellón Ciudad de Algeciras", "paragraph_text": "Pabellón Ciudad de Algeciras is an arena in Algeciras, Spain. It is primarily used for team handball and is the home arena of Algeciras BM. The arena holds 2,300 people.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Better Call Saul", "paragraph_text": "In December 2013, Netflix announced that the entire first season would be available for streaming in the U.S. after the airing of the first - season finale, and in Latin America and Europe each episode would be available a few days after the episode airs in the U.S. However, the first season was not released on Netflix in the U.S. until February 1, 2016.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "The Sims Mobile", "paragraph_text": "The game is currently available in Australia, Ireland, Brazil and Spain. The game is supposed to be release worldwide by March 6, 2018", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Alexander Graham Bell", "paragraph_text": "A large number of Bell's writings, personal correspondence, notebooks, papers and other documents reside at both the United States Library of Congress Manuscript Division (as the Alexander Graham Bell Family Papers), and at the Alexander Graham Bell Institute, Cape Breton University, Nova Scotia; major portions of which are available for online viewing.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 158735, "question": "Where is Spain primarily located?", "answer": "Europe", "paragraph_support_idx": 0 }, { "id": 70487, "question": "paper as we know it would not have been available in #1 until", "answer": "the 11th century", "paragraph_support_idx": 7 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "This England (film)", "paragraph_text": "This England is a 1941 British historical drama film directed by David MacDonald and starring John Clements, Constance Cummings and Emlyn Williams. The film follows the small English village of Cleveley and its historic resistance against tyrannical invaders recounted by one of the inhabitants to a visiting American journalist.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "British Empire", "paragraph_text": "When Russia invaded the Turkish Balkans in 1853, fears of Russian dominance in the Mediterranean and Middle East led Britain and France to invade the Crimean Peninsula to destroy Russian naval capabilities. The ensuing Crimean War (1854–56), which involved new techniques of modern warfare, and was the only global war fought between Britain and another imperial power during the Pax Britannica, was a resounding defeat for Russia. The situation remained unresolved in Central Asia for two more decades, with Britain annexing Baluchistan in 1876 and Russia annexing Kirghizia, Kazakhstan, and Turkmenistan. For a while it appeared that another war would be inevitable, but the two countries reached an agreement on their respective spheres of influence in the region in 1878 and on all outstanding matters in 1907 with the signing of the Anglo-Russian Entente. The destruction of the Russian Navy by the Japanese at the Battle of Port Arthur during the Russo-Japanese War of 1904–05 also limited its threat to the British.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Rajasthan", "paragraph_text": "The Gurjar Pratihar Empire acted as a barrier for Arab invaders from the 8th to the 11th century. The chief accomplishment of the Gurjara Pratihara empire lies in its successful resistance to foreign invasions from the west, starting in the days of Junaid. Historian R. C. Majumdar says that this was openly acknowledged by the Arab writers. He further notes that historians of India have wondered at the slow progress of Muslim invaders in India, as compared with their rapid advance in other parts of the world. Now there seems little doubt that it was the power of the Gurjara Pratihara army that effectively barred the progress of the Arabs beyond the confines of Sindh, their first conquest for nearly 300 years.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "British Empire", "paragraph_text": "After the German occupation of France in 1940, Britain and the empire stood alone against Germany, until the entry of the Soviet Union to the war in 1941. British Prime Minister Winston Churchill successfully lobbied President Franklin D. Roosevelt for military aid from the United States, but Roosevelt was not yet ready to ask Congress to commit the country to war. In August 1941, Churchill and Roosevelt met and signed the Atlantic Charter, which included the statement that \"the rights of all peoples to choose the form of government under which they live\" should be respected. This wording was ambiguous as to whether it referred to European countries invaded by Germany, or the peoples colonised by European nations, and would later be interpreted differently by the British, Americans, and nationalist movements.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "History of Ireland", "paragraph_text": "By the 12th century, Ireland was divided politically into a shifting hierarchy of petty kingdoms and over-kingdoms. Power was exercised by the heads of a few regional dynasties vying against each other for supremacy over the whole island. One of these men, King Diarmait Mac Murchada of Leinster was forcibly exiled by the new High King, Ruaidri mac Tairrdelbach Ua Conchobair of the Western kingdom of Connacht. Fleeing to Aquitaine, Diarmait obtained permission from Henry II to recruit Norman knights to regain his kingdom. The first Norman knight landed in Ireland in 1167, followed by the main forces of Normans, Welsh and Flemings. Several counties were restored to the control of Diarmait, who named his son - in - law, the Norman Richard de Clare, known as Strongbow, heir to his kingdom. This troubled King Henry, who feared the establishment of a rival Norman state in Ireland. Accordingly, he resolved to establish his authority. In 1177 Prince John Lackland was made Lord of Ireland by his father Henry II of England at the Council of Oxford.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Bosnian Crusade", "paragraph_text": "The Bosnian Crusade was fought against unspecified heretics from 1235 until 1241. It was, essentially, a Hungarian war of conquest against the Banate of Bosnia sanctioned as a crusade. Led by the Hungarian prince Coloman, the crusaders only succeeded in conquering peripheral parts of the country. They were followed by Dominicans, who erected a cathedral and put heretics to death by burning. The crusade came to an abrupt end when Hungary itself was invaded by Tatars. The crusaders were forced to withdraw and engage their own invaders, most of them perishing, including Coloman. Later popes called for more crusades against Bosnia, but none ever took place. The failed crusade led to mistrust and hatred for Hungarians among the Bosnian population that lasted for centuries.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Tibet", "paragraph_text": "In 1904, a British expedition to Tibet, spurred in part by a fear that Russia was extending its power into Tibet as part of The Great Game, invaded the country, hoping that negotiations with the 13th Dalai Lama would be more effective than with Chinese representatives. When the British-led invasion reached Tibet on December 12, 1903, an armed confrontation with the ethnic Tibetans resulted in the Massacre of Chumik Shenko, which resulted in 600 fatalities amongst the Tibetan forces, compared to only 12 on the British side. Afterwards, in 1904 Francis Younghusband imposed a treaty known as the Treaty of Lhasa, which was subsequently repudiated and was succeeded by a 1906 treaty signed between Britain and China.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Battle of Baltimore", "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Baltimore was a sea/land battle fought between British invaders and American defenders in the War of 1812. American forces repulsed sea and land invasions off the busy port city of Baltimore, Maryland, and killed the commander of the invading British forces. The British and Americans first met at the Battle of North Point. Though the Americans retreated, the battle was a successful delaying action that inflicted heavy casualties on the British, halting their advance consequently allowing the defenders at Baltimore to properly prepare for an attack.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "First Battle of Panipat", "paragraph_text": "The First Battle of Panipat, on 21 April 1526, was fought between the invading forces of Babur and the Lodi Empire. It took place in north India and marked the beginning of the Mughal Empire. This was one of the earliest battles involving gunpowder firearms and field artillery in India.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Stage Invader", "paragraph_text": "Stage Invader is the first studio album by the British dance music group Linus Loves, released on 22 May 2006.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Declarations of war during World War II", "paragraph_text": "The Declaration of war by France and the United Kingdom was given on 3 September 1939, after German forces invaded Poland. Despite the speech being the official announcement of both France and the United Kingdom, the speech was given by the British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain, in Westminster, London.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Hellenistic period", "paragraph_text": "After Cassander's death in 298 BCE, however, Demetrius, who still maintained a sizable loyal army and fleet, invaded Macedon, seized the Macedonian throne (294) and conquered Thessaly and most of central Greece (293-291). He was defeated in 288 BC when Lysimachus of Thrace and Pyrrhus of Epirus invaded Macedon on two fronts, and quickly carved up the kingdom for themselves. Demetrius fled to central Greece with his mercenaries and began to build support there and in the northern Peloponnese. He once again laid siege to Athens after they turned on him, but then struck a treaty with the Athenians and Ptolemy, which allowed him to cross over to Asia minor and wage war on Lysimachus' holdings in Ionia, leaving his son Antigonus Gonatas in Greece. After initial successes, he was forced to surrender to Seleucus in 285 and later died in captivity. Lysimachus, who had seized Macedon and Thessaly for himself, was forced into war when Seleucus invaded his territories in Asia minor and was defeated and killed in 281 BCE at the Battle of Corupedium, near Sardis. Seleucus then attempted to conquer Lysimachus' European territories in Thrace and Macedon, but he was assassinated by Ptolemy Ceraunus (\"the thunderbolt\"), who had taken refuge at the Seleucid court and then had himself acclaimed as king of Macedon. Ptolemy was killed when Macedon was invaded by Gauls in 279, his head stuck on a spear and the country fell into anarchy. Antigonus II Gonatas invaded Thrace in the summer of 277 and defeated a large force of 18,000 Gauls. He was quickly hailed as king of Macedon and went on to rule for 35 years.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Norman conquest of southern Italy", "paragraph_text": "In 1091, Roger invaded Malta and subdued the walled city of Mdina. He imposed taxes on the islands, but allowed the Arab governors to continue their rule. In 1127 Roger II abolished the Muslim government, replacing it with Norman officials. Under Norman rule, the Arabic spoken by the Greek Christian islanders for centuries of Muslim domination became Maltese.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Normans", "paragraph_text": "The further decline of Byzantine state-of-affairs paved the road to a third attack in 1185, when a large Norman army invaded Dyrrachium, owing to the betrayal of high Byzantine officials. Some time later, Dyrrachium—one of the most important naval bases of the Adriatic—fell again to Byzantine hands.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Normans", "paragraph_text": "In 1066, Duke William II of Normandy conquered England killing King Harold II at the Battle of Hastings. The invading Normans and their descendants replaced the Anglo-Saxons as the ruling class of England. The nobility of England were part of a single Normans culture and many had lands on both sides of the channel. Early Norman kings of England, as Dukes of Normandy, owed homage to the King of France for their land on the continent. They considered England to be their most important holding (it brought with it the title of King—an important status symbol).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "The Night Invader", "paragraph_text": "The Night Invader is a 1943 British, black-and-white, drama, thriller, war film, directed by Herbert Mason, produced by Max Milder for Warner Bros. and starring Ronald Shiner as Witsen, Anne Crawford and David Farrar.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Battle of Hastings", "paragraph_text": "The exact numbers present at the battle are unknown; modern estimates are around 10,000 for William and about 7,000 for Harold. The composition of the forces is clearer; the English army was composed almost entirely of infantry and had few archers, whereas only about half of the invading force was infantry, the rest split equally between cavalry and archers. Harold appears to have tried to surprise William, but scouts found his army and reported its arrival to William, who marched from Hastings to the battlefield to confront Harold. The battle lasted from about 9 am to dusk. Early efforts of the invaders to break the English battle lines had little effect; therefore, the Normans adopted the tactic of pretending to flee in panic and then turning on their pursuers. Harold's death, probably near the end of the battle, led to the retreat and defeat of most of his army. After further marching and some skirmishes, William was crowned as king on Christmas Day 1066.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Hellenistic period", "paragraph_text": "Southern Italy (Magna Graecia) and south-eastern Sicily had been colonized by the Greeks during the 8th century. In 4th century Sicily the leading Greek city and hegemon was Syracuse. During the Hellenistic period the leading figure in Sicily was Agathocles of Syracuse (361 – 289 BCE) who seized the city with an army of mercenaries in 317 BCE. Agathocles extended his power throughout most of the Greek cities in Sicily, fought a long war with the Carthaginians, at one point invading Tunisia in 310 and defeating a Carthaginian army there. This was the first time a European force had invaded the region. After this war he controlled most of south-east Sicily and had himself proclaimed king, in imitation of the Hellenistic monarchs of the east. Agathocles then invaded Italy (c. 300 BCE) in defense of Tarentum against the Bruttians and Romans, but was unsuccessful.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Normans", "paragraph_text": "The Normans had a profound effect on Irish culture and history after their invasion at Bannow Bay in 1169. Initially the Normans maintained a distinct culture and ethnicity. Yet, with time, they came to be subsumed into Irish culture to the point that it has been said that they became \"more Irish than the Irish themselves.\" The Normans settled mostly in an area in the east of Ireland, later known as the Pale, and also built many fine castles and settlements, including Trim Castle and Dublin Castle. Both cultures intermixed, borrowing from each other's language, culture and outlook. Norman descendants today can be recognised by their surnames. Names such as French, (De) Roche, Devereux, D'Arcy, Treacy and Lacy are particularly common in the southeast of Ireland, especially in the southern part of County Wexford where the first Norman settlements were established. Other Norman names such as Furlong predominate there. Another common Norman-Irish name was Morell (Murrell) derived from the French Norman name Morel. Other names beginning with Fitz (from the Norman for son) indicate Norman ancestry. These included Fitzgerald, FitzGibbons (Gibbons) dynasty, Fitzmaurice. Other families bearing such surnames as Barry (de Barra) and De Búrca (Burke) are also of Norman extraction.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Beam Invader", "paragraph_text": "Beam Invader is a shoot 'em up arcade game released in 1979 by Tekunon Kougyou. It is one of several clones of \"Space Invaders\" which was released the previous year. Unlike the original game, this game uses a paddle as the movement control device rather than a joystick or left/right buttons.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 40154, "question": "What country did the Normans invade in 1169?", "answer": "Ireland", "paragraph_support_idx": 18 }, { "id": 87175, "question": "when was #1 first invaded by the british", "answer": "1167", "paragraph_support_idx": 4 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "India and weapons of mass destruction", "paragraph_text": "India Nuclear programme start date 1967 First nuclear weapon test 18 May 1974 First fusion weapon test 11 May 1998 Most recent test 13 May 1998 Largest - yield test 20 - 60 kt total Number of tests to date 6 Peak stockpile 110 - 120 Current stockpile 110 - 120 Maximum missile range 5,000 - 5,800 km (Agni - V) NPT Party No Smiling Buddha Declared (Pokhran - II) Disputed (Pokhran - II) 2016 estimate Agni V", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Operation Sunbeam", "paragraph_text": "Operation Sunbeam was a series of four nuclear tests conducted at the United States of America's Nevada Test Site in 1962. \"Operation Sunbeam\" tested small, \"tactical\" nuclear warheads; the most notable was the \"Davy Crockett\". \"Operation Sunbeam\" was also known as \"Operation Dominic II\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "North Korea and weapons of mass destruction", "paragraph_text": "North Korea has a military nuclear weapons program and also has a significant quantity of chemical and biological weapons. As of 2003, North Korea is no longer a party to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT). The country has come under sanctions after conducting a number of nuclear tests, beginning in 2006.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Korean War", "paragraph_text": "The Demilitarized Zone runs northeast of the 38th parallel; to the south, it travels west. The old Korean capital city of Kaesong, site of the armistice negotiations, originally was in pre-war South Korea, but now is part of North Korea. The United Nations Command, supported by the United States, the North Korean People's Army, and the Chinese People's Volunteers, signed the Armistice Agreement on 27 July 1953 to end the fighting. The Armistice also called upon the governments of South Korea, North Korea, China and the United States to participate in continued peace talks. The war is considered to have ended at this point, even though there was no peace treaty. North Korea nevertheless claims that it won the Korean War.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Nuclear warfare", "paragraph_text": "During the final stages of World War II in 1945, the United States conducted atomic raids on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, the first on August 6, 1945, and the second on August 9, 1945. These two events were the only times nuclear weapons have been used in combat.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Operation Anvil (nuclear test)", "paragraph_text": "Operation Anvil was a series of 21 nuclear tests conducted by the United States in 1975-1976 at the Nevada Test Site. These tests followed the \"Operation Bedrock\" series and preceded the \"Operation Fulcrum\" series.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "List of nuclear weapons tests of North Korea", "paragraph_text": "Nuclear tests Information Country North Korea Test site Punggye - ri Nuclear Test Site, North Korea Period 2006 -- present Number of tests 6 Test type underground Max. yield ~ 140 kt (U.S. intelligence) 160 kt (Revised estimates from Japanese Government) 250 kt (38 North and revised NORSAR estimate)", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Pakistan–United States relations", "paragraph_text": "India's decision to conduct nuclear tests in May 1998 and Pakistan's response set back US relations in the region, which had seen renewed US interest during the second Clinton Administration. A presidential visit scheduled for the first quarter of 1998 was postponed and, under the Glenn Amendment, sanctions restricted the provision of credits, military sales, economic assistance, and loans to the government.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Trinity (nuclear test)", "paragraph_text": "Trinity was the code name of the first detonation of a nuclear weapon. It was conducted by the United States Army at 5: 29 a.m. on July 16, 1945, as part of the Manhattan Project. The test was conducted in the Jornada del Muerto desert about 35 miles (56 km) southeast of Socorro, New Mexico, on what was then the USAAF Alamogordo Bombing and Gunnery Range (now part of White Sands Missile Range). The only structures originally in the vicinity were the McDonald Ranch House and its ancillary buildings, which scientists used as a laboratory for testing bomb components. A base camp was constructed, and there were 425 people present on the weekend of the test.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Marshall Islands", "paragraph_text": "During the early years of the Cold War from 1946 to 1958, the United States tested 67 nuclear weapons at its Pacific Proving Grounds located in the Marshall Islands, including the largest atmospheric nuclear test ever conducted by the U.S., code named Castle Bravo. \"The bombs had a total yield of 108,496 kilotons, over 7,200 times more powerful than the atomic weapons used during World War II.\" With the 1952 test of the first U.S. hydrogen bomb, code named \"Ivy Mike,\" the island of Elugelab in the Enewetak atoll was destroyed. In 1956, the United States Atomic Energy Commission regarded the Marshall Islands as \"by far the most contaminated place in the world.\"", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Pakistan and weapons of mass destruction", "paragraph_text": "At the Multan meeting, Bhutto also appointed Munir Ahmad Khan as chairman of PAEC, who, until then, had been working as director at the nuclear power and Reactor Division of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), in Vienna, Austria. In December 1972, Abdus Salam led the establishment of Theoretical Physics Group (TPG) as he called scientists working at ICTP to report to Munir Ahmad Khan. This marked the beginning of Pakistan's pursuit of nuclear deterrence capability. Following India's surprise nuclear test, codenamed Smiling Buddha in 1974, the first confirmed nuclear test by a nation outside the permanent five members of the United Nations Security Council, the goal to develop nuclear weapons received considerable impetus.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "2006 North Korean nuclear test", "paragraph_text": "The 2006 North Korean nuclear test was the detonation of a nuclear device conducted by North Korea on October 9, 2006.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Pokhran-II", "paragraph_text": "After Indira Gandhi became Prime Minister in 1966, the nuclear program was consolidated when physicist Raja Ramanna joined the efforts. Another nuclear test by China eventually led to India's decision toward building nuclear weapons in 1967 and conducted its first nuclear test, Smiling Buddha, in 1974.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Pokhran-II", "paragraph_text": "The Pokhran - II tests were a series of five nuclear bomb test explosions conducted by India at the Indian Army's Pokhran Test Range in May 1998. It was the second instance of nuclear testing conducted by India; the first test, code - named Smiling Buddha, was conducted in May 1974.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Soviet atomic bomb project", "paragraph_text": "On 29 August 1949, the Soviet Union secretly conducted its first successful weapon test (First Lightning), based on the U.S. design at the Semipalatinsk in Kazakhstan.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Pacific Proving Grounds", "paragraph_text": "The Pacific Proving Grounds was the name given by the United States government to a number of sites in the Marshall Islands and a few other sites in the Pacific Ocean at which it conducted nuclear testing between 1946 and 1962. The U.S. tested a nuclear weapon (codenamed Able) on Bikini Atoll on 30 June 1946. This was followed by Baker on July 24, 1946.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Project 56 (nuclear test)", "paragraph_text": "Operation Project 56 was a series of 4 nuclear tests conducted by the United States in 1955-1956 at the Nevada Test Site. These tests followed the \"Operation Wigwam\" series and preceded the \"Operation Redwing\" series.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Nuclear weapons testing", "paragraph_text": "Underground tests in the United States continued until 1992 (its last nuclear test), the Soviet Union until 1990, the United Kingdom until 1991, and both China and France until 1996. In signing the Comprehensive Nuclear - Test - Ban Treaty in 1996, these states have pledged to discontinue all nuclear testing; the treaty has not yet entered into force because of failure to be ratified by eight countries. Non-signatories India and Pakistan last tested nuclear weapons in 1998. North Korea conducted nuclear tests in 2006, 2009, 2013, 2016, and 2017. The most recent confirmed nuclear test occurred in September 2017 in North Korea.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Nuclear weapons of the United States", "paragraph_text": "United States Nuclear program start date 21 October 1939 First nuclear weapon test 16 July 1945 First fusion weapon test 1 November 1952 Last nuclear test 23 September 1992 Largest yield test 15 Mt / 63 PJ (1 March 1954) Total tests 1,054 detonations Peak stockpile 31,255 warheads (1967) Current stockpile (usable and not) 4,000 (2018) (excludes retired and awaiting dismantlement) Current strategic arsenal 1,800 deployed strategic nuclear warheads (2018) Maximum missile range 15,000 km (9,321 mi) (land) 12,000 km (7,456 mi) (sub) NPT party Yes (1968, one of five recognized powers)", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Nevada Test Site", "paragraph_text": "The Nevada National Security Site (N2S2), (though the abbreviation NNSS is still used), previously the Nevada Test Site (NTS), is a United States Department of Energy reservation located in southeastern Nye County, Nevada, about 65 miles (105 km) northwest of the city of Las Vegas. Formerly known as the Nevada Proving Grounds, the site was established on 11 January 1951 for the testing of nuclear devices, covering approximately 1,360 square miles (3,500 km) of desert and mountainous terrain. Nuclear weapons testing at the Nevada Test Site began with a 1 - kiloton - of - TNT (4.2 TJ) bomb dropped on Frenchman Flat on 27 January 1951. Many of the iconic images of the nuclear era come from the NTS. NNSS is operated by National Security Technologies, LLC, a joint venture of Northrop Grumman, AECOM, CH2M Hill, and Babcock & Wilcox.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 18468, "question": "Where is the capital city of Kaesong now located?", "answer": "North Korea", "paragraph_support_idx": 3 }, { "id": 85523, "question": "when did #1 conduct its first nuclear test", "answer": "October 9, 2006", "paragraph_support_idx": 11 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Lepidolite", "paragraph_text": "Lepidolite is a lilac-gray or rose-colored member of the mica group of minerals with formula K(Li,Al,Rb)(Al,Si)O(F,OH). It is the most abundant lithium-bearing mineral and is a secondary source of this metal. It is a phyllosilicate mineral and a member of the polylithionite-trilithionite series.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Thuringia", "paragraph_text": "Mining was important in Thuringia since the later Middle Ages, especially within the mining towns of the Thuringian Forest such as Schmalkalden, Suhl and Ilmenau. Following the industrial revolution, the old iron, copper and silver mines declined because the competition from imported metal was too strong. On the other hand, the late 19th century brought new types of mines to Thuringia: the lignite surface mining around Meuselwitz near Altenburg in the east of the Land started in the 1870s, and two potash mining districts were established around 1900. These are the Südharzrevier in the north of the state, between Bischofferode in the west and Roßleben in the east with Sondershausen at its centre, and the Werrarevier on the Hessian border around Vacha and Bad Salzungen in the west. Together, they accounted for a significant part of the world's potash production in the mid-20th century. After the reunification, the Südharzrevier was abandoned, whereas K+S took over the mines in the Werrarevier. Between 1950 and 1990, uranium mining was also important to cover the Soviet Union's need for this metal. The centre was Ronneburg near Gera in eastern Thuringia and the operating company Wismut was under direct Soviet control.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Leutenberg", "paragraph_text": "Leutenberg is a town in the district of Saalfeld-Rudolstadt, in Thuringia, Germany. It is situated in the Thuringian Forest, 18 km southeast of Saalfeld.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Mineral", "paragraph_text": "There are over 5,300 known mineral species; as of March 2017, over 5,230 of these had been approved by the International Mineralogical Association (IMA). The silicate minerals compose over 90% of the Earth's crust. Silicon and oxygen constitute approximately 75% of the Earth's crust, which translates directly into the predominance of silicate minerals.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Spitter (river)", "paragraph_text": "The Spitter is a stream near Tambach-Dietharz in the Thuringian Forest in Germany. It flows through the Spitter Valley and has the highest waterfall in Thuringia. The course of the Spitter crosses the Rennsteig in the area of the Ebertswiese nature reserve and is the only stream along the route of the Rennsteig.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Witherite", "paragraph_text": "Witherite was named after William Withering (1741–1799) an English physician and naturalist who in 1784 published his research on the new mineral. He could show that barite and the new mineral were two different minerals.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Ellenbogen (Rhön)", "paragraph_text": "The Ellenbogen is an 814-metre high extinct volcano in the Thuringian Rhön in the district of Landkreis Schmalkalden-Meiningen, Thuringia, Germany.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Krokodil", "paragraph_text": "Krokodil (, \"crocodile\") was a satirical magazine published in the Soviet Union. It was founded in 1922, at first as the satirical supplement to the \"Workers' Gazette\" (called simply «Приложения» [Supplement]); when it became a separate publication, the name 'Crocodile' was chosen at an editorial meeting from among a list of suggested animal names. At that time, a large number of satirical magazines existed, such as \"Zanoza\" and \"Prozhektor\". Nearly all of them eventually disappeared.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Geology", "paragraph_text": "Petrologists can also use fluid inclusion data and perform high temperature and pressure physical experiments to understand the temperatures and pressures at which different mineral phases appear, and how they change through igneous and metamorphic processes. This research can be extrapolated to the field to understand metamorphic processes and the conditions of crystallization of igneous rocks. This work can also help to explain processes that occur within the Earth, such as subduction and magma chamber evolution.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Physics and Chemistry of Minerals", "paragraph_text": "Physics and Chemistry of Minerals is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published monthly by Springer Science+Business Media. The journal publishes articles and short communications on minerals or solids related to minerals and covers applications of modern techniques or new theories and models to interpret atomic structures and physical of chemical properties of minerals. Topics includes: general solid state spectroscopy, experimental and theoretical analysis of chemical bonding in minerals, physical properties, fundamental properties of atomic structure, mineral surfaces.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Howard, South Dakota", "paragraph_text": "Howard is a city in Miner County, South Dakota, United States. The population was 858 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat and most populous city in Miner County.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Wallendorfer Porzellan", "paragraph_text": "Wallendorfer Porzellan or Wallendorf Porcelain is a porcelain manufacturing company which has been in operation since 1764 in Lichte (Wallendorf) in the Thuringian Highlands. Wallendorf is one of the oldest porcelain trademarks in Germany and the whole of Europe.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Charlesite", "paragraph_text": "Charlesite is a sulfate mineral of the ettringite group. Charlesite was named in 1945 after Dr. Charles Palache mineralogist and professor at Harvard University for his work on minerals. This mineral is extremely rare, and when it is found it is often in crystal (but not gem) form. Its crystals are soft hexagonal, that can vary in color. Colors can range from clear to white, or even a pale yellow or pink. The brittle mineral's Mohs hardness is 2.5 with a specific gravity of 1.79. Though transparent to the eye the mineral has a white streak.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "God Help Me (film)", "paragraph_text": "God Help Me is a 2006 American Christian direct-to-video romantic comedy film written and produced by Dan Olds. It was directed by Reece Tedford, and stars Tom Miner, George Moss, Jim Anderson, Candace Orrino and Shelley Findley. The film was produced by Dust Storm Productions, and distributed on July 13, 2006 by CustomFlix.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Rapidcreekite", "paragraph_text": "Rapidcreekite was first encountered in 1983 in a tributary of Rapid Creek unofficially known as Crosscut Creek at in northern Yukon. The mineral was named \"rapidcreekite\" for the general area in which it was found. The mineral and name were approved by the IMA Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names (IMA1984-035). Rapidcreekite was described in 1986 in the journal \"Canadian Mineralogist\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "The Crocodile (short story)", "paragraph_text": "\"The Crocodile\" (, \"Krokodil\") is a short story by Fyodor Dostoyevsky that was first published in 1865 in his magazine \"Epoch.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Donat Mg", "paragraph_text": "Donat Mg is a natural mineral water from the springs of Rogaška Slatina in Slovenia. It has a high content of magnesium. It helps with constipation problems, heartburn and magnesium deficiency problems.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Christian Frederick Matthaei", "paragraph_text": "Christian Frederick Matthaei (4 March 1744 in Mücheln – 26 September 1811), a Thuringian, palaeographer, classical philologist, professor first at Wittenberg and then at Moscow.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Portugal", "paragraph_text": "Portugal is a significant European minerals producer and is ranked among Europe's leading copper producers. The nation is also a notable producer of tin, tungsten and uranium. However, the country lacks the potential to conduct hydrocarbon exploration and aluminium, a limitation that has hindered the development of Portugal's mining and metallurgy sectors. Although the country has vast iron and coal reserves—mainly in the north—after the 1974 revolution and the consequent economic globalization, low competitiveness forced a decrease in the extraction activity for these minerals. The Panasqueira and Neves-Corvo mines are among the most recognised Portuguese mines that are still in operation.[citation needed]", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Thuringia", "paragraph_text": "The GDP of Thuringia is below the national average, in line with the other former East German Lands. Until 2004, Thuringia was one of the weakest regions within the European Union. The accession of several new countries, the crisis in southern Europe and the sustained economic growth in Germany since 2005 has brought the Thuringian GDP close to the EU average since then. The high economic subsidies granted by the federal government and the EU after 1990 are being reduced gradually and will end around 2020.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 107263, "question": "Which was the country for Krokodil?", "answer": "Soviet Union", "paragraph_support_idx": 7 }, { "id": 20366, "question": "What did the Thuringian miners do to help #1 ?", "answer": "uranium mining was also important to cover the Soviet Union's need for this metal", "paragraph_support_idx": 1 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Panmunjom", "paragraph_text": "A final armistice agreement was reached on July 27, 1953. The United Nations Command, Chinese Peoples Liberation Army, and North Korea Peoples Army agreed to an armistice ending the fighting. The agreement established a 4-kilometer-wide demilitarized zone along the armistice line, effectively dividing Korea into two separate countries. Although most troops and all heavy weapons were to be removed from the area, it has been heavily armed by both sides since the end of the fighting.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "AK-47", "paragraph_text": "The AK - 47, AK, or as it is officially known (Russian: Автома́т Кала́шникова, tr. Avtomát Kaláshnikova, lit. Kalashnikov's Automatic Rifle), also known as the Kalashnikov, is a gas - operated, 7.62 × 39mm assault rifle, developed in the Soviet Union by Mikhail Kalashnikov. It is the originating firearm of the Kalashnikov rifle (or ``AK '') family.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "AK-63", "paragraph_text": "In Hungarian service, the AK-63 replaced the AMD-65, which is nearly identical but features a modified heat shield and a vertical forward hand grip under the barrel. Although the AMD-65 had been the Hungarian service rifle since 1965, it was more expensive to build, and the forward grips had a reputation for being easily damaged in the field. In the late-1970s, the Hungarian Defense Ministry requested that FÉG manufacture a cheaper rifle based on the more traditional Soviet AKM design. By the end of 1977, the AK-63 was adopted by the Hungarian People's Army (beginning with the Ground Forces). In 1978, FÉG added a folding stock AKMS version of the AK-63 to their catalogue; thereafter, the fixed-stock AK-63 became known as the AK-63F (Wooden Stock) and the folding-stock version was designated AK-63D (Descent).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "AK-74", "paragraph_text": "In 1991 the Izhmash factory in the city of Izhevsk began full-scale production of a modernized variant of the AK-74—the AK-74M (M—Russian: \"Модернизированный\"; \"Modernizirovanniy\" or \"modernized\") assault rifle that offers more versatility compared with its predecessor. Apart from several minor improvements, such as a lightened bolt and carrier assembly to reduce the impulse of the gas piston and bolt carrier during firing, the rifle features a new glass-filled polyamide stock that retains the shape of the original AK-74 fixed laminated wood stock, but side-folds to the left like the skeletonized AKS-74 buttstock. Additionally the AK-74M features an improved muzzle device, a reinforced smooth dust cover and a redesigned guide rod return spring retainer that allows firing the GP-25, GP-30 and GP-34 underslung grenade launchers without having to use the previously necessary additional receiver cover fastener. Each AK-74M is fitted with a side-rail bracket for mounting optics. The AK-74M would have been adopted by the Soviet Union as the standard service rifle, and has been accepted as the new service rifle of the Russian Federation.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Ottoman Empire during World War I", "paragraph_text": "On 30 October 1918, the Armistice of Mudros was signed, ending Ottoman involvement in World War 1. The Ottoman public, however, was given misleadingly positive impressions of the severity of the terms of the Armistice. They thought its terms were considerably more lenient than they actually were, a source of discontent later that the Allies had betrayed the offered terms.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Maxime Weygand", "paragraph_text": "Weygand mainly served as a staff officer to Ferdinand Foch in World War I. Weygand initially fought against the Germans during the invasion of France in 1940, but then signed an armistice with and partially collaborated with the Germans as part of the Vichy France regime before being arrested by the Germans for not fully collaborating with them.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Hundred Days Offensive", "paragraph_text": "The Hundred Days Offensive was the final period of the First World War, during which the Allies launched a series of offensives against the Central Powers on the Western Front from 8 August to 11 November 1918, beginning with the Battle of Amiens. The offensive essentially pushed the Germans out of France, forcing them to retreat beyond the Hindenburg Line, and was followed by an armistice. The term ``Hundred Days Offensive ''does not refer to a specific battle or unified strategy, but rather the rapid series of Allied victories starting with the Battle of Amiens.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Armistice of Cassibile", "paragraph_text": "The Armistice of Cassibile was an armistice signed on 3 September 1943 by Walter Bedell Smith and Giuseppe Castellano, and made public on 8 September, between the Kingdom of Italy and the Allies of World War II. It was signed at a conference of generals from both sides in an Allied military camp at Cassibile in Sicily, which had recently been occupied by the Allies. The armistice was approved by both King Victor Emmanuel III and Italian Prime Minister Pietro Badoglio. The armistice stipulated the surrender of Italy to the Allies.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Korean Armistice Agreement", "paragraph_text": "The Korean Armistice Agreement is the armistice which serves to ensure a complete cessation of hostilities of the Korean War. It was signed by U.S. Army Lieutenant General William Harrison, Jr. representing the United Nations Command (UNC), North Korean General Nam Il representing the Korean People's Army (KPA), and the Chinese People's Volunteer Army (PVA). The armistice was signed on July 27, 1953, and was designed to ``insure a complete cessation of hostilities and of all acts of armed force in Korea until a final peaceful settlement is achieved. ''No`` final peaceful settlement'' has been achieved. The signed armistice established the Korean Demilitarized Zone (de facto a new border between the two nations), put into force a cease - fire, and finalized repatriation of prisoners of war. The Demilitarized Zone runs not far from the 38th parallel, which separated North and South Korea before the Korean War.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Hundred Days Offensive", "paragraph_text": "The Hundred Days Offensive (8 August to 11 November 1918) was an Allied offensive which ended the First World War. Beginning with the Battle of Amiens (8–12 August) on the Western Front, the Allies pushed Central Powers back after their gains from the Spring Offensive. The Germans eventually retreated to the Hindenburg Line, culminating in the Armistice of 11 November 1918. The term \"Hundred Days Offensive\" does not refer to a battle or strategy, but rather the rapid series of Allied victories against which the German armies had no reply.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Armistice of 22 June 1940", "paragraph_text": "The Armistice of 22 June 1940 was signed at 18: 36 near Compiègne, France, by officials of Nazi Germany and the French Third Republic. It did not come into effect until after midnight on 25 June.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Modern history", "paragraph_text": "Another action in 1917 that is of note was the armistice signed between Russia and the Central Powers at Brest-Litovsk. As a condition for peace, the treaty by the Central Powers conceded huge portions of the former Russian Empire to Imperial Germany and the Ottoman Empire, greatly upsetting nationalists and conservatives. The Bolsheviks made peace with the German Empire and the Central Powers, as they had promised the Russian people prior to the Revolution. Vladimir Lenin's decision has been attributed to his sponsorship by the foreign office of Wilhelm II, German Emperor, offered by the latter in hopes that with a revolution, Russia would withdraw from World War I. This suspicion was bolstered by the German Foreign Ministry's sponsorship of Lenin's return to Petrograd. The Western Allies expressed their dismay at the Bolsheviks, upset at:", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Armistice of 11 November 1918", "paragraph_text": "The Armistice of 11 November 1918 was the armistice that ended fighting on land, sea and air in World War I between the Allies and their last opponent, Germany. Previous armistices had eliminated Bulgaria, the Ottoman Empire and the Austro - Hungarian Empire. Also known as the Armistice of Compiègne from the place where it was signed, it came into force at 11 a.m. Paris time on 11 November 1918 (``the eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month '') and marked a victory for the Allies and a complete defeat for Germany, although not formally a surrender.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "AK-12", "paragraph_text": "On 25 May 2010, the Russian media published a Russian Ministry of Defence statement that the AK-12 rifle was to be tested in 2011. The early prototype model (AK-200), was presented to the Russian Prime Minister Vladimir Putin during his official visit to inspect the products of the Izhmash arms manufacturing plant in Izhevsk, it was apparently a basic AK-74 (thus chambered in 5.45×39mm cartridge). The Izhmash's prototype was fitted with a large-capacity 60-round casket magazine. On the early prototype model, the traditional locations of the cocking handle, safety lever and fire selector remained unchanged, but the AK-12's production model featured revisions to all of these features.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Black Velvet (song)", "paragraph_text": "Country music artist Robin Lee, also signed to Atlantic at the time, covered ``Black Velvet ''in 1990 on her third studio album, also titled Black Velvet. Lee's version peaked at No. 12 on the U.S. Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) chart.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Tibet", "paragraph_text": "In 1904, a British expedition to Tibet, spurred in part by a fear that Russia was extending its power into Tibet as part of The Great Game, invaded the country, hoping that negotiations with the 13th Dalai Lama would be more effective than with Chinese representatives. When the British-led invasion reached Tibet on December 12, 1903, an armed confrontation with the ethnic Tibetans resulted in the Massacre of Chumik Shenko, which resulted in 600 fatalities amongst the Tibetan forces, compared to only 12 on the British side. Afterwards, in 1904 Francis Younghusband imposed a treaty known as the Treaty of Lhasa, which was subsequently repudiated and was succeeded by a 1906 treaty signed between Britain and China.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Korean War", "paragraph_text": "The on-again, off-again armistice negotiations continued for two years, first at Kaesong, on the border between North and South Korea, and then at the neighbouring village of Panmunjom. A major, problematic negotiation point was prisoner of war (POW) repatriation. The PVA, KPA, and UN Command could not agree on a system of repatriation because many PVA and KPA soldiers refused to be repatriated back to the north, which was unacceptable to the Chinese and North Koreans. In the final armistice agreement, signed on 27 July 1953, a Neutral Nations Repatriation Commission, under the chairman Indian General K. S. Thimayya, was set up to handle the matter.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Treaty of Versailles", "paragraph_text": "The Treaty of Versailles (French: Traité de Versailles) was the most important of the peace treaties that brought World War I to an end. The Treaty ended the state of war between Germany and the Allied Powers. It was signed on 28 June 1919 in Versailles, exactly five years after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand which directly led to World War I. The other Central Powers on the German side of World War I signed separate treaties. Although the armistice, signed on 11 November 1918, ended the actual fighting, it took six months of Allied negotiations at the Paris Peace Conference to conclude the peace treaty. The treaty was registered by the Secretariat of the League of Nations on 21 October 1919.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Veterans Day", "paragraph_text": "Veterans Day is an official United States public holiday, observed annually on November 11, that honors military veterans; that is, persons who served in the United States Armed Forces. It coincides with other holidays, including Armistice Day and Remembrance Day, celebrated in other countries that mark the anniversary of the end of World War I; major hostilities of World War I were formally ended at the 11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th month of 1918, when the Armistice with Germany went into effect. The United States previously observed Armistice Day. The U.S. holiday was renamed Veterans Day in 1954.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Korean War", "paragraph_text": "The Demilitarized Zone runs northeast of the 38th parallel; to the south, it travels west. The old Korean capital city of Kaesong, site of the armistice negotiations, originally was in pre-war South Korea, but now is part of North Korea. The United Nations Command, supported by the United States, the North Korean People's Army, and the Chinese People's Volunteers, signed the Armistice Agreement on 27 July 1953 to end the fighting. The Armistice also called upon the governments of South Korea, North Korea, China and the United States to participate in continued peace talks. The war is considered to have ended at this point, even though there was no peace treaty. North Korea nevertheless claims that it won the Korean War.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 106076, "question": "Which was the country for AK-12?", "answer": "Russia", "paragraph_support_idx": 13 }, { "id": 33265, "question": "When was the armistice signed between #1 and Central powers?", "answer": "1917", "paragraph_support_idx": 11 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Military history of the United States during World War II", "paragraph_text": "The first stepping stone for the Allied liberation of Europe was, in Prime Minister Winston Churchill's words, the ``soft underbelly ''of Europe on the Italian island of Sicily. Launched on 9 July 1943, Operation Husky was, at the time, the largest amphibious operation ever undertaken. The American seaborne assault by the U.S. 7th Army landed on the southern coast of Sicily between the town of Licata in the west, and Scoglitti in the east and units of the 82nd airborne division parachuted ahead of landings. Despite the elements, the operation was a success and the Allies immediately began exploiting their gains. On 11 August, seeing that the battle was lost, the German and Italian commanders began evacuating their forces from Sicily to Italy. On 17 August, the Allies were in control of the island, U.S. 7th Army lost 8,781 men (2,237 killed or missing, 5,946 wounded, and 598 captured).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Hellenistic period", "paragraph_text": "The Nabatean Kingdom was an Arab state located between the Sinai Peninsula and the Arabian Peninsula. Its capital was the city of Petra, an important trading city on the incense route. The Nabateans resisted the attacks of Antigonous and were allies of the Hasmoneans in their struggle against the Seleucids, but later fought against Herod the great. The hellenization of the Nabateans accured relatively late in comparison to the surrounding regions. Nabatean material culture does not show any Greek influence until the reign of Aretas III Philhellene in the 1st century BCE. Aretas captured Damascus and built the Petra pool complex and gardens in the Hellenistic style. Though the Nabateans originally worshipped their traditional gods in symbolic form such as stone blocks or pillars, during the Hellenistic period they began to identify their gods with Greek gods and depict them in figurative forms influenced by Greek sculpture. Nabatean art shows Greek influences and paintings have been found depicting Dionysian scenes. They also slowly adopted Greek as a language of commerce along with Aramaic and Arabic.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Jesse Stone: Innocents Lost", "paragraph_text": "Jesse Stone: Innocents Lost is a 2011 American made-for-television crime drama film directed by Dick Lowry and starring Tom Selleck, Kathy Baker, and Kohl Sudduth. Based on the characters from the Jesse Stone novels created by Robert B. Parker, the film is about the retired police chief of a small New England town who investigates the suspicious death of a young friend while the police force deals with the arrogant new police chief who is the son-in-law of a town councilman. Filmed on location in Nova Scotia, the story is set in the fictitious town of Paradise, Massachusetts. \"Jesse Stone: Innocents Lost\" is the seventh in a series of nine television films based on the characters of Parker's Jesse Stone novels. The film first aired on the CBS television network on May 22, 2011.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Sultan Ismail Petra Silver Jubilee Mosque", "paragraph_text": "Chinese Mosque, Rantau Panjang or Sultan Ismail Petra Silver Jubilee Mosque and Beijing Mosque (Malay: Masjid China, Rantau Panjang or Masjid Jubli Perak Sultan Ismail Petra and Masjid Beijing) is a Chinese-style mosque in Rantau Panjang, Kelantan, Malaysia. The mosque resembles the 1,000-year-old Niujie Mosque in Beijing, China.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Wadi Musa", "paragraph_text": "Wadi Musa (, literally \"Valley of Moses\") is a town located in the Ma'an Governorate in southern Jordan. It is the administrative center of the Petra Department and the nearest town to the archaeological site of Petra. It hosts many hotels and restaurants for tourists, and there is an important Bedouin settlement approximately from the town.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "List of Jane the Virgin characters", "paragraph_text": "Petra Solano, born Natalia Fruôcek (portrayed by Yael Grobglas) originates from Czech Republic, running away and taking on a new identity with her mother, Magda, in order to hide from her abusive boyfriend, Milos. Petra becomes engaged to Lachlan Moore before leaving him for Rafael Solano, a man with slightly more money, but ultimately falling in love with him. The two get married and become pregnant, but they eventually lose the baby and Rafael becomes diagnosed with cancer. Their marriage falls apart after this, though Rafael beats his cancer, and so Petra plots to inseminate herself with his sperm sample as a way of preventing him from leaving her. This fails, as the sample is inseminated in Jane Villanueva instead, and so she concocts a line of other schemes to keep him within her grasp. These all fail, and the couple get divorced, but Petra continues to remain a thorn in Rafael's side. Milos tracks down Petra and Magda, sending his goon, Ivan, but the two ladies hold him hostage for a period of time before he escapes. Petra also deals with the repercussions of her affair with Roman Zazo, whose twin brother Aaron is around; however, Aaron turns out to be Roman, and Petra winds up killing him once he takes her hostage. Petra takes a share of the Marbella, preventing herself from being forced out, and in the season finale it's discovered Rafael has another sperm sample leftover. Petra has just learned that Rafael is trying to manipulate her in hopes of getting rid of her, and so, rather than telling him about the sample, she steals it for herself.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Aftermath of World War I", "paragraph_text": "Ireland: Irish Free State (approximately five - sixths of the island) gained independence from the United Kingdom (but still part of the British Empire)", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "B.B. King", "paragraph_text": "King gained further visibility among rock audiences as an opening act on the Rolling Stones' 1969 American Tour. He won a 1970 Grammy Award for the song ``The Thrill Is Gone ''; his version became a hit on both the pop and R&B charts. It also gained the number 183 spot in Rolling Stone magazine's 500 Greatest Songs of All Time.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Mark Kelly (bassist)", "paragraph_text": "Mark Dean Kelly (born June 28, 1956) is a Christian bass guitarist most remembered for being a member of Petra during the 1980s. Kelly joined Petra in 1981 and recorded seven albums with them before retiring in 1988, being replaced by Ronny Cates.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Emerald City Confidential", "paragraph_text": "Emerald City Confidential is a 2009 computer adventure game conceived by Dave Gilbert, developed by Wadjet Eye Games and published through PlayFirst. It follows the protagonist Petra, Emerald City's only private eye, as she is approached by a strange woman named Dee Gale. Dee's fiancé is missing, and she is willing to pay Petra above the going rate in order to find him. Lacking any other prospects, Petra agrees. What starts off as a simple missing person case soon takes Petra deep into the seedy underbelly of the Emerald City's criminal underground and beyond. She encounters many characters from the Oz canon and some new characters, learns several magic spells, and uncovers the answer to a dark secret that has haunted Petra all her life.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Parliament of Jordan", "paragraph_text": "As a developing constitutional monarchy, Jordan has survived the trials and tribulations of Middle Eastern politics. The Jordanian public has experienced limited democracy since gaining independence in 1946 however the population has not suffered as others have under dictatorships imposed by some Arab regimes. The 1952 Constitution provided for citizens of Jordan to form and join political parties. Such rights were suspended in 1967 when a state of emergency was declared and martial law and suspension of Parliament, continuing until it was repealed in 1989.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 11, "title": "States of Germany", "paragraph_text": "After the Nazi Party seized power in January 1933, the Länder increasingly lost importance. They became administrative regions of a centralised country. Three changes are of particular note: on January 1, 1934, Mecklenburg-Schwerin was united with the neighbouring Mecklenburg-Strelitz; and, by the Greater Hamburg Act (Groß-Hamburg-Gesetz), from April 1, 1937, the area of the city-state was extended, while Lübeck lost its independence and became part of the Prussian province of Schleswig-Holstein.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "What Fools Men", "paragraph_text": "What Fools Men is a lost 1925 American silent drama film directed by George Archainbaud and starring Lewis Stone, Shirley Mason, and Ethel Grey Terry.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Armenia", "paragraph_text": "Although the Russian Caucasus Army of Imperial forces commanded by Nikolai Yudenich and Armenians in volunteer units and Armenian militia led by Andranik Ozanian and Tovmas Nazarbekian succeeded in gaining most of Ottoman Armenia during World War I, their gains were lost with the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917.[citation needed] At the time, Russian-controlled Eastern Armenia, Georgia, and Azerbaijan attempted to bond together in the Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic. This federation, however, lasted from only February to May 1918, when all three parties decided to dissolve it. As a result, the Dashnaktsutyun government of Eastern Armenia declared its independence on 28 May as the First Republic of Armenia under the leadership of Aram Manukian.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Aztec sun stone", "paragraph_text": "The Sun Stone, Stone of the Five Eras, or sometimes (erroneously) called Aztec calendar stone is a late post-classic Mexica sculpture housed in the National Anthropology Museum in Mexico City, and is perhaps the most famous work of Aztec sculpture. The stone is 358 centimetres (11.75 ft) in diameter and 98 centimetres (3.22 ft) thick, and it weighs about 24 tons. Shortly after the Spanish conquest, the monolithic sculpture was buried in the Zócalo, the main square of Mexico City. It was rediscovered on December 17, 1790 during repairs on the Mexico City Cathedral. Following its rediscovery, the calendar stone was mounted on an exterior wall of the Cathedral, where it remained until 1885. Most scholars think that the stone was carved some time between 1502 and 1521, though some believe that it is several decades older than that.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "List of Jane the Virgin characters", "paragraph_text": "Jane ``JR ''Ramos (Rosario Dawson): Petra's attorney following Anezka's death. Though seemingly a friend to Petra, it turns out she was being blackmailed to help frame Petra for murder, the life of her schizophrenic mother being at stake. Petra and JR eventually develop romantic feelings for one another and enter into a relationship once Petra's blackmailer - Krishna - is exposed.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Petra", "paragraph_text": "The city is famous for its rock - cut architecture and water conduit system. Another name for Petra is the Rose City due to the color of the stone out of which it is carved. It has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1985. UNESCO has described it as ``one of the most precious cultural properties of man's cultural heritage ''. Petra is a symbol of Jordan, as well as Jordan's most - visited tourist attraction. Tourist numbers peaked at 1 million in 2010, the following period witnessed a slump due to regional instability. However, tourist numbers have picked up recently, and around 600,000 tourists visited the site in 2017.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Paulina Ana María Zapata Portillo", "paragraph_text": "Paulina Ana María Zapata Portillo was born on 22 June 1915 in Izucar de Matamoros, Puebla, Mexico to Emiliano Zapata Salazar and Petra Portillo Torres. Because her father was murdered when she was four and the family was persecuted by his enemies, Anita was taken to live with family members in Chietla, Puebla. From a very young age, Zapata was interested in politics and understood that her family name could open doors and gain access for beneficial causes.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Croatia at the FIFA World Cup", "paragraph_text": "Croatia national football team have appeared in the FIFA World Cup on five occasions (in 1998, 2002, 2006, 2014 and 2018) since gaining independence in 1991. Before that, from 1930 to 1990 Croatia was part of Yugoslavia. Their best result thus far was silver position at the 2018 final, where they lost 4 - 2 to France.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "MyZeil", "paragraph_text": "MyZeil is a shopping mall in the center of Frankfurt, Germany. It was designed by Roman architect Massimiliano Fuksas. It is part of the PalaisQuartier development, with its main entrance on the Zeil, Frankfurt's main shopping street. It was officially opened on 26 February 2009 by the city mayor Petra Roth.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 57514, "question": "where is petra the lost city of stone", "answer": "Jordan", "paragraph_support_idx": 16 }, { "id": 160063, "question": "When did #1 gain independence?", "answer": "1946", "paragraph_support_idx": 10 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Cape of Good Hope", "paragraph_text": "When following the western side of the African coastline from the equator, however, the Cape of Good Hope marks the point where a ship begins to travel more eastward than southward. Thus, the first modern rounding of the cape in 1488 by Portuguese explorer Bartolomeu Dias was a milestone in the attempts by the Portuguese to establish direct trade relations with the Far East (although Herodotus mentioned a claim that the Phoenicians had done so far earlier). Dias called the cape Cabo das Tormentas (``Cape of Storms ''; Dutch: Stormkaap), which was the original name of the`` Cape of Good Hope''.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Annurca", "paragraph_text": "'Annurca', pronounced in Italy , also called 'Anurka', is a historically old cultivar of domesticated apple native to Southern Italy, It is believed to be the one mentioned by Pliny the Elder in his \"Naturalis Historia\", and in the 16th century by Gian Battista della Porta. However it was first mentioned by this name by Giuseppe Antonio Pasquale.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Barthélemy Boganda", "paragraph_text": "Barthélemy Boganda (4 April 1910 – 29 March 1959) was the leading nationalist politician of what is now the Central African Republic. Boganda was active prior to his country's independence, during the period when the area, part of French Equatorial Africa, was administered by France under the name of Oubangui-Chari. He served as the first Prime Minister of the Central African Republic autonomous territory.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Kingdom of Butua", "paragraph_text": "The Kingdom of Butua or Butwa (c. 1450 - 1683) was a pre-colonial African state located in what is now southwestern Zimbabwe. Butua was renowned as the source of gold for Arab and Portuguese traders. The region was first mentioned in Portuguese records in 1512.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Bebe Cool", "paragraph_text": "Bebe Cool (born 1 September 1977) (real name Moses Ssali) is a top African reggae and ragga musician from Uganda. He started his career around 1997 in Nairobi, Kenya, but a few years later he moved back to his native country. Bebe Cool was one of the first artists affiliated with Ogopa DJs, a production house and record label in Kenya.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them", "paragraph_text": "Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them is a 2001 book written by British author J.K. Rowling (under the pen name of the fictitious author Newt Scamander) about the magical creatures in the Harry Potter universe. The original version purports to be Harry Potter's copy of the textbook of the same name mentioned in Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (or Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone in the US), the first novel of the Harry Potter series. It includes several notes inside it supposedly handwritten by Harry, Ron Weasley, and Hermione Granger, detailing their own experiences with some of the beasts described, and including in - jokes relating to the original series.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Decolonisation of Africa", "paragraph_text": "On May 6, 1957, Ghana (formerly Gold Coast) became the first sub-Saharan African country to gain its independence from European colonization in the twentieth century.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Belarus", "paragraph_text": "The name \"Rus\" is often conflated with its Latin forms \"Russia\" and \"Ruthenia\", thus Belarus is often referred to as \"White Russia\" or \"White Ruthenia\". The name first appeared in German and Latin medieval literature; the chronicles of Jan of Czarnków mention the imprisonment of Lithuanian grand duke Jogaila and his mother at \"\" in 1381. In some languages, including German, Afrikaans and Dutch, the country is generally called \"White Russia\" to this day (' and ' respectively).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Namibia", "paragraph_text": "The first newspaper in Namibia was the German-language Windhoeker Anzeiger, founded 1898. Radio was introduced in 1969, TV in 1981. During German rule, the newspapers mainly reflected the living reality and the view of the white German-speaking minority. The black majority was ignored or depicted as a threat. During South African rule, the white bias continued, with mentionable influence of the Pretoria government on the \"South West African\" media system. Independent newspapers were seen as a menace to the existing order, critical journalists threatened.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Paul Roos (rugby player)", "paragraph_text": "Paul Johannes Roos (30 October 1880 – 22 September 1948) (also known as \"Oom Polla\" – Afrikaans for \"Uncle Polla\", \"Polla\" being a pet name for \"Paul\") was one of the first South African Springbok rugby union captains and led the first South African rugby team to tour overseas – to Britain in 1906. Roos was born near the South African town of Stellenbosch on 30 October 1880 and completed his education there.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "BRICS", "paragraph_text": "In 2010, South Africa began efforts to join the BRIC grouping, and the process for its formal admission began in August of that year. South Africa officially became a member nation on 24 December 2010, after being formally invited by China to join and subsequently accepted by other BRIC countries. The group was renamed BRICS – with the \"S\" standing for South Africa – to reflect the group's expanded membership. In April 2011, the President of South Africa, Jacob Zuma, attended the 2011 BRICS summit in Sanya, China, as a full member.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Decolonisation of Africa", "paragraph_text": "On 6 March 1957, Ghana (formerly the Gold Coast) became the first sub-Saharan African country to gain its independence from European colonization in the twentieth century.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Nelson Mandela", "paragraph_text": "Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela (/ mænˈdɛlə /; 18 July 1918 -- 5 December 2013) was a South African anti-apartheid revolutionary, political leader, and philanthropist, who served as President of South Africa from 1994 to 1999. He was the country's first black head of state and the first elected in a fully representative democratic election. His government focused on dismantling the legacy of apartheid by tackling institutionalised racism and fostering racial reconciliation. Ideologically an African nationalist and socialist, he served as President of the African National Congress (ANC) party from 1991 to 1997.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Paramun", "paragraph_text": "Paramun () is a village in Tran Municipality, Pernik Province. It is located in western Bulgaria, 66 km from the capital city of Sofia and 14 km from the town of Tran, near the Serbian border. The toponym is of Byzantine Greek origin, from the loanword \"paramun\" meaning \"guard, watch, sentry\". It was rendered as παραμονή in Greek and was retained in medieval Serbian as . The name was first mentioned in 1451 and 1453.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Caine Prize", "paragraph_text": "The Caine Prize for African Writing is an annual literary award for the best original short story by an African writer, whether in Africa or elsewhere, published in the English language. The £10,000 prize was founded in the United Kingdom in 2000, and was named in memory of Sir Michael Harris Caine, former Chairman of Booker Group plc. Because of the Caine Prize's connection to the Booker Prize, the award is sometimes called the \"African Booker\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Gabon Airlines", "paragraph_text": "Gabon Airlines is the name of two incarnations of Gabonese airline, headquartered in Libreville. The first incarnation of Gabon Airlines which was operated from 2007 to 2012, concentrating on African and European flight services out of Libreville International Airport. In April 2015, the second incarnation of Gabon Airlines is due to redeveloped as a flag carrier, replacing the original Air Gabon.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Nebaioth", "paragraph_text": "Nebaioth (Hebrew נְבָיוֹת) is mentioned at least five times in the Hebrew Bible according to which he was the firstborn son of Ishmael, and the name appears as the name of one of the wilderness tribes mentioned in the Book of Genesis 25:13, and in the Book of Isaiah 60:7.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Namibia", "paragraph_text": "Compared to neighbouring countries, Namibia has a large degree of media freedom. Over the past years, the country usually ranked in the upper quarter of the Press Freedom Index of Reporters without Borders, reaching position 21 in 2010, being on par with Canada and the best-positioned African country. The African Media Barometer shows similarly positive results.[citation needed] However, as in other countries, there is still mentionable influence of representatives of state and economy on media in Namibia. In 2009, Namibia dropped to position 36 on the Press Freedom Index. In 2013, it was 19th. In 2014 it ranked 22nd", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "South Africa", "paragraph_text": "The name ``South Africa ''is derived from the country's geographic location at the southern tip of Africa. Upon formation the country was named the Union of South Africa in English, reflecting its origin from the unification of four formerly separate British colonies. Since 1961 the long form name in English has been the`` Republic of South Africa''. In Dutch the country was named Republiek van Zuid - Afrika, replaced in 1983 by the Afrikaans Republiek van Suid - Afrika. Since 1994 the Republic has had an official name in each of its 11 official languages.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Krásna Hôrka Castle", "paragraph_text": "The Krásna Hôrka Castle (, ) is a castle in Slovakia, built on a hilltop overlooking the village of Krásnohorské Podhradie near Rožňava, in Košice Region. The first recorded mention of the castle was in 1333. In 1961 Krásna Hôrka was designated a National Cultural Monument of the Slovak Republic. It was said to be one of the country's best-preserved", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 159025, "question": "What African country is mentioned first?", "answer": "South Africa", "paragraph_support_idx": 10 }, { "id": 87981, "question": "what is the original name of #1", "answer": "Union of South Africa", "paragraph_support_idx": 18 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Blaine, Washington", "paragraph_text": "Blaine is a city in Whatcom County, Washington, United States. The city's northern boundary is the Canada–US border. The Peace Arch international monument lies partly in Blaine and partly in Canada. The population was 4,684 at the 2010 census. Since Blaine is located right on the border with Canada, it is the northernmost city on Interstate 5, while the southernmost city is San Ysidro, California.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Paris", "paragraph_text": "The centre of Paris contains the most visited monuments in the city, including the Notre Dame Cathedral and the Louvre as well as the Sainte-Chapelle; Les Invalides, where the tomb of Napoleon is located, and the Eiffel Tower are located on the Left Bank south-west of the centre. The banks of the Seine from the Pont de Sully to the Pont d'Iéna have been listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1991. Other landmarks are laid out east to west along the historic axis of Paris, which runs from the Louvre through the Tuileries Garden, the Luxor Column in the Place de la Concorde, the Arc de Triomphe, to the Grande Arche of La Défense.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "The Da Vinci Code", "paragraph_text": "The real meaning of the last message is that the Grail is buried beneath the small pyramid directly below the La Pyramide Inversée, the inverted glass pyramid of the Louvre. It also lies beneath the ``Rose Line, ''an allusion to`` Rosslyn.'' Langdon figures out this final piece to the puzzle; he follows the Rose Line to La Pyramide Inversée, where he kneels before the hidden sarcophagus of Mary Magdalene, as the Templar knights did before him.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Richmond, Virginia", "paragraph_text": "The city is home to many monuments and memorials, most notably those along Monument Avenue. Other monuments include the A.P. Hill monument, the Bill \"Bojangles\" Robinson monument in Jackson Ward, the Christopher Columbus monument near Byrd Park, and the Confederate Soldiers and Sailors Monument on Libby Hill. Located near Byrd Park is the famous World War I Memorial Carillon, a 56-bell carillon tower. Dedicated in 1956, the Virginia War Memorial is located on Belvedere overlooking the river, and is a monument to Virginians who died in battle in World War II, the Korean War, the Vietnam War, the Gulf War, the War in Afghanistan, and the Iraq War.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "London", "paragraph_text": "The Monument in the City of London provides views of the surrounding area while commemorating the Great Fire of London, which originated nearby. Marble Arch and Wellington Arch, at the north and south ends of Park Lane respectively, have royal connections, as do the Albert Memorial and Royal Albert Hall in Kensington. Nelson's Column is a nationally recognised monument in Trafalgar Square, one of the focal points of central London. Older buildings are mainly brick built, most commonly the yellow London stock brick or a warm orange-red variety, often decorated with carvings and white plaster mouldings.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Arc de Triomphe", "paragraph_text": "The Arc de Triomphe should not be confused with a smaller arch, the Arc de Triomphe du Carrousel, which stands west of the Louvre. The Arc de Triomphe honours those who fought and died for France in the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, with the names of all French victories and generals inscribed on its inner and outer surfaces. Beneath its vault lies the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier from World War I.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Arch of Septimius Severus", "paragraph_text": "Arch of Septimius Severus Location Regione VIII Forum Romanum Built in 203 AD Built by / for Septimius Severus Type of structure Triumphal arch Related List of ancient monuments in Rome Arch of Septimius Severus", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "World Tourism rankings", "paragraph_text": "Rank Destination International tourist arrivals (2016) International tourist arrivals (2015) Change (2015 to 2016) (%) Change (2014 to 2015) (%) France 82.6 million 84.5 million 2.2 0.9 United States 75.6 million 77.5 million 2.4 3.3 Spain 75.6 million 68.5 million 10.3 5.5 China 59.3 million 56.9 million 4.2 2.3 5 Italy 52.4 million 50.7 million 3.2 4.4 6 United Kingdom 35.8 million 34.4 million 4.0 5.6 7 Germany 35.6 million 35.0 million 1.7 6.0 8 Mexico 35.0 million 32.1 million 8.9 9.4 9 Thailand 32.6 million 29.9 million 8.9 20.6 10 Austria 28.1 million 26.7 million 5.2 5.7", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Patuxai", "paragraph_text": "Patuxai (Lao: ປະຕູໄຊ, literally meaning Victory Gate or Gate of Triumph, formerly the Anousavary or Anosavari Monument, known by the French as Monument Aux Morts) is a war monument in the centre of Vientiane, Laos, built between 1957 and 1968. The Patuxai was dedicated to those who fought in the struggle for independence from France. In romanising the name from the Laotian language, it is variously transliterated as Patuxai, Patuxay, Patousai and Patusai. It is also called Patuxai Arch or the Arc de Triomphe of Vientiane as it resembles the Arc de Triomphe in Paris. However, it is typically Laotian in design, decorated with mythological creatures such as the kinnari (half-female, half-bird).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Earth's outer core", "paragraph_text": "The outer core of the Earth is a fluid layer about 2,400 km (1,500 mi) thick and composed of mostly iron and nickel that lies above Earth's solid inner core and below its mantle. Its outer boundary lies 2,890 km (1,800 mi) beneath Earth's surface. The transition between the inner core and outer core is located approximately 5,150 km (3,200 mi) beneath the Earth's surface. Unlike the inner core, the outer core is liquid. The inner core is also referred to as the solid core.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Aqueduct of Segovia", "paragraph_text": "To reach the old city, the water is conveyed by its aqueduct bridge. At Plaza de Díaz Sanz (Díaz Sanz Plaza), the structure makes an abrupt turn and heads toward Plaza Azoguejo (Azoguejo Plaza). It is there the monument begins to display its full splendor. At its tallest, the aqueduct reaches a height of 28.5 m (93 ft 6 in), including nearly 6 m (19 ft 8 in) of foundation. There are both single and double arches supported by pillars. From the point the aqueduct enters the city until it reaches Plaza de Díaz Sanz, it includes 75 single arches and 44 double arches (or 88 arches when counted individually), followed by four single arches, totalling 167 arches in all.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Molen van Aerden", "paragraph_text": "The Molen van Aerden (English: \"Aerden's Mill\") is a windmill located on the Raadhuisstraat 28A in Nispen, Roosendaal, in the province of North Brabant, Netherlands. Built in 1850 on an artificial hill, the windmill functioned as gristmill. It was built as a tower mill and its sails have a span of . The mill is a national monument (nr 32716) since 19 May 1971. The Molen van Aerden can be visited by appointment.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Gateway Arch", "paragraph_text": "The Gateway Arch is a 630 - foot (192 m) monument in St. Louis in the U.S. state of Missouri. Clad in stainless steel and built in the form of a weighted catenary arch, it is the world's tallest arch, the tallest man - made monument in the Western Hemisphere, and Missouri's tallest accessible building. Built as a monument to the westward expansion of the United States, and officially dedicated to ``the American people, ''it is the centerpiece of the Jefferson National Expansion Memorial and has become an internationally recognized symbol of St. Louis, as well as a popular tourist destination.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Bismarck Monument (Bad Kissingen)", "paragraph_text": "The Bismarck Monument in Bad Kissingen is located in Hausen (a quarter of the German spa town, Bad Kissingen), which Chancellor Otto von Bismarck visited 14 times to \"take the cure\" between 1876 and 1893. The monument was built in 1877, during his lifetime. It was the first statue to be erected in Bismarck's honour.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Independence Arch (Accra)", "paragraph_text": "The Independence Arch in Accra, Ghana, is part of the Independence Square which contains monuments to Ghana's independence struggle, including the Independence Arch, Black Star Gate, and the Liberation Day Monument.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Granada", "paragraph_text": "The Alhambra is a Nasrid \"palace city\". It was declared a World Heritage site by UNESCO in 1984. It is certainly Granada's most emblematic monument and one of the most visited in Spain. It consists of a defensive zone, the Alcazaba, together with others of a residential and formal state character, the Nasrid Palaces and, lastly, the palace, gardens and orchards of the Generalife.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Hyderabad", "paragraph_text": "Qutb Shahi architecture of the 16th and early 17th centuries followed classical Persian architecture featuring domes and colossal arches. The oldest surviving Qutb Shahi structure in Hyderabad is the ruins of Golconda fort built in the 16th century. The Charminar, Mecca Masjid, Charkaman and Qutb Shahi tombs are other existing structures of this period. Among these the Charminar has become an icon of the city; located in the centre of old Hyderabad, it is a square structure with sides 20 m (66 ft) long and four grand arches each facing a road. At each corner stands a 56 m (184 ft)-high minaret. Most of the historical bazaars that still exist were constructed on the street north of Charminar towards Golconda fort. The Charminar, Qutb Shahi tombs and Golconda fort are considered to be monuments of national importance in India; in 2010 the Indian government proposed that the sites be listed for UNESCO World Heritage status.:11–18", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "National Monument (Malaysia)", "paragraph_text": "The National Monument is a sculpture that commemorates those who died in Malaysia's struggle for freedom, principally against the Japanese occupation during World War II and the Malayan Emergency, which lasted from 1948 until 1960. It is located in the Federal capital, Kuala Lumpur. The Malaysian Houses of Parliament are situated near the monument.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Natural Bridge State Park (Wisconsin)", "paragraph_text": "Natural Bridge State Park is a state park of Wisconsin, United States, featuring Wisconsin's largest natural arch. Directly beneath the arch is the Raddatz Rockshelter, a rock shelter once used by Paleo-Indians and now listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The park is located southwest of Baraboo between the unincorporated communities of Leland and Denzer, in the town of Honey Creek.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Gateway Arch", "paragraph_text": "Built as a monument to the westward expansion of the United States, the arch typifies ``the pioneer spirit of the men and women who won the West, and those of a latter day to strive on other frontiers. ''The arch has become the iconic image of St. Louis, appearing in many parts of city culture. In 1968, three years after the monument's opening, the St. Louis phone directory contained 65 corporations with`` Gateway'' in their title and 17 with ``Arch ''. Arches also appeared over gas stations and drive - in restaurants. In the 1970s, a local sports team adopted the name`` Fighting Arches''; St. Louis Community College would later (when consolidating all athletic programs under a single banner) name its sports teams ``Archers ''. Robert S. Chandler, an NPS superintendent, said,`` Most (visitors) are awed by the size and scale of the Arch, but they do n't understand what it's all about... Too many people see it as just a symbol of the city of St. Louis.''", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 79422, "question": "what is the most visited location in the world", "answer": "France", "paragraph_support_idx": 7 }, { "id": 71191, "question": "what lies beneath the arch monument in #1", "answer": "the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier from World War I", "paragraph_support_idx": 5 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "2018 FIFA World Cup qualification", "paragraph_text": "The 2018 FIFA World Cup qualification process is a series of tournaments organised by the six FIFA confederations to decide 31 of the 32 teams which will play in the 2018 FIFA World Cup, with Russia qualifying automatically as hosts. All 210 remaining FIFA member associations were eligible to enter the qualifying process, and for the first time in World Cup history, all eligible national teams registered for the preliminary competition, but Zimbabwe and Indonesia were disqualified before playing their first matches. Bhutan, South Sudan, Gibraltar and Kosovo made their FIFA World Cup qualification debuts. Myanmar, having successfully appealed against a ban from the competition for crowd trouble during a 2014 World Cup qualifying tie against Oman, were obliged to play all their home matches outside the country.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "2011 FIFA Beach Soccer World Cup", "paragraph_text": "The 2011 FIFA Beach Soccer World Cup was the sixth edition of the FIFA Beach Soccer World Cup, governed by FIFA. Previous editions before 2005 were not governed by FIFA and were held under the title \"Beach Soccer World Championships\". Overall this was the 16th edition of the World Cup since its establishment in 1995. It took place at the Stadio del Mare (Stadium of the Sea), a temporary stadium at the Marina di Ravenna in Ravenna, Italy, the third tournament to take place outside Brazil, which started on September 1 and ended on September 11, 2011. However this was the first tournament to take place under the new two year basis; now the FIFA Beach Soccer World Cup takes place once every two years. The tournament was confirmed in March 2010. Brazil were the defending champions, after winning their fourth FIFA Beach Soccer World Cup title in 2009. The tournament was won by Russia, winning their first title in their first final after beating Brazil.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "2018 FIFA World Cup", "paragraph_text": "2018 FIFA World Cup Чемпионат мира по футболу FIFA 2018 Chempionat mira po futbolu FIFA 2018 2018 FIFA World Cup official logo Tournament details Host country Russia Dates 14 June -- 15 July Teams 32 (from 5 confederations) Venue (s) 12 (in 11 host cities) Final positions Champions France (2nd title) Runners - up Croatia Third place Belgium Fourth place England Tournament statistics Matches played 64 Goals scored 169 (2.64 per match) Attendance 3,031,768 (47,371 per match) Top scorer (s) Harry Kane (6 goals) Best player (s) Luka Modrić Best young player Kylian Mbappé Best goalkeeper Thibaut Courtois Fair play award Spain ← 2014 2022 →", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 3, "title": "FIFA World Cup", "paragraph_text": "FIFA World Cup Founded 1930; 87 years ago (1930) Region International (FIFA) Number of teams 32 (finals) 211 (eligible to enter qualification) Related competitions FIFA Confederations Cup Current champions Germany (4th title) Most successful team (s) Brazil (5 titles) Television broadcasters List of broadcasters Website www.fifa.com/worldcup/ 2018 FIFA World Cup", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "2016 FIFA Club World Cup", "paragraph_text": "The 2016 FIFA Club World Cup (officially known as the FIFA Club World Cup Japan 2016 presented by Alibaba YunOS Auto for sponsorship reasons) was the 13th edition of the FIFA Club World Cup, a FIFA - organised international club football tournament between the champion clubs from each of the six continental confederations, as well as the national league champion from the host country. The tournament was hosted by Japan. Real Madrid won their second Club World Cup, defeating hosts Kashima Antlers in the final.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "2014 FIFA World Cup", "paragraph_text": "2014 FIFA World Cup Copa do Mundo da FIFA Brasil 2014 2014 FIFA World Cup official logo Juntos num só ritmo (Together in one rhythm) Tournament details Host country Brazil Dates 12 June -- 13 July Teams 32 (from 5 confederations) Venue (s) 12 (in 12 host cities) Final positions Champions Germany (4th title) Runners - up Argentina Third place Netherlands Fourth place Brazil Tournament statistics Matches played 64 Goals scored 171 (2.67 per match) Attendance 3,429,873 (53,592 per match) Top scorer (s) James Rodríguez (6 goals) Best player (s) Lionel Messi Best young player Paul Pogba Best goalkeeper Manuel Neuer Fair play award Colombia ← 2010 2018 →", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "2002 FIFA World Cup", "paragraph_text": "2002 FIFA World Cup 2002 FIFA 월드컵한국 / 일본 2002 FIFA Woldeu Keob Hanguk / Ilbon 2002 FIFA ワールドカップ韓国 / 日本 2002 FIFA Waarudo Kappu Kankoku / Nihon 2002 FIFA World Cup official logo Tournament details Host countries South Korea Japan Dates 31 May -- 30 June Teams 32 (from 5 confederations) Venue (s) 20 (in 20 host cities) Final positions Champions Brazil (5th title) Runners - up Germany Third place Turkey Fourth place South Korea Tournament statistics Matches played 64 Goals scored 161 (2.52 per match) Attendance 2,705,197 (42,269 per match) Top scorer (s) Ronaldo (8 goals) Best player Oliver Kahn Best young player Landon Donovan Best goalkeeper Oliver Kahn Fair play award Belgium ← 1998 2006 →", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "2014 FIFA World Cup", "paragraph_text": "2014 FIFA World Cup Copa do Mundo da FIFA Brasil 2014 2014 FIFA World Cup official logo Juntos num só ritmo (Together in one rhythm) Tournament details Host country Brazil Dates 12 June -- 13 July Teams 32 (from 5 confederations) Venue (s) 12 (in 12 host cities) Final positions Champions Germany (4th title) Runners - up Argentina Third place Netherlands Fourth place Brazil Tournament statistics Matches played 64 Goals scored 171 (2.67 per match) Attendance 3,429,873 (53,592 per match) Top scorer (s) James Rodríguez (6 goals) Best player Lionel Messi Best young player Paul Pogba Best goalkeeper Manuel Neuer Fair play award Colombia ← 2010 2018 →", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "2018 FIFA World Cup", "paragraph_text": "The 2018 FIFA World Cup was the 21st FIFA World Cup, an international football tournament contested by the men's national teams of the member associations of FIFA once every four years. It took place in Russia from 14 June to 15 July 2018. It was the first World Cup to be held in Eastern Europe, and the 11th time that it had been held in Europe. At an estimated cost of over $14.2 billion, it was the most expensive World Cup. It was also the first World Cup to use the video assistant referee (VAR) system.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Germany at the FIFA World Cup", "paragraph_text": "For Germany's World Cup history, FIFA considers only the teams managed by the Deutscher Fußball - Bund, comprising three different periods: Germany (during Nazi era), West Germany and reunified Germany. The Germany national football team is one of the most successful national teams at the FIFA World Cup, winning four titles, earning second - place and third - place finishes four times each and one fourth - place finish. If you consider 3rd place or better for a winning campaign, Germany's 12 victories in 18 tournaments -- a 66.6667 percent success rate -- surpasses every other team. In addition, Germany are the only team which has stood on the podium (3rd place or better) every decade they entered the tournament -- 1930s, 1950s, 1960s, 1970s, 1980s, 1990s, 2000s and 2010s. Along with Argentina, Brazil and Spain, they are one of the four national teams to win outside their continental confederation, with the title of the 2014 FIFA World Cup in South America. The team was present in 19 out of the 21 tournaments, the second most frequent, and only once did not reach the quarterfinals, in 1938. With this, Germany's 8th place or better (quarterfinals) in 17 out of 18 tournaments (94%) ranks highest in FIFA World Cup Finals history. It makes Germany the better team in the history of the tournament in terms of final positions, if points were awarded proportionally for a title, runner - up finish, third - place finish, semi-final and quarter - final appearances.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Germany national football team", "paragraph_text": "Germany is one of the most successful national teams in international competitions, having won four World Cups (1954, 1974, 1990, 2014), three European Championships (1972, 1980, 1996), and one Confederations Cup (2017). They have also been runners-up three times in the European Championships, four times in the World Cup, and a further four third-place finishes at World Cups. East Germany won Olympic Gold in 1976.Germany is the only nation to have won both the FIFA World Cup and the FIFA Women's World Cup.At the end of the 2014 World Cup, Germany earned the highest Elo rating of any national football team in history, with a record 2205 points. Germany is also the only European nation that has won a FIFA World Cup in the Americas. The manager of the national team is Joachim Löw.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "2008 FIFA Beach Soccer World Cup", "paragraph_text": "The 2008 FIFA Beach Soccer World Cup was the fourth edition of the FIFA Beach Soccer World Cup, governed by FIFA. Previous editions before 2005 were not governed by FIFA and were held under the title \"Beach Soccer World Championships\". Overall, this was the fourteenth edition of the World Cup since its establishment in 1995. It took place in Marseille, France, in the Plages du Prado. It was the first tournament to take place outside Brazil, from 17–27 July 2008. The winners of the tournament were Brazil, who won their third consecutive FIFA Beach Soccer World Cup title and their twelfth title overall.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Argentina at the FIFA World Cup", "paragraph_text": "This is a record of Argentina's results at the FIFA World Cup. Argentina is one of the most successful national football teams in the world, having won two World Cups in 1978 and 1986. Argentina has been runners up three times in 1930, 1990 and 2014. The team was present in all but four of the World Cups, being behind only Brazil, Italy and Germany in number of appearances. Argentina has also won the Copa América 14 times, one less than Uruguay. Moreover, Argentina has also won the Confederations Cup and the gold medal at the 2004 and 2008 Olympic football tournament. Prior to that, Argentina won two silver medals in the 1928 and 1996 editions. On other levels of international competition, Argentina has won the FIFA U-20 World Cup a record six times. The FIFA U-17 World Cup is the only FIFA international competition yet to be won by Argentina.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "2002 FIFA World Cup", "paragraph_text": "The 2002 FIFA World Cup was the 17th staging of the FIFA World Cup which took place from 31 May to 30 June 2002 in South Korea and Japan. This world cup set a number of precedents. It was the first World Cup to be held in Asia. No previous World Cup was held on a continent other than Europe or the Americas. It was also the first World Cup to be jointly hosted by more than one nation. Finally, this was the last event to use the golden goal rule. Brazil won the tournament for a record fifth time, winning the final against Germany 2 -- 0. The victory meant Brazil qualified for the 2005 FIFA Confederations Cup for the fifth time, representing the World. In the third place play - off match against South Korea, Turkey won 3 -- 2 taking third place in only their second ever FIFA World Cup finals. China PR, Ecuador, Senegal and Slovenia made their first appearances at the finals.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "2018 FIFA World Cup qualification", "paragraph_text": "The 2018 FIFA World Cup qualification process is a series of tournaments organised by the six FIFA confederations to decide 31 of the 32 teams which will play in the 2018 FIFA World Cup, with Russia qualifying automatically as hosts. All 210 remaining FIFA member associations were eligible to enter the qualifying process, and for the first time in World Cup history, all eligible national teams registered for the preliminary competition, but Zimbabwe and Indonesia were disqualified before playing their first matches. Bhutan, South Sudan, Gibraltar and Kosovo made their FIFA World Cup qualification debuts.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Germany at the FIFA World Cup", "paragraph_text": "For Germany's World Cup history, FIFA considers only the teams managed by the Deutscher Fußball - Bund, comprising three periods: Germany (during Nazi era), West Germany and reunified Germany. The Germany national football team is one of the most successful national teams at the FIFA World Cup, winning four titles, earning second - place and third - place finishes four times each and one fourth - place finish. If you consider 3rd place or better for a winning campaign, Germany's 12 victories in 19 tournaments add up to at least three more than any other nation. In addition, Germany are the only team which has stood on the podium (3rd place or better) every decade there was a tournament held -- 1930s, 1950s, 1960s, 1970s, 1980s, 1990s, 2000s and 2010s. Along with Argentina, Brazil and Spain, they are one of the four national teams to win outside their continental confederation, with the title of the 2014 FIFA World Cup in South America. The team was present in 19 out of the 21 tournaments, the second most frequent, and only did not reach the quarterfinals twice, in 1938 and 2018. With this, Germany's 8th place or better (quarterfinals) in 17 out of 19 tournaments (89%) ranks highest in FIFA World Cup Finals history. It makes Germany the better team in the history of the tournament in terms of final positions, if points were awarded proportionally for a title, runner - up finish, third - place finish, semi-final and quarter - final appearances.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Association football", "paragraph_text": "After the World Cup, the most important international football competitions are the continental championships, which are organised by each continental confederation and contested between national teams. These are the European Championship (UEFA), the Copa América (CONMEBOL), African Cup of Nations (CAF), the Asian Cup (AFC), the CONCACAF Gold Cup (CONCACAF) and the OFC Nations Cup (OFC). The FIFA Confederations Cup is contested by the winners of all six continental championships, the current FIFA World Cup champions and the country which is hosting the Confederations Cup. This is generally regarded as a warm-up tournament for the upcoming FIFA World Cup and does not carry the same prestige as the World Cup itself. The most prestigious competitions in club football are the respective continental championships, which are generally contested between national champions, for example the UEFA Champions League in Europe and the Copa Libertadores in South America. The winners of each continental competition contest the FIFA Club World Cup.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Association football", "paragraph_text": "The major international competition in football is the World Cup, organised by FIFA. This competition takes place every four years since 1930 with the exception of 1942 and 1946 tournaments, which were cancelled due to World War II. Approximately 190–200 national teams compete in qualifying tournaments within the scope of continental confederations for a place in the finals. The finals tournament, which is held every four years, involves 32 national teams competing over a four-week period. The World Cup is the most prestigious association football tournament in the world as well as the most widely viewed and followed sporting event in the world, exceeding even the Olympic Games; the cumulative audience of all matches of the 2006 FIFA World Cup was estimated to be 26.29 billion with an estimated 715.1 million people watching the final match, a ninth of the entire population of the planet. The current champion is France, which won its second title at the 2018 tournament in Russia. FIFA Women's World Cup has been held every four years since 1991. Under the tournament's current format, national teams vie for 23 slots in a three-year qualification phase. (The host nation's team is automatically entered as the 24th slot.) The current champion is the United States, after winning their third title in the 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Croatia national football team", "paragraph_text": "Croatia qualified for and competed in three consecutive World Cup tournaments between 1998 and 2006, but failed to qualify for the 2010 World Cup in South Africa after finishing 3rd in Group 6 behind England and Ukraine. Although they had joined both FIFA and UEFA by 1992, they were unable to enter the 1994 World Cup as qualification had started before the side was officially recognised as a state. In the following three World Cup groups they were eliminated after finishing third in all of them, before finally advancing further than the group stage at the 2018 World Cup. On 11 July 2018, Croatia won their semi-final match against England, advancing the national team to their first FIFA World Cup final wherein they secured second place as runners - up against winners France. Supplanting their third place positioning in 1998, this is the nation's best performance to date.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "2018 FIFA World Cup qualification", "paragraph_text": "The 2018 FIFA World Cup qualification process was a series of tournaments organised by the six FIFA confederations to decide 31 of the 32 teams which would play in the 2018 FIFA World Cup, with Russia qualifying automatically as hosts. All 210 remaining FIFA member associations were eligible to enter the qualifying process, and for the first time in World Cup history, all eligible national teams registered for the preliminary competition, but Zimbabwe and Indonesia were disqualified before playing their first matches. Bhutan, South Sudan, Gibraltar and Kosovo made their FIFA World Cup qualification debuts. Myanmar, having successfully appealed against a ban from the competition for crowd trouble during a 2014 World Cup qualifying tie against Oman, were obliged to play all their home matches outside the country.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 35466, "question": "The FIFA Confederations Cups is usually considered a warm-up for what?", "answer": "FIFA World Cup", "paragraph_support_idx": 16 }, { "id": 46468, "question": "who won third place in #1 2018", "answer": "Belgium", "paragraph_support_idx": 2 } ]

[ "BEL", "be" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Tokyo Game Show", "paragraph_text": "The first Tokyo Game Show was held in 1996. From 1996 to 2002, the show was held twice a year: once in the Spring and once in Autumn (in the Tokyo Big Sight). Since 2002, the show has been held once a year. It attracts more visitors every year. 2011’s show hosted over 200,000 attendees and the 2012 show bringing in 223,753. The busiest TGS was in 2016 with 271,224 people in attendance and 614 companies had exhibits. The event has been held annually since 1996 and was never canceled. The 20th anniversary of TGS was celebrated in 2016.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Valencia", "paragraph_text": "During the 20th century Valencia remained the third most populous city of Spain as its population tripled, rising from 213,550 inhabitants in 1900 to 739,014 in 2000. Valencia was also third in industrial and economic development; notable milestones include urban expansion of the city in the latter 1800s, the creation of the Banco de Valencia in 1900, construction of the Central and Columbus markets, and the construction of the Gare du Nord railway station, completed in 1921. The new century was marked in Valencia with a major event, the Valencian regional exhibition of 1909 (La Exposición Regional Valenciana de 1909), which emulated the national and universal expositions held in other cities. This production was promoted by the Ateneo Mercantil de Valencia (Mercantile Athenaeum of Valencia), especially by its chairman, Tomás Trénor y Palavicino, and had the support of the Government and the Crown; it was officially inaugurated by King Alfonso XIII himself.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "World's fair", "paragraph_text": "The best - known 'first World Expo' was held in The Crystal Palace in Hyde Park, London, United Kingdom, in 1851, under the title ``Great Exhibition of the Works of Industry of All Nations ''. The Great Exhibition, as it is often called, was an idea of Prince Albert, Queen Victoria's husband, and is usually considered to be the first international exhibition of manufactured products. It influenced the development of several aspects of society, including art - and - design education, international trade and relations, and tourism. These events have resulted in a remarkable form of Prince Albert's life history, one that continues to be reflected in London architecture in a number of ways, including in the Albert Memorial later erected to the Prince. This expo was the most obvious precedent for the many international exhibitions, later called world's fairs, that have continued to be held to the present time.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Hyde Park, London", "paragraph_text": "The park was established by Henry VIII in 1536 when he took the land from Westminster Abbey and used it as a hunting ground. It opened to the public in 1637 and quickly became popular, particularly for May Day parades. Major improvements occurred in the early 18th century under the direction of Queen Caroline. Several duels took place in Hyde Park during this time, often involving members of the nobility. The Great Exhibition of 1851 was held in the park, for which The Crystal Palace, designed by Joseph Paxton, was erected.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "French Canadians", "paragraph_text": "French Canadians (also referred to as Franco - Canadians or Canadiens; French: Canadien (ne) s français (es)) are an ethnic group who trace their ancestry to French colonists who settled in Canada from the 17th century onward. Today, French Canadians constitute the main French - speaking population in Canada, accounting for about 22 per cent of the country's total population. The majority of French Canadians reside in Quebec, where they constitute the majority of the province's population, although French Canadian and francophone minority communities exist in all other Canadian provinces and territories as well.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Republic of Karelia", "paragraph_text": "According to the 2010 Census, ethnic Russians make up 82.2% of the republic's population, ethnic Karelians 7.4%. Other groups include Belarusians (3.8%), Ukrainians (2%), Finns (1.4%), Vepsians (0.5%), and a host of smaller groups, each accounting for less than 0.5% of the total population.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Great Exhibition", "paragraph_text": "The Great Exhibition of the Works of Industry of All Nations was organized by Prince Albert, Henry Cole, Francis Henry, George Wallis, Charles Dilke and other members of the Royal Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures and Commerce as a celebration of modern industrial technology and design. It was arguably a response to the highly successful French Industrial Exposition of 1844: indeed, its prime motive was for Britain to make ``clear to the world its role as industrial leader ''. Prince Albert, Queen Victoria's consort, was an enthusiastic promoter of the self - financing exhibition; the government was persuaded to form the Royal Commission for the Exhibition of 1851 to establish the viability of hosting such an exhibition. Queen Victoria and her family visited three times. Although the Great Exhibition was a platform on which countries from around the world could display their achievements, Britain sought to prove its own superiority. The British exhibits at the Great Exhibition`` held the lead in almost every field where strength, durability, utility and quality were concerned, whether in iron and steel, machinery or textiles.'' Britain also sought to provide the world with the hope of a better future. Europe had just struggled through ``two difficult decades of political and social upheaval, ''and now Britain hoped to show that technology, particularly its own, was the key to a better future.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Exposition des primitifs flamands à Bruges", "paragraph_text": "The Exposition des primitifs flamands à Bruges (Exhibition of Flemish Primitives at Bruges) was an art exhibition of paintings by the so-called Flemish Primitives (nowadays usually called Early Netherlandish painters) held in the Provinciaal Hof in Bruges between 15 June and 5 October 1902.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Exhibition game", "paragraph_text": "Various auto racing organizations hold exhibition events; these events usually award no championship points to participants, but they do offer prize money to participants. The NASCAR Sprint Cup Series holds two exhibition events annually - the Sprint Unlimited, held at Daytona International Speedway at the start of the season, and the NASCAR Sprint All-Star Race, held at Charlotte Motor Speedway midway through the season. Both events carry a hefty purse of over USD $1,000,000. NASCAR has also held exhibition races at Suzuka Circuit and Twin Ring Motegi in Japan and Calder Park Thunderdome in Australia.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Mile 91, Sierra Leone", "paragraph_text": "Mile 91 is a major trading town in Tonkolili District in Northern Province of Sierra Leone. As its name suggest, Mile 91 is exactly 91 miles from Freetown and is located on the main highway linking Freetown, to Makeni and Bo. The population of the town is ethnically diverse, although the Temne people make up the majority of the population.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Kristians Tonny", "paragraph_text": "During the late 1930s Surrealist exhibitions were held in a number of major European cities and together with Georges Hugnet, Kristians Tonny was involved in organizing the first international Surrealist exhibition in the Netherlands, held in the art gallery owned by his parents, \"Galerie Robert\" in Amsterdam. Although a major event, the exhibition was not a complete success. The reason for this was that, with the exception of Kristians Tonny, no Dutch Surrealists (such as J.H. Moesman en Willem Wagenaar) were invited. The reason for this being that Georges Hugnet didn’t believe that, with the exception of Kristians Tonny, there were any Dutch Surrealists. Among those that did participate were André Breton, Max Ernst, Paul Eluard, E.L.T. Mésens and others. As a consequence, in the Netherlands a major interest in Surrealism didn’t happen until the 1960s, something that would, after his return to the Netherlands in 1949, prove to be a major inconvenience to Kristians Tonny in finding an audience for his work.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Independence Museum of Azerbaijan", "paragraph_text": "There are masterpieces of art and architecture, maps, pictures, books, currencies and other exhibits in the Independence Museum of Azerbaijan. A lot of expositions and activities dedicated to historical events are held in the exposition of the museum.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "General Satellite", "paragraph_text": "June 17–19, 2010During Petersburg Economic Forum, President of the Russian Federation D.A. Medvedev visited the exhibit of the Commission on modernization and technological development of the economy of Russia, where he watched the demonstration of Corporation’s developments in the field of 3D TV, namely, the first Russian 3D channel – 3DV.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Statehood movement in Puerto Rico", "paragraph_text": "The statehood movement in Puerto Rico aims to make Puerto Rico a state of the United States. Five referenda have been held on the topic, most recently in 2017. The population of Puerto Rico as of 2015 was over 3 million people and larger than 21 states.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Yoruba people", "paragraph_text": "The Yoruba people (Yoruba: Ìran Yorùbá, lit. 'Yoruba lineage'; also known as Àwon omo Yorùbá, lit. 'Children of Yoruba', or simply as the Yoruba) are an ethnic group of southwestern and north - central Nigeria, as well as southern and central Benin. Together, these regions are known as Yorubaland. The Yoruba constitute over 40 million people in total. The majority of this population is from Nigeria, and the Yoruba make up 21% of the country's population, according to the CIA World Factbook, making them one of the largest ethnic groups in Africa. The majority of the Yoruba speak the Yoruba language, which is tonal, and is the Niger - Congo language with the largest number of native speakers.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Daisy Bates at Ooldea", "paragraph_text": "\"Daisy Bates at Ooldea\" was acquired by the National Gallery of Australia in 1987. It was included in the 2000 international exhibition \"\", held at the National Portrait Gallery in London.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Sammy Baloji", "paragraph_text": "Sammy Baloji is a photographer from the Democratic Republic of the Congo. He works in Lubumbashi and Brussels, and held exhibitions in Amsterdam, Paris, Brussels, Bilbao, Cape Town and Bamako.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Nyíregyháza", "paragraph_text": "Nyíregyháza (, ; ) is a city in northeastern Hungary and the county capital of Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg. With a population of 118,000, it is the seventh-largest city in Hungary and is one of the leading cities of Northern Hungary and of the northern part of the Great Hungarian Plain (Alföld). Its development has been ongoing since the 18th century, making it the economic and cultural center of the region. Its zoo, exhibiting more than 500 species, including rarities, is recognized throughout Europe.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Race and ethnicity in the United States", "paragraph_text": "As of July 2016, White Americans are the racial majority. African Americans are the largest racial minority, amounting to an estimated 12.7% of the population. Hispanic and Latino Americans amount to an estimated 17.8% of the total U.S. population, making up the largest ethnic minority. The White, non-Hispanic or Latino population make up 61.3% of the nation's total, with the total White population (including White Hispanics and Latinos) being 76.9%.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Raymond Duchamp-Villon", "paragraph_text": "In 1913 he took part in exhibitions at the Galerie André Groult in Paris, the Galerie S. V. U. Mánes in Prague, and in 1914 at Der Sturm Gallery in Berlin. During World War I Raymond Duchamp-Villon served in the French army in a medical capacity, but still worked on his major cubist sculpture, \"The Large Horse\".", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 159224, "question": "where was the exhibit held?", "answer": "Russia", "paragraph_support_idx": 12 }, { "id": 162531, "question": "Who makes up the majority of #1 's population?", "answer": "ethnic Russians", "paragraph_support_idx": 5 } ]

[ "Russians", "Russian" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Belousov Point", "paragraph_text": "Belousov Point () is an ice-covered headland forming the southern tip of the Anderson Peninsula, located just north of the terminus of Suvorov Glacier, situated in Victoria Land, Antarctica. The geographical headland was first mapped by the Soviet Antarctic Expedition of 1958 and named for the Soviet polar captain Mikhail P. Belousov, 1904–46. The headland lies on the Pennell Coast, a portion of Antarctica lying between Cape Williams and Cape Adare.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Metropolis Coffee Company", "paragraph_text": "Metropolis Coffee Company is a coffee roasting company, wholesaler and retailer with locations at 1039 W. Granville Avenue and 3057 N. Rockwell Avenue in Chicago, Illinois. The company supplies coffee to hundreds of cafes and restaurants throughout the US, Canada, and Korea. In 2005, they were named by \"Newcity\" as the best place in Chicago to buy coffee beans and noted for their donation of $2 to Oxfam for Tsunami for each pound of beans purchased. Metropolis is also a back-to-back winner of the Good Food Awards, and winner of Roast Magazine's Roaster of the Year - A national roasting competition.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "New Amsterdam", "paragraph_text": "New Amsterdam (Dutch: Nieuw Amsterdam) was a 17th - century Dutch settlement established at the southern tip of Manhattan Island that served as the seat of the colonial government in New Netherland. The factorij became a settlement outside of Fort Amsterdam. The fort was situated on the strategic southern tip of the island of Manhattan and was meant to defend the fur trade operations of the Dutch West India Company in the North River (Hudson River). In 1624, it became a provincial extension of the Dutch Republic and was designated as the capital of the province in 1625.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "South Africa", "paragraph_text": "The name ``South Africa ''is derived from the country's geographic location at the southern tip of Africa. Upon formation the country was named the Union of South Africa in English, reflecting its origin from the unification of four formerly separate British colonies. Since 1961 the long form name in English has been the`` Republic of South Africa''. In Dutch the country was named Republiek van Zuid - Afrika, replaced in 1983 by the Afrikaans Republiek van Suid - Afrika. Since 1994 the Republic has had an official name in each of its 11 official languages.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "New York City", "paragraph_text": "New York City is located on one of the world's largest natural harbors, and the boroughs of Manhattan and Staten Island are (primarily) coterminous with islands of the same names, while Queens and Brooklyn are located at the west end of the larger Long Island, and The Bronx is located at the southern tip of New York State's mainland. This situation of boroughs separated by water led to the development of an extensive infrastructure of bridges and tunnels. Nearly all of the city's major bridges and tunnels are notable, and several have broken or set records.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Coffee", "paragraph_text": "Coffee is a brewed drink prepared from roasted coffee beans, which are the seeds of berries from the Coffea plant. The genus Coffea is native to tropical Africa (specifically having its origin in Ethiopia and Sudan) and Madagascar, the Comoros, Mauritius, and Réunion in the Indian Ocean. The plant was exported from Africa to countries around the world. Coffee plants are now cultivated in over 70 countries, primarily in the equatorial regions of the Americas, Southeast Asia, India, and Africa. The two most commonly grown are the highly regarded arabica, and the less sophisticated but stronger and hardier robusta. Once ripe, coffee berries are picked, processed, and dried. Dried coffee seeds (referred to as beans) are roasted to varying degrees, depending on the desired flavor. Roasted beans are ground and brewed with near - boiling water to produce coffee as a beverage.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Amundsen Sea", "paragraph_text": "The Amundsen Sea, an arm of the Southern Ocean off Marie Byrd Land in western Antarctica, lies between Cape Flying Fish (the northwestern tip of Thurston Island) to the east and Cape Dart on Siple Island to the west. Cape Flying Fish marks the boundary between the Amundsen Sea and the Bellingshausen Sea. West of Cape Dart there is no named marginal sea of the Southern Ocean between the Amundsen and Ross Seas. The Norwegian expedition of 1928–1929 under Captain Nils Larsen named the body of water for the Norwegian polar explorer Roald Amundsen while exploring this area in February 1929.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "New Amsterdam", "paragraph_text": "New Amsterdam (Dutch: Nieuw Amsterdam) was a 17th - century Dutch settlement established at the southern tip of Manhattan Island that served as the seat of the colonial government in New Netherland. The factorij became a settlement outside Fort Amsterdam. The fort was situated on the strategic southern tip of the island of Manhattan and was meant to defend the fur trade operations of the Dutch West India Company in the North River (Hudson River). In 1624, it became a provincial extension of the Dutch Republic and was designated as the capital of the province in 1625.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Playa Balandra", "paragraph_text": "Playa Balandra is a beach located on the Baja California Sur peninsula of Mexico in La Paz. It is located on the Eastern side of the peninsula, but faces west, as the southern tip comes up.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Seattle's Best Coffee", "paragraph_text": "In 1983, the name again changed from Stewart Brothers Wet Whisker to Stewart Brothers Coffee. Shortly after, business began to expand, and new shops opened in Bellevue, Washington, and in Seattle's historic Pike Place Market a year later. In 1991, the company was renamed \"Seattle's Best Coffee\" after winning a local competition. Around 1995, Seattle's Best Coffee was purchased by a group of investors who own Torrefazione Italia. They formed a new company made up of both parties called Seattle Coffee Holdings. In 1997, Seattle Coffee Holdings changed its name to Seattle Coffee Company.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Eugster/Frismag", "paragraph_text": "Eugster/Frismag AG, headquartered in Amriswil, Switzerland, is an OEM producer of home appliances, especially coffee machines which are sold under many well-known international brand names. Eugster/Frismag manufactures around 20% of all Nestle machines as well as other machines for brands such as Jura, Koenig, Melitta, Moulinex, or Turmix. The annual production totals 5 million coffee machines. Alongside Saeco, Eugster/Frismag is one of the world's largest producers of coffee machines.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Diane Coffee", "paragraph_text": "Diane Coffee is the stage name of musician and actor Shaun Fleming from Agoura Hills, California, United States. Diane Coffee released his debut LP \"My Friend Fish\" on October 29, 2013, via record label Western Vinyl.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Wellington", "paragraph_text": "Wellington / ˈwɛlɪŋtən / (Māori: Te Whanganui - a-Tara) is the capital city and second most populous urban area of New Zealand, with 405,000 residents. It is at the south - western tip of the North Island, between Cook Strait and the Rimutaka Range. Wellington is the major population centre of the southern North Island and is the administrative centre of the Wellington Region, which also includes the Kapiti Coast and Wairarapa. It is the world's windiest city, with an average wind speed of over 26 km / h, and the world's southernmost capital of a sovereign state.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Cape Jones", "paragraph_text": "Cape Jones () is the cape lying immediately southeast of Mount Lubbock and marking the southern tip of the Daniell Peninsula in Victoria Land, Antarctica. It was discovered in January 1841 by Sir James Clark Ross who named it for Captain William Jones, Royal Navy.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Kopi luwak", "paragraph_text": "Although kopi luwak is a form of processing rather than a variety of coffee, it has been called one of the most expensive coffees in the world with retail prices reaching €550 / US $700 per kilogram. The price of farmed (considered low - grade by connoisseurs) kopi luwak in large Indonesian supermarkets is from US $100 per kilogram (five times the price of a high quality local arabica coffee).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "First Mass in the Philippines", "paragraph_text": "The first Catholic Mass in the Philippines was held on March 31, 1521, Easter Sunday. It was said by Father Pedro de Valderrama along the shores of Limasawa at the tip of Southern Leyte. Limasawa is this popularly known as the birthplace of the Church in the Philippines.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Centurion Card", "paragraph_text": "Jerry Seinfeld claimed in a 2018 episode of his web show ``Comedians in Cars Getting Coffee ''(with guest John Mulaney) that American Express began issuing the Black Card after Seinfeld asked the Amex president about it, and that Seinfeld (who was their ad pitchman) was given the first one.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Cape of Good Hope", "paragraph_text": "A common misconception is that the Cape of Good Hope is the southern tip of Africa. This misconception was based on the misbelief that the Cape was the dividing point between the Atlantic and Indian Oceans. Contemporary geographic knowledge instead states the southernmost point of Africa is Cape Agulhas about 150 kilometres (90 mi) to the east - southeast. The currents of the two oceans meet at the point where the warm - water Agulhas current meets the cold water Benguela current and turns back on itself. That oceanic meeting point fluctuates between Cape Agulhas and Cape Point (about 1.2 kilometres (0.75 mi) east of the Cape of Good Hope).", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Comedians in Cars Getting Coffee", "paragraph_text": "Comedians in Cars Getting Coffee is an American web series talk show directed and hosted by comedian Jerry Seinfeld, distributed for the first nine seasons by digital network Crackle, then moving to Netflix for season ten (2018). The series premiered on July 19, 2012.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "South Korea", "paragraph_text": "South Korea occupies the southern portion of the Korean Peninsula, which extends some 1,100 km (680 mi) from the Asian mainland. This mountainous peninsula is flanked by the Yellow Sea to the west, and the Sea of Japan to the east. Its southern tip lies on the Korea Strait and the East China Sea.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 65690, "question": "where does most of the world get its coffee", "answer": "Africa", "paragraph_support_idx": 5 }, { "id": 85374, "question": "what is the name of the southern tip of #1", "answer": "Cape Agulhas", "paragraph_support_idx": 17 } ]

[ "Agulhas" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Nelson Mandela", "paragraph_text": "Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela (/ mænˈdɛlə /; 18 July 1918 -- 5 December 2013) was a South African anti-apartheid revolutionary, political leader, and philanthropist, who served as President of South Africa from 1994 to 1999. He was the country's first black head of state and the first elected in a fully representative democratic election. His government focused on dismantling the legacy of apartheid by tackling institutionalised racism and fostering racial reconciliation. Ideologically an African nationalist and socialist, he served as President of the African National Congress (ANC) party from 1991 to 1997.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Decolonisation of Africa", "paragraph_text": "On May 6, 1957, Ghana (formerly Gold Coast) became the first sub-Saharan African country to gain its independence from European colonization in the twentieth century.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "De vogels van Holland", "paragraph_text": "\"De vogels van Holland\" (\"The birds of Holland\") was the first Dutch entry in the Eurovision Song Contest 1956 (the only edition of the contest at which two entries per country were allowed). It was written by Annie M. G. Schmidt and performed in Dutch by Jetty Paerl. The song is particularly significant for being the first song performed in Eurovision Song Contest history, and the first of many to sing the praises of the singer's homeland.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Sander Westerveld", "paragraph_text": "Sander Westerveld (born 23 October 1974) is a Dutch former professional football goalkeeper who is the goalkeeping coach of South African Premier Soccer League club Ajax Cape Town.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Kingdom of Butua", "paragraph_text": "The Kingdom of Butua or Butwa (c. 1450 - 1683) was a pre-colonial African state located in what is now southwestern Zimbabwe. Butua was renowned as the source of gold for Arab and Portuguese traders. The region was first mentioned in Portuguese records in 1512.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Cape of Good Hope", "paragraph_text": "When following the western side of the African coastline from the equator, however, the Cape of Good Hope marks the point where a ship begins to travel more eastward than southward. Thus, the first modern rounding of the cape in 1488 by Portuguese explorer Bartolomeu Dias was a milestone in the attempts by the Portuguese to establish direct trade relations with the Far East (although Herodotus mentioned a claim that the Phoenicians had done so far earlier). Dias called the cape Cabo das Tormentas (``Cape of Storms ''; Dutch: Stormkaap), which was the original name of the`` Cape of Good Hope''.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Namibia", "paragraph_text": "The first newspaper in Namibia was the German-language Windhoeker Anzeiger, founded 1898. Radio was introduced in 1969, TV in 1981. During German rule, the newspapers mainly reflected the living reality and the view of the white German-speaking minority. The black majority was ignored or depicted as a threat. During South African rule, the white bias continued, with mentionable influence of the Pretoria government on the \"South West African\" media system. Independent newspapers were seen as a menace to the existing order, critical journalists threatened.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Laat me nu gaan", "paragraph_text": "\"Laat me nu gaan\" (\"Let Me Go Now\") was the Belgian entry in the Eurovision Song Contest 1985, performed in Dutch by Linda Lepomme.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Pieter van den Broecke", "paragraph_text": "Pieter van den Broecke (25 February 1585, Antwerp – 1 December 1640, Strait of Malacca) was a Dutch cloth merchant in the service of the Dutch East India Company (VOC), and one of the first Dutchmen to taste coffee. He also went to Angola three times. He was one of the first Europeans to describe societies in West and Central Africa and in detail trade strategies along the African coast.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Willem Eduard Bok Jr.", "paragraph_text": "Willem Eduard Bok Jr., (1 January 1880 in Pretoria, South African Republic – 29 October 1956 in Pretoria, Union of South Africa) was a South African lawyer, statesman and judge of Dutch descent.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "I've Got a Lovely Bunch of Coconuts", "paragraph_text": "The song appeared in I Could Go On Singing (1963), Judy Garland's last film. A portion of the song also appeared in Disney's 1994 The Lion King (sung by Rowan Atkinson). Nicolas Cage also sang part of this song in National Treasure: Book of Secrets. Ringo Starr sang an impromptu version of the song in Magical Mystery Tour, The Beatles' TV special broadcast by the BBC on 26 December 1967. Also, actors Hayden Rorke and Bill Daily performed a few lines of the song on ukulele in the 1969 I Dream of Jeannie episode ``Uncles a Go - Go. In the first episode of the 1977 sitcom Mind Your Language it is mentioned that a professor went crazy and sang this song.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "History of South Africa", "paragraph_text": "The establishment of the staging post by the Dutch East India Company at the Cape in 1652 soon brought the Khoikhoi into conflict with Dutch settlers over land ownership. Cattle rustling and livestock theft ensued, with the Khoikhoi being ultimately expelled from the peninsula by force, after a succession of wars. The first Khoikhoi - Dutch War broke out in 1659, the second in 1673, and the third 1674 -- 1677. By the time of their defeat and expulsion from the Cape Peninsula and surrounding districts, the Khoikhoi population was decimated by a smallpox epidemic, against which the Khoikhoi had no natural resistance or indigenous medicines. The disease had been brought to the Cape by Dutch sailors.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Decolonisation of Africa", "paragraph_text": "On 6 March 1957, Ghana (formerly the Gold Coast) became the first sub-Saharan African country to gain its independence from European colonization in the twentieth century.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Belarus", "paragraph_text": "The name \"Rus\" is often conflated with its Latin forms \"Russia\" and \"Ruthenia\", thus Belarus is often referred to as \"White Russia\" or \"White Ruthenia\". The name first appeared in German and Latin medieval literature; the chronicles of Jan of Czarnków mention the imprisonment of Lithuanian grand duke Jogaila and his mother at \"\" in 1381. In some languages, including German, Afrikaans and Dutch, the country is generally called \"White Russia\" to this day (' and ' respectively).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Let Her Go", "paragraph_text": "``Let Her Go ''was released in July 2012 as the second single from Passenger's third album All the Little Lights. The song became a hit first in the Netherlands after Dave, a Dutch fan, e-mailed Passenger expressing his wish to introduce the song to some Dutch radio stations, claiming it could be a hit there. This resulted in the song trending on Dutch stations and finding enormous commercial success with the Dutch public. The song became a hit first in the Netherlands, reaching number two in the Dutch Top 40 in November 2012 and spending a total of four non-consecutive weeks at that position.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "BRICS", "paragraph_text": "In 2010, South Africa began efforts to join the BRIC grouping, and the process for its formal admission began in August of that year. South Africa officially became a member nation on 24 December 2010, after being formally invited by China to join and subsequently accepted by other BRIC countries. The group was renamed BRICS – with the \"S\" standing for South Africa – to reflect the group's expanded membership. In April 2011, the President of South Africa, Jacob Zuma, attended the 2011 BRICS summit in Sanya, China, as a full member.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Namibia", "paragraph_text": "Compared to neighbouring countries, Namibia has a large degree of media freedom. Over the past years, the country usually ranked in the upper quarter of the Press Freedom Index of Reporters without Borders, reaching position 21 in 2010, being on par with Canada and the best-positioned African country. The African Media Barometer shows similarly positive results.[citation needed] However, as in other countries, there is still mentionable influence of representatives of state and economy on media in Namibia. In 2009, Namibia dropped to position 36 on the Press Freedom Index. In 2013, it was 19th. In 2014 it ranked 22nd", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "New York City", "paragraph_text": "The first non-Native American inhabitant of what would eventually become New York City was Dominican trader Juan Rodriguez (transliterated to Dutch as Jan Rodrigues). Born in Santo Domingo of Portuguese and African descent, he arrived in Manhattan during the winter of 1613–1614, trapping for pelts and trading with the local population as a representative of the Dutch. Broadway, from 159th Street to 218th Street, is named Juan Rodriguez Way in his honor.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "The Craziest Thing", "paragraph_text": "\"The Craziest Thing\" is a song recorded by Canadian country music artist Rick Tippe. It was released in 1996 as the first single from his second studio album, \"Get Hot or Go Home\". It peaked at number 9 on the \"RPM\" Country Tracks chart in January 1997.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Nigeria", "paragraph_text": "According to the International Organization for Migration, Nigeria witnessed a dramatic increase in remittances sent home from overseas Nigerians, going from USD 2.3 billion in 2004 to 17.9 billion in 2007. The United States accounts for the largest portion of official remittances, followed by the United Kingdom, Italy, Canada, Spain and France. On the African continent, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Chad, Libya and South Africa are important source countries of remittance flows to Nigeria, while China is the biggest remittance-sending country in Asia.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 159025, "question": "What African country is mentioned first?", "answer": "South Africa", "paragraph_support_idx": 15 }, { "id": 87065, "question": "when did the dutch go to #1", "answer": "1652", "paragraph_support_idx": 11 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Manokotak Airport", "paragraph_text": "Manokotak Airport is a state-owned public-use airport located one mile (2 km) north of the central business district of Manokotak, a city in the Dillingham Census Area of the U.S. state of Alaska.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Angelina County Airport", "paragraph_text": "Angelina County Airport is a county-owned, public-use airport in Angelina County, Texas, United States. The airport is located seven nautical miles (13 km) southwest of the central business district of Lufkin, Texas.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Tunica Municipal Airport", "paragraph_text": "Tunica Municipal Airport is a public use airport located one nautical mile (2 km) east of the central business district of Tunica, in Tunica County, Mississippi, United States. It is owned by the Tunica County Airport Commission. Also known as Tunica Airport, it should not be confused with the 10 acre privately owned, public use Tunica Airport located south of the center of town, which has been recently changed to Ralph M Sharpe Airport.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Bowers Mansion", "paragraph_text": "The Bowers Mansion, located between Reno and Carson City, Nevada, was built in 1863 by Lemuel \"Sandy\" Bowers and his wife, Eilley Orrum Bowers, and is a prime example of the homes built in Nevada by the new millionaires of the Comstock Lode mining boom.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Schaumburg Regional Airport", "paragraph_text": "Schaumburg Regional Airport is a public use airport located northwest of Chicago, in the village of Schaumburg, in Cook and DuPage counties, Illinois, United States. The airport is owned by the Village of Schaumburg.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Lake Billy Chinook Airport", "paragraph_text": "Lake Billy Chinook Airport, also known as Lake Billy Chinook State Airport, is a public use airport located six nautical miles (7 mi, 11 km) west of the central business district of Culver, a city in Jefferson County, Oregon, United States. The airport is privately owned, despite the name which might give the impression that it was owned by the state.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "LaBelle Municipal Airport", "paragraph_text": "LaBelle Municipal Airport is a public-use airport located south of the central business district of the city of LaBelle in Hendry County, Florida, United States. The airport is publicly owned.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Wolf Creek (Nevada County, California)", "paragraph_text": "Wolf Creek is a waterway in Nevada County, California, US. The creek is long. The watershed, approximately , is heavily mined. Most of the creek is situated in the lower montane zone. Its altitude ranges between (headwaters at Banner Mountain, also known as Banner Hill) to (confluence with the Bear River). Vegetation in the valley varies from alpine pines at higher elevations, to blue pines at mid elevations, and ponderosa pine mixed with evergreen forests at lower elevations. From 1850 to 1950 gold was mined in the rich formations of the Mother Lode in the heart of Banner Mountain.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Kennecott, Alaska", "paragraph_text": "Kennecott, also known as Kennicott and Kennecott Mines, is an abandoned mining camp in the Valdez - Cordova Census Area in the U.S. state of Alaska that was the center of activity for several copper mines. It is located beside the Kennicott Glacier, northeast of Valdez, inside Wrangell - St. Elias National Park and Preserve. The camp and mines are now a National Historic Landmark District administered by the National Park Service.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Appalachian Regional Airport", "paragraph_text": "Appalachian Regional Airport is a public use airport located eight nautical miles (9 mi, 15 km) east of the central business district of Williamson, a city in Mingo County, West Virginia, United States. It is owned by the Mingo County Airport Authority. The airport was built on a reclaimed mine site near Varney, West Virginia, and opened in 2012.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Lake Village Airport", "paragraph_text": "Lake Village Airport is a public-use airport located one mile (1.6 km) northwest of the central business district of Lake Village, in Newton County, Indiana, United States. The CTAF for the Airport is 122.9. This airport is privately owned by Michael Steinle.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Catoca diamond mine", "paragraph_text": "The Catoca diamond mine is the fourth largest diamond mine in the world, and is located in Angola. The mine is owned by a consortium of international mining interests, including Endiama (the state mining company of Angola) (32.8% ownership), Alrosa of Russia (32.8%), Odebrecht of Brazil (16.4%), and the Diamond Finance CY BV Group (16.8%). The mine is located on a kimberlite pipe.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Ofu Airport", "paragraph_text": "Ofu Airport is a public airport located one mile (2 km) southeast of the village of Ofu on the island of Ofu in American Samoa, an unincorporated territory of the United States. This airport is publicly owned by Government of American Samoa.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Roy Wilcox Airport", "paragraph_text": "Roy Wilcox Airport is a public use airport in Washington County, Alabama, United States. The airport is owned by the town of Chatom and located three nautical miles (6 km) east of its central business district.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Tuntutuliak Airport", "paragraph_text": "Tuntutuliak Airport is a state-owned public-use airport located one nautical mile (1.85 km) south of the central business district of Tuntutuliak, in the Bethel Census Area of the U.S. state of Alaska.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Alexandria Airport (New Jersey)", "paragraph_text": "Alexandria Airport is a public-use airport located in Alexandria Township, New Jersey, two nautical miles (3.704 km) west of Pittstown, in Hunterdon County, New Jersey, United States. The airport is privately owned.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Gold Harbour, British Columbia", "paragraph_text": "Gold Harbour, was a gold and silver mine and camp on Mitchell Inlet, part of Tasu Sound on Moresby Island in the Queen Charlotte Islands of the North Coast of British Columbia, Canada. It is notable as the location of the first lode mine worked in what is now British Columbia.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Mother Lode Acres, California", "paragraph_text": "Mother Lode Acres is an unincorporated community in Calaveras County, California. It lies at an elevation of 243 feet (74 m).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Virginia City, Nevada", "paragraph_text": "Virginia City sprang up as a boomtown with the 1859 discovery of the Comstock Lode, the first major silver deposit discovery in the United States, with numerous mines opening. At the city's peak of population in the mid-1870s, it had an estimated 25,000 residents. The mines' output declined after 1878, and the city itself declined as a result. As of the 2010 Census the population of Virginia City was about 855, and that of Storey County 4,000.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Yakataga Airport", "paragraph_text": "Yakataga Airport is a public use airport serving Yakataga (also known as Cape Yakataga) in the U.S. state of Alaska. It is owned by Federal Aviation Administration and lies in the western section of Yakutat Borough.", "is_supporting": true } ]

[ { "id": 129710, "question": "In which state is Yakataga Airport located?", "answer": "Alaska", "paragraph_support_idx": 19 }, { "id": 87516, "question": "who owns the mother lode mine in mccarthy #1", "answer": "the National Park Service", "paragraph_support_idx": 8 } ]

[ "National Park Service" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "The Big Comfy Couch", "paragraph_text": "Loonette is the lead character, portrayed by Alyson Court from 1992 -- 2002 and Ramona Gilmour - Darling in 2006 - 2007. She is a young clown living with her doll, Molly, on the eponymous Big Comfy Couch, an over-sized green couch with flower patterns on it. She wears a pink dress with purple sleeves and a white shirt with yellow clown suns and moons. She also wears a purple hat on her head and wears black and white socks with black shoes on her feet.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "History of the Philadelphia Eagles", "paragraph_text": "In exchange for an entry fee of $2,500, the Bell - Wray group was awarded the assets of the failed Yellow Jackets organization. Drawing inspiration from the insignia of the centerpiece of President Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal, specifically the National Recovery Act's ``blue eagle, ''Bell and Wray named the new franchise the Philadelphia Eagles, with Bell as president and general manager and Wray as head coach. Neither the Eagles nor the NFL officially regard the two franchises as the same, citing the aforementioned period of dormancy. The Eagles simply inherited the NFL rights to the Philadelphia area. Further, Wray and Bell assembled an almost entirely new team; only a single player from the 1931 Yellow Jackets ended up with the 1933 Eagles.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Acacia cowleana", "paragraph_text": "Acacia cowleana, Halls Creek wattle, is a northern Australian native shrub. It is a flowering plant with yellow flowers that only open in winter. Its origin is the Northern Australia's dry tropics. It belongs to the genus of \"Acacia\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In", "paragraph_text": "Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In (often simply referred to as Laugh-In) is an American sketch comedy television program that ran for 140 episodes from January 22, 1968 to March 12, 1973 on the NBC television network, hosted by comedians Dan Rowan and Dick Martin. It originally aired as a one-time special on September 9, 1967 and was such a success that it was brought back as a series, replacing \"The Man from U.N.C.L.E.\" on Mondays at 8 pm (ET).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Saint Barthélemy", "paragraph_text": "Other trees of note include the royal palm, sea grape trees in the form of shrubs on the beaches and as 5 to 7 m trees in the interior areas of the island, aloe or aloe vera (brought from the Mediterranean), the night blooming cereus, mamillaria nivosa, yellow prickly pear or barbary fig which was planted as barbed wire defences against invading British army in 1773, Mexican cactus, stapelia gigantea, golden trumpet or yellow bell which was originally from South America, bougainvillea and others.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Vicia lutea", "paragraph_text": "Vicia lutea (yellow vetch, smooth yellow vetch) is a plant species of the genus \"Vicia\". It is native to Europe, western Asia, and North Africa, and it is known on other continents as an introduced species. It is an annual herb. It has leaves made up of several pairs of oblong or linear leaflets each 1 to 2 centimeters long. It produces solitary flowers or clusters of up to 3 flowers with yellow or purple-tinged corollas up to 3 centimeters in length.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Altarpiece of Saints Ursula, Martin and Anthony", "paragraph_text": "The Altarpiece of Saints Ursula, Martin and Anthony is a reredo by the Spanish late Gothic painter Gonzalo Pérez, dating to 1420 and housed in the Museu de Belles Arts of Valencia, Spain.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Association football", "paragraph_text": "The referee may punish a player's or substitute's misconduct by a caution (yellow card) or dismissal (red card). A second yellow card at the same game leads to a red card, and therefore to a dismissal. A player given a yellow card is said to have been \"booked\", the referee writing the player's name in his official notebook. If a player has been dismissed, no substitute can be brought on in their place. Misconduct may occur at any time, and while the offences that constitute misconduct are listed, the definitions are broad. In particular, the offence of \"unsporting behaviour\" may be used to deal with most events that violate the spirit of the game, even if they are not listed as specific offences. A referee can show a yellow or red card to a player, substitute or substituted player. Non-players such as managers and support staff cannot be shown the yellow or red card, but may be expelled from the technical area if they fail to conduct themselves in a responsible manner.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Purple martin", "paragraph_text": "The purple martin migrates to the Amazon basin in winter. Its winter range extends into Ecuador but does not seem to ascend far up the Andean foothills.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Green", "paragraph_text": "In the subtractive color system, used in painting and color printing, green is created by a combination of yellow and blue, or yellow and cyan; in the RGB color model, used on television and computer screens, it is one of the additive primary colors, along with red and blue, which are mixed in different combinations to create all other colors. On the HSV color wheel, also known as the RGB color wheel, the complement of green is magenta; that is, a color corresponding to an equal mixture of red and blue light (one of the purples). On a traditional color wheel, based on subtractive color, the complementary color to green is considered to be red.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Euphorbia palustris", "paragraph_text": "Euphorbia palustris, the marsh spurge or marsh euphorbia, is a species of flowering plant in the family Euphorbiaceae, native to marshland throughout much of mainland Europe and western Asia. It is an herbaceous perennial growing to tall and wide, with narrow leaves turning red and yellow in autumn, and persistent, bright acid yellow flower-heads (cyathia), across, in spring.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Abandon (album)", "paragraph_text": "The album was followed by a successful 1998/1999 world tour which brought Deep Purple to Australia for the first time in 15 years. In 1999 a live album and DVD \"\" recorded in Melbourne on 20 April 1999 was released.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Bird migration", "paragraph_text": "Hunting along migration routes threatens some bird species. The populations of Siberian cranes (Leucogeranus leucogeranus) that wintered in India declined due to hunting along the route, particularly in Afghanistan and Central Asia. Birds were last seen in their favourite wintering grounds in Keoladeo National Park in 2002. Structures such as power lines, wind farms and offshore oil-rigs have also been known to affect migratory birds. Other migration hazards include pollution, storms, wildfires, and habitat destruction along migration routes, denying migrants food at stopover points. For example, in the East Asian–Australasian Flyway, up to 65% of key intertidal habitat at the Yellow Sea migration bottleneck has been destroyed since the 1950s.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Philadelphia Eagles", "paragraph_text": "The franchise was established in 1933 as a replacement for the bankrupt Frankford Yellow Jackets, when a group led by Bert Bell secured the rights to an NFL franchise in Philadelphia. Bell, Chuck Bednarik, Bob Brown, Brian Dawkins, Reggie White, Steve Van Buren, Tommy McDonald, Greasy Neale, Pete Pihos, Sonny Jurgensen, and Norm Van Brocklin have been inducted to the Pro Football Hall of Fame.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Lockheed Martin VH-71 Kestrel", "paragraph_text": "The Lockheed Martin VH-71 Kestrel was a variant of the AgustaWestland AW101 (formerly the EH101) that was being manufactured to replace the United States Marine Corps' Marine One U.S. Presidential transport fleet. Originally marketed for various competitions as the \"US101\", it was developed and manufactured in the US by a consortium headed by Lockheed Martin, consisting of Lockheed Martin Systems Integration – Owego (LMSI), AgustaWestland and Bell Helicopter.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Yellow", "paragraph_text": "Yellow is the color between orange and green on the spectrum of visible light. It is evoked by light with a dominant wavelength of roughly 570–590 nm. It is a primary color in subtractive color systems, used in painting or color printing. In the RGB color model, used to create colors on television and computer screens, yellow is a secondary color made by combining red and green at equal intensity. Carotenoids give the characteristic yellow color to autumn leaves, corn, canaries, daffodils, and lemons, as well as egg yolks, buttercups, and bananas. They absorb light energy and protect plants from photodamage. Sunlight has a slight yellowish hue when sun is near a horizon, due to atmosphere scattering shorter wavelengths (green, blue, and violet).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Lauren Fenmore", "paragraph_text": "Lauren Fenmore is a fictional character from the American CBS soap opera The Young and the Restless, portrayed by actress Tracey E. Bregman. Introduced by William J. Bell, the character made her debut during the episode airing on January 21, 1983. In 1992, Bregman brought the character to The Bold and the Beautiful, resulting in her migrating there fully in 1995.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Green", "paragraph_text": "Unfortunately for those who wanted or were required to wear green, there were no good vegetal green dyes which resisted washing and sunlight. Green dyes were made out of the fern, plantain, buckthorn berries, the juice of nettles and of leeks, the digitalis plant, the broom plant, the leaves of the fraxinus, or ash tree, and the bark of the alder tree, but they rapidly faded or changed color. Only in the 16th century was a good green dye produced, by first dyeing the cloth blue with woad, and then yellow with reseda luteola, also known as yellow-weed.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Grape", "paragraph_text": "Grapes are a type of fruit that grow in clusters of 15 to 300, and can be crimson, black, dark blue, yellow, green, orange, and pink. \"White\" grapes are actually green in color, and are evolutionarily derived from the purple grape. Mutations in two regulatory genes of white grapes turn off production of anthocyanins, which are responsible for the color of purple grapes. Anthocyanins and other pigment chemicals of the larger family of polyphenols in purple grapes are responsible for the varying shades of purple in red wines. Grapes are typically an ellipsoid shape resembling a prolate spheroid.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Purple martin", "paragraph_text": "Wintering in South America, purple martins migrate to North America in spring to breed. Spring migration is somewhat staggered, with arrivals in southern areas such as Florida and Texas in January, but showing up in the northern United States in April and in Canada as late as May. Males usually arrive at a site before females.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 39198, "question": "Where was the plant yellow bell brought from?", "answer": "South America", "paragraph_support_idx": 4 }, { "id": 43712, "question": "when do purple martins migrate to #1", "answer": "winter", "paragraph_support_idx": 8 } ]

[ "Winter" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "On Our Selection (1912 play)", "paragraph_text": "On Our Selection is a 1912 Australian play by Bert Bailey and Edmund Duggan based on the stories of Steele Rudd. Bailey played Dad Rudd in the original production.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Seattle", "paragraph_text": "Like most parts of the United States, government and laws are also run by a series of ballot initiatives (allowing citizens to pass or reject laws), referenda (allowing citizens to approve or reject legislation already passed), and propositions (allowing specific government agencies to propose new laws/tax increases directly to the people). Federally, Seattle is part of Washington's 7th congressional district, represented by Democrat Jim McDermott, elected in 1988 and one of Congress's liberal members. Ed Murray is currently serving as mayor.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 2, "title": "RuPaul's Drag Race", "paragraph_text": "RuPaul's Drag Race Genre Reality competition Directed by Nick Murray Judges RuPaul Merle Ginsberg Santino Rice Michelle Visage Billy Brasfield Ross Mathews Carson Kressley Theme music composer RuPaul Opening theme ``RuPaul's Drag Race ''theme (season 1 -- present) Ending theme`` Cover Girl (Put the Bass In Walk)'' (season 1) ``Jealous of My Boogie ''(season 2)`` Main Event'' (season 3) ``The Beginning ''(season 4 -- 5)`` Dance with U'' (season 6) ``Fly Tonight ''(season 7)`` Die Tomorrow'' (season 8) ``Be Someone ''&`` Kitty Girl'' (season 9) ``Rock It (To The Moon) ''(season 10) Country of origin United States Original language (s) English No. of seasons 10 No. of episodes 118 (list of episodes) Production Executive producer (s) Fenton Bailey Randy Barbato Tom Campbell RuPaul Steven Corfe Pamela Post Mandy Salangsang Chris McKim Camera setup Multiple Running time 42 -- 60 minutes Production company (s) World of Wonder Distributor Passion Distribution Release Original network Logo VH1 Picture format NTSC 480i HDTV 1080i Original release February 2, 2009 (2009 - 02 - 02) -- present (present) Chronology Related shows RuPaul's Drag Race: All Stars RuPaul's Drag U External links Website", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Bailey Gatzert", "paragraph_text": "Bailey Gatzert (December 29, 1829 – April 19, 1893) was an American politician and the eighth mayor of Seattle, Washington, serving from 1875 to 1876. He was the first Jewish mayor of Seattle, narrowly missing being the first Jewish mayor of a major American city (Moses Bloom became mayor of Iowa City, Iowa, in 1873), and has been the only Jewish mayor of Seattle to date.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Nanjing", "paragraph_text": "At present, the full name of the government of Nanjing is \"People's Government of Nanjing City\" and the city is under the one-party rule of the CPC, with the CPC Nanjing Committee Secretary as the de facto governor of the city and the mayor as the executive head of the government working under the secretary.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Cincinnati", "paragraph_text": "The present Mayor of Cincinnati is John Cranley. The nine-member city council is composed of Vice Mayor Christopher Smitherman and Councilmembers Tamaya Dennard (President Pro-Tem), David Mann, Amy Murray, Chris Seelbach, P.G. Sittenfeld, Greg Landsman, Jeff Pastor, and Wendell Young. The city manager is Harry Black, and the manager maintains two assistant city managers.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus", "paragraph_text": "Independently of Castello and Coup, James Anthony Bailey had teamed up with James E. Cooper to create the Cooper and Bailey Circus in the 1860s. The Cooper and Bailey Circus became the chief competitor to Barnum's circus. As Bailey's circus was outperforming his, Barnum sought to merge the circuses. The two groups agreed to combine their shows on March 28, 1881. Initially named ``P.T. Barnum's Greatest Show On Earth, And The Great London Circus, Sanger's Royal British Menagerie and The Grand International Allied Shows United '', it was eventually shortened to`` Barnum and Bailey's Circus''. Bailey was instrumental in acquiring Jumbo, advertised as the world's largest elephant, for the show. Barnum died in 1891 and Bailey then purchased the circus from his widow. Bailey continued touring the eastern United States until he took his circus to Europe. That tour started on December 27, 1897, and lasted until 1902.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Dufferin Street bridges", "paragraph_text": "The Dufferin Street bridges are two inter-connected vehicular bridges in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The bridges carry Dufferin Street over a railway corridor and the Gardiner Expressway to Exhibition Place. The bridges closed to vehicular traffic in 2013. Temporary structures, namely Bailey bridges over the railway tracks, will be built in 2013-2014 to allow a resumption of traffic in early 2014. Beginning in 2016 the bridges will be completely rebuilt to allow more tracks to cross underneath and create a single span to the CNE grounds. As of March 2019 the spans over the Gardiner Expressway remain in place and the bailey bridges replacing the older outer pedestrian bridges of the northern span with the inner vehicular steel plate box girder bridge still in place.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Place the Face", "paragraph_text": "Place the Face is an American game show that aired on CBS and NBC from 1953 to 1955. The series was hosted by Jack Smith, Jack Bailey, and then Bill Cullen. Jack Narz was the announcer.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Bailey (surname)", "paragraph_text": "Bailey is an occupational surname of English origin. Bailey is the 58th most common surname in England and is most commonly found in Jamaica.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Janine Kunze", "paragraph_text": "Janine Kunze (20 March 1974 in Cologne) is a German actress and presenter. She was and is active in many television series. Her breakthrough she achieve in the comedy series Hausmeister Krause – Ordnung muss sein. Later she was in the series Die Rote Meile, Balko, Barfuss, The Comedy Trap, Clueless Genius - The Comedy Arena and Extreme Activity to see. Her breakthrough achieved in the comedy series Die Dreisten Drei, in which she participated 2007 and 2008. There she replaced Mirja Boes. 2011 she moderated along with Daniel Aminati the second season of Die Alm.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Mount Bailey (Oregon)", "paragraph_text": "Mount Bailey is a relatively young tephra cone and shield volcano in the Cascade Range, located on the opposite side of Diamond Lake from Mount Thielsen in southern Oregon, United States. Bailey consists of a -high main cone on top of an old basaltic andesite shield volcano. With a volume of , Mount Bailey is slightly smaller than neighboring Diamond Peak. Mount Bailey is a popular destination for recreational activities. Well known in the Pacific Northwest region as a haven for skiing in the winter months, the mountain's transportation, instead of a conventional chairlift, is provided by snowcats—treaded, tractor-like vehicles that can ascend Bailey's steep, snow-covered slopes and carry skiers to the higher reaches of the mountain. In the summer months, a hiking trail gives foot access to Bailey's summit.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "It's a Wonderful Life", "paragraph_text": "James Stewart as George Bailey Donna Reed as Mary Hatch Bailey Henry Travers as Clarence Odbody Lionel Barrymore as Mr. Henry F. Potter Thomas Mitchell as Uncle Billy Bailey Beulah Bondi as Ma Bailey Frank Faylen as Ernie Bishop, the cab driver Ward Bond as Bert, the cop Gloria Grahame as Violet Bick H.B. Warner as Mr. Emil Gower Todd Karns as Harry Bailey Samuel S. Hinds as father Peter ``Pop ''Bailey Lillian Randolph as Annie, maid Frank Albertson as Sam Wainwright Virginia Patton as Ruth Dakin Bailey, Harry's wife Mary Treen as Cousin Tilly, employee Charles Williams as Cousin Eustace, employee Sarah Edwards as Mrs. Hatch, Mary's mother William Edmunds as Mr. Giuseppe Martini Argentina Brunetti as Mrs. Martini Bobby Anderson as Little George Bailey Ronnie Ralph as Little Sam Wainwright Jean Gale as Little Mary Hatch Ray Walker as Joe Jeanine Ann Roose as Little Violet Bick", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Baileys Irish Cream", "paragraph_text": "Baileys Irish Cream was created by Gilbeys of Ireland, a division of International Distillers & Vintners, as it searched for something to introduce to the international market. The process of finding a product began in 1971 and it was introduced in 1974 as the first Irish cream on the market. The Baileys name was granted permission by John Chesterman after Gilbeys asked to use the name from a restaurant that John Chesterman owned. The fictional R.A. Bailey signature was inspired by the Bailey's Hotel in London, though the registered trademark omits the apostrophe. Baileys is produced in Dublin and Mallusk (Northern Ireland).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Justin Bailey", "paragraph_text": "Justin Bailey (born July 1, 1995) is an American professional ice hockey forward who is currently playing for the Vancouver Canucks of the National Hockey League (NHL). Bailey grew up in Williamsville, New York, a suburb of Buffalo.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "9th Empire Awards", "paragraph_text": "The 9th Empire Awards ceremony (officially known as the Sony Ericsson Empire Awards), presented by the British film magazine \"Empire\", honored the best films of 2003 and took place on 4 February 2004 at The Dorchester Hotel in London, England. During the ceremony, \"Empire\" presented Empire Awards in nine categories as well as three honorary awards. The Lifetime Achievement Award was renamed to Career Achievement Award this year but was reverted to its former name at its next and last presentation. The ceremony was televised live in the United Kingdom by Sky Movies 1 with highlights and exclusive backstage interviews airing on Sky One Mix on 5 February. English actor Bill Bailey hosted the show for the first time. The awards were sponsored by Sony Ericsson for the second consecutive year.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "The Baileys of Balboa", "paragraph_text": "The Baileys of Balboa is an American sitcom that appeared on CBS in the 1964-1965 season on Thursdays at 9:30pm ET. The series lasted only one 26-episode season (due to its competition on Thursday nights with ABC's highly successful twice-weekly soap opera, \"Peyton Place\"). The show was directed by Gary Nelson and Bob Sweeney.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "New York City", "paragraph_text": "The present mayor is Bill de Blasio, the first Democrat since 1993. He was elected in 2013 with over 73% of the vote, and assumed office on January 1, 2014.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Albert Zahn House", "paragraph_text": "The Albert Zahn House is located in Baileys Harbor, Wisconsin, United States. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Todd Karns", "paragraph_text": "Roscoe Todd Karns (January 15, 1921 -- February 5, 2000) was an American actor perhaps best remembered for playing Harry Bailey, the younger brother of George Bailey in the Christmas classic film It's a Wonderful Life.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 146310, "question": "In what place did Bailey Gatzert die?", "answer": "Seattle", "paragraph_support_idx": 3 }, { "id": 16101, "question": "Who is the present mayor of #1 ?", "answer": "Ed Murray", "paragraph_support_idx": 1 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Bivalve, California", "paragraph_text": "Bivalve is an unincorporated community in Marin County, California. It is located on the Northwestern Pacific Railroad northwest of Point Reyes Station, at an elevation of 43 feet (13 m).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "McNeal, Florida", "paragraph_text": "McNeal is an unincorporated community in Calhoun County, Florida, United States. It is located southeast of Blountstown on the northwest bank of the Apalachicola River, and is the eastern terminus of the Blountstown Greenway Bike Path, a rail-trail that was once part of the Marianna and Blountstown Railroad.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Svenstrup, Aalborg Municipality", "paragraph_text": "Svenstrup is a town in Aalborg Municipality with a population of 7,000 (2014), Region Nordjylland in Denmark. It is located 3 km south of Aalborg. The town has a train station, which re-opened in 2003. The station is connected to the railroad between Aalborg Station and Århus Central Station.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Comertown, Montana", "paragraph_text": "Comertown is an unincorporated community in northeastern Sheridan County, Montana, United States. Founded in 1913, it was established as a station stop on the Soo Line Railroad branch line to Whitetail. It is centered at (48.8969706, -104.2499432) and located at an altitude of 2,270 feet (692 m).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Boiceville station", "paragraph_text": "Boiceville Railroad Station was built by the Ulster and Delaware Railroad to serve the community of Boiceville, New York. Located at MP 21.3, Boiceville was the westernmost depot to be removed as a result of the construction of the Ashokan Reservoir. Although the community of Boiceville was submerged, the station site remains above the reservoir level, at a point just west of where the old railroad right of way slips under the waters of the reservoir, and just east of where it diverges from the new line.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Colorado and Southern Railway", "paragraph_text": "The Colorado and Southern Railway was an American Class I railroad in the western United States that operated independently from 1898 to 1908, then as part of the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad until it was absorbed into the Burlington Northern Railroad in 1981.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Rochester Community Schools (Michigan)", "paragraph_text": "Rochester Community Schools District serves Rochester, the majority of both Oakland Township, and Rochester Hills, as well as parts of Orion Township and Auburn Hills in northeast Oakland County and parts of Shelby Township and Washington Township in northwest Macomb County, in the U.S. state of Michigan. It currently has upwards of 14,500 students in 21 buildings, all located in Rochester Hills and Oakland Township, Michigan. The Administration Center is located in the city of Rochester.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Xenia Station", "paragraph_text": "Xenia Station, located at 150 Miami Avenue in Xenia, Ohio, in the United States, is a replica of Xenia's 1880s brick railroad station.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Hialeah Seaboard Air Line Railway Station", "paragraph_text": "The Hialeah Seaboard Air Line Railway Station is a historic Seaboard Air Line Railroad depot in Hialeah, Florida. It is located at 1200 Southeast 10th Court.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Kearsarge, California", "paragraph_text": "Kearsarge (formerly, Kearsarge Station and Citrus) is an unincorporated community in Inyo County, California. It is located on the former route of the Southern Pacific Railroad east of Independence, at an elevation of .", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Cos Cob Power Station", "paragraph_text": "The Spanish Revival style station building of 1907 was significant as part of the first mainline railroad electrification in the United States, using alternating current (AC) electrification. The New York City subway systems and a Hudson River railroad line used lower voltage direct current (DC) electrification, but for longer distances that would mean high transmission losses or frequent and closely spaced substations.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Herndon Depot Museum", "paragraph_text": "The Herndon Depot Museum, also known as the Herndon Historical Society Museum, is located in the town of Herndon in Fairfax County, Virginia. Built in 1857 for the Alexandria, Loudoun & Hampshire Railroad, the depot later served the Richmond and Danville Railroad, the Southern Railway and the Washington and Old Dominion Railroad. The structure is located at 717 Lynn Street, at the intersection of the Washington & Old Dominion Railroad Trail and Station Street, north of Elden Street (signed nearby as Virginia State Routes 228 and 606). The building is adjacent to Town Hall Square, which contains the Herndon Town Hall, built in 1939 as a Works Progress Administration project to house all of the Town's administrative offices.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Stuyvesant station", "paragraph_text": "Stuyvesant station, also known as Stuyvesant Landing Depot, is a historic train station located in Stuyvesant, Columbia County, New York. It was built during the second half of 1880 after the original station was destroyed by a fire. Mull & Fromer, Masons and Builders, of Catskill, New York, secured the contract to rebuild the station and E. Lampman was their carpenter.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Aliquippa station", "paragraph_text": "Aliquippa station is a former railway station located in Aliquippa, Pennsylvania, United States. The station was constructed and used by the now defunct Pittsburgh and Lake Erie Railroad. Constructed in 1911, the station has also gone by the name of Woodlawn station because of the former town of Woodlawn that was merged with Aliquippa in the late 1870s. After the station closed to passengers, it was used for several years by the Jones and Laughlin Steel Company as an office building. Today, the structure sits vacant just outside the city of Aliquippa. The station was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990 as the Pittsburgh and Lake Erie Passenger Station, Aliquippa.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Martisco station", "paragraph_text": "Martisco station, also known as Martisco Station Railway Museum, is a railroad station in Martisco, Onondaga County, New York. It was built in 1870 by the Auburn and Syracuse Railroad, and is a two-story, Italianate style brick building. Decorative brackets support an unusually long overhang of the roof. The line and station were eventually acquired by the New York Central Railroad. The station is owned by the Central New York Chapter of the National Railway Historical Society, and is open as a museum during limited hours in the summer. Adjacent to the station is a contributing Pennsylvania Railroad dining car.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Sloan Station, Illinois", "paragraph_text": "Sloan Station is an unincorporated community in Champaign County, Illinois, United States. Sloan Station is located along a railroad line between Ivesdale and Sadorus. It is centered on an elevator that is no longer used for receiving grain, but still used for storage by the Grand Prairie Co-Op.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Rochester, New York", "paragraph_text": "Rochester (/ ˈrɒtʃɪstər, ˈrɒtʃɛstər /) is a city on the southern shore of Lake Ontario in western New York. With a population of 208,880 residents, Rochester is the seat of Monroe County and the third most populous city in New York state, after New York City and Buffalo. The metropolitan area has a population of just over 1 million people.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Leach Railroad Station, Kentucky", "paragraph_text": "Leach Railroad Station, is an unincorporated community located 3 miles south of Catlettsburg in Boyd County, Kentucky. It was first established in approximately 1882 as a freight and passenger loading facility for the Chatteroi railroad (later Chesapeake and Ohio Railway). The former community of Leech Station is now mostly owned by Marathon Oil, which operates one of its seven oil refineries there. Marathon bought the large refinery at Leech Station from Ashland, Inc. in 1999. In 2000, Marathon took over ownership of old U.S. 23 and then purchased the remaining residential property located at Leech Station.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Blairton, West Virginia", "paragraph_text": "Blairton is an unincorporated community on Opequon Creek located east of Martinsburg in Berkeley County, West Virginia. Blairton was originally named Opequan Station because of its location on the Opequon along the railroad.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Philadelphia", "paragraph_text": "Since the early days of rail transport in the United States, Philadelphia has served as hub for several major rail companies, particularly the Pennsylvania Railroad and the Reading Railroad. The Pennsylvania Railroad first operated Broad Street Station, then 30th Street Station and Suburban Station, and the Reading Railroad operated out of Reading Terminal, now part of the Pennsylvania Convention Center. The two companies also operated competing commuter rail systems in the area, known collectively as the Regional Rail system. The two systems today, for the most part still intact but now connected, operate as a single system under the control of the SEPTA, the regional transit authority. Additionally, the PATCO Speedline subway system and NJ Transit's Atlantic City Line operate successor services to southern New Jersey.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 129609, "question": "In which state is Stuyvesant Railroad Station located?", "answer": "New York", "paragraph_support_idx": 12 }, { "id": 82685, "question": "what part of #1 is rochester in", "answer": "western New York", "paragraph_support_idx": 16 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Françoise de Panafieu", "paragraph_text": "Françoise de Panafieu (born 12 December 1948) is a French politician, member of The Republicans (LR) party and mayor of the 17th arrondissement of Paris between 2001 and 2008.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "The Bronx", "paragraph_text": "The Bronx has often shown striking differences from other boroughs in elections for Mayor. The only Republican to carry the Bronx since 1914 was Fiorello La Guardia in 1933, 1937 and 1941 (and in the latter two elections, only because his 30-32% vote on the American Labor Party line was added to 22-23% as a Republican). The Bronx was thus the only borough not carried by the successful Republican re-election campaigns of Mayors Rudolph Giuliani in 1997 and Michael Bloomberg in 2005. The anti-war Socialist campaign of Morris Hillquit in the 1917 mayoral election won over 31% of the Bronx's vote, putting him second and well ahead of the 20% won by the incumbent pro-war Fusion Mayor John P. Mitchel, who came in second (ahead of Hillquit) everywhere else and outpolled Hillquit city-wide by 23.2% to 21.7%.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Ralph W. Ellis", "paragraph_text": "Ralph Waterbury Ellis (November 25, 1856-September 28, 1945) was an American lawyer, banker and politician who served in the Massachusetts House of Representatives, as a member of the Springfield, Massachusetts Board of Aldermen and Common Council, and as the Mayor of Springfield in 1902.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Bryan Baptiste", "paragraph_text": "Bryan J. Baptiste (October 15, 1955 – June 22, 2008) was an American politician and member of the Republican Party. He served as mayor of the County of Kauai in Hawaii from 2002 until his death.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Dorilus Morrison", "paragraph_text": "Dorilus Morrison (December 27, 1814 – June 26, 1897) was a banker, businessman, and Republican politician who lived in the US state of Minnesota. He was the first and third mayor of Minneapolis.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Johnny Berthelot", "paragraph_text": "John Alan Berthelot, known as Johnny Berthelot (born November 1951), is a Republican member of the Louisiana House of Representatives from District 88, based in his hometown of Gonzales in eastern Ascension Parish near Baton Rouge, Louisiana. He was the mayor of Gonzales from 1984 until 2008 and great-nephew of first mayor of the city, \"Tee Joe\" Gonzales.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "John Shostak", "paragraph_text": "John Shostak (d. January 27, 1971) was a Republican member of the Connecticut House of Representatives from Norwalk, Connecticut for four terms, and the mayor of Norwalk from 1959 to 1961.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Ralph Helfer", "paragraph_text": "Ralph Helfer (born April 9, 1931 in Chicago, Illinois) is a notable American animal behaviorist, creator of Marine World/Africa USA, and writer of books about animals.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Corsica, Pennsylvania", "paragraph_text": "Corsica is a borough in Jefferson County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 357 at the 2010 census. It was named for the island of Corsica, birthplace of Napoleon Bonaparte. The mayor of the borough is Dave Leadbetter.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "J. Bracken Lee", "paragraph_text": "Joseph Bracken Lee (January 7, 1899 – October 20, 1996) was an American political figure in the state of Utah. A Republican, he served two terms as the 9th Governor of Utah (1949–57), six 2-year terms as mayor of Price, Utah (1935–47), and three terms as the 27th mayor of Salt Lake City (1960–71).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "2017 Atlantic City mayoral election", "paragraph_text": "The 2017 Atlantic City mayoral election was held on November 7, 2017 to elect the Mayor of Atlantic City, New Jersey. Primary elections were held on June 6. Incumbent Republican Don Guardian lost re-election to a second term to Democratic city councilman Frank Gilliam.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Raeanne Presley", "paragraph_text": "Raeanne Presley is an American politician of the Republican Party, having served four terms as Mayor of Branson, Missouri. Presley had previously served as an alderman in Branson, and had lost an election for mayor to Lou Schaeffer in the mid-1990s. She was defeated for re-election in 2015 by the current mayor, Karen Best.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Bob Irvin", "paragraph_text": "Bob Irvin was an early leader of the modern Republican Party in Georgia in the United States. He served in the Georgia House of Representatives in the 1970s and again in the 1990s. He was the House Republican Leader. He ran unsuccessfully for the United States Senate in 2002, losing to Saxby Chambliss. He attracted attention in early 2005 by publicly calling for Ralph Reed to withdraw from the race for Lieutenant Governor of Georgia.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Prescott Metcalf", "paragraph_text": "Prescott Metcalf (January 25, 1813 – October 14, 1891) was a prominent businessman and the 8th mayor of Erie, Pennsylvania. He was one of the first Republican mayors of Erie, Pennsylvania, a post he held from 1862 to 1864.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Macit Özcan", "paragraph_text": "Macit Özcan, (born 1954 in Karataş, Adana Province, Turkey) is a Turkish politician of the Republican People's Party (CHP) and the former mayor of Mersin.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Jean-Paul Fournier", "paragraph_text": "Jean-Paul Fournier (born 16 October 1945 in Génolhac) is a French politician and a member of the Senate of France and mayor of Nîmes. He represents the Gard department and is a member of The Republicans Party.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Woodloch, Texas", "paragraph_text": "Woodloch is a town in Montgomery County, Texas, United States. The population was 207 at the 2010 census. As of March 2018, the current mayor is Ralph Leino, Jr.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Spicy City", "paragraph_text": "Spicy City is an animated television series which was created by Ralph Bakshi for HBO. The series lasted for one season in 1997, which consisted of six episodes.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "William Hale Thompson", "paragraph_text": "William Hale Thompson (May 14, 1869 -- March 19, 1944) was an American politician, mayor of Chicago for three terms, from 1915 to 1923 and again from 1927 to 1931. Known as ``Big Bill ''Thompson, he is the last Republican to have served as mayor of Chicago to date. Historians rank Thompson among the most unethical mayors in American history, mainly for his open alliance with Al Capone. However, others recognize the effectiveness of his political methods and publicity - oriented campaigning, acknowledging him as a`` Political Chameleon'' and an effective political machine. TIME magazine said in 1931, ``chief credit for creating 20th Century Politics Chicago Style ''should go to William Thompson.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 19, "title": "San Diego", "paragraph_text": "The members of the city council are each elected from single member districts within the city. The mayor and city attorney are elected directly by the voters of the entire city. The mayor, city attorney, and council members are elected to four-year terms, with a two-term limit. Elections are held on a non-partisan basis per California state law; nevertheless, most officeholders do identify themselves as either Democrats or Republicans. In 2007, registered Democrats outnumbered Republicans by about 7 to 6 in the city, and Democrats currently (as of 2015[update]) hold a 5-4 majority in the city council. The current mayor, Kevin Faulconer, is a Republican.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 144445, "question": "What is Ralph Helfer's birthplace?", "answer": "Chicago", "paragraph_support_idx": 7 }, { "id": 72045, "question": "who was the last republican mayor in #1", "answer": "William Hale Thompson", "paragraph_support_idx": 18 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Dallas Texans (NFL)", "paragraph_text": "Although the NFL rapidly grew more prosperous during the latter part of the 1950s, (especially after the success of ``The Greatest Game Ever Played ''- the 1958 championship game in old Yankee Stadium between the vaunted New York Giants versus the developing Colts leading to a later profitable nationwide television contract), the fiasco in Dallas left the NFL leery of further expansion. Unable to persuade other NFL owners to reconsider, Texas oil scion Lamar Hunt with others, founded the American Football League as a direct competitor to the older NFL. When Hunt's new Dallas Texans were announced as charter members of the new league, the NFL quickly reconsidered its position on expansion and made a second venture into Dallas in 1960, establishing what would become a more successful and later world - wide famous team, the Dallas Cowboys, briefly known in the beginning as the Dallas Rangers. A minor league baseball team of that same name was expected to disband, but did n't and the`` Cowboys'' name was later adopted for the NFL team in mid-March 1960. Both franchises shared the Cotton Bowl (also the home of Southern Methodist University's (SMU) Mustangs) stadium for their first three seasons. The new AFL team moved after winning the 1962 AFL Championship in double overtime and became the Kansas City Chiefs for its fourth season in 1963.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Tishreen Stadium", "paragraph_text": "Tishreen Stadium () is a multi-use all-seater stadium in Damascus, Syria, currently used mostly for football matches and serves as the home venue of the al-Shorta SC. The capacity of the stadium is 12,000 seats.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Bunamwaya Stadium", "paragraph_text": "Bunamwaya Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium in Wakiso Town, Uganda. It is currently used mostly for football matches and serves as the home venue of Bunamwaya SC of the Ugandan Super League. The stadium has a capacity of 5,000 people.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "London", "paragraph_text": "London has numerous venues for rock and pop concerts, including the world's busiest arena the o2 arena and other large arenas such as Earls Court, Wembley Arena, as well as many mid-sized venues, such as Brixton Academy, the Hammersmith Apollo and the Shepherd's Bush Empire. Several music festivals, including the Wireless Festival, South West Four, Lovebox, and Hyde Park's British Summer Time are all held in London. The city is home to the first and original Hard Rock Cafe and the Abbey Road Studios where The Beatles recorded many of their hits. In the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s, musicians and groups like Elton John, Pink Floyd, David Bowie, Queen, The Kinks, The Rolling Stones, The Who, Eric Clapton, Led Zeppelin, The Small Faces, Iron Maiden, Fleetwood Mac, Elvis Costello, Cat Stevens, The Police, The Cure, Madness, The Jam, Dusty Springfield, Phil Collins, Rod Stewart and Sade, derived their sound from the streets and rhythms vibrating through London.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 4, "title": "KCOM Stadium", "paragraph_text": "The bowl-shaped stadium contains a continuous single tier of seats with a second tier on the west side. Its current capacity is 25,400. The stadium hosts two tenants, association football club Hull City A.F.C., which moved there from Boothferry Park, and rugby league football club Hull FC, relocated from the Boulevard. It is also the 2nd largest rugby league stadium in England. The ground also hosts international association football and rugby league football competitions and acts as a venue for concerts by musical artists, such as Elton John and The Who.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Estadio de La Condomina", "paragraph_text": "La Condomina is a multi-use stadium in Murcia, Spain. The stadium holds 6,500 spectators and it is currently used mostly for football matches and music concerts.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Richards Bay Stadium", "paragraph_text": "Richards Bay Stadium is a multi-use stadium in Richards Bay, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. It is used mostly for football matches, and is currently home venue for National First Division club Thanda Royal Zulu, and for the Vodacom League clubs Bright Stars and Real Classic.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Estadio Pensativo", "paragraph_text": "Estadio Pensativo is a football stadium in Antigua Guatemala, Guatemala. The venue is home to first division club Antigua GFC (\"Panzas Verdes\"), and has a maximum capacity of 9,000 people.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Shahid Bahonar Stadium", "paragraph_text": "Shahid Bahonar Kerman Stadium () is a multi-purpose stadium, located in central Kerman, Iran. It is used mostly for football matches. The stadium is able to hold 15,430 people and was opened in 2007. Shahid Bahonar Stadium is home venue of Azadegan League side, Mes Kerman Athletic and Cultural Club. It is named in honour of former Iranian Prime Minister, Mohammad-Javad Bahonar who was assassinated in 1981.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "State Farm Stadium", "paragraph_text": "State Farm Stadium, formerly known as University of Phoenix Stadium, is a multi-purpose football stadium located in Glendale, Arizona, west of Phoenix. It is the home of the Arizona Cardinals of the National Football League (NFL) and the annual Fiesta Bowl. It replaced Tempe's Sun Devil Stadium as the Valley of the Sun's main stadium. The stadium is adjacent to the Gila River Arena and it features the first fully retractable natural grass playing surface built in the United States on top of an AirField Systems drainage system. An opening on one side of the stadium allows the playing field to move to the exterior of the building, allowing the entire natural turf playing surface to be exposed to daylight and also allowing the floor of the stadium to be used for any other purpose (such as seating for concerts or to accommodate motorsports events) without damaging the turf.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Hang Tuah Stadium (Pekanbaru)", "paragraph_text": "Hang Tuah Stadium was formerly a multi-use stadium in Pekanbaru, Riau, Indonesia. It was normally used for football matches and as the home venue for PSPS Pekanbaru of the Liga Indonesia. The stadium had a capacity of 5,000 spectators.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "30 June Stadium", "paragraph_text": "The 30 June Stadium is a stadium used mostly for football matches and also sometimes for athletics located in Cairo. It was built by the Egyptian Air Defense Forces. The stadium is the main venue of the Air Defense Sport Village. The stadium has a capacity of 30,000 and it is one of the venues of the Egyptian Premier League. It is the home ground of the Egyptian Premier League side Pyramids F.C.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Mpumelelo Stadium", "paragraph_text": "Mpumelelo Stadium is a multi-use stadium in Dundee, KwaZulu-Natal South Africa. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home venue of Dundee XI Experience in the Vodacom League.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Kleines Festspielhaus", "paragraph_text": "The House for Mozart (formerly known as Kleines Festspielhaus) is a theatre in Austria. It is one of the venues of the Salzburg Festival in the city of Salzburg. Since 1925, it was the first venue for the festival and carries the name House for Mozart since 2006. Mainly, operas and concerts are staged there.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Andre Reed Stadium", "paragraph_text": "University Field at Andre Reed Stadium (or simply Andre Reed Stadium, formerly University Field) is an outdoor college football stadium located in Kutztown, Pennsylvania on the campus of Kutztown University of Pennsylvania. It is home to both Kutztown's football and field hockey programs competing in the PSAC. The stadium has a capacity of 5,600 making it the ninth largest venue in the PSAC.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Wembezi Stadium", "paragraph_text": "Wembezi Stadium is a multi-use stadium in Estcourt, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home venue of Wembezi Juventus in the Vodacom League.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Pete András Stadion", "paragraph_text": "Pete András Stadion is a sports stadium in Kazincbarcika, Hungary. The stadium is home to the famous association football side Kazincbarcikai SC. The stadium has a capacity of 8,000.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Estadio Alfonso Lastras", "paragraph_text": "Estadio Alfonso Lastras is a multi-use unfinished stadium in San Luis Potosí, Mexico. It is currently used mostly for football matches, and also music concerts. It used to be the home stadium of San Luis F.C. but after it dissolved Atlético San Luis is the current team that play in Alfonso Lastras. The stadium holds 25,111 people and was built in 2002. It is named after the late Alfonso Lastras Ramírez, who was co-founder of an early football club called Cachorros de San Luis.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Waris Dirie", "paragraph_text": "Dirie along with a few relatives later moved to London, where she resided with and worked for an uncle, who had been appointed Somali ambassador. When his term in office ended, Waris remained in the city and held a job at a local McDonald's. She also began evening classes to learn English.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Rose Bowl (stadium)", "paragraph_text": "One of the most famous stadiums in sporting history, the Rose Bowl is best known as a college football venue, specifically as the host of the annual Rose Bowl Game for which it is named. Since 1982, it has also served as the home stadium of the UCLA Bruins football team. The stadium has also hosted five Super Bowl games, second most of any venue. The Rose Bowl is also a noted soccer venue, having hosted the 1994 FIFA World Cup Final, 1999 FIFA Women's World Cup Final, and the 1984 Olympic Gold Medal Match, as well as numerous CONCACAF and United States Soccer Federation matches.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 160546, "question": "Where did Dirie move later in life?", "answer": "London", "paragraph_support_idx": 18 }, { "id": 26427, "question": "What #1 concert venue shares its first name with a famous football stadium?", "answer": "Wembley Arena", "paragraph_support_idx": 3 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "List of Texas hurricanes (1980–present)", "paragraph_text": "August 25 -- 28, 2017 -- Hurricane Harvey, the first Category 4 hurricane to make landfall in Texas since Hurricane Carla (1961), hit the coast near Rockport. To date, the full extent of the week - long impact is unknown.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "The Second Hurricane", "paragraph_text": "The Second Hurricane is an opera in two acts by Aaron Copland to a libretto by Edwin Denby. Specifically written for school performances, it lasts just under an hour and premiered on April 21, 1937, at the Henry Street Settlement playhouse in New York City. Set in the United States in the 1930s, the opera tells the story of a group of high school students who become trapped on an island while working to rescue the victims of a hurricane.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Hurricane Charley", "paragraph_text": "Hurricane Charley was the first of four individual hurricanes to produce winds of at least 75 mph in Florida in a single season -- Frances, Ivan, and Jeanne. It was the third named storm, the second hurricane, and the second major hurricane of the 2004 Atlantic hurricane season. Charley lasted from August 9 to August 15, and at its peak intensity it attained 150 mph (240 km / h) winds, making it a strong Category 4 hurricane on the Saffir - Simpson Hurricane Scale. It made landfall in southwestern Florida at maximum strength, making it the strongest hurricane to hit the United States since Hurricane Andrew struck Florida in 1992.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Houston", "paragraph_text": "In August 2005, Houston became a shelter to more than 150,000 people from New Orleans who evacuated from Hurricane Katrina. One month later, approximately 2.5 million Houston area residents evacuated when Hurricane Rita approached the Gulf Coast, leaving little damage to the Houston area. This was the largest urban evacuation in the history of the United States. In September 2008, Houston was hit by Hurricane Ike. As many as forty percent refused to leave Galveston Island because they feared the traffic problems that happened after Hurricane Rita.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "List of Florida hurricanes (2000–present)", "paragraph_text": "September 10 -- 11 - Hurricane Irma makes landfall on Cudjoe Key as a Category 4 hurricane with sustained winds of 130 mph (215 km / h), then makes a second landfall on Marco Island with winds of 115 mph (185 km / h). It is the strongest hurricane in terms of windspeed to hit the state since Charley in 2004, and the most intense in terms of pressure since Andrew in 1992. Irma has killed at least 82 people in the state.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Helen Storrow", "paragraph_text": "Helen Osborne Storrow (September 22, 1864 – November 12, 1944) was a prominent American philanthropist, early Girl Scout leader, and chair of the World Committee of the World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts (WAGGGS) for eight years. She founded the First National Girl Scout Leaders' Training in Long Pond, Massachusetts; headed the leaders' training camp at Foxlease, UK; and donated the first of the WAGGGS World centres, Our Chalet.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Sandy McCarthy", "paragraph_text": "Sandy McCarthy (born June 15, 1972) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey right winger who played 11 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL) with the Calgary Flames, Tampa Bay Lightning, Philadelphia Flyers, Carolina Hurricanes, New York Rangers and Boston Bruins.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Hurricane Maria", "paragraph_text": "Hurricane Maria is regarded as being the worst natural disaster on record to affect Dominica and Puerto Rico, and is also the deadliest Atlantic hurricane since Hurricane Jeanne in 2004. The tenth-most intense Atlantic hurricane on record and the most intense tropical cyclone worldwide in 2017, Maria was the thirteenth named storm, eighth consecutive hurricane, fourth major hurricane, second Category 5 hurricane, and the deadliest storm of the hyperactive 2017 Atlantic hurricane season. At its peak, the hurricane caused catastrophic damage and numerous fatalities across the northeastern Caribbean, compounding recovery efforts in the areas of the Leeward Islands already struck by Hurricane Irma. Total losses from the hurricane are estimated at upwards of $91.61 billion (2017 USD), mostly in Puerto Rico, ranking it as the third - costliest tropical cyclone on record.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "List of Texas hurricanes (1980–present)", "paragraph_text": "August 25 -- 28, 2017 -- Hurricane Harvey hit the coast near Rockport as a Category 4 hurricane, producing extreme and unprecedented amounts of rainfall in the Houston Metropolitan area. It is the costliest hurricane worldwide with $198.6 billion in damages.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Bikini Barbershop", "paragraph_text": "Bikini Barbershop (Also known as Bikini Barbershop: Jersey) is an American reality show on AXS TV featuring Jeff Wulkan, a man who runs a hair salon/barber shop in Long Branch, New Jersey called \"Bikini Barbers\". It mainly consists of female hair stylists, at work, wearing only bikinis. Following Hurricane Sandy, a drop in business forced the closure of the shop.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Effects of Hurricane Sandy in New York", "paragraph_text": "Hurricane Sandy Category 1 hurricane (SSHWS / NWS) Satellite image of Sandy at 4: 15 p.m. EDT on October 29 as it was about to make landfall on the Jersey Shore Formed October 28, 2012 (First rainbands begin to affect New Jersey) Dissipated November 2, 2012 (Dissipated as extratropical cyclone) (Extratropical after October 29) Highest winds 1 - minute sustained: 80 mph (130 km / h) Highest gust Gusts: 100 mph (155 km / h) Lowest pressure 945 mbar (hPa); 27.91 inHg Fatalities 53 total Damage $32 billion (2012 USD) (Estimated damage total) Areas affected New York, especially the New York metropolitan area Part of the 2012 Atlantic hurricane season Part of a series on Hurricane Sandy General Meteorological history Impact Greater Antilles United States Maryland and Washington, D.C. New Jersey New York New England Canada Other wikis Commons: Sandy images Wikinews: Sandy stories", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 11, "title": "List of Florida hurricanes", "paragraph_text": "The List of Florida hurricanes encompasses approximately 500 tropical or subtropical cyclones that affected the state of Florida. More storms hit Florida than any other U.S. state, and since 1851 only eighteen hurricane seasons passed without a known storm impacting the state. Collectively, cyclones that hit the region have resulted in over 10,000 deaths, most of which occurring prior to the start of Hurricane Hunters flights in 1943. Additionally, the cumulative impact from the storms totaled over $141 billion in damage (2017 USD), primarily from Hurricane Andrew and hurricanes in the 2004 and 2005 seasons.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "The Girl on the Train (2016 film)", "paragraph_text": "Principal photography began on November 4, 2015 in New York City. Produced by Marc Platt and DreamWorks Pictures, The Girl on the Train was the first DreamWorks Pictures film to be distributed by Universal Pictures, as part of DreamWorks' new distribution deal via Amblin Partners. It premiered in London on September 20, 2016 and was theatrically released in the United States on October 7, 2016. The film grossed $173 million worldwide, and received mixed reviews, although Blunt's performance received praise and gained a nomination at the 23rd Screen Actors Guild Awards, as well as a nomination for BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role at the 70th British Academy Film Awards.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Daytona Beach, Florida", "paragraph_text": "Typically tropical cyclones pass offshore once they reach the northern portion of the Atlantic coast of Florida. As such, the hurricane risk for Daytona Beach is significantly lower than areas of southern Florida like Miami and Key West. The 2004 hurricane season was by far the most active in the Daytona Beach area in the last 50 years. However, since 1950 there has only been one direct hit by a tropical cyclone to the Daytona Beach area, Hurricane Donna in 1960.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Hurricane Andrew", "paragraph_text": "Hurricane Andrew was a Category 5 Atlantic hurricane that struck the Bahamas and Florida in mid-August 1992, the most destructive hurricane to ever hit the state. It was the strongest in decades and the costliest hurricane to make landfall anywhere in the United States until it was surpassed by Katrina in 2005. Andrew caused major damage in the Bahamas and Louisiana, but the greatest impact was felt in South Florida, with sustained wind speeds as high as 165 mph (270 km / h). Passing directly through the city of Homestead in Dade County (now known as Miami - Dade County), it stripped many homes of all but their concrete foundations. In total, it destroyed more than 63,500 houses, damaged more than 124,000 others, caused $26.5 billion in damage, and left 65 people dead.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Hurricane Sandy", "paragraph_text": "Sandy developed from a tropical wave in the western Caribbean Sea on October 22, quickly strengthened, and was upgraded to Tropical Storm Sandy six hours later. Sandy moved slowly northward toward the Greater Antilles and gradually intensified. On October 24, Sandy became a hurricane, made landfall near Kingston, Jamaica, re-emerged a few hours later into the Caribbean Sea and strengthened into a Category 2 hurricane. On October 25, Sandy hit Cuba as a Category 3 hurricane, then weakened to a Category 1 hurricane. Early on October 26, Sandy moved through the Bahamas. On October 27, Sandy briefly weakened to a tropical storm and then restrengthened to a Category 1 hurricane. Early on October 29, Sandy curved west - northwest (the ``left turn ''or`` left hook'') and then moved ashore near Brigantine, New Jersey, just to the northeast of Atlantic City, as a post-tropical cyclone with hurricane - force winds.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Marionetas En La Cuerda – Sandie Shaw Canta En Español", "paragraph_text": "Marionetas en la cuerda – Sandie Shaw canta en Español is a Spanish-language album by the British singer Sandie Shaw. It is a compilation of her recordings in this language, featuring Spanish versions of many of her hits.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Hurricane Sandy", "paragraph_text": "After Sandy exited Cuba, the structure became disorganized, and it turned to the north - northwest over the Bahamas. By October 27, Sandy was no longer fully tropical, and despite strong shear, it maintained convection due to influence from an approaching trough; the same trough turned the hurricane to the northeast. After briefly weakening to a tropical storm, Sandy re-intensified into a hurricane, and on October 28 an eye began redeveloping. The storm moved around an upper - level low over the eastern United States and also to the southwest of a ridge over Atlantic Canada, turning it to the northwest. Sandy briefly re-intensified to Category 2 intensity on the morning of October 29, around which time it had a wind diameter of over 1,150 miles (1,850 km), and a central pressure of 943 mb, which set records for many cities across the Northeastern United States for the lowest pressures ever observed. The convection diminished while the hurricane accelerated toward the New Jersey coast, and the hurricane was no longer tropical by 2100 UTC on October 29. About 2 / hours later, Sandy made landfall near Brigantine, New Jersey, with winds of 80 mph (130 km / h). During the next four days, Sandy's remnants drifted northward and then northeastward over Ontario, before merging with another low pressure area over Eastern Canada on November 2.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Hurricane Sandy", "paragraph_text": "In the United States, Hurricane Sandy affected 24 states, including the entire eastern seaboard from Florida to Maine and west across the Appalachian Mountains to Michigan and Wisconsin, with particularly severe damage in New Jersey and New York. Its storm surge hit New York City on October 29, flooding streets, tunnels and subway lines and cutting power in and around the city. Damage in the United States amounted to $71.4 billion (2013 USD). In Canada, two were killed in Ontario and an estimated $100 million (2012 CAD) in damage was caused throughout Ontario and Quebec.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Alfie (Burt Bacharach song)", "paragraph_text": "Although Bacharach and David suggested ``Alfie ''be recorded by Dionne Warwick, their most prolific interpreter, Paramount felt the film's setting demanded the song be recorded by a UK singer. Accordingly, Sandie Shaw, who had had a UK # 1 hit with the Bacharach / David composition`` (There's) Always Something There to Remind Me'', was initially invited to record ``Alfie ''. When Shaw declined, the song was offered to Cilla Black, who had also had a UK # 1 with a Bacharach / David number,`` Anyone Who Had a Heart''.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 69023, "question": "where is the girl on the train set", "answer": "New York City", "paragraph_support_idx": 12 }, { "id": 87032, "question": "when did hurricane sandy hit #1", "answer": "October 28, 2012", "paragraph_support_idx": 10 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Hotel California (Eagles album)", "paragraph_text": "Side two No. Title Writer (s) Lead vocals Length 1. ``Wasted Time (Reprise) ''Henley Frey Jim Ed Norman instrumental 1: 22 2.`` Victim of Love'' Henley Frey Felder Souther Henley 4: 11 3. ``Pretty Maids All in a Row ''Walsh Joe Vitale Joe Walsh 4: 05 4.`` Try and Love Again'' Randy Meisner Randy Meisner 5: 10 5. ``The Last Resort ''Henley Frey Henley 7: 25", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Sender Freies Berlin", "paragraph_text": "Sender Freies Berlin (SFB) () was the ARD public radio and television service for West Berlin from 1 June 1954 until 1990 and for Berlin as a whole from German reunification until 30 April 2003. On 1 May 2003 it merged with Ostdeutscher Rundfunk Brandenburg to form \"Rundfunk Berlin-Brandenburg\".", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Luther W. Graef", "paragraph_text": "Luther W. Graef is the founder of Graef, Anhalt, Schloemer and Associates Inc., former President of American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) and the fourth president of ASCE Foundation.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Josip Broz Tito", "paragraph_text": "Every year a \"Brotherhood and Unity\" relay race is organized in Montenegro, Macedonia and Serbia which ends at the \"House of Flowers\" in Belgrade on May 25 – the final resting place of Tito. At the same time, runners in Slovenia, Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina set off for Kumrovec, Tito's birthplace in northern Croatia. The relay is a left-over from Yugoslav times, when young people made a similar yearly trek on foot through Yugoslavia that ended in Belgrade with a massive celebration.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Lyin' Eyes", "paragraph_text": "``Lyin 'Eyes ''is a song written by Don Henley and Glenn Frey and recorded in 1975 by the American rock band the Eagles, with Frey singing lead vocals. It was the second single from their album One of These Nights, reaching No. 2 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart and No. 8 on the Billboard Country chart. It remained their only top 40 country hit until`` How Long'' in 2007 -- 2008.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Julius Frey", "paragraph_text": "Julius Frey (October 25, 1881 in Stuttgart – August 28, 1960 in Stuttgart) was a German swimmer who competed in the Swimming at the 1900 Summer Olympics.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "List of The Story of Tracy Beaker (franchise) characters", "paragraph_text": "Roxy Wellard, portrayed by Sophie Borja, made her first appearance on 7 October 2004 in series 4 of The Story of Tracy Beaker during the episode Return to Sender. She departed on 9 December 2005 in series 5 during the episode The Wedding.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Nedre Frei", "paragraph_text": "Nedre Frei is a village in Kristiansund Municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. The village is located along the Freifjorden on the southern part of the island of Frei. The village sits about south of the village of Rensvik and about southwest of the village of Kvalvåg. Nedre Frei is the site of Frei Church, the main church for the island.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Sami Frey", "paragraph_text": "Sami Frey (born Samuel Frei; 13 October 1937) is a French actor of Polish Jewish descent. Among the films he starred in are \"En compagnie d'Antonin Artaud\" (1993), in which he portrays French poet and playwright Antonin Artaud, and \"Bande à part\" (1964) by Jean-Luc Godard.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Fabian Frei", "paragraph_text": "Fabian Frei (born 8 January 1989) is a Swiss footballer who currently plays as a midfielder for FC Basel. Until June 2011, he played for the Swiss U-21 team. He made his international debut for Swiss senior team on 7 October 2011. He was selected to represent Switzerland at the 2012 Summer Olympics. He is of no relation to former club and country team mate Alexander Frei.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Take It to the Limit (Eagles song)", "paragraph_text": "The song was written by Eagles' members Randy Meisner, Don Henley and Glenn Frey. Meisner, who sang lead on it, says the song began as his solo composition. As it remained unfinished when time came for the One of These Nights album to be recorded, Henley and Frey assisted Meisner in completing it. Meisner's performance of the song was popular with the audience in Eagles' concerts, but disputes over his reluctance to perform it would also directly lead to Meisner's departure from the band.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Avicenna", "paragraph_text": "In 1980, the Soviet Union, which then ruled his birthplace Bukhara, celebrated the thousandth anniversary of Avicenna's birth by circulating various commemorative stamps with artistic illustrations, and by erecting a bust of Avicenna based on anthropological research by Soviet scholars.[citation needed] Near his birthplace in Qishlak Afshona, some 25 km (16 mi) north of Bukhara, a training college for medical staff has been named for him.[year needed] On the grounds is a museum dedicated to his life, times and work.[citation needed]", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "The Heat Is On (Glenn Frey song)", "paragraph_text": "The music video for the song received heavy MTV airplay. It showed a film editor assembling scenes for Beverly Hills Cop while Frey and a band played the song in the adjacent room, with action scenes from the movie then directly interspersed. Among the musicians shown in the video is saxophone player Beverly Dahlke - Smith (the actual recording being made by session horn player David Woodford) and Frey's long - time drummer, Michael Huey.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Take It Easy", "paragraph_text": "``Take It Easy ''is a song written by Jackson Browne and Glenn Frey, and recorded by the Eagles with Frey singing lead vocals. It was the band's first single, released on May 1, 1972. It peaked at No. 12 on the July 22, 1972 Billboard Hot 100 chart. It also was the opening track on the band's debut album Eagles and it has become one of their signature songs, included on all of their live and compilation albums. It is listed as one of The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame's 500 Songs that Shaped Rock and Roll.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Botho Graef", "paragraph_text": "Franz Botho Graef (12 October 1857, Berlin – 9 April 1917, Königstein im Taunus) was a German classical archaeologist and art historian. His father was painter Gustav Graef, and his sister, Sabine Lepsius, was also an artist of some note. Graef taught at the University of Jena from 1904 until 1917.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Communication", "paragraph_text": "The first major model for communication was introduced by Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver for Bell Laboratories in 1949 The original model was designed to mirror the functioning of radio and telephone technologies. Their initial model consisted of three primary parts: sender, channel, and receiver. The sender was the part of a telephone a person spoke into, the channel was the telephone itself, and the receiver was the part of the phone where one could hear the other person. Shannon and Weaver also recognized that often there is static that interferes with one listening to a telephone conversation, which they deemed noise.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Standin' on the Corner Park", "paragraph_text": "In September 2016, a statue was unveiled at the park in the likeness of Glenn Frey, who died earlier that year.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "One of These Nights", "paragraph_text": "Side two No. Title Writer (s) Lead vocals Length 1. ``Lyin 'Eyes ''Henley Frey Glenn Frey 6: 22 2.`` Take It to the Limit'' Henley Frey Meisner Meisner 4: 49 3. ``Visions ''Henley Felder Don Felder with Henley, Meisner, Bernie Leadon, and Frey 3: 58 4.`` After the Thrill is Gone'' Henley Frey Frey and Henley 3: 56 5. ``I Wish You Peace ''B. Leadon Patti Davis Leadon 3: 45", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Glenn Frey", "paragraph_text": "Glenn Lewis Frey (/ fraɪ /; November 6, 1948 -- January 18, 2016) was an American singer, songwriter and actor, best known as a founding member of the rock band Eagles. Frey was the lead singer and frontman for the Eagles, roles he came to share with fellow member Don Henley, with whom he wrote most of the Eagles' material. Frey played guitar and keyboards as well as singing lead vocals on songs such as ``Take It Easy '',`` Peaceful Easy Feeling'', ``Tequila Sunrise '',`` Already Gone'', ``James Dean '',`` Lyin 'Eyes'', ``New Kid in Town '', and`` Heartache Tonight''.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Sleepless in New York", "paragraph_text": "Sleepless in New York is a 2014 documentary film about heartbreak and how to overcome it by director and producer Christian Frei.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 144381, "question": "What is Botho Graef's birthplace?", "answer": "Berlin", "paragraph_support_idx": 14 }, { "id": 120510, "question": "What year did Sender Freies #1 end?", "answer": "30 April 2003", "paragraph_support_idx": 1 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Sinai Peninsula", "paragraph_text": "The Sinai Peninsula or simply Sinai (now usually / ˈsaɪnaɪ /) is a peninsula in Egypt, and the only part of the country located in Asia. It is situated between the Mediterranean Sea to the north and the Red Sea to the south, and is a land bridge between Asia and Africa. Sinai has a land area of about 60,000 km (23,000 sq mi) and a population of approximately 1,400,000 people. Administratively, the Sinai Peninsula is divided into two governorates: the South Sinai Governorate and the North Sinai Governorate. Three other governorates span the Suez Canal, crossing into African Egypt: Suez Governorate on the southern end of the Suez Canal, Ismailia Governorate in the center, and Port Said Governorate in the north.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Paris", "paragraph_text": "On 7 January 2015, two French Muslim extremists attacked the Paris headquarters of Charlie Hebdo and killed thirteen people, and on 9 January, a third terrorist killed four hostages during an attack at a Jewish grocery store at Porte de Vincennes. On 11 January an estimated 1.5 million people marched in Paris–along with international political leaders–to show solidarity against terrorism and in defence of freedom of speech. Ten months later, 13 November 2015, came a series of coordinated terrorist attacks in Paris and Saint-Denis claimed by the 'Islamic state' organisation ISIL ('Daesh', ISIS); 130 people were killed by gunfire and bombs, and more than 350 were injured. Seven of the attackers killed themselves and others by setting off their explosive vests. On the morning of 18 November three suspected terrorists, including alleged planner of the attacks Abdelhamid Abaaoud, were killed in a shootout with police in the Paris suburb of Saint-Denis. President Hollande declared France to be in a three-month state of emergency.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Suez Crisis", "paragraph_text": "The Suez Crisis or the Second Arab -- Israeli War also named the Tripartite Aggression (in the Arab world) and Operation Kadesh or Sinai War (in Israel), was an invasion of Egypt in late 1956 by Israel, followed by the United Kingdom and France. The aims were to regain Western control of the Suez Canal and to remove Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser, who had just nationalized the canal. After the fighting had started, political pressure from the United States, the Soviet Union, and the United Nations led to a withdrawal by the three invaders. The episode humiliated Great Britain and France and strengthened Nasser.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "September 11 attacks", "paragraph_text": "The September 11 attacks (also referred to as 9 / 11) were a series of four coordinated terrorist attacks by the Islamic terrorist group al - Qaeda on the United States on the morning of Tuesday, September 11, 2001. The attacks killed 2,996 people, injured over 6,000 others, and caused at least $10 billion in infrastructure and property damage.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "CornerShot", "paragraph_text": "CornerShot is a weapon accessory invented by Lt. Col. Amos Golan of the Israeli Defense Forces in cooperation with American investors. It was designed in the early 2000s for use by SWAT teams and special forces in hostile situations usually involving terrorists and hostages. Its purpose is similar to that of the periscope rifle; it allows its operator to both see and attack an armed target, without exposing the operator to counterattack.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Tom Clancy's Rainbow Six Siege", "paragraph_text": "In ranked play, when a round begins, the attackers choose one of several spawn points from which to launch their attack. The attackers are then given control over wheeled drones to scout the map in search of enemy operators and targets, while the defenders can use security cameras to spot the attackers. Maps in the game are designed to encourage close quarters combat, and players can not respawn until the end of a round. Defenders can also put up destructible barricades and reinforce walls to make them indestructible unless you have an appropriate operator. Players who were killed by opponents can enter ``Support Mode '', which allows them to gain access to drone's cameras and security cameras so that they can continue to contribute to their team by informing them of opponent locations and activities. Matches generally last only a few minutes. Teamwork and cooperation is encouraged in Siege, and players need to take advantage of their different abilities in order to complete the objective and defeat the enemy team. Communication between players is also encouraged. The game also has a spectator mode, which allows players to observe a match from different angles.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Gamal Abdel Nasser", "paragraph_text": "On 11 October 1951, the Wafd government abrogated the 1936 Anglo-Egyptian Treaty, which had given the British control over the Suez Canal until 1956. The popularity of this move, as well as that of government-sponsored guerrilla attacks against the British, put pressure on Nasser to act. According to Sadat, Nasser decided to wage \"a large scale assassination campaign\". In January 1952, he and Hassan Ibrahim attempted to kill the royalist general Hussein Sirri Amer by firing their submachine guns at his car as he drove through the streets of Cairo. Instead of killing the general, the attackers wounded an innocent female passerby. Nasser recalled that her wails \"haunted\" him and firmly dissuaded him from undertaking similar actions in the future.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Suez Canal", "paragraph_text": "The Suez Canal (Arabic: قناة السويس ‎ ‎ qanāt as - suwēs) is an artificial sea - level waterway in Egypt, connecting the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea through the Isthmus of Suez. Constructed by the Suez Canal Company between 1859 and 1869, it was officially opened on November 17, 1869. The canal offers watercraft a shorter journey between the North Atlantic and northern Indian Oceans via the Mediterranean and Red seas by avoiding the South Atlantic and southern Indian oceans, in turn reducing the journey by approximately 7,000 kilometres (4,300 mi). It extends from the northern terminus of Port Said to the southern terminus of Port Tewfik at the city of Suez. Its length is 193.30 km (120.11 mi), including its northern and southern access channels. In 2012, 17,225 vessels traversed the canal (47 per day).", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Nasser 56", "paragraph_text": "Nasser 56 is a 1996 Egyptian historical film directed by Mohamed Fadel, starring Ahmed Zaki. The film focuses on the nationalization of the Suez Canal by Egypt's second President, Gamal Abdel Nasser, and the subsequent invasion of Egypt by Israel, the United Kingdom, and France.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Group (mathematics)", "paragraph_text": "Sub- and quotient groups are related in the following way: a subset H of G can be seen as an injective map H → G, i.e. any element of the target has at most one element that maps to it. The counterpart to injective maps are surjective maps (every element of the target is mapped onto), such as the canonical map G → G / N.y[›] Interpreting subgroup and quotients in light of these homomorphisms emphasizes the structural concept inherent to these definitions alluded to in the introduction. In general, homomorphisms are neither injective nor surjective. Kernel and image of group homomorphisms and the first isomorphism theorem address this phenomenon.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Israel", "paragraph_text": "In 1950 Egypt closed the Suez Canal to Israeli shipping and tensions mounted as armed clashes took place along Israel's borders. During the 1950s, Israel was frequently attacked by Palestinian fedayeen, nearly always against civilians, mainly from the Egyptian-occupied Gaza Strip, leading to several Israeli counter-raids. In 1956, Great Britain and France aimed at regaining control of the Suez Canal, which the Egyptians had nationalized (see the Suez Crisis). The continued blockade of the Suez Canal and Straits of Tiran to Israeli shipping, together with the growing amount of Fedayeen attacks against Israel's southern population, and recent Arab grave and threatening statements, prompted Israel to attack Egypt. Israel joined a secret alliance with Great Britain and France and overran the Sinai Peninsula but was pressured to withdraw by the United Nations in return for guarantees of Israeli shipping rights in the Red Sea via the Straits of Tiran and the Canal[citation needed]. The war resulted in significant reduction of Israeli border infiltration.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Suez Canal", "paragraph_text": "Suez Canal Specifications Length 120.11 miles (193.30 km) (originally 102 mi or 164 km) Maximum boat beam 77.5 m (254 ft 3 in) Locks None Navigation authority Suez Canal Authority History Original owner Suez Canal Company (Compagnie Universelle du Canal Maritime de Suez) Construction began September 25, 1859 (1859 - 09 - 25) Date completed November 17, 1869 (1869 - 11 - 17) Geography Start point Port Said End point Port Tewfik, Suez", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "International Commission for the piercing of the isthmus of Suez", "paragraph_text": "The International Commission for the piercing of the isthmus of Suez (\"Commission Internationale pour le percement de l'isthme des Suez\") was the commission consisting of various European experts convened in 1855 by Ferdinand de Lesseps as instructed by the viceroy of Egypt Muhammad Sa'id in order to ascertain the feasibility of a canal between the Mediterranean and the Red Sea and to evaluate the best alternative for such a canal.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Hipercor bombing", "paragraph_text": "The Hipercor bombing was a car bomb attack by the Basque terrorist organisation ETA. It took place on 19 June 1987 at the Hipercor shopping centre on Avinguda Meridiana, Barcelona, Spain. The bombing killed 21 people and injured 45, the deadliest terrorist attack in ETA's history. Controversy surrounded the timing of telephone warnings made before the attack and the authorities' response to them.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "El Encanto fire", "paragraph_text": "The El Encanto fire was a terrorist attack in the form of an arson fire that destroyed a department store in central Havana on 13 April 1961.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Egypt", "paragraph_text": "In the 1980s, 1990s, and 2000s, terrorist attacks in Egypt became numerous and severe, and began to target Christian Copts, foreign tourists and government officials. In the 1990s an Islamist group, Al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya, engaged in an extended campaign of violence, from the murders and attempted murders of prominent writers and intellectuals, to the repeated targeting of tourists and foreigners. Serious damage was done to the largest sector of Egypt's economy—tourism—and in turn to the government, but it also devastated the livelihoods of many of the people on whom the group depended for support.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Sinai Peninsula", "paragraph_text": "The Sinai Peninsula or simply Sinai (/ ˈsaɪnaɪ /; Arabic: سيناء ‎ Sīnāʼ; Egyptian Arabic: سينا ‎ Sīna, IPA: (ˈsiːnæ); Hebrew: סִינַי ‬ Sinai; Coptic: ⲥⲓⲛⲁ) is a peninsula in Egypt, the only part of the country located in Asia. It is situated between the Mediterranean Sea to the north and the Red Sea to the south, and is a land bridge between Asia and Africa. Sinai has a land area of about 60,000 km (23,000 sq mi) and a population of approximately 1,400,000 people. Administratively, the Sinai Peninsula is divided into two governorates: the South Sinai Governorate and the North Sinai Governorate. Three other governorates span the Suez Canal, crossing into African Egypt: Suez Governorate on the southern end of the Suez Canal, Ismailia Governorate in the center, and Port Said Governorate in the north.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Abdelkader Belliraj", "paragraph_text": "Abdelkader Belliraj (, ; born 1957, Nador) is a Moroccan-Belgian citizen who was found guilty in 2009 of arms smuggling and planning terrorist attacks in Morocco.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "History of the Panama Canal", "paragraph_text": "After the 1869 completion of the Suez Canal, France thought that an apparently - similar project to connect the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans could be carried out with little difficulty. In 1876 an international company, La Société internationale du Canal interocéanique, was created to undertake its construction; two years later, it obtained a concession from the Colombian government (since Panama was a Colombian province) to dig a canal across the isthmus.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Suez (film)", "paragraph_text": "Suez is an American romantic drama film released on October 28, 1938 by 20th Century Fox, with Darryl F. Zanuck in charge of production, directed by Allan Dwan and starring Tyrone Power, Loretta Young, and Annabella. It is very loosely based on events surrounding the construction, between 1859 and 1869, of the Suez Canal, planned and supervised by French diplomat Ferdinand de Lesseps. The screenplay is so highly fictionalized that, upon the film's release in France, de Lesseps' descendants sued (unsuccessfully) for libel.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 93724, "question": "where is the suez canal located on a map", "answer": "Egypt", "paragraph_support_idx": 7 }, { "id": 37156, "question": "Who were primary targets of #1 terrorist attacks?", "answer": "Christian Copts, foreign tourists and government officials", "paragraph_support_idx": 15 } ]

[ "Copt", "Copts" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "1896 Summer Olympics", "paragraph_text": "The 1896 Summer Olympics (Greek: Θερινοί Ολυμπιακοί Αγώνες 1896, Therinoí Olympiakoí Agónes 1896), officially known as the Games of the I Olympiad, was the first international Olympic Games held in modern history. Organised by the International Olympic Committee (IOC), which had been created by Pierre de Coubertin, it was held in Athens, Greece, from 6 to 15 April 1896.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Baseball at the 2000 Summer Olympics", "paragraph_text": "Baseball at the 2000 Summer Olympics was the third time an Olympic baseball tournament had been held as a full medal sport, and the ninth time it had been part of the Summer Olympic Games in any capacity. It was held in Sydney, Australia from 17 September through to the bronze and gold medal games on 27 September. Two venues were used for the Games: the Sydney Baseball Stadium and Blacktown Olympic Park. For the first time in Olympic competition, professional baseball players were eligible to participate, though no active players from Major League Baseball were available.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "1936 Summer Olympics", "paragraph_text": "The 1936 Summer Olympics (German: Olympische Sommerspiele 1936), officially known as the Games of the XI Olympiad, was an international multi-sport event held in 1936 in Berlin, Germany. Berlin won the bid to host the Games over Barcelona, Spain, on 26 April 1931, at the 29th IOC Session in Barcelona (two years before the Nazis came to power). It marked the second and final time the International Olympic Committee gathered to vote in a city that was bidding to host those Games.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 3, "title": "List of Olympic Games host cities", "paragraph_text": "This is a list of host cities of the Olympic Games, both summer and winter, since the modern Olympics began in 1896. Since then, summer games have usually -- but not always -- celebrated a four - year period known as an Olympiad. There have been 28 Summer Olympic Games held in 23 cities, and 23 Winter Olympic Games held in 20 cities. In addition, three summer and two winter editions of the Games were scheduled to take place but later cancelled due to war: Berlin (summer) in 1916; Tokyo / Helsinki (summer) and Sapporo / Garmisch - Partenkirchen (winter) in 1940; and London (summer) and Cortina d'Ampezzo, Italy (winter) in 1944. The 1906 Summer Olympics were officially sanctioned and held in Athens. However, in 1949, the International Olympic Committee (IOC), decided to unrecognize the 1906 Games. Four cities have been chosen by the IOC to host upcoming Olympic Games: Tokyo for the 2020 Summer Olympics, Beijing for the 2022 Winter Olympics, Paris for the 2024 Summer Olympics, and Los Angeles for the 2028 Summer Olympics.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "List of Olympic Games host cities", "paragraph_text": "This is a list of host cities of the Olympic Games, both summer and winter, since the modern Olympics began in 1896. Since then, summer games have usually -- but not always -- celebrated a four - year period known as an Olympiad. There have been 28 Summer Olympic Games held in 24 cities, and 23 Winter Olympic Games held in 20 cities. In addition, three summer and two winter editions of the Games were scheduled to take place but later cancelled due to war: Berlin (summer) in 1916; Tokyo / Helsinki (summer) and Sapporo / Garmisch - Partenkirchen (winter) in 1940; and London (summer) and Cortina d'Ampezzo, Italy (winter) in 1944. The 1906 Summer Olympics were officially sanctioned and held in Athens. However, in 1949, the International Olympic Committee (IOC), decided to unrecognize the 1906 Games. Four cities have been chosen by the IOC to host upcoming Olympic Games: Tokyo for the 2020 Summer Olympics, Beijing for the 2022 Winter Olympics, Paris for the 2024 Summer Olympics, and Los Angeles for the 2028 Summer Olympics.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Melbourne", "paragraph_text": "Melbourne is notable as the host city for the 1956 Summer Olympic Games (the first Olympic Games held in the southern hemisphere and Oceania, with all previous games held in Europe and the United States), along with the 2006 Commonwealth Games. Melbourne is so far the southernmost city to host the games. The city is home to three major annual international sporting events: the Australian Open (one of the four Grand Slam tennis tournaments); the Melbourne Cup (horse racing); and the Australian Grand Prix (Formula One). Also, the Australian Masters golf tournament is held at Melbourne since 1979, having been co-sanctioned by the European Tour from 2006 to 2009. Melbourne was proclaimed the \"World's Ultimate Sports City\", in 2006, 2008 and 2010. The city is home to the National Sports Museum, which until 2003 was located outside the members pavilion at the Melbourne Cricket Ground. It reopened in 2008 in the Olympic Stand.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "1936 Winter Olympics", "paragraph_text": "The 1936 Winter Olympics, officially known as the IV Olympic Winter Games (French: Les IVes Jeux olympiques d'hiver) (German: Olympische Winterspiele 1936), were a winter multi-sport event which was celebrated in 1936 in the market town of Garmisch-Partenkirchen in Bavaria, Germany. Germany also hosted that year's Summer Olympics in Berlin. 1936 is the last year in which the Summer and Winter Games were both held in the same country (the cancelled 1940 Games would have been held in Japan, with that country likewise hosting the Winter and Summer games).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "List of Olympic Games host cities", "paragraph_text": "Below is a list of host cities of the Olympic Games, both summer and winter, since the modern Olympics began in 1896. Since then, summer games have usually -- but not always -- celebrated a four - year period known as an Olympiad. There have been 28 Summer Olympic Games held in 23 cities, and 23 Winter Olympic Games held in 20 cities. In addition, three summer and two winter editions of the Games were scheduled to take place but later cancelled due to war: Berlin (summer) in 1916; Tokyo / Helsinki (summer) and Sapporo / Garmisch - Partenkirchen (winter) in 1940; and London (summer) and Cortina d'Ampezzo, Italy (winter) in 1944. The 1906 Summer Olympics were officially sanctioned and held in Athens. However, in 1949, the International Olympic Committee (IOC), decided to unrecognize the 1906 Games. Four cities have been chosen by the IOC to host upcoming Olympic Games: Tokyo for the 2020 Summer Olympics, Beijing for the 2022 Winter Olympics, Paris for the 2024 Summer Olympics, and Los Angeles for the 2028 Summer Olympics.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Ancient Olympic Games", "paragraph_text": "The ancient Olympics had fewer events than the modern games, and only freeborn Greek men were allowed to participate, although there were victorious women chariot owners. As long as they met the entrance criteria, athletes from any Greek city - state and kingdom were allowed to participate, although the Hellanodikai, the officials in charge, allowed king Alexander I of Macedon to participate in the games only after he had proven his Greek ancestry. The games were always held at Olympia rather than moving between different locations as is the practice with the modern Olympic Games. Victors at the Olympics were honored, and their feats chronicled for future generations.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "2020 Summer Olympics", "paragraph_text": "Tokyo was selected as the host city during the 125th IOC Session in Buenos Aires on 7 September 2013. These Games will mark the return of the Summer Olympics to Tokyo for the first time since 1964, and the fourth Olympics overall to be held in Japan, following the 1972 Winter Olympics in Sapporo and the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano. They will be the second of three consecutive Olympic Games to be held in East Asia, following the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang, South Korea, and preceding the 2022 Winter Olympics in Beijing, China.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Swimming at the 1900 Summer Olympics – Men's underwater swimming", "paragraph_text": "The men's underwater swimming was an event on the Swimming at the 1900 Summer Olympics schedule in Paris. The 1900 Games were the only occasion such an event was held. It was held on 12 August 1900. 14 swimmers from 4 nations competed. It was not featured at later Olympic games because of lack of spectator appeal.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Baseball at the 1984 Summer Olympics", "paragraph_text": "Baseball at the 1984 Summer Olympics was a demonstration sport. Although single exhibition games had been played in conjunction with five previous Olympics, it was the first time that the sport was officially included in the program, and also the first time that the sport was played in Olympics held in the United States. Eight teams competed in Los Angeles, California in the tournament. Games were held at Dodger Stadium. Cuba, after winning the gold medal at the 1983 Pan American Games, was to participate, but did not as a result of the Soviet-led boycott.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "2024 Summer Olympics", "paragraph_text": "The 2024 Summer Olympics (French: Les Jeux olympiques d'été de 2024), officially known as the Games of the XXXIII Olympiad, and commonly known as Paris 2024, is a forthcoming international multi-sport event which will be hosted in Paris from 2 to 18 August 2024. Having previously hosted the 1900 Summer Olympics and the 1924 Summer Olympics, Paris will become the second city after London (1908, 1948 and 2012) to host the Olympic Games three times. 2024 will also mark the centennial of the 1924 Summer Olympics, which were held in the same city, and was the last time Paris held the Olympic Games.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "1908 Summer Olympics", "paragraph_text": "The 1908 Summer Olympics, officially the Games of the IV Olympiad, were an international multi-sport event which was held in 1908 in London, United Kingdom from 27 April to 31 October 1908.These games were originally scheduled to be held in Rome, but were re-located on financial grounds following a disastrous eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 1906. They were the fourth chronological modern Olympic Games in keeping with the now-accepted four-year cycle as opposed to the alternate four-year cycle of the proposed Intercalated Games. The IOC president for these Games was Baron Pierre de Coubertin. Lasting a total of 187 days, or 6 months and 4 days, these games were the longest in modern Olympics history.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Isaac Peral", "paragraph_text": "Isaac Peral y Caballero (Cartagena, 1 June 1851 – 22 May 1895, Berlin), was a Spanish engineer, naval officer and designer of the Peral Submarine. He joined the Spanish navy in 1866, and developed the first electric-powered submarine which was launched in 1888, but it was not accepted by the naval authorities. He then left the navy to develop other inventions commercially.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Winter Olympic Games", "paragraph_text": "The Olympic Winter Games (official name) (French: Jeux olympiques d'hiver) is a major international sporting event held once every four years, for sports practised on snow and ice. The first Winter Olympics, the 1924 Winter Olympics, was held in Chamonix, France. The original five sports (broken into nine disciplines) were bobsleigh, curling, ice hockey, Nordic skiing (consisting of the disciplines military patrol, cross-country skiing, Nordic combined, and ski jumping), and skating (consisting of the disciplines figure skating and speed skating). The Games were held every four years from 1924 to 1936, interrupted in 1940 and 1944 by World War II, and resumed in 1948. Until 1992 the Winter and Summer Olympic Games were held in the same years, but in accordance with a 1986 decision by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) to place the Summer and Winter Games on separate four - year cycles in alternating even - numbered years, the next Winter Olympics after 1992 was in 1994.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Basque pelota at the 1924 Summer Olympics", "paragraph_text": "Basque Pelota was a demonstration sport at the 1924 Summer Olympics in Paris. It was the second time that the sport was included in the Olympic program; it was an official Olympic sport at the 1900 Games that were also held in Paris. It would be included as a demonstration in another two occasions at the 1968 Games in Mexico City and the 1992 Games in Barcelona.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "2018 Winter Olympics", "paragraph_text": "The 2018 Winter Olympics, officially known as the XXIII Olympic Winter Games (Korean: 제 23 회동계올림픽, translit. Jeisipsamhoe Donggye Ollimpik), officially stylized and commonly known as PyeongChang 2018, is an international multi-sport event currently being held from 9 to 25 February 2018 in Pyeongchang County, South Korea, with the opening rounds for certain events held on the eve of the opening ceremony -- 8 February 2018. Pyeongchang was elected as the host in July 2011, during the 123rd IOC Session in Durban, South Africa. It marks the first time South Korea has hosted the Winter Olympics, and the second Olympics in the country overall after the 1988 Summer Olympics in the nation's capital, Seoul. It also marks the third time East Asia has hosted the Winter Games, after Sapporo, Japan (1972), and Nagano, Japan (1998), and the sixth overall Olympic Games held in East Asia. It is the first of three consecutive Olympic Games scheduled to be held in East Asia, preceding Tokyo 2020 (Summer) and Beijing 2022 (Winter).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Youth Olympic Games", "paragraph_text": "The Youth Olympic Games (YOG) is an international multi-sport event organized by the International Olympic Committee. The games are held every four years in staggered summer and winter events consistent with the current Olympic Games format, though in reverse order with Winter Games held in leap years instead of Summer Games. The first summer version was held in Singapore from 14 to 26 August 2010 while the first winter version was held in Innsbruck, Austria from 13 to 22 January 2012. The age limitation of the athletes is 14 to 18. The idea of such an event was introduced by Johann Rosenzopf from Austria in 1998. On 6 July 2007, International Olympic Committee (IOC) members at the 119th IOC session in Guatemala City approved the creation of a youth version of the Olympic Games, with the intention of sharing the costs of hosting the event between the IOC and the host city, whereas the traveling costs of athletes and coaches were to be paid by the IOC. These Games will also feature cultural exchange programs and opportunities for participants to meet Olympic athletes.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "1896 Summer Olympics", "paragraph_text": "The 1896 Summer Olympics (Modern Greek: Θερινοί Ολυμπιακοί Αγώνες 1896, Therinoí Olympiakoí Agó̱nes 1896), officially known as the Games of the I Olympiad, was the first international Olympic Games held in modern history. Organised by the International Olympic Committee (IOC), which had been created by Pierre de Coubertin, it was held in Athens, Greece, from 6 to 15 April 1896.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 145625, "question": "At what location did Isaac Peral die?", "answer": "Berlin", "paragraph_support_idx": 14 }, { "id": 77801, "question": "when were the olympic games held in #1", "answer": "1936 Summer Olympics", "paragraph_support_idx": 2 } ]

[ "Games of the XI Olympiad", "The Games of the XI Olympiad" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Los Angeles Open", "paragraph_text": "Times hosted Venue Location Years 56 Riviera Country Club Pacific Palisades 1929 -- 30, 1941, 1945 -- 53, 1973 -- 82, 1984 -- 97, 1999 -- 2018 Valencia Country Club Valencia 1998 17 Rancho Park Golf Course Los Angeles 1956 -- 67, 1969 -- 72, 1983 Brookside Golf Course Pasadena 1968 Inglewood Country Club Inglewood 1955 Fox Hills Country Club Culver City 1954 Wilshire Country Club Los Angeles 1928, 1931, 1933, 1944 Hillcrest Country Club Los Angeles 1932, 1942 5 Los Angeles Country Club Los Angeles 1926, 1934 -- 36, 1940 Griffith Park Los Angeles 1937 -- 39 El Caballero Country Club Tarzana 1927", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Amherst Regional High School (Massachusetts)", "paragraph_text": "Amherst Regional High School (ARHS) is a secondary school in Amherst, Massachusetts, United States, for students in grades 9–12. Together with Amherst Regional Middle School, it makes up the Amherst-Pelham Regional School District, which comprises the towns of Amherst, Pelham, Leverett, and Shutesbury, Massachusetts. Its official colors are maroon and white. ARHS's current interim principal is Miki Gromacki.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Estadio Country Club", "paragraph_text": "Estadio Country Club is a soccer-specific stadium located in the sector of Country Club in San Juan, Puerto Rico. It is located approximately 13 miles southeast of Old San Juan.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Chicken riggies", "paragraph_text": "Chicken riggies or Utica riggies is an Italian-American pasta dish native to the Utica-Rome area of New York State. It is a pasta-based dish usually consisting of chicken, rigatoni (hence the name) and hot or sweet peppers in a spicy cream and tomato sauce, although many variations exist. Many of the chefs from the Utica area seem to have a claim to the dish, yet there seems to be no clear idea who was the originator.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Pelham High School (Georgia)", "paragraph_text": "Pelham High School is a public high school located in Pelham, Georgia, United States. The school serves grades 9-12 in the Pelham City School District.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Pelham Bay Park station", "paragraph_text": "Pelham Bay Park is the northern terminal station of the IRT Pelham Line of the New York City Subway. Located by Pelham Bay Park, at the intersection of the Bruckner Expressway and Westchester Avenue in the Bronx, it is served by the 6 train at all times, except weekdays in the peak direction, when the <6> serves it.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Grandfather, North Carolina", "paragraph_text": "Grandfather is a village in Avery County, North Carolina, United States; named after Grandfather Mountain. The village is a fully gated community within Grandfather Golf and Country Club, located along NC 105. The population was 25 at the 2010 census.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Utica, New York", "paragraph_text": "Utica, New York City Clockwise from top: Panorama of downtown from I - 790, Looking south on Utica's Genesee Street, Utica Tower and harbor lock, Union Station, Adirondack Bank Center, Liberty Bell Corner, Stanley Theater Flag Seal City logo Nickname (s): The Handshake City, Sin City, The City that God Forgot, Elm Tree City Location in Oneida County and New York Coordinates: 43 ° 05 ′ 41 ''N 75 ° 16 ′ 33'' W  /  43.09472 ° N 75.27583 ° W  / 43.09472; - 75.27583 Coordinates: 43 ° 05 ′ 41 ''N 75 ° 16 ′ 33'' W  /  43.09472 ° N 75.27583 ° W  / 43.09472; - 75.27583 Country United States State New York Metro Utica -- Rome County Oneida Land grant (village) January 2, 1734 Incorporated (village) April 3, 1798 Incorporated (city) February 13, 1832 Government Type Mayor - council Mayor Robert M. Palmieri (D) Area City 17.02 sq mi (44.07 km) Land 16.76 sq mi (43.40 km) Water 0.26 sq mi (0.66 km) Elevation 456 ft (139 m) Population (2010) City 62,235 Estimate (2016) 60,652 Density 3,619.07 / sq mi (1,397.36 / km) Urban 117,328 (U.S.: 268th) Metro 297,592 (U.S.: 163rd) Demonym (s) Utican Time zone Eastern (EST) (UTC - 5) Summer (DST) EDT (UTC - 4) ZIP codes 13501 - 13505, 13599 Area code (s) 315 FIPS code 36 - 76540 GNIS feature ID 0968324 Website cityofutica.com", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Pelham High School (New Hampshire)", "paragraph_text": "Pelham High School is a high school in Pelham, Hillsborough County, New Hampshire, United States. It is located in the Pelham School District. During the 2010-11 school year it had 622 students.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Sunset Ridge Country Club", "paragraph_text": "Sunset Ridge Country Club is a private country club located in Cook County, just outside the city limits of Northfield, Illinois, a suburb of Chicago.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Útica", "paragraph_text": "Utica is a town and municipality in the Cundinamarca Department, Colombia located some 127 kilometers from Bogotá. The village lies at an altitude of 506 meters above sea level and has an average daily temperature of 26 °C.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Utica, Kansas", "paragraph_text": "Utica is a city in Ness County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 158.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Ohio, New York", "paragraph_text": "Ohio is a town in Herkimer County, New York, United States. The population was 1,002 at the 2010 census. The town is named after the state of Ohio. The town is in the northern part of the county and northeast of Utica. Part of Ohio is within the Adirondack Park.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Country Club, Missouri", "paragraph_text": "Country Club is a village in Andrew County, Missouri, United States. The population was 2,449 at the 2010 census. It is part of the St. Joseph, MO–KS Metropolitan Statistical Area.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Point O'Woods Golf & Country Club", "paragraph_text": "The Point O'Woods Golf & Country Club is a private golf club located in Benton Township, Berrien County, Michigan, United States, near Benton Harbor.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Castle Village", "paragraph_text": "Castle Village is a five-building cooperative apartment complex located on Cabrini Boulevard between West 181st and 186th Streets in the Hudson Heights neighborhood of Manhattan, New York City. It was built in 1938-39 by real estate developer Charles V. Paterno on the site of what had been the castle that was his residence, and was designed by George F. Pelham, Jr., whose father, George F. Pelham, had designed the nearby Hudson View Gardens.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "George F. Pelham", "paragraph_text": "George Frederick Pelham (1867 – February 7, 1937) was an American architect and the son of George Brown Pelham, who was also an architect.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Royal Oaks Country Club", "paragraph_text": "Royal Oaks Country Club is a country club and subdivision in Houston, Texas, United States in the Alief community. The country club is located at 2910 Royal Oaks Club Drive, west of The Galleria. Sunrise Colony Company developed Royal Oaks out of the former Andrau Airpark property.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Kenardo Forbes", "paragraph_text": "Kenardo Forbes (born 15 May 1988) is a Jamaican professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for USL Championship club Pittsburgh Riverhounds SC. He is also on the inactive roster for Major Arena Soccer League club Utica City, who he has played for since 2011.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Pelham Country Club", "paragraph_text": "Pelham Country Club is a country club located on the border of Pelham Manor and New Rochelle in Westchester County, New York. The club hosted the PGA Championship in 1923, which Gene Sarazen won.", "is_supporting": true } ]

[ { "id": 129487, "question": "In which state is Pelham Country Club located?", "answer": "New York", "paragraph_support_idx": 19 }, { "id": 43551, "question": "what is the population of utica #1", "answer": "60,652", "paragraph_support_idx": 7 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "India at the 2018 Commonwealth Games", "paragraph_text": "India competed at the 2018 Commonwealth Games on the Gold Coast, Australia from 4 to 15 April 2018. It was India's 18th appearance at the Commonwealth Games. With 26 Gold medals and a total of 66 medals, India finished 3rd for the tournament. It was India's best position since the 2010 Commonwealth Games.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 1, "title": "New Zealand at the 2014 Commonwealth Games", "paragraph_text": "New Zealand at the 2014 Commonwealth Games CGF code NZL CGA New Zealand Olympic Committee Website www.olympic.org.nz in Glasgow, Scotland Competitors 238 in 17 sports Flag bearer Valerie Adams (opening) Richie Patterson (closing) Medals Ranked 6th Gold 14 Silver 14 Bronze 17 Total 45 Officials Rob Waddell (chef de mission) Commonwealth Games appearances (overview) British Empire Games 1930 1934 1938 1950 British Empire and Commonwealth Games 1954 1958 1962 1966 British Commonwealth Games 1970 Commonwealth Games 1978 1982 1986 1990 1994 1998 2002 2006 2014 2018", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Gymnastics at the Commonwealth Games", "paragraph_text": "Gymnastics is one of the sports at the quadrennial Commonwealth Games competition. It has been a Commonwealth Games sport since 1978. It is an optional sport and may, or may not, be included in the sporting programme of each edition of the Games.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Commonwealth of the Philippines", "paragraph_text": "The Commonwealth of the Philippines (; ) was the administrative body that governed the Philippines from 1935 to 1946, aside from a period of exile in the Second World War from 1942 to 1945 when Japan occupied the country. It replaced the Insular Government, a United States territorial government, and was established by the Tydings–McDuffie Act. The Commonwealth was designed as a transitional administration in preparation for the country's full achievement of independence.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Tibet", "paragraph_text": "After the Dalai Lama's government fled to Dharamsala, India, during the 1959 Tibetan Rebellion, it established a rival government-in-exile. Afterwards, the Central People's Government in Beijing renounced the agreement and began implementation of the halted social and political reforms. During the Great Leap Forward, between 200,000 and 1,000,000 Tibetans died, and approximately 6,000 monasteries were destroyed during the Cultural Revolution. In 1962 China and India fought a brief war over the disputed South Tibet and Aksai Chin regions. Although China won the war, Chinese troops withdrew north of the McMahon Line, effectively ceding South Tibet to India.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Prime Minister of Dominica", "paragraph_text": "The Prime Minister of Dominica is the head of government in the Commonwealth of Dominica. Nominally, the position was created on November 3, 1978 when Dominica gained independence from the United Kingdom. Hitherto, the position existed de facto as Premier.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Stanisław Kot", "paragraph_text": "From 1945 to 1947 he cooperated with the Provisional Government on National Unity (\"Tymczasowy Rząd Jedności Narodowej\"), which attempted to bring together the Polish Government in Exile and Soviet-sponsored Polish communist government. During that time he was the Polish ambassador to Rome. Eventually, Stanisław Kot resigned his post in 1947 and remained in exile, fearing a return to Poland, where he was likely to face charges of treason and possible execution. He remained a supporter of the London-based government in exile, and a leader of the Polish People's Party in exile from 1955, until his death in Middlesex, United Kingdom in 1975.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Netball at the Commonwealth Games", "paragraph_text": "Netball is one of the sports at the quadrennial Commonwealth Games competition. It has been a Commonwealth Games sport since 1998. Netball is a core sport and must be included in the sporting programme of each edition of the Games.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Tibetan Army", "paragraph_text": "The Tibetan Army () was the military force of Tibet after its \"de facto\" independence in 1912 until the 1950s. As a ground army modernised with the assistance of British training and equipment, it served as the \"de facto\" armed forces of the Tibetan government.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Commonwealth Games", "paragraph_text": "The Commonwealth Games are an international multi-sport event involving athletes from the Commonwealth of Nations. The event was first held in 1930, and has taken place every four years since then. The Commonwealth Games were known as the British Empire Games from 1930 to 1950, the British Empire and Commonwealth Games from 1954 to 1966, and British Commonwealth Games from 1970 to 1974. It is the world's first multi-sport event which inducted equal number of women's and men's medal events and was implemented recently in the 2018 Commonwealth Games.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Prime minister", "paragraph_text": "In non-Commonwealth countries the prime minister may be entitled to the style of Excellency like a president. In some Commonwealth countries prime ministers and former prime ministers are styled Right Honourable due to their position, for example in the Prime Minister of Canada. In the United Kingdom the prime minister and former prime ministers may appear to also be styled Right Honourable, however this is not due to their position as head of government but as a privilege of being current members of Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "South Africa at the Commonwealth Games", "paragraph_text": "South Africa at the Commonwealth Games CGF code RSA CGA South African Sports Confederation and Olympic Committee Website sascoc.co.za Medals Ranked 6th Gold 130 Silver 123 Bronze 136 Total 389 Commonwealth Games appearances (overview) British Empire Games 1930 1934 1938 1950 British Empire and Commonwealth Games 1954 1958 1962 -- 1966 British Commonwealth Games 1970 -- 1974 Commonwealth Games 1978 -- 1990 1994 1998 2002 2006 2014 2018", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Canada at the 2018 Commonwealth Games", "paragraph_text": "Canada at the 2018 Commonwealth Games Flag of Canada CGF code CAN CGA Commonwealth Games Canada Website commonwealthgames.ca in Gold Coast, Australia Competitors 282 in 17 sports Flag bearer Meaghan Benfeito (opening ceremony) Erica Wiebe (closing ceremony) Medals Ranked 4th Gold 15 Silver 40 Bronze 27 Total 82 Commonwealth Games appearances (overview) British Empire Games 1930 1934 1938 1950 British Empire and Commonwealth Games 1954 1958 1962 1966 British Commonwealth Games 1970 Commonwealth Games 1978 1982 1986 1998 2002 2006 2014 2018", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Minister of State for Trade", "paragraph_text": "The Minister of State for Trade is an executive position in the Government of the United Kingdom, in both the Foreign and Commonwealth Office and the Department for Business, Innovation and Skills. The post is responsible for the activities of UK Trade & Investment (UKTI).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "New Delhi", "paragraph_text": "The city hosted the 2010 Commonwealth Games and annually hosts Delhi Half Marathon foot-race. The city has previously hosted the 1951 Asian Games and the 1982 Asian Games. New Delhi was interested in bidding for the 2019 Asian Games but was turned down by the government on 2 August 2010 amid allegations of corruption in 2010 Commonwealth Games .", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Tibet", "paragraph_text": "The language has numerous regional dialects which are generally not mutually intelligible. It is employed throughout the Tibetan plateau and Bhutan and is also spoken in parts of Nepal and northern India, such as Sikkim. In general, the dialects of central Tibet (including Lhasa), Kham, Amdo and some smaller nearby areas are considered Tibetan dialects. Other forms, particularly Dzongkha, Sikkimese, Sherpa, and Ladakhi, are considered by their speakers, largely for political reasons, to be separate languages. However, if the latter group of Tibetan-type languages are included in the calculation, then 'greater Tibetan' is spoken by approximately 6 million people across the Tibetan Plateau. Tibetan is also spoken by approximately 150,000 exile speakers who have fled from modern-day Tibet to India and other countries.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Commonwealth Games", "paragraph_text": "The 2010 Commonwealth Games were held in Delhi, India. The Games cost $11 billion and are the most expensive Commonwealth Games ever. It was the first time that the Commonwealth Games were held in India, also the first time that a Commonwealth Republic hosted the games and the second time they were held in Asia after Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia in 1998. A total of 6,081 athletes from 71 Commonwealth nations and dependencies competed in 21 sports and 272 events. The final medal tally was led by Australia. The host nation India achieved its best performance ever in any sporting event, finishing second overall. Rwanda made its Games debut.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Tibet", "paragraph_text": "Following the Xinhai Revolution against the Qing dynasty in 1912, Qing soldiers were disarmed and escorted out of Tibet Area (Ü-Tsang). The region subsequently declared its independence in 1913 without recognition by the subsequent Chinese Republican government. Later, Lhasa took control of the western part of Xikang, China. The region maintained its autonomy until 1951 when, following the Battle of Chamdo, Tibet became incorporated into the People's Republic of China, and the previous Tibetan government was abolished in 1959 after a failed uprising. Today, China governs western and central Tibet as the Tibet Autonomous Region while the eastern areas are now mostly ethnic autonomous prefectures within Sichuan, Qinghai and other neighbouring provinces. There are tensions regarding Tibet's political status and dissident groups that are active in exile. It is also said that Tibetan activists in Tibet have been arrested or tortured.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "2018 Commonwealth Games", "paragraph_text": "The 2018 Commonwealth Games, officially known as the XXI Commonwealth Games and commonly known as Gold Coast 2018, is an international multi-sport event for members of the Commonwealth that is currently being held in the Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia, between 4 and 15 April 2018. The winning bid was announced in Basseterre, Saint Kitts, on 11 November 2011. It is the fifth time Australia has hosted the Commonwealth Games.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay", "paragraph_text": "India rejected Chinese demands that the torch route be clear of India's 150,000-strong Tibetan exile community, by which they required a ban on congregation near the curtailed 3 km route. In response Indian officials said India was a democracy, and \"a wholesale ban on protests was out of the question\". Contradicting some other reports, Indian officials also refused permission to the \"Olympic Holy Flame Protection Unit\". The combined effect is a \"rapid deterioration\" of relations between India and China. Meanwhile, the Tibetan government in exile, which is based in India, has stated that it did not support the disruption of the Olympic torch relay.", "is_supporting": true } ]

[ { "id": 3767, "question": "Where is the exiled Tibetan government?", "answer": "India", "paragraph_support_idx": 19 }, { "id": 49566, "question": "what is the position of #1 in commonwealth games", "answer": "3rd", "paragraph_support_idx": 0 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Smutnoye Vremia", "paragraph_text": "Смутное Время (Smutnoye Vremia, Russian for \"Time of Troubles\") is a standalone album by vocalist Valery Kipelov and guitarist Sergey Mavrin, both formerly of Aria (Kipelov was still a member of Aria when it was released). Alik Granovsky, former Aria bassist, was a guest musician on \"SV\", but composed no songs for it. Songs from the album are still played both by Kipelov's group \"Kipelov\" and Mavrin's \"Mavrik\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "ITC Grand Chola Hotel", "paragraph_text": "The hotel is the first in the country to obtain a 5 - star rating from the Association for Development and Research of Sustainable Habitats (ADaRSH). It was rated on 34 criteria, categorised under various sections, including site selection and planning, conservation, utilisation of resources, and building operation and maintenance.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Dallas Crane (album)", "paragraph_text": "Dallas Crane is the fourth studio album by Australian rock band Dallas Crane. It was released in 2004 and was nominated for the ARIA Music Awards in the Best Rock Album category. It had a favorable critical reception, rated four stars by both \"The Age\", which described it as sounding \"like it was knocked off live over a boozy weekend\", and the \"Sunday Herald Sun\", which rated it \"one of the most impressive rock albums of the past decade ... rivalling \"Face to Face, Big Bad Noise\" and \"Jaws of Life\" in the realm of Aussie classics\". It earned 3½ stars from \"The Herald Sun\" and 7/10 by the \"Sun-Herald\". It was ranked No.2 on a \"Sunday Herald Sun\" list of the best albums of 2004.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Jonathan Arias", "paragraph_text": "Jonathan Arias Tenorio (born 18 April 1986, in Toluca, Mexico) is a Mexican football, who plays as central defender for Club Toluca of Primera División de México.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Same-sex marriage in the Netherlands", "paragraph_text": "Same-sex marriage in the Netherlands has been legal since 1 April 2001. The Netherlands was the first country in the world to legalize same-sex marriage.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Barricades & Brickwalls", "paragraph_text": "Barricades & Brickwalls is the second studio album by Australian country music singer Kasey Chambers released in Australia on 3 September 2001 by Essence Records and on 12 February 2002 on Warner Bros. Records in the U.S. The album was mainly written by Chambers with help from Worm Werchon and her father Bill Chambers. \"Barricades & Brickwalls\" debuted in the top ten on the Australian ARIA Albums Chart, and sales were considerably high of those of Chambers first album, \"The Captain\" (1999). Its singles were successful in most music markets, \"Not Pretty Enough\", the most successful song from the album gave Chambers her first number-one single in Australia and reached #4 in New Zealand. Other singles includes \"Runaway Train\", \"On a Bad Day\", \"Million Tears\" and \"If I Were You\". The commercial success of the album led the album to eight nominations at the ARIA Awards.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Interreligious Council of Bosnia and Herzegovina", "paragraph_text": "The Interreligious Council of Bosnia and Herzegovina (\"Međureligijsko vijeće u Bosni i Hercegovini, MRV\") was established in 1997 with help from the World Conference of Religions for Peace. Its founding members included Grand Mufti Mustafa Cerić, Metropolitan Nikolaj of Dabar-Bosnia, Cardinal and Archbishop of Vrhbosna Vinko Puljić, and Jakob Finci of Jewish Community of Bosnia and Herzegovina.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "List of Fitbit products", "paragraph_text": "An updated version of the Aria was announced in August 2017 concurrent with the Ionic. The Aria 2 has been re-engineered for greater accuracy and easier Bluetooth setup. The Aria 2 also has personalized face icons and greetings, compatibility with more Wi - Fi networks, and has an increased weight tolerance of up to 400 pounds. The product was released in late 2017.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Wall of Soundz", "paragraph_text": "Wall of Soundz is the third studio album from Irish singer-songwriter, Brian McFadden. It was released in Australia on 23 April 2010. The album debuted on the ARIA Albums Chart at #27, its highest peak to date, and spent only three weeks in the ARIA top 50. The album produced McFadden's fourth number one single, \"Just Say So\", which features American rapper, Kevin Rudolf and gained a platinum accreditation, as well as the second single, \"Chemical Rush\" which peaked within the ARIA top 15.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Asthma", "paragraph_text": "As of 2011, 235–330 million people worldwide are affected by asthma, and approximately 250,000–345,000 people die per year from the disease. Rates vary between countries with prevalences between 1 and 18%. It is more common in developed than developing countries. One thus sees lower rates in Asia, Eastern Europe and Africa. Within developed countries it is more common in those who are economically disadvantaged while in contrast in developing countries it is more common in the affluent. The reason for these differences is not well known. Low and middle income countries make up more than 80% of the mortality.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Jews", "paragraph_text": "Rates of interreligious marriage vary widely: In the United States, it is just under 50%, in the United Kingdom, around 53%; in France; around 30%, and in Australia and Mexico, as low as 10%. In the United States, only about a third of children from intermarriages affiliate with Jewish religious practice. The result is that most countries in the Diaspora have steady or slightly declining religiously Jewish populations as Jews continue to assimilate into the countries in which they live.[citation needed]", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Aria Resort and Casino", "paragraph_text": "Aria Resort and Casino Aria Resort & Casino seen from above Location Paradise, Nevada, U.S. Address 3730 South Las Vegas Boulevard Opening date December 16, 2009; 8 years ago (2009 - 12 - 16) No. of rooms 4,004 Total gaming space 150,000 sq ft (14,000 m) Signature attractions Aria Art Collection Notable restaurants Sage, Julian Serrano, Bar Masa, Jean Georges, Bardot Brasserie, Tetsu Owner MGM Resorts International and Infinity World Development Architect Pelli Clarke Pelli Website aria.com", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Clown Prince", "paragraph_text": "\"Clown Prince\" is a single released by Australian hip-hop band, the Hilltop Hoods. The single, the first from the 2006 album, \"The Hard Road\", reached #30 in the ARIA charts, becoming the first Hilltop Hoods song to appear on the ARIA Singles Chart. The song also charted at #23 on the Triple J Hottest 100, 2006 list.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Dido's Lament", "paragraph_text": "Dido's Lament is the aria ``When I am laid in earth ''from the opera Dido and Aeneas by Henry Purcell (libretto by Nahum Tate).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Cosby Sweater", "paragraph_text": "\"Cosby Sweater\" is a song by Australian hip hop group, Hilltop Hoods. It was released as the third single from the group's seventh studio album, \"Walking Under Stars\" (2014). In Australia, \"Cosby Sweater\" peaked at No. 4 on the Australian ARIA Singles Chart, becoming Hilltop Hoods' highest charting single to date and their third top ten hit overall. The song was rated number three in Triple J's Hottest 100 2014. The song's accompanying music video was released on 3 October 2014 via the Australian iTunes Store.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Totally Jodie Marsh", "paragraph_text": "The auditions themselves were not successful, as they drew fewer people than expected. From the beginning of the series, ratings dropped rapidly, and as a result MTV One screened a double bill for episodes 4 and 5. Details of her marriage and venue were revealed before the show was halfway complete.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Culture of India", "paragraph_text": "Arranged marriages have long been the norm in Indian society. Even today, the majority of Indians have their marriages planned by their parents and other respected family-members. In the past, the age of marriage was young. The average age of marriage for women in India has increased to 21 years, according to 2011 Census of India. In 2009, about 7% of women got married before the age of 18.In most of the marriages the bride's family provide a dowry to the bridegroom. Traditionally, the dowry was considered a woman's share of the family wealth, since a daughter had no legal claim on her natal family's real estate. It also typically included portable valuables such as jewellery and household goods that a bride could control throughout her life. Historically, in most families the inheritance of family estates passed down the male line. Since 1956, Indian laws treat males and females as equal in matters of inheritance without a legal will. Indians are increasingly using a legal will for inheritance and property succession, with about 20 percent using a legal will by 2004.In India, the divorce rate is low — 1% compared with about 40% in the United States. These statistics do not reflect a complete picture, though. There is a dearth of scientific surveys or studies on Indian marriages where the perspectives of both husbands and wives were solicited in-depth. Sample surveys suggest the issues with marriages in India are similar to trends observed elsewhere in the world. The divorce rates are rising in India. Urban divorce rates are much higher. Women initiate about 80 percent of divorces in India.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Kasey Chambers", "paragraph_text": "Kasey Chambers (born 4 June 1976) is an Australian country singer-songwriter and musician born in Mount Gambier. She is the daughter of fellow musicians, Diane and Bill Chambers, and the younger sister of musician and producer, Nash Chambers. All four were members of a family country music group, Dead Ringer Band, from 1992 to 1998, with Chambers starting her solo career thereafter. Five of her twelve studio albums have reached No. 1 on the ARIA Albums Chart, \"Barricades & Brickwalls\" (September 2001), \"Wayward Angel\" (May 2004), \"Carnival\" (August 2006) \"Rattlin' Bones\" (with her then-husband, Shane Nicholson) (April 2008) and \"Dragonfly\" (January 2017). In November 2018 she was inducted into the ARIA Hall of Fame and has won an additional fourteen ARIA Music Awards with nine for Best Country Album. Her autobiography, \"A Little Bird Told Me...\", which was co-authored with music journalist, Jeff Apter, was released in 2011.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Swinging with the Finkels", "paragraph_text": "Swinging with the Finkels is a 2011 British comedy film directed by Jonathan Newman and starring Mandy Moore, Martin Freeman and Melissa George. The screenplay concerns a wealthy London couple who decide to take up \"swinging\" (as in \"partner swapping\") in an attempt to save their struggling marriage. The film was picked up by Freestyle Releasing and had a limited release date in the United States on 26 August 2011.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "The New Bush", "paragraph_text": "The New Bush is the tenth studio album released by Australian Country Musician Lee Kernaghan. It got nominated for six Golden Guitar trophies, winning four at the Country Music Awards of Australia. The album peaked at number six on the ARIA Charts and was certified platinum.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 102882, "question": "What country was Jonathan Arias from?", "answer": "Mexico", "paragraph_support_idx": 3 }, { "id": 21126, "question": "What is the rate of interreligious marriage in #1 ?", "answer": "as low as 10%", "paragraph_support_idx": 10 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Mali", "paragraph_text": "Mali (; ), officially the Republic of Mali (), is a landlocked country in West Africa. Mali is the eighth-largest country in Africa, with an area of just over . The population of Mali is /1e6 round 1 million. 67% of its population was estimated to be under the age of 25 in 2017. Its capital is Bamako. The sovereign state of Mali consists of eight regions and its borders on the north reach deep into the middle of the Sahara Desert, while the country's southern part, where the majority of inhabitants live, features the Niger and Senegal rivers. The country's economy centers on agriculture and mining. Some of Mali's prominent natural resources include gold, being the third largest producer of gold in the African continent, and salt.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Huguenots", "paragraph_text": "Following the French Crown's revocation of the Edict of Nantes, many Huguenots settled in Ireland in the late 17th and early 18th centuries, encouraged by an act of parliament for Protestants' settling in Ireland. Huguenot regiments fought for William of Orange in the Williamite war in Ireland, for which they were rewarded with land grants and titles, many settling in Dublin. Significant Huguenot settlements were in Dublin, Cork, Portarlington, Lisburn, Waterford and Youghal. Smaller settlements, which included Killeshandra in County Cavan, contributed to the expansion of flax cultivation and the growth of the Irish linen industry.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Battle of Dreux", "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Dreux was fought on 19 December 1562 between Catholics and Huguenots. The Catholics were led by Anne de Montmorency while Louis I, Prince of Condé led the Huguenots. Though commanders from both sides were captured, the French Catholics won the battle.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Huguenots", "paragraph_text": "The exodus of Huguenots from France created a brain drain, as many Huguenots had occupied important places in society. The kingdom did not fully recover for years. The French crown's refusal to allow non-Catholics to settle in New France may help to explain that colony's slow rate of population growth compared to that of the neighbouring British colonies, which opened settlement to religious dissenters. By the time of the French and Indian War (the North American front of the Seven Years' War), a sizeable population of Huguenot descent lived in the British colonies, and many participated in the British defeat of New France in 1759-60.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Huguenots", "paragraph_text": "Most of the Huguenot congregations (or individuals) in North America eventually affiliated with other Protestant denominations with more numerous members. The Huguenots adapted quickly and often married outside their immediate French communities, which led to their assimilation. Their descendants in many families continued to use French first names and surnames for their children well into the nineteenth century. Assimilated, the French made numerous contributions to United States economic life, especially as merchants and artisans in the late Colonial and early Federal periods. For example, E.I. du Pont, a former student of Lavoisier, established the Eleutherian gunpowder mills.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Huguenots", "paragraph_text": "Approximately one million Protestants in modern France represent some 2% of its population. Most are concentrated in Alsace in northeast France and the Cévennes mountain region in the south, who still regard themselves as Huguenots to this day.[citation needed] A diaspora of French Australians still considers itself Huguenot, even after centuries of exile. Long integrated into Australian society, it is encouraged by the Huguenot Society of Australia to embrace and conserve its cultural heritage, aided by the Society's genealogical research services.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "St. Augustine, Florida", "paragraph_text": "Founded in 1565 by the Spanish conquistador, Pedro Menéndez de Avilés, St. Augustine is the oldest continuously occupied settlement of European origin in the contiguous United States. In 1562, a group of Huguenots led by Jean Ribault arrived in Spanish Florida to establish a colony in the territory claimed by Spain. They explored the mouth of the St. Johns River, calling it la Rivière de Mai (the River May), then sailed northward and established a settlement called Charlesfort at Port Royal Sound in present - day South Carolina. Spain learned of this French expedition through its spies at ports on the Atlantic coast of France. The Huguenot nobleman René de Laudonnière, who had participated in the expedition, returned to Florida in 1564 with three ships and 300 Huguenot colonists. He arrived at the mouth of the River May on June 22, 1564, sailed up it a few miles, and founded Fort Caroline.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "List of countries by gold production", "paragraph_text": "For many years until 2006, South Africa was the world's dominant gold producer, but recently other countries with large surface area have surpassed South Africa: China, Russia, Canada, the United States, Peru and Australia. Albeit, none of these countries have approached South Africa's peak production which occurred in the 1970s. Note the figures are for primary production. In the US, for example, for the years 2010 - 14, new and old scrap exceeded both primary production and reported domestic consumption.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Gold Fields", "paragraph_text": "Gold Fields Limited is one of the world’s largest gold mining firms. Headquartered in Johannesburg, South Africa, the company is listed on both the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE) and the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE). The firm was formed in 1998 with the amalgamation of the gold assets of Gold Fields of South Africa Limited and Gencor Limited. As of the third quarter of 2014, Gold Field was the world's seventh-largest producer of gold.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "France", "paragraph_text": "The monarchy reached its peak during the 17th century and the reign of Louis XIV. By turning powerful feudal lords into courtiers at the Palace of Versailles, Louis XIV's personal power became unchallenged. Remembered for his numerous wars, he made France the leading European power. France became the most populous country in Europe and had tremendous influence over European politics, economy, and culture. French became the most-used language in diplomacy, science, literature and international affairs, and remained so until the 20th century. France obtained many overseas possessions in the Americas, Africa and Asia. Louis XIV also revoked the Edict of Nantes, forcing thousands of Huguenots into exile.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Huguenots in South Africa", "paragraph_text": "On 31 December 1687 a group of Huguenots set sail from France as the first of the large scale emigration of Huguenots to the Cape of Good Hope, which took place during 1688 and 1689. In total some 180 Huguenots from France, and 18 Walloons from the present - day Belgium, eventually settled at the Cape of Good Hope. A notable example of this is the emigration of Huguenots from La Motte d'Aigues in Provence, France. After this large scale emigration, individual Huguenot immigrant families arrived at the Cape of Good Hope as late as the first quarter of the 18th century, and the state - subsidised emigration of Huguenots was stopped in 1706.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 11, "title": "List of deepest mines", "paragraph_text": "Number Name of mine Depth Location Mponeng Gold Mine 4.0 km South Africa Gold mine TauTona Gold Mine 3.9 km South Africa Gold mine Savuka Gold Mine 3.7 km South Africa Gold mine Driefontein, Gauteng 3.4 km South Africa Gold mine Kusasalethu mine 3.27 km South Africa Gold mine 6 Moab Khotsong mine 3.05 km South Africa Gold mine 7 South Deep mine 2.99 km South Africa Gold mine 8 Kidd Mine 2.92 km Canada Copper / Zinc mine 9 Great Noligwa Gold Mine 2.6 km South Africa Gold mine 10 Creighton Mine 2.5 km Canada Nickel mine", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Jules Michelet", "paragraph_text": "Jules Michelet (; 21 August 1798 – 9 February 1874) was a French historian. He was born in Paris to a family with Huguenot traditions.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Huguenots", "paragraph_text": "Stadtholder William III of Orange, who later became King of England, emerged as the strongest opponent of king Louis XIV after the French attacked the Dutch Republic in 1672. William formed the League of Augsburg as a coalition to oppose Louis and the French state. Consequently, many Huguenots considered the wealthy and Calvinist Dutch Republic, which led the opposition to Louis XIV, as the most attractive country for exile after the revocation of the Edict of Nantes. They also found many French-speaking Calvinist churches there.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Huguenots", "paragraph_text": "Many of the farms in the Western Cape province in South Africa still bear French names. Many families, today mostly Afrikaans-speaking, have surnames indicating their French Huguenot ancestry. Examples include: Blignaut, Cilliers, de Klerk (Le Clercq), de Villiers, du Plessis, Du Preez (Des Pres), du Randt (Durand), du Toit, Duvenhage(Du Vinage), Franck, Fouche, Fourie (Fleurit), Gervais, Giliomee (Guilliaume), Gous/Gouws (Gauch), Hugo, Jordaan (Jourdan), Joubert, Kriek, Labuschagne (la Buscagne), le Roux, Lombard, Malan, Malherbe, Marais, Maree, Minnaar (Mesnard), Nel (Nell),Naude', Nortje (Nortier), Pienaar (Pinard), Retief (Retif), Rossouw (Rousseau), Taljaard (Taillard), TerBlanche, Theron, Viljoen (Villion) and Visagie (Visage). The wine industry in South Africa owes a significant debt to the Huguenots, some of whom had vineyards in France, or were brandy distillers, and used their skills in their new home.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Huguenots", "paragraph_text": "Huguenot immigrants did not disperse or settle in different parts of the country, but rather, formed three societies or congregations; one in the city of New York, another 21 miles north of New York in a town which they named New Rochelle, and a third further upstate in New Paltz. The \"Huguenot Street Historic District\" in New Paltz has been designated a National Historic Landmark site and contains the oldest street in the United States of America. A small group of Huguenots also settled on the south shore of Staten Island along the New York Harbor, for which the current neighborhood of Huguenot was named.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Lists of countries by mineral production", "paragraph_text": "Metal Leading Producer Second Leading Producer Complete list Aluminium China Russia List of countries by aluminium production Bauxite Australia China List of countries by bauxite production Bismuth China Mexico List of countries by bismuth production Copper Chile China List of countries by copper production Gold China Australia List of countries by gold production Iron ore Australia Brazil List of countries by iron ore production Lithium Australia Chile List of countries by lithium production Manganese South Africa Australia List of countries by manganese production Mercury China Mexico List of countries by mercury production Mica China Russia List of countries by mica production Nickel Philippines Russia List of countries by nickel production Niobium Brazil Canada List of countries by niobium production Palladium Russia South Africa List of countries by palladium production Platinum South Africa Russia List of countries by platinum production Silver Mexico China List of countries by silver production Tin China Indonesia List of countries by tin production Titanium Australia South Africa (tied) List of countries by titanium production Zinc China Australia List of countries by zinc production", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Huguenots", "paragraph_text": "The revocation forbade Protestant services, required education of children as Catholics, and prohibited emigration. It proved disastrous to the Huguenots and costly for France. It precipitated civil bloodshed, ruined commerce, and resulted in the illegal flight from the country of hundreds of thousands of Protestants, many of whom became intellectuals, doctors and business leaders in Britain as well as Holland, Prussia, and South Africa. Four thousand emigrated to the North American colonies, where they settled in New York and Virginia, especially. The English welcomed the French refugees, providing money from both government and private agencies to aid their relocation. Those Huguenots who stayed in France became Catholics and were called \"new converts\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Huguenots", "paragraph_text": "In Berlin, the Huguenots created two new neighbourhoods: Dorotheenstadt and Friedrichstadt. By 1700, one-fifth of the city's population was French speaking. The Berlin Huguenots preserved the French language in their church services for nearly a century. They ultimately decided to switch to German in protest against the occupation of Prussia by Napoleon in 1806-07. Many of their descendents rose to positions of prominence. Several congregations were founded, such as those of Fredericia (Denmark), Berlin, Stockholm, Hamburg, Frankfurt, Helsinki, and Emden.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Pierre des Maizeaux", "paragraph_text": "Pierre des Maizeaux, also spelled Desmaizeaux (c. 1666 or 1673June 1745), was a French Huguenot writer exiled in London, best known as the translator and biographer of Pierre Bayle.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 81331, "question": "which country has the most gold in africa", "answer": "South Africa", "paragraph_support_idx": 7 }, { "id": 49445, "question": "when did the french huguenots arrived in #1", "answer": "31 December 1687", "paragraph_support_idx": 10 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Black people", "paragraph_text": "From the late 19th century, the South used a colloquial term, the one-drop rule, to classify as black a person of any known African ancestry. This practice of hypodescent was not put into law until the early 20th century. Legally the definition varied from state to state. Racial definition was more flexible in the 18th and 19th centuries before the American Civil War. For instance, President Thomas Jefferson held persons who were legally white (less than 25% black) according to Virginia law at the time, but, because they were born to slave mothers, they were born into slavery, according to the principle of partus sequitur ventrem, which Virginia adopted into law in 1662.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Virginia in the American Civil War", "paragraph_text": "Most of the battles in the Eastern Theater of the American Civil War took place in Virginia because the Confederacy had to defend its national capital at Richmond, and public opinion in the North demanded that the Union move ``On to Richmond! ''The successes of Robert E. Lee in defending Richmond are a central theme of the military history of the war. The White House of the Confederacy, located a few blocks north of the State Capitol, was home to the family of Confederate leader Jefferson Davis.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Daniel P. Reigle", "paragraph_text": "Daniel P. Reigle (February 19, 1841 – March 19, 1917) was a Union Army soldier during the American Civil War. He received the Medal of Honor for gallantry during the Battle of Cedar Creek fought near Middletown, Virginia on October 19, 1864. The battle was the decisive engagement of Major General Philip Sheridan’s Valley Campaigns of 1864 and was the largest battle fought in the Shenandoah Valley.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Christopher C. Bruton", "paragraph_text": "Christopher C. Bruton (or Braton) (1841–1867) was a Union Army officer during the American Civil War. He received the Medal of Honor for gallantry during the Battle of Waynesboro, Virginia fought on March 2, 1865. It was the final battle for Confederate Lt. Gen. Jubal Early, whose force was destroyed.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Spain", "paragraph_text": "The Spanish Civil War broke out in 1936. For three years the Nationalist forces led by General Francisco Franco and supported by Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy fought the Republican side, which was supported by the Soviet Union, Mexico and International Brigades but it was not supported by the Western powers due to the British-led policy of non-intervention. The civil war was viciously fought and there were many atrocities committed by all sides. The war claimed the lives of over 500,000 people and caused the flight of up to a half-million citizens from the country. In 1939, General Franco emerged victorious and became a dictator.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Ulric L. Crocker", "paragraph_text": "Ulric Lyona Crocker (September 5, 1843 – February 2, 1913) was a Union Army soldier during the American Civil War. He received the Medal of Honor for gallantry during the Battle of Cedar Creek fought near Middletown, Virginia on October 19, 1864. The battle was the decisive engagement of Major General Philip Sheridan's Valley Campaigns of 1864 and was the largest battle fought in the Shenandoah Valley.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Has of Prizren", "paragraph_text": "Hasi has an area of 371 kilometers square and has a population of around 40,000 in the Republic of Kosovo, while in the Republic of Albania it has an area of 374 kilometers square and a population of 21,500. In this way, Hasi has an area of 745 kilometers square and a population of 61,500.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Battle of Tom's Brook", "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Tom's Brook was fought on October 9, 1864, in Shenandoah County, Virginia, during Philip Sheridan's Shenandoah Valley Campaign of the American Civil War. It resulted in a significant Union victory, one that was mockingly dubbed The Woodstock Races for the speed of the Confederate withdrawal.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "George G. Moore", "paragraph_text": "George G. Moore (July 2, 1844 – November 26, 1925) was a Union Army soldier during the American Civil War. He received the Medal of Honor for gallantry during the Battle of Fisher's Hill near Strasburg, Virginia fought September 21–22, 1864. The battle was one of the engagements of the Valley Campaigns of 1864.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "John Morrison Oliver", "paragraph_text": "John Morrison Oliver (September 6, 1828 – March 30, 1872) was a Union general during the American Civil War. He fought in many of the battles involving the Army of the Tennessee, occasionally commanding a brigade.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Richmond, Virginia", "paragraph_text": "By the beginning of the 20th century, the city's population had reached 85,050 in 5 square miles (13 km2), making it the most densely populated city in the Southern United States. In 1900, the Census Bureau reported Richmond's population as 62.1% white and 37.9% black. Freed slaves and their descendants created a thriving African-American business community, and the city's historic Jackson Ward became known as the \"Wall Street of Black America.\" In 1903, African-American businesswoman and financier Maggie L. Walker chartered St. Luke Penny Savings Bank, and served as its first president, as well as the first female bank president in the United States. Today, the bank is called the Consolidated Bank and Trust Company, and it is the oldest surviving African-American bank in the U.S. Other figures from this time included John Mitchell, Jr. In 1910, the former city of Manchester was consolidated with the city of Richmond, and in 1914, the city annexed Barton Heights, Ginter Park, and Highland Park areas of Henrico County. In May 1914, Richmond became the headquarters of the Fifth District of the Federal Reserve Bank.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Ira Hough", "paragraph_text": "Ira Hough (July 2, 1842 – October 18, 1916) was a Union Army soldier during the American Civil War. He received the Medal of Honor for gallantry when he captured an enemy flag during the Battle of Cedar Creek fought near Middletown, Virginia on October 19, 1864. The battle was the decisive engagement of Major General Philip Sheridan's Valley Campaigns of 1864 and was the largest battle fought in the Shenandoah Valley.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Birdwood (Charlottesville, Virginia)", "paragraph_text": "Birdwood is a historic home located on the grounds of the University of Virginia's Birdwood Golf Course near Charlottesville, Albemarle County, Virginia. It is a two-story, brick plantation house built between 1819 and 1830. The main house is a square, double-pile, central-passage plan house with four rooms on each floor and an entry portico supported by four monumental Doric order columns. A massive Colonial Revival addition was built in the early-20th century. Also on the property are a two-room stone plantation quarters, a stable and garage, and a distinctive lighthouse-shaped water tower, and traces of the late 19th or early-20th century ornamental gardens that include sculpture and an elaborate iron and fieldstone gate.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "West Virginia", "paragraph_text": "West Virginia became a state following the Wheeling Conventions of 1861, after the American Civil War had begun. Delegates from some Unionist counties of northwestern Virginia decided to break away from Virginia, although they included many secessionist counties in the new state. West Virginia was admitted to the Union on June 20, 1863, and was a key border state during the war. West Virginia was the only state to form by separating from a Confederate state, the first to separate from any state since Maine separated from Massachusetts, and was one of two states admitted to the Union during the American Civil War (the other being Nevada). While a portion of its residents held slaves, most of the residents were yeomen farmers, and the delegates provided for gradual abolition of slavery in the new state constitution.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Martin Wambsgan", "paragraph_text": "Martin Wambsgan (August 19, 1839 – January 17, 1911) was a German born Union Army soldier during the American Civil War. He received the Medal of Honor for gallantry during the Battle of Cedar Creek fought near Middletown, Virginia on October 19, 1864. The battle was the decisive engagement of Major General Philip Sheridan's Valley Campaigns of 1864 and was the largest battle fought in the Shenandoah Valley.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "John W. Blunt", "paragraph_text": "John W. Blunt (May 5, 1840 – January 21, 1910) was a Union Army officer during the American Civil War. He received the Medal of Honor for gallantry during the Battle of Cedar Creek fought near Middletown, Virginia on October 19, 1864. The battle was the decisive engagement of Major General Philip Sheridan's Valley Campaigns of 1864 and was the largest battle fought in the Shenandoah Valley.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "David H. Scofield", "paragraph_text": "David H. Scofield (December 12, 1840 – September 30, 1905) was a Union Army soldier during the American Civil War. He received the Medal of Honor for gallantry during the Battle of Cedar Creek fought near Middletown, Virginia on October 19, 1864. The battle was the decisive engagement of Major General Philip Sheridan’s Valley Campaigns of 1864 and was the largest battle fought in the Shenandoah Valley.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Mason Carter", "paragraph_text": "Mason Carter (January 26, 1834 – December 11, 1909) was a U.S. Army officer who served in the American Civil War and the Indian Wars during the late 19th century. He received the Medal of Honor for his role in the Battle of Bear Paw fought on January 8, 1877.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Lafayette Square (Buffalo)", "paragraph_text": "Lafayette Square (formerly Court House Park or Courthouse Square) is a park in the center of downtown Buffalo, Erie County, New York, United States that hosts a Civil War monument. The block, which was once square, is lined by many of the city's tallest buildings. The square was named for General Lafayette, who visited Buffalo in 1825.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Cold Harbor, Virginia", "paragraph_text": "Cold Harbor is an unincorporated community in Hanover County, Virginia. The Battle of Cold Harbor was fought in the area in 1864, during the American Civil War.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 86911, "question": "where was the civil war fought in virginia", "answer": "Richmond", "paragraph_support_idx": 1 }, { "id": 39734, "question": "How many square kilometers was #1 at the start of the 20th century?", "answer": "13", "paragraph_support_idx": 10 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Tosantos", "paragraph_text": "Tosantos is a municipality and town located in the province of Burgos, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 60 inhabitants. Tosantos is located on the Camino de Santiago de Compostela, a 1200-year-old pilgrimage route that runs through France and Northern Spain to the Spanish city of Santiago. The hamlet has a pilgrim hostel which is open from April through October and hosts up to 50 pilgrims a night.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Plymouth Rock", "paragraph_text": "Plymouth Rock is the traditional site of disembarkation of William Bradford and the Mayflower Pilgrims who founded Plymouth Colony in 1620. The Pilgrims did not refer to Plymouth Rock in any of their writings; the first known written reference to the rock dates to 1715 when it was described in the town boundary records as ``a great rock. ''The first documented claim that Plymouth Rock was the landing place of the Pilgrims was made by Elder Thomas Faunce in 1741, 121 years after the Pilgrims arrived in Plymouth. From that time to the present, Plymouth Rock has occupied a prominent spot in American tradition and has been interpreted by later generations as a symbol both of the virtues and flaws of the first English people who colonized New England. In 1774, the rock broke in half during an attempt to haul it to Town Square in Plymouth. The top portion (the fragment now visible) sat in Town Square, was moved to Pilgrim Hall Museum in 1834, and was returned to its original site on the shore of Plymouth Harbor in 1880. Today it is ensconced beneath a granite canopy designed by McKim, Mead & White.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Bevercotes", "paragraph_text": "Bevercotes is a hamlet and civil parish in the Bassetlaw district of Nottinghamshire, England, about six miles south of East Retford and five miles north-east of Ollerton. According to the 2001 census it had a population of 28. The population remained less than 100 at the 2011 Census and is included in the civil parish of Bothamsall.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 3, "title": "2006 Hajj stampede", "paragraph_text": "The 2006 Hajj stampede resulted in the deaths of at least 364 pilgrims on 12 January 2006 during the Hajj in Mecca.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Santa Maria della Scala (Siena)", "paragraph_text": "Santa Maria della Scala (also referred to as the Hospital, Ospedale, and Spedale) is located in Siena, Italy. Now a museum, it was once an important civic hospital dedicated to caring for abandoned children, the poor, the sick, and pilgrims. Revenues were earned partially from bequests and donations from the citizens of Siena, particularly the wealthy. The head of the hospital was the rector who managed the lay brothers responsible for its operation.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Pirşağı", "paragraph_text": "Pirşağı (also, Pirshaga and Pirshagi) is a settlement and municipality 34 km away from the railway station of Baku, Azerbaijan. Located on the northern coast of Absheron, it is in the Sabunchu district of Baku city. It is called Pirshagi (the shah of feasts) because it was initially a settlement where pilgrims gathered. A seaside resort, it is considered one of the most ancient settlements in Absheron. It has a population of 4,826.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Pilgrim Hall Museum", "paragraph_text": "The Pilgrim Hall Museum at 75 Court Street in Plymouth, Massachusetts is the oldest public museum in the United States in continuous operation, having opened in 1824.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Pilgrim von Puchheim", "paragraph_text": "Pilgrim von Puchheim ( – 5 April 1396) was Prince-Archbishop of Salzburg (as Pilgrim II) from 1365 until his death. From 1393 onwards, he also was administrator of the Berchtesgaden Provostry. Pilgrim is known as a patron of literature and music with a \"magnificent court\". The Monk of Salzburg lived there for a time, if indeed they are not one and the same person.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Teunga", "paragraph_text": "Teunga is a village in Phulpur tehsil in Azamgarh district of Uttar Pradesh state, India. It comes under Teunga Panchayath. It belongs to Azamgarh division. It is located 36 km west from district headquarters Azamgarh, 2 km from Phulpur and 243 km from state capital Lucknow.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "The Pilgrim (1923 film)", "paragraph_text": "The Pilgrim is a 1923 American silent film made by Charlie Chaplin for the First National Film Company, starring Chaplin and Edna Purviance.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Pilgrims (Plymouth Colony)", "paragraph_text": "The core of the group that came to be known as the Pilgrims were brought together between 1586 and 1605 by shared theological beliefs, as expressed by Richard Clyfton, a Brownist parson at All Saints' Parish Church in Babworth, near East Retford, Nottinghamshire. This congregation held Puritan beliefs comparable to other non-conforming movements (i.e., groups not in communion with the Church of England) led by Robert Browne, John Greenwood, and Henry Barrowe. As Separatists, they also held that their differences with the Church of England were irreconcilable and that their worship should be independent of the trappings, traditions, and organization of a central church -- unlike those Puritans who maintained their membership in and allegiance to the Church of England. William Brewster, a former diplomatic assistant to the Netherlands, was living in the Scrooby manor house, serving as postmaster for the village and bailiff to the Archbishop of York. He had been impressed by Clyfton's services and had begun participating in services led by John Smyth in Gainsborough, Lincolnshire.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Thanksgiving (United States)", "paragraph_text": "The event that Americans commonly call the ``First Thanksgiving ''was celebrated by the Pilgrims after their first harvest in the New World in October 1621. This feast lasted three days, and -- as accounted by attendee Edward Winslow -- it was attended by 90 Native Americans and 53 Pilgrims. The New England colonists were accustomed to regularly celebrating`` thanksgivings'' -- days of prayer thanking God for blessings such as military victory or the end of a drought.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Kayjay, Kentucky", "paragraph_text": "Kayjay is an unincorporated community located in Knox County, Kentucky, United States. Its name comes from the initials of the Kentucky-Jellico Coal Company.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "TAT Nigeria", "paragraph_text": "TAT Nigeria was a Nigerian charter airline based at Murtala Muhammed International Airport in Lagos. It specialized in Christian pilgrim tours mainly to Israel.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Arslanbob", "paragraph_text": "Arslanbob ( - \"Arstanbab\"; ; ) is a village, sub district, valley, mountain range, and a large wild walnut (\"Juglans regia\") forest in the Jalal-Abad Region of Kyrgyzstan. Kyrgyzstan's first known export to Europe was the Arslanbob walnut. Two waterfalls are located in the area which attract tourists, pilgrims and other visitors during the spring and summer months.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Nadol", "paragraph_text": "Nadol is a census town in Desuri tehsil of Pali district, India. Ashapura Mataji temple and Shri Nadol Tirth attract pilgrims.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Pilgrims on the Heart Road", "paragraph_text": "Pilgrims on the Heart Road is an album by Peter Ostroushko, released in 1997. It is the second of the three albums Ostroushko calls his \"heartland trilogy\" — \"Heart of the Heartland\", \"Pilgrims on the Heart Road\", and \"Sacred Heart\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Sitakunda massacre", "paragraph_text": "Sitakunda massacre () refers to the massacre of Hindu pilgrims on 15 February 1950. The Hindu pilgrims from all over East Bengal, Tripura and Assam were on their way to Sitakunda on the occasion of Maha Shivaratri at the Chandranath temple. The pilgrims were attacked by the Ansars and armed Muslim mobs and massacred at the Sitakunda railway station.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "USS Pilgrim II (YFB-30)", "paragraph_text": "USS \"Pilgrim II\" (YFB-30) was a United States Navy motor launch employed as a river patrol boat during her naval service from 1942 to 1947.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Antelope Wells, New Mexico", "paragraph_text": "Antelope Wells is a small unincorporated community in Hidalgo County, New Mexico, United States. The community is located along the Mexico – United States border, in the New Mexico Bootheel region, located across the border from the small settlement of El Berrendo, Chihuahua, Mexico. Despite its name, there are neither antelope nor wells in the area. The name comes from an old ranch, located north of the current community. The only inhabitants of the community are United States Customs and Border Protection employees.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 131206, "question": "Which state is Bevercotes located?", "answer": "England", "paragraph_support_idx": 2 }, { "id": 69301, "question": "where did the pilgrims come from in #1", "answer": "Babworth, near East Retford, Nottinghamshire", "paragraph_support_idx": 10 } ]

[ "Retford" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "India at the Olympics", "paragraph_text": "At the 2016 Summer Olympics, a record number of 118 athletes competed. Sakshi Malik became the first Indian woman wrestler to win an Olympic medal with her bronze medal finish in Women's freestyle 58 kg category. Shuttler P.V. Sindhu became the first Indian woman to win a silver medal in Olympics and also the youngest Indian Olympic medallist.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Yevgeni Podgorny", "paragraph_text": "Yevgeni Anatolyevich Podgorny () (born July 9, 1977 in Novosibirsk) is a former Olympic gymnast who competed for Russia in the two Olympic Games. He won a gold medal in the 1996 and a bronze medal in the 2000 Olympic Games.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Dog", "paragraph_text": "While all dogs are genetically very similar, natural selection and selective breeding have reinforced certain characteristics in certain populations of dogs, giving rise to dog types and dog breeds. Dog types are broad categories based on function, genetics, or characteristics. Dog breeds are groups of animals that possess a set of inherited characteristics that distinguishes them from other animals within the same species. Modern dog breeds are non-scientific classifications of dogs kept by modern kennel clubs.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Winter Olympic Games", "paragraph_text": "Norway led the total medal standings with 39, the highest number of medals by a nation in any Winter Olympics, followed by Germany's 31 and Canada's 29. Host nation South Korea won seventeen medals, their highest medal haul at a Winter Olympics.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Georgios Tsakanikas", "paragraph_text": "Tsakanikas won a gold medal in the 1959 Mediterranean Games and a bronze medal in the 1959 Summer Universiade in shot out, he also represented Greece in the 1956, 1960 and 1964 Summer Olympic Games in shot put and in 1964 in discus throw. Tsakanikas also competed tor Greece in the Balkan Games winning four silver medals in shot put in 1955, 1957, 1959, 1960, 1961. The Balkan Games have now become a loose collection of Balkan Championships. Tsakanikas personal best in shot put is 18, 21 m. achieved on 26 December 1964 in Athens. He died in Athens, March 1, 2016.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Germany at the 2018 Winter Olympics", "paragraph_text": "Germany competed at the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang, South Korea, from 9 to 25 February 2018, with 153 competitors in 14 sports. They won 31 medals in total, 14 gold, 10 silver and 7 bronze, ranking second in the medal table after Norway at the 2018 Winter Olympics. Germany excelled in ice track events (11 medals), biathlon (7 medals), Nordic combined (5 medals) and Ski jumping (4 medals). The men's ice hockey team took a surprise silver medal, having lost a closely contested final to Olympic Athletes from Russia.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Tiina Ala-aho", "paragraph_text": "Tiina first competed in the 2000 Summer Paralympics where she won the gold medal in the F33-34 shot put. Four years later in the expanded F32-34/52/53 shot put she failed to medal but she did win a bronze in the F33/34/52/53 javelin. She then competed in the javelin again at the 2008 Summer Paralympics but failed to medal.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Alisa Camplin", "paragraph_text": "Alisa Peta Camplin (born 10 November 1974) is an Australian aerial skier who won gold at the 2002 Winter Olympics, the second ever winter Olympic gold medal for Australia. At the 2006 Winter Olympics, Camplin finished third to receive a bronze medal. She is the first Australian skier to win medals at consecutive Winter Olympics, making her one of Australia's best skiers.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Dogs in Space", "paragraph_text": "\"Dogs in Space\" centers on a group of young music fans sharing a house in the inner Melbourne suburb of Richmond. Sam (Michael Hutchence) and Tim (Nique Needles) are the key members of a band called Dogs in Space, and share a house with a variety of social misfits, including Sam's girlfriend Anna (Saskia Post), a university student called Luchio (Tony Helou) and a transient and apparently nameless teenager known only as The Girl (Deanna Bond).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Aigars Apinis", "paragraph_text": "Aigars Apinis (9 June 1973 in Aizkraukle) is a Latvian athlete. He participates in F52 class which means he has limited finger movement and no trunk or leg function. He started to practice in 1998, but already at the 2000 Summer Paralympics he won two bronze medals – in discus throw and shot put. At the 2004 Summer Paralympics he became the Olympic champion in discus throw and was 4th in shot put.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Armenia", "paragraph_text": "Prior to 1992, Armenians would participate in the Olympics representing the USSR. As part of the Soviet Union, Armenia was very successful, winning plenty of medals and helping the USSR win the medal standings at the Olympics on numerous occasions. The first medal won by an Armenian in modern Olympic history was by Hrant Shahinyan (sometimes spelled as Grant Shaginyan), who won two golds and two silvers in gymnastics at the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki. To highlight the level of success of Armenians in the Olympics, Shahinyan was quoted as saying:", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Soviet Union at the Olympics", "paragraph_text": "All Summer and Winter Olympic medals of the Soviet Union and the Russian Empire were inherited by Russia, but not combined together with the medal count of the Russian Federation.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Greece", "paragraph_text": "Greece is the birthplace of the ancient Olympic Games, first recorded in 776 BC in Olympia, and hosted the modern Olympic Games twice, the inaugural 1896 Summer Olympics and the 2004 Summer Olympics. During the parade of nations Greece is always called first, as the founding nation of the ancient precursor of modern Olympics. The nation has competed at every Summer Olympic Games, one of only four countries to have done so. Having won a total of 110 medals (30 gold, 42 silver and 38 bronze), Greece is ranked 32nd by gold medals in the all-time Summer Olympic medal count. Their best ever performance was in the 1896 Summer Olympics, when Greece finished second in the medal table with 10 gold medals.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Kyle Pettey", "paragraph_text": "In the 2000 Summer Paralympics Kyle competed in the F35 javelin and won silver medals in the F35 discus and shot put. Four years later competing in the F35 shot and discus he failed to win any medals but in 2008 he won the bronze in the F33-34/52 shot put.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Earlene Brown", "paragraph_text": "Earlene Brown (née \"Dennis;\" June 11, 1935 – May 1, 1983) was an American athlete notable for her careers in track and field and roller games. She competed at the 1956, 1960 and 1964 Olympics in the shot put and discus throw and won a bronze medal in the shot put in 1960; she finished fourth in the discus in 1956.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "A. J. Mleczko", "paragraph_text": "Allison Jaime \"A.J.\" Mleczko is an American ice hockey player and analyst. She won a gold medal at the 1998 Winter Olympics and a silver medal at the 2002 Winter Olympics.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Czechoslovakia", "paragraph_text": "Věra Čáslavská was an Olympic gold medallist in gymnastics, winning seven gold medals and four silver medals. She represented Czechoslovakia in three consecutive Olympics.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Laika", "paragraph_text": "Laika In November 1957, Laika became the first animal launched into Earth orbit, paving the way for human spaceflight during the upcoming years. This photograph shows her in a flight harness. Other name (s) Kudryavka Species Canis lupus familiaris Breed Mongrel, possibly part - husky (or part - Samoyed) and part - terrier Sex Female Laika Лайка c. 1954 Moscow, Soviet Union 3 November 1957 (aged 3) Sputnik 2, in Low Earth orbit Years active 1957 Known for First animal to orbit the Earth Owner Soviet space program Weight 5 kg (11 lb)", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Animals in space", "paragraph_text": "Landmarks for animals in space 1947: First animal in space 1949: First monkey in space 1951: First dogs in space 1957: First animal in orbit 1968: First animals in deep space and to circle the Moon 2007: First animal survives exposure to space", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "United States at the Olympics", "paragraph_text": "U.S. athletes have won a total of 2,522 medals (1,022 of them gold) at the Summer Olympic Games, the most of any nation, and another 305 at the Winter Olympic Games, the second most behind Norway. The U.S. has topped the gold medal count (as the medals are listed on the IOC website, and internationally by tradition) at seventeen Summer Olympics, the most of any nation, and one Winter Olympics. The U.S. holds the record both for the most gold and overall medals won in a single Summer Olympics.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 161837, "question": "Who inherited the Olympic medals?", "answer": "Russia", "paragraph_support_idx": 11 }, { "id": 66157, "question": "when did #1 put a dog in space", "answer": "November 1957", "paragraph_support_idx": 17 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Myanmar", "paragraph_text": "The goal of the Burmese constitutional referendum of 2008, held on 10 May 2008, is the creation of a \"discipline-flourishing democracy\". As part of the referendum process, the name of the country was changed from the \"Union of Myanmar\" to the \"Republic of the Union of Myanmar\", and general elections were held under the new constitution in 2010. Observer accounts of the 2010 election describe the event as mostly peaceful; however, allegations of polling station irregularities were raised, and the United Nations (UN) and a number of Western countries condemned the elections as fraudulent.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Phạm Quỳnh", "paragraph_text": "Phạm Quỳnh (December 17, 1892 – September 6, 1945) was a monarchist during the late Nguyễn Dynasty and supporter of adhering to traditional Vietnamese customs in the establishment of a constitutional monarchy. He was born near Hanoi, Vietnam.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Samoa", "paragraph_text": "Fiame Mata'afa Faumuina Mulinu’u II, one of the four highest-ranking paramount chiefs in the country, became Samoa's first Prime Minister. Two other paramount chiefs at the time of independence were appointed joint heads of state for life. Tupua Tamasese Mea'ole died in 1963, leaving Malietoa Tanumafili II sole head of state until his death on 11 May 2007, upon which Samoa changed from a constitutional monarchy to a parliamentary republic de facto. The next Head of State, Tuiatua Tupua Tamasese Efi, was elected by the legislature on 17 June 2007 for a fixed five-year term, and was re-elected unopposed in July 2012.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Sikkim", "paragraph_text": "In 1975, the Prime Minister of Sikkim appealed to the Indian Parliament for Sikkim to become a state of India. In April of that year, the Indian Army took over the city of Gangtok and disarmed the Chogyal's palace guards. Thereafter, a referendum was held in which 97.5 per cent of voters supported abolishing the monarchy, effectively approving union with India. India is said to have stationed 20,000 -- 40,000 troops in a country of only 200,000 during the referendum. On 16 May 1975, Sikkim became the 22nd state of the Indian Union, and the monarchy was abolished. To enable the incorporation of the new state, the Indian Parliament amended the Indian Constitution. First, the 35th Amendment laid down a set of conditions that made Sikkim an ``Associate State '', a special designation not used by any other state. A month later, the 36th Amendment repealed the 35th Amendment, and made Sikkim a full state, adding its name to the First Schedule of the Constitution.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "July Monarchy", "paragraph_text": "The July Monarchy () was a liberal constitutional monarchy in France under Louis Philippe I, starting with the July Revolution of 1830 and ending with the Revolution of 1848. It marks the end of the Bourbon Restoration (1814–1830). It began with the overthrow of the conservative government of Charles X, the last king of the House of Bourbon.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "German revolutions of 1848–49", "paragraph_text": "In December 1848 the \"Basic Rights for the German People\" proclaimed equal rights for all citizens before the law. On March 28, 1849, the draft of the Paulskirchenverfassung constitution was finally passed. The new Germany was to be a constitutional monarchy, and the office of head of state (\"Emperor of the Germans\") was to be hereditary and held by the respective King of Prussia. The latter proposal was carried by a mere 290 votes in favour, with 248 abstentions. The constitution was recognized by 29 smaller states but not by Austria, Prussia, Bavaria, Hanover and Saxony.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Indian Open (golf)", "paragraph_text": "Year Winner Country Venue Score To par Margin of victory Runner (s) - up First prize (US $) Asian Euro Hero Indian Open 2018 2018 Matt Wallace England DLF Golf and Country Club 277 − 11 Playoff Andrew Johnston 291,660 2017 2017 Shiv Chawrasia (2) India DLF Golf and Country Club 278 − 10 7 strokes Gavin Green 291,660 2016 2016 Shiv Chawrasia India Delhi Golf Club 273 − 15 2 strokes Anirban Lahiri Wang Jeung - hun 275,000 2015 2015 Anirban Lahiri India Delhi Golf Club 277 − 7 Playoff Shiv Chawrasia 250,000", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "England", "paragraph_text": "England has a strong sporting heritage, and during the 19th century codified many sports that are now played around the world. Sports originating in England include association football, cricket, rugby union, rugby league, tennis, boxing, badminton, squash, rounders, hockey, snooker, billiards, darts, table tennis, bowls, netball, thoroughbred horseracing, greyhound racing and fox hunting. It has helped the development of golf, sailing and Formula One.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Modern history", "paragraph_text": "The changes were accompanied by violent turmoil which included the trial and execution of the king, vast bloodshed and repression during the Reign of Terror, and warfare involving every other major European power. Subsequent events that can be traced to the Revolution include the Napoleonic Wars, two separate restorations of the monarchy, and two additional revolutions as modern France took shape. In the following century, France would be governed at one point or another as a republic, constitutional monarchy, and two different empires.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Le Siècle", "paragraph_text": "In 1836, \"Le Siècle\" was founded as a paper that supported constitutional monarchism. However, when the July Monarchy came to an end in 1848, the paper soon changed its editorial stance to one of republicanism. \"Le Siècle\" opposed the rise of Napoleon III. The paper's relevance waned during the Third French Republic to the point where it was forced to cease publication in 1932 due to a lack of readers.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Herman Keiser", "paragraph_text": "Keiser was born and raised in Springfield, Missouri. Like most professional golfers of his generation, he earned a living primarily as a club professional. His first job was as the assistant golf professional at Portage Country Club in Akron, Ohio. He eventually became head professional at Firestone Country Club in Akron, Ohio. Keiser's serious demeanor earned him the nickname, \"The Missouri Mortician\", among his fellow golfers.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Absolute monarchy", "paragraph_text": "Absolute monarchy is a form of monarchy in which one leader has supreme authority and where that authority is not restricted by any written laws, legislature, or customs. These are often, but not always, hereditary monarchies. In contrast, in constitutional monarchies, the head of state's authority derives from and is legally bounded or restricted by a constitution or legislature.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Royal assent", "paragraph_text": "Royal assent is the method by which a country's constitutional monarch (possibly through a delegated official) formally approves an act of that nation's parliament, thus making it a law or letting it be promulgated as law. In the vast majority of contemporary monarchies, this act is considered to be little more than a formality; even in those nations which still permit their ruler to withhold the royal assent (such as the United Kingdom, Norway, and Liechtenstein), the monarch almost never does so, save in a dire political emergency or upon the advice of their government. While the power to withhold royal assent was once exercised often in European monarchies, it is exceedingly rare in the modern, democratic political atmosphere that has developed there since the 18th century.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Point O'Woods Golf & Country Club", "paragraph_text": "The Point O'Woods Golf & Country Club is a private golf club located in Benton Township, Berrien County, Michigan, United States, near Benton Harbor.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Samoa", "paragraph_text": "On 4 July 1997 the government amended the constitution to change the country's name from Western Samoa to Samoa. American Samoa protested against the move, asserting that the change diminished its own identity.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Marga Faulstich", "paragraph_text": "A talented young woman, Faulstich quickly advanced in her career – from graduate assistant to technician, then to scientific assistant, and finally to scientist. Her fiancé died in the Second World War, and from then on, she focused only on her career. In 1942 she studied chemistry while continuing to work at Schott. She could not finish her studies because the situation changed after the Second World War. Jena belonged to the Soviet occupation zone; however, the most advanced glassmaking facility in the world was located in Jena and the Western Allies wanted to obtain and use this know-how. Therefore, 41 specialists and managers of Schott AG were brought to the western sector, including Marga Faulstich.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Monarchy of Canada", "paragraph_text": "The monarchy of Canada is at the core of both Canada's federal structure and Westminster - style of parliamentary and constitutional democracy. The monarchy is the foundation of the executive (Queen - in - Council), legislative (Queen - in - Parliament), and judicial (Queen - on - the - Bench) branches within both federal and provincial jurisdictions. The sovereign is the personification of the Canadian state and is Queen of Canada as a matter of constitutional law. The current Canadian monarch is Queen Elizabeth II, who has reigned since 6 February 1952. Elizabeth's eldest son, Prince Charles, is heir apparent.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Monarchy of the United Kingdom", "paragraph_text": "The monarchy of the United Kingdom, commonly referred to as the British monarchy, is the constitutional monarchy of the United Kingdom, its dependencies and its overseas territories. The current monarch and head of state, Queen Elizabeth II, ascended the throne on the death of her father, King George VI, on 6 February 1952.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Constitutional monarchy", "paragraph_text": "In the Kingdom of England, the Glorious Revolution of 1688 led to a constitutional monarchy restricted by laws such as the Bill of Rights 1689 and the Act of Settlement 1701, although limits on the power of the monarch ('a limited monarchy') are much older than that (see Magna Carta). At the same time, in Scotland the Convention of Estates enacted the Claim of Right Act 1689, which placed similar limits on the Scottish monarchy.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 19, "title": "2018 WGC-Bridgestone Invitational", "paragraph_text": "The 2018 WGC - Bridgestone Invitational was a professional golf tournament held August 2 -- 5 on the South Course of Firestone Country Club in Akron, Ohio. It was the 20th WGC - Bridgestone Invitational tournament, and the third of the World Golf Championships events in 2018.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 158703, "question": "Which country assisted with the advancement of golf?", "answer": "England", "paragraph_support_idx": 7 }, { "id": 54180, "question": "when did #1 change to a constitutional monarchy", "answer": "1688", "paragraph_support_idx": 18 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Antarctica", "paragraph_text": "Positioned asymmetrically around the South Pole and largely south of the Antarctic Circle, Antarctica is the southernmost continent and is surrounded by the Southern Ocean; alternatively, it may be considered to be surrounded by the southern Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Oceans, or by the southern waters of the World Ocean. It covers more than 14,000,000 km2 (5,400,000 sq mi), making it the fifth-largest continent, about 1.3 times as large as Europe. The coastline measures 17,968 km (11,165 mi) and is mostly characterized by ice formations, as the following table shows:", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Santa Marta Formation", "paragraph_text": "The Santa Marta Formation is a geologic formation in Antarctica. It, along with the Hanson Formation and the Snow Hill Island Formation, are the only formations yet known on the continent where dinosaur fossils have been found. The formation outcrops on James Ross Island off the coast of the northern tip of the Antarctic Peninsula. In its entirety, the Santa Marta Formation is on average one kilometer thick.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Norse colonization of North America", "paragraph_text": "The Norse colonization of North America began in the late 10th century AD when Norsemen explored and settled areas of the North Atlantic including the northeastern fringes of North America. Viking houses were found at L'Anse aux Meadows near the northern tip of Newfoundland in 1960. This discovery aided the reignition of archaeological exploration for the Vikings in the North Atlantic.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Monte Hacho", "paragraph_text": "Monte Hacho is a low mountain that overlooks the Spanish city of Ceuta, on the north coast of Africa. Monte Hacho is positioned on the Mediterranean coast at the Strait of Gibraltar opposite Gibraltar, and along with the Rock of Gibraltar is claimed by some to be one of the Pillars of Hercules (the other candidate for the southern pillar being Jebel Musa). According to the legend Hercules pushed apart the two mountains and created a link between the Mediterranean and the Atlantic.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Alps", "paragraph_text": "The highest portion of the range is divided by the glacial trough of the Rhone valley, with the Pennine Alps from Mont Blanc to the Matterhorn and Monte Rosa on the southern side, and the Bernese Alps on the northern. The peaks in the easterly portion of the range, in Austria and Slovenia, are smaller than those in the central and western portions.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "British Empire", "paragraph_text": "The Dutch East India Company had founded the Cape Colony on the southern tip of Africa in 1652 as a way station for its ships travelling to and from its colonies in the East Indies. Britain formally acquired the colony, and its large Afrikaner (or Boer) population in 1806, having occupied it in 1795 to prevent its falling into French hands, following the invasion of the Netherlands by France. British immigration began to rise after 1820, and pushed thousands of Boers, resentful of British rule, northwards to found their own—mostly short-lived—independent republics, during the Great Trek of the late 1830s and early 1840s. In the process the Voortrekkers clashed repeatedly with the British, who had their own agenda with regard to colonial expansion in South Africa and with several African polities, including those of the Sotho and the Zulu nations. Eventually the Boers established two republics which had a longer lifespan: the South African Republic or Transvaal Republic (1852–77; 1881–1902) and the Orange Free State (1854–1902). In 1902 Britain occupied both republics, concluding a treaty with the two Boer Republics following the Second Boer War (1899–1902).", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Alaska", "paragraph_text": "With its myriad islands, Alaska has nearly 34,000 miles (54,720 km) of tidal shoreline. The Aleutian Islands chain extends west from the southern tip of the Alaska Peninsula. Many active volcanoes are found in the Aleutians and in coastal regions. Unimak Island, for example, is home to Mount Shishaldin, which is an occasionally smoldering volcano that rises to 10,000 feet (3,048 m) above the North Pacific. It is the most perfect volcanic cone on Earth, even more symmetrical than Japan's Mount Fuji. The chain of volcanoes extends to Mount Spurr, west of Anchorage on the mainland. Geologists have identified Alaska as part of Wrangellia, a large region consisting of multiple states and Canadian provinces in the Pacific Northwest, which is actively undergoing continent building.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "European colonization of the Americas", "paragraph_text": "European colonization began in 1492, when a Spanish expedition headed by the Genoese explorer Christopher Columbus sailed west to find a new trade route to the Far East but inadvertently landed in what came to be known to Europeans as the ``New World ''. Running aground on the northern part of Hispaniola on 5 December 1492, which the Taino people had inhabited since the 7th century, the site became the first European settlement in the Americas. European conquest, large - scale exploration and colonization soon followed. Columbus's first two voyages (1492 -- 93) reached the Bahamas and various Caribbean islands, including Hispaniola, Puerto Rico and Cuba. In 1498, sailing from Bristol on behalf of England, John Cabot landed on the North American coast, and a year later, Columbus's third voyage reached the South American coast. As the sponsor of Christopher Columbus's voyages, Spain was the first European power to settle and colonize the largest areas, from North America and the Caribbean to the southern tip of South America.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Strecker's chorus frog", "paragraph_text": "Strecker's chorus frog (\"Pseudacris strecker\") is a species of nocturnal tree frog native to the south central United States, from southern Kansas, through Oklahoma and east to Arkansas, the northwestern tip of Louisiana and south throughouth much of Texas.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "New Amsterdam", "paragraph_text": "New Amsterdam (Dutch: Nieuw Amsterdam) was a 17th - century Dutch settlement established at the southern tip of Manhattan Island that served as the seat of the colonial government in New Netherland. The factorij became a settlement outside Fort Amsterdam. The fort was situated on the strategic southern tip of the island of Manhattan and was meant to defend the fur trade operations of the Dutch West India Company in the North River (Hudson River). In 1624, it became a provincial extension of the Dutch Republic and was designated as the capital of the province in 1625.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "European colonization of the Americas", "paragraph_text": "Systematic European colonization began in 1492, when a Spanish expedition headed by the Genoese explorer Christopher Columbus sailed west to find a new trade route to the Far East but inadvertently landed in what came to be known to Europeans as the ``New World ''. Running aground on the northern part of Hispaniola on 5 December 1492, which the Taino people had inhabited since the 7th century, the site became the first European settlement in the Americas apart from a small Norse attempt in Newfoundland centuries before. European conquest, large - scale exploration and colonization soon followed. Columbus's first two voyages (1492 -- 93) reached the Bahamas and various Caribbean islands, including Hispaniola, Puerto Rico and Cuba. In 1498, John Cabot, on behalf of England, landed on the North American coast, and a year later, Columbus's third voyage reached the South American coast. As the sponsor of Christopher Columbus's voyages, Spain was the first European power to settle and colonize the largest areas, from North America and the Caribbean to the southern tip of South America.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "American Colonization Society", "paragraph_text": "The Society for the Colonization of Free People of Color of America, commonly known as the American Colonization Society (ACS), was a group established in 1816 by Robert Finley of New Jersey which supported the migration of free African Americans to the continent of Africa. The society in 1821 -- 22 helped to found a colony on the Pepper Coast of West Africa, as a place for free - born or manumitted American blacks. The ACS met with immediate and continuing objections from such African - Americans as James Forten and David Walker, who wished to remain in the land of their birth, saw colonization as a racist strategy for protecting slavery and purging the U.S. of its black citizens, and preferred to fight for equal rights at home. Colonizers were also met with resistance and attacks from those already living in and around the areas being colonized. There was some religious support and missionary efforts were part of the colonization. Disease was a major problem and took a deadly toll.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Jabur", "paragraph_text": "Jabur, alternately Jabor (Chinese: 雅姆), is a small town in the southern tip of Terengganu, Malaysia. It is situated in Kemaman constituency, near the Terengganu-Pahang border.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "First Mass in the Philippines", "paragraph_text": "The first Catholic Mass in the Philippines was held on March 31, 1521, Easter Sunday. It was said by Father Pedro de Valderrama along the shores of Limasawa at the tip of Southern Leyte. Limasawa is this popularly known as the birthplace of the Church in the Philippines.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Playa Balandra", "paragraph_text": "Playa Balandra is a beach located on the Baja California Sur peninsula of Mexico in La Paz. It is located on the Eastern side of the peninsula, but faces west, as the southern tip comes up.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "New Amsterdam", "paragraph_text": "New Amsterdam (Dutch: Nieuw Amsterdam) was a 17th - century Dutch settlement established at the southern tip of Manhattan Island that served as the seat of the colonial government in New Netherland. The factorij became a settlement outside of Fort Amsterdam. The fort was situated on the strategic southern tip of the island of Manhattan and was meant to defend the fur trade operations of the Dutch West India Company in the North River (Hudson River). In 1624, it became a provincial extension of the Dutch Republic and was designated as the capital of the province in 1625.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "South Korea", "paragraph_text": "South Korea occupies the southern portion of the Korean Peninsula, which extends some 1,100 km (680 mi) from the Asian mainland. This mountainous peninsula is flanked by the Yellow Sea to the west, and the Sea of Japan to the east. Its southern tip lies on the Korea Strait and the East China Sea.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Monte Vista National Wildlife Refuge", "paragraph_text": "Monte Vista National Wildlife Refuge is a United States National Wildlife Refuge located in southern Colorado. The refuge is located in the San Luis Valley south of the town of Monte Vista, Colorado in southeastern Rio Grande County, Colorado, in the watershed of the Rio Grande. It was established in 1953 by the Migratory Bird Conservation Commission to provide a habitat for wildlife, particularly waterfowl, in the San Luis Valley.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "South America", "paragraph_text": "Brazil is the largest country in South America, encompassing around half of the continent's land area and population. The remaining countries and territories are divided among three regions: The Andean States, the Guianas and the Southern Cone.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Ancient Greece", "paragraph_text": "Eventually Greek colonization reached as far northeast as present day Ukraine and Russia (Taganrog). To the west the coasts of Illyria, Sicily and Southern Italy were settled, followed by Southern France, Corsica, and even northeastern Spain. Greek colonies were also founded in Egypt and Libya.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 99295, "question": "In what continent is Monte Hacho in?", "answer": "Africa", "paragraph_support_idx": 3 }, { "id": 20577, "question": "When was the southern tip of #1 colonized?", "answer": "1652", "paragraph_support_idx": 5 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum", "paragraph_text": "The Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum is an American outdoor sports stadium located in the Exposition Park neighborhood of Los Angeles, California, United States. The stadium serves as the home to the University of Southern California (USC) Trojans football team, and as the temporary home of the Los Angeles Rams of the National Football League (NFL). The Coliseum was home to the Rams from 1946 to 1979, when they moved to Anaheim Stadium in Anaheim, California, and is serving as their home stadium again until the completion of Los Angeles Stadium at Hollywood Park in Inglewood, California. The facility has a permanent seating capacity of 93,607 for USC football and Rams games, making it the largest football stadium in the Pac - 12 Conference and the NFL.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Nick Foles", "paragraph_text": "Nicholas Edward Foles (born January 20, 1989) is an American football quarterback for the Philadelphia Eagles of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Arizona and was drafted by the Eagles in the third round of the 2012 NFL Draft. He has also played for the St. Louis Rams and Kansas City Chiefs.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Trent Green", "paragraph_text": "Trent Jason Green (born July 9, 1970) is a former American football quarterback who played in the National Football League (NFL) for fifteen seasons. He played college football for Indiana University. He was drafted by the San Diego Chargers in the eighth round of the 1993 NFL Draft, and also played for the BC Lions, Washington Redskins, St. Louis Rams, Kansas City Chiefs and Miami Dolphins. He earned a Super Bowl ring with the Rams in Super Bowl XXXIV over the Tennessee Titans and was selected to two Pro Bowls with the Chiefs.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum", "paragraph_text": "The Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum is an American outdoor sports stadium located in the Exposition Park neighborhood of Los Angeles, California, United States. The stadium serves as the home to the University of Southern California (USC) Trojans football team of the Pac - 12 Conference. It is also the temporary home of the Los Angeles Rams of the National Football League (NFL). The Coliseum was home to the Rams from 1946 to 1979, when they moved to Anaheim Stadium in Anaheim, and is serving as their home stadium again until the completion of Los Angeles Stadium at Hollywood Park in Inglewood. The facility had a permanent seating capacity of 93,607 for USC football and Rams games, making it the largest football stadium in the Pac - 12 Conference and the NFL. USC, which operates and manages the Coliseum, began a major renovation of the stadium in early 2018. During the renovation project the seating capacity will be 78,467. Once USC completes the renovation in 2019, the seating capacity will be 77,500.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Armanizam Dolah", "paragraph_text": "Armanizam Dolah is a Singaporean footballer who played for Woodlands Wellington FC in the S.League. He is the team captain of the Rams. He currently works at Marina Bay Sands.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Bill Goldberg", "paragraph_text": "Goldberg earned a scholarship to play for the University of Georgia Bulldogs football team where he served as a defensive tackle. He was taken by the Los Angeles Rams in the 11th round, with the 302nd overall selection, in the 1990 NFL draft.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Los Angeles Chargers", "paragraph_text": "The Los Angeles Chargers are a professional American football team based in the Greater Los Angeles Area. The Chargers compete in the National Football League (NFL) as a member club of the league's American Football Conference (AFC) West division. The team was founded on August 14, 1959 and began play on September 10, 1960 as a charter member of the American Football League (AFL), and spent its first season in Los Angeles, before moving to San Diego in 1961 to become the San Diego Chargers. The Chargers joined the NFL as result of the AFL -- NFL merger in 1970, and played their home games at Qualcomm Stadium. The return of the Chargers to Los Angeles was announced for the 2017 season, just one year after the Rams had moved back to the city from St. Louis. The Chargers will play their home games at the StubHub Center until the opening in 2020 of the Los Angeles Stadium at Hollywood Park, which they will share with the Rams.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "History of the St. Louis Rams", "paragraph_text": "The professional American football franchise now known as the Los Angeles Rams played in St. Louis, Missouri, as the St. Louis Rams from the 1995 through the 2015 seasons. The Rams franchise relocated from Los Angeles to St. Louis in 1995, which had been without a National Football League (NFL) team since the Cardinals moved to Phoenix, Arizona, in 1988. The Rams' first home game in St. Louis was at Busch Memorial Stadium against the New Orleans Saints on September 10, 1995, before the Trans World Dome (later the Edward Jones Dome, and now known as The Dome at America's Center) was completed for their November 12 game against the Carolina Panthers. Their last game played at the Edward Jones Dome in St. Louis was against the Tampa Bay Buccaneers on December 17, 2015, which they won, 31 -- 23. The Rams' last game as a St. Louis - based club was on January 3, 2016, against the San Francisco 49ers at Levi's Stadium, where they lost in overtime 19 -- 16.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Zootopia", "paragraph_text": "Idris Elba as Chief Bogo, an African buffalo who is the police chief of the Zootopia Police Department's 1st Precinct.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Gobonyeone Selefa", "paragraph_text": "Gobonyeone Selefa is a Botswanan footballer who currently plays for Mochudi Centre Chiefs. He has won two caps for the Botswana national football team.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Jeremy Staat", "paragraph_text": "Jeremy Ray Staat (born October 10, 1976) is a former American football defensive end who played for the Pittsburgh Steelers from 1998 and the St. Louis Rams for two games in 2003. He also played for the Los Angeles Avengers arena football team. He is a United States Marine, and has served in Iraq.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Rodney McLeod", "paragraph_text": "Rodney McLeod Jr. (born June 23, 1990) is an American football safety for the Philadelphia Eagles of the National Football League (NFL). McLeod played college football for the University of Virginia and signed with the St. Louis Rams (the now Los Angeles Rams) as an undrafted free agent in 2012.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Ralph Pampena", "paragraph_text": "Ralph Pampena (1934-December 15, 2012) was a longtime Pittsburgh Police leader, who served as Pittsburgh Police Chief from May 22, 1987 – May 17, 1990. He was a 22-year veteran of the Pittsburgh Police upon taking the oath of Chief. During 1986-1987 he briefly retired from the force serving as Police Chief of Carnegie Mellon University.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Super Bowl XIV", "paragraph_text": "Super Bowl XIV was an American football game between the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Los Angeles Rams and the American Football Conference (AFC) champion Pittsburgh Steelers to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 1979 season. The Steelers defeated the Rams by the score of 31–19, becoming the first team to win four Super Bowls. The game was played on January 20, 1980, at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena, California, and was attended by a Super Bowl record 103,985 spectators. This also became the first Super Bowl where the game was coincidentally played in the home market of one of the participants, as Pasadena is about northeast of Downtown Los Angeles. It was the last time the Rams made the Super Bowl while based in Los Angeles until LIII in 2018.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Oakland Raiders relocation to Las Vegas", "paragraph_text": "The Oakland Raiders relocation to Las Vegas was a successful effort by the owner of the Oakland Raiders (Mark Davis) to relocate the American football club from its current and longtime home of Oakland, California to Las Vegas, Nevada. The team is scheduled to begin play as the Las Vegas Raiders for the 2020 National Football League (NFL) season (although a move to Las Vegas could happen as soon as 2019 with Sam Boyd Stadium), playing home games at the Las Vegas Stadium. NFL team owners voted 31 -- 1 to approve the move, which was announced at the annual league meetings in Phoenix, Arizona on March 27, 2017. The Raiders became the third NFL franchise to relocate in the 2010s, following the Rams' move from St. Louis, Missouri to Los Angeles, California on January 12, 2016, and the Chargers' move from San Diego, California to Los Angeles on January 12, 2017. The Raiders' move to Las Vegas comes after years of failed efforts to renovate or replace the Oakland -- Alameda County Coliseum, which has been rated by multiple sources as one of the worst stadiums in the NFL.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Chief of the Los Angeles Police Department", "paragraph_text": "Chief of the City of Los Angeles Police Department Seal of the LAPD Flag of the Chief of the LAPD Incumbent Charles L. Beck since November 9, 2009 (2009 - 11 - 09) Los Angeles Police Department Style Chief of Police Member of Los Angeles City Council Seat Los Angeles County, California, U.S. Appointer Mayor of Los Angeles Inaugural holder Jacob F. Gerkens Formation December 18, 1876 Salary $307,291 Website (1)", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Los Angeles Chargers", "paragraph_text": "The Los Angeles Chargers are a professional American football team based in the Greater Los Angeles Area. The Chargers compete in the National Football League (NFL) as a member club of the league's American Football Conference (AFC) West division. The team was founded on August 14, 1959 and began play on September 10, 1960 as a charter member of the American Football League (AFL), and spent its first season in Los Angeles, before moving to San Diego in 1961 to become the San Diego Chargers. The Chargers joined the NFL as result of the AFL -- NFL merger in 1970, and played their home games at SDCCU Stadium. The return of the Chargers to Los Angeles was announced for the 2017 season, just one year after the Rams had moved back to the city from St. Louis. The Chargers will play their home games at the StubHub Center until the opening in 2020 of the Los Angeles Stadium at Hollywood Park, which they will share with the Rams.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Super Bowl XXXVI", "paragraph_text": "Super Bowl XXXVI was an American football game between the National Football Conference (NFC) champion St. Louis Rams and the American Football Conference (AFC) champion New England Patriots to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 2001 season. The Patriots defeated the Rams by the score of 20 -- 17. It was New England's first Super Bowl championship, and the franchise's first league championship of any kind, having suffered two previous losses. The game was also notable for snapping the AFC East's long streak of not being able to win a Super Bowl championship, as the division's teams had lost eight Super Bowls in total (prior to the Patriots victory in XXXVI).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "History of the Los Angeles Rams", "paragraph_text": "The Los Angeles Rams are a professional American football team that play in the National Football League (NFL). The Rams franchise was founded in 1936 as the Cleveland Rams in the short - lived second American Football League before joining the NFL the next year. In 1946, the franchise moved to Los Angeles. The Rams franchise remained in the metro area until 1994, when they moved to St. Louis, and were known as the St. Louis Rams from 1995 to 2015. The Rams franchise returned to Los Angeles in 2016. This article chronicles the franchise's history during their time in Los Angeles, from playing at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum between 1946 and 1979, to playing at Anaheim Stadium (now known as Angel Stadium of Anaheim) in Anaheim from 1980 to 1994, and its return to Southern California beginning with the 2016 season.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "2017 Los Angeles Chargers season", "paragraph_text": "The 2017 Los Angeles Chargers season is the franchise's 48th season in the National Football League (NFL), the 58th overall and the first under head coach Anthony Lynn. It will also be the Chargers' first season in Los Angeles since their inaugural 1960 season, when they were in the AFL, as the team exercised its option to move to the city and join the Los Angeles Rams on January 12, 2017. The 2017 season will be the first of three seasons played at StubHub Center prior to the new stadium being completed.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 78268, "question": "where are the rams football team moving to", "answer": "Los Angeles", "paragraph_support_idx": 7 }, { "id": 60108, "question": "who is the chief of police of #1", "answer": "Charles L. Beck", "paragraph_support_idx": 15 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Hannah Montana", "paragraph_text": "The opening weekend, February 1–3, 2008, the movie had gross revenue of $31.1 million. It was the number one movie of the weekend. Opening in only 638 theaters, it set a record of over $42,000 per theater. It set a record for the highest revenue for a 3-D movie for one weekend.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Oklahoma", "paragraph_text": "All of the state frequently experiences temperatures above 100 °F (38 °C) or below 0 °F (−18 °C), though below-zero temperatures are rare in south-central and southeastern Oklahoma. Snowfall ranges from an average of less than 4 inches (10 cm) in the south to just over 20 inches (51 cm) on the border of Colorado in the panhandle. The state is home to the Storm Prediction Center, the National Severe Storms Laboratory, and the Warning Decision Training Branch, all part of the National Weather Service and located in Norman. Oklahoma's highest recorded temperature of 120 °F (49 °C) was recorded at Tipton on June 27, 1994 and the lowest recorded temperature of −31 °F (−35 °C) was recorded at Nowata on February 10, 2011.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Guam", "paragraph_text": "Guam's climate is characterized as tropical marine moderated by seasonal northeast trade winds. The weather is generally very warm and humid with little seasonal temperature variation. The mean high temperature is 86 °F (30 °C) and mean low is 76 °F (24 °C) with an average annual rainfall of 96 inches (2,180 mm). The dry season runs from December to June. The remaining months (July to November) constitute the rainy season. The months of January and February are considered the coolest months of the year with overnight low temperatures of 70–75 °F (21–24 °C) and low humidity levels. The highest temperature ever recorded in Guam was 96 °F (36 °C) on April 18, 1971 and April 1, 1990, and the lowest temperature ever recorded was 65 °F (18 °C) on February 8, 1973.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Tennessee", "paragraph_text": "Summers in the state are generally hot and humid, with most of the state averaging a high of around 90 °F (32 °C) during the summer months. Winters tend to be mild to cool, increasing in coolness at higher elevations. Generally, for areas outside the highest mountains, the average overnight lows are near freezing for most of the state. The highest recorded temperature is 113 °F (45 °C) at Perryville on August 9, 1930 while the lowest recorded temperature is −32 °F (−36 °C) at Mountain City on December 30, 1917.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Highest temperature recorded on Earth", "paragraph_text": "According to the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), the highest confirmed air temperature on Earth was 56.7 ° C (134.1 ° F) in Furnace Creek Ranch, California, located in the Death Valley desert in the United States, on July 10, 1913. While measuring air temperature is standard, there are two other main ways that a temperature can be recorded.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "How to Train Your Dragon", "paragraph_text": "The How to Train Your Dragon franchise from DreamWorks Animation consists of two feature films How to Train Your Dragon (2010) and How to Train Your Dragon 2 (2014), with a third feature film, How to Train Your Dragon: The Hidden World, set for a 2019 release. The franchise is loosely based on the British book series of the same name by Cressida Cowell. The franchise also consists of four short films: Legend of the Boneknapper Dragon (2010), Book of Dragons (2011), Gift of the Night Fury (2011) and Dawn of the Dragon Racers (2014). A television series following the events of the first film, Dragons: Riders of Berk, began airing on Cartoon Network in September 2012. Its second season was renamed Dragons: Defenders of Berk. Set several years later, and as a more immediate prequel to the second film, a new television series, titled Dragons: Race to the Edge, aired on Netflix in June 2015. The second season of the show was added to Netflix in January 2016 and a third season in June 2016. A fourth season aired on Netflix in February 2017, a fifth season in August 2017, and a sixth and final season on February 16, 2018.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Instrumental temperature record", "paragraph_text": "The instrumental temperature record provides the temperature of Earth's climate system from the historical network of in situ measurements of surface air temperatures and ocean surface temperatures. Data are collected at thousands of meteorological stations, buoys and ships around the globe. The longest - running temperature record is the Central England temperature data series, that starts in 1659. The longest - running quasi-global record starts in 1850. In recent decades more extensive sampling of ocean temperatures at various depths have begun allowing estimates of ocean heat content but these do not form part of the global surface temperature datasets.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Southampton", "paragraph_text": "As with the rest of the UK, Southampton experiences an oceanic climate (Köppen Cfb). Its southerly, low lying and sheltered location ensures it is among the warmer, sunnier cities in the UK. It has held the record for the highest temperature in the UK for June at 35.6 °C (96.1 °F) since 1976.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Global temperature record", "paragraph_text": "The global temperature record shows the fluctuations of the temperature of the atmosphere and the oceans through various spans of time. The most detailed information exists since 1850, when methodical thermometer - based records began. There are numerous estimates of temperatures since the end of the Pleistocene glaciation, particularly during the current Holocene epoch. Older time periods are studied by paleoclimatology.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Jacksonville, Florida", "paragraph_text": "Mean monthly temperatures range from around 53 F in January to 82 F in July. High temperatures average 64 to 92 °F (18 to 33 °C) throughout the year. High heat indices are common for the summer months in the area, with indices above 110 °F (43.3 °C) possible. The highest temperature recorded was 104 °F (40 °C) on July 11, 1879 and July 28, 1872. It is common for thunderstorms to erupt during a typical summer afternoon. These are caused by the rapid heating of the land relative to the water, combined with extremely high humidity.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "List of NCAA major college football yearly rushing leaders", "paragraph_text": "The record for highest rushing yards per carry in a season was set in 1939 by Jackie Robinson of UCLA with an average of 12.2 yards per carry, a record that stands to this day.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Melbourne", "paragraph_text": "Melbourne is also prone to isolated convective showers forming when a cold pool crosses the state, especially if there is considerable daytime heating. These showers are often heavy and can contain hail and squalls and significant drops in temperature, but they pass through very quickly at times with a rapid clearing trend to sunny and relatively calm weather and the temperature rising back to what it was before the shower. This often occurs in the space of minutes and can be repeated many times in a day, giving Melbourne a reputation for having \"four seasons in one day\", a phrase that is part of local popular culture and familiar to many visitors to the city. The lowest temperature on record is −2.8 °C (27.0 °F), on 21 July 1869. The highest temperature recorded in Melbourne city was 46.4 °C (115.5 °F), on 7 February 2009. While snow is occasionally seen at higher elevations in the outskirts of the city, it has not been recorded in the Central Business District since 1986.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Climate of the British Isles", "paragraph_text": "The British Isles undergo very small temperature variations. This is due to its proximity to the Atlantic, which acts as a temperature buffer, warming the Isles in winter and cooling them in summer. Coastal areas tend to be more temperate than inland areas, as the influence of the ocean is less acute. Valleys can be especially cold, as cool air collects in them during the winter. July is usually the warmest month, with the highest temperatures being found closest to Continental Europe, in south - east England. Temperatures usually do not reach freezing points, especially in coastal areas. However, the temperature is mainly warm to mediate temperatures.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Houston", "paragraph_text": "During the summer months, it is common for temperatures to reach over 90 °F (32 °C), with an average of 106.5 days per year, including a majority from June to September, with a high of 90 °F or above and 4.6 days at or over 100 °F (38 °C). However, humidity usually yields a higher heat index. Summer mornings average over 90 percent relative humidity. Winds are often light in the summer and offer little relief, except in the far southeastern outskirts near the Gulf coast and Galveston. To cope with the strong humidity and heat, people use air conditioning in nearly every vehicle and building. In 1980, Houston was described as the \"most air-conditioned place on earth\". Officially, the hottest temperature ever recorded in Houston is 109 °F (43 °C), which was reached both on September 4, 2000 and August 28, 2011.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Pokémon Trading Card Game", "paragraph_text": "A simplified type system was adopted from the video games for use in the trading card game. Instead of 18 types of Pokémon, only eleven exist in the TCG. Seven were introduced in the Base Set (the first ever set of Pokémon cards); Darkness and Metal types appeared when Pokémon Gold and Silver introduced the Dark and Steel types in the video games; the Dragon type was introduced in the Japanese Dragon Selection set; and finally, the Fairy type was introduced in the Japanese XY set to correspond to its introduction in the video games.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Shadow of the Dragon", "paragraph_text": "Shadow of the Dragon is a 1993 book written by Sherry Garland. It chronicles Danny Vo and Nguyen Sang Le, two ethnic Vietnamese living in Houston; Danny is Americanized while Sang Le has difficulty adjusting to American culture and society.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Ashgabat", "paragraph_text": "The Kopet-Dag mountain range is about 25 kilometres (16 mi) to the south, and Ashgabat's northern boundary touches the Kara-Kum desert. Because of this Ashgabat has a cold desert climate (Köppen climate classification: BWk) with hot, dry summers and cool, short winters. The average high temperature in July is 38.3 °C (100.9 °F). Nighttimes in the summer are warm, with an average minimum temperature in July of 23.8 °C (75 °F). The average January high temperature is 8.6 °C (47.5 °F), and the average low temperature is −0.4 °C (31.3 °F). The highest temperature ever recorded in Ashgabat is 47.2 °C (117 °F), recorded in June 2015. A low temperature of −24.1 °C (−11 °F) was recorded in January 1969. Snow is infrequent in the area. Annual precipitation is only 201 millimetres (7.91 in); March and April are the wettest months, and summer drought, from late June to September, is virtually absolute.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Dabus", "paragraph_text": "In the \"Dungeons & Dragons\" Planescape campaign setting, Dabus (singular and plural are the same) are the personal entourage of the Lady of Pain.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Field goal percentage", "paragraph_text": "The NBA career record for field goal percentage is held by DeAndre Jordan at 0.677. The highest field goal percentage for a single season was set by Wilt Chamberlain with 0.727 in the 1972 -- 73 season.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Dungeons & Dragons Tactics", "paragraph_text": "Dungeons & Dragons Tactics is a tactical role-playing game released on the PlayStation Portable handheld video game console. It is set in the world of \"Dungeons & Dragons\" and uses a strict interpretation of the \"Dungeons & Dragons 3.5 Edition\" rule set.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 51824, "question": "what is the setting of shadow of the dragon", "answer": "Houston", "paragraph_support_idx": 15 }, { "id": 12055, "question": "What was the highest temperature recorded in #1 ?", "answer": "109 °F", "paragraph_support_idx": 13 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Military history of the United States", "paragraph_text": "The Korean War was a conflict between the United States and its United Nations allies and the communist powers under influence of the Soviet Union (also a UN member nation) and the People's Republic of China (which later also gained UN membership). The principal combatants were North and South Korea. Principal allies of South Korea included the United States, Canada, Australia, the United Kingdom, although many other nations sent troops under the aegis of the United Nations. Allies of North Korea included the People's Republic of China, which supplied military forces, and the Soviet Union, which supplied combat advisors and aircraft pilots, as well as arms, for the Chinese and North Korean troops.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Battle of Dunkirk", "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Dunkirk was a military operation that took place in Dunkirk (Dunkerque), France, during the Second World War. The battle was fought between the Allies and Nazi Germany. As part of the Battle of France on the Western Front, the Battle of Dunkirk was the defence and evacuation to Britain of British and other Allied forces in Europe from 26 May to 4 June 1940.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "National Personnel Records Center fire", "paragraph_text": "The National Personnel Records Center fire of 1973, also referred to as the 1973 National Archives fire, was a fire that occurred at the Military Personnel Records Center (MPRC - part of the National Personnel Records Center) in Overland, Missouri, a suburb of St. Louis, on July 12, 1973, striking a severe blow to the National Archives and Records Administration of the United States. MPRC, the custodian of military service records, lost approximately 16–18 million official military personnel records as a result of the fire.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "United States National Guard", "paragraph_text": "National Guard of the United States Active English colonial government militias: since December 13, 1636 As ``National Guard '': since 1824 in New York, since 1903 nationwide Dual state - federal reserve forces: since 1933 Country United States Allegiance Federal (10 U.S.C. § E) State and territorial (32 U.S.C.) Branch United States Army United States Air Force Role Reserve component of the U.S. Armed Forces Militia of the United States Size 450,100 Part of National Guard Bureau Garrison / HQ All 50 U.S. states, and organized U.S. territories, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, and the District of Columbia Nickname (s)`` Air Guard'' ``Army Guard ''Motto (s)`` Always Ready, Always There!'' Commanders Chief of the National Guard Bureau General Joseph L. Lengyel, USAF Insignia Seal of the Army National Guard Seal of the Air National Guard", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Allied Command Europe Mobile Force", "paragraph_text": "The Allied Command Europe Mobile Force was a small NATO quick reaction force, headquartered at Heidelberg, Germany, active from 1960 to 2002. It formed part of Allied Command Europe (ACE), headquartered at SHAPE at Casteau, Belgium. The land component of the force, consisting of a brigade-sized formation of about 5,000 personnel, was composed of units from 14 NATO states.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Korean War", "paragraph_text": "Korea was ruled by Imperial Japan from 1910 until the closing days of World War II. In August 1945, the Soviet Union declared war on Imperial Japan, as a result of an agreement with the United States, and liberated Korea north of the 38th parallel. U.S. forces subsequently moved into the south. By 1948, as a product of the Cold War between the Soviet Union and the United States, Korea was split into two regions, with separate governments. Both claimed to be the legitimate government of all of Korea, and neither accepted the border as permanent. The conflict escalated into open warfare when North Korean forces -- supported by the Soviet Union and China -- moved into the south on 25 June 1950. On 27 June, the United Nations Security Council authorized the formation and dispatch of UN forces to Korea to repel what was recognized as a North Korean invasion. Twenty - one countries of the United Nations eventually contributed to the UN force, with the United States providing 88% of the UN's military personnel.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "United States Air Force", "paragraph_text": "Assure/Dissuade/Deter is a mission set derived from the Air Force's readiness to carry out the nuclear strike operations mission as well as from specific actions taken to assure allies as a part of extended deterrence. Dissuading others from acquiring or proliferating WMD, and the means to deliver them, contributes to promoting security and is also an integral part of this mission. Moreover, different deterrence strategies are required to deter various adversaries, whether they are a nation state, or non-state/transnational actor. The Air Force maintains and presents credible deterrent capabilities through successful visible demonstrations and exercises which assure allies, dissuade proliferation, deter potential adversaries from actions that threaten US national security or the populations and deployed military forces of the US, its allies and friends.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Pacific War", "paragraph_text": "The major Allied participants were the United States, the Republic of China, the United Kingdom (including the armed forces of British India, the Fiji Islands, Samoa, etc.), Australia, the Commonwealth of the Philippines, the Netherlands (as the possessor of the Dutch East Indies and the western part of New Guinea), New Zealand, and Canada, all of whom were members of the Pacific War Council. Mexico, Free France and many other countries also took part, especially forces from other British colonies.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Gukhwa-ppang", "paragraph_text": "Gukhwa-ppang (; \"chrysanthemum bread\") is a flower-shaped pastry stuffed with sweetened red bean paste. It is a warm street food sold throughout Korea. It is grilled in an appliance similar to a waffle iron, but with flower-shaped molds.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Republic of China Military Police", "paragraph_text": "The Republic of China Military Police (ROCMP; ) is a military police body under the Ministry of National Defense of Taiwan (Republic of China). Unlike military police in many other countries, ROCMP is a separate branch of the ROC Armed Forces. ROCMP is responsible for protecting government leaders from assassination or capture, guarding Taiwan’s strategic facilities, and counterintelligence against enemy infiltrators, spies, and saboteurs.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Pacific War", "paragraph_text": "Following the Declaration by United Nations (the first official use of the term United Nations) on 1 January 1942, the Allied governments appointed the British General Sir Archibald Wavell to the American-British-Dutch-Australian Command (ABDACOM), a supreme command for Allied forces in Southeast Asia. This gave Wavell nominal control of a huge force, albeit thinly spread over an area from Burma to the Philippines to northern Australia. Other areas, including India, Hawaii, and the rest of Australia remained under separate local commands. On 15 January Wavell moved to Bandung in Java to assume control of ABDACOM.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Great power", "paragraph_text": "When World War II started in 1939, it divided the world into two alliances—the Allies (the United Kingdom and France at first in Europe, China in Asia since 1937, followed in 1941 by the Soviet Union, the United States); and the Axis powers consisting of Germany, Italy and Japan.[nb 1] During World War II, the United States, United Kingdom, and Soviet Union controlled Allied policy and emerged as the \"Big Three\". The Republic of China and the Big Three were referred as a \"trusteeship of the powerful\" and were recognized as the Allied \"Big Four\" in Declaration by United Nations in 1942. These four countries were referred as the \"Four Policemen\" of the Allies and considered as the primary victors of World War II. The importance of France was acknowledged by their inclusion, along with the other four, in the group of countries allotted permanent seats in the United Nations Security Council.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Invasion of Kuwait", "paragraph_text": "The Invasion of Kuwait on 2 August 1990 was a two - day operation conducted by Iraq against the neighboring state of Kuwait, which resulted in the seven - month - long Iraqi occupation of the country. This invasion and Iraq's subsequent refusal to withdraw from Kuwait by a deadline mandated by the United Nations led to military intervention by a United Nations - authorized coalition of forces led by the United States. These events came to be known as the first Gulf War and resulted in the expulsion of Iraqi forces from Kuwait and the Iraqis setting 600 Kuwaiti oil wells on fire during their retreat.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "United States Department of the Air Force", "paragraph_text": "The Department of the Air Force (DAF) is one of the three Military Departments within the Department of Defense of the United States of America. The Department of the Air Force was formed on September 18, 1947, per the National Security Act of 1947 and it includes all elements and units of the United States Air Force (USAF).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Division of Korea", "paragraph_text": "With the onset of the Cold War, negotiations between the United States and the Soviet Union failed to lead to an independent, unified Korea. In 1948, UN-supervised elections were held in the US - occupied south only. This led to the establishment of the Republic of Korea in South Korea, which was promptly followed by the establishment of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea in North Korea. The United States supported the South, the Soviet Union supported the North, and each government claimed sovereignty over the whole Korean peninsula.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 15, "title": "United States Department of War", "paragraph_text": "The War Department existed from August 7, 1789 until September 18, 1947, when it split into Department of the Army and Department of the Air Force and joined the Department of the Navy as part of the new joint National Military Establishment (NME), renamed the United States Department of Defense in 1949.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "428th Field Artillery Brigade", "paragraph_text": "The 428th Field Artillery Brigade is a training unit under the United States Field Artillery School, a formation under TRADOC. The brigade trains all officers and enlisted personnel from the U.S. Army and U.S. Marine Corps as well as allied nation military personnel in field artillery core competencies in order to provide proficient integrators of lethal and non-lethal fires to the operational force.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Military history of the United States", "paragraph_text": "Fighting on one side was a coalition of forces including the Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam or the \"RVN\"), the United States, supplemented by South Korea, Thailand, Australia, New Zealand, and the Philippines. The allies fought against the North Vietnamese Army (NVA) as well as the National Liberation Front (NLF, also known as Viet communists Viet Cong), or \"VC\", a guerrilla force within South Vietnam. The NVA received substantial military and economic aid from the Soviet Union and China, turning Vietnam into a proxy war.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "War on Terror", "paragraph_text": "In 2005, the UN Security Council adopted Resolution 1624 concerning incitement to commit acts of terrorism and the obligations of countries to comply with international human rights laws. Although both resolutions require mandatory annual reports on counter-terrorism activities by adopting nations, the United States and Israel have both declined to submit reports. In the same year, the United States Department of Defense and the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff issued a planning document, by the name \"National Military Strategic Plan for the War on Terrorism\", which stated that it constituted the \"comprehensive military plan to prosecute the Global War on Terror for the Armed Forces of the United States...including the findings and recommendations of the 9/11 Commission and a rigorous examination with the Department of Defense\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Lend-Lease", "paragraph_text": "The lend - lease policy, formally titled ``An Act to Promote the Defense of the United States '', (Pub. L. 77 -- 11, H.R. 1776, 55 Stat. 31, enacted March 11, 1941) was a program by which the United States supplied Free France, the United Kingdom, the Republic of China, and later the Soviet Union and other Allied nations with food, oil, and materiel between 1941 and August 1945. This included warships and warplanes, along with other weaponry. The policy was signed into law on March 11, 1941 and ended during September 1945. The aid was free for some countries, although some countries were repaying with gold, and some military equipment were required to be returned after the war. In return for the aid, the U.S. was given leases on army and naval bases in Allied territory during the war.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 106929, "question": "Which was the country for Gukhwappang?", "answer": "Korea", "paragraph_support_idx": 8 }, { "id": 46674, "question": "which nation was not part of the united nations allied military force in #1", "answer": "North Korea", "paragraph_support_idx": 14 } ]

[ "Democratic People's Republic of Korea" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "LaserDisc", "paragraph_text": "LaserDiscs were initially cheaper than videocassettes to manufacture, because they lacked the moving parts and plastic outer shell that are necessary for VHS tapes to work, and the duplication process was much simpler. A VHS cassette has at least 14 parts including the actual tape while LaserDisc has one part with five or six layers. A disc can be stamped out in a matter of seconds whereas duplicating videotape required a complex bulk tape duplication mechanism and was a time-consuming process. However, by the end of the 1980s, average disc-pressing prices were over $5.00 per two-sided disc, due to the large amount of plastic material and the costly glass-mastering process needed to make the metal stamper mechanisms. Due to the larger volume of demand, videocassettes quickly became much cheaper to duplicate, costing as little as $1.00 by the beginning of the 1990s.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Metre per second squared", "paragraph_text": "As acceleration, the unit is interpreted physically as change in velocity or speed per time interval, i.e. metre per second per second and is treated as a vector quantity.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Wizard of the Vibes", "paragraph_text": "Wizard of the Vibes is a Blue Note Records compilation of performances by jazz vibraphonist Milt Jackson. The sessions were the work of The Thelonious Monk Quintet (the July 2, 1948 and July 23, 1951 sessions) and The Modern Jazz Quartet plus Lou Donaldson (a 1952 session). The album has been recompiled and expanded three additional times, with various tracks from these sessions added and deleted.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Feminist Majority Foundation", "paragraph_text": "The Feminist Majority Foundation (FMF) is a non-profit organization headquartered in Arlington County, Virginia, whose stated mission is to advance non-violence and women's power, equality, and economic development. The name Feminist Majority comes from a 1986 Newsweek/Gallup public opinion poll in which 56 percent of American women self-identified as feminists. President and one of the founders, Eleanor Smeal, chose the name to reflect the results of the poll, implying that the majority of women are feminists.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Academic term", "paragraph_text": "A quarter system divides the academic year into four terms, one per season, with attendance required in three quarters per year to total 32 to 36 weeks of instruction. A semester system divides the academic year into two terms of equal length, with attendance required in both semesters to total 32 to 36 weeks of instruction. There is often an optional summer session half as long as a full semester. A trimester system divides the academic year into three terms of 14 to 16 weeks each, with attendance required in two trimesters per year, to total 28 to 32 weeks of instruction. The trimester evolved from the semester system in the 1960s and, thus, is compatible with it (i.e. it is simply a semester shortened from 16 -- 18 weeks to 14 -- 16 weeks). The spring - summer trimester may be a full trimester or may be divided into distinct spring and summer half - trimester or shorter sessions, in which classes meet double - time (or greater) to provide the same instruction that would be received in a full trimester.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Thoughts on the Education of Daughters", "paragraph_text": "Although much of Thoughts is devoted to platitudes and advice common to all conduct books for women, a few passages anticipate Wollstonecraft's feminist arguments in A Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1792), such as her poignant description of the suffering single woman. However, several critics suggested that such passages only seem to have radical undertones in light of Wollstonecraft's later works.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Kindergarten", "paragraph_text": "Some nurseries are attached to state infant or primary schools, but many are provided by the private sector. The Scottish government provides funding so that all children from the age of three until they start compulsory school can attend five sessions per week of two and a half hours each, either in state-run or private nurseries. Working parents can also receive from their employers childcare worth £55 per week free of income tax, which is typically enough to pay for one or two days per week.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Madonna (entertainer)", "paragraph_text": "Madonna entered mainstream films in February 1985, beginning with a brief appearance as a club singer in Vision Quest, a romantic drama film. Its soundtrack contained two new singles, her U.S. number-one single, \"Crazy for You\", and another track \"Gambler\". She also played the title role in the 1985 comedy Desperately Seeking Susan, a film which introduced the song \"Into the Groove\", her first number-one single in the UK. Her popularity relegated the film as a Madonna vehicle, despite not having lead actress billing. The New York Times film critic Vincent Canby named it one of the ten best films of 1985.Beginning in April 1985, Madonna embarked on her first concert tour in North America, The Virgin Tour, with the Beastie Boys as her opening act. She progressed from playing CBGB and the Mudd Club to playing large sporting arenas. The tour saw the peak of Madonna wannabe phenomenon, with lots of female attendees dressing like her. At that time, she released two more hits, \"Angel\" and \"Dress You Up\", making all four singles from the album peak inside the top five on the Hot 100 chart. In July, Penthouse and Playboy magazines published a number of nude photos of Madonna, taken in New York in 1978. She had posed for the photographs as she needed money at the time, and was paid as little as $25 a session. The publication of the photos caused a media uproar, but Madonna remained \"unapologetic and defiant\". The photographs were ultimately sold for up to $100,000. She referred to these events at the 1985 outdoor Live Aid charity concert, saying that she would not take her jacket off because \"[the media] might hold it against me ten years from now.\"", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Allen, County Kildare", "paragraph_text": "Allen () is a village in County Kildare in Ireland located on regional road R415 between Kilmeage and Milltown. The village is overlooked by Hill of Allen, which in recent times has been scarred by quarrying. This hill, visible over much of Kildare and the surrounding counties, is regarded as the ancient seat of Fionn mac Cumhaill.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Labogon National High School", "paragraph_text": "Labogon National High school is an academic institution under the public school system of the Republic of the Philippines. The school started its operation in 1999 with one freshmen and one sophomore section. The enrollment rate grows to as much as 5% per year. As of 2012, the school serves more than a thousand students with the aid of its 28 full-time faculty members.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "First-wave feminism", "paragraph_text": "First - wave feminism was a period of feminist activity and thought, that occurred within the time period of the 19th and early 20th century throughout the world. It focused on legal issues, primarily on gaining women's suffrage (the right to vote).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Hermila Galindo", "paragraph_text": "Hermila Galindo Acosta (also known as \"Hermila Galindo de Topete\") (1886–1954) was a Mexican feminist and a writer. She was an early supporter of many radical feminist issues, primarily sex education in schools, women's suffrage, and divorce. She was one of the first feminists to state that Catholicism in Mexico was thwarting feminist efforts, and was the first woman to run for elected office in Mexico.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Heresy", "paragraph_text": "Ottoman Sultan Selim the Grim, regarded the Shia Qizilbash as heretics, reportedly proclaimed that \"the killing of one Shiite had as much otherworldly reward as killing 70 Christians.\"", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Woman on the Edge of Time", "paragraph_text": "Woman on the Edge of Time (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1976) is a novel by Marge Piercy. It is considered a classic of utopian \"speculative\" science fiction as well as a feminist classic.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "We Farm", "paragraph_text": "We Farm is a simulation video game developed by Zynga Dallas and published by ngmoco for the iOS platform. It is available for download on the iPhone, iPod touch and the iPad on the App Store or iTunes. Within weeks of release, \"We Farm\" was estimated to have been downloaded millions of times, with approximately two million user sessions per day. Its gameplay is in part inspired by the Zynga game \"FarmVille\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Wok racing", "paragraph_text": "Wok racing has been developed by the German TV host and entertainer Stefan Raab: Modified woks are used to make timed runs down an Olympic bobsleigh track. There are competitions for one-person-woksleds and four-person-woksleds, the latter using four woks per sled.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Phonograph record", "paragraph_text": "Terms such as \"long-play\" (LP) and \"extended-play\" (EP) describe multi-track records that play much longer than the single-item-per-side records, which typically do not go much past four minutes per side. An LP can play for up to 30 minutes per side, though most played for about 22 minutes per side, bringing the total playing time of a typical LP recording to about forty-five minutes. Many pre-1952 LPs, however, played for about 15 minutes per side. The 7-inch 45 rpm format normally contains one item per side but a 7-inch EP could achieve recording times of 10 to 15 minutes at the expense of attenuating and compressing the sound to reduce the width required by the groove. EP discs were generally used to make available tracks not on singles including tracks on LPs albums in a smaller, less expensive format for those who had only 45 rpm players. The large center hole on 7-inch 45 rpm records allows for easier handling by jukebox mechanisms. The term \"album\", originally used to mean a \"book\" with liner notes, holding several 78 rpm records each in its own \"page\" or sleeve, no longer has any relation to the physical format: a single LP record, or nowadays more typically a compact disc.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "The Dinner Party", "paragraph_text": "The Dinner Party is an installation artwork by feminist artist Judy Chicago. Widely regarded as the first epic feminist artwork, it functions as a symbolic history of women in Western civilization. There are 39 elaborate place settings arranged along a triangular table for 39 mythical and historical famous women. Sacajawea, Sojourner Truth, Eleanor of Aquitaine, Empress Theodora of Byzantium, Virginia Woolf, Susan B. Anthony, and Georgia O'Keeffe are among the guests.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Madonna (entertainer)", "paragraph_text": "Madonna's use of sexual imagery has benefited her career and catalyzed public discourse on sexuality and feminism. As Roger Chapman documents in Culture Wars: An Encyclopedia of Issues, Viewpoints, and Voices, Volume 1 (2010), she has drawn frequent condemnation from religious organizations, social conservatives and parental watchdog groups for her use of explicit, sexual imagery and lyrics, religious symbolism, and otherwise \"irreverent\" behavior in her live performances. The Times wrote that she had \"started a revolution amongst women in music ... Her attitudes and opinions on sex, nudity, style and sexuality forced the public to sit up and take notice.\" Professor John Fiske noted that the sense of empowerment that Madonna offers is inextricably connected with the pleasure of exerting some control over the meanings of self, of sexuality, and of one's social relations. In Doing Gender in Media, Art and Culture (2009), the authors noted that Madonna, as a female celebrity, performer, and pop icon, is able to unsettle standing feminist reflections and debates. According to lesbian feminist Sheila Jeffreys, Madonna represents woman's occupancy of what Monique Wittig calls the category of sex, as powerful, and appears to gleefully embrace the performance of the sexual corvée allotted to women. Professor Sut Jhally has referred to Madonna as \"an almost sacred feminist icon.\"", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 19, "title": "6-18-67", "paragraph_text": "6-18-67 is a short quasi-documentary film by George Lucas regarding the making of the 1969 Columbia film \"Mackenna's Gold\". This non-story non-character visual tone poem is made up of nature imagery, time-lapse photography, and the subtle sounds of the Arizona desert. Shooting was completed on June 18, 1967.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 20910, "question": "Who is regarded as a feminist during her time?", "answer": "Madonna", "paragraph_support_idx": 18 }, { "id": 159445, "question": "How much did #1 make per session?", "answer": "$25", "paragraph_support_idx": 7 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Taal Lake", "paragraph_text": "Taal Lake, formerly known as Bombón Lake, is a freshwater lake in the province of Batangas, on the island of Luzon in the Philippines. The lake fills Taal Caldera, a large volcanic caldera formed by very large eruptions between 500,000 and 100,000 years ago. It is the country's third-largest lake, after Laguna de Bay and Lake Lanao. Volcano Island, the location of Taal Volcano's historical eruptions and responsible for the lake's sulfuric content, lies near the center of the lake. There is a crater lake on Volcano Island. Known as the Yellow Lake or the Main Crater Lake, it contains its own small island, Vulcan Point. Vulcan Point was thought to be the largest third-order island in the world, but Treasure Island (Ontario) is much bigger and is thought to be the world largest, and is also on a freshwater lake.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Parry Sound", "paragraph_text": "Parry Sound is a sound or bay of Georgian Bay on lake Huron, in Ontario, Canada. It is highly irregularly shaped with many deep bays and islands. Killbear Provincial Park is located on the large peninsula that separates the sound from Georgian Bay, while it is bordered on the south side by Parry Island, home of the Wasauksing First Nation. At the head of the sound is the namesake town that is the largest community on the shores of Georgian Bay from Severn Sound to Manitoulin Island.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Caballo Lake", "paragraph_text": "Caballo Lake is a reservoir on the Rio Grande in southern New Mexico, United States. It is the fourth largest reservoir in New Mexico in terms of surface area and the fifth largest body of water in New Mexico in terms of volume. The lake is in Caballo Lake State Park, which is approximately south of Truth or Consequences.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Great Lakes", "paragraph_text": "The Great Lakes are the largest group of freshwater lakes on Earth by total area, and second largest by total volume, containing 21% of the world's surface fresh water by volume. The total surface is 94,250 square miles (244,106 km), and the total volume (measured at the low water datum) is 5,439 cubic miles (22,671 km), slightly less than the volume of Lake Baikal (23,615 km3, 22 -- 23% of the world's surface fresh water). Due to their sea - like characteristics (rolling waves, sustained winds, strong currents, great depths, and distant horizons) the five Great Lakes have also long been referred to as inland seas. Lake Superior is the second largest lake in the world by area, and the largest freshwater lake by area. Lake Michigan is the largest lake that is entirely within one country.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Lake Chilwa", "paragraph_text": "Lake Chilwa is the second-largest lake in Malawi after Lake Malawi. It is in eastern Zomba District, near the border with Mozambique. Approximately 60 km long and 40 km wide, the lake is surrounded by extensive wetlands. There is a large island in the middle of the lake called Chisi Island.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Chitose River", "paragraph_text": "In the Ainu language Chitose was originally called \"shikot\", meaning big depression or hollow, like Lake Shikotsu a caldera lake. To the Japanese, this sounded too much like , so it was changed to \"Chitose\". The name of the river was changed in 1805.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Wolves (1930 film)", "paragraph_text": "Wolves is a 1930 British crime film directed by Albert de Courville and starring Charles Laughton, Dorothy Gish and Malcolm Keen. The screenplay concerns a woman who is captured by a gang of criminals operating in the Arctic, only for the leader to later help her escape. It was based on a play by Georges Toudouze. It was produced by Herbert Wilcox's British and Dominions Film Corporation, but filmed at the Blattner Studios whilst sound equipment was being installed at Wilcox's nearby Imperial Studios, and the sound was added after filming was completed. It was Gish's first sound film, and was Laughton's second talkie (but his first sound drama), having completed a film of a musical variety performance earlier the same year. Of 57 minutes original duration, it was released in 1936 in a 37-minute version retitled \"Wanted Men\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Emerson, Lake & Palmer", "paragraph_text": "Emerson, Lake & Palmer (ELP) were an English progressive rock supergroup formed in London in 1970. The band consisted of keyboardist Keith Emerson, singer, bassist and producer Greg Lake and drummer and percussionist Carl Palmer. With nine RIAA - certified gold record albums in the US, and an estimated 48 million records sold worldwide, they were one of the most popular and commercially successful progressive rock bands in the 1970s, with a musical sound including adaptations of classical music with jazz and symphonic rock elements, dominated by Emerson's flamboyant use of the Hammond organ, Moog synthesizer, and piano (although Lake wrote several acoustic songs for the group).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Oastler Lake Provincial Park", "paragraph_text": "Oastler Lake Provincial Park is a provincial park in the municipality of Seguin, Parry Sound District in Central Ontario, Canada. The nearest town, just to the northwest, is Parry Sound.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Restoule", "paragraph_text": "Restoule is a community and designated place in geographic Patterson Township in the Centre Unorganized Part of Parry Sound District in Central Ontario, Canada. It is situated on the Restoule River between Commanda Lake, and Restoule Lake and is part of the Almaguin Highlands region.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "SS Edmund Fitzgerald", "paragraph_text": "SS Edmund Fitzgerald was an American Great Lakes freighter that sank in a Lake Superior storm on November 10, 1975, with the loss of the entire crew of 29. When launched on June 7, 1958, she was the largest ship on North America's Great Lakes, and she remains the largest to have sunk there.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Lake Ainslie", "paragraph_text": "Lake Ainslie on Cape Breton Island is the largest natural freshwater lake in Nova Scotia. The Southwest Margaree River starts at the lake and empties into the Gulf of Saint Lawrence. The lake is approximately 20 km long and averages 5 km in width.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Switzerland", "paragraph_text": "Switzerland lies between latitudes 45° and 48° N, and longitudes 5° and 11° E. It contains three basic topographical areas: the Swiss Alps to the south, the Swiss Plateau or Central Plateau, and the Jura mountains on the west. The Alps are a high mountain range running across the central-south of the country, comprising about 60% of the country's total area. The majority of the Swiss population live in the Swiss Plateau. Among the high valleys of the Swiss Alps many glaciers are found, totalling an area of 1,063 square kilometres (410 sq mi). From these originate the headwaters of several major rivers, such as the Rhine, Inn, Ticino and Rhône, which flow in the four cardinal directions into the whole of Europe. The hydrographic network includes several of the largest bodies of freshwater in Central and Western Europe, among which are included Lake Geneva (also called le Lac Léman in French), Lake Constance (known as Bodensee in German) and Lake Maggiore. Switzerland has more than 1500 lakes, and contains 6% of Europe's stock of fresh water. Lakes and glaciers cover about 6% of the national territory. The largest lake is Lake Geneva, in western Switzerland shared with France. The Rhône is both the main source and outflow of Lake Geneva. Lake Constance is the second largest Swiss lake and, like the Lake Geneva, an intermediate step by the Rhine at the border to Austria and Germany. While the Rhône flows into the Mediterranean Sea at the French Camarque region and the Rhine flows into the North Sea at Rotterdam in the Netherlands, about 1000 km apart, both springs are only about 22 km apart from each other in the Swiss Alps.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Seattle", "paragraph_text": "King County Metro provides frequent stop bus service within the city and surrounding county, as well as a South Lake Union Streetcar line between the South Lake Union neighborhood and Westlake Center in downtown. Seattle is one of the few cities in North America whose bus fleet includes electric trolleybuses. Sound Transit currently provides an express bus service within the metropolitan area; two Sounder commuter rail lines between the suburbs and downtown; its Central Link light rail line, which opened in 2009, between downtown and Sea-Tac Airport gives the city its first rapid transit line that has intermediate stops within the city limits. Washington State Ferries, which manages the largest network of ferries in the United States and third largest in the world, connects Seattle to Bainbridge and Vashon Islands in Puget Sound and to Bremerton and Southworth on the Kitsap Peninsula.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "The Sound of Music (film)", "paragraph_text": "Later that night at the festival, during their final number, the von Trapp family slip away and seek shelter at the nearby abbey, where Mother Abbess hides them in the cemetery crypt. Brownshirts soon arrive and search the abbey, but the family is able to escape using the caretaker's car. When the soldiers attempt to pursue, they discover their cars will not start as two nuns have removed parts of the engines. The next morning, after driving to the Swiss border, the von Trapp family make their way on foot across the frontier into Switzerland to safety and freedom.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Akosombo Dam", "paragraph_text": "The Akosombo Dam, also known as the Volta Dam, is a hydroelectric dam on the Volta River in southeastern Ghana in the Akosombo gorge and part of the Volta River Authority. The construction of the dam flooded part of the Volta River Basin, and led to the subsequent creation of Lake Volta. The flooding that created the Lake Volta reservoir displaced many people and had a significant impact on the local environment. Lake Volta is the largest man-made lake in the world by surface area. It covers , which is 3.6% of Ghana's land area. With a volume of 148 cubic kilometers, Lake Volta is the world's third largest man-made lake by volume, the largest being Lake Kariba which is located between Zimbabwe and Zambia in Southern Africa and contains 185 cubic kilometers of water.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Lake Tai", "paragraph_text": "Taihu, literally the Great Lake, also known as Lake Tai or Lake Taihu, rest in the Yangtze Delta plain, is one of the largest freshwater lakes in China. The lake belongs to Jiangsu and the southern shore forms its border with Zhejiang. With an area of 2,250 square kilometers (869 sq mi) and an average depth of 2 meters (6.6 ft), it is the third-largest freshwater lake in China, after Poyang and Dongting. The lake houses about 90 islands, ranging in size from a few square meters to several square kilometers.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Seattle", "paragraph_text": "Seattle is located between the saltwater Puget Sound (an arm of the Pacific Ocean) to the west and Lake Washington to the east. The city's chief harbor, Elliott Bay, is part of Puget Sound, which makes the city an oceanic port. To the west, beyond Puget Sound, are the Kitsap Peninsula and Olympic Mountains on the Olympic Peninsula; to the east, beyond Lake Washington and the eastside suburbs, are Lake Sammamish and the Cascade Range. Lake Washington's waters flow to Puget Sound through the Lake Washington Ship Canal (consisting of two man-made canals, Lake Union, and the Hiram M. Chittenden Locks at Salmon Bay, ending in Shilshole Bay on Puget Sound).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Nilakka", "paragraph_text": "Nilakka is a rather large lake in Northern Savonia, Finland. With the area of nearly 169 km² it is the 25th largest lake in the country. It's a shallow lake, connected by canals to upper Lake Pielavesi and lower Iisvesi.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Puslinch Lake", "paragraph_text": "Puslinch Lake is a kettle lake located in Wellington County, Ontario, Canada. It is the largest kettle lake in Canada. The lake is private, without access to the public. The lake provides many recreational activities, including swimming, fishing, sailing, motor boating, and water skiing. The Puslinch Lake - Irish Creek Wetland, a provincially significant area, is adjacent to the lake.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 77965, "question": "sound of music where did they escape to", "answer": "Switzerland", "paragraph_support_idx": 14 }, { "id": 22347, "question": "What is the largest lake in #1 ?", "answer": "Lake Geneva", "paragraph_support_idx": 12 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Official Languages Act (Canada)", "paragraph_text": "The Official Languages Act (French: Loi sur les langues officielles) is a Canadian law that came into force on September 9, 1969, which gives French and English equal status in the government of Canada. This makes them ``official ''languages, having preferred status in law over all other languages. Although the Official Languages Act is not the only piece of federal language law, it is the legislative keystone of Canada's official bilingualism. It was substantially amended in 1988. Both languages are equal in Canada's government and in all the services it controls, such as the courts.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Armenians", "paragraph_text": "Eric P. Hamp in his 2012 Indo-European family tree, groups the Armenian language along with Greek and Ancient Macedonian (\"Helleno-Macedonian\") in the Pontic Indo-European (also called Helleno-Armenian) subgroup. In Hamp's view the homeland of this subgroup is the northeast coast of the Black Sea and its hinterlands. He assumes that they migrated from there southeast through the Caucasus with the Armenians remaining after Batumi while the pre-Greeks proceeded westwards along the southern coast of the Black Sea.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Crimean War", "paragraph_text": "Notable documentation of the war was provided by William Howard Russell (writing for The Times newspaper) and the photographs of Roger Fenton.:306–309 News from war correspondents reached all nations involved in the war and kept the public citizenry of those nations better informed of the day-to-day events of the war than had been the case in any other war to that date. The British public was very well informed regarding the day-to-day realities of the war in the Crimea. After the French extended the telegraph to the coast of the Black Sea during the winter of 1854, the news reached London in two days. When the British laid an underwater cable to the Crimean peninsula in April 1855, news reached London in a few hours. The daily news reports energised public opinion, which brought down the Aberdeen government and carried Lord Palmerston into office as prime minister.:304–11", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 3, "title": "West Vancouver—Sunshine Coast—Sea to Sky Country", "paragraph_text": "West Vancouver—Sunshine Coast—Sea to Sky Country (formerly West Vancouver—Sunshine Coast) is a federal electoral district in British Columbia, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 1997.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Minister responsible for Official Languages (Canada)", "paragraph_text": "The Minister responsible for Official Languages is the Minister of the Crown in the Canadian Cabinet who is entrusted with the enforcement of the Official Languages Act, ensuring that government services are available in both English and French, protecting minority language rights, particularly in the area of education, and promoting bilingualism throughout Canada.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Novofedorivka", "paragraph_text": "Novofedorivka (, Novofyodorovka, , ) is an urban-type settlement and a military air base (ICAO: UKFI) on the Black Sea coast in Saky Raion in western Crimea. Novofedorivka was established in 1992. Population:", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "List of lighthouses in Canada", "paragraph_text": "This is a list of lighthouses in Canada. These may naturally be divided into lighthouses on the Pacific coast, on the Arctic Ocean, in the Hudson Bay watershed, on the Labrador Sea and Gulf of St. Lawrence, in the St. Lawrence River watershed (including the Great Lakes), and on the Atlantic seaboard.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Greeks", "paragraph_text": "In ancient times, the trading and colonizing activities of the Greek tribes and city states spread the Greek culture, religion and language around the Mediterranean and Black Sea basins, especially in Sicily and southern Italy (also known as Magna Grecia), Spain, the south of France and the Black sea coasts. Under Alexander the Great's empire and successor states, Greek and Hellenizing ruling classes were established in the Middle East, India and in Egypt. The Hellenistic period is characterized by a new wave of Greek colonization that established Greek cities and kingdoms in Asia and Africa. Under the Roman Empire, easier movement of people spread Greeks across the Empire and in the eastern territories, Greek became the lingua franca rather than Latin. The modern-day Griko community of southern Italy, numbering about 60,000, may represent a living remnant of the ancient Greek populations of Italy.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Black Sea Biosphere Reserve", "paragraph_text": "The Black Sea Biosphere Reserve () is a biosphere reserve of Ukraine that is located at littoral zone of the northern Black Sea coast covering regions of the Kherson and Mykolaiv Oblasts and including Gulf of Tendra and Yahorlyk Bay. The reserve is part of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Odessa Oblast", "paragraph_text": "Odessa Oblast (also known as Odesa Oblast; , \"Odes’ka oblast’\", , \"Odesskaya oblast’\") is an oblast (province) of southwestern Ukraine, located along the northern coast of the Black Sea. Its administrative center is the city of Odessa ().", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Americans at the Black Sea", "paragraph_text": "Americans at the Black Sea () is a 2006 Turkish comedy film, directed by Kartal Tibet, about a U.S. military recovery operation on Turkey's Black Sea coast. The film, which went on nationwide general release across Turkey on .", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "First Transcontinental Railroad", "paragraph_text": "Six years after the groundbreaking, laborers of the Central Pacific Railroad from the west and the Union Pacific Railroad from the east met at Promontory Summit, Utah Territory. It was here on May 10, 1869, that Leland Stanford drove The Last Spike (or golden spike) that joined the rails of the transcontinental railroad. The spike is now on display at the Cantor Arts Center at Stanford University, while a second ``Last ''Golden Spike is also on display at the California State Railroad Museum in Sacramento. In perhaps the world's first live mass - media event, the hammers and spike were wired to the telegraph line so that each hammer stroke would be heard as a click at telegraph stations nationwide -- the hammer strokes were missed, so the clicks were sent by the telegraph operator. As soon as the ceremonial`` Last Spike'' had been replaced by an ordinary iron spike, a message was transmitted to both the East Coast and West Coast that simply read, ``DONE. ''Travel from coast to coast was reduced from six months or more to just one week.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Hellenistic period", "paragraph_text": "The Kingdom of Pontus was a Hellenistic kingdom on the southern coast of the Black Sea. It was founded by Mithridates I in 291 BC and lasted until its conquest by the Roman Republic in 63 BC. Despite being ruled by a dynasty which was a descendant of the Persian Achaemenid Empire it became hellenized due to the influence of the Greek cities on the Black Sea and its neighboring kingdoms. Pontic culture was a mix of Greek and Iranian elements, the most hellenized parts of the kingdom were on the coast, populated by Greek colonies such as Trapezus and Sinope, which became the capital of the kingdom. Epigraphic evidence also shows extensive Hellenistic influence in the interior. During the reign of Mithridates II, Pontus was allied with the Seleucids through dynastic marriages. By the time of Mithridates VI Eupator, Greek was the official language of the kingdom though Anatolian languages continued to be spoken.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Konkani language", "paragraph_text": "Konkani (Kōṅkaṇī) is an Indo - Aryan language belonging to the Indo - European family of languages and is spoken along the South western coast of India. It is one of the 22 scheduled languages mentioned in the 8th schedule of the Indian Constitution and the official language of the Indian state of Goa. The first Konkani inscription is dated 1187 A.D. It is a minority language in Karnataka, Maharashtra and Kerala, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, and Daman and Diu.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Federation Island", "paragraph_text": "Federation Island (rus: \"Остров \"Федерация\"\") is an artificial island archipelago that was projected to be located off the coast of Sochi, Russia, in the Black Sea.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Black people", "paragraph_text": "The official policy became one of biological and cultural assimilation: \"Eliminate the full-blood and permit the white admixture to half-castes and eventually the race will become white\". This led to different treatment for \"black\" and \"half-caste\" individuals, with lighter-skinned individuals targeted for removal from their families to be raised as \"white\" people, restricted from speaking their native language and practising traditional customs, a process now known as the Stolen Generation.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Geography of Japan", "paragraph_text": "Japan is an island nation in East Asia comprising a stratovolcanic archipelago extending along the continent's Pacific coast. It lies between 24 ° to 46 ° north latitude and from 123 ° to 146 ° east longitude. Japan is southeast of the Russian Far East, separated by the Sea of Okhotsk; slightly east of Korea, separated by the Sea of Japan; and east - northeast of China and Taiwan, separated by the East China Sea. The closest neighboring country to Japan is the Russian Federation.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Charter of the French Language", "paragraph_text": "The Charter of the French Language (French: La charte de la langue française), also known as Bill 101 (Law 101 or French: Loi 101), is a 1977 law in the province of Quebec in Canada defining French, the language of the majority of the population, as the official language of Quebec. It is the central legislative piece in Quebec's language policy.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Harbord Glacier Tongue", "paragraph_text": "Harbord Glacier Tongue () is a glacier tongue forming the seaward extension of Harbord Glacier on the coast of Victoria Land, Antarctica. It was first charted by the British Antarctic Expedition under Shackleton, 1907–09, at which time it extended about into the Ross Sea. It was named by Shackleton for A.E. Harbord, second officer of the \"Nimrod\" for the last year of the expedition.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "The Black Tusk", "paragraph_text": "The Black Tusk is a stratovolcano and a pinnacle of volcanic rock in Garibaldi Provincial Park of British Columbia, Canada. At above sea level, the upper spire is visible from a great distance in all directions. It is particularly noticeable from the Sea-to-Sky Highway just south of Whistler, British Columbia. Distinctive and immediately identifiable, The Black Tusk is among the best known mountains in the Garibaldi Ranges of the Coast Mountains. The volcano is part of the Garibaldi Volcanic Belt which is a segment of the Canadian Cascade Arc, but it is not within the geographic boundary of the Cascade Range.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 22840, "question": "Who extended the telegraph to the coast of the Black Sea?", "answer": "the French", "paragraph_support_idx": 2 }, { "id": 65298, "question": "when did #1 become official language of canada", "answer": "September 9, 1969", "paragraph_support_idx": 0 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Pierre Frank", "paragraph_text": "At the end of the Second World War he returned to France where his current campaigned for the reunification of the French Trotskyists. He joined the leadership of the Internationalist Communist Party (PCI). At the 1948 World Congress he joined the international leadership team that included Ernest Mandel and Michel Pablo.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Michael Sionidis", "paragraph_text": "Following the end of World War I, Sionidis, as president of Matsikovo community, retrieved the remains of nine \"evzones\" whom the Bulgarians had killed during the Second Balkan War, and buried them in his village. In 1927, the \"\" renamed Matsikovo to Evzonoi in their honour. Michael Sionidis died in 1935.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Fernand Bonneton", "paragraph_text": "Commandant Fernand Bonneton was a French World War I flying ace credited with nine confirmed aerial victories. He would survive the war, only to die in an aviation accident on 24 June 1922.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Gamal Abdel Nasser", "paragraph_text": "After years of foreign policy coordination and developing ties, Nasser, President Sukarno of Indonesia, President Tito of Yugoslavia, and Prime Minister Nehru of India founded the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) in 1961. Its declared purpose was to solidify international non-alignment and promote world peace amid the Cold War, end colonization, and increase economic cooperation among developing countries. In 1964, Nasser was made president of the NAM and held the second conference of the organization in Cairo.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Modern history", "paragraph_text": "The Great Depression ended at different times in different countries with the effect lasting into the next era. America's Great Depression ended in 1941 with America's entry into World War II. The majority of countries set up relief programs, and most underwent some sort of political upheaval, pushing them to the left or right. In some world states, the desperate citizens turned toward nationalist demagogues—the most infamous being Adolf Hitler—setting the stage for the next era of war. The convulsion brought on by the worldwide depression resulted in the rise of Nazism. In Asia, Japan became an ever more assertive power, especially with regards to China.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Battle of France", "paragraph_text": "The Battle of France, also known as the Fall of France, was the German invasion of France and the Low Countries during the Second World War. In six weeks from 10 May 1940, German forces defeated Allied forces by mobile operations and conquered France, Belgium, Luxembourg and the Netherlands, bringing land operations on the Western Front to an end until 6 June 1944. Italy entered the war on 10 June 1940 and attempted an invasion of France.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Soviet Union–United States relations", "paragraph_text": "The relations between the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (1922 -- 1991) succeeded the previous relations from 1776 to 1917 and predate today's relations that began in 1992. Full diplomatic relations between the two countries were established late due to mutual hostility. During World War II, the two countries were briefly allies. At the end of the war, the first signs of post-war mistrust and hostility began to appear between the two countries, escalating into the Cold War; a period of tense hostile relations, with periods of détente.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "HMCS Glace Bay (K414)", "paragraph_text": "HMCS \"Glace Bay\" was a built for the Royal Canadian Navy (RCN) in 1943. Commissioned in 1944 she served in the Battle of the Atlantic until the end of the Second World War. After the war she was sold to the Chilean Navy and renamed \"Esmeralda\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Norman conquest of southern Italy", "paragraph_text": "On 9 May 1009, an insurrection erupted in Bari against the Catapanate of Italy, the regional Byzantine authority based there. Led by Melus, a local Lombard, the revolt quickly spread to other cities. Late that year (or early in 1010) the katepano, John Curcuas, was killed in battle. In March 1010 his successor, Basil Mesardonites, disembarked with reinforcements and besieged the rebels in the city. The Byzantine citizens negotiated with Basil and forced the Lombard leaders, Melus and his brother-in-law Dattus, to flee. Basil entered the city on 11 June 1011, reestablishing Byzantine authority. He did not follow his victory with severe sanctions, only sending Melus' family (including his son, Argyrus) to Constantinople. Basil died in 1016, after years of peace in southern Italy.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Remember the End", "paragraph_text": "Remember the End is the second novel by the American writer Agnes Sligh Turnbull (1888–1982) and it is set in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania from the 1890s to World War I.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Military history of Italy during World War II", "paragraph_text": "However Italy's conquests were always heavily contested, both by various insurgencies (most prominently the Greek resistance and Yugoslav partisans) and Allied military forces, which waged the Battle of the Mediterranean throughout and beyond Italy's participation. Ultimately the Italian empire collapsed after disastrous defeats in the Eastern European and North African campaigns. In July 1943, following the Allied invasion of Sicily, Benito Mussolini was arrested by order of King Victor Emmanuel III, provoking a civil war. Italy's military outside of the peninsula itself collapsed, its occupied and annexed territories falling under German control. Italy surrendered to the Allies at the end of the Italian Campaign.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Interim Peace", "paragraph_text": "The Interim Peace (, ) was a short period in the history of Finland during the Second World War. The term is used for the time between the Winter War and the Continuation War, lasting a little over a year, from 13 March 1940 to 24 June 1941. The Moscow Peace Treaty was signed by Finland and the Soviet Union on 12 March 1940 and it ended the 105-day Winter War.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Trip to Vienna", "paragraph_text": "Trip to Vienna (German: Die Reise nach Wien) is a 1973 German drama film directed by Edgar Reitz and starring Elke Sommer, Hannelore Elsner and Mario Adorf. During the closing months of the Second World War, two small-town German women discover some money in an attic and decide to spend it on a trip to Vienna.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Ernest Maunoury", "paragraph_text": "Sous Lieutenant Ernest Joseph Jules Maunoury was a French flying ace during World War I. He was credited with eleven confirmed aerial victories. He survived the war, only to die in a flying accident on 21 September 1921.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "British Army during the Second World War", "paragraph_text": "The pre-war British Army was trained and equipped to be a small, mechanised, professional army. Its main function was to garrison the British Empire. It became evident early in the war that its initial structure and manpower was woefully unprepared and ill - equipped for a war with multiple enemies on multiple fronts. The British Army, an all - volunteer force until 1939, was small in comparison to its enemies at the start of the Second World War in 1939, as it had been in the First World War. By the end of the Second World War, however, over 3.5 million men had served in the British Army.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "World War I", "paragraph_text": "World War I (often abbreviated as WWI or WW1), also known as the First World War or the Great War, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918. Contemporaneously described as the ``war to end all wars '', more than 70 million military personnel, including 60 million Europeans, were mobilised in one of the largest wars in history. Over nine million combatants and seven million civilians died as a result of the war (including the victims of a number of genocides), a casualty rate exacerbated by the belligerents' technological and industrial sophistication, and the tactical stalemate caused by gruelling trench warfare. It was one of the deadliest conflicts in history and precipitated major political change, including the Revolutions of 1917 -- 1923 in many of the nations involved. Unresolved rivalries at the end of the conflict contributed to the start of the Second World War twenty - one years later.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "The war to end war", "paragraph_text": "During August 1914, immediately after the outbreak of the war, British author and social commentator H.G. Wells published a number of articles in London newspapers that subsequently appeared as a book entitled The War That Will End War. Wells blamed the Central Powers for the coming of the war and argued that only the defeat of German militarism could bring about an end to war. Wells used the shorter form of the phrase, ``the war to end war '', in In the Fourth Year (1918), in which he noted that the phrase had`` got into circulation'' in the second half of 1914. In fact, it had become one of the most common catchphrases of the First World War.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "World War I", "paragraph_text": "World War I (WWI or WW1), also known as the First World War, the Great War, or the War to End All Wars, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918. More than 70 million military personnel, including 60 million Europeans, were mobilised in one of the largest wars in history. Over nine million combatants and seven million civilians died as a result of the war (including the victims of a number of genocides), a casualty rate exacerbated by the belligerents' technological and industrial sophistication, and the tactical stalemate caused by gruelling trench warfare. It was one of the deadliest conflicts in history, and paved the way for major political changes, including revolutions in many of the nations involved. Unresolved rivalries still extant at the end of the conflict contributed to the start of the Second World War only twenty - one years later.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Volvo PV51", "paragraph_text": "The Volvo PV51 is an automobile introduced by Volvo in December 1936. It was replaced by the mildly restyled PV53 in 1938. This car remained in production until the end of the Second World War.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Georg Henke", "paragraph_text": "Georg Henke (born Berlin 9 April 1908: died 8 December 1986) was a German Communist who involved himself in political resistance during the Nazi years, and spent most of the Second World War exiled in Sweden. He also worked as a journalist. After the war he became an East German diplomat, ending up, between 1968 and 1972, as his country's ambassador to North Korea.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 159161, "question": "What country did Basil die?", "answer": "Italy", "paragraph_support_idx": 8 }, { "id": 78659, "question": "when did the second world war end in #1", "answer": "July 1943", "paragraph_support_idx": 10 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "KILT-FM", "paragraph_text": "KILT-FM (100.3 FM) is a Houston, Texas-based radio station with a country music format. It is owned by Entercom, and its studios are in Greenway Plaza. Its transmitter is located in Missouri City, Texas. It is a sister station of KILT, which is located at 610 kHz, also in Houston.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Pyeongchang County", "paragraph_text": "Pyeongchang hosted the 2018 Winter Olympics and the 2018 Winter Paralympics. To avoid confusion with Pyongyang, North Korea, it has been officially rebranded as ``PyeongChang ''for the Olympics and the Paralympics.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 2, "title": "WAMZ", "paragraph_text": "WAMZ is a country music-formatted radio station located in Louisville, Kentucky. The station broadcasts on 97.5 FM with an ERP of 100 kW. The station's studios are located in the Louisville enclave of Watterson Park and the transmitter site is in Brooks, Kentucky.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "CKSY-FM", "paragraph_text": "CKSY-FM is a radio station located in Chatham-Kent, Ontario. Owned by Blackburn Radio, the station broadcasts an adult contemporary format on 94.3 FM. CKSY is co-owned with adult-hits station CKUE-FM and country-formatted CFCO-AM-FM.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "KPLX", "paragraph_text": "KPLX (99.5 FM, \"99.5 The Wolf\") is an American commercial radio station broadcasting a country music format on 99.5 FM, serving the Dallas/Fort Worth metroplex in Texas and is under ownership of Cumulus Media. The station's studios are located in the Victory Park district in Dallas just north of downtown, and its transmitter is located in Cedar Hill, Texas.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "CKLC-FM", "paragraph_text": "CKLC-FM is a Canadian radio station broadcasting at 98.9 FM in Kingston, Ontario. The station currently airs a country music format and is branded on-air as Pure Country 99. The station is owned and operated by Bell Media which also owns sister station CFLY-FM.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "WUMB-FM", "paragraph_text": "WUMB-FM (91.9 FM) in Boston, Massachusetts is the radio station of University of Massachusetts Boston. It broadcasts an Americana/Blues/Roots/Folk mix hosted by its staff weekdays. On weekends the station concentrates on traditional folk, Celtic, blues, and world music including syndicated programs. Overnight programming starting at midnight and usually through 5am is a repeat of a portion of the previous day's programming; an announcement of this fact is made at midnight. The station has received many awards for its folk music programming.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "CISN-FM", "paragraph_text": "CISN-FM (103.9 FM) is a radio station that broadcasts from Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. It is owned by Corus Entertainment, which also operates CHED, CHQT and CKNG-FM. The station has a country format, playing both current hits and past favourites. CISN is one of the longest Edmonton broadcasting stations on FM. CISN's studios are located on 84th Street in downtown Edmonton, while its transmitter is located near Anthony Henday Drive in eastern Edmonton.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "WKKO", "paragraph_text": "WKKO is a commercial FM radio station in Toledo, Ohio broadcasting on 99.9 MHz with a country music format. It is owned by Cumulus Media. The station's studios are located in Toledo, and its transmitter is located in Harbor View, Ohio.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "WTNT-FM", "paragraph_text": "WTNT-FM (94.9 FM) is a country radio station broadcasting in Tallahassee, Florida. Under ownership of iHeartMedia, Inc., its studios and transmitter are located separately in the northside of Tallahassee.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "CKXC-FM", "paragraph_text": "CKXC-FM is a Canadian radio station broadcasting at 93.5 FM in Kingston, Ontario owned by Rogers Media. The station currently broadcasts a country music format branded as Country 93.5.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "KFDI-FM", "paragraph_text": "KFDI-FM is a 100 kW radio station operating in Wichita, Kansas. Identifying as \"Today's KFDI-FM 101.3, Wichita's Country Favorites,\" the station runs a contemporary country music format. KFDI has a strong emphasis on news, weather, and traffic with the largest news radio team in Kansas and the only one staffed 24/7/365. The station is owned by SummitMedia. Its studios are located just north of Wichita and the transmitter is located outside Colwich, Kansas.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Midnight FM", "paragraph_text": "\"Midnight FM\" was released October 14, 2010, in South Korea. The international premiere was at the Hawaii International Film Festival ten days later.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 13, "title": "WYNK-FM", "paragraph_text": "WYNK-FM (101.5 FM) is a country music formatted radio station licensed to Baton Rouge, Louisiana. The iHeartMedia, Inc. station broadcasts with an ERP of 100 kW. Its studios are located east of downtown Baton Rouge near the I-10/I-12 interchange and its transmitter is in Plaquemine, Louisiana.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "CHSJ-FM", "paragraph_text": "CHSJ-FM is a Canadian radio station broadcasting at 94.1 FM in Saint John, New Brunswick. The station plays a country music format under the \"Country 94\" branding. CHSJ-FM is owned by Acadia Broadcasting, which also owns sister station CHWV-FM.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Joe Robinson (radio personality)", "paragraph_text": "Joe Robinson (born December 2, 1968) is an American comedian and former radio host on \"Irresponsible Radio with Theo & Joe\" that was broadcast 7PM-Midnight on WIYY, 98Rock (97.9 FM) in Baltimore, Maryland, from September 2007-July 2008.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "WKDF", "paragraph_text": "WKDF (103.3 FM, \"103.3 Nash FM\") is a Country music radio station broadcasting on a frequency of 103.3 MHz from Nashville, Tennessee. WKDF is owned by Cumulus Media. A transmitter site is in Brentwood, Tennessee, and its studios are located in Nashville's Music Row district.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "KXXY-FM", "paragraph_text": "KXXY-FM (96.1 FM, \"96.1 KXY\") is a country music formatted radio station serving the Oklahoma City area and is owned by iHeartMedia, Inc.. KXY was the flagship station of the Oklahoma City Barons hockey team before they left Oklahoma City. Its transmitter is located in Northeast Oklahoma City, and studios are located at the 50 Penn Place building on the Northwest side.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "KTCO", "paragraph_text": "KTCO (98.9 FM, \"Kat Country 98.9\") is a radio station in Duluth, Minnesota, airing a country music format. KTCO is owned by Midwest Communications, which also owns KDKE, WDSM, WDUL, KDAL, and KDAL-FM in Duluth. All the Duluth stations share the same studio location at 11 East Superior St. Suite 380, downtown Duluth.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "WPUR", "paragraph_text": "WPUR (107.3 FM) is a country music formatted radio station in Atlantic City, New Jersey. WPUR is more commonly known as \"Cat Country 107.3\". Its transmitter is located in Atlantic City, while studios are in Northfield, New Jersey.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 106998, "question": "Which was the country for Midnight FM?", "answer": "South Korea", "paragraph_support_idx": 12 }, { "id": 62905, "question": "where are the olympics located in #1", "answer": "Pyeongchang", "paragraph_support_idx": 1 } ]

[ "Pyeongchang County" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Capacitor", "paragraph_text": "Charles Pollak (born Karol Pollak), the inventor of the first electrolytic capacitors, found out that the oxide layer on an aluminum anode remained stable in a neutral or alkaline electrolyte, even when the power was switched off. In 1896 he filed a patent for an \"Electric liquid capacitor with aluminum electrodes.\" Solid electrolyte tantalum capacitors were invented by Bell Laboratories in the early 1950s as a miniaturized and more reliable low-voltage support capacitor to complement their newly invented transistor.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Air conditioning", "paragraph_text": "In 1902, the first modern electrical air conditioning unit was invented by Willis Carrier in Buffalo, New York. After graduating from Cornell University, Carrier found a job at the Buffalo Forge Company. While there, he began experimenting with air conditioning as a way to solve an application problem for the Sackett - Wilhelms Lithographing and Publishing Company in Brooklyn, New York. The first air conditioner, designed and built in Buffalo by Carrier, began working on 17 July 1902.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Alexander Graham Bell", "paragraph_text": "In March 1875, Bell and Pollok visited the famous scientist Joseph Henry, who was then director of the Smithsonian Institution, and asked Henry's advice on the electrical multi-reed apparatus that Bell hoped would transmit the human voice by telegraph. Henry replied that Bell had \"the germ of a great invention\". When Bell said that he did not have the necessary knowledge, Henry replied, \"Get it!\" That declaration greatly encouraged Bell to keep trying, even though he did not have the equipment needed to continue his experiments, nor the ability to create a working model of his ideas. However, a chance meeting in 1874 between Bell and Thomas A. Watson, an experienced electrical designer and mechanic at the electrical machine shop of Charles Williams, changed all that.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Dishwasher", "paragraph_text": "In the United Kingdom, William Howard Livens invented a small, non-electric dishwasher suitable for domestic use in 1924. It was the first dishwasher that incorporated most of the design elements that are featured in the models of today; it included a front door for loading, a wire rack to hold the dirty crockery and a rotating sprayer. Drying elements were even added to his design in 1940. It was the first machine suitable for domestic use, and it came at a time when permanent plumbing and running water in the house was becoming increasingly common.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Atwood machine", "paragraph_text": "The Atwood machine (or Atwood's machine) was invented in 1784 by the English mathematician George Atwood as a laboratory experiment to verify the mechanical laws of motion with constant acceleration. Atwood's machine is a common classroom demonstration used to illustrate principles of classical mechanics.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Raymond Moloney", "paragraph_text": "Raymond T. Moloney (died February 26, 1958) invented the \"Bally Hoo\" pinball machine in 1931, and founded the Bally Manufacturing Corporation of Chicago, IL, USA on January 10, 1932.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Electric motor", "paragraph_text": "In 1886, Frank Julian Sprague invented the first practical DC motor, a non-sparking motor that maintained relatively constant speed under variable loads. Other Sprague electric inventions about this time greatly improved grid electric distribution (prior work done while employed by Thomas Edison), allowed power from electric motors to be returned to the electric grid, provided for electric distribution to trolleys via overhead wires and the trolley pole, and provided controls systems for electric operations. This allowed Sprague to use electric motors to invent the first electric trolley system in 1887–88 in Richmond VA, the electric elevator and control system in 1892, and the electric subway with independently powered centrally controlled cars, which were first installed in 1892 in Chicago by the South Side Elevated Railway where it became popularly known as the \"L\". Sprague's motor and related inventions led to an explosion of interest and use in electric motors for industry, while almost simultaneously another great inventor was developing its primary competitor, which would become much more widespread. The development of electric motors of acceptable efficiency was delayed for several decades by failure to recognize the extreme importance of a relatively small air gap between rotor and stator. Efficient designs have a comparatively small air gap. [a] The St. Louis motor, long used in classrooms to illustrate motor principles, is extremely inefficient for the same reason, as well as appearing nothing like a modern motor.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Wilhelm Emil Fein", "paragraph_text": "Wilhelm Emil Fein (born 16 January 1842 in Ludwigsburg; died 6 October 1898 in Stuttgart) was a German inventor. He invented the worldwide first portable electric drill.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Sewing machine", "paragraph_text": "A sewing machine is a machine used to stitch fabric and other materials together with thread. Sewing machines were invented during the first Industrial Revolution to decrease the amount of manual sewing work performed in clothing companies. Since the invention of the first working sewing machine, generally considered to have been the work of Englishman Thomas Saint in 1790, the sewing machine has greatly improved the efficiency and productivity of the clothing industry.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Electric motor", "paragraph_text": "The first commutator DC electric motor capable of turning machinery was invented by the British scientist William Sturgeon in 1832. Following Sturgeon's work, a commutator-type direct-current electric motor made with the intention of commercial use was built by the American inventor Thomas Davenport, which he patented in 1837. The motors ran at up to 600 revolutions per minute, and powered machine tools and a printing press. Due to the high cost of primary battery power, the motors were commercially unsuccessful and Davenport went bankrupt. Several inventors followed Sturgeon in the development of DC motors but all encountered the same battery power cost issues. No electricity distribution had been developed at the time. Like Sturgeon's motor, there was no practical commercial market for these motors.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Fan (machine)", "paragraph_text": "Between 1882 and 1886 Schuyler Wheeler invented a fan powered by electricity. It was commercially marketed by the American firm Crocker & Curtis electric motor company. In 1882, Philip Diehl developed the world's first electric ceiling fan. During this intense period of innovation, fans powered by alcohol, oil, or kerosene were common around the turn of the 20th century. In 1909, KDK of Japan pioneered the invention of mass - produced electric fans for home use. In the 1920s, industrial advances allowed steel fans to be mass - produced in different shapes, bringing fan prices down and allowing more homeowners to afford them. In the 1930s, the first art deco fan (the ``swan fan '') was designed. By the 1940s, Crompton Greaves of India became the world's largest manufacturer of electric ceiling fans mainly for sale in India, Asia and the Middle East. By the 1950s, table and stand fans were manufactured in colors that were bright and eye catching.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Washing machine", "paragraph_text": "Electric washing machines were advertised and discussed in newspapers as early as 1904. Alva J. Fisher has been incorrectly credited with the invention of the electric washer. The US Patent Office shows at least one patent issued before Fisher's US patent number 966677 (e.g. Woodrow's US patent number 921195). The ``inventor ''of the electric washing machine remains unknown.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Richmond, Virginia", "paragraph_text": "Richmond emerged a decade after the smoldering rubble of the Civil War to resume its position as an economic powerhouse, with iron front buildings and massive brick factories. Canal traffic peaked in the 1860s and slowly gave way to railroads, allowing Richmond to become a major railroad crossroads, eventually including the site of the world's first triple railroad crossing. Tobacco warehousing and processing continued to play a role, boosted by the world's first cigarette-rolling machine, invented by James Albert Bonsack of Roanoke in 1880/81. Contributing to Richmond's resurgence was the first successful electrically powered trolley system in the United States, the Richmond Union Passenger Railway. Designed by electric power pioneer Frank J. Sprague, the trolley system opened its first line in 1888, and electric streetcar lines rapidly spread to other cities across the country. Sprague's system used an overhead wire and trolley pole to collect current, with electric motors on the car's trucks. In Richmond, the transition from streetcars to buses began in May 1947 and was completed on November 25, 1949.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Trump tariffs", "paragraph_text": "The Trump tariffs are a series of tariffs imposed during the presidency of Donald Trump. In January 2018, Trump imposed tariffs on solar panels and washing machines, and later the same year, he imposed tariffs on steel and aluminum. On June 1, 2018, the United States imposed a 25% tariff on imports of steel, and a 10% tariff on aluminum, on the European Union, Canada, and Mexico.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Yablochkov candle", "paragraph_text": "A Yablochkov candle (sometimes electric candle) is a type of electric carbon arc lamp, invented in 1876 by Pavel Yablochkov.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Machine gun", "paragraph_text": "The first successful machine - gun designs were developed in the mid-19th century. The key characteristic of modern machine guns, their relatively high rate of fire and more importantly mechanical loading, first appeared in the Model 1862 Gatling gun, which was adopted by the United States Navy. These weapons were still powered by hand; however, this changed with Hiram Maxim's idea of harnessing recoil energy to power reloading in his Maxim machine gun. Dr. Gatling also experimented with electric - motor - powered models; this externally powered machine reloading has seen use in modern weapons as well.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "North American Free Trade Agreement", "paragraph_text": "Following diplomatic negotiations dating back to 1990 among the three nations, U.S. President George H.W. Bush, Canadian Prime Minister Brian Mulroney and Mexican President Carlos Salinas signed the agreement in their respective capitals on December 17, 1992. The signed agreement was then ratified by each nation's legislative or parliamentary branch.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Washing machine", "paragraph_text": "Bendix Home Appliances, a subsidiary of Avco, an otherwise unrelated company, who licensed the name from Bendix Corporation, introduced the first domestic automatic washing machine in 1937, having applied for a patent in the same year. In appearance and mechanical detail, this first machine was not unlike the front loading automatic washers produced today. Although it included many of the today's basic features, the machine lacked any drum suspension and therefore had to be anchored to the floor to prevent ``walking ''. Because of the components required, the machine was also very expensive. For instance, the Bendix Home Laundry Service Manual (published November 1, 1946) shows that the drum speed change was facilitated by a 2 - speed gearbox built to a heavy duty standard (not unlike a car automatic gearbox, albeit at a smaller size). The timer was also probably fairly costly, because miniature electric motors were expensive to produce.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Singer Corporation", "paragraph_text": "Singer consolidated enough patents in the field to enable him to engage in mass production, and by 1860, his company was the largest manufacturer of sewing machines in the world. In 1885, Singer produced its first ``vibrating shuttle ''sewing machine, an improvement over contemporary transverse shuttle designs; (see bobbin drivers). Singer began to market its machines internationally in 1855 and won first prize at the Paris World's Fair. The company demonstrated the first workable electric sewing machine at the Philadelphia electric exhibition in 1889 and began mass - producing domestic electric machines in 1910. Singer was also a marketing innovator and was a pioneer in promoting the use of installment payment plans.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "John Hopkinson", "paragraph_text": "John Hopkinson, FRS, (27 July 1849 – 27 August 1898) was a British physicist, electrical engineer, Fellow of the Royal Society and President of the IEE (now the IET) twice in 1890 and 1896. He invented the three-wire (three-phase) system for the distribution of electrical power, for which he was granted a patent in 1882. He also worked in many areas of electromagnetism and electrostatics, and in 1890 was appointed professor of electrical engineering at King's College London, where he was also director of the Siemens Laboratory.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 65149, "question": "where was the first electric washing machine invented", "answer": "The US", "paragraph_support_idx": 11 }, { "id": 46180, "question": "who was the #1 president when nafta was founded", "answer": "George H.W. Bush", "paragraph_support_idx": 16 } ]

[ "President George H.W. Bush", "H.W. Bush", "George H.W." ]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Gaston Thierry", "paragraph_text": "Gaston Thierry (born 17 July 1866 in Munich, † 16 September 1904 near Mubi) was a German officer and civil servant in Togo and Cameroon.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Charles Nicholson (flautist)", "paragraph_text": "Charles Nicholson (1795–1837), was a Liverpool-born flautist and composer, who performed regularly in London. He was soloist at many of the Philharmonic Society Concerts from 1816-1836, and first flautist with the principal theater orchestras. He toured extensively in Britain, but never on the Continent. Besides giving classes to many students, he wrote tutors for flute-playing which were published throughout the 19th century.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "American Colonization Society", "paragraph_text": "The Society for the Colonization of Free People of Color of America, commonly known as the American Colonization Society (ACS), was a group established in 1816 by Robert Finley of New Jersey which supported the migration of free African Americans to the continent of Africa. The society in 1821 -- 22 helped to found a colony on the Pepper Coast of West Africa, as a place for free - born or manumitted American blacks. The ACS met with immediate and continuing objections from such African - Americans as James Forten and David Walker, who wished to remain in the land of their birth, saw colonization as a racist strategy for protecting slavery and purging the U.S. of its black citizens, and preferred to fight for equal rights at home. Colonizers were also met with resistance and attacks from those already living in and around the areas being colonized. There was some religious support and missionary efforts were part of the colonization. Disease was a major problem and took a deadly toll.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Togo", "paragraph_text": "Togo (), officially the Togolese Republic (), is a country in West Africa bordered by Ghana to the west, Benin to the east and Burkina Faso to the north. The sovereign state extends south to the Gulf of Guinea, where its capital Lomé is located. Togo covers , making it one of the smallest countries in Africa, with a population of approximately /1e6 round 1 million.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 4, "title": "British Isles", "paragraph_text": "Anglo-Saxons arrived as Roman power waned in the 5th century AD. Initially, their arrival seems to have been at the invitation of the Britons as mercenaries to repulse incursions by the Hiberni and Picts. In time, Anglo-Saxon demands on the British became so great that they came to culturally dominate the bulk of southern Great Britain, though recent genetic evidence suggests Britons still formed the bulk of the population. This dominance creating what is now England and leaving culturally British enclaves only in the north of what is now England, in Cornwall and what is now known as Wales. Ireland had been unaffected by the Romans except, significantly, having been Christianised, traditionally by the Romano-Briton, Saint Patrick. As Europe, including Britain, descended into turmoil following the collapse of Roman civilisation, an era known as the Dark Ages, Ireland entered a golden age and responded with missions (first to Great Britain and then to the continent), the founding of monasteries and universities. These were later joined by Anglo-Saxon missions of a similar nature.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "History of colonialism", "paragraph_text": "Africa was the target of the third wave of European colonialism, after that of the Americas and Asia. Many European statesmen and industrialists wanted to accelerate the Scramble for Africa, securing colonies before they strictly needed them. As a champion of Realpolitik, Bismarck disliked colonies and thought they were a waste of time, but his hand was forced by pressure from both the elites and the general population which considered the colonization a necessity for German prestige. German colonies in Togoland, Samoa, South - West Africa and New Guinea had corporate commercial roots, while the equivalent German - dominated areas in East Africa and China owed more to political motives. The British also took an interest in Africa, using the East Africa Company to take over what are now Kenya and Uganda. The British crown formally took over in 1895 and renamed the area the East Africa Protectorate.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Imperialism", "paragraph_text": "To better illustrate this idea, Bassett focuses his analysis of the role of nineteenth-century maps during the \"scramble for Africa\". He states that maps \"contributed to empire by promoting, assisting, and legitimizing the extension of French and British power into West Africa\". During his analysis of nineteenth-century cartographic techniques, he highlights the use of blank space to denote unknown or unexplored territory. This provided incentives for imperial and colonial powers to obtain \"information to fill in blank spaces on contemporary maps\".", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 7, "title": "European colonization of the Americas", "paragraph_text": "The European colonization of the Americas describes the history of the settlement and establishment of control of the continents of the Americas by various European powers. Starting in either the 10th or 11th century, when West Norse sailors explored and briefly settled on the shores of present - day Canada, according to Icelandic Sagas, violent conflicts with the indigenous population ultimately led to the Norse abandoning those settlements.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Lifestories", "paragraph_text": "Lifestories is an American medical drama television series that premiered August 20, 1990, on NBC. Done in a documentary style with off-screen narration by Robert Prosky, \"Lifestories\" was an attempt to make an extremely realistic medical drama answering questions like, \"Exactly what goes on during the first 45 minutes of a heart attack?\" \"What is it like to be told that you have advanced colon cancer?\"", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "History of Australia", "paragraph_text": "Van Diemen's Land, now known as Tasmania, was settled in 1803, following a failed attempt to settle at Sullivan Bay in what is now Victoria. Other British settlements followed, at various points around the continent, many of them unsuccessful. The East India Trade Committee recommended in 1823 that a settlement be established on the coast of northern Australia to forestall the Dutch, and Captain J.J.G. Bremer, RN, was commissioned to form a settlement between Bathurst Island and the Cobourg Peninsula. Bremer fixed the site of his settlement at Fort Dundas on Melville Island in 1824 and, because this was well to the west of the boundary proclaimed in 1788, proclaimed British sovereignty over all the territory as far west as longitude 129° East.The new boundary included Melville and Bathurst Islands, and the adjacent mainland. In 1826, the British claim was extended to the whole Australian continent when Major Edmund Lockyer established a settlement on King George Sound (the basis of the later town of Albany), but the eastern border of Western Australia remained unchanged at longitude 129° East. In 1824, a penal colony was established near the mouth of the Brisbane River (the basis of the later colony of Queensland). In 1829, the Swan River Colony and its capital of Perth were founded on the west coast proper and also assumed control of King George Sound. Initially a free colony, Western Australia later accepted British convicts, because of an acute labour shortage.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "American Gothic", "paragraph_text": "American Gothic is a 1930 painting by Grant Wood in the collection of the Art Institute of Chicago. Wood was inspired to paint what is now known as the \"American Gothic\" House in Eldon, Iowa, along with \"the kind of people I fancied should live in that house.\" It depicts a farmer standing beside his daughter - often mistakenly interpreted to be his wife.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "East India Company", "paragraph_text": "The East India Company (EIC), also known as the Honourable East India Company (HEIC) or the British East India Company and informally as John Company, was an English and later British joint - stock company. It was formed to trade in the Indian Ocean region, initially with Mughal India and the East Indies (Maritime Southeast Asia), and later with Qing China. The company ended up seizing control over large parts of the Indian subcontinent, colonized parts of Southeast Asia, and colonized Hong Kong after a war with Qing China.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "History of Canada", "paragraph_text": "Starting in the late 15th century, French and British expeditions explored, colonized, and fought over various places within North America in what constitutes present - day Canada. The colony of New France was established in 1534 and was ceded to the United Kingdom in 1763 after the French defeat in the Seven Years' War. The now British Province of Quebec was divided into Upper and Lower Canada in 1791 and reunified in 1841. In 1867, the Province of Canada was joined with two other British colonies of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia through Confederation, forming a self - governing entity named Canada. The new dominion expanded by incorporating other parts of British North America, finishing with Newfoundland and Labrador in 1949.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "History of Brazil", "paragraph_text": "The first European to colonize what is now the Federative Republic of Brazil on the continent of South America was Pedro Álvares Cabral (c. 1467 / 1468 - c. 1520) on April 22, 1500 under the sponsorship of the Kingdom of Portugal. From the 16th to the early 19th century, Brazil was a colony and a part of the Portuguese Empire. The country expanded south along the coast and west along the Amazon and other inland rivers from the original 15 donatary captaincy colonies established on the northeast Atlantic coast east of the Tordesillas Line of 1494 (approximately the 46th meridian west) that divided the Portuguese domain to the east from the Spanish domain to the west. The country's borders were only finalized in the early 20th century.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "British Togoland", "paragraph_text": "British Togoland, officially the Mandate Territory of Togoland and later officially the Trust Territory of Togoland, was a territory in West Africa, under the administration of the United Kingdom. It was effectively formed in 1916 by the splitting of the German protectorate of Togoland into two territories, French Togoland and British Togoland, during the First World War. Initially, it was a League of Nations Class B mandate. In 1922, British Togoland was formally placed under British rule while French Togoland, now Togo, was placed under French rule.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Les Oubliées", "paragraph_text": "Les Oubliées (The forgotten women) is a 1996 documentary film directed by Anne-Laure Folly of Togo and shot in Angola.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "British colonization of the Americas", "paragraph_text": "The British colonization of the Americas (including colonization by both the English and the Scots) began in 1607 in Jamestown, Virginia and reached its peak when colonies had been established throughout the Americas. The British were among the most important colonizers of the Americas, and their American empire came to rival the Spanish American colonies in military and economic might.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "British colonization of the Americas", "paragraph_text": "The British colonization of the Americas (including colonization by both the English and the Scots) began in 1607 in Jamestown, Virginia, and reached its peak when colonies had been established throughout the Americas. The English, and later the British, were among the most important colonizers of the Americas, and their American empire came to rival the Spanish American colonies in military and economic might.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Togolese franc", "paragraph_text": "The franc was the currency of Togo. Between 1924 and 1956, coins specifically for use in Togo were issued. Since 1945, Togo uses the West African CFA franc.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Togo", "paragraph_text": "Togo is a tropical, sub-Saharan nation, whose economy depends highly on agriculture, with a climate that provides good growing seasons. While the official language is French, many other languages are spoken in Togo, particularly those of the Gbe family. The largest religious group in Togo consists of those with indigenous beliefs, and there are significant Christian and Muslim minorities. Togo is a member of the United Nations, African Union, Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, South Atlantic Peace and Cooperation Zone, Francophonie, and Economic Community of West African States.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 100331, "question": "The continent that Togo is on is what?", "answer": "Africa", "paragraph_support_idx": 3 }, { "id": 42157, "question": "Who besides the british colonized #1 ?", "answer": "French", "paragraph_support_idx": 6 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Henri Danoy", "paragraph_text": "Henri Danoy, in Catalan, Enric Danoy i Bru (Saint-Laurent-de-la-Salanque, January 27, 1859 – August 22, 1928) was a French playwright and linguistic.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Pierre Blanchar", "paragraph_text": "Pierre Blanchar (30 June 1892 – 21 November 1963) was a French actor. He appeared in 54 films between 1922 and 1961. Blanchar was married to actress Marthe Vinot, with whom he had a daughter, actress Dominique Blanchar.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Frédéric Chopin", "paragraph_text": "Numerous recordings of Chopin's works are available. On the occasion of the composer's bicentenary, the critics of The New York Times recommended performances by the following contemporary pianists (among many others): Martha Argerich, Vladimir Ashkenazy, Emanuel Ax, Evgeny Kissin, Murray Perahia, Maurizio Pollini and Krystian Zimerman. The Warsaw Chopin Society organizes the Grand prix du disque de F. Chopin for notable Chopin recordings, held every five years.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Leon De La Mothe", "paragraph_text": "Leon De La Mothe (December 26, 1880 – June 12, 1943) was an American film director, actor and screenwriter of the silent era. He directed 40 films between 1915 and 1925. He also appeared in 28 films between 1915 and 1928. He was born in New Orleans, Louisiana and died in Los Angeles, California.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Kif Tebbi", "paragraph_text": "Kif Tebbi is a 1928 Italian silent war film directed by Mario Camerini. The film portrays the Italo-Turkish War. A young Italian-educated Libyan nobleman is summoned to fight for the Ottoman Empire when war breaks out in 1911, but eventually decides to change sides and support Italy.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "The Life of Carlos Gardel", "paragraph_text": "The Life of Carlos Gardel (Spanish: La Vida de Carlos Gardel) is a 1939 Argentine musical film directed by Alberto De Zavalia and starring Hugo del Carril, Delia Garces and Elsa O'Connor. The premiered in Buenos Aires on May 24, 1939. The film is a biopic, portraying the life of the French-born tango singer Carlos Gardel (1890-1935) who became a popular film star in Argentina and the United States. The film was a major success, due largely to the lasting popularity of Gardel following his sudden death in an airplane crash four years before. The film boosted the careers of its stars, and was part of what became known as the Golden Age of Argentine Cinema.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Impromptu (1991 film)", "paragraph_text": "Impromptu is a 1991 British-American period drama film directed by James Lapine, written by Sarah Kernochan, produced by Daniel A. Sherkow and Stuart Oken, and starring Hugh Grant as Frédéric Chopin and Judy Davis as George Sand. The film was shot entirely on location in France as a British production by an American company. The main location used was at the Chateau des Briottières outside of Angers, in the Loire Valley.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "La Modelo de la calle Florida", "paragraph_text": "La Modelo de la calle Florida is a Argentine low budget musical film directed by Julio Irigoyen. The tango film premiered in Buenos Aires.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Paloma Fair", "paragraph_text": "Paloma Fair (Spanish:La verbena de la Paloma) is a 1935 Spanish musical film directed by Benito Perojo and starring Miguel Ligero, Roberto Rey and Raquel Rodrigo. It is an adaptation of the 1894 Zarzuela \"La verbena de la Paloma\" and it is part of the tradition of Operetta films which was at its height during the 1930s. The film was made by Spain's largest studio of the era CIFESA, and was one of the most popular films made during the Second Spanish Republic.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "The Matinee Idol", "paragraph_text": "The Matinee Idol is a 1928 American silent romantic comedy film directed by Frank Capra, and starring Bessie Love and Johnnie Walker. A Broadway star falls in love with a woman who does not know his real identity.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Citizen Card (Portugal)", "paragraph_text": "The Citizen Card (Portuguese: Cartão de Cidadão) or CC is an identity card issued by the Portuguese government to its citizens. The card replaces several previous documents, including the Bilhete de Identidade (BI; Identity Card), Social Security card, National Health Service card, Taxpayer card and voter registration card, in one secure card. The Citizen Card was first issued in the Azores in mid-2006.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Anastasia, the False Czar's Daughter", "paragraph_text": "Anastasia, the False Czar's Daughter (German: Anastasia, die falsche Zarentochter) is a 1928 German silent drama film directed by Arthur Bergen and starring Lee Parry, Hans Stüwe and Elizza La Porta. The film's art direction was by Otto Moldenhauer.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Men Tell No Tales", "paragraph_text": "Johnny Depp as Captain Jack Sparrow: Rønning wanted to focus on relatable characters, as in the first film, ``where Jack is not the (lead... but) comes in and crashes the party every now and then, ''and to make use of Depp's`` comedic genius''. The film examines Jack's backstory, with the young Jack portrayed by Anthony De La Torre, whose face was replaced by a CGI replica of Depp as he looked in 21 Jump Street and What's Eating Gilbert Grape. Rønning felt de-aging Depp was tricky against the canon of the franchise.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Der Herzensphotograph", "paragraph_text": "Der Herzensphotograph (\"The Heart Photographer\") is a 1928 German silent film directed by Max Reichmann starring Harry Liedtke and Robert Garrison and also with La Jana and Betty Bird. The film's art direction was by Andrej Andrejew.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "The Night of the Wild Donkeys", "paragraph_text": "The Night of the Wild Donkeys or De Nacht van de Wilde Ezels is a 1991 Dutch film directed by Pim de la Parra.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Riesz space", "paragraph_text": "Riesz spaces are named after Frigyes Riesz who first defined them in his 1928 paper \"Sur la décomposition des opérations fonctionelles linéaires\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Les Valses de Vienne", "paragraph_text": "\"Les Valses de Vienne\" is a 1989 song originally recorded by the French artist François Feldman for his 1989 album, \"Une Présence\" and was the second singles release from that album in November of the same year. It achieved great success in France, topping the chart for six nonconsecutive weeks, and remains Feldman's signature song and a classic of 1980s French music.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Frédéric Chopin", "paragraph_text": "Chopin's life and his relations with George Sand have been fictionalized in numerous films. The 1945 biographical film A Song to Remember earned Cornel Wilde an Academy Award nomination as Best Actor for his portrayal of the composer. Other film treatments have included: La valse de l'adieu (France, 1928) by Henry Roussel, with Pierre Blanchar as Chopin; Impromptu (1991), starring Hugh Grant as Chopin; La note bleue (1991); and Chopin: Desire for Love (2002).", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Der Ladenprinz", "paragraph_text": "Der Ladenprinz (The Shop Prince) is a 1928 German silent film directed by Erich Schönfelder, starring Harry Halm, La Jana and Paul Henckels and also with La Jana, Sig Arno and Hermine Sterler. It was adapted from a novel by . The film's art direction was by Andrej Andrejew.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "La Bohème (1988 film)", "paragraph_text": "La bohème (also known as \"La bohème de Puccini\") is a 1988 Italian-French film of an opera directed by Luigi Comencini. It is based on Giacomo Puccini's \"La bohème\".", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 630, "question": "Who portrayed Chopin in the 1928 film, La valse de l'adieu?", "answer": "Pierre Blanchar", "paragraph_support_idx": 17 }, { "id": 137889, "question": "What is the national identity of #1 ?", "answer": "French", "paragraph_support_idx": 1 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Vito Corleone", "paragraph_text": "Vito Andolini Corleone is a fictional character in Mario Puzo's novel \"The Godfather\" and in the first two of Francis Ford Coppola's film trilogy. He is portrayed by Marlon Brando in \"The Godfather\" and then, as a young man, by Robert De Niro in \"The Godfather Part II\". He is an orphaned Sicilian immigrant who builds a Mafia empire. Upon his death, Michael, his youngest son, succeeds him as the don of the Corleone crime family.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Vito Corleone", "paragraph_text": "Vito Andolini Corleone (December 7, 1891 -- July 29, 1955) is a fictional character in Mario Puzo's novel The Godfather and in the first two of Francis Ford Coppola's three Godfather films, in which, in later life, he is portrayed by Marlon Brando in The Godfather and then, as a young man, by Robert De Niro in The Godfather Part II. He is an orphaned Sicilian immigrant who builds an American Mafia empire. Upon his death, Michael, his youngest son, succeeds him as the don of the Corleone crime family.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Mary Corleone", "paragraph_text": "Mary Corleone is a fictional character in The Godfather Part III, portrayed by Sofia Coppola. She is the daughter of Michael Corleone and Kay Adams and sister of Anthony Vito Corleone.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Michael Corleone", "paragraph_text": "The Godfather Part II is set in 1958 and 1959. The Corleone family has relocated to Nevada while Frank Pentangeli runs the family's operations in New York, Clemenza having died a few years before. Although Michael is the most powerful Mafia leader in the nation, he still actively works to remove the Corleone family from crime. His efforts have been largely unsuccessful, however, as his many enemies and growing obsession with revenge keep him tethered to the criminal underworld. Michael plans to finally legitimize the family by negotiating with Hyman Roth, his father's former business partner, over controlling casino operations in Cuba.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 4, "title": "The Godfather", "paragraph_text": "In 1945, at his daughter Connie's wedding, Vito Corleone hears requests in his role as the Godfather, the Don of a New York crime family. Vito's youngest son, Michael, who was a Marine during World War II, introduces his girlfriend, Kay Adams, to his family at the reception. Johnny Fontane, a famous singer and Vito's godson, seeks Vito's help in securing a movie role; Vito dispatches his consigliere, Tom Hagen, to Los Angeles to persuade studio head Jack Woltz to give Johnny the part. Woltz refuses until he wakes up in bed with the severed head of his prized stallion.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Skeletons & Majesties Live", "paragraph_text": "Skeletons & Majesties Live is the fourth live album of the metal band Gamma Ray. The album was recorded during Gamma Ray's 2011 concert in Pratteln (Switzerland) and contains acoustic renditions of the songs \"Rebellion in Dreamland\" and \"Send Me a Sign\" as well as the guest appearance of ex-Helloween and current Unisonic vocalist Michael Kiske on 3 tracks.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "The Godfather (film series)", "paragraph_text": "The Godfather was released on March 15, 1972. The feature - length film was directed by Francis Ford Coppola and based upon Mario Puzo's novel of the same name. The plot begins with Don Vito Corleone declining an offer to join in the narcotics business with notorious drug lord Virgil Sollozzo, which leads to an assassination attempt. Meanwhile, Vito's oldest son Sonny takes over the family and Michael strikes back for the assassination attempt by killing Sollozzo and a corrupted police captain, forcing Michael to go to Sicily in hiding. While in Sicily, Michael travels around the country and meets a woman he marries but who is killed in a car bombing. Michael returns to America after the news of his brother Sonny's murder. After returning, Vito turns over the reins of the family to Michael. Michael plans to move the family business to Las Vegas; but before the move, he plots the killing of the heads of the five families on the day of his nephew's baptism. Other subplots include Vito's daughter's abusive marriage, Johnny Fontaine's success in Hollywood and Vito's second son Fredo's role in the family business in Las Vegas.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Federal lands", "paragraph_text": "The federal government owns about 640 million acres of land in the United States, about 28% of the total land area of 2.27 billion acres. The majority of federal lands (610.1 million acres in 2015) are administered by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM), U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS), National Park Service (NPS), or U.S. Forest Service (FS). BLM, FWS, and NPS are part of the U.S. Department of the Interior, while the Forest Service is part of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. An additional 11.4 million acres of land (about 2% of all federal land) is owned by the U.S. Department of Defense (DOD). The majority of federal lands are located in Alaska and the Western states.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Vincent Corleone", "paragraph_text": "Vincent Corleone Andy Garcia portraying Vincent Corleone First appearance The Godfather Part III Portrayed by Andy García Information Nickname (s) Vinnie Aliases Vincenzo Corleone Gender Male Occupation Mobster Title Boss Soldato Family Corleone Relatives Fredo Corleone (paternal uncle, deceased) Michael Corleone (paternal uncle, deceased) Connie Corleone (paternal aunt) Vito Corleone (paternal grandfather, deceased) Carmela Corleone (paternal grandmother, deceased) Father Sonny Corleone Mother Lucy Mancini Half - brothers Frank Corleone Santino Corleone, Jr. Half - sisters Francesca Corleone Kathryn Corleone", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Mary Corleone", "paragraph_text": "Mary Corleone Sofia Coppola portraying Mary Corleone First appearance The Godfather Part II Last appearance The Godfather Part III Created by Mario Puzo Portrayed by Sofia Coppola Information Gender Female Family Corleone family Relatives Michael Corleone (father) Kay Adams - Corleone (mother) Vito Corleone (paternal grandfather; deceased) Anthony Corleone (brother) Sonny Corleone (paternal uncle; deceased) Fredo Corleone (paternal uncle; deceased) Vincent Mancini - Corleone (paternal cousin and lover) Connie Corleone (paternal aunt) Carmela Corleone (paternal grandmother; deceased) Carlo Rizzi (uncle; deceased)", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Saint Helena Island National Scenic Area", "paragraph_text": "Saint Helena Island National Scenic Area is a federally designated National Scenic Area within the Hiawatha National Forest in the US state of Michigan. The scenic area is administered by the U.S. Forest Service. It is contains all of Saint Helena Island, excluding the St. Helena Island Light. The Hiawatha National Forest was extended to encompass the island, which was acquired when existing property owners placed the land for sale.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "The Godfather Part II", "paragraph_text": "Carmela Corleone dies. At the funeral, Michael appears to forgive Fredo but later orders caporegime Al Neri to assassinate him out on the lake.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Nevada", "paragraph_text": "State of Nevada Flag Seal Nickname (s): Silver State (official); Sagebrush State; Battle Born State Motto (s): All for Our Country Official language De jure: None De facto: English Demonym Nevadan Capital Carson City Largest city Las Vegas Largest metro Las Vegas -- Paradise, NV MSA (Clark County) Area Ranked 7th Total 110,577 sq mi (286,382 km) Width 322 miles (519 km) Length 492 miles (787 km)% water 0.72 Latitude 35 ° N to 42 ° N Longitude 114 ° 2 ′ W to 120 ° W Population Ranked 34th Total 2,940,058 (2016 est.) Density 26.8 / sq mi (10.3 / km) Ranked 42nd Median household income $52,008 (34th) Elevation Highest point Boundary Peak 13,147 ft (4007.1 m) Mean 5,500 ft (1680 m) Lowest point Colorado River at California border 481 ft (147 m) Before statehood Nevada Territory, Utah Territory, New Mexico Territory Admission to Union October 31, 1864 (36th) Governor Brian Sandoval (R) Lieutenant Governor Mark Hutchison (R) Legislature Nevada Legislature Upper house Senate Lower house Assembly U.S. Senators Dean Heller (R) Catherine Cortez Masto (D) U.S. House delegation 1: Dina Titus (D) 2: Mark Amodei (R) 3: Jacky Rosen (D) 4: Ruben Kihuen (D) (list) Time zones state Pacific: UTC − 8 / − 7 West Wendover Mountain: UTC − 7 / − 6 ISO 3166 US - NV Abbreviations NV, Nev. Website www.nv.gov", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 13, "title": "The Godfather (novel)", "paragraph_text": "The Godfather is a crime novel written by Italian American author Mario Puzo. Originally published in 1969 by G.P. Putnam's Sons, the novel details the story of a fictional Mafia family based in New York City (and Long Beach, New York), headed by Vito Corleone. The novel covers the years 1945 to 1955, and also provides the back story of Vito Corleone from early childhood to adulthood.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "The Godfather Part II", "paragraph_text": "The Godfather Part II is a 1974 American crime film produced and directed by Francis Ford Coppola from a screenplay co-written with Mario Puzo, starring Al Pacino and Robert De Niro. Partially based on Puzo's 1969 novel The Godfather, the film is both sequel and prequel to The Godfather, presenting parallel dramas: one picks up the 1958 story of Michael Corleone (Pacino), the new Don of the Corleone crime family, protecting the family business in the aftermath of an attempt on his life; the prequel covers the journey of his father, Vito Corleone (De Niro), from his Sicilian childhood to the founding of his family enterprise in New York City.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Al Neri", "paragraph_text": "Albert ``Al ''Neri is a fictional character appearing in Mario Puzo's novel The Godfather and Francis Ford Coppola's trilogy of films based on it. In all three motion pictures, he is portrayed by actor Richard Bright. He functions as Michael Corleone's personal enforcer and assassin.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Anthony Corleone", "paragraph_text": "Anthony Vito ``Tony ''Corleone is a fictional character in The Godfather trilogy of films directed by Francis Ford Coppola. He is portrayed by Anthony Gounaris in the first film, James Gounaris in the second, and singer Franc D'Ambrosio in the third. (The character was given the name Anthony because it was thought that the 3 - year - old Gounaris of the first film would respond best if his own name was used.) He is the son of Michael (Al Pacino) and Kay Corleone (Diane Keaton), and the older brother of Mary Corleone (Sofia Coppola). While Anthony was never a major character in the first two films, major events in his life were the backdrop of key parts of the second film, and his relationship with his father is a plot point in the third film. He was not mentioned by name in the novel.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Carmela Corleone", "paragraph_text": "Carmela Corleone (1897 -- 1959) a fictional character in Mario Puzo's The Godfather, is the wife of Don Vito Corleone. Carmela is portrayed by Italian - American Morgana King in Francis Ford Coppola's film adaptation of the novel, and in The Godfather Part II.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "The Godfather (film series)", "paragraph_text": "The Godfather is an American film series that consists of three crime drama films directed by Francis Ford Coppola inspired by the novel of the same name by Italian American author Mario Puzo. The series follows the trials of the Corleone family, Italian Americans whose patriarch, Vito Corleone, rises to be a major figure in American organized crime. His youngest son, Michael Corleone, becomes his successor. The films were distributed by Paramount Pictures and released in 1972, 1974 and 1990. The series achieved success at the box office, with the films earning over $550 million worldwide. The Godfather, is seen by many as one of the greatest films of all time. The sequel, The Godfather Part II, is viewed by many as the best sequel in cinematic history. The series is heavily awarded, winning 9 out of 29 total Academy Award nominations.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Anthony Corleone", "paragraph_text": "Anthony Vito ``Tony ''Corleone is a fictional character in The Godfather trilogy of films directed by Francis Ford Coppola. He is portrayed by Anthony Gounaris in the first film, James Gounaris in the second, and singer Franc D'Ambrosio in the third. The character was given the name Anthony because it was thought that the three - year - old Gounaris of the first film would respond best if his own name was used. He is the son of Michael (Al Pacino) and Kay Corleone (Diane Keaton), and the older brother of Mary Corleone (Sofia Coppola). While Anthony was never a major character in the first two films, major events in his life were the backdrop of key parts of the second film, and his relationship with his father is a plot point in the third film. He was not mentioned by name in the novel.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 89464, "question": "where does michael corleone live in godfather 2", "answer": "Nevada", "paragraph_support_idx": 3 }, { "id": 61167, "question": "land contained in the current state of #1 was acquired by the u.s. in", "answer": "October 31, 1864", "paragraph_support_idx": 12 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "North–South railway (Vietnam)", "paragraph_text": "The North–South railway (, ) is the principal railway line serving the country of Vietnam. It is a single-track metre gauge line connecting the capital Hanoi in the north to Ho Chi Minh City in the south, for a total length of . Trains travelling this line are sometimes referred to as the Reunification Express (referring to the Reunification of Vietnam), although no particular train carries this name officially. The line was established during French colonial rule, and was completed over a period of nearly forty years, from 1899 to 1936. As of 2005, there were 278 stations on the Vietnamese railway network, of which 191 were located along the North–South line.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "GBU-10 Paveway II", "paragraph_text": "GBU-10 bombs (along with the balance of the Paveway series) are produced by defense contractors Lockheed Martin and Raytheon. Raytheon began production after purchasing the product line from Texas Instruments. Lockheed Martin was awarded a contract to compete with Raytheon when there was a break in production caused by transferring manufacturing out of Texas.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Antelope Wells, New Mexico", "paragraph_text": "Antelope Wells is a small unincorporated community in Hidalgo County, New Mexico, United States. The community is located along the Mexico – United States border, in the New Mexico Bootheel region, located across the border from the small settlement of El Berrendo, Chihuahua, Mexico. Despite its name, there are neither antelope nor wells in the area. The name comes from an old ranch, located north of the current community. The only inhabitants of the community are United States Customs and Border Protection employees.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Danggogae station", "paragraph_text": "Danggogae Station is a station on Line 4 of the Seoul Metropolitan Subway network. It is the northern terminus of Line 4, and is an elevated station. The name of the subway station comes from its local name. Regional names refer to the pass that travelers carried over because of wild animals. When the Jinjeop Line opens in 2021, Line 4 will be extended to Jinjeop Gwangneung Forest Station.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Immaculate Conception Catholic Church (Fulda, Ohio)", "paragraph_text": "Immaculate Conception Catholic Church is a historic Catholic parish at Fulda in rural Noble County, Ohio, United States. Established in the 1840s among a group of German immigrants, it worships in a landmark building that dominates the surrounding community. The building has been named a historic site.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Arsenal F.C.", "paragraph_text": "Arsenal have often been stereotyped as a defensive and \"boring\" side, especially during the 1970s and 1980s; many comedians, such as Eric Morecambe, made jokes about this at the team's expense. The theme was repeated in the 1997 film The Full Monty, in a scene where the lead actors move in a line and raise their hands, deliberately mimicking the Arsenal defence's offside trap, in an attempt to co-ordinate their striptease routine. Another film reference to the club's defence comes in the film Plunkett & Macleane, in which two characters are named Dixon and Winterburn after Arsenal's long-serving full backs – the right-sided Lee Dixon and the left-sided Nigel Winterburn.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Scud", "paragraph_text": "Scud is the name of a series of tactical ballistic missiles developed by the Soviet Union during the Cold War. It was exported widely to both Second and Third World countries. The term comes from the NATO reporting name attached to the missile by Western intelligence agencies. The Russian names for the missile are the R-11 (the first version), and the R-17 (later R-300) Elbrus (later developments). The name Scud has been widely used to refer to these missiles and the wide variety of derivative variants developed in other countries based on the Soviet design.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Greece", "paragraph_text": "The names for the nation of Greece and the Greek people differ from the names used in other languages, locations and cultures. Although the Greeks call the country Hellas or Ellada (Greek: Ἑλλάς or Ελλάδα) and its official name is the Hellenic Republic, in English it is referred to as Greece, which comes from the Latin term Graecia as used by the Romans, which literally means 'the land of the Greeks', and derives from the Greek name Γραικός. However, the name Hellas is sometimes used in English as well.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Batar railway station", "paragraph_text": "Batar was the name of a railway station on the North Coast railway line on the North Coast of New South Wales, Australia. The station, named for the nearby Batar Creek, existed at the site between 1941 and 1971.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Infiniti LE", "paragraph_text": "The Infiniti LE is a concept car developed by the Infiniti division of Nissan Motors and was revealed to the public at the 2012 New York Auto Show. The LE names comes from Luxury first and Electric second.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Martin Ridge", "paragraph_text": "Martin Ridge () is a broad ice-covered ridge bordering the west side of upper Moody Glacier in the Queen Alexandra Range, Antarctica. It was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for Major Wilbur E. Martin, U.S.Army, who was in charge of trail operations during U.S. Navy Operation Deep Freeze, 1963.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Madikwe Game Reserve", "paragraph_text": "The Madikwe Game Reserve is a protected area in South Africa, part of the latest park developments in the country. Named after the Madikwe or Marico River, on whose basin it is located, it was opened in 1991 and comprises 750 km² of bushland north of the small town Groot-Marico up to the Botswana border.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "England", "paragraph_text": "England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west. The Irish Sea lies northwest of England and the Celtic Sea lies to the southwest. England is separated from continental Europe by the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south. The country covers five - eighths of the island of Great Britain (which lies in the North Atlantic) in its centre and south, and includes over 100 smaller named islands such as the Isles of Scilly and the Isle of Wight.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Switzerland", "paragraph_text": "In about 260 AD, the fall of the Agri Decumates territory north of the Rhine transformed today's Switzerland into a frontier land of the Empire. Repeated raids by the Alamanni tribes provoked the ruin of the Roman towns and economy, forcing the population to find shelter near Roman fortresses, like the Castrum Rauracense near Augusta Raurica. The Empire built another line of defense at the north border (the so-called Donau-Iller-Rhine-Limes), but at the end of the fourth century the increased Germanic pressure forced the Romans to abandon the linear defence concept, and the Swiss plateau was finally open to the settlement of German tribes.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Graham Land", "paragraph_text": "Graham Land is the portion of the Antarctic Peninsula that lies north of a line joining Cape Jeremy and Cape Agassiz. This description of Graham Land is consistent with the 1964 agreement between the British Antarctic Place-names Committee and the US Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names, in which the name \"Antarctic Peninsula\" was approved for the major peninsula of Antarctica, and the names Graham Land and Palmer Land for the northern and southern portions, respectively. The line dividing them is roughly 69 degrees south.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Self-defense (United States)", "paragraph_text": "In the United States, self-defense is an affirmative defense that is used to justify the use of force by one person against another person under specific circumstances.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Laubeuf Fjord", "paragraph_text": "Laubeuf Fjord is a sound in Antarctica, long in a north-south direction and averaging wide, lying between the east-central portion of Adelaide Island and the southern part of Arrowsmith Peninsula, Graham Land. It connects Hanusse Bay to the north with Marguerite Bay to the south. The southern 'border' between Laubeuf Fjord and Marguerite Bay is formed by the line between Rothera Point, Adelaide Island, and Cape Sáenz, which is the southernmost point of the Arrowsmith Peninsula. The fjord was discovered by the French Antarctic Expedition, 1908–10, under Jean-Baptiste Charcot, and named by him for Maxime Laubeuf, a French marine engineer who supervised building the engine for the ship \"Pourquoi-Pas\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Transocean Air Lines", "paragraph_text": "Transocean Air Lines was an Oakland, California-based airline that operated from 1946 until 1960. The Transocean name was also used in 1989 by another US-based air carrier, TransOcean Airways, which previously operated as Gulf Air Transport.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Martin (name)", "paragraph_text": "Martin Statue of Marte (Mars) Pronunciation English: / ˈmɑːrtɪn, - tən / Czech: (ˈmarcɪn) Finnish: (ˈmɑrtin) French: (maʁtɛ̃) German: (ˈmaɐ̯tiːn) Norwegian: (ˈmɑʈːɪn) Serbo - Croatian: (mǎrtin) Spanish: (maɾˈtin) Swedish: (ˈmaʈːɪn) Gender Male Origin Word / name Latin Meaning ``Of Mars, warlike, warrior ''Region of origin Roman Empire Other names Related names Martyn, Martti, Morten, Marten, Maarten, Marta, Mark (can also be used as a nickname), Martino, Martina", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Another Suitcase in Another Hall", "paragraph_text": "``Another Suitcase in Another Hall ''is a song recorded by Scottish singer Barbara Dickson, for the 1976 concept album, Evita, the basis of the musical of the same name. The musical was based on the life of Argentinian leader Eva Perón. Written by Tim Rice and Andrew Lloyd Webber, the song is presented during a sequence where Eva throws out her husband's mistress on the streets. The latter sings the track, wondering about her future and coming to the conclusion that she would be fine. Dickson was enlisted by the songwriters to record the track after hearing her previous work.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 48966, "question": "what country does the name martin come from", "answer": "Roman Empire", "paragraph_support_idx": 18 }, { "id": 22303, "question": "What was the name of the concept used by #1 when building another line of defense at the north border?", "answer": "the linear defence concept", "paragraph_support_idx": 13 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Book of Enoch", "paragraph_text": "By the 4th century, the Book of Enoch was mostly excluded from Christian canons, and it is now regarded as scripture by only the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church and the Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Dissolution of the Soviet Union", "paragraph_text": "On April 6, 1990, the Lviv City Council voted to return St. George Cathedral to the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church. The Russian Orthodox Church refused to yield. On April 29–30, 1990, the Ukrainian Helsinki Union disbanded to form the Ukrainian Republican Party. On May 15 the new parliament convened. The bloc of conservative communists held 239 seats; the Democratic Bloc, which had evolved into the National Council, had 125 deputies. On June 4, 1990, two candidates remained in the protracted race for parliament chair. The leader of the Communist Party of Ukraine (CPU), Volodymyr Ivashko, was elected with 60 percent of the vote as more than 100 opposition deputies boycotted the election. On June 5–6, 1990, Metropolitan Mstyslav of the U.S.-based Ukrainian Orthodox Church was elected patriarch of the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church (UAOC) during that Church's first synod. The UAOC declared its full independence from the Moscow Patriarchate of the Russian Orthodox Church, which in March had granted autonomy to the Ukrainian Orthodox church headed by Metropolitan Filaret.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Saint Joseph", "paragraph_text": "Joseph (Hebrew: יוֹסֵף ‎, translit. Yosef; Greek: Ἰωσήφ, translit. Ioséph) is a figure in the Gospels who was married to Mary, Jesus' mother, and, in the Christian tradition, was Jesus's legal father. Joseph is venerated as Saint Joseph in the Catholic Church, Orthodox Church, Oriental Orthodox Church, Anglican Communion, Lutheranism, and Methodism. Some differing views are due to theological interpretations versus historical views.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Annunciation Greek Orthodox Church", "paragraph_text": "Annunciation Greek Orthodox Church in Wauwatosa, Wisconsin, United States, was designed by architect Frank Lloyd Wright in 1956, and completed in 1961. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The church is one of Wright's last works; construction was completed after his death. The design is informed by traditional Byzantine architectural forms, reinterpreted by Wright to suit the modern context. The church's shallow scalloped dome echoes his Marin County Civic Center.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Mosaic", "paragraph_text": "In Rome, Nero and his architects used mosaics to cover some surfaces of walls and ceilings in the Domus Aurea, built 64 AD, and wall mosaics are also found at Pompeii and neighbouring sites. However it seems that it was not until the Christian era that figural wall mosaics became a major form of artistic expression. The Roman church of Santa Costanza, which served as a mausoleum for one or more of the Imperial family, has both religious mosaic and decorative secular ceiling mosaics on a round vault, which probably represent the style of contemporary palace decoration.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Mitre", "paragraph_text": "The mitre (British English) (/ ˈmaɪtər /; Greek: μίτρα, ``headband ''or`` turban'') or miter (American English; see spelling differences), is a type of headgear now known as the traditional, ceremonial head - dress of bishops and certain abbots in traditional Christianity. Mitres are worn in the Orthodox Church, Roman Catholic Church, as well as in the Anglican Communion, some Lutheran churches, and also bishops and certain other clergy in the Eastern Catholic Churches and the Oriental Orthodox Churches. The Metropolitan of the Malankara Mar Thoma Syrian Church also wears a mitre during important ceremonies such as the Episcopal Consecration.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Dissolution of the Soviet Union", "paragraph_text": "On October 25–28, 1990, Rukh held its second congress and declared that its principal goal was the \"renewal of independent statehood for Ukraine\". On October 28 UAOC faithful, supported by Ukrainian Catholics, demonstrated near St. Sophia’s Cathedral as newly elected Russian Orthodox Church Patriarch Aleksei and Metropolitan Filaret celebrated liturgy at the shrine. On November 1, the leaders of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church and of the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church, respectively, Metropolitan Volodymyr Sterniuk and Patriarch Mstyslav, met in Lviv during anniversary commemorations of the 1918 proclamation of the Western Ukrainian National Republic.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Athanasius of Alexandria", "paragraph_text": "Nonetheless, within a few years of his death, Gregory of Nazianzus called him the \"Pillar of the Church\". His writings were well regarded by all Church fathers who followed, in both the West and the East, who noted their rich devotion to the Word-become-man, great pastoral concern, and profound interest in monasticism. Athanasius is counted as one of the four great Eastern Doctors of the Church in the Roman Catholic Church. In the Eastern Orthodox Church, he is labeled the \"Father of Orthodoxy\". Some Protestants label him \"Father of the Canon\". Athanasius is venerated as a Christian saint, whose feast day is 2 May in Western Christianity, 15 May in the Coptic Orthodox Church, and 18 January in the other Eastern Orthodox Churches. He is venerated by the Oriental and Eastern Orthodox Churches, the Roman Catholic Church, the Lutherans, and the Anglican Communion.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Holy Transfiguration Church, Gjirokastër", "paragraph_text": "Holy Transfiguration Church () is an orthodox church in Gjirokastër, Albania. The church was built in 1784. It is a Cultural Monument of Albania since 1963.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Daniel (Nushiro)", "paragraph_text": "Metropolitan is a Japanese clergyman and monk of the Japanese Orthodox Church. He has been the primate of the Japanese Orthodox Church since 2000, by virtue of the office of the Archbishop of Tokyo. He is thus the spiritual leader of almost 30,000 Japanese Orthodox Christians.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "St. Nicholas Orthodox Church and Rectory", "paragraph_text": "St. Nicholas Orthodox Church and Rectory is a historic church at 64-66 Forrester Street in Salem, Massachusetts. Parish now is under Diocese of New England of the Orthodox Church in America.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Greeks", "paragraph_text": "During and after the Greek War of Independence, Greeks of the diaspora were important in establishing the fledgling state, raising funds and awareness abroad. Greek merchant families already had contacts in other countries and during the disturbances many set up home around the Mediterranean (notably Marseilles in France, Livorno in Italy, Alexandria in Egypt), Russia (Odessa and Saint Petersburg), and Britain (London and Liverpool) from where they traded, typically in textiles and grain. Businesses frequently comprised the extended family, and with them they brought schools teaching Greek and the Greek Orthodox Church.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Christianity in the United States", "paragraph_text": "All Protestant denominations accounted for 51.3%, while the Catholic Church by itself, at 23.9%, was the largest individual denomination. A 2008 Pew study categorizes white evangelical Protestants, 26.3% of the population, as the country's largest religious cohort; another study in 2004 estimates evangelical Protestants of all races at 30 -- 35%. The nation's second - largest church and the single largest Protestant denomination is the Southern Baptist Convention. The United Methodist Church is the third largest church and the largest mainline Protestant denomination in the United States. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter - day Saints (Mormons) is the fourth - largest church in the United States and the largest church originating in the U.S. The Church of God in Christ is the fifth - largest denomination, the largest Pentecostal church, and the largest traditionally African - American denomination in the nation. Among Eastern Christian denominations, there are several Eastern Orthodox and Oriental Orthodox churches, with just below 1 million adherents in the US, or 0.4% of the total population.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Egypt", "paragraph_text": "Of the Christian minority in Egypt over 90% belong to the native Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria, an Oriental Orthodox Christian Church. Other native Egyptian Christians are adherents of the Coptic Catholic Church, the Evangelical Church of Egypt and various other Protestant denominations. Non-native Christian communities are largely found in the urban regions of Cairo and Alexandria, such as the Syro-Lebanese, who belong to Greek Catholic, Greek Orthodox, and Maronite Catholic denominations.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Western Schism", "paragraph_text": "The Western Schism or Papal Schism was a split within the Catholic Church which lasted from 1378 to 1417. Three men simultaneously claimed to be the true pope. Driven by politics rather than any theological disagreement, the schism was ended by the Council of Constance (1414 -- 1418). For a time these rival claims to the papal throne damaged the reputation of the office. The affair is sometimes referred to as the Great Schism, although this term is typically reserved for the East -- West Schism (1054) between the Western Churches answering to the See of Rome and the Orthodox Churches of the East.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Estonia", "paragraph_text": "Another major group, inhabitants who follow Eastern Orthodox Christianity, practised chiefly by the Russian minority, and the Russian Orthodox Church is the second largest denomination with 150,000 members. The Estonian Apostolic Orthodox Church, under the Greek-Orthodox Ecumenical Patriarchate, claims another 20,000 members. Thus, the number of adherents of Lutheranism and Orthodoxy, without regard to citizenship or ethnicity, is roughly equal. Refer to the Table below. The Catholics have their Latin Apostolic Administration of Estonia.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Orthodox Church of the Holy Spirit, Vilnius", "paragraph_text": "The Orthodox Church of the Holy Spirit is a Russian Orthodox church in Vilnius, capital of Lithuania, rebuilt 1749–1753 in the Vilnian Baroque style. It should not be confused with the Roman Catholic Church of the Holy Spirit in Vilnius.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "East–West Schism", "paragraph_text": "In 476, when the last emperor of the western part of the Roman Empire was deposed and the western imperial insignia were sent to Constantinople, there was once again a single Roman Emperor. However, he had little power in the West, which was ruled almost entirely by various Germanic tribes. In the opinion of Randall R. Cloud, the permanent separation of the Greek East from the Latin West was ``the fundamental reason for the estrangement that soon followed between the Greek and the Latin Christians ''.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 18, "title": "World Council of Churches", "paragraph_text": "The World Council of Churches (WCC) is a worldwide inter-church organization founded in 1948. Its members today include the Assyrian Church of the East, the Oriental Orthodox Churches, most jurisdictions of the Eastern Orthodox Church, the Old Catholic Church, Anglican Communion, most mainline Protestant churches (such as the Lutheran, Mennonite, Methodist, Moravian and Reformed) and some evangelical Protestant churches (such as the Baptist and Pentecostal). Notably, the Roman Catholic Church is not a member, although it sends accredited observers to meetings. The WCC arose out of the ecumenical movement and has as its basis the following statement:", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Church of Greece", "paragraph_text": "The Church of Greece (, \"Ekklisía tis Elládos\" ), part of the wider Greek Orthodox Church, is one of the autocephalous churches which make up the communion of Orthodox Christianity. Its canonical territory is confined to the borders of Greece prior to the Balkan Wars of 1912–1913 (\"Old Greece\"), with the rest of Greece (the \"New Lands\", Crete, and the Dodecanese) being subject to the jurisdiction of the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople. However, most of the dioceses of the Metropolises of the New Lands are \"de facto\" administered as part of the Church of Greece for practical reasons, under an agreement between the churches of Athens and Constantinople. The primate of the Church of Greece is the Archbishop of Athens and All Greece.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 37232, "question": "The church of Santa Costanza is in what country?", "answer": "Rome", "paragraph_support_idx": 4 }, { "id": 67134, "question": "when did the greek orthodox church split from #1", "answer": "476", "paragraph_support_idx": 17 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Evolutionary history of plants", "paragraph_text": "Evidence for the appearance of the first land plants occurs in the Ordovician, around 450 million years ago, in the form of fossil spores. Land plants began to diversify in the Late Silurian, from around 430 million years ago, and the results of their diversification are displayed in remarkable detail in an early Devonian fossil assemblage from the Rhynie chert. This chert, formed in volcanic hot springs, preserved several species of early plants in cellular detail by petrification.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "List of heaviest bells", "paragraph_text": "The 216 - ton Russian Tsar Bell (also known as the Tsar Kolokol III) on display on the grounds of the Moscow Kremlin is the heaviest bell known to exist in the world today. However, a very large piece broke off from the Tsar Bell during a fire which engulfed the tower the bell was intended to be hung in, so this irreparably damaged bell has never been suspended or rung. The Tsar Bell can not be considered as the heaviest functioning bell in the world due to its inability to serve as a percussion instrument. Rather, it may be considered to be the largest bell, or at least the largest bell - shaped sculpture in the world.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Acacia cowleana", "paragraph_text": "Acacia cowleana, Halls Creek wattle, is a northern Australian native shrub. It is a flowering plant with yellow flowers that only open in winter. Its origin is the Northern Australia's dry tropics. It belongs to the genus of \"Acacia\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Saint Barthélemy", "paragraph_text": "Other trees of note include the royal palm, sea grape trees in the form of shrubs on the beaches and as 5 to 7 m trees in the interior areas of the island, aloe or aloe vera (brought from the Mediterranean), the night blooming cereus, mamillaria nivosa, yellow prickly pear or barbary fig which was planted as barbed wire defences against invading British army in 1773, Mexican cactus, stapelia gigantea, golden trumpet or yellow bell which was originally from South America, bougainvillea and others.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Flowering plant", "paragraph_text": "Island genetics provides one proposed explanation for the sudden, fully developed appearance of flowering plants. Island genetics is believed to be a common source of speciation in general, especially when it comes to radical adaptations that seem to have required inferior transitional forms. Flowering plants may have evolved in an isolated setting like an island or island chain, where the plants bearing them were able to develop a highly specialized relationship with some specific animal (a wasp, for example). Such a relationship, with a hypothetical wasp carrying pollen from one plant to another much the way fig wasps do today, could result in the development of a high degree of specialization in both the plant(s) and their partners. Note that the wasp example is not incidental; bees, which, it is postulated, evolved specifically due to mutualistic plant relationships, are descended from wasps.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)", "paragraph_text": "Years later, in the village of Villeneuve, Belle dreams of adventure and brushes off advances from Gaston, an arrogant former soldier. Lost in the forest, Belle's father Maurice seeks refuge in the Beast's castle, but the Beast imprisons him for stealing a rose. Belle ventures out in search for him and finds him locked in the castle dungeon. The Beast agrees to let her take Maurice's place.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Yellow", "paragraph_text": "Yellow is the color between orange and green on the spectrum of visible light. It is evoked by light with a dominant wavelength of roughly 570–590 nm. It is a primary color in subtractive color systems, used in painting or color printing. In the RGB color model, used to create colors on television and computer screens, yellow is a secondary color made by combining red and green at equal intensity. Carotenoids give the characteristic yellow color to autumn leaves, corn, canaries, daffodils, and lemons, as well as egg yolks, buttercups, and bananas. They absorb light energy and protect plants from photodamage. Sunlight has a slight yellowish hue when sun is near a horizon, due to atmosphere scattering shorter wavelengths (green, blue, and violet).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Green", "paragraph_text": "Unfortunately for those who wanted or were required to wear green, there were no good vegetal green dyes which resisted washing and sunlight. Green dyes were made out of the fern, plantain, buckthorn berries, the juice of nettles and of leeks, the digitalis plant, the broom plant, the leaves of the fraxinus, or ash tree, and the bark of the alder tree, but they rapidly faded or changed color. Only in the 16th century was a good green dye produced, by first dyeing the cloth blue with woad, and then yellow with reseda luteola, also known as yellow-weed.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Mathias Spieler", "paragraph_text": "In the latter half of the 17th century, Marshal of the Realm of Sweden Johan Gabriel Stenbock (1640-1705) brought the Sjööe state in the parish of Holm in Enköping. Together with Mathias Spieler and architect Nicodemus Tessin the Elder (1615-1681), Stenbock built Sjöö Castle on his estate. The construction work lasted from 1669 until 1679 resulting in the shape and form in which it is today. Sjöö Castle Palace with its park is considered one of the most beautiful in Sweden, with its perfect and harmonious proportions.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Pinochle", "paragraph_text": "Pinochle (English: / ˈpiːnʌkəl /) or binocle (sometimes pinocle, or penuchle) is a trick - taking card game typically for two to four players and played with a 48 - card deck. It is derived from the card game bezique; players score points by trick - taking and also by forming combinations of cards into melds. It is thus considered part of a ``trick - and - meld ''category which also includes the game belote. Each hand is played in three phases: bidding, melds, and tricks. The standard game today is called`` partnership auction pinochle.''", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Euphorbia palustris", "paragraph_text": "Euphorbia palustris, the marsh spurge or marsh euphorbia, is a species of flowering plant in the family Euphorbiaceae, native to marshland throughout much of mainland Europe and western Asia. It is an herbaceous perennial growing to tall and wide, with narrow leaves turning red and yellow in autumn, and persistent, bright acid yellow flower-heads (cyathia), across, in spring.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Solar energy", "paragraph_text": "Greenhouses convert solar light to heat, enabling year-round production and the growth (in enclosed environments) of specialty crops and other plants not naturally suited to the local climate. Primitive greenhouses were first used during Roman times to produce cucumbers year-round for the Roman emperor Tiberius. The first modern greenhouses were built in Europe in the 16th century to keep exotic plants brought back from explorations abroad. Greenhouses remain an important part of horticulture today, and plastic transparent materials have also been used to similar effect in polytunnels and row covers.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Vicia lutea", "paragraph_text": "Vicia lutea (yellow vetch, smooth yellow vetch) is a plant species of the genus \"Vicia\". It is native to Europe, western Asia, and North Africa, and it is known on other continents as an introduced species. It is an annual herb. It has leaves made up of several pairs of oblong or linear leaflets each 1 to 2 centimeters long. It produces solitary flowers or clusters of up to 3 flowers with yellow or purple-tinged corollas up to 3 centimeters in length.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Association football", "paragraph_text": "The referee may punish a player's or substitute's misconduct by a caution (yellow card) or dismissal (red card). A second yellow card at the same game leads to a red card, and therefore to a dismissal. A player given a yellow card is said to have been \"booked\", the referee writing the player's name in his official notebook. If a player has been dismissed, no substitute can be brought on in their place. Misconduct may occur at any time, and while the offences that constitute misconduct are listed, the definitions are broad. In particular, the offence of \"unsporting behaviour\" may be used to deal with most events that violate the spirit of the game, even if they are not listed as specific offences. A referee can show a yellow or red card to a player, substitute or substituted player. Non-players such as managers and support staff cannot be shown the yellow or red card, but may be expelled from the technical area if they fail to conduct themselves in a responsible manner.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "History of South America", "paragraph_text": "In the last million years since the Late Miocene, South America became connected with the continent of North America via the Panama Block that closed the marine Bolivar Trough, leading to the Great American Interchange, the interchange of biota from both continents. The first species discovered to have made the northward migration was Pliometanastes, a fossil ground sloth species, roughly the size of a modern black bear. Several migrations to the Southern Hemisphere were undertaken by tougher, North American mammal carnivores; fewer species migrated in the opposite direction from south to north. The result of the intrusion of North American fauna was that hundreds of South American species became extinct in a relatively short time and that about 60% of present - day South American mammals have evolved from North American species. However, some species were able to adapt and spread into North America. Apart from Pliometanastes, during the Irvingtonian stage of the mammal land stages, around 1.9 Ma, species as Pampatherium, a giant armadillo, ground sloth Megatherium, giant anteater Myrmecophaga, a Neogene capybara (Hydrochoerus), Meizonyx, opossum Didelphis, and Mixotoxodon followed the route north. The terror bird Titanis was the only discovered South American carnivore species who made the journey into North America.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Philadelphia Eagles", "paragraph_text": "The franchise was established in 1933 as a replacement for the bankrupt Frankford Yellow Jackets, when a group led by Bert Bell secured the rights to an NFL franchise in Philadelphia. Bell, Chuck Bednarik, Bob Brown, Brian Dawkins, Reggie White, Steve Van Buren, Tommy McDonald, Greasy Neale, Pete Pihos, Sonny Jurgensen, and Norm Van Brocklin have been inducted to the Pro Football Hall of Fame.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "The Yellow Christ", "paragraph_text": "\"The Yellow Christ\" is a symbolic piece that shows the crucifixion of Christ taking place in nineteenth-century northern France as Breton women are gathered in prayer. Gauguin relies heavily on bold lines to define his figures and reserves shading only for the women. The autumn palette of yellow, red and green in the landscape echoes the dominant yellow in the figure of Christ. The bold outlines and flatness of the forms in this painting are typical of the cloisonnist style.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Cigar", "paragraph_text": "In Seven Years' War it is believed Israel Putnam brought back a cache of Havana cigars, making cigar smoking popular in the US after the American Revolution. He also brought Cuban tobacco seeds which he planted in the Hartford area of New England. This reportedly resulted in the development of the renowned Connecticut Wrapper.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Evolutionary history of plants", "paragraph_text": "By the middle of the Devonian, many of the features recognised in plants today were present, including roots and leaves. Late Devonian free - sporing plants such as Archaeopteris had secondary vascular tissue that produced wood and had formed forests of tall trees. Also by late Devonian, Elkinsia, an early seed fern, had evolved seeds. Evolutionary innovation continued into the Carboniferous and is still ongoing today. Most plant groups were relatively unscathed by the Permo - Triassic extinction event, although the structures of communities changed. This may have set the scene for the appearance of the flowering plants in the Triassic (~ 200 million years ago), and their later diversification in the Cretaceous and Paleogene. The latest major group of plants to evolve were the grasses, which became important in the mid-Paleogene, from around 40 million years ago. The grasses, as well as many other groups, evolved new mechanisms of metabolism to survive the low CO and warm, dry conditions of the tropics over the last 10 million years.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Pseudomonas jinjuensis", "paragraph_text": "Pseudomonas jinjuensis is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, motile, single polar flagellated, yellow-white, rod bacterium isolated from soil in the Jinju Region of Korea. The type strain is LMG 21317.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 39198, "question": "Where was the plant yellow bell brought from?", "answer": "South America", "paragraph_support_idx": 3 }, { "id": 93843, "question": "when did #1 take form that it has today", "answer": "In the last million years since the Late Miocene", "paragraph_support_idx": 14 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Politics of Germany", "paragraph_text": "Germany is a democratic, federal parliamentary republic, and federal legislative power is vested in the Bundestag (the parliament of Germany) and the Bundesrat (the representative body of the Länder, Germany's regional states).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Karnataka Legislative Council", "paragraph_text": "The Karnataka Legislative Council is the upper house of the bicameral legislature of Karnataka state in south western India. Karnataka is one of the seven states in India, where the state legislature is bicameral, comprising two houses: the Vidhan Sabha (Legislative Assembly), and the Vidhan Parishad (Legislative Council). The Karnataka Legislative Council is a permanent body comprising 75 members.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Government of North Korea", "paragraph_text": "In the socialist government of North Korea, the cabinet is the administrative and executive body. The North Korean government consists of three branches: administrative, legislative, and judicial. However, they are not independent of each other.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Tuvalu", "paragraph_text": "From 1974 (the creation of the British colony of Tuvalu) until independence, the legislative body of Tuvalu was called the House of the Assembly or Fale I Fono. Following independence in October 1978 the House of the Assembly was renamed the Parliament of Tuvalu or Palamene o Tuvalu. The unicameral Parliament has 15 members with elections held every four years. The members of parliament select the Prime Minister (who is the head of government) and the Speaker of Parliament. The ministers that form the Cabinet are appointed by the Governor General on the advice of the Prime Minister.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "House music", "paragraph_text": "Club play from pioneering Chicago DJs such as Hardy and Lil Louis, local dance music record shops such as Importes, State Street Records, Loop Records, Gramaphone Records and the popular Hot Mix 5 shows on radio station WBMX-FM helped popularize house music in Chicago. Later, visiting DJs & producers from Detroit fell into the genre. Trax Records and DJ International Records, Chicago labels with wider distribution, helped popularize house music inside and outside of Chicago. One 1986 house tune called \"Move Your Body\" by Marshall Jefferson, taken from the appropriately titled \"The House Music Anthem\" EP, became a big hit in Chicago and eventually worldwide. By 1986, UK labels were releasing house music by Chicago acts, and by 1987 house tracks by Chicago DJs and producers were appearing on and topping the UK music chart. By this time, house music released by Chicago-based labels was considered a must-play in clubs.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Missouri", "paragraph_text": "The current Constitution of Missouri, the fourth constitution for the state, was adopted in 1945. It provides for three branches of government: the legislative, judicial, and executive branches. The legislative branch consists of two bodies: the House of Representatives and the Senate. These bodies comprise the Missouri General Assembly.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Illinois House of Representatives", "paragraph_text": "The Illinois House of Representatives is the lower house of the Illinois General Assembly, the bicameral legislature of the U.S. state of Illinois. The body was created by the first Illinois Constitution adopted in 1818. The House consists of 118 representatives elected from individual legislative districts for two - year terms with no limits; redistricted every 10 years, based on the 2010 U.S. census each representative represents approximately 108,734 people.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Federalist Party", "paragraph_text": "Federalist policies called for a national bank, tariffs and good relations with Great Britain as expressed in the Jay Treaty negotiated in 1794. Hamilton developed the concept of implied powers and successfully argued the adoption of that interpretation of the United States Constitution. Their political opponents, the Democratic - Republicans led by Thomas Jefferson, denounced most of the Federalist policies, especially the bank and implied powers; and vehemently attacked the Jay Treaty as a sell - out of republican values to the British monarchy. The Jay Treaty passed and the Federalists won most of the major legislative battles in the 1790s. They held a strong base in the nation's cities and in New England. After the Democratic - Republicans, whose base was in the rural South, won the hard - fought presidential election of 1800, the Federalists never returned to power. They recovered some strength by their intense opposition to the War of 1812, but they practically vanished during the Era of Good Feelings that followed the end of the war in 1815.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Legislative Council of Prince Edward Island", "paragraph_text": "The Legislative Council of Prince Edward Island was the upper house of the Legislature of the Canadian province of Prince Edward Island. It existed from 1773 to 1893. Members were appointed by the Lieutenant Governor of Prince Edward Island on the advice of the Premier until 1862 when it became an elected body. In 1893, the Legislative Council and House of Assembly were amalgamated into the Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island, a unicameral body with an assemblyman and councillor elected from each electoral district.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Separation of church and state in the United States", "paragraph_text": "Jefferson's letter entered American jurisprudence in the 1878 Mormon polygamy case Reynolds v. U.S., in which the court cited Jefferson and Madison, seeking a legal definition for the word religion. Writing for the majority, Justice Stephen Johnson Field cited Jefferson's Letter to the Danbury Baptists to state that \"Congress was deprived of all legislative power over mere opinion, but was left free to reach actions which were in violation of social duties or subversive of good order.\" Considering this, the court ruled that outlawing polygamy was constitutional.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Marshall Islands", "paragraph_text": "Legislative power lies with the Nitijela. The upper house of Parliament, called the Council of Iroij, is an advisory body comprising twelve tribal chiefs. The executive branch consists of the President and the Presidential Cabinet, which consists of ten ministers appointed by the President with the approval of the Nitijela. The twenty-four electoral districts into which the country is divided correspond to the inhabited islands and atolls. There are currently four political parties in the Marshall Islands: Aelon̄ Kein Ad (AKA), United People's Party (UPP), Kien Eo Am (KEA) and United Democratic Party (UDP). Rule is shared by the AKA and the UDP. The following senators are in the legislative body:", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Mose Jefferson", "paragraph_text": "Mose Jefferson left his native Lake Providence, Louisiana, to join his older sister Betty Jefferson in Chicago, Illinois, where he attended Marshall High School but dropped out to join the U.S. Air Force in 1959. After being honorably discharged and returning to civilian life, he was convicted of a $450 robbery and served 9 months in Stateville Correctional Center, being released in 1967. He then became a Democratic Party field lieutenant with the political organization of Bob Shaw and his brother Bill Shaw, the latter of whom served in the Illinois Senate from 1982 to 2002.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Government of Florida", "paragraph_text": "The Governor of Florida is the chief executive of the government of Florida and the chief administrative officer of the state responsible for the planning and budgeting for the state, and serves as chair when the Governor and the Florida Cabinet sit as a decision - making body in various constitutional roles. The Governor has the power to execute Florida's laws and to call out the state militia to preserve the public peace, being Commander - in - Chief of the state's military forces that are not in active service of the United States. At least once every legislative session, the Governor is required to deliver the ``State of the State Address ''to the Florida Legislature regarding the condition and operation of the state government and to suggest new legislation.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Treaty", "paragraph_text": "In India, the legislation subjects are divided into 3 lists -Union List, State List and Concurrent List . In the normal legislation process, the subjects in Union list can only be legislated upon by central legislative body called Parliament of India, for subjects in state list only respective state legislature can legislate. While for Concurrent subjects, both center and state can make laws. But to implement international treaties, Parliament can legislate on any subject overriding the general division of subject lists.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "A Man Called Peter", "paragraph_text": "A Man Called Peter is a 1955 American drama film directed by Henry Koster, and starring Richard Todd. The film is based on the life of preacher Peter Marshall, who served as Chaplain of the United States Senate and pastor of the New York Avenue Presbyterian Church in Washington, D. C., before his early death. It is adapted from the 1951 biography of the same name, written by his widow Catherine Marshall.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "The Howards of Virginia", "paragraph_text": "The Howards of Virginia is a 1940 American film directed by Frank Lloyd, released by Columbia Pictures, and based on the book \"The Tree of Liberty\" written by Elizabeth Page. The Howards of Virginia live through the American Revolutionary War, with Cary Grant starring as Matt Howard, Martha Scott starring as his wife Jane Peyton Howard, and Alan Marshal and Sir Cedric Hardwicke starring as Jane's brothers Roger and Fleetwood Peyton. Fleetwood Peyton is Jane's elder brother, the patriarch of his family, and a member of the Tidewater aristocracy. The film includes a look at the young Matt Howard, Thomas Jefferson, and Jane Peyton.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "National Assembly (Democratic Republic of the Congo)", "paragraph_text": "The National Assembly is the lower house and main legislative political body of the Parliament of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. It was established by the 2006 constitution.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "House music", "paragraph_text": "In the U.S., the music was being developed to create a more sophisticated sound,[citation needed] moving beyond just drum loops and short samples. In Chicago, Marshall Jefferson had formed the house group Ten City Byron Burke, Byron Stingily & Herb Lawson(from \"intensity\"). New York–based performers such as Mateo & Matos and Blaze had slickly produced disco house tracks. In Detroit a proto-techno music sound began to emerge with the recordings of Juan Atkins, Derrick May and Kevin Saunderson.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Powers of the United States Congress", "paragraph_text": "Powers of the United States Congress are implemented by the United States Constitution, defined by rulings of the Supreme Court, and by its own efforts and by other factors such as history and custom. It is the chief legislative body of the United States. Some powers are explicitly defined by the Constitution and are called enumerated powers; others have been assumed to exist and are called implied powers.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Government of Chicago", "paragraph_text": "The City Council is the legislative branch and is made up of 50 aldermen, one elected from each ward in the city. The council takes official action through the passage of ordinances and resolutions and approves the city budget. Government priorities and activities are established in a budget ordinance usually adopted each November.", "is_supporting": true } ]

[ { "id": 11680, "question": "where was marshall jefferson based?", "answer": "Chicago", "paragraph_support_idx": 17 }, { "id": 66869, "question": "what is the legislative body of #1 called", "answer": "City Council", "paragraph_support_idx": 19 } ]

[ "city council", "City council" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "List of airports in Nigeria", "paragraph_text": "Nigeria has 30 airports and 26 of the airports are operated by the Federal Airports Authority of Nigeria (FAAN), five of which are functional international airports. It also has a state owned airport located in Akwa Ibom State. In addition, there are airstrips or airfields scattered around the country, built mainly by the Nigerian Air Force and multinational oil companies.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Nathan Road", "paragraph_text": "The first section of the road was completed in 1861. It was the very first road built in Kowloon, after the land was ceded by the Qing dynasty government to the United Kingdom and made part of the crown colony in 1860. The road was originally named Robinson Road, after Sir Hercules Robinson, the 5th Governor of Hong Kong. To avoid confusion with the Robinson Road on Hong Kong Island, the name was changed to Nathan Road in 1909, after Sir Matthew Nathan, the 13th Governor who served between 1904 and 1907.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "University of Kansas", "paragraph_text": "The site selected for the university was a hill known as Mount Oread, which was owned by former Kansas Governor Charles L. Robinson. Robinson and his wife Sara bestowed the 40-acre (16 ha) site to the State of Kansas in exchange for land elsewhere. The philanthropist Amos Adams Lawrence donated $10,000 of the necessary endowment fund, and the citizens of Lawrence raised the remaining cash by issuing notes backed by Governor Carney. On November 2, 1863, Governor Carney announced that Lawrence had met the conditions to get the state university, and the following year the university was officially organized. The school's Board of Regents held its first meeting in March 1865, which is the event that KU dates its founding from. Work on the first college building began later that year. The university opened for classes on September 12, 1866, and the first class graduated in 1873.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "List of governors of Missouri", "paragraph_text": "Governor of Missouri Seal of Missouri Incumbent Mike Parson since June 1, 2018 Style The Honorable Residence Missouri Governor's Mansion Term length Four years, renewable once (maximumly lifetime) Inaugural holder Alexander McNair Formation Constitution of Missouri Salary $133,821 (2013) Website governor.mo.gov", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Orlando International Airport", "paragraph_text": "Orlando International Airport (IATA: MCO, ICAO: KMCO, FAA LID: MCO) is a major public airport located six miles (10 km) southeast of Downtown Orlando, Florida, United States. In 2017, MCO handled 44,611,265 passengers, making it the busiest airport in the state of Florida and the eleventh - busiest airport in the United States.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Neosho Hugh Robinson Airport", "paragraph_text": "Neosho Hugh Robinson Airport is a city-owned public-use airport located three nautical miles (6 km) south of the central business district of Neosho, a city in Newton County, Missouri, United States.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Lake Billy Chinook Airport", "paragraph_text": "Lake Billy Chinook Airport, also known as Lake Billy Chinook State Airport, is a public use airport located six nautical miles (7 mi, 11 km) west of the central business district of Culver, a city in Jefferson County, Oregon, United States. The airport is privately owned, despite the name which might give the impression that it was owned by the state.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "David J. Robinson", "paragraph_text": "David J. Robinson is a former member of the Ohio House of Representatives. He was appointed to his position when the previous representative, E.J. Thomas, resigned; in turn, when Robinson lost the Republican primary election to Jim Hughes, he resigned so that Hughes could be appointed to his seat and run as an incumbent.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Elk River (Oklahoma)", "paragraph_text": "The Elk River is a tributary of the Neosho River in southwestern Missouri and northeastern Oklahoma in the United States. Its tributaries also drain a small portion of northwestern Arkansas. Via the Neosho and Arkansas rivers, the Elk is part of the Mississippi River watershed.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Monark Springs, Missouri", "paragraph_text": "Monark Springs is a ghost town in Newton County, Missouri, United States. It is located approximately five miles east of Neosho.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Bahías de Huatulco International Airport", "paragraph_text": "Bahías de Huatulco International Airport () is an international airport located at Huatulco, in the state of Oaxaca on Mexico. The airport handles national and international air traffic for the southern and southeastern Pacific coast of Oaxaca state.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Lida Junction Airport", "paragraph_text": "Lida Junction Airport is a public use airport located 14 nautical miles (16 mi, 26 km) south of the central business district of Goldfield, in Esmeralda County, Nevada, United States. The airport is owned by the United States Bureau of Land Management.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Earlton, Kansas", "paragraph_text": "Earlton is a city in Neosho County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 55.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Eduardo Bours", "paragraph_text": "José Eduardo Robinson Bours Castelo (born December 17, 1956) is a Mexican businessman who served as Governor of Sonora under the Institutional Revolutionary Party, PRI. He is a member of the Robinson Bours family which immigrated from the United States in the 19th century. Before being elected governor, he served as Senator representing his state in the Mexican Senate. In 2000, he won the primary election with 51% of the votes. Later he was elected Governor of his state in July, 2003. His term ended in 2009 without the possibility of reelection.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "T. F. Green Airport", "paragraph_text": "T.F. Green International Airport (officially Theodore Francis Green Memorial State Airport) (IATA: PVD, ICAO: KPVD, FAA LID: PVD) is a public international airport in Warwick, six miles (10 km) south of Providence, in Kent County, Rhode Island, United States. Opened in 1931, the airport was named for former Rhode Island governor and longtime senator Theodore F. Green. Rebuilt in 1996, the renovated main terminal was named for former Rhode Island governor Bruce Sundlun. It was the first state - owned airport in the United States.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Phillips Flying Ranch Airport", "paragraph_text": "Phillips Flying Ranch Airport is a public airport located fifteen miles (24.1 km) southeast of the central business district (CBD) of Rockwall, in Rockwall County, Texas, United States. The airport itself is located in Hunt County", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Ashippun (CDP), Wisconsin", "paragraph_text": "Ashippun is an unincorporated census-designated place located in the town of Ashippun, Dodge County, Wisconsin, United States. Ashippun is located on Wisconsin Highway 67 south of Neosho. Ashippun has a post office with ZIP code 53003. As of the 2010 census, its population was 333.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Saranac Inn", "paragraph_text": "The Saranac Inn was a large, luxurious hotel located on a peninsula at the northern end of the Upper Saranac Lake in the town of Santa Clara in the Adirondacks in New York State, United States. It was frequented by US Presidents Grover Cleveland and Chester A. Arthur and New York Governor Charles Evans Hughes. It closed in 1962, and burned to the ground in 1978.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Erie, Kansas", "paragraph_text": "Erie is a city in and the county seat of Neosho County, Kansas, United States, and situated in the valley of the Neosho River, about a mile Northeast of the river. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 1,150.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Murtala Muhammed International Airport", "paragraph_text": "Murtala Muhammed International Airport (MMIA) (IATA: LOS, ICAO: DNMM) is an international airport located in Ikeja, Lagos State, Nigeria, and is the major airport serving the entire state. The airport was initially built during World War II and is named after Murtala Muhammed, the 4th military ruler of Nigeria.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 131592, "question": "Which state is Neosho Hugh Robinson Airport located?", "answer": "Missouri", "paragraph_support_idx": 5 }, { "id": 78184, "question": "who was the first governor of the state of #1", "answer": "Alexander McNair", "paragraph_support_idx": 3 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "2017 Oakland Raiders season", "paragraph_text": "The 2017 Oakland Raiders season is the 58th overall season of the Oakland Raiders franchise, the franchise's 48th season in the National Football League, their 24th season since their return to Oakland, and the third under head coach Jack Del Rio. The Raiders are looking to win their first AFC West title since 2002 and the Super Bowl for the first time since 1983, when the club was still in Los Angeles. The Raiders began the season on September 10 at the Tennessee Titans and will finish the season December 31 at the Los Angeles Chargers. The Raiders, as they did in 2016, will play one home game in Mexico City, this time against the New England Patriots.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Oakland Raiders relocation to Las Vegas", "paragraph_text": "On March 6, 2017, the Raiders revealed that Bank of America would be replacing Sheldon Adelson's portion of the funding for the new stadium in Las Vegas. On March 27, 2017, the National Football League officially approved the Raiders move from Oakland to Las Vegas in a 31 -- 1 vote, ensuring them a new stadium in the process. However, even though the Raiders were approved to move to Las Vegas, the club will still play the 2017 and 2018 NFL seasons at the Oakland -- Alameda County Coliseum and still be known as the Oakland Raiders so as long as they play in the San Francisco Bay Area. About one thousand season ticket holders asked for and received refunds after the move to Las Vegas was announced. Their tickets were sold to other fans within hours, and the Raiders' 53,250 season tickets were all sold out by late May.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 2, "title": "2018 World Series of Poker", "paragraph_text": "The 2018 World Series of Poker (WSOP) will take place from May 30 - July 17 at the Rio All Suite Hotel and Casino in Las Vegas, Nevada. There will be a record 78 bracelet events. The $10,000 No Limit Hold'em Main Event will begin on July 2 and conclude on July 14. Unlike previous years the Main Event will not be the final event to conclude, with 13 tournaments scheduled after it. The $1,000,000 Big One for One Drop will also be held at the WSOP for the first time since 2014.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Paul Wasicka", "paragraph_text": "Paul J. Wasicka (born February 17, 1981 in Dallas, Texas) is a professional poker player, based in Denver, Colorado who was the runner-up at the 2006 World Series of Poker Main Event and the winner of the 2007 NBC National Heads-Up Poker Championship.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Hole cam", "paragraph_text": "The hole cam became popular in 1999 when the \"Late Night Poker\" program first began using it in televised tournaments shown on British Channel 4. Cameras were also used in the \"Poker Million\" prior to gaining further popularity after the ESPN broadcasts of the \"2002 World Series of Poker\" and the \"World Poker Tour\" began airing on the Travel Channel in 2003.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Brad Lekkerkerker", "paragraph_text": "Brad Lekkerkerker (born May 8, 1978, in Upland, California) is an offensive tackle who formerly played for the Oakland Raiders of the National Football League (NFL). He was originally acquired as a free agent in 2004 by the Houston Texans then was on and off the Oakland Raiders roster. Lekkerkerker was allocated to NFL Europe in 2006 then placed on the Reserve/Retired List by the Raiders on July 26, 2006. He played collegiately at the University of California, Davis. Lekkerkerker is the older brother of free agent lineman Cory Lekkerkerker.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "National Heads-Up Poker Championship", "paragraph_text": "The National Heads-Up Poker Championship was an annual poker tournament held in the United States and produced by the NBC television network. It is a $25,000 \"buy-in\" invitation-only tournament organized as a series of one-on-one games of no limit Texas hold 'em matches. The participants include many of the world's most successful poker players, as well as celebrities.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Mark Davis (American football)", "paragraph_text": "Mark Davis (born 1954 or 1955) is the principal owner and managing general partner of the Oakland Raiders of the National Football League (NFL).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "World Series of Poker: Pro Challenge", "paragraph_text": "World Series of Poker: Pro Challenge is a poker game (texas hold 'em) by Glu Mobile for mobile phones and the N-Gage 2.0 platform.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Broncos–Raiders rivalry", "paragraph_text": "Date Winner Result Location October 22, 1973 Tie 23 -- 23 Denver December 8, 1975 Oakland Raiders 17 -- 10 Oakland December 1, 1980 Oakland Raiders 9 -- 3 Oakland October 12, 1987 Denver Broncos 30 -- 14 Denver September 25, 1988 Los Angeles Raiders 30 -- 27 (OT) Denver October 18, 1993 Los Angeles Raiders 23 -- 20 Denver October 16, 1995 Denver Broncos 27 -- 0 Denver November 4, 1996 Denver Broncos 22 -- 21 Oakland November 24, 1997 Denver Broncos 31 -- 3 Denver November 22, 1999 Denver Broncos 27 -- 21 (OT) Denver November 13, 2000 Denver Broncos 27 -- 24 Denver November 5, 2001 Oakland Raiders 38 -- 28 Oakland November 11, 2002 Oakland Raiders 34 -- 10 Denver September 22, 2003 Denver Broncos 31 -- 10 Denver September 8, 2008 Denver Broncos 41 -- 14 Oakland September 12, 2011 Oakland Raiders 23 -- 20 Denver September 23, 2013 Denver Broncos 37 -- 21 Denver", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Tom McEvoy", "paragraph_text": "Thomas K. McEvoy (born November 14, 1944 in Grand Rapids, Michigan, U.S.) is a professional poker player, author and member of the Poker Hall of Fame. He is best known for his win in the 1983 World Series of Poker main event.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Brent Carter", "paragraph_text": "Brent R. Carter (born September 28, 1948) is an American professional poker player from Oak Park, Illinois who has won two World Series of Poker bracelets. He lives in Oak Park, IL.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "The Biggest Game in Town", "paragraph_text": "In 1983, Al Alvarez published, The Biggest Game in Town, a book detailing the 1981 World Series of Poker event. The first book of its kind, it described the world of professional poker players and the World Series of Poker. It is credited with beginning the genre of poker literature and with bringing Texas Hold'em (and poker generally), for the first time, to a wider audience.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "The Poker Star", "paragraph_text": "The Poker Star is an Australian reality game show broadcast on One from 26 September 2009. It is created and hosted by former World Series of Poker Champion Joe Hachem, who will also act as judge and mentor to the contestants. New Zealand poker champion Lee Nelson will also appear as a judge. The series is sponsored by PokerStars.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "World Series of Poker", "paragraph_text": "The idea of a World Series of Poker began in 1969 with an event called the Texas Gambling Reunion. It was an invitational event sponsored by Tom Moore of San Antonio, Texas, and held at the Holiday Hotel and Casino in Reno. This inaugural event was won by Crandell Addington. The set of tournaments that the World Series of Poker (WSOP) would evolve into was the brainchild of Las Vegas casino owner and poker player Benny Binion. In 1970, the first WSOP at Binion's Horseshoe took place as a series of cash games that included five - card stud, deuce to seven low - ball draw, razz, seven - card stud, and Texas hold 'em. The format for the Main Event as a freeze - out Texas hold' em game came the next year. The winner in 1970, Johnny Moss, was elected by his peers as the first ``World Champion of Poker ''and received a silver cup as a prize.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "2017 World Series of Poker", "paragraph_text": "The 2017 World Series of Poker was the 48th annual World Series of Poker (WSOP). It took place from May 30 - July 17 at the Rio All - Suite Hotel & Casino in Las Vegas, Nevada. There was a record 74 bracelet events including the third edition of the $565 Colossus tournament and the $10,000 No Limit Hold'em Main Event, which began on July 8.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Vitaly Lunkin", "paragraph_text": "Vitaly Lunkin (born 7 May 1971) is a Russian professional poker player from Moscow, Russia who has won two World Series of Poker bracelets.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "World Series of Poker", "paragraph_text": "The World Series of Poker (WSOP) is a series of poker tournaments held annually in Las Vegas and, since 2005, sponsored by Caesars Entertainment Corporation (known as Harrah's Entertainment until 2010). It dates its origins to 1970, when Benny Binion invited seven of the best - known poker players to the Horseshoe Casino for a single tournament, with a set start and stop time, and a winner determined by a secret ballot of the seven players.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 18, "title": "2016 Oakland Raiders season", "paragraph_text": "The 2016 Oakland Raiders season was the 57th overall of the Oakland Raiders franchise, the franchise's 47th season in the National Football League, their 23th season since their return to Oakland, and the second under head coach Jack Del Rio. The Raiders improved on a 7 -- 9 campaign in 2015 and finished with a winning record for the first time since 2002, finishing the regular season with a 12 -- 4 record.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "History of the Los Angeles Raiders", "paragraph_text": "The professional American football team now known as the Oakland Raiders played in Los Angeles, California from 1982 to 1994 before relocating back to Oakland. This article chronicles the team's history during their time as the Los Angeles Raiders.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 50578, "question": "where does the world series of poker take place", "answer": "Las Vegas", "paragraph_support_idx": 17 }, { "id": 59934, "question": "when are the oakland raiders going to #1", "answer": "March 27, 2017", "paragraph_support_idx": 1 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "KFLT-FM", "paragraph_text": "KFLT-FM (104.1 FM) is a religious radio station in Tucson, Arizona. KFLT-FM is owned by Family Life Broadcasting, Inc. It is based from studios co-located with television station KGUN-TV in Tucson, and a transmitter site is located in the city's northwest side.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "KXXY-FM", "paragraph_text": "KXXY-FM (96.1 FM, \"96.1 KXY\") is a country music formatted radio station serving the Oklahoma City area and is owned by iHeartMedia, Inc.. KXY was the flagship station of the Oklahoma City Barons hockey team before they left Oklahoma City. Its transmitter is located in Northeast Oklahoma City, and studios are located at the 50 Penn Place building on the Northwest side.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Canadian Armed Forces", "paragraph_text": "Major air bases are located in British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia, and Newfoundland and Labrador, while administrative and command and control facilities are located in Winnipeg and North Bay. A Canadian component of the NATO Airborne Early Warning Force is also based at NATO Air Base Geilenkirchen near Geilenkirchen, Germany.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "History of Palestine", "paragraph_text": "The British - led Egyptian Expeditionary Force, commanded by Edmund Allenby, captured Jerusalem on 9 December 1917 and occupied the whole of the Levant following the defeat of Turkish forces in Palestine at the Battle of Megiddo in September 1918 and the capitulation of Turkey on 31 October. Allenby famously dismounted from his horse when he entered Jerusalem as a mark of respect for the Holy City and was greeted by the Christian, Jewish, and Islamic leaders of the city.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "WUMB-FM", "paragraph_text": "WUMB-FM (91.9 FM) in Boston, Massachusetts is the radio station of University of Massachusetts Boston. It broadcasts an Americana/Blues/Roots/Folk mix hosted by its staff weekdays. On weekends the station concentrates on traditional folk, Celtic, blues, and world music including syndicated programs. Overnight programming starting at midnight and usually through 5am is a repeat of a portion of the previous day's programming; an announcement of this fact is made at midnight. The station has received many awards for its folk music programming.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 5, "title": "William Howe, 5th Viscount Howe", "paragraph_text": "General William Howe, 5th Viscount Howe, KB, PC (10 August 1729 -- 12 July 1814) was a British Army officer who rose to become Commander - in - Chief of British forces during the American War of Independence. Howe was one of three brothers who had distinguished military careers.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Canadian Armed Forces", "paragraph_text": "The responsibility for military command remained with the British Crown-in-Council, with a commander-in-chief for North America stationed at Halifax until the final withdrawal of British Army and Royal Navy units from that city in 1906. Thereafter, the Royal Canadian Navy was formed, and, with the advent of military aviation, the Royal Canadian Air Force. These forces were organised under the Department of Militia and Defence, and split into the Permanent and Non-Permanent Active Militias—frequently shortened to simply The Militia. By 1923, the department was merged into the Department of National Defence, but land forces in Canada were not referred to as the Canadian Army until November 1940.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom)", "paragraph_text": "The current Chief of the Defence Staff, the professional head of the British Armed Forces, is General Sir Nicholas Houghton, late Green Howards. He is supported by the Vice Chief of the Defence Staff, by the professional heads of the three services of HM Armed Forces and by the Commander of Joint Forces Command.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "KKHK", "paragraph_text": "KKHK (95.5 FM, \"Bob FM\") is a commercial adult hits radio station in Carmel, California, broadcasting to the Santa Cruz-Monterey-Salinas, California area on 95.5 FM. Its studios are in Monterey while its transmitter is located east of the city.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "WKOA", "paragraph_text": "WKOA (105.3 FM), known as \"K 105\", is a radio station licensed to the city of Lafayette, Indiana. The station operates on the FM radio frequency of 105.3 MHz, FM channel 287. The studios are located at 3575 McCarty Lane in Lafayette, Indiana. The tower is located at the same location.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Hejaz Expeditionary Force", "paragraph_text": "The Hejaz Expeditionary Force () of the Ottoman Empire was one of the expeditionary forces of the Ottoman Army. Its commander had the authority of an army commander. It was formed during World War I for the defense of Medina (located in the region known as the Hejaz).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "WTKP", "paragraph_text": "WTKP (93.5 FM) is a commercial radio station located in Port St. Joe, Florida broadcasting in the Panama City area on 93.5 FM.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Arnold W. Braswell", "paragraph_text": "Arnold Webb Braswell (born October 3, 1925) is a retired American Air Force lieutenant general and command pilot who was commander in chief of Pacific Air Forces, with headquarters at Hickam Air Force Base in Hawaii. His command comprised more than 34,000 Air Force operational and support personnel stationed at eight major bases and more than 87 facilities principally located in Japan, South Korea, the Philippines, and Hawaii.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Herman Landon", "paragraph_text": "Major-General Herman James Shelley Landon, , (23 August 185916 October 1948), was a British Army officer. During the Boer War he commanded a battalion, and was promoted in the interwar period to take command of a brigade in the British Expeditionary Force. He commanded the brigade during the early fighting on the Western Front in the First World War, and succeeded to the command of 1st Infantry Division when his commanding officer was killed at the First Battle of Ypres; he later commanded four more New Army divisions during the war.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "WFAN-FM", "paragraph_text": "WFAN-FM (101.9 MHz), also known as \"Sports Radio 66 and 101.9 FM\" or \"The Fan\", is a commercial FM sports radio station licensed to New York City. The station is owned and operated by Entercom, and is simulcast with WFAN (660 AM). WFAN-FM's studios are located in the combined Entercom facility in the Hudson Square neighborhood of Manhattan and its transmitter is located at the Empire State Building.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "8th Air Support Operations Squadron", "paragraph_text": "The United States Air Force's 8th Air Support Operations Squadron (8 ASOS) was a combat support unit located at Aviano AB, Italy. The 8 ASOS provided Tactical Command and Control of air power assets to the Joint Forces Air Component Commander and Joint Forces Land Component Commander for combat operations. Due to budget constraints, the 8 ASOS was disbanded in 2013.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Operation Collar (commando raid)", "paragraph_text": "Operation Collar was the codeword for the first commando raid, conducted by the British forces, during the Second World War. The location selected for the raid was the Pas-de-Calais department on the French coast. The British Commandos had not long been formed and were not yet trained, so the operation was given to No. 11 Independent Company under the command of Major Ronnie Tod.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "James Melville Babington", "paragraph_text": "Lieutenant General Sir James Melville Babington (31 July 1854 – 15 June 1936) was a British Army officer and a renowned leader of cavalry, making a name for himself for his actions in the Second Boer War. He was Commander of the New Zealand Defence Force and one of the most respected British generals in the First World War, in command of the 23rd Division. After the war he was Commander of the British Forces in Italy.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "CBVE-FM", "paragraph_text": "CBVE-FM is a Canadian radio station, which broadcasts the programming of the CBC Radio One network at 104.7 FM in Quebec City, Quebec. The station's main transmitter is located at Mount Bélair. Its studios are co-located with its francophone sister stations on Rue St-Jean in Downtown Quebec City.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "WBUR-FM", "paragraph_text": "WBUR-FM (90.9 FM) is a public radio station located in Boston, Massachusetts, owned by Boston University. WBUR is the largest of three NPR member stations in Boston, along with WGBH and WUMB-FM. WBUR produces several nationally distributed programs, including \"Car Talk\", \"On Point\", \"Only a Game\", \"Here and Now\" and \"Open Source\", and previously produced \"The Connection\" (which was canceled on August 5, 2005). \"RadioBoston\", launched in 2007, is WBUR's only purely local show. WBUR's positioning statement is \"Boston's NPR News Station\".", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 128670, "question": "What city is WUMB-FM located?", "answer": "Boston", "paragraph_support_idx": 4 }, { "id": 49087, "question": "who was the commander of the british forces in #1", "answer": "William Howe", "paragraph_support_idx": 5 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Muammar Gaddafi", "paragraph_text": "In 1977, Gaddafi dissolved the Republic and created a new socialist state, the Jamahiriya (\"state of the masses\"). Officially adopting a symbolic role in governance, he retained power as military commander-in-chief and head of the Revolutionary Committees responsible for policing and suppressing opponents. Overseeing unsuccessful border conflicts with Egypt and Chad, Gaddafi's support for foreign militants and alleged responsibility for the Lockerbie bombing led to Libya's label of \"international pariah\". A particularly hostile relationship developed with the United States and United Kingdom, resulting in the 1986 U.S. bombing of Libya and United Nations-imposed economic sanctions. Rejecting his earlier ideological commitments, from 1999 Gaddafi encouraged economic privatization and sought rapprochement with Western nations, also embracing Pan-Africanism and helping to establish the African Union. Amid the Arab Spring, in 2011 an anti-Gaddafist uprising led by the National Transitional Council (NTC) broke out, resulting in the Libyan Civil War. NATO intervened militarily on the side of the NTC, bringing about the government's downfall. Retreating to Sirte, Gaddafi was captured and killed by NTC militants.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Al Jawf, Libya", "paragraph_text": "Al Jawf (Arabic: الجوف‎ Al Ğawf) is a town in southeastern Libya, the capital of the Kufra district in Libya.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Naji Shushan", "paragraph_text": "Naji Shushan (; born January 14, 1981 in Tripoli, Libya) is a Libyan football defender currently playing for Alahly. He was a member of the Libya national football team.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Murray-Sunset National Park", "paragraph_text": "The Murray-Sunset National Park is the second largest national park in Victoria, Australia, located in the Mallee district in the northwestern corner of the state, bordering South Australia. The national park is situated approximately northwest of Melbourne and was proclaimed on . It is in the northwestern corner of the state, bordering South Australia to the west and the Murray River to the north. The Sturt Highway passes through the northern part of the park, but most of the park is in the remote area between the Sturt Highway and the Mallee Highway, west of the Calder Highway.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "New South Wales", "paragraph_text": "New South Wales (abbreviated as NSW) is a state on the east coast of Australia. It borders Queensland to the north, Victoria to the south, and South Australia to the west. Its coast borders the Tasman Sea to the east. The Australian Capital Territory is an enclave within the state. New South Wales' state capital is Sydney, which is also Australia's most populous city. In March 2017, the population of New South Wales was over 7.8 million, making it Australia's most populous state. Just under two - thirds of the state's population, five million, live in the Greater Sydney area. Inhabitants of New South Wales are referred to as New South Welshmen.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Under-19 Cricket World Cup", "paragraph_text": "Year Host (s) Final venue Result Winner Margin Runner - up 1988 Australia Adelaide Australia 202 / 5 (45.5 overs) Australia won by 5 wickets scorecard Pakistan 201 (49.3 overs) 1998 South Africa Johannesburg England 242 / 3 (46 overs) England won by 7 wickets scorecard New Zealand 241 / 6 (50 overs) 2000 Sri Lanka Colombo India 180 / 4 (40.4 overs) India won by 6 wickets scorecard Sri Lanka 178 (48.1 overs) 2002 New Zealand Lincoln Australia 209 / 3 (45.1 overs) Australia won by 7 wickets scorecard South Africa 206 / 9 (50 overs) Bangladesh Dhaka Pakistan 230 / 9 (50 overs) Pakistan won by 25 runs scorecard West Indies 205 (47.1 overs) 2006 Sri Lanka Colombo Pakistan 109 (41.1 overs) Pakistan won by 38 runs scorecard India 71 (18.5 overs) 2008 Malaysia Puchong India 159 (45.4 overs) India won by 12 runs (D / L) scorecard South Africa 103 / 8 (25 overs) New Zealand Lincoln Australia 207 / 9 (50 overs) Australia won by 25 runs scorecard Pakistan 182 (46.4 overs) 2012 Australia Townsville India 227 / 4 (47.4 overs) India won by 6 wickets scorecard Australia 225 / 8 (50 overs) 2014 UAE Dubai South Africa 134 / 4 (42.1 overs) South Africa won by 6 wickets scorecard Pakistan 131 (44.3 overs) 2016 Bangladesh Dhaka West Indies 146 / 5 (49.3 overs) West Indies won by 5 wickets scorecard India 145 (45.1 overs) 2018 New Zealand Mount Maunganui India 220 / 2 (38.5 overs) India won by 8 wickets scorecard Australia 216 (47.2 overs) 2020 South Africa to be determined 2022 West Indies to be determined", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Australia national rugby union team", "paragraph_text": "Wales toured Australia in 1978, and Australia beat them 18 -- 8 at Ballymore, and then again by two points at the SCG. This was followed by a three match series with the All Blacks. Although New Zealand won the first two, Australia defeated them in the last Test at Eden Park with Greg Cornelsen scoring four tries. The following year Ireland visited Australia and defeated Australia in two Tests. Following this Australia hosted the All Blacks for a single Test at the SCG which Australia won 12 -- 6. Australia then left for Argentina for two Tests. After going down 24 -- 13 in the first, Australia finished the decade by beating Argentina 17 -- 12 in Buenos Aires.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Abu Sufian bin Qumu", "paragraph_text": "Bin Qumu was transferred to Libya on 28 September 2007. In 2011, he was the leader of a band of fighters in his hometown of Derna during the 2011 Libyan civil war. After the war, he led the militant Islamist group Ansar al-Sharia's Derna branch.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Mungindi Bridge", "paragraph_text": "The Mungindi Bridge is a road bridge over the Barwon River on the Carnarvon Highway on the Queensland/New South Wales border at Mungindi, Australia.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Alex Russell (golfer)", "paragraph_text": "Commissioned in the Royal Garrison Artillery on 9 October 1914, Russell served on the Western Front during World War I, where he was twice wounded, won the Military Cross, and in 1918 was promoted acting major. After the war he and his wife returned to Australia and lived at Sandringham in Melbourne, close to the Royal Melbourne Golf Club.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Tarat, Algeria", "paragraph_text": "Tarat is a village in the commune of Illizi, in Illizi Province, Algeria, located near the border with Libya beside a wadi beneath the eastern edge of the Tassili n'Ajjer mountain range.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Seven Hills, Queensland", "paragraph_text": "Seven Hills is a suburb of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It is located east of the CBD, and borders Camp Hill, Carina, Morningside, and Norman Park.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "World War I", "paragraph_text": "World War I (often abbreviated as WWI or WW1), also known as the First World War or the Great War, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918. Contemporaneously described as the ``war to end all wars '', more than 70 million military personnel, including 60 million Europeans, were mobilised in one of the largest wars in history. Over nine million combatants and seven million civilians died as a result of the war (including the victims of a number of genocides), a casualty rate exacerbated by the belligerents' technological and industrial sophistication, and the tactical stalemate caused by gruelling trench warfare. It was one of the deadliest conflicts in history and precipitated major political change, including the Revolutions of 1917 -- 1923 in many of the nations involved. Unresolved rivalries at the end of the conflict contributed to the start of the Second World War twenty - one years later.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Military history of Australia during World War I", "paragraph_text": "The AIF departed Australia in November 1914 and, after several delays due to the presence of German naval vessels in the Indian Ocean, arrived in Egypt, where they were initially used to defend the Suez Canal. In early 1915, however, it was decided to carry out an amphibious landing on the Gallipoli peninsula with the goal of opening up a second front and securing the passage of the Dardanelles. The Australians and New Zealanders, grouped together as the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps (ANZAC), went ashore on 25 April 1915 and for the next eight months the Anzacs, alongside their British, French and other allies, fought a costly and ultimately unsuccessful campaign against the Turks.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Myanmar", "paragraph_text": "The most common way for travellers to enter the country seems to be by air. According to the website Lonely Planet, getting into Myanmar is problematic: \"No bus or train service connects Myanmar with another country, nor can you travel by car or motorcycle across the border – you must walk across.\", and states that, \"It is not possible for foreigners to go to/from Myanmar by sea or river.\" There are a small number of border crossings that allow the passage of private vehicles, such as the border between Ruili (China) to Mu-se, the border between Htee Kee (Myanmar) and Ban Phu Nam Ron (Thailand) (the most direct border between Dawei and Kanchanaburi), and the border between Myawaddy (Myanmar) and Mae Sot (Thailand). At least one tourist company has successfully run commercial overland routes through these borders since 2013. \"From Mae Sai (Thailand) you can cross to Tachileik, but can only go as far as Kengtung. Those in Thailand on a visa run can cross to Kawthaung but cannot venture farther into Myanmar.\"", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Jean-François Jannekeyn", "paragraph_text": "Jean-François Jannekeyn (November 16, 1892 – November 17, 1971) was a World War I flying ace credited with five aerial victories as a bomber pilot, flying a Breguet 14. Professionnal officer, he remained in the french air force after WW1 and he also competed at the 1924 Summer Olympics as a fencer.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Italian Tripolitania", "paragraph_text": "Italian Tripolitania was an Italian colony, located in present-day western Libya, that existed from 1911 to 1934. It was part of the territory conquered from the Ottoman Empire after the Italo-Turkish War in 1911. Italian Tripolitania included the western northern half of Libya, with Tripoli as its main city. In 1934, it was unified with Cyrenaica in the colony of Italian Libya.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "World War I", "paragraph_text": "World War I (WWI or WW1), also known as the First World War, the Great War, or the War to End All Wars, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918. More than 70 million military personnel, including 60 million Europeans, were mobilised in one of the largest wars in history. Over nine million combatants and seven million civilians died as a result of the war (including the victims of a number of genocides), a casualty rate exacerbated by the belligerents' technological and industrial sophistication, and the tactical stalemate caused by gruelling trench warfare. It was one of the deadliest conflicts in history, and paved the way for major political changes, including revolutions in many of the nations involved. Unresolved rivalries still extant at the end of the conflict contributed to the start of the Second World War only twenty - one years later.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Muammar Gaddafi", "paragraph_text": "With preceding legal institutions abolished, Gaddafi envisioned the Jamahiriya as following the Qur'an for legal guidance, adopting sharia law; he proclaimed \"man-made\" laws unnatural and dictatorial, only permitting Allah's law. Within a year he was backtracking, announcing that sharia was inappropriate for the Jamahiriya because it guaranteed the protection of private property, contravening The Green Book's socialism. His emphasis on placing his own work on a par with the Qur'an led conservative clerics to accuse him of shirk, furthering their opposition to his regime. In July, a border war broke out with Egypt, in which the Egyptians defeated Libya despite their technological inferiority. The conflict lasted one week before both sides agreed to sign a peace treaty that was brokered by several Arab states. That year, Gaddafi was invited to Moscow by the Soviet government in recognition of their increasing commercial relationship.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Disarmament of Libya", "paragraph_text": "In 1968, Libya became signatory of Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT), ratified the treaty in 1975, and concluded a safeguards agreement in 1980. Despite its commitment to NPT, there are reports indicating that Muammar Gaddafi of Libya either made unsuccessful attempts to build or entered in an agreement to purchase a nuclear weapon from nuclear - armed nations. In the 1970s -- 80s, Gaddafi made numerous attempts to accelerate and push forward his ambitions for an active nuclear weapons program, using the nuclear black market sources. However, after the end of the Cold War in 1991, Gaddafi sought to resolve its nuclear crises with the United States aiming to uplift the sanctions against Libya, finally agreeing to authorize rolling back Libya's weapons of mass destruction program on December 2003.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 31753, "question": "Who won a border war with Libya?", "answer": "Egypt", "paragraph_support_idx": 18 }, { "id": 57175, "question": "when did australia go to #1 in ww1", "answer": "November 1914", "paragraph_support_idx": 13 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Gilead, Maine", "paragraph_text": "Gilead is a town in Oxford County, Maine, United States. Upon incorporation in 1804, it was named for the large quantity of Balm of Gilead trees in the town center. The population was 209 at the 2010 census.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Huguenots", "paragraph_text": "Huguenot immigrants did not disperse or settle in different parts of the country, but rather, formed three societies or congregations; one in the city of New York, another 21 miles north of New York in a town which they named New Rochelle, and a third further upstate in New Paltz. The \"Huguenot Street Historic District\" in New Paltz has been designated a National Historic Landmark site and contains the oldest street in the United States of America. A small group of Huguenots also settled on the south shore of Staten Island along the New York Harbor, for which the current neighborhood of Huguenot was named.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Institute of technology", "paragraph_text": "EPN is known for research and education in the applied science, astronomy, atmospheric physics, engineering and physical sciences. The Geophysics Institute monitors over the country`s seismic, tectonic and volcanic activity in the continental territory and in the Galápagos Islands.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Huguenots", "paragraph_text": "Huguenot numbers peaked near an estimated two million by 1562, concentrated mainly in the southern and central parts of France, about one-eighth the number of French Catholics. As Huguenots gained influence and more openly displayed their faith, Catholic hostility grew, in spite of increasingly liberal political concessions and edicts of toleration from the French crown. A series of religious conflicts followed, known as the Wars of Religion, fought intermittently from 1562 to 1598. The wars finally ended with the granting of the Edict of Nantes, which granted the Huguenots substantial religious, political and military autonomy.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Egypt", "paragraph_text": "With over 90 million inhabitants, Egypt is the most populous country in North Africa and the Arab World, the third-most populous in Africa (after Nigeria and Ethiopia), and the fifteenth-most populous in the world. The great majority of its people live near the banks of the Nile River, an area of about 40,000 square kilometres (15,000 sq mi), where the only arable land is found. The large regions of the Sahara desert, which constitute most of Egypt's territory, are sparsely inhabited. About half of Egypt's residents live in urban areas, with most spread across the densely populated centres of greater Cairo, Alexandria and other major cities in the Nile Delta.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Huguenots", "paragraph_text": "Approximately one million Protestants in modern France represent some 2% of its population. Most are concentrated in Alsace in northeast France and the Cévennes mountain region in the south, who still regard themselves as Huguenots to this day.[citation needed] A diaspora of French Australians still considers itself Huguenot, even after centuries of exile. Long integrated into Australian society, it is encouraged by the Huguenot Society of Australia to embrace and conserve its cultural heritage, aided by the Society's genealogical research services.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Modern history", "paragraph_text": "At the time of the Berlin Conference, Africa contained one-fifth of the world’s population living in one-quarter of the world’s land area. However, from Europe's perspective, they were dividing an unknown continent. European countries established a few coastal colonies in Africa by the mid-nineteenth century, which included Cape Colony (Great Britain), Angola (Portugal), and Algeria (France), but until the late nineteenth century Europe largely traded with free African states without feeling the need for territorial possession. Until the 1880s most of Africa remained unchartered, with western maps from the period generally showing blank spaces for the continent’s interior.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "French Canadians", "paragraph_text": "French Canadians (also referred to as Franco - Canadians or Canadiens; French: Canadien (ne) s français (es)) are an ethnic group who trace their ancestry to French colonists who settled in Canada from the 17th century onward. Today, French Canadians constitute the main French - speaking population in Canada, accounting for about 22 per cent of the country's total population. The majority of French Canadians reside in Quebec, where they constitute the majority of the province's population, although French Canadian and francophone minority communities exist in all other Canadian provinces and territories as well.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Liberty, New York", "paragraph_text": "Liberty is a town in Sullivan County, New York, United States. The population was 9,885 at the 2010 census. Like nearby Monticello the town center is largely derelict.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Indigenous peoples of the Americas", "paragraph_text": "Indigenous peoples of Brazil make up 0.4% of Brazil's population, or about 700,000 people, even though millions of Brazilians have some indigenous ancestry. Indigenous peoples are found in the entire territory of Brazil, although the majority of them live in Indian reservations in the North and Center-Western part of the country. On January 18, 2007, FUNAI reported that it had confirmed the presence of 67 different uncontacted tribes in Brazil, up from 40 in 2005. With this addition Brazil has now overtaken the island of New Guinea as the country having the largest number of uncontacted tribes.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Comoros", "paragraph_text": "Sunni Islam is the dominant religion, representing as much as 99% of the population. A minority of the population of the Comoros, mostly immigrants from metropolitan France, are Roman Catholic. Comoros is the only Muslim-majority country in Southern Africa and the second southernmost Muslim-majority territory after the French territory of Mayotte.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Huguenots", "paragraph_text": "After the revocation of the Edict of Nantes, the Dutch Republic received the largest group of Huguenot refugees, an estimated total of 75,000 to 100,000 people. Amongst them were 200 clergy. Many came from the region of the Cévennes, for instance, the village of Fraissinet-de-Lozère. This was a huge influx as the entire population of the Dutch Republic amounted to ca. 2 million at that time. Around 1700, it is estimated that nearly 25% of the Amsterdam population was Huguenot.[citation needed] In 1705, Amsterdam and the area of West Frisia were the first areas to provide full citizens rights to Huguenot immigrants, followed by the Dutch Republic in 1715. Huguenots intermarried with Dutch from the outset.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Kannauj", "paragraph_text": "Kannauj city Nickname (s): Perfume Capital of India; Grasse of the East Kannauj Kannauj Show map of India Show map of Uttar Pradesh Show all Coordinates: 27 ° 04 ′ N 79 ° 55 ′ E  /  27.07 ° N 79.92 ° E  / 27.07; 79.92 Coordinates: 27 ° 04 ′ N 79 ° 55 ′ E  /  27.07 ° N 79.92 ° E  / 27.07; 79.92 Country India State Uttar Pradesh District Kannauj Elevation 139 m (456 ft) Population (2001) Total 1,656,616 Languages Official Hindi / Urdu Time zone IST (UTC + 5: 30) Vehicle registration UP - 74 Website www.kannauj.nic.in", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Mangalore", "paragraph_text": "Diocese of Mangalore Dioecesis Mangalorensis मंगलौर के सूबा Cathedral of Our Lady of the Rosary Location Country India Territory Karnataka Ecclesiastical province Bangalore Metropolitan Bangalore Statistics Area 5,924 km (2,287 sq mi) Population - Total - Catholics (as of 2012) 2,978,560 267,343 (9%) Parishes 112 Information Denomination Roman Catholic Rite Latin Rite Established 1 September 1886 Cathedral Our Lady of Rosary of Mangalore Patron saint Saint Joseph Current leadership Pope Francis Bishop Aloysius Paul D'Souza Metropolitan Archbishop Bernard Moras Dean Fr. John Baptist Crasta Map Map highlighting districts falling under the Mangalore Diocese Website dioceseofmangalore.org/", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Huguenots", "paragraph_text": "Around 1685, Huguenot refugees found a safe haven in the Lutheran and Reformed states in Germany and Scandinavia. Nearly 50,000 Huguenots established themselves in Germany, 20,000 of whom were welcomed in Brandenburg-Prussia, where they were granted special privileges (Edict of Potsdam) and churches in which to worship (such as the Church of St. Peter and St. Paul, Angermünde) by Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg and Duke of Prussia. The Huguenots furnished two new regiments of his army: the Altpreußische Infantry Regiments No. 13 (Regiment on foot Varenne) and 15 (Regiment on foot Wylich). Another 4,000 Huguenots settled in the German territories of Baden, Franconia (Principality of Bayreuth, Principality of Ansbach), Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel, Duchy of Württemberg, in the Wetterau Association of Imperial Counts, in the Palatinate and Palatinate-Zweibrücken, in the Rhine-Main-Area (Frankfurt), in modern-day Saarland; and 1,500 found refuge in Hamburg, Bremen and Lower Saxony. Three hundred refugees were granted asylum at the court of George William, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg in Celle.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Huguenots", "paragraph_text": "The exodus of Huguenots from France created a brain drain, as many Huguenots had occupied important places in society. The kingdom did not fully recover for years. The French crown's refusal to allow non-Catholics to settle in New France may help to explain that colony's slow rate of population growth compared to that of the neighbouring British colonies, which opened settlement to religious dissenters. By the time of the French and Indian War (the North American front of the Seven Years' War), a sizeable population of Huguenot descent lived in the British colonies, and many participated in the British defeat of New France in 1759-60.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "South America", "paragraph_text": "Brazil is the largest country in South America, encompassing around half of the continent's land area and population. The remaining countries and territories are divided among three regions: The Andean States, the Guianas and the Southern Cone.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "The Map and the Territory", "paragraph_text": "\"The Map and the Territory\" is Michel Houellebecq's fifth novel. It was published five years after his prior novel, \"The Possibility of an Island\". \"The Map and the Territory\" was among the most eagerly awaited and discussed novels of the 2010 literary season in France. The first printing was for copies, as announced by the publisher. An English translation by Gavin Bowd was published in January 2012.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Canada", "paragraph_text": "Canada (/ ˈkænədə / (listen); French: (kanadɑ)) is a country in the northern part of North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering 9.98 million square kilometres (3.85 million square miles), making it the world's second - largest country by total area and the fourth - largest country by land area. Canada's southern border with the United States is the world's longest bi-national land border. The majority of the country has a cold or severely cold winter climate, but southerly areas are warm in summer. Canada is sparsely populated, the majority of its land territory being dominated by forest and tundra and the Rocky Mountains. It is highly urbanized with 82 per cent of the 35.15 million people concentrated in large and medium - sized cities, many near the southern border. Its capital is Ottawa, and its five largest metropolitan areas are Toronto, Montreal, Vancouver, Calgary and Ottawa.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Mexico City", "paragraph_text": "Due in large part to the persuasion of representative Servando Teresa de Mier, Mexico City was chosen because it was the center of the country's population and history, even though Querétaro was closer to the center geographically. The choice was official on November 18, 1824, and Congress delineated a surface area of two leagues square (8,800 acres) centered on the Zocalo. This area was then separated from the State of Mexico, forcing that state's government to move from the Palace of the Inquisition (now Museum of Mexican Medicine) in the city to Texcoco. This area did not include the population centers of the towns of Coyoacán, Xochimilco, Mexicaltzingo and Tlalpan, all of which remained as part of the State of Mexico.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 106008, "question": "Which was the country for The Map and the Territory?", "answer": "France", "paragraph_support_idx": 17 }, { "id": 40458, "question": "Where was #1 's Huguenot population largely centered?", "answer": "the southern and central parts of France", "paragraph_support_idx": 3 } ]

[ "France", "fr", "FRA", "FR" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "William I, German Emperor", "paragraph_text": "William I, or in German Wilhelm I. (full name: William Frederick Louis of Hohenzollern, German: Wilhelm Friedrich Ludwig von Hohenzollern, 22 March 1797 -- 9 March 1888), of the House of Hohenzollern was King of Prussia from 2 January 1861 and the first German Emperor from 18 January 1871 to his death, the first Head of State of a united Germany. Under the leadership of William and his Minister President Otto von Bismarck, Prussia achieved the unification of Germany and the establishment of the German Empire. Despite his long support of Bismarck as Minister President, William held strong reservations about some of Bismarck's more reactionary policies, including his anti-Catholicism and tough handling of subordinates. In contrast to the domineering Bismarck, William was described as polite, gentlemanly and, while a staunch conservative, more open to certain classical liberal ideas than his grandson Wilhelm II.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Snow White", "paragraph_text": "``Snow White ''is a 19th - century German fairy tale which is today known widely across the Western world. The Brothers Grimm published it in 1812 in the first edition of their collection Grimms' Fairy Tales. It was titled in German: Sneewittchen (in modern orthography Schneewittchen) and numbered as Tale 53. The name Sneewittchen was Low German and in the first version it was translated with Schneeweißchen. The Grimms completed their final revision of the story in 1854.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Modern history", "paragraph_text": "Italian unification was the political and social movement that annexed different states of the Italian peninsula into the single state of Italy in the 19th century. There is a lack of consensus on the exact dates for the beginning and the end of this period, but many scholars agree that the process began with the end of Napoleonic rule and the Congress of Vienna in 1815, and approximately ended with the Franco-Prussian War in 1871, though the last città irredente did not join the Kingdom of Italy until after World War I.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Kingdom of England", "paragraph_text": "During the following years Northumbria repeatedly changed hands between the English kings and the Norwegian invaders, but was definitively brought under English control by Eadred in 954, completing the unification of England. At about this time, Lothian, the northern part of Northumbria (Roman Bernicia), was ceded to the Kingdom of Scotland. On 12 July 927 the monarchs of Britain gathered at Eamont in Cumbria to recognise Æthelstan as king of the English. This can be considered England's' foundation date ', although the process of unification had taken almost 100 years.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Battle of Castelfidardo", "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Castelfidardo took place on 18 September 1860 at Castelfidardo, a small town in the Marche region of Italy. It was fought between the Sardinian army – acting as the driving force in the war for Italian unification, against the Papal States.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Unification of Germany", "paragraph_text": "The unification of Germany into a politically and administratively integrated nation state officially occurred on 18 January 1871, in the Hall of Mirrors at the Palace of Versailles in France. Princes of the German states, excluding Austria, gathered there to proclaim Wilhelm I of Prussia as German Emperor after the French capitulation in the Franco - Prussian War. Unofficially, the de facto transition of most of the German - speaking populations into a federated organization of states had been developing for some time through alliances formal and informal between princely rulers -- but in fits and starts; self - interests of the various parties hampered the process over nearly a century of autocratic experimentation, beginning in the era of the Napoleonic Wars, which saw the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation (1806), and the subsequent rise of German nationalism.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Arthur Hoerl", "paragraph_text": "Arthur Hoerl (December 17, 1891 – February 6, 1968) was an American screenwriter and film director. Hoerl was born in New York, son of Louis Hoerl, a German immigrant silver polisher, and Teresa Hoerl. Arthur completed three years of high school, according to the 1940 US Census.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Albanian Fascist Party", "paragraph_text": "The Albanian Fascist Party (, or PFSh) was a Fascist organization active during World War II which held nominal power in Albania from 1939, when the country was conquered by Italy, until 1943, when Italy capitulated to the Allies. Afterwards, Albania fell under German occupation, and the PFSh was replaced by the Guard of Greater Albania.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Curt Valentin", "paragraph_text": "Curt Valentin (5 October 1902, Hamburg, Germany – 19 August 1954, Forte dei Marmi, Italy) was a German-Jewish art dealer known for handling modern art, particularly sculpture, and works classified as \"degenerate\" by the Nazi regime in pre-war Germany.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Blood and Iron (speech)", "paragraph_text": "Blood and Iron (German: Blut und Eisen) is the title of a speech by Minister President of Prussia Otto von Bismarck given in 1862 about the unification of the German territories. It is also a transposed phrase that Bismarck uttered near the end of the speech that has become one of his most widely known quotations.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Kingdom of Italy", "paragraph_text": "Upon unifying, Italy had a predominantly agrarian society as 60% of the active population worked in agriculture. Advances in technology, the sale of vast Church estates, foreign competition along with export opportunities rapidly transformed the agricultural sector in Italy shortly after unification. However, these developments did not benefit all of Italy in this period, as southern Italy's agriculture suffered from hot summers and aridity damaged crops while the presence of malaria prevented cultivation of low-lying areas along Italy's Adriatic Sea coast.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Middle Ages", "paragraph_text": "A three-year civil war followed his death. By the Treaty of Verdun (843), a kingdom between the Rhine and Rhone rivers was created for Lothair to go with his lands in Italy, and his imperial title was recognised. Louis the German was in control of Bavaria and the eastern lands in modern-day Germany. Charles the Bald received the western Frankish lands, comprising most of modern-day France. Charlemagne's grandsons and great-grandsons divided their kingdoms between their descendants, eventually causing all internal cohesion to be lost.[N] In 987 the Carolingian dynasty was replaced in the western lands, with the crowning of Hugh Capet (r. 987–996) as king.[O][P] In the eastern lands the dynasty had died out earlier, in 911, with the death of Louis the Child, and the selection of the unrelated Conrad I (r. 911–918) as king.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Dialect", "paragraph_text": "During the Risorgimento, proponents of Italian republicanism and Italian nationalism, such as Alessandro Manzoni, stressed the importance of establishing a uniform national language in order to better create an Italian national identity. With the unification of Italy in the 1860s, standard Italian became the official national language of the new Italian state, while the various unofficial regional languages of Italy gradually became regarded as subordinate \"dialects\" to Italian, increasingly associated negatively with lack of education or provincialism. However, at the time of the Italian Unification, standard Italian still existed mainly as a literary language, and only 2.5% of Italy's population could speak standard Italian.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Germans", "paragraph_text": "The Napoleonic Wars were the cause of the final dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire, and ultimately the cause for the quest for a German nation state in 19th-century German nationalism. After the Congress of Vienna, Austria and Prussia emerged as two competitors. Austria, trying to remain the dominant power in Central Europe, led the way in the terms of the Congress of Vienna. The Congress of Vienna was essentially conservative, assuring that little would change in Europe and preventing Germany from uniting. These terms came to a sudden halt following the Revolutions of 1848 and the Crimean War in 1856, paving the way for German unification in the 1860s. By the 1820s, large numbers of Jewish German women had intermarried with Christian German men and had converted to Christianity. Jewish German Eduard Lasker was a prominent German nationalist figure who promoted the unification of Germany in the mid-19th century.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Giuseppe Sirtori", "paragraph_text": "Giuseppe Sirtori (17 April 1813 – 18 September 1874) was an Italian soldier, patriot and politician who fought in the unification of Italy.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Battle of France", "paragraph_text": "The Battle of France, also known as the Fall of France, was the German invasion of France and the Low Countries during the Second World War. In six weeks from 10 May 1940, German forces defeated Allied forces by mobile operations and conquered France, Belgium, Luxembourg and the Netherlands, bringing land operations on the Western Front to an end until 6 June 1944. Italy entered the war on 10 June 1940 and attempted an invasion of France.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Pizza Margherita", "paragraph_text": "A widespread belief says that in June 1889 the pizzaiolo Raffaele Esposito, Pizzeria Brandi's chef, invented a dish called ``Pizza Margherita ''in honor of the Queen of Italy, Margherita of Savoy, and the Italian unification, since toppings are tomato (red), mozzarella (white) and basil (green), representing the same colors of the national flag of Italy.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Unification of Germany", "paragraph_text": "Historians debate whether Otto von Bismarck -- Minister President of Prussia -- had a master plan to expand the North German Confederation of 1866 to include the remaining independent German states into a single entity or simply to expand the power of the Kingdom of Prussia. They conclude that factors in addition to the strength of Bismarck's Realpolitik led a collection of early modern polities to reorganize political, economic, military, and diplomatic relationships in the 19th century. Reaction to Danish and French nationalism provided foci for expressions of German unity. Military successes -- especially those of Prussia -- in three regional wars generated enthusiasm and pride that politicians could harness to promote unification. This experience echoed the memory of mutual accomplishment in the Napoleonic Wars, particularly in the War of Liberation of 1813 -- 14. By establishing a Germany without Austria, the political and administrative unification in 1871 at least temporarily solved the problem of dualism.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Black Death", "paragraph_text": "From Italy, the disease spread northwest across Europe, striking France, Spain, Portugal and England by June 1348, then turned and spread east through Germany and Scandinavia from 1348 to 1350. It was introduced in Norway in 1349 when a ship landed at Askøy, then spread to Bjørgvin (modern Bergen) and Iceland. Finally it spread to northwestern Russia in 1351. The plague was somewhat less common in parts of Europe that had smaller trade relations with their neighbours, including the Kingdom of Poland, the majority of the Basque Country, isolated parts of Belgium and the Netherlands, and isolated alpine villages throughout the continent.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Artern (district)", "paragraph_text": "Artern (\"Kreis Artern\") was a \"Kreis\" (district) in the \"Bezirk\" (district) of Halle in the German Democratic Republic (GDR). From 1990 to 1994 it persisted as Landkreis Artern in the state of Thüringen. It occupied land that is for the most part modern Kyffhäuserkreis in Thüringen.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 10564, "question": "In what modern country were Louis the German's lands?", "answer": "Germany", "paragraph_support_idx": 11 }, { "id": 89078, "question": "when was the unification of #1 and italy completed", "answer": "18 January 1871", "paragraph_support_idx": 5 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Global Alliance in Management Education", "paragraph_text": "CEMS Master's in International Management (CEMS MIM) is a one-year degree program for a select group of students at the member institutions, taught jointly by CEMS business schools and universities Created in 1988 by founding members from the University of Cologne, HEC Paris, ESADE and the Università Bocconi, it was the first supra-national MSc. The aim of CEMS is to provide education and research for students who aspire to play a role in the development and direction of enterprises in a global context.A CEMS MIM usually consists of two semesters, one at the home university and the other in a CEMS member school abroad. Some CEMS universities allow their students to spend both semesters at CEMS member schools including Keio University in Tokyo. In addition to completing one's home degree, graduation from CEMS also requires completion of a business project, skill seminars, an international internship, and 2 foreign language exams.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Beyoncé", "paragraph_text": "Beyoncé's music is generally R&B, but she also incorporates pop, soul and funk into her songs. 4 demonstrated Beyoncé's exploration of 90s-style R&B, as well as further use of soul and hip hop than compared to previous releases. While she almost exclusively releases English songs, Beyoncé recorded several Spanish songs for Irreemplazable (re-recordings of songs from B'Day for a Spanish-language audience), and the re-release of B'Day. To record these, Beyoncé was coached phonetically by American record producer Rudy Perez.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Christian Girls' Higher Secondary School, Tura", "paragraph_text": "The Christian Girls Higher Secondary School is a secondary school in Tura, Meghalaya, India. It is one of the oldest schools in the state of Meghalaya, as well as in the whole of the north-east of India. It was established in 1921, in its present location. The history of its formation dates back to 1874. \"Wangala\", the traditional dance form of \"the Garos\" (known as \"A`chik\" in the local language, and \"Mande\" in Bangladesh) is taught as part of the school curriculum.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "James Van Pelt", "paragraph_text": "James Van Pelt (born 1954 in Akron, Ohio) is an American science fiction author who began publishing in the mid-90s. He is also a teacher in the language arts department at Fruita Monument High School in Fruita, Colorado. He is also the former advisor of The Catalyst, the student-run monthly magazine of Fruita Monument High School.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Lincoln Community School", "paragraph_text": "Lincoln Community School is a private school in Accra, Ghana, West Africa. It is a non-profit, college-preparatory, international school. There is an expatriate population associated with the various embassies, Foreign Service agencies, NGO’s, United Nations organisations, and international businesses. They also have a large number of students whose parents are Ghanaian nationals. 25% of the students are Americans, 8% are Ghanaians, and 67% are from other countries. English is the language of instruction. Classes are offered from Pre-school through to grade 12. The school year is divided into 2 semesters (August–December & January–June) and additionally into quarterly assessment periods. It was established in 1968.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Gimpo Foreign Language High School", "paragraph_text": "Gimpo Foreign Language High School is a boarding high school in Gimpo, South Korea specialising in the teaching of foreign languages. Construction of the school building began in December 2004; the school opened its doors to students in March 2006, having spent ₩21 billion on construction. The director Jeon Byeong-du, a construction equipment magnate, used his own fortune to build the school, joking that he would rather give something back to society than leave his money to his children and start an inheritance dispute. Students can choose to study English, Chinese, or Japanese. The school admitted 290 students in its first year, divided into eight classes (four for English and two each for Chinese and Japanese).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Nellie Quander", "paragraph_text": "When Nellie Quander entered Howard University, only 1/3 of 1% of African Americans and 5% of whites attended any college. While enrolled at Howard University, Quander also taught students at the Garrison School in Washington D.C.'s public school system. In June 1912, Nellie graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree, magna cum laude, in history, economics, and political science.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "The Second Yuying Foreign Languages School of Nanjing", "paragraph_text": "The Second Yuying Foreign Languages School of Nanjing is a state-owned, privately-run school established in 1993 in Nanjing, China. The school covers an area of 18 acres and has two campuses, offering 72 classes, with more than 2,700 students and 400 staff.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Joseph Bloch", "paragraph_text": "Joseph Meyer Bloch (pronounced \"block\", November 6, 1917 – March 4, 2009) was an American concert pianist and professor of piano literature at the Juilliard School in New York City. During a career at Juilliard that spanned five decades, Bloch's students included Emanuel Ax, Van Cliburn, Misha Dichter, Garrick Ohlsson, Jeffrey Siegel and Jeffrey Swann. During his time at the school, with the exception of an attempted retirement in the 1980s, Bloch taught every piano student at Juilliard. While other Juilliard piano instructors taught prowess at the keyboard, Bloch focused on what \"The New York Times\" described as \"the who, the why and the what-if\" of the piano, not \"the how-to\". For one year, 1995–96, Mr. Bloch co-taught the Juilliard piano literature courses with Bruce Brubaker. After Mr. Bloch’s retirement in 1996, Brubaker continued teaching the piano literature courses at Juilliard for nine years.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Kells Academy", "paragraph_text": "Kells Academy is an academic high school, middle school and elementary school in Montreal, Quebec. The school offers programs for kindergarten to grade 11 with about 169 students in its high school. Founded in 1978 by Mrs Irene Woods, this private school requires students to wear uniforms and the language of instruction is English.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Welsh-medium education", "paragraph_text": "Welsh medium education should be distinguished from the teaching of the Welsh language itself as an academic subject. Welsh as a subject is taught as a first language in Welsh medium schools. In the majority of English medium schools, Welsh is taught as a second language and became compulsory for all pupils in Wales at Key Stages 1, 2 and 3 (up to age 14) in 1990. In 1999, it became a compulsory subject for Key Stage 4 pupils (GCSE (ages 15 and 16)). Provision of Welsh as a subject in independent (private) schools is less widespread -- only a few provide it, and it is taught as a second language. There is no private designated Welsh - medium school in Wales, although one does exist in London, known as the London Welsh School.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Sanskrit", "paragraph_text": "The CBSE (Central Board of Secondary Education) of India, along with several other state education boards, has made Sanskrit an alternative option to the state's own official language as a second or third language choice in the schools it governs. In such schools, learning Sanskrit is an option for grades 5 to 8 (Classes V to VIII). This is true of most schools affiliated with the ICSE board, especially in those states where the official language is Hindi. Sanskrit is also taught in traditional gurukulas throughout India.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Spanish language in the United States", "paragraph_text": "Spanish is currently the most widely taught non-English language in American secondary schools and of higher education. More than 1.4 million university students were enrolled in language courses in autumn of 2002 and Spanish is the most widely taught language in American colleges and universities with 53 percent of the total number of people enrolled, followed by French (14.4%), German (7.1%), Italian (4.5%), American Sign language (4.3%), Japanese (3.7%), and Chinese (2.4%) although the totals remain relatively small in relation to the total U.S population.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Charles Rattray Smith", "paragraph_text": "Charles Rattray Smith (1859–1941) taught in Britain before emigrating to New South Wales, where he taught classics and languages at various public schools. He was the inaugural headmaster of Newcastle High School from 1906. In 1915, he became headmaster at North Sydney; in 1919, he transferred to Sydney High School, where he was headmaster until taking long service leave in 1924 before his retirement in 1926.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Education in the United States", "paragraph_text": "There are more than 14,000 school districts in the country, and more than $500 billion is spent each year on public primary and secondary education. Most states require that their school districts within the state teach for 180 days a year. In 2010, there were 3,823,142 teachers in public, charter, private, and Catholic elementary and secondary schools. They taught a total of 55,203,000 students, who attended one of 132,656 schools.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Czech language", "paragraph_text": "Immigration of Czechs from Europe to the United States occurred primarily from 1848 to 1914. Czech is a Less Commonly Taught Language in U.S. schools, and is taught at Czech heritage centers. Large communities of Czech Americans live in the states of Texas, Nebraska and Wisconsin. In the 2000 United States Census, Czech was reported as the most-common language spoken at home (besides English) in Valley, Butler and Saunders Counties, Nebraska and Republic County, Kansas. With the exception of Spanish (the non-English language most commonly spoken at home nationwide), Czech was the most-common home language in over a dozen additional counties in Nebraska, Kansas, Texas, North Dakota and Minnesota. As of 2009, 70,500 Americans spoke Czech as their first language (49th place nationwide, behind Turkish and ahead of Swedish).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Wichita Northeast Magnet High School", "paragraph_text": "Wichita Northeast Magnet High School, known locally as Northeast, is a magnet high school for the Wichita School District and is located in Bel Aire, Kansas, United States. Wichita Northeast Magnet High School was the first magnet high school in Kansas. The magnet areas at Northeast include visual arts, science, and law. Students are also exposed to mathematics and language arts. Since it is a magnet school, there is no district boundary placed by the school district, meaning any high school age student within the Wichita city limits, can attend the school without requiring a special transfer, they still, however, are required to apply for the school, then students are selected at random to attend.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Tuvalu", "paragraph_text": "Required attendance at school is 10 years for males and 11 years for females (2001). The adult literacy rate is 99.0% (2002). In 2010, there were 1,918 students who were taught by 109 teachers (98 certified and 11 uncertified). The teacher-pupil ratio for primary schools in Tuvalu is around 1:18 for all schools with the exception of Nauti School, which has a teacher-student ratio of 1:27. Nauti School on Funafuti is the largest primary in Tuvalu with more than 900 students (45 percent of the total primary school enrolment). The pupil-teacher ratio for Tuvalu is low compared to the Pacific region (ratio of 1:29).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "José Antunes Sobrinho", "paragraph_text": "The Portuguese language is the official national language and the primary language taught in schools. English and Spanish are also part of the official curriculum. The city has six international schools: American School of Brasília, Brasília International School (BIS), Escola das Nações, Swiss International School (SIS), Lycée français François-Mitterrand (LfFM) and Maple Bear Canadian School. August 2016 will see the opening of a new international school - The British School of Brasilia. Brasília has two universities, three university centers, and many private colleges.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Sarajevo International School", "paragraph_text": "QSI International School of Sarajevo is an international school in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The language of instruction is English. The curriculum is based on US National Standards with the addition of three foreign languages. The school is funded by tuition fees. Students range from 3 to 18 years of age. The school's Director is Gale Stubbs. The school is located in Vogošća, a quiet suburb of Sarajevo. It has approximately 150 students, representing 37 nationalities.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 212, "question": "What other language has she sung?", "answer": "Spanish", "paragraph_support_idx": 1 }, { "id": 32333, "question": "Are students taught #1 in american schools?", "answer": "More than 1.4 million university students were enrolled in language courses", "paragraph_support_idx": 12 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Black Death", "paragraph_text": "The results of the Haensch study have since been confirmed and amended. Based on genetic evidence derived from Black Death victims in the East Smithfield burial site in England, Schuenemann et al. concluded in 2011 \"that the Black Death in medieval Europe was caused by a variant of Y. pestis that may no longer exist.\" A study published in Nature in October 2011 sequenced the genome of Y. pestis from plague victims and indicated that the strain that caused the Black Death is ancestral to most modern strains of the disease.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Pabellón Ciudad de Algeciras", "paragraph_text": "Pabellón Ciudad de Algeciras is an arena in Algeciras, Spain. It is primarily used for team handball and is the home arena of Algeciras BM. The arena holds 2,300 people.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Black Death in England", "paragraph_text": "The Black Death was a pneumonic plague pandemic, which reached England in June 1348. It was the first and most severe manifestation of the Second Pandemic, caused by Yersinia pestis bacteria. The term ``Black Death ''was not used until the late 17th century.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Black Death", "paragraph_text": "The Black Death, also known as the Great Plague, the Black Plague, or simply the Plague, was one of the most devastating pandemics in human history, resulting in the deaths of an estimated 75 to 200 million people in Eurasia and peaking in Europe from 1347 to 1351. The bacterium Yersinia pestis, which results in several forms of plague, is believed to have been the cause. The plague created a series of religious, social and economic upheavals, which had profound effects on the course of European history.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Black Death", "paragraph_text": "Gasquet (1908) claimed that the Latin name atra mors (Black Death) for the 14th-century epidemic first appeared in modern times in 1631 in a book on Danish history by J.I. Pontanus: \"Vulgo & ab effectu atram mortem vocatibant. (\"Commonly and from its effects, they called it the black death\"). The name spread through Scandinavia and then Germany, gradually becoming attached to the mid 14th-century epidemic as a proper name. In England, it was not until 1823 that the medieval epidemic was first called the Black Death.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Black Spectre", "paragraph_text": "The Black Spectre was Carson Knowles, a Vietnam War veteran whose father was a politician. Upon returning, he discovered that his wife left him and his son was killed. He couldn't get a job and decided to get revenge on the city since they turned his back on him when he needed it most. Inspired by Moon Knight, Knowles became the Black Spectre, a master criminal. He also decided to run for Mayor of New York City. Knowles was defeated by Moon Knight and sent to prison.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Black Death in England", "paragraph_text": "The Black Death was a bubonic plague pandemic, which reached England in June 1348. It was the first and most severe manifestation of the Second Pandemic, caused by Yersinia pestis bacteria. The term ``Black Death ''was not used until the late 17th century.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Multiracial Americans", "paragraph_text": "Chinese men entered the United States as laborers, primarily on the West Coast and in western territories. Following the Reconstruction era, as blacks set up independent farms, white planters imported Chinese laborers to satisfy their need for labor. In 1882, the Chinese Exclusion Act was passed, and Chinese workers who chose to stay in the U.S. were unable to have their wives join them. In the South, some Chinese married into the black and mulatto communities, as generally discrimination meant they did not take white spouses. They rapidly left working as laborers, and set up groceries in small towns throughout the South. They worked to get their children educated and socially mobile.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "René Lagrou", "paragraph_text": "In May 1946 his was one of three names on a 'black list' sent by the government of Belgium to Spain where he was in hiding, along with Léon Degrelle and Pierre Daye. Soon after he was condemned to death \"in absentia\" by the war crimes tribunal in Antwerp.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Zorrita Martinez", "paragraph_text": "Zorrita Martinez (Spanish:Zorrita Martínez) is a 1975 Spanish comedy drama film directed by Vicente Escrivá and starring José Luis López Vázquez, Nadiuska and Manuel Zarzo. A Venazeulan performer living in Spain, gets married so she can get a permit to stay in the country.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Game of Thrones (season 5)", "paragraph_text": "HBO ordered the fifth season on April 8, 2014, together with the sixth season, which began filming in July 2014. The season was filmed primarily in Ireland, Northern Ireland, Croatia and Spain.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Vorkreist", "paragraph_text": "Vorkreist is a French death/black metal band, based in Paris, who share members with the black metal bands Antaeus and Hell Militia. \"Vorkreist\" is a barbarism created by the band that supposedly means \"Antichrist\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Western black rhinoceros", "paragraph_text": "The western black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis longipes) or West African black rhinoceros is a subspecies of the black rhinoceros, declared extinct by the IUCN in 2011. The western black rhinoceros was believed to have been genetically different from other rhino subspecies. It was once widespread in the savanna of sub-Saharan Africa, but its numbers declined due to poaching. The western black rhinoceros resided primarily in Cameroon, but surveys since 2006 have failed to locate any individuals.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Spain", "paragraph_text": "Spain (Spanish: España [esˈpaɲa] (listen)), officially the Kingdom of Spain (Spanish: Reino de España), is a country mostly located in Europe. Its continental European territory is situated on the Iberian Peninsula. Its territory also includes two archipelagoes: the Canary Islands off the coast of Africa, and the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea. The African enclaves of Ceuta, Melilla, and Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera make Spain the only European country to have a physical border with an African country (Morocco). Several small islands in the Alboran Sea are also part of Spanish territory. The country's mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with Gibraltar; to the north and northeast by France, Andorra, and the Bay of Biscay; and to the west and northwest by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Spain Rodriguez", "paragraph_text": "Manuel Rodriguez (March 2, 1940 – November 28, 2012), better known as Spain or Spain Rodriguez, was an American underground cartoonist who created the character Trashman. His experiences on the road with the motorcycle club, the Road Vultures M.C., provided inspiration for his work, as did his left-wing politics. Strongly influenced by 1950s EC Comics illustrator Wally Wood, Spain pushed Wood's sharp, crisp black shadows and hard-edged black outlines into a more simplified, stylized direction. His work also extended the eroticism of Wood's female characters.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Polideportivo Huerta del Rey", "paragraph_text": "Polideportivo Huerta del Rey is an arena located in Valladolid, Spain. It is primarily used for team handball and is the home arena of BM Atlético Valladolid and BM Aula Cultural. From 1976 to 1985 it was the home of CB Valladolid in basketball, before moving to the Pabellón Polideportivo Pisuerga which is used by the handball team for European matches. The arena holds 3,500 people.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Casino Miami", "paragraph_text": "Casino Miami (formerly known as Miami Jai-Alai Fronton) is a 6,500-capacity indoor arena and casino located at 3500 NW 37th Avenue in Miami, Florida. It is primarily used for gambling, jai alai and concerts. Notable past performers include The Allman Brothers Band, Black Sabbath, Bruce Springsteen, Frank Sinatra and Grateful Dead.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Six Sigma", "paragraph_text": "Black Belts operate under Master Black Belts to apply Six Sigma methodology to specific projects. They devote 100% of their valued time to Six Sigma. They primarily focus on Six Sigma project execution and special leadership with special tasks, whereas Champions and Master Black Belts focus on identifying projects/functions for Six Sigma.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Acral necrosis", "paragraph_text": "Acral necrosis is a symptom common in bubonic plague. The striking black discoloration of skin and tissue, primarily on the extremities (``acral ''), is commonly thought to have given rise to the name`` Black Death,'' associated both with the disease and the pandemic which occurred in the 14th century. The term in fact came from the figural sense of ``black '', that is ghastly, lugubrious or dreadful.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Black Death", "paragraph_text": "In addition to arguing that the rat population was insufficient to account for a bubonic plague pandemic, sceptics of the bubonic plague theory point out that the symptoms of the Black Death are not unique (and arguably in some accounts may differ from bubonic plague); that transference via fleas in goods was likely to be of marginal significance; and that the DNA results may be flawed and might not have been repeated elsewhere, despite extensive samples from other mass graves. Other arguments include the lack of accounts of the death of rats before outbreaks of plague between the 14th and 17th centuries; temperatures that are too cold in northern Europe for the survival of fleas; that, despite primitive transport systems, the spread of the Black Death was much faster than that of modern bubonic plague; that mortality rates of the Black Death appear to be very high; that, while modern bubonic plague is largely endemic as a rural disease, the Black Death indiscriminately struck urban and rural areas; and that the pattern of the Black Death, with major outbreaks in the same areas separated by 5 to 15 years, differs from modern bubonic plague—which often becomes endemic for decades with annual flare-ups.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 158735, "question": "Where is Spain primarily located?", "answer": "Europe", "paragraph_support_idx": 13 }, { "id": 80242, "question": "when did the black death get to #1", "answer": "1347", "paragraph_support_idx": 3 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Kimarley McDonald", "paragraph_text": "Kimarley McDonald (born 2 September 1984) is a Jamaican footballer who last played for Antigua Barracuda FC in the USL Professional Division.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Christopher Knights", "paragraph_text": "Christopher Knights is an English voice actor, film editor and camera operator best known for providing the voice of Private the Penguin in Madagascar. He worked on several DreamWorks films Shrek, Shrek 2, Shrek the Third and Shrek 4 - D. He started his filming career at Amblimation studios and worked on We're Back! A Dinosaur's Story and Balto. When he joined DreamWorks he not only started his editing career but also his acting career. He worked on the Shrek series as an associate editor and voice of the Three Blind Mice and Thelonious, Lord Farquad's Henchman. He worked many times with another English cameraman and voice actor, Simon J. Smith.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Rest Your Love on Me", "paragraph_text": "``Rest Your Love on Me ''is a country ballad performed by the Bee Gees written and sung by Barry Gibb. It was the B - side of the US No. 1 hit`` Too Much Heaven''.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Dan Demole", "paragraph_text": "Dan Demole (born 1979) is an American entrepreneur, co-founder and COO of Jingle Punks Music. Jingle Punks has been featured in \"Billboard\", Variety and Business Week where it was named \"one of America's most promising start ups\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Princess Fiona", "paragraph_text": "Princess Fiona is a fictional main character who serves as the female lead in DreamWorks' animated Shrek film series. She made her first appearance in the first film in the franchise, Shrek (2001), voiced by American actress Cameron Diaz.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Shrek (franchise)", "paragraph_text": "The Shrek franchise from DreamWorks Animation, based on William Steig's picture book Shrek!, consists of four computer - animated films including: Shrek (2001), Shrek 2 (2004), Shrek the Third (2007), and Shrek Forever After (2010), with a fifth film planned for a 2019 or 2020 release. A short 4 - D film, Shrek 4 - D, which originally was a theme park ride, was released in 2003.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Choi Sung-hyun", "paragraph_text": "Choi Sung-Hyun (; born May 2, 1982) is a South Korean football player. He played for Jeju United, Gwangju Sangmu and Suwon Samsung Bluewings formerly. He related match-fixing scandal and his football career was rescinded.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Steve Karmen", "paragraph_text": "Steve Karmen (born January 31, 1937) is an American composer, most famous for several jingles. Among his better known works are the New York State song, ``I Love New York '', the jingle Here Comes the King for Budweiser, the Hershey's chocolate jingle The Great American Chocolate Bar, the Exxon Song Energy for a Strong America (1976), and Wrigley Spearmint Gum / Carry The Big Fresh Flavor (1973). He also composed several music scores for motion pictures during the 1960s, and performed briefly as a Calypso singer, achieving some recognition in Trinidad during that time. Karmen is the recipient of 16 Clio Awards.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Shrek 2", "paragraph_text": "Shrek 2 is a 2004 American computer - animated fantasy film produced by DreamWorks Animation and directed by Andrew Adamson, Kelly Asbury and Conrad Vernon. It is the sequel to 2001's Shrek, with Mike Myers, Eddie Murphy and Cameron Diaz reprising their respective voice roles of Shrek, Donkey, and Fiona from the first film, joined by Antonio Banderas, Julie Andrews, John Cleese, Rupert Everett, and Jennifer Saunders. Sometime after the first film, Shrek, Donkey and Fiona go to visit Fiona's parents (voiced by Andrews and Cleese), while Shrek and Donkey discover that a greedy Fairy God Mother (voiced by Saunders) is plotting to destroy Shrek and Fiona's marriage so Fiona can marry her son, Prince Charming (voiced by Everett). Shrek and Donkey team up with a swashbuckling cat named Puss in Boots (voiced by Banderas) to stop her.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "I Just Wanna Love U (Give It 2 Me)", "paragraph_text": "\"I Just Wanna Love U (Give It 2 Me)\" is a song by American rapper Jay-Z, released as the first single from his 2000 album \"\". It is produced by The Neptunes and features a chorus sung by Neptunes member Pharrell Williams, as well as Shay Haley and Omillio Sparks who all remain uncredited. The video for the song features cameos from rappers Lil' Kim, Lil' Cease, Damon Dash, Beanie Sigel, Memphis Bleek, Jermaine Dupri and actor John Witherspoon. A music video directed by David Meyers was made for \"I Just Wanna Love U.\"", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "See the USA in Your Chevrolet", "paragraph_text": "The song ``See The U.S.A. In Your Chevrolet ''(title as filed for 1950 copyright) is a commercial jingle from c. 1949, with lyrics and music by Leo Corday (ASCAP) and Leon Carr (ASCAP), written for the Chevrolet Division of General Motors. The song was the Chevrolet jingle sung on the show Inside U.S.A. with Chevrolet by Chevrolet's real - life husband - wife duo, Peter Lind Hayes and Mary Healy, years before it became associated with Dinah Shore through Chevrolet's decade - long sponsorship of her television shows. Dinah Shore sang the song after 1952, and it became something of a signature song for her. Later the song was also sung by male spokesman Pat Boone on his Pat Boone - Chevy Showroom (ABC) from 1957 through 1960. When the games of the Los Angeles Dodgers were televised in the 1960s, commercials were aired with the song sung by John Roseboro and Don Drysdale, whose singing careers, announcer Vin Scully said, were`` destined to go absolutely nowhere.''", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Shrek the Halls", "paragraph_text": "Shrek the Halls is an American Christmas computer-animated comedy television special that premiered on the American television network ABC on Wednesday, November 28, 2007. The thirty minute Christmas special was directed by Gary Trousdale and produced by DreamWorks Animation. Mike Myers, Eddie Murphy, Cameron Diaz and Antonio Banderas reprised their roles from the feature films. This Christmas special takes place between \"Shrek the Third\" and \"Shrek Forever After\". This television special was based on the children's book \"Shrek!\" by the writer William Steig, was published on October 17, 1990.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Holding Out for a Hero", "paragraph_text": "Japanese singer Miki Asakura recorded the song in Japanese as ヒーロー HOLDING OUT FOR A HERO in 1984. Elizabeth Daily recorded the song as the series theme song to the TV series Cover Up. Jennifer Saunders recorded the song for the 2004 film Shrek 2. It was also featured on the associated soundtrack. Frou Frou also recorded an alternatively tuned version of the song for Shrek 2 which appears during the film credits and in the soundtrack. American Post-Hardcore band Emery also did a cover for the 2005 Fearless Records compilation Punk Goes 80's. Ella Mae Bowen recorded a country version of the song which appeared on the soundtrack to the 2011 remake of Footloose.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Shrek the Third", "paragraph_text": "Shrek the Third is a 2007 American computer - animated fantasy comedy film and the third installment in the Shrek franchise, produced by DreamWorks Animation. It is the sequel to 2004's Shrek 2, and is the first in the series to be distributed by Paramount Pictures, which acquired DreamWorks Pictures, the former parent of DreamWorks Animation, in 2006. Chris Miller and Raman Hui directed and co-directed the film, respectively, with the former also co-writing the screenplay with Jeffrey Price, Peter S. Seaman, and Aron Warner. In addition to Mike Myers, Eddie Murphy, Cameron Diaz, Antonio Banderas, Rupert Everett, Julie Andrews, and John Cleese, who reprise their roles from Shrek 2, the film also features Justin Timberlake in the role of Arthur Pendragon and Eric Idle as Merlin. Harry Gregson - Williams composed the original music for the film. The story takes place eight months after the marriage of Shrek and Fiona in the first film. Reluctantly reigning over the kingdom of Far, Far Away, Shrek sets out to find the next heir to the throne -- Fiona's cousin Artie, while Prince Charming is plotting to overthrow Shrek and become king.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Shrek!", "paragraph_text": "Shrek! is a picture book published in 1990 by American book writer and cartoonist William Steig, about a repugnant and monstrous green creature who leaves home to see the world and ends up saving a princess. The name \"Shrek\" is the romanization of the Yiddish word שרעק, corresponding to German \"\" and meaning \"fear\" or \"fright\", but also used as a common exclamation, often in the form \"Oy Shrek!\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "I'm Lovin' It (song)", "paragraph_text": "``I'm Lovin 'It ''is a song recorded by American singer - songwriter Justin Timberlake. The song was produced by The Neptunes and is credited as being written by Pharrell Williams, Tom Batoy, Andreas Forberger and Franco Tortora.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Kung Fu Panda", "paragraph_text": "Kung Fu Panda premiered in the United States on June 6, 2008. The film received positive reviews upon release. Kung Fu Panda opened in 4,114 theaters, grossing $20.3 million on its opening day and $60.2 million on its opening weekend, resulting in the number one position at the box office. The film became DreamWorks' biggest opening for a non-sequel film, the highest grossing animated film of the year worldwide, and also had the fourth - largest opening weekend for a DreamWorks animated film at the American and Canadian box office, behind Shrek 2, Shrek the Third, and Shrek Forever After.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Shrek", "paragraph_text": "\"Shrek\" premiered at the 2001 Cannes Film Festival, where it competed for the Palme d'Or, making it the first animated film since Disney's \"Peter Pan\" (1953) to receive that honor. It was widely praised as an animated film that featured adult-oriented humor and themes, while catering to children at the same time. The film was theatrically released in the United States on May 18, 2001, and grossed $484.4 million worldwide against production budget of $60 million. \"Shrek\" won the first ever Academy Award for Best Animated Feature and was also nominated for Best Adapted Screenplay. It also earned six award nominations from the British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA), ultimately winning Best Adapted Screenplay. The film's success helped establish DreamWorks Animation as a prime competitor to Pixar in feature film computer animation, and three sequels were released—\"Shrek 2\" (2004), \"Shrek the Third\" (2007), and \"Shrek Forever After\" (2010)—along with two holiday specials, a spin-off film, and a stage musical that kickstarted the \"Shrek\" franchise. Although plans for a fifth film were cancelled prior to the fourth film's release, the project was revived in 2016 and has since stalled, with production and a potential release date getting pushed back.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Too Darn Hot", "paragraph_text": "``Too Darn Hot ''is a song written by Cole Porter for his musical Kiss Me, Kate (1948). In the stage version, it is sung at the start of Act 2, and in the 1948 original Broadway production, it was sung by Lorenzo Fuller (as Paul) and Eddie Sledge and Fred Davis (as the specialty dancers), leading the full company. In the 1953 MGM Hollywood film version, it is moved to a much earlier point, and it is sung by Ann Miller (as Lois Lane, Fred's new girlfriend, who is cast as Bianca). The song does not really contribute to the plot in either the stage or film versions; in the stage version, the song represents the company of The Taming of the Shrew taking a break offstage during the intermission of their play; in the film version it allows the audience to see Lois's fun - loving, risk - taking nature, and gave Ann Miller a chance to show off her dancing skills, specifically tap. The line 'According to the Kinsey report' (in the original stage production) was changed in the film version to 'According to the latest report'. The song has also been covered by many artists.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Melody of Love (TV series)", "paragraph_text": "Melody of Love () is a 2013 South Korean daily drama television series starring Kim Da-som, Baek Sung-hyun, Hwang Sun-hee, Kim Hyung-jun and Kwak Hee-sung. It aired on KBS1 from November 4, 2013 to June 6, 2014 on Mondays to Fridays at 20:20 for 151 episodes.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 71486, "question": "who has sung the mcdonald's jingle i am loving it", "answer": "Justin Timberlake", "paragraph_support_idx": 15 }, { "id": 58828, "question": "who does #1 play in shrek 2", "answer": "Arthur Pendragon", "paragraph_support_idx": 13 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "University of Mississippi Medical Center", "paragraph_text": "University of Mississippi Medical Center (UMMC) is the health sciences campus of the University of Mississippi (Ole Miss) and is located in Jackson, Mississippi, United States. UMMC, also referred to as the Medical Center, is the state's only academic medical center.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Saint Barthélemy", "paragraph_text": "The island covers an area of 25 square kilometres (2,500 ha). The eastern side is wetter than the western. Although the climate is essentially arid, the rainfall does average 1000 mm annually, but with considerable variation over the terrain. Summer is from May to November, which is also the rainy season. Winter from December to April is the dry season. Sunshine is very prominent for nearly the entire year and even during the rainy season. Humidity, however, is not very high due to the winds. The average temperature is around 25 °C with day temperatures rising to 32 °C. The average high and low temperatures in January are 28 °C and 22 °C, respectively, while in July they are 30 °C and 24 °C. The lowest night temperature recorded is 13 °C. The Caribbean sea waters in the vicinity generally maintain a temperature of about 27 °C.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Cambridge Medical Center", "paragraph_text": "Cambridge Medical Center is a regional health care facility providing comprehensive health care services to more than 30,000 residents in Isanti County, Minnesota, United States. The medical center comprises a multi-specialty clinic and an 86-bed hospital located on one campus. A same day clinic, retail pharmacy, therapy center and eye care center are also located in the facility.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Boston", "paragraph_text": "Many of Boston's medical facilities are associated with universities. The facilities in the Longwood Medical and Academic Area and in Massachusetts General Hospital are affiliated with Harvard Medical School. Tufts Medical Center (formerly Tufts-New England Medical Center), located in the southern portion of the Chinatown neighborhood, is affiliated with Tufts University School of Medicine. Boston Medical Center, located in the South End neighborhood, is the primary teaching facility for the Boston University School of Medicine as well as the largest trauma center in the Boston area; it was formed by the merger of Boston University Hospital and Boston City Hospital, which was the first municipal hospital in the United States.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Russkaya Station", "paragraph_text": "For the shore of Antarctica, the winds are considered to be rather strong. The average number of days per year with wind speeds of over in the area around the station is 264, and on 136 of those the wind speed is over . The average temperature in the coldest months of July–August is ; in the warmest months of December–January it is . The lowest temperature ever recorded at the station was in 1985, and the warmest was in 1983. The average overall temperature over the course of a year is , and the average amount of snowfall is around .", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Cyprus", "paragraph_text": "Cyprus has one of the warmest climates in the Mediterranean part of the European Union.[citation needed] The average annual temperature on the coast is around 24 °C (75 °F) during the day and 14 °C (57 °F) at night. Generally, summers last about eight months, beginning in April with average temperatures of 21–23 °C (70–73 °F) during the day and 11–13 °C (52–55 °F) at night, and ending in November with average temperatures of 22–23 °C (72–73 °F) during the day and 12–14 °C (54–57 °F) at night, although in the remaining four months temperatures sometimes exceed 20 °C (68 °F).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Climate of Minnesota", "paragraph_text": "Autumn weather in Minnesota is marked by the rapid decrease of severe thunderstorms, dramatic cooling, and eventually the possibility of blizzards. With summer - time heat still prevalent in the southern U.S. and colder air quickly taking hold in Canada, Minnesota can be affected by wide temperature swings in short periods of time. Because of this, the jet stream, which tends to weaken during the summer months, begins to re-strengthen. This leads to quicker changes in weather patterns and increasingly strong storm systems. As autumn moves on, these storm systems bring with them progressively colder air, eventually changing the rain over snow, generally starting in October in the northern part of the state and November in the south. From September to December the average temperature in the state falls by approximately 43 ° F (23 ° C), the largest such temperature swing within any Minnesota season.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Istanbul", "paragraph_text": "Istanbul's persistently high humidity reaches 80 percent most mornings. Because of this, fog is very common, although more so in northern parts of the city and away from the city center. Dense fog disrupts transportation in the region, including on the Bosphorus, and is common during the autumn and winter months when the humidity remains high into the afternoon. The humid conditions and the fog tend to dissipate by midday during the summer months, but the lingering humidity exacerbates the moderately high summer temperatures. During these summer months, high temperatures average around 29 °C (84 °F) and rainfall is uncommon; there are only about fifteen days with measurable precipitation between June and August. The summer months also have the highest concentration of thunderstorms.Winter is colder in Istanbul than in most other cities around the Mediterranean Basin, with low temperatures averaging 1–4 °C (34–39 °F). Lake-effect snow from the Black Sea is common, although difficult to forecast, with the potential to be heavy and—as with the fog—disruptive to the city's infrastructure. Spring and autumn are mild, but often wet and unpredictable; chilly winds from the northwest and warm gusts from the south—sometimes in the same day—tend to cause fluctuations in temperature. Overall, Istanbul has an annual average of 130 days with significant precipitation, which amounts to 810 millimeters (31.9 in) per year. The highest and lowest temperatures ever recorded in the city center on the Marmara coast are 40.5 °C (105 °F) and −16.1 °C (3 °F). The greatest rainfall recorded in a day is 227 millimeters (8.9 in), and the highest recorded snow cover is 80 centimeters (31 in).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Valencia", "paragraph_text": "Its average annual temperature is 18.4 °C (65.1 °F). 22.8 °C (73.0 °F) during the day and 13.8 °C (56.8 °F) at night. In the coldest month – January, the maximum temperature typically during the day ranges from 13 to 21 °C (55 to 70 °F), the minimum temperature typically at night ranges from 4 to 12 °C (39 to 54 °F). In the warmest month – August, the maximum temperature during the day typically ranges from 28–34 °C (82–93 °F), about 23 °C (73 °F) at night. Generally, temperatures similar to those experienced in the northern part of Europe in summer last about 8 months, from April to November. March is transitional, the temperature often exceeds 20 °C (68 °F), with an average temperature of 19.0 °C (66 °F) during the day and 10.0 °C (50 °F) at night. December, January and February are the coldest months, with average temperatures around 17 °C (63 °F) during the day and 7 °C (45 °F) at night. Valencia has one of the mildest winters in Europe, owing to its southern location on the Mediterranean Sea and the Foehn phenomenon. The January average is comparable to temperatures expected for May and September in the major cities of northern Europe.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Tennessee", "paragraph_text": "Summers in the state are generally hot and humid, with most of the state averaging a high of around 90 °F (32 °C) during the summer months. Winters tend to be mild to cool, increasing in coolness at higher elevations. Generally, for areas outside the highest mountains, the average overnight lows are near freezing for most of the state. The highest recorded temperature is 113 °F (45 °C) at Perryville on August 9, 1930 while the lowest recorded temperature is −32 °F (−36 °C) at Mountain City on December 30, 1917.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Climate of Missouri", "paragraph_text": "Summer, June through August, is the hottest time of the year with a mean temperature of 24 ° C (75 ° F) and a mean precipitation of 300 mm (12 inches) with June having more precipitation than either July or August. The extreme highs for the year often occur in July or August. Tropical cyclones and their remains can impact the state during this time of the year, contributing to area rainfall.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Oklahoma City", "paragraph_text": "OU Medicine, an academic medical institution located on the campus of The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, is home to OU Medical Center. OU Medicine operates Oklahoma's only level-one trauma center at the OU Medical Center and the state's only level-one trauma center for children at Children's Hospital at OU Medicine, both of which are located in the Oklahoma Health Center district. Other medical facilities operated by OU Medicine include OU Physicians and OU Children's Physicians, the OU College of Medicine, the Oklahoma Cancer Center and OU Medical Center Edmond, the latter being located in the northern suburb of Edmond.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Centerpoint Medical Center", "paragraph_text": "Centerpoint Medical Center is a hospital located in Independence, Missouri at 19600 East 39th Street. It is part of the HCA Midwest Division.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Phoenix, Arizona", "paragraph_text": "Phoenix has a hot desert climate (Köppen climate classification BWh), typical of the Sonoran Desert. Phoenix has long, extremely hot summers and short, mild to warm winters. The city is located within the sunniest region in the world. Measuring 3,872 hours of bright sunshine annually, Phoenix receives the most sunshine of any major city on Earth. Average high temperatures in summer are the hottest of any major city in the United States. On average, there are 107 days annually with a high of at least 100 ° F (38 ° C) including most days from late May through early October. Highs top 110 ° F (43 ° C) an average of 18 days during the year. On June 26, 1990, the temperature reached an all - time recorded high of 122 ° F (50 ° C). Despite the city's claim to the most extreme heat in summer, however, it does not have the highest average annual temperature in the contiguous United States. In that respect, it comes second to Miami; Phoenix has an average daily temperature of 75 ° F (24 ° C), compared to Miami's 77 ° F (25 ° C).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Charleston, South Carolina", "paragraph_text": "Charleston is the primary medical center for the eastern portion of the state. The city has several major hospitals located in the downtown area: Medical University of South Carolina Medical Center (MUSC), Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, and Roper Hospital. MUSC is the state's first school of medicine, the largest medical university in the state, and the sixth-oldest continually operating school of medicine in the United States. The downtown medical district is experiencing rapid growth of biotechnology and medical research industries coupled with substantial expansions of all the major hospitals. Additionally, more expansions are planned or underway at another major hospital located in the West Ashley portion of the city: Bon Secours-St Francis Xavier Hospital. The Trident Regional Medical Center located in the City of North Charleston and East Cooper Regional Medical Center located in Mount Pleasant also serve the needs of residents of the city of Charleston.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Palermo", "paragraph_text": "Palermo experiences a hot-summer Mediterranean climate (Köppen climate classification: Csa). Winters are cool and wet, while summers are hot and dry. Temperatures in autumn and spring are usually mild. Palermo is one of the warmest cities in Europe (mainly due to its warm nights), with an average annual air temperature of 18.5 °C (65.3 °F). It receives approximately 2,530 hours of sunshine per year. Snow is usually a rare occurrence, but it does occur occasionally if there is a cold front, as the Apennines are too distant to protect the island from cold winds blowing from the Balkans, and the mountains surrounding the city facilite the formation of snow accumulation in Palermo, especially at night. Between the 1940s and the 2000s there have been eleven times when considerable snowfall has occurred: In 1949, in 1956, when the minimum temperature went down to 0 °C (32 °F) and the city was blanketed by several centimeters of snow. Snow also occurred in 1999, 2009 and 2015. The average annual temperature of the sea is above 19 °C (66 °F); from 14 °C (57 °F) in February to 26 °C (79 °F) in August. In the period from May to November, the average sea temperature exceeds 18 °C (64 °F) and in the period from June to October, the average sea temperature exceeds 21 °C (70 °F).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Oklahoma", "paragraph_text": "All of the state frequently experiences temperatures above 100 °F (38 °C) or below 0 °F (−18 °C), though below-zero temperatures are rare in south-central and southeastern Oklahoma. Snowfall ranges from an average of less than 4 inches (10 cm) in the south to just over 20 inches (51 cm) on the border of Colorado in the panhandle. The state is home to the Storm Prediction Center, the National Severe Storms Laboratory, and the Warning Decision Training Branch, all part of the National Weather Service and located in Norman. Oklahoma's highest recorded temperature of 120 °F (49 °C) was recorded at Tipton on June 27, 1994 and the lowest recorded temperature of −31 °F (−35 °C) was recorded at Nowata on February 10, 2011.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Jacksonville, Florida", "paragraph_text": "Mean monthly temperatures range from around 53 F in January to 82 F in July. High temperatures average 64 to 92 °F (18 to 33 °C) throughout the year. High heat indices are common for the summer months in the area, with indices above 110 °F (43.3 °C) possible. The highest temperature recorded was 104 °F (40 °C) on July 11, 1879 and July 28, 1872. It is common for thunderstorms to erupt during a typical summer afternoon. These are caused by the rapid heating of the land relative to the water, combined with extremely high humidity.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "OSF Saint Francis Medical Center", "paragraph_text": "OSF Saint Francis Medical Center, located in Peoria, Illinois, United States, is a teaching hospital for the University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria and part of the OSF Healthcare System. The Center, which is the largest hospital in the Peoria metropolitan area and in central Illinois, is designated by the state of Illinois as the Level I adult and pediatric regional trauma center for a 26-county region in mid-Illinois. OSF Saint Francis owns the Children's Hospital of Illinois (though the Hospital has its own President), the OSF Saint Francis Heart Hospital, the Illinois Neurological Institute, and the OSF Saint Francis Medical Center College of Nursing, which are all located either in or near the Medical Center. The hospital is a clinical training hospital for many medical students, interns, residents, and fellows of the Peoria campus of the University of Illinois College of Medicine.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Climate of Islamabad", "paragraph_text": "The climate of Islamabad has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classifion, with five seasons: Winter (Nov − Feb), Spring (March − April), Summer (May − June), Rainy Monsoon (July − August) and Autumn (September − October). The hottest month is June, where average highs routinely exceed 38 ° C (100.4 ° F). The wettest month is July, with heavy rainfall and evening thunderstorms with the possibility of cloudburst. The coolest month is January, with temperatures variable by location. In Islamabad, temperatures vary from cold to mild, routinely dropping below zero. In the hills there is sparse snowfall. The weather ranges from a minimum of − 3.9 ° C (25.0 ° F) in January to a maximum of 46.1 ° C (115.0 ° F) in June. The average low is 2 ° C (35.6 ° F) in January, while the average high is 38.1 ° C (100.6 ° F) in June. The highest temperature recorded was 46.5 ° C (115.7 ° F) in June, while the lowest temperature was − 4 ° C (24.8 ° F) in January. On 23 July 2001, Islamabad received a record breaking 620 millimetres (24 in) of rain fell in just 10 hours. It was the heaviest rainfall in 24 hours in Islamabad and at any locality in Pakistan during the past 100 years. Following is the weather observed over Islamabad Airport, which is actually located in Rawalpindi.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 129127, "question": "In which state is Centerpoint Medical Center located?", "answer": "Missouri", "paragraph_support_idx": 12 }, { "id": 90527, "question": "what is the average summer temperature in #1", "answer": "75 ° F", "paragraph_support_idx": 10 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Human Rights Day", "paragraph_text": "The date was chosen to honour the United Nations General Assembly's adoption and proclamation, on 10 December 1948, of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), the first global enunciation of human rights and one of the first major achievements of the new United Nations. The formal establishment of Human Rights Day occurred at the 317th Plenary Meeting of the General Assembly on 4 December 1950, when the General Assembly declared resolution 423(V), inviting all member states and any other interested organizations to celebrate the day as they saw fit.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Right to family life", "paragraph_text": "The right to family life is the right of all individuals to have their established family life respected, and to have and maintain family relationships. This right is recognised in a variety of international human rights instruments, including Article 16 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Article 23 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, and Article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Convention on the Rights of the Child", "paragraph_text": "The UN General Assembly adopted the Convention and opened it for signature on 20 November 1989 (the 30th anniversary of its Declaration of the Rights of the Child). It came into force on 2 September 1990, after it was ratified by the required number of nations. Currently, 196 countries are party to it, including every member of the United Nations except the United States.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Human Rights Act 1998", "paragraph_text": "The Human Rights Act 1998 (c42) is an Act of Parliament of the United Kingdom which received Royal Assent on 9 November 1998, and mostly came into force on 2 October 2000. Its aim was to incorporate into UK law the rights contained in the European Convention on Human Rights. The Act makes a remedy for breach of a Convention right available in UK courts, without the need to go to the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) in Strasbourg.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Human rights in the Philippines", "paragraph_text": "The Philippines is a signatory to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) drafted by the United Nations (UN) in the 1948. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights was adopted, alongside the Genocide Convention and the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, by the United Nations in response to the tragic and horrendous violations of human rights during the Second World War. The United Nations Charter, a treaty, was created in order to define what roles, powers, and duties the United Nations is allowed to practice in dealing with international relations. Article I of the UN Charter states that the UN aims:", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "European Convention on Human Rights", "paragraph_text": "The European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) (formally the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms) is an international treaty to protect human rights and fundamental freedoms in Europe. Drafted in 1950 by the then newly formed Council of Europe, the convention entered into force on 3 September 1953. All Council of Europe member states are party to the Convention and new members are expected to ratify the convention at the earliest opportunity.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Seneca Falls Convention", "paragraph_text": "The Seneca Falls Convention was the first women's rights convention. It advertised itself as ``a convention to discuss the social, civil, and religious condition and rights of woman ''. Held in Seneca Falls, New York, it spanned two days over July 19 -- 20, 1848. Attracting widespread attention, it was soon followed by other women's rights conventions, including the Rochester Women's Rights Convention in Rochester, New York, two weeks later. In 1850 the first in a series of annual National Women's Rights Conventions met in Worcester, Massachusetts.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "International human rights law", "paragraph_text": "In 2006, the United Nations Commission on Human Rights was replaced with the United Nations Human Rights Council for the enforcement of international human rights law.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "David Cingranelli", "paragraph_text": "David Cingranelli is a professor of Political Science at Binghamton University. He received his Ph.D. from the University of Pennsylvania in 1977. He conducts global, comparative, econometric research examining the causes and consequences of variation in government respect for various human rights. His 2007 book with Rodwan Abouharb, \"Human Rights and Structural Adjustment,\" demonstrated the negative human rights impacts of World Bank and IMF program lending in developing countries. His current research examines how constitutional design and other factors can provide incentives to politicians to enact policies protecting human rights including labor rights. He is a former president of the Human Rights Section of the American Political Science Association. Until 2013, he served as the co-director of the Cingranelli and Richards (CIRI) Human Rights Data Project.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Human Rights Act 1998", "paragraph_text": "The Human Rights Act places a duty on all courts and tribunals in the United Kingdom to interpret legislation so far as possible in a way compatible with the rights laid down in the European Convention on Human Rights (section 3 (1)). Where this is not possible, the court may issue a ``declaration of incompatibility ''. The declaration does not invalidate the legislation, but permits the amendment of the legislation by a special fast - track procedure under section 10 of the Act. As of August 2006, 20 declarations had been made, of which six were overturned on appeal.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities", "paragraph_text": "The Convention follows the civil law tradition, with a preamble, in which the principle that ``all human rights are universal, indivisible, interdependent and interrelated ''of Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action is cited, followed by 50 articles. Unlike many UN covenants and conventions, it is not formally divided into parts.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "European Union law", "paragraph_text": "None of the original treaties establishing the European Union mention protection for fundamental rights. It was not envisaged for European Union measures, that is legislative and administrative actions by European Union institutions, to be subject to human rights. At the time the only concern was that member states should be prevented from violating human rights, hence the establishment of the European Convention on Human Rights in 1950 and the establishment of the European Court of Human Rights. The European Court of Justice recognised fundamental rights as general principle of European Union law as the need to ensure that European Union measures are compatible with the human rights enshrined in member states' constitution became ever more apparent. In 1999 the European Council set up a body tasked with drafting a European Charter of Human Rights, which could form the constitutional basis for the European Union and as such tailored specifically to apply to the European Union and its institutions. The Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union draws a list of fundamental rights from the European Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, the Declaration on Fundamental Rights produced by the European Parliament in 1989 and European Union Treaties.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Caryl M. Stern", "paragraph_text": "Caryl M. Stern (born October 30, 1957) is an American author, child advocate, civil and human rights activist, and non-profit executive.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Universal Declaration of Human Rights", "paragraph_text": "The Declaration consists of thirty articles affirming an individual's rights which, although not legally binding in themselves, have been elaborated in subsequent international treaties, economic transfers, regional human rights instruments, national constitutions, and other laws. The Declaration was the first step in the process of formulating the International Bill of Human Rights, which was completed in 1966, and came into force in 1976, after a sufficient number of countries had ratified them.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Universal Declaration of Human Rights", "paragraph_text": "The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly at its 3rd session on 10 December 1948 as Resolution 217 at the Palais de Chaillot in Paris, France. Of the then 58 members of the United Nations, 48 voted in favor, none against, eight abstained, and two did n't vote.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Inter-American Court of Human Rights", "paragraph_text": "The Organization of American States established the Court in 1979 to enforce and interpret the provisions of the American Convention on Human Rights. Its two main functions are thus adjudicatory and advisory. Under the former, it hears and rules on the specific cases of human rights violations referred to it. Under the latter, it issues opinions on matters of legal interpretation brought to its attention by other OAS bodies or member states.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen", "paragraph_text": "The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen (French: Déclaration des droits de l'homme et du citoyen), passed by France's National Constituent Assembly in August 1789, is a important document of the French Revolution and in the history of human and civil rights. The Declaration was directly influenced by Thomas Jefferson, working with General Lafayette, who introduced it. Influenced also by the doctrine of ``natural right '', the rights of man are held to be universal: valid at all times and in every place, pertaining to human nature itself. It became the basis for a nation of free individuals protected equally by the law. It is included in the beginning of the constitutions of both the Fourth French Republic (1946) and Fifth Republic (1958) and is still current. Inspired by the Enlightenment philosophers, the Declaration was a core statement of the values of the French Revolution and had a major impact on the development of freedom and democracy in Europe and worldwide.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Convention on the Rights of the Child", "paragraph_text": "Convention on the Rights of the Child Parties to the convention Only signed, but not ratified Non-signatory Signed 20 November 1989 Location New York City Effective 2 September 1990 Condition 20 ratifications Signatories 140 Parties 196 (all eligible states except the United States) Depositary UN Secretary - General Languages Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian, Spanish UN Convention on the Rights of the Child at Wikisource", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 18, "title": "History of human rights", "paragraph_text": "While belief in the sanctity of human life has ancient precedents in many religions of the world, the idea of modern human rights began during the era of renaissance humanism in the early modern period. The European wars of religion and the civil wars of seventeenth - century England gave rise to the philosophy of liberalism and belief in human rights became a central concern of European intellectual culture during the eighteenth - century Age of Enlightenment. These ideas of human rights lay at the core of the American and French Revolutions which occurred toward the end of that century. Democratic evolution through the nineteenth century paved the way for the advent of universal suffrage in the twentieth century. Two world wars led to the creation of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Thomas J. Dodd Prize in International Justice and Human Rights", "paragraph_text": "The Thomas J. Dodd Prize in International Justice and Human Rights is awarded biennially by the University of Connecticut to an individual or group who has made a significant effort to advance the cause of international justice and global human rights. The Prize will be awarded again in Fall 2009.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 77985, "question": "who uses the universal declaration of human rights", "answer": "the United Nations", "paragraph_support_idx": 14 }, { "id": 92922, "question": "when was #1 convention on the rights of the child created", "answer": "20 November 1989", "paragraph_support_idx": 17 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Conneaut Creek", "paragraph_text": "Conneaut Creek is a tributary of Lake Erie in northwestern Pennsylvania and northeastern Ohio in the United States. Via Lake Erie, the Niagara River and Lake Ontario, it is part of the watershed of the St. Lawrence River, which flows to the Atlantic Ocean.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Pike Lake Unit, Kettle Moraine State Forest", "paragraph_text": "The Pike Lake Unit of the Kettle Moraine State Forest is a unit of the Wisconsin state park system. The unit is located just east of Hartford, Wisconsin on State Highway 60, on the east shore of the Pike Lake. It was dedicated by Wisconsin governor Patrick J. Lucey in June 1971.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Crawford Lake (Sudbury District)", "paragraph_text": "Crawford Lake is a lake in the Moose River drainage basin in Sudbury District, Ontario, Canada. It is about long and wide, and lies at an elevation of about south of Ontario Highway 101 and west of Ontario Highway 144.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Murphy Lake (Washington County, Wisconsin)", "paragraph_text": "Murphy Lake is a lake in Washington County, Wisconsin, United States. Murphy Lake lies at an elevation of 974 feet (297 m).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Great Lakes", "paragraph_text": "Though the five lakes reside in separate basins, they form a single, naturally interconnected body of fresh water, within the Great Lakes Basin. The lakes form a chain connecting the east - central interior of North America to the Atlantic Ocean. From the interior to the outlet at the Saint Lawrence River, water flows from Superior to Huron and Michigan, southward to Erie, and finally northward to Lake Ontario. The lakes drain a large watershed via many rivers, and are studded with approximately 35,000 islands. There are also several thousand smaller lakes, often called ``inland lakes, ''within the basin. The surface area of the five primary lakes combined is roughly equal to the size of the United Kingdom, while the surface area of the entire basin (the lakes and the land they drain) is about the size of the UK and France combined. Lake Michigan is the only one of the Great Lakes that is located entirely within the United States; the others form a water boundary between the United States and Canada. The lakes are divided among the jurisdictions of the Canadian province of Ontario and the U.S. states of Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and New York. Both Ontario and Michigan include in their boundaries portions of four of the lakes: Ontario does not border Lake Michigan, and Michigan does not border Lake Ontario. New York and Wisconsin's jurisdictions extend into two lakes, and the remaining states into one of the lakes.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Elizabeth Lake (Glacier County, Montana)", "paragraph_text": "Elizabeth Lake is located in Glacier National Park, in the U. S. state of Montana. Elizabeth Lake lies along the Belly River and is more than downstream from Helen Lake.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Great Lakes", "paragraph_text": "Though the five lakes lie in separate basins, they form a single, naturally interconnected body of fresh water, within the Great Lakes Basin. They form a chain connecting the east - central interior of North America to the Atlantic Ocean. From the interior to the outlet at the Saint Lawrence River, water flows from Superior to Huron and Michigan, southward to Erie, and finally northward to Lake Ontario. The lakes drain a large watershed via many rivers, and are studded with approximately 35,000 islands. There are also several thousand smaller lakes, often called ``inland lakes, ''within the basin. The surface area of the five primary lakes combined is roughly equal to the size of the United Kingdom, while the surface area of the entire basin (the lakes and the land they drain) is about the size of the UK and France combined. Lake Michigan is the only one of the Great Lakes that is located entirely within the United States; the others form a water boundary between the United States and Canada. The lakes are divided among the jurisdictions of the Canadian province of Ontario and the U.S. states of Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and New York. Both Ontario and Michigan include in their boundaries portions of four of the lakes: Ontario does not border Lake Michigan, and Michigan does not border Lake Ontario. New York and Wisconsin's jurisdictions extend into two lakes, and each of the remaining states into one of the lakes.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Chikaming Township, Michigan", "paragraph_text": "Chikaming Township is a civil township of Berrien County in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2010 census, the township population was 3,100. The township is located in the west central portion of the county. Lake Michigan lies to the northwest, Lake Township is to the north and northeast, Weesaw Township is to the east, Three Oaks Township is to the south, and New Buffalo Township is to the southwest.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Ronan, Montana", "paragraph_text": "Ronan (Salish: ocqʔetkʷ) is a city in Lake County, Montana, United States. It lies on the Flathead Indian Reservation about 12 miles south of Flathead Lake in the northwestern part of the state. The population was 1,871 at the 2010 census.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "New Pine Creek, Oregon", "paragraph_text": "New Pine Creek is a census-designated place and unincorporated community in Lake County, Oregon, United States. Although it is unincorporated, it has a post office with a ZIP code of 97635. New Pine Creek lies on U.S. Route 395 at the Oregon–California border, just north of New Pine Creek, California, and east of Goose Lake.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Lake Ontario", "paragraph_text": "Lake Ontario is one of the five Great Lakes of North America. It is surrounded on the north, west, and southwest by the Canadian province of Ontario, and on the south and east by the American state of New York, whose water boundaries meet in the middle of the lake. Ontario, Canada's most populous province, was named for the lake. Many of Ontario's most populous cities, including Toronto, Canada's most populous city, and Hamilton, are on the lake's northern or western shores. In the Huron language, the name Ontarí'io means \"Lake of Shining Waters\". Its primary inlet is the Niagara River from Lake Erie. The last in the Great Lakes chain, Lake Ontario serves as the outlet to the Atlantic Ocean via the Saint Lawrence River. It is the only Great Lake not to border the state of Michigan.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Pigeon River (Minnesota–Ontario)", "paragraph_text": "The Pigeon River forms part of the Canada–United States border between the state of Minnesota and the province of Ontario, west of Lake Superior. In pre-industrial times the river was a waterway of great importance for transportation and the fur trade.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "High Cliff State Park", "paragraph_text": "High Cliff State Park is a Wisconsin state park near Sherwood, Wisconsin. It is the only state-owned recreation area located on Lake Winnebago. The park got its name from cliffs of the Niagara Escarpment, a land formation east of the shore of Lake Winnebago that stretches north through northeast Wisconsin, Upper Michigan, and Ontario to Niagara Falls and New York State.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Genesee River", "paragraph_text": "The Genesee River is a tributary of Lake Ontario flowing northward through the Twin Tiers of Pennsylvania and New York in the United States.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "New York (state)", "paragraph_text": "About one - third of the battles of the American Revolutionary War took place in New York; the first major battle after U.S. independence was declared -- and the largest battle of the entire war -- was fought in New York at the Battle of Long Island (a.k.a. Battle of Brooklyn) in August 1776. After their victory, the British occupied New York City, making it their military and political base of operations in North America for the duration of the conflict, and consequently the focus of General George Washington's intelligence network. On the notorious British prison ships of Wallabout Bay, more American combatants died of intentional neglect than were killed in combat in every battle of the war combined. Both sides of combatants lost more soldiers to disease than to outright wounds. The first of two major British armies were captured by the Continental Army at the Battle of Saratoga in 1777, a success that influenced France to ally with the revolutionaries. The state constitution was enacted in 1777. New York became the 11th state to ratify the United States Constitution, on July 26, 1788.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Murphy Lake (Kaufman County, Texas)", "paragraph_text": "Murphy Lake is a reservoir in Kaufman County, Texas, United States. Murphy Lake lies at an elevation of 374 feet (114 m).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Powwow Pond", "paragraph_text": "Powwow Pond is a water body in Rockingham County in southeastern New Hampshire, United States. The outlet of the pond is located in the town of East Kingston, but most of the lake lies in the town of Kingston. The Powwow River, the outlet of the pond, flows to the Merrimack River in Amesbury, Massachusetts.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Summit Lake (Goudreau, Ontario)", "paragraph_text": "Summit Lake is a lake in the Michipicoten River system in the Lake Superior drainage basin located at Goudreau in the Unorganized North Part of Algoma District, Ontario, Canada. It is about long and wide, lies at an elevation of . The primary inflow is McVeigh Creek from Spring Lake, and the primary outflow is McVeigh Creek to Philip Lake, which flows via the Hawk River and Michipicoten River into Lake Superior. The Algoma Central Railway runs along the east shore of the lake.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Crystal Downs Country Club, Michigan", "paragraph_text": "Crystal Downs Country Club is a private country club and lakefront community in Lake Township, Benzie County, near Frankfort, Michigan, in the United States. Designed by golf course architects Alister MacKenzie and Perry Maxwell in 1929, the par-70, course offers views of Lake Michigan and Crystal Lake. The Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore lies just to its east.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Great Lakes", "paragraph_text": "The Great Lakes (French: les Grands - Lacs), also called the Laurentian Great Lakes and the Great Lakes of North America, are a series of interconnected freshwater lakes located primarily in the upper mid-east region of North America, on the Canada -- United States border, which connect to the Atlantic Ocean through the Saint Lawrence River. They consist of Lakes Superior, Michigan, Huron (or Michigan -- Huron), Erie, and Ontario.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 161709, "question": "What state lies to the east of Lake Ontario?", "answer": "New York", "paragraph_support_idx": 10 }, { "id": 69825, "question": "when did #1 state became a state", "answer": "July 26, 1788", "paragraph_support_idx": 14 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Anna Puu", "paragraph_text": "Puu's first album, \"Anna Puu\", was released on April 29, 2009 and reached #1. The first single, \"C'est la vie\", was released in mid-April and reached #1 in Finland. Another single, \"Kaunis päivä\", reached #6 on the Finnish charts, but the last single \"Melankolian riemut\" failed to make an impact on the charts. The album has since sold over 60,000 copies.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Mars Orbiter Mission", "paragraph_text": "The Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM), also called Mangalyaan (``Mars - craft '', from Sanskrit: मंगल mangala,`` Mars'' and यान yāna, ``craft, vehicle ''), is a space probe orbiting Mars since 24 September 2014. It was launched on 5 November 2013 by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). It is India's first interplanetary mission and ISRO has also become the fourth space agency to reach Mars, after the Soviet space program, NASA, and the European Space Agency. It is the first Asian nation to reach Mars orbit, and the first nation in the world to do so in its first attempt.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Curtiss P-36 Hawk", "paragraph_text": "Internal company designation for a simplified export version with fixed landing gear, two slightly differing aircraft built, first sold to China, second to Argentina", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Chronology of European exploration of Asia", "paragraph_text": "A Roman diplomat or merchant lands in northern Vietnam and visits Nanjing, China and the court of Sun Quan, ruler of Eastern Wu", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Anne Murray", "paragraph_text": "Morna Anne Murray (born June 20, 1945), known professionally as Anne Murray, is a Canadian singer in pop, country, and adult contemporary music whose albums have sold over 55 million copies worldwide during her 40 year career. Murray was the first Canadian female solo singer to reach No. 1 on the U.S. charts, and also the first to earn a Gold record for one of her signature songs, \"Snowbird\" (1970). She is often cited as one of the female Canadian artists who paved the way for other international Canadian success stories such as k.d. lang, Céline Dion, and Shania Twain. She is also the first woman and the first Canadian to win \"Album of the Year\" at the 1984 Country Music Association Awards for her Gold-plus 1983 album A Little Good News.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Chronology of European exploration of Asia", "paragraph_text": "The Portuguese Vasco da Gama, accompanied by Nicolau Coelho and Bartolomeu Dias, is the first European to reach India by an all - sea route from Europe.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "High-definition television", "paragraph_text": "Despite delays in some countries, the number of European HD channels and viewers has risen steadily since the first HDTV broadcasts, with SES's annual Satellite Monitor market survey for 2010 reporting more than 200 commercial channels broadcasting in HD from Astra satellites, 185 million HD capable TVs sold in Europe (£60 million in 2010 alone), and 20 million households (27% of all European digital satellite TV homes) watching HD satellite broadcasts (16 million via Astra satellites).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "European colonization of the Americas", "paragraph_text": "European colonization began in 1492, when a Spanish expedition headed by the Genoese explorer Christopher Columbus sailed west to find a new trade route to the Far East but inadvertently landed in what came to be known to Europeans as the ``New World ''. Running aground on the northern part of Hispaniola on 5 December 1492, which the Taino people had inhabited since the 7th century, the site became the first European settlement in the Americas. European conquest, large - scale exploration and colonization soon followed. Columbus's first two voyages (1492 -- 93) reached the Bahamas and various Caribbean islands, including Hispaniola, Puerto Rico and Cuba. In 1498, sailing from Bristol on behalf of England, John Cabot landed on the North American coast, and a year later, Columbus's third voyage reached the South American coast. As the sponsor of Christopher Columbus's voyages, Spain was the first European power to settle and colonize the largest areas, from North America and the Caribbean to the southern tip of South America.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "If We're Not Back in Love by Monday", "paragraph_text": "\"If We're Not Back in Love by Monday\" is a song written by Sonny Throckmorton and Glenn Martin, and first recorded by American country music artist Merle Haggard. It was released in March 1977 as the first single from the album \"Ramblin' Fever\". The song reached number 2 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Lifestyles of the Rich and Famous (Good Charlotte song)", "paragraph_text": "``Lifestyles of the Rich and Famous ''is a song written by Benji Madden, Joel Madden and Tim Armstrong for Good Charlotte's second studio album The Young and the Hopeless. It was released as the first single from the album in late 2002 in the United States and in early 2003 for the worldwide market. Upon its release the single reached a peak position of number 20 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 and charted in the top 40 in a number of European countries.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "European colonization of the Americas", "paragraph_text": "Systematic European colonization began in 1492, when a Spanish expedition headed by the Genoese explorer Christopher Columbus sailed west to find a new trade route to the Far East but inadvertently landed in what came to be known to Europeans as the ``New World ''. Running aground on the northern part of Hispaniola on 5 December 1492, which the Taino people had inhabited since the 7th century, the site became the first European settlement in the Americas apart from a small Norse attempt in Newfoundland centuries before. European conquest, large - scale exploration and colonization soon followed. Columbus's first two voyages (1492 -- 93) reached the Bahamas and various Caribbean islands, including Hispaniola, Puerto Rico and Cuba. In 1498, John Cabot, on behalf of England, landed on the North American coast, and a year later, Columbus's third voyage reached the South American coast. As the sponsor of Christopher Columbus's voyages, Spain was the first European power to settle and colonize the largest areas, from North America and the Caribbean to the southern tip of South America.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Hit Me with Your Rhythm Stick", "paragraph_text": "\"Hit Me with Your Rhythm Stick\" is a song by Ian Dury and the Blockheads, first released as a single on Stiff Records in the UK on 23 November 1978. Written by Dury and the Blockheads' multi-instrumentalist Chaz Jankel, it is the group's most successful single, reaching number one on the UK Singles Chart in January 1979 as well as reaching the top three in Ireland, Australia and New Zealand, and it was also a top 20 hit in several European countries.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Spain at the FIFA World Cup", "paragraph_text": "Spain is one of only eight countries ever to have won the FIFA World Cup, which it did at the 2010 FIFA World Cup, in South Africa, the first time the team had reached the final. The team is one of the most present at the World Cup finals, with 15 appearances out of the 21 tournaments. Spain reached fourth - place in 1950, and has reached the quarter - finals four times. The Spanish team has also won three UEFA European Football Championships, in 1964, 2008 and 2012 and the Olympic football tournament in 1992.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Karmacode", "paragraph_text": "Karmacode is the fourth studio album by Italian gothic metal band Lacuna Coil, released on 31 March 2006 in several countries in Europe, 3 April in the UK and other European countries, 4 April in North America, and 5 April in several other European countries through Century Media Records. 500,000 copies of \"Karmacode\" have officially been sold worldwide.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Chronology of European exploration of Asia", "paragraph_text": "1497 - 1499 The Portuguese Vasco da Gama, accompanied by Nicolau Coelho and Bartolomeu Dias, is the first European to reach India by an all - sea route from Europe.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Dancing with Strangers", "paragraph_text": "Dancing with Strangers is the ninth studio album by British singer-songwriter Chris Rea, released in 1987. It became Rea's first major success in UK, peaking at #2, behind Michael Jackson's \"Bad\", and spent 46 weeks in the charts, achieving Platinum accreditation. It reached the Top 10 in six other European countries, while in New Zealand it became a number one album.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Holiday Rap", "paragraph_text": "\"Holiday Rap\" is a 1986 rap song recorded by Dutch duo MC Miker G & DJ Sven. The debut single of the duo, it was released in most European countries in 1986 and achieved success, topping the chart in France (it was the first number-one rap hit and the 591st best-selling single of all time in that country), Switzerland, Germany and the Netherlands. While a relative failure in the U.S., the single managed to reach the Top 10 in Canada in the spring of 1987.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "History of New Zealand", "paragraph_text": "The history of New Zealand dates back at least 700 years to when it was discovered and settled by Polynesians, who developed a distinct Māori culture centred on kinship links and land. The first European explorer to sight New Zealand was Dutch navigator Abel Tasman on 13 December 1642. The Dutch were also the first non-natives to explore and chart New Zealand's coastline. Captain James Cook, who reached New Zealand in October 1769 on the first of his three voyages, was the first European explorer to circumnavigate and map New Zealand. From the late 18th century, the country was regularly visited by explorers and other sailors, missionaries, traders and adventurers. In 1840 the Treaty of Waitangi was signed between the British Crown and various Māori chiefs, bringing New Zealand into the British Empire and giving Māori the same rights as British subjects. There was extensive British settlement throughout the rest of the century and into the early part of the next century. War and the imposition of a European economic and legal system led to most of New Zealand's land passing from Māori to Pākehā (European) ownership, and most Māori subsequently became impoverished.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "History of the west coast of North America", "paragraph_text": "In 1513, Spanish explorers were the first Europeans to reach the west coast of North America, on the Pacific coast of the Panama isthmus. From the point of view of European powers in the age of sailing ships, the west coast of North America was among the most distant places in the world. The arduous journey around Cape Horn at the tip of South America and then north meant nine to twelve months of dangerous sailing. These practical difficulties discouraged all but the Spanish Empire from making regular visits and establishing settlements and ports until the second half of the 18th century -- some 200 years after Europeans first reached the east coast of North America.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Foreign Affair: The Farewell Tour", "paragraph_text": "Foreign Affair: The Farewell Tour (also known as the Foreign Affair World Tour) was the fifth concert tour of American singer, Tina Turner. The tour supported her seventh studio album \"Foreign Affair\". The tour was Turner's first stadium tour and only reached European countries. Overall, the tour drew in nearly four million spectators—breaking the record for a European tour that was previously set by The Rolling Stones.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 160380, "question": "What country was sold to first?", "answer": "China", "paragraph_support_idx": 2 }, { "id": 47412, "question": "who was the first european to reach #1", "answer": "A Roman diplomat or merchant", "paragraph_support_idx": 3 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Alex Haley House and Museum", "paragraph_text": "Alex Haley House and Museum State Historic Site is one of the Tennessee Historical Commission's state-owned historic sites and is located in Henning, Tennessee, United States. It is open to the public and partially funded by an agreement with the Tennessee Historical Commission. It was originally known as W. E. Palmer House and was the boyhood home of author Alex Haley. He was buried on the grounds. The home was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978. In 2010, the site debuted the state-funded Alex Haley Museum and Interpretive Center which features a museum and interpretive center (designed by architect Louis Pounders) with exhibitions covering Haley's life.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Elizabeth II", "paragraph_text": "With Elizabeth's accession, it seemed probable that the royal house would bear her husband's name, becoming the House of Mountbatten, in line with the custom of a wife taking her husband's surname on marriage. The British Prime Minister, Winston Churchill, and Elizabeth's grandmother, Queen Mary, favoured the retention of the House of Windsor, and so on 9 April 1952 Elizabeth issued a declaration that Windsor would continue to be the name of the royal house. The Duke complained, \"I am the only man in the country not allowed to give his name to his own children.\" In 1960, after the death of Queen Mary in 1953 and the resignation of Churchill in 1955, the surname Mountbatten-Windsor was adopted for Philip and Elizabeth's male-line descendants who do not carry royal titles.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Presby Memorial Iris Gardens", "paragraph_text": "Presby Memorial Iris Gardens is a nonprofit, volunteer-run living museum specializing in iris flowers, located at 474 Upper Mountain Avenue, Montclair in Essex County, New Jersey, New Jersey, United States. The gardens are situated on 6.5 acres. Adjacent to the gardens is a Victorian house, the Walther House. The house is open to the public and is home to a museum shop and headquarters for the Citizens Committee that oversees the gardens.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "J. A. Skinner State Park", "paragraph_text": "Joseph Allen Skinner State Park is a state-owned, public recreation area located in the towns of Hadley and South Hadley in the Connecticut River Valley of western Massachusetts. The state park surrounds Mount Holyoke, the westernmost peak of the Mount Holyoke Range. At the summit is the historic Prospect House, an old hotel first opened in 1851. The park is managed by the Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Kraus House", "paragraph_text": "The Kraus House, also known as the Frank Lloyd Wright House in Ebsworth Park, is a house in Kirkwood, Missouri designed by architect Frank Lloyd Wright. The house was designed and constructed for Russell and Ruth Goetz Kraus, and the initial design was conceived in 1950. Construction continued until at least 1960 and was never formally completed. The owners lived in the house for about 40 years (Ruth died in 1992).", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Gun laws in Texas", "paragraph_text": "The Texas handgun carry permit was previously called a ``Concealed Handgun License ''or CHL. This has changed on Jan 1. 2016 to LTC`` License To Carry'' and at the same time the laws changed to include ``Open Carry ''. Permits are issued on a non-discretionary (`` shall - issue'') basis to all eligible, qualified applicants. Texas has full reciprocity agreements with 30 states, not including Vermont (which is an ``unrestricted ''state and neither issues nor requires permits), most of these having some residency restrictions (the holder must either be a resident of Texas or a non-resident of the reciprocal state for the Texas license to be valid in that state). Texas recognizes an additional 11 states' concealed - carry permits unilaterally; those states do not recognize Texas' own permit as valid within their jurisdiction, usually due to some lesser requirement of the Texas permit compared to their own.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Article Five of the United States Constitution", "paragraph_text": "Article Five of the United States Constitution describes the process whereby the Constitution, the nation's frame of government, may be altered. Altering the Constitution consists of proposing an amendment or amendments and subsequent ratification. Amendments may be proposed either by the Congress with a two - thirds vote in both the House of Representatives and the Senate or by a convention of states called for by two - thirds of the state legislatures. To become part of the Constitution, an amendment must be ratified by either -- as determined by Congress -- the legislatures of three - quarters of the states or state ratifying conventions in three - quarters of the states. The vote of each state (to either ratify or reject a proposed amendment) carries equal weight, regardless of a state's population or length of time in the Union.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Gilbert House (Worthington, Ohio)", "paragraph_text": "The Gilbert House is a small historic residence in the city of Worthington, Ohio, United States. Constructed in the 1820s and later moved to the present location, it has been named a historic site.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Gun laws in Missouri", "paragraph_text": "Subject / Law Long Guns Handguns Relevant Statutes Notes Permit to purchase required? No No Firearm registration? No No Owner license required? No No Carry permits required? No No Missouri is a ``shall issue ''state for concealed carry. Permitless carry took effect on January 1, 2017. Open carry permitted? Yes Yes Open carry is permitted. As of October 11, 2014, a valid CCW overrides local laws against Open Carry, state wide. State preemption of local restrictions? Yes Yes Local governments are allowed to regulate open carry and the discharge of firearms (except in self defense); however, ccw permit holders are exempt from ordinances banning open carry. Assault weapon law? No No Magazine Capacity Restriction? No No NFA weapons restricted? No No Peaceable journey law? Yes Yes Background checks required for private sales? No No", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Hotel Galvez", "paragraph_text": "The Hotel Galvez is a historic hotel located in Galveston, Texas, United States that opened in 1911. The building was named the Galvez, honoring Bernardo de Gálvez, 1st Viscount of Galveston, for whom the city was named. The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places on April 4, 1979.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Minnesota Highway 371 Bridge", "paragraph_text": "The Minnesota Highway 371 Bridge is a 4-lane bridge carrying Minnesota State Highway 371 over the Mississippi River in the town of Baxter. It opened in 2000 as part of the Hwy. 371 bypass of Brainerd.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Studio 54", "paragraph_text": "Studio 54 is a former nightclub and currently a Broadway theatre, located at 254 West 54th Street, between Eighth Avenue and Broadway in Midtown Manhattan, New York City. The building, originally built as the Gallo Opera House, opened in 1927, after which it changed names several times, eventually becoming CBS radio and television Studio 52.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Catoctin Creek Bridge", "paragraph_text": "It currently carries Virginia Route 673, also known as Featherbed Lane. The bridge was originally located at a crossing of nearby Goose Creek, carrying the Leesburg Turnpike, later Virginia State Route 7, but was relocated in 1932 to its present location at Catoctin Creek.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "U.S. Grant Bridge", "paragraph_text": "The U.S. Grant Bridge is the name of the two bridges that carry and have carried traffic on U.S. Route 23 between Portsmouth, Ohio and South Portsmouth, Kentucky (just west of the city of South Shore) across the Ohio River in the United States. The original suspension bridge was closed and demolished in 2001 and the replacement cable-stayed bridge opened on October 16, 2006.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Open-fields doctrine", "paragraph_text": "The open fields doctrine was first articulated by the U.S. Supreme Court in Hester v. United States, which stated that ``the special protection accorded by the Fourth Amendment to the people in their 'persons, houses, papers, and effects,' is not extended to the open fields. ''This opinion appears to be decided on the basis that`` open fields are not a ``constitutionally protected area'' because they can not be construed as`` persons, houses, papers, (or) effects. ''", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Rosaryville, Maryland", "paragraph_text": "Rosaryville is an unincorporated area and census-designated place (CDP) in Prince George's County, Maryland, United States beside U.S. Route 301. The population was 10,697 at the 2010 census, including housing developments and rural open space. It was named for a local Roman Catholic church. Close to Rosaryville are the Marlton housing development, Maryland Veterans Cemetery, the Southern Maryland Farmers Market, and Rosaryville State Park.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Hal W. Adams Bridge", "paragraph_text": "The Hal W. Adams Bridge, built in 1947, is an historic bridge that carries State Road 51 across the Suwannee River between Lafayette and Suwannee counties, Florida in the United States. Located 3 miles north of Mayo, it was the first suspension bridge built in Florida, and the only one to carry highway traffic. At its opening on July 4, 1947, it was named for Hal W. Adams of Mayo, former county judge of Lafayette County and then longtime circuit judge for the circuit encompassing Lafayette and Suwannee counties.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Newell House Museum", "paragraph_text": "The Newell House Museum, also known as the Robert Newell House, is located in Champoeg, Oregon, United States. Built by Oregon politician Robert Newell in 1852, the house was acquired in 1952 by the Oregon State Society, Daughters of the American Revolution. The house was reconstructed and opened as a museum in 1959.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "John Herrington House and Herrington Bethel Church", "paragraph_text": "The John Herrington House and Herrington Bethel Church are a pair of historic buildings located near Mechanicstown in Carroll County, Ohio, United States. Constructed in the 1840s, they bear the name of a prominent local Methodist minister, and they have together been named a historic site.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Christian Leinenweber House", "paragraph_text": "The Christian Leinenweber House is a house located in Astoria, Oregon, United States, listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It was built in 1874 by a local businessman named Christian Leinenweber. It is also known as the Otto Gramms House; Gramms and his family owned it from 1916 to 1965.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 130085, "question": "What is the name of the state where Kraus House is located?", "answer": "Missouri", "paragraph_support_idx": 4 }, { "id": 89676, "question": "when did #1 become an open carry state", "answer": "October 11, 2014", "paragraph_support_idx": 8 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Foreign direct investment", "paragraph_text": "A foreign direct investment (FDI) is an investment in the form of a controlling ownership in a business in one country by an entity based in another country. It is thus distinguished from a foreign portfolio investment by a notion of direct control.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Parliament of India", "paragraph_text": "Lok Sabha (House of the People) or the lower house has 545 members. 543 members are directly elected by citizens of India on the basis of universal adult franchise representing Parliamentary constituencies across the country and 2 members are appointed by the President of India from the Anglo-Indian Community. Every citizen of India who is over 18 years of age, irrespective of gender, caste, religion, or race and is otherwise not disqualified, is eligible to vote for the Lok Sabha. The Constitution provides that the maximum strength of the House be 552 members. It has a term of five years. To be eligible for membership in the Lok Sabha, a person must be a citizen of India and must be 25 years of age or older, mentally sound, should not be bankrupt, and should not be criminally convicted. The total elective membership is distributed among the states in such a way that the ratio between the number of seats allotted to each state and the population of the state is, so far as practicable, the same for all states.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Gun violence in the United States", "paragraph_text": "Gun violence in the United States results in tens of thousands of deaths and injuries annually. In 2013, there were 73,505 nonfatal firearm injuries (23.2 injuries per 100,000 U.S. citizens), and 33,636 deaths due to ``injury by firearms ''(10.6 deaths per 100,000 U.S. citizens). These deaths consisted of 11,208 homicides, 21,175 suicides, 505 deaths due to accidental or negligent discharge of a firearm, and 281 deaths due to firearms use with`` undetermined intent''. Of the 2,596,993 total deaths in the US in 2013, 1.3% were related to firearms. The ownership and control of guns are among the most widely debated issues in the country.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Direct democracy", "paragraph_text": "The earliest known direct democracy is said to be the Athenian democracy in the 5th century BC, although it was not an inclusive democracy: women, foreigners, and slaves were excluded from it. The main bodies in the Athenian democracy were the assembly, composed of male citizens; the boulê, composed of 500 citizens; and the law courts, composed of a massive number of jurors chosen by lot, with no judges. There were only about 30,000 male citizens, but several thousand of them were politically active in each year, and many of them quite regularly for years on end. The Athenian democracy was direct not only in the sense that decisions were made by the assembled people, but also in the sense that the people through the assembly, boulê, and law courts controlled the entire political process, and a large proportion of citizens were involved constantly in the public business. Modern democracies, being representative, not direct, do not resemble the Athenian system.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Ottoman Empire", "paragraph_text": "In 1768 Russian-backed Ukrainian Haidamaks, pursuing Polish confederates, entered Balta, an Ottoman-controlled town on the border of Bessarabia in Ukraine, and massacred its citizens and burned the town to the ground. This action provoked the Ottoman Empire into the Russo-Turkish War of 1768–1774. The Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca of 1774 ended the war and provided freedom to worship for the Christian citizens of the Ottoman-controlled provinces of Wallachia and Moldavia. By the late 18th century, a number of defeats in several wars with Russia led some people in the Ottoman Empire to conclude that the reforms of Peter the Great had given the Russians an edge, and the Ottomans would have to keep up with Western technology in order to avoid further defeats.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Detroit Lakes, Minnesota", "paragraph_text": "Detroit Lakes is a city in the State of Minnesota and the county seat of Becker County. The population was 8,569 at the 2010 census. Its unofficial population during summer months is much higher, estimated by citizens to peak at 13,000 midsummer, due to seasonal residents and tourists.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "French passport", "paragraph_text": "French citizens can live and work in any country within the EU as a result of the right of free movement and residence granted in Article 21 of the EU Treaty.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Munich Agreement", "paragraph_text": "Czechoslovakia was created in 1918 following the collapse of the Austro - Hungarian Empire at the end of World War I. The Treaty of Versailles recognized the independence of Czechoslovakia with a population that included three million German - speaking people, 24 percent of the total population of the country. The Germans lived mostly in an area called Sudetenland bordering on Germany and the newly created country of Austria. The Sudeten Germans were not consulted about whether they wished to be citizens of Czechoslovakia. Although the constitution guaranteed equality for all citizens, there was a tendency among political leaders to transform the country ``into an instrument of Czech and Slovak nationalism ''. Although some progress was made to integrate the Germans and other minorities, they continued to be under - represented in the government and the army. Moreover, the Great Depression beginning in 1929 impacted the highly industrialized and export - oriented Sudeten Germans more than it did the Czech and Slovak populations. By 1936, 60 percent of the unemployed people in Czechoslovakia were Germans.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Qiu Xigui", "paragraph_text": "Qiu Xigui (; born 13July 1935) is a Chinese historian, palaeographer, and professor of Fudan University. His book \"Chinese Writing\" is considered the \"single most influential study of Chinese palaeography\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Switzerland", "paragraph_text": "In 2012, resident foreigners made up 23.3% of the population. Most of these (64%) were from European Union or EFTA countries. Italians were the largest single group of foreigners with 15.6% of total foreign population. They were closely followed by Germans (15.2%), immigrants from Portugal (12.7%), France (5.6%), Serbia (5.3%), Turkey (3.8%), Spain (3.7%), and Austria (2%). Immigrants from Sri Lanka, most of them former Tamil refugees, were the largest group among people of Asian origin (6.3%). Additionally, the figures from 2012 show that 34.7% of the permanent resident population aged 15 or over in Switzerland, i.e. 2,335,000 persons, had an immigrant background. A third of this population (853,000) held Swiss citizenship. Four fifths of persons with an immigration background were themselves immigrants (first generation foreigners and native-born and naturalised Swiss citizens), whereas one fifth were born in Switzerland (second generation foreigners and native-born and naturalised Swiss citizens). In the 2000s, domestic and international institutions expressed concern about what they perceived as an increase in xenophobia, particularly in some political campaigns. In reply to one critical report the Federal Council noted that \"racism unfortunately is present in Switzerland\", but stated that the high proportion of foreign citizens in the country, as well as the generally unproblematic integration of foreigners\", underlined Switzerland's openness.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Marshall Islands", "paragraph_text": "The majority of the citizens of the Marshall Islands are of Marshallese descent, though there are small numbers of immigrants from the United States, China, Philippines and other Pacific islands. The two official languages are Marshallese, which is a member of the Malayo-Polynesian languages, and English. Almost the entire population of the islands practises some religion, with three-quarters of the country either following the United Church of Christ – Congregational in the Marshall Islands (UCCCMI) or the Assemblies of God.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Athenian democracy", "paragraph_text": "It was a system of direct democracy, in which participating citizens voted directly on legislation and executive bills. Participation was not open to all residents: to vote one had to be an adult, male citizen i.e. neither a foreign resident, slave or a woman and the number of these ``varied between 30,000 and 50,000 out of a total population of around 250,000 to 300,000 ''or`` no more than 30 percent of the total adult population.''", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Eswatini", "paragraph_text": "In 2005, the constitution was put into effect. There is still much debate in the country about the constitutional reforms. From the early seventies, there was active resistance to the royal hegemony. Despite complaints from progressive formations, support for the monarchy and the current political system remains strong among the majority of the population.[citation needed] Submissions were made by citizens around the country to commissions, including the constitutional draft committee, indicating that they would prefer to maintain the current situation.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Qiu Shihua", "paragraph_text": "Qiu Shihua (Chinese: 邱世华) is a notable Chinese landscape painter born 1940 in Zizhong, Sichuan Province, China. He lives and works in Beijing and Shenzhen.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 14, "title": "List of hospitals in Romania", "paragraph_text": "The list below is a database that contains hospitals in Romania. All public hospitals receive funding from the Ministry of Health. Romania has a universal healthcare system, hence all public hospitals are charge-free and available to each citizen of the European Union. There are 425 operational hospitals across the country. At the moment, there are 6.2 hospital beds available per 1000 citizens.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Norfolk Island", "paragraph_text": "The island is subject to separate immigration controls from the remainder of Australia. Until recently immigration to Norfolk Island even by other Australian citizens was heavily restricted. In 2012, immigration controls were relaxed with the introduction of an Unrestricted Entry Permit for all Australian and New Zealand citizens upon arrival and the option to apply for residency; the only criteria are to pass a police check and be able to pay into the local health scheme. From 1 July 2016, the Australian migration system will replace the immigration arrangements currently maintained by the Norfolk Island Government.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Religion in Kuwait", "paragraph_text": "Islam is the official religion in Kuwait, and the majority of the citizen population are Muslim. There are also small native Christian and Bahá'í populations. Most expatriates in Kuwait are Muslim, Hindu, Christian or Buddhist.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Athenian democracy", "paragraph_text": "It was a system of direct democracy, in which participating citizens voted directly on legislation and executive bills. Participation was not open to all residents: to vote one had to be an adult, male citizen, i.e., not a foreign resident, a slave or a woman, and the number of these was ``probably no more than 30 percent of the total adult population. ''", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "One-child policy", "paragraph_text": "The one - child policy, a part of the family planning policy, was a population planning policy of China. It was introduced in 1979 and began to be formally phased out near the end of 2015 and the beginning of 2016. The policy was only enforced on Han Chinese and allowed exceptions for many groups, including ethnic minorities. In 2007, 36% of China's population was subject to a strict one - child restriction, with an additional 53% being allowed to have a second child if the first child was a girl. Provincial governments imposed fines for violations, and the local and national governments created commissions to raise awareness and carry out registration and inspection work.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Israel", "paragraph_text": "The population of Israel, as defined by the Israel Central Bureau of Statistics, was estimated in 2016 to be 8,476,600 people. It is the world's only Jewish-majority state, with 6,345,400 citizens, or 74.9%, being designated as Jewish. The country's second largest group of citizens are denoted as Arabs, numbering 1,760,400 people (including the Druze and most East Jerusalem Arabs). The great majority of Israeli Arabs are Sunni Muslims, with smaller but significant numbers of semi-settled Negev Bedouins; the rest are Christians and Druze. Other far smaller minorities include Maronites, Samaritans, Dom people and Roma, Black Hebrew Israelites, other Sub-Saharan Africans, Armenians, Circassians, Vietnamese boat people, and others. Israel also hosts a significant population of non-citizen foreign workers and asylum seekers from Africa and Asia.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 104732, "question": "Which country's citizen was Qiu Shihua?", "answer": "China", "paragraph_support_idx": 13 }, { "id": 84074, "question": "what did #1 do to control its population", "answer": "The one - child policy,", "paragraph_support_idx": 18 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Chihuahua (state)", "paragraph_text": "In consequence to the Reform War, the federal government was bankrupt and could not pay its foreign debts to Spain, England, and France. On July 17, 1861, President Juárez decreed a moratorium on payment to foreign debtors for a period of two years. Spain, England, and France did not accept the moratorium by Mexico; they united at the Convention of the Triple Alliance on October 31, 1861 in which they agreed to take possession of several custom stations within Mexico as payment. A delegation of the Triple Alliance arrived in Veracruz in December 1861. President Juárez immediately sent his Foreign Affairs Minister, Manuel Doblado, who is able to reduce the debts through the Pacto de Soledad (Soledad Pact). General Juan Prim of Spain persuaded the English delegation to accept the terms of the Pacto de Soledad, but the French delegation refused.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 1, "title": "National Library of Poland", "paragraph_text": "Today the collections of the National Library are one of the largest in the country. Among 7,900,000 volumes (2004) held in the library are 160,000 objects printed before 1801, over 26,000 manuscripts (including 6,887 music manuscripts), over 114,000 music prints and 400,000 drawings. The library collections also include photographs and other iconographic documents, more than 101,000 atlases and maps, over 2,000,000 ephemera, as well as over 2,000,000 books and about 800,000 copies of journals from 19th to 21st centuries. Notable items in the collection include 151 leaves of the Codex Suprasliensis, which was inscribed in UNESCO's Memory of the World Programme Register in 2007 in recognition for its supranational and supraregional significance.In 2012 the library signed an agreement to add 1.3 million Polish library records to WorldCat.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Vancouver Community Library", "paragraph_text": "The Vancouver Community Library is a library in Vancouver, Washington, in the United States. Part of the Fort Vancouver Regional Library District, the 83,000-square-foot library is the second largest in the Portland metropolitan area, second to the Central Library in Portland, Oregon. The library's grand opening was held on July 17, 2011. It is a LEED Gold Certified building.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "University of Notre Dame", "paragraph_text": "The library system also includes branch libraries for Architecture, Chemistry & Physics, Engineering, Law, and Mathematics as well as information centers in the Mendoza College of Business, the Kellogg Institute for International Studies, the Joan B. Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies, and a slide library in O'Shaughnessy Hall. A theology library was also opened in fall of 2015. Located on the first floor of Stanford Hall, it is the first branch of the library system to be housed in a dorm room. The library system holds over three million volumes, was the single largest university library in the world upon its completion, and remains one of the 100 largest libraries in the country.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Royal Institute of British Architects", "paragraph_text": "The British Architectural Library, sometimes referred to as the RIBA Library, was established in 1834 upon the founding of the institute with donations from members. Now, with over four million items, it is one of the three largest architectural libraries in the world and the largest in Europe. Some items from the collections are on permanent display at the Victoria and Albert Museum (V&A) in the V&A + RIBA Architecture Gallery and included in temporary exhibitions at the RIBA and across Europe and North America. Its collections include:", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "New York City", "paragraph_text": "The New York Public Library, which has the largest collection of any public library system in the United States, serves Manhattan, the Bronx, and Staten Island. Queens is served by the Queens Borough Public Library, the nation's second largest public library system, while the Brooklyn Public Library serves Brooklyn.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Five laws of library science", "paragraph_text": "The Five laws of library science is a theory proposed by S.R. Ranganathan in 1931, detailing the principles of operating a library system. Many librarians worldwide accept them as the foundations of their philosophy.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Paris", "paragraph_text": "There are several academic libraries and archives in Paris. The Sorbonne Library in the 5th arrondissement is the largest university library in Paris. In addition to the Sorbonne location, there are branches in Malesherbes, Clignancourt-Championnet, Michelet-Institut d'Art et d'Archéologie, Serpente-Maison de la Recherche, and Institut des Etudes Ibériques. Other academic libraries include Interuniversity Pharmaceutical Library, Leonardo da Vinci University Library, Paris School of Mines Library, and the René Descartes University Library.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Northwestern University", "paragraph_text": "The Northwestern library system consists of four libraries on the Evanston campus including the present main library, University Library and the original library building, Deering Library; three libraries on the Chicago campus; and the library affiliated with Garrett-Evangelical Theological Seminary. The University Library contains over 4.9 million volumes, 4.6 million microforms, and almost 99,000 periodicals making it (by volume) the 30th-largest university library in North America and the 10th-largest library among private universities. Notable collections in the library system include the Melville J. Herskovits Library of African Studies, the largest Africana collection in the world, an extensive collection of early edition printed music and manuscripts as well as late-modern works, and an art collection noted for its 19th and 20th-century Western art and architecture periodicals. The library system participates with 15 other universities in digitizing its collections as a part of the Google Book Search project. The Mary and Leigh Block Museum of Art is a major art museum in Chicago, containing more than 4,000 works in its permanent collection as well as dedicating a third of its space to temporary and traveling exhibitions.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Harvard University", "paragraph_text": "The Harvard University Library System is centered in Widener Library in Harvard Yard and comprises nearly 80 individual libraries holding over 18 million volumes. According to the American Library Association, this makes it the largest academic library in the United States, and one of the largest in the world. Cabot Science Library, Lamont Library, and Widener Library are three of the most popular libraries for undergraduates to use, with easy access and central locations. There are rare books, manuscripts and other special collections throughout Harvard's libraries; Houghton Library, the Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America, and the Harvard University Archives consist principally of rare and unique materials. America's oldest collection of maps, gazetteers, and atlases both old and new is stored in Pusey Library and open to the public. The largest collection of East-Asian language material outside of East Asia is held in the Harvard-Yenching Library.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Branford Price Millar Library", "paragraph_text": "The Branford Price Millar Library is the library of Portland State University (PSU) in Portland, Oregon, United States. Built in 1968, the academic library was doubled in size in 1991 and houses over 1 million volumes. The five-story building is located on the school's campus on the South Park Blocks in Downtown Portland and is the largest academic library in the Portland area.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Lists of countries by mineral production", "paragraph_text": "Gem Largest Producer Second Largest Producer Complete list Fluorite China Mexico List of countries by fluorite production Diamond Russia Australia List of countries by diamond production", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Grace Keiser Maring Library", "paragraph_text": "The Grace Keiser Maring Library is located on the south side of Muncie, Indiana, USA. Built at 1808 South Madision Street, the library is next to Heekin Park, the largest and oldest community park in Muncie. The library was the first branch library built in the city.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Dublin City Public Libraries and Archive", "paragraph_text": "Dublin City Public Libraries is the largest library authority in the Republic of Ireland, serving over half a million people through a network of 21 branch libraries, a number of specialist services and Mobile Library stops.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Nanjing", "paragraph_text": "Nanjing Library, founded in 1907, houses more than 10 million volumes of printed materials and is the third largest library in China, after the National Library in Beijing and Shanghai Library. Other libraries, such as city-owned Jinling Library and various district libraries, also provide considerable amount of information to citizens. Nanjing University Library is the second largest university libraries in China after Peking University Library, and the fifth largest nationwide, especially in the number of precious collections.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Shanghai Library", "paragraph_text": "The Shanghai Library (), which also houses the Shanghai Institute of Scientific and Technological Information (), is the municipal library of Shanghai, China. It is the second largest library in China after the National Library in Beijing. At 24 stories and 348 feet (106 m) tall, it is the second tallest library in the world, as well as one of the largest. The building has a tower that looks like a giant lighthouse.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Association for Library Service to Children", "paragraph_text": "The Association for Library Service to Children (ALSC) is a division of the American Library Association, and it is the world's largest organization dedicated to library service to children. Its members are concerned with creating a better future for children through libraries.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Tōyō Bunko", "paragraph_text": "The , or \"Oriental Library\", is Japan's largest Asian studies library and one of the world's five largest, located in Tokyo. It also functions as a research institute dedicated to the study of Asian history and culture. It has greatly contributed to the development of Asian Studies through the acquisition of books and other source materials as well as the publication of research by Japanese scholars. Presently, the library contains approximately 950,000 volumes which are cataloged linguistically according to Asian, Western and Japanese language materials.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Strasbourg", "paragraph_text": "The Bibliothèque nationale et universitaire (BNU) is, with its collection of more than 3,000,000 titles, the second largest library in France after the Bibliothèque nationale de France. It was founded by the German administration after the complete destruction of the previous municipal library in 1871 and holds the unique status of being simultaneously a students' and a national library. The Strasbourg municipal library had been marked erroneously as \"City Hall\" in a French commercial map, which had been captured and used by the German artillery to lay their guns. A librarian from Munich later pointed out \"...that the destruction of the precious collection was not the fault of a German artillery officer, who used the French map, but of the slovenly and inaccurate scholarship of a Frenchman.\"", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Kathmandu", "paragraph_text": "The National Library of Nepal is located in Patan. It is the largest library in the country with more than 70,000 books. English, Nepali, Sanskrit, Hindi, and Nepal Bhasa books are found here. The library is in possession of rare scholarly books in Sanskrit and English dating from the 17th century AD. Kathmandu also contains the Kaiser Library, located in the Kaiser Mahal on the ground floor of the Ministry of Education building. This collection of around 45,000 books is derived from a personal collection of Kaiser Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana. It covers a wide range of subjects including history, law, art, religion, and philosophy, as well as a Sanskrit manual of Tantra, which is believed to be over 1,000 years old. The 2015 earthquake caused severe damage to the Ministry of Education building, and the contents of the Kaiser Library have been temporarily relocated.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 11742, "question": "Which country refused to accept?", "answer": "France", "paragraph_support_idx": 0 }, { "id": 26878, "question": "What is the second largest library in #1 ?", "answer": "Bibliothèque nationale et universitaire", "paragraph_support_idx": 18 } ]

[ "libraries", "Library", "library" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Murphy, North Carolina", "paragraph_text": "Murphy is a town in and the county seat of Cherokee County, North Carolina, United States. It is situated at the confluence of the Hiwassee and Valley rivers. It is the westernmost county seat in the state of North Carolina, approximately from the state capital in Raleigh. The population of Murphy was 1,627 at the 2010 census.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Robin Hood (bicycle company)", "paragraph_text": "Robin Hood Cycle Co Ltd bicycles is an English manufacturer made in Nottingham England. Acquired by the Raleigh Bicycle Company in 1906 many of whose bicycles were imported into the United States. Best known for their three-speeds, they were an economy line for Raleigh. They also imported racing bikes as the Lenton Sports.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Aberdeen, North Carolina", "paragraph_text": "Aberdeen is a town in Moore County, North Carolina, United States. It is part of the Raleigh–Durham–Cary-Chapel Hill Combined Statistical Area. The population was 3,400 at the 2000 census.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Oath of Allegiance (United States)", "paragraph_text": "The United States Oath of Allegiance, officially referred to as the ``Oath of Allegiance, ''8 C.F.R. Part 337 (2008), is an allegiance oath that must be taken by all immigrants who wish to become United States citizens.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "North Carolina", "paragraph_text": "On November 21, 1789, North Carolina became the twelfth state to ratify the Constitution. In 1840, it completed the state capitol building in Raleigh, still standing today. Most of North Carolina's slave owners and large plantations were located in the eastern portion of the state. Although North Carolina's plantation system was smaller and less cohesive than that of Virginia, Georgia, or South Carolina, significant numbers of planters were concentrated in the counties around the port cities of Wilmington and Edenton, as well as suburban planters around the cities of Raleigh, Charlotte, and Durham in the Piedmont. Planters owning large estates wielded significant political and socio - economic power in antebellum North Carolina, which was a slave society. They placed their interests above those of the generally non-slave - holding ``yeoman ''farmers of western North Carolina. In mid-century, the state's rural and commercial areas were connected by the construction of a 129 - mile (208 km) wooden plank road, known as a`` farmer's railroad'', from Fayetteville in the east to Bethania (northwest of Winston - Salem).", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Pinepoca, West Virginia", "paragraph_text": "Pinepoca is a former settlement in Raleigh County, West Virginia, United States. Pinepoca was east-northeast of Beckley. Pinepoca appeared on USGS maps as late as 1929.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Raleigh, North Carolina", "paragraph_text": "Downtown area is home to historic neighborhoods and buildings such as the Sir Walter Raleigh Hotel built in the early 20th century, the restored City Market, the Fayetteville Street downtown business district, which includes the PNC Plaza and Wells Fargo Capitol Center buildings, as well as the North Carolina Museum of History, North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, North Carolina State Capitol, Peace College, the Raleigh City Museum, Raleigh Convention Center, Shaw University, and St. Augustine's College. The neighborhoods in Old Raleigh include Cameron Park, Boylan Heights, Country Club Hills, Coley Forest, Five Points, Budleigh, Glenwood-Brooklyn, Hayes Barton Historic District, Moore Square, Mordecai, Rosengarten Park, Belvidere Park, Woodcrest, and Historic Oakwood. In the 2000s, an effort by the Downtown Raleigh Alliance was made to separate this area of the city into five smaller districts: Fayetteville Street, Moore Square, Glenwood South, Warehouse (Raleigh), and Capital District (Raleigh). Some of the names have become common place among locals such as the Warehouse, Fayetteville Street, and Glenwood South Districts.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "North Carolina", "paragraph_text": "In 1584, Elizabeth I granted a charter to Sir Walter Raleigh, for whom the state capital is named, for land in present-day North Carolina (then part of the territory of Virginia). It was the second American territory which the English attempted to colonize. Raleigh established two colonies on the coast in the late 1580s, but both failed. The fate of the \"Lost Colony\" of Roanoke Island remains one of the most widely debated mysteries of American history. Virginia Dare, the first English child to be born in North America, was born on Roanoke Island on August 18, 1587; Dare County is named for her.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Ameagle, West Virginia", "paragraph_text": "Ameagle is an unincorporated community in Raleigh County, West Virginia, United States. Ameagle is east-southeast of Whitesville. The community was named for the American Eagle Colliery.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Crow, West Virginia", "paragraph_text": "Crow is an unincorporated community in Raleigh County, West Virginia, United States. Crow is located on West Virginia Route 307 east-southeast of Beckley.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Raleigh, North Carolina", "paragraph_text": "Raleigh is home to numerous cultural, educational, and historic sites. The Duke Energy Center for the Performing Arts in Downtown Raleigh features three theater venues and serves as the home for the North Carolina Symphony and the Carolina Ballet. Walnut Creek Amphitheatre is a large music amphitheater located in Southeast Raleigh. Museums in Raleigh include the North Carolina Museum of Art in West Raleigh, as well as the North Carolina Museum of History and North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences located next to each other near the State Capitol in Downtown Raleigh. Several major universities and colleges call Raleigh home, including North Carolina State University, the largest public university in the state, and Shaw University, the first historically black university in the American South and site of the foundation of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, an important civil rights organization of the 1960s. One U.S. president, Andrew Johnson, was born in Raleigh.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Raleigh, North Carolina", "paragraph_text": "Raleigh's industrial base includes banking/financial services; electrical, medical, electronic and telecommunications equipment; clothing and apparel; food processing; paper products; and pharmaceuticals. Raleigh is part of North Carolina's Research Triangle, one of the country's largest and most successful research parks, and a major center in the United States for high-tech and biotech research, as well as advanced textile development. The city is a major retail shipping point for eastern North Carolina and a wholesale distributing point for the grocery industry.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Winding Gulf, West Virginia", "paragraph_text": "Winding Gulf is an unincorporated community in Raleigh County, West Virginia, United States. Winding Gulf is located on Winding Gulf south of Sophia.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Patiala and East Punjab States Union", "paragraph_text": "The Patiala and East Punjab States Union (PEPSU) was a state of India uniting eight princely states between 1948 and 1956. The capital and principal city was Patiala. The state covered an area of 26,208 km². Shimla, Kasauli, Kandaghat, Dharampur and Chail also became part of the PEPSU.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Raleigh, North Carolina", "paragraph_text": "Raleigh (/ˈrɑːli/; RAH-lee) is the capital of the state of North Carolina as well as the seat of Wake County in the United States. It is the second most populous city in North Carolina, after Charlotte. Raleigh is known as the \"City of Oaks\" for its many oak trees, which line the streets in the heart of the city. The city covers a land area of 142.8 square miles (370 km2). The U.S. Census Bureau estimated the city's population to be 439,896 as of July 1, 2014. It is also one of the fastest-growing cities in the country. The city of Raleigh is named after Sir Walter Raleigh, who established the lost Roanoke Colony in present-day Dare County.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Raleigh, Mississippi", "paragraph_text": "Raleigh is a town in, and the county seat of, Smith County, Mississippi, United States. The population was 1,462 at the 2010 census, making it the largest town in Smith County. Named for English explorer Sir Walter Raleigh, Raleigh has been home to such Mississippians as Governor Robert Lowry, Governor/U.S. Senator Anselm McLaurin and pioneer William H. Hardy.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Washington (state)", "paragraph_text": "Washington (/ ˈwɒʃɪŋtən / (listen)) is a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. Named after George Washington, the first President of the United States, the state was made out of the western part of the Washington Territory, which had been ceded by Britain in 1846 in accordance with the Oregon Treaty in the settlement of the Oregon boundary dispute. It was admitted to the Union as the 42nd state in 1889. Olympia is the state capital. Washington is sometimes referred to as Washington State or the State of Washington to distinguish it from Washington, D.C., the capital of the U.S., which is often shortened to Washington.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Mabscott, West Virginia", "paragraph_text": "Mabscott is a town in Raleigh County, West Virginia, United States. The population was 1,408 at the 2010 census. The town's name is a contraction of the name Mabel Scott, wife of local coal", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Raleigh, North Carolina", "paragraph_text": "Several other professional sports leagues have had former franchises (now defunct) in Raleigh, including the Raleigh IceCaps of the ECHL (1991–1998); Carolina Cobras of the Arena Football League (2000–2004); the Raleigh–Durham Skyhawks of the World League of American Football (1991); the Raleigh Bullfrogs of the Global Basketball Association (1991–1992); the Raleigh Cougars of the United States Basketball League (1997–1999); and most recently, the Carolina Courage of the Women's United Soccer Association (2000–2001 in Chapel Hill, 2001–2003 in suburban Cary), which won that league's championship Founders Cup in 2002.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Raleigh, North Carolina", "paragraph_text": "Raleigh is an early example in the United States of a planned city, chosen as the site of the state capital in 1788 and incorporated in 1792 as such. The city was originally laid out in a grid pattern with the North Carolina State Capitol in Union Square at the center. In the United States Civil War the city was spared from any significant battle, only falling in the closing days of the war, though it did not escape the economic hardships that plagued the rest of the American South during the Reconstruction Era. The twentieth century saw the opening of the Research Triangle Park in 1959, and with the jobs it created the region and city saw a large influx of population, making it one of the fastest growing communities in the United States by the early 21st century.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 22516, "question": "What state is Raleigh the capital of?", "answer": "North Carolina", "paragraph_support_idx": 14 }, { "id": 68918, "question": "when did #1 become a part of the united states", "answer": "November 21, 1789", "paragraph_support_idx": 4 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Schadowstraße", "paragraph_text": "Schadowstraße is a shopping street in Düsseldorf, Germany, located in the districts of Stadtmitte and Pempelfort. The street cuts through downtown Düsseldorf, starting at Königsallee, passing the Tausendfüßler and reaching up to Berliner Allee. Schadowstraße is named after the German Romantic painter Wilhelm von Schadow.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Llusca Ritti (Corani)", "paragraph_text": "Llusca Ritti (possibly from Quechua \"llusk'a\" polished / slippery, \"rit'i\" snow, \"polished snow\" or \"slippery snow\") is a mountain in the Vilcanota mountain range in the Andes of Peru, about high. It is located in the Puno Region, Carabaya Province, Corani District. Llusca Ritti lies southeast of the mountains Taruca Sayana and Quello Sallayoc, southwest of the mountain Riti Huasi and north of the mountain Yana Sallayoc.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Bogdan Laurentiu Otavă", "paragraph_text": "Otavă competed at the 2014 Winter Olympics for Romania. He teamed with driver Andreas Neagu, Paul Muntean, Florin Cezar Crăciun and Dănuț Moldovan in the four-man event, finishing 24th. Otavă was a replacement for the third run only.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "The Alternative Bride", "paragraph_text": "The Alternative Bride (German: Die vertauschte Braut) is a 1925 German silent film directed by Carl Wilhelm and starring Ida Wüst, Bruno Kastner and Paul Heidemann.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "The Great and the Little Love", "paragraph_text": "The Great and the Little Love (German: Die große und die kleine Liebe) is a 1938 German comedy film directed by Josef von Báky and starring Jenny Jugo, Gustav Fröhlich, Rudi Godden. Jugo plays a stewardess working for Lufthansa. It was filmed partly on location in Italy.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Wilhelm Florin", "paragraph_text": "Wilhelm Florin (born Cologne 16 March 1894:died Moscow 5 July 1944) was a German Communist Party (KPD) politician and a campaigner in opposition to National Socialism.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Paul Muntean", "paragraph_text": "Muntean competed at the 2014 Winter Olympics for Romania. He teamed with driver Andreas Neagu, Florin Cezar Crăciun, Dănuț Moldovan and Bogdan Laurentiu Otavă in the four-man event, finishing 24th.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Andreas Neagu", "paragraph_text": "Neagu competed at the 2014 Winter Olympics for Romania. He teamed with Paul Muntean, Florin Cezar Crăciun, Dănuț Moldovan and Bogdan Laurentiu Otavă in the four-man event, finishing 24th.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Dumb Ways to Die", "paragraph_text": "Dumb Ways to Die is an Australian public service announcement campaign made by Metro Trains in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia to promote railway safety. The campaign video went viral through sharing and social media starting in November 2012.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Florin Vlaicu", "paragraph_text": "Florin Vlaicu (born 26 July 1986 in Bucharest) is a Romanian rugby union footballer. He plays as a fly half or centre. He is Romania's all time leading point scorer and the most capped player.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Fritz Bleyl", "paragraph_text": "Hilmar Friedrich Wilhelm Bleyl, known as Fritz Bleyl (8 October 1880 – 19 August 1966), was a German artist of the Expressionist school, and one of the four founders of artist group Die Brücke (\"The Bridge\"). He designed graphics for the group including, for their first show, a poster, which was banned by the police. He left the group after only two years, when he married, to look after his family, and did not exhibit publicly thereafter.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Fred Meyer Jewelers", "paragraph_text": "Fred Meyer Jewelers started in 1973 as a catalog showroom concept by Fred G. Meyer. As the catalog showroom fad started to die down, Fred Meyer was experiencing excellent sales growth in the fine jewelry category. To capitalize on this sales growth, Fred Meyer placed fine jewelry stores in their large multi-department stores and eventually shopping malls throughout the Western United States.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Climate of Moscow", "paragraph_text": "Snow cover (averaging 3 -- 5 months per year) is formed at the beginning of November and melts in beginning of April, but in recent years snow cover has lasted shorter than usual. For example, in the winter of 2006 -- 2007 the snow cover did n't form until the end of January, and melted at the beginning of March; in 2007 -- 2008, the snow cover melted at the end of February, and in the 2008 -- 2009 winter, snow cover did n't form until the end of December, which is one month later than usual. Yet in 2011 - 2012 it melted in the middle of April.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 13, "title": "The Duty to Remain Silent", "paragraph_text": "The Duty to Remain Silent (German: Die Pflicht zu schweigen) is a 1928 German silent drama film directed by Carl Wilhelm and starring Marcella Albani, Vivian Gibson, Angelo Ferrari. It was based on a novel by Friedrich Werner van Oestéren. The film's art direction was by Max Heilbronner. It premiered on 8 February 1928.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Time After Time (Cyndi Lauper song)", "paragraph_text": "American alternative rock / pop punk band Quietdrive covered the song for their debut album When All That's Left Is You in 2006. The cover version was featured in the 2006 romantic comedy film John Tucker Must Die starring Jesse Metcalfe and Brittany Snow. The cover is their only charting song, hitting number 25 on the American Top 40 Countdown. The cover was certified gold by the RIAA.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Der Fall Molander", "paragraph_text": "The Molander Case () is a 1945 German drama film directed by Georg Wilhelm Pabst. The movie is based on the novel \"Die Sternegeige\" by . On August 28, 1944, Pabst started shooting the movie for Terra Filmkunst. As shooting was just completing at the Barrandov Studios in Prague, and the process of editing begun, Prague was invaded by the Soviets and Pabst was forced to abandon the work. The remaining film is kept at the Národní Filmový Archiv (NFA) in Prague.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Sarvant Glacier", "paragraph_text": "The Sarvant Glacier is a glacier located on the northern slopes of the Cowlitz Chimneys in the state of Washington. Named for Henry M. Sarvant, who mapped Mount Rainier in 1894, the glacier starts at an elevation of about and descends northward down to . There are several patches of permanent ice and snow that lie to the east and west of the glacier. These range in elevation from about to . The patches of ice and snow to the west are labeled Sarvant Glaciers.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "The Lady with the Mask", "paragraph_text": "The Lady with the Mask (German: Die Dame mit der Maske) is a 1928 German silent film directed by Wilhelm Thiele and starring Max Gülstorff, Arlette Marchal and Vladimir Gajdarov.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Snow in Florida", "paragraph_text": "December 23 / 24, 1989: Light rain in Jacksonville turns to freezing rain as temperatures drop, and later changes to snow. The snow totals several inches in some locations, and results in the first White Christmas in the city's history. Picture of the December 23, 1989, Jacksonville snowfall Light snow falls across central Florida as far south as southern Pinellas County on the 23rd, though the official weather station in St. Petersburg experiences only a light sleet.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Darrah, California", "paragraph_text": "Darrah (formerly Snow Creek and Darrah's) is an unincorporated community in Mariposa County, California. It is located on the southeast slope of Buckingham Mountain, on the east bank of Snow Creek, 8 miles (12.8 km) northeast of Mariposa, and south-southwest of El Portal, at an elevation of 3123 feet (952 m).", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 145833, "question": "At what location did Wilhelm Florin die?", "answer": "Moscow", "paragraph_support_idx": 5 }, { "id": 90300, "question": "when does it start to snow in #1", "answer": "the beginning of November", "paragraph_support_idx": 12 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Riverside, California", "paragraph_text": "Riverside is the 59th largest city in the United States, 12th largest city in California, and the largest city in California's Inland Empire metro area. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 81.4 square miles (210.8 km), of which 81.1 square miles (210 km) is land and 0.3 square miles (0.78 km) (0.37%) is water. The elevation of downtown Riverside is 860 feet (260 m). Hills within the city limits include Mount Rubidoux, a city landmark and tourist attraction. Riverside is surrounded by small and large mountains, some of which get a dusting of winter snow. Many residents also enjoy the many beaches of southern California. Riverside is about a 47 - mile drive to the Pacific Ocean and is close to Orange county and Los Angeles county.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Geography of Sweden", "paragraph_text": "Sweden is a country in Northern Europe on the Scandinavian Peninsula. It borders Norway to the west; Finland to the northeast; and the Baltic Sea and Gulf of Bothnia to the south and east. At , Sweden is the 55th largest country in the world. It is the fifth largest in Europe and the largest in Northern Europe.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Kazakhstan", "paragraph_text": "With an area of 2,700,000 square kilometres (1,000,000 sq mi) – equivalent in size to Western Europe – Kazakhstan is the ninth-largest country and largest landlocked country in the world. While it was part of the Soviet Union, Kazakhstan lost some of its territory to China's Xinjiang autonomous region and some to Uzbekistan's Karakalpakstan autonomous republic.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Brazil", "paragraph_text": "Brazil (Portuguese: Brasil Portuguese pronunciation: (bɾaˈziw)), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: República Federativa do Brasil, listen (help info)), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. At 8.5 million square kilometers (3.2 million square miles) and with over 208 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth - largest country by area and the sixth most populous. The capital is Brasília, and the most populated city is São Paulo. The federation is composed of the union of the 26 states, the Federal District, and the 5,570 municipalities. It is the largest country to have Portuguese as an official language and the only one in the Americas; it is also one of the most multicultural and ethnically diverse nations, due to over a century of mass immigration from around the world.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Lake Michigan", "paragraph_text": "Lake Michigan has a surface area of 22,404 sq.mi (58,026 km2); (13,237 square miles, 34,284 km2 lying in Michigan state, 7,358 square miles, 19,056 km2 in Wisconsin, 234 square miles, 606 km2 in Indiana, & 1,576 square miles, 4,079 km2 in Illinois) making it the largest lake entirely within one country by surface area (Lake Baikal, in Russia, is larger by water volume), and the fifth-largest lake in the world. It is the larger half of Lake Michigan–Huron, which is the largest body of fresh water in the world by surface area. It is 307 miles (494 km) long by 118 miles (190 km) wide with a shoreline 1,640 miles (2,640 km) long. The lake's average depth is 46 fathoms 3 feet (279 ft; 85 m), while its greatest depth is 153 fathoms 5 feet (923 ft; 281 m). It contains a volume of 1,180 cubic miles (4,918 km³) of water. Green Bay in the northwest is its largest bay. Grand Traverse Bay in its northeast is another large bay. Lake Michigan's deepest region, which lies in its northern-half, is called Chippewa Basin (named after prehistoric Lake Chippewa) and is separated from South Chippewa Basin, by a relatively deeper area called the Mid Lake Plateau.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Liechtenstein", "paragraph_text": "Liechtenstein is bordered by Switzerland to the west and south and Austria to the east and north. It is Europe's fourth-smallest country, with an area of just over 160 square kilometres (62 square miles) and a population of 37,877. Divided into 11 municipalities, its capital is Vaduz, and its largest municipality is Schaan. It is also the smallest country to border two countries.Economically, Liechtenstein has one of the highest gross domestic products per person in the world when adjusted for purchasing power parity. It was once known as a billionaire tax haven, but is no longer on any blacklists of uncooperative tax haven countries (see taxation section).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "List of European countries by area", "paragraph_text": "Rank Country Area (km2) Notes Russia * 3,972,400 17,098,242 including North Asia Ukraine 603,628 This includes Crimea France * 551,394 643,801 when the overseas departments are included Spain * 498,468 505,992 when the Canary Islands, Ceuta and Melilla are included Sweden 449,964 6 Norway 385,178 This includes Svalbard and Jan Mayen 7 Germany 357,168 8 Finland 338,145 9 Poland 312,685 10 Italy 301,338 11 United Kingdom 248,532 1,976,102 when the British Overseas Territories are included. 12 Romania 238,392 13 Belarus 207,600 14 Kazakhstan * 180,000 (est.) 2,724,902 including Asian part 15 Greece 131,940 16 Bulgaria 110,994 17 Iceland 102,775 18 Hungary 93,030 19 Portugal 91,568 20 Austria 83,858 21 Czech Republic 78,866 22 Serbia 77,453 This excludes Kosovo 23 Ireland 70,273 24 Lithuania 65,300 25 Latvia 64,589 26 Croatia 56,594 27 Bosnia and Herzegovina 51,129 28 Slovakia 49,036 29 Estonia 45,339 30 Denmark 44,493 This includes Faroe Islands; 2,210,579 including Greenland 31 Switzerland 41,290 32 Netherlands 41,198 Excluding Caribbean Netherlands, Aruba, Curacao and Sint Maarten. 33 Moldova 33,846 34 Belgium 30,510 35 Albania 28,748 36 Macedonia (Former Yugoslavian Republic) 25,713 37 Turkey * 23,507 783,562 including Asian part 38 Slovenia 20,273 39 Montenegro 13,812 40 Kosovo 10,908 Partially recognized state 41 Cyprus 9,251 42 Azerbaijan * 6,960 86,600 including Asian part 43 Luxembourg 2,586 44 Georgia * 2,428 69,700 including Asian part 45 Andorra 468 46 Malta 316 47 Liechtenstein 160 48 San Marino 61 49 Monaco 1.95 50 Vatican City 0.44 Total 10,141,183 ± 5,000", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Switzerland", "paragraph_text": "Extending across the north and south side of the Alps in west-central Europe, Switzerland encompasses a great diversity of landscapes and climates on a limited area of 41,285 square kilometres (15,940 sq mi). The population is about 8 million, resulting in an average population density of around 195 people per square kilometre (500/sq mi). The more mountainous southern half of the country is far more sparsely populated than the northern half. In the largest Canton of Graubünden, lying entirely in the Alps, population density falls to 27 /km² (70 /sq mi).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Charles Square", "paragraph_text": "Charles Square () is a city square in the New Town of Prague, Czech Republic. At roughly 80,550 m² it is one of the largest squares in the world and was the largest town square of the medieval Europe. Founded in 1348 as the main square of the New Town by Charles IV, it was known as \"Dobytčí trh\" (Cattle Market) from the 15th century and finally named after its founder in 1848. The central portion of the square was turned into a park in the 1860s.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Funafuti", "paragraph_text": "Funafuti is an atoll and the capital of the island nation of Tuvalu. It has a population of 6,025 people, making it the country's most populated atoll, with 56.6 percent of Tuvalu's population. It is a narrow sweep of land between 20 and 400 metres (66 and 1,312 feet) wide, encircling a large lagoon (Te Namo) 18 km (11 miles) long and 14 km (9 miles) wide. The average depth in the Funafuti lagoon is about 20 fathoms (36.5 metres or 120 feet). With a surface of 275 square kilometres (106.2 sq mi), it is by far the largest lagoon in Tuvalu. The land area of the 33 islets aggregates to 2.4 square kilometres (0.9 sq mi), less than one percent of the total area of the atoll. Cargo ships can enter Funafuti's lagoon and dock at the port facilities on Fongafale.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Philadelphia", "paragraph_text": "Throughout the 19th century, Philadelphia had a variety of industries and businesses, the largest being textiles. Major corporations in the 19th and early 20th centuries included the Baldwin Locomotive Works, William Cramp and Sons Ship and Engine Building Company, and the Pennsylvania Railroad. Industry, along with the U.S. Centennial, was celebrated in 1876 with the Centennial Exposition, the first official World's Fair in the United States. Immigrants, mostly Irish and German, settled in Philadelphia and the surrounding districts. The rise in population of the surrounding districts helped lead to the Act of Consolidation of 1854, which extended the city limits of Philadelphia from the 2 square miles of present-day Center City to the roughly 130 square miles of Philadelphia County.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Belgium", "paragraph_text": "Belgium, officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a country in Western Europe bordered by France, the Netherlands, Germany and Luxembourg. A small and densely populated country, it covers an area of 30,528 square kilometres (11,787 sq mi) and has a population of more than 11 million. Straddling the cultural boundary between Germanic and Latin Europe, Belgium is home to two main linguistic groups: the Dutch - speaking, mostly Flemish community, which constitutes about 59 percent of the population, and the French - speaking, mostly Walloon population, which comprises about 40 percent of all Belgians. Additionally, there is a small group of German speakers, numbering around one percent, who live in the East Cantons. The capital and largest city is Brussels; other major cities are Antwerp, Ghent, Charleroi and Liège.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Russia", "paragraph_text": "Russia (/ ˈrʌʃə / (listen); Russian: Росси́я, tr. Rossiya; IPA: (rɐˈsjijə)), also officially known as the Russian Federation (Russian: Российская Федерация, tr. Rossiyskaya Federatsiya; IPA: (rɐˈsijskəjə fjɪdjɪˈratsɨjə)), is a country in Eurasia. At 17,125,200 square kilometres (6,612,100 sq mi), Russia is the largest country in the world by surface area, covering more than one - eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area, and the ninth most populous, with over 144 million people at the end of March 2016. The European western part of the country is much more populated and urbanised than the eastern; about 77% of the population live in European Russia. Russia's capital Moscow is one of the largest cities in the world; other major urban centers include Saint Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg, Chelyabinsk, Nizhny Novgorod, Ufa, and Kazan.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Paris", "paragraph_text": "Paris (French pronunciation: ​ (paʁi) (listen)) is the capital and most populous city in France, with an administrative - limits area of 105 square kilometres (41 square miles) and an official population of 2,206,488 (2015). The city is a commune and department, and the heart of the 12,012 - square - kilometre (4,638 - square - mile) Île - de-France region (colloquially known as the 'Paris Region'), whose 2016 population of 12,142,802 represented roughly 18 percent of the population of France. Since the 17th century, Paris has been one of Europe's major centres of finance, commerce, fashion, science, and the arts. The Paris Region had a GDP of €649.6 billion (US $763.4 billion) in 2014, accounting for 30.4 percent of the GDP of France. According to official estimates, in 2013 - 14 the Paris Region had the third - highest GDP in the world and the largest regional GDP in the EU.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Africa", "paragraph_text": "Africa is the world's second largest and second most - populous continent (behind Asia in both categories). At about 30.3 million km (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of Earth's total surface area and 20% of its land area. With 1.2 billion people as of 2016, it accounts for about 16% of the world's human population. The continent is surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, the Isthmus of Suez and the Red Sea to the northeast, the Indian Ocean to the southeast and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. The continent includes Madagascar and various archipelagos. It contains 54 fully recognised sovereign states (countries), nine territories and two de facto independent states with limited or no recognition. The majority of the continent and its countries are in the Northern Hemisphere, with a substantial portion and number of countries in the Southern Hemisphere.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Punjab, Pakistan", "paragraph_text": "Punjab (Urdu, Punjabi: پنجاب, panj-āb, \"five waters\": listen (help·info)), also spelled Panjab, is the most populous of the four provinces of Pakistan. It has an area of 205,344 square kilometres (79,284 square miles) and a population of 91.379.615 in 2011, approximately 56% of the country's total population. Its provincial capital and largest city is Lahore. Punjab is bordered by the Indian states of Jammu and Kashmir to the northeast and Punjab and Rajasthan to the east. In Pakistan it is bordered by Sindh to the south, Balochistān and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa to the west, and Islamabad and Azad Kashmir to the north.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "European Russia", "paragraph_text": "European Russia is the western part of Russia that is a part of Eastern Europe. With a population of 110 million people, European Russia has about 77% of Russia's population, but covers less than 25% of Russia's territory. European Russia includes Moscow and Saint Petersburg, the two largest cities in Russia.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 17, "title": "China", "paragraph_text": "China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a unitary sovereign state in East Asia and the world's most populous country, with a population of around 1.404 billion. Covering approximately 9.6 million square kilometres (3.7 million square miles), it is the world's second - largest state by land area and third - or fourth - largest by total area. Governed by the Communist Party of China, it exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces, five autonomous regions, four direct - controlled municipalities (Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Chongqing) and the Special Administrative Regions Hong Kong and Macau, also claiming sovereignty over Taiwan. China is a great power and a major regional power within Asia, and has been characterized as a potential superpower.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Costa Rica", "paragraph_text": "Costa Rica (/ ˌkɒstə ˈriːkə / (listen); Spanish: (ˈkosta ˈrika); ``Rich Coast ''), officially the Republic of Costa Rica (Spanish: República de Costa Rica), is a country in Central America, bordered by Nicaragua to the north, Panama to the southeast, the Pacific Ocean to the west, the Caribbean Sea to the east, and Ecuador to the south of Cocos Island. It has a population of around 4.9 million, in a land area of 51,060 square kilometers (19,714 square miles); over 300,000 live in the capital and largest city, San José, which had a population of an estimated 333,980 in 2015.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Canada", "paragraph_text": "Canada (/ ˈkænədə / (listen); French: (kanadɑ)) is a country in the northern part of North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering 9.98 million square kilometres (3.85 million square miles), making it the world's second - largest country by total area and the fourth - largest country by land area. Canada's southern border with the United States is the world's longest bi-national land border. The majority of the country has a cold or severely cold winter climate, but southerly areas are warm in summer. Canada is sparsely populated, the majority of its land territory being dominated by forest and tundra and the Rocky Mountains. It is highly urbanized with 82 per cent of the 35.15 million people concentrated in large and medium - sized cities, many near the southern border. Its capital is Ottawa, and its five largest metropolitan areas are Toronto, Montreal, Vancouver, Calgary and Ottawa.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 53235, "question": "what is the largest country in europe by square miles", "answer": "Russia *", "paragraph_support_idx": 6 }, { "id": 63133, "question": "where is the majority of #1 ’s population found", "answer": "the western part of Russia", "paragraph_support_idx": 16 } ]

[ "Russian Federation", "Rus", "ru", "Rossiyskaya Federatsiya", "RUS", "Russia", "Rossiya", "RU" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "NSPCL Bhilai Power Plant", "paragraph_text": "The NSPCL Bhilai Power Plant is a coal-fired captive power station at Bhilai in Durg district, Chhattisgarh, India. The power station owned and operated by NSPCL is a 50:50 joint venture company of NTPC Limited and SAIL to generate power for captive purposes of various steel plants owned by SAIL.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Division of Korea", "paragraph_text": "A Soviet - US Joint Commission met in 1946 and 1947 to work towards a unified administration, but failed to make progress due to increasing Cold War antagonism and to Korean opposition to the trusteeship. Meanwhile, the division between the two zones deepened. The difference in policy between the occupying powers led to a polarization of politics, and a transfer of population between North and South. In May 1946 it was made illegal to cross the 38th parallel without a permit.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Group (mathematics)", "paragraph_text": "For any prime number p, there is also the multiplicative group of integers modulo p. Its elements are the integers 1 to p − 1. The group operation is multiplication modulo p. That is, the usual product is divided by p and the remainder of this division is the result of modular multiplication. For example, if p = 5, there are four group elements 1, 2, 3, 4. In this group, 4 · 4 = 1, because the usual product 16 is equivalent to 1, which divided by 5 yields a remainder of 1. for 5 divides 16 − 1 = 15, denoted", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Dennard scaling", "paragraph_text": "Dennard scaling, also known as MOSFET scaling, is a scaling law based on a 1974 paper co-authored by Robert H. Dennard, after whom it is named. Originally formulated for MOSFETs, it states, roughly, that as transistors get smaller, their power density stays constant, so that the power use stays in proportion with area; both voltage and current scale (downward) with length.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Modern history", "paragraph_text": "On December 7, 1941, Japan attacked the United States at Pearl Harbor, bringing it too into the war on the Allied side. China also joined the Allies, as eventually did most of the rest of the world. China was in turmoil at the time, and attacked Japanese armies through guerilla-type warfare. By the beginning of 1942, the major combatants were aligned as follows: the British Commonwealth, the United States, and the Soviet Union were fighting Germany and Italy; and the British Commonwealth, China, and the United States were fighting Japan. The United Kingdom, the United States, the Soviet Union and China were referred as a \"trusteeship of the powerful\" during the World War II and were recognized as the Allied \"Big Four\" in Declaration by United Nations These four countries were considered as the \"Four Policemen\" or \"Four Sheriffs\" of the Allies power and primary victors of World War II. From then through August 1945, battles raged across all of Europe, in the North Atlantic Ocean, across North Africa, throughout Southeast Asia, throughout China, across the Pacific Ocean and in the air over Japan.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Liapootah Power Station", "paragraph_text": "The Liapootah Power Station is a run-of-the-river hydroelectric power station located in the Central Highlands region of Tasmania, Australia. The power station is situated on the Lower River Derwent catchment and is owned and operated by Hydro Tasmania.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "51st state", "paragraph_text": "In Article 3 of the Treaty of San Francisco between the Allied Powers and Japan, which came into force in April 1952, the U.S. put the outlying islands of the Ryukyus, including the island of Okinawa—home to over 1 million Okinawans related to the Japanese—and the Bonin Islands, the Volcano Islands, and Iwo Jima into U.S. trusteeship. All these trusteeships were slowly returned to Japanese rule. Okinawa was returned on May 15, 1972, but the U.S. stations troops in the island's bases as a defense for Japan.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Heavy machine gun", "paragraph_text": "There were thus two main types of heavy, rapid-fire weapons: the manually powered, multiple-barrel machine guns and the single-barrel Maxim guns. By the end of the 19th century, many new designs such as the M1895 Colt–Browning and Hotchkiss were developed, powered by gas operation or recoil operation. Also, rather than the heavy water jacket, new designs introduced other types of barrel cooling, such as barrel replacement, metal fins, heat sinks or some combination of these.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Cluny Power Station", "paragraph_text": "The Cluny Power Station is a conventional hydroelectric power station located in the Central Highlands region of Tasmania, Australia. The power station is situated on the Lower River Derwent catchment and is owned and operated by Hydro Tasmania.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "United Nations Trusteeship Council", "paragraph_text": "United Nations Trusteeship Council The chamber of the UN Trusteeship Council, United Nations headquarters / UN headquarters, New York Formation 1945 Type Principal Organ Legal status Inactive (As of 1994) Head President Alexis Lamek France Vice-President Peter Wilson United Kingdom Website www.un.org/en/mainbodies/trusteeship", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Quran", "paragraph_text": "In addition to and independent of the division into suras, there are various ways of dividing the Quran into parts of approximately equal length for convenience in reading. The 30 juz' (plural ajzāʼ) can be used to read through the entire Quran in a month. Some of these parts are known by names—which are the first few words by which the juzʼ starts. A juz' is sometimes further divided into two ḥizb (plural aḥzāb), and each hizb subdivided into four rubʻ al-ahzab. The Quran is also divided into seven approximately equal parts, manzil (plural manāzil), for it to be recited in a week.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Canadian Armed Forces", "paragraph_text": "The Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF) is headed by the Commander of the Royal Canadian Air Force. The commander of 1 Canadian Air Division and Canadian NORAD Region, based in Winnipeg, is responsible for the operational command and control of Air Force activities throughout Canada and worldwide. 1 Canadian Air Division operations are carried out through eleven wings located across Canada. The commander of 2 Canadian Air Division is responsible for training and support functions. 2 Canadian Air Division operations are carried out at two wings. Wings represent the grouping of various squadrons, both operational and support, under a single tactical commander reporting to the operational commander and vary in size from several hundred personnel to several thousand.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Great power", "paragraph_text": "Milena Sterio, American expert of international law, includes the former axis powers (Germany, Italy and Japan) and India among the great powers along with the permanent members of the UNSC. She considers Germany, Japan and Italy to be great powers due to their G7 membership and because of their influence in regional and international organizations. Various authors describe Italy as an equal major power, while others view Italy as an \"intermittent great power\" or as \"the least of the great powers\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Great power", "paragraph_text": "All states have a geographic scope of interests, actions, or projected power. This is a crucial factor in distinguishing a great power from a regional power; by definition the scope of a regional power is restricted to its region. It has been suggested that a great power should be possessed of actual influence throughout the scope of the prevailing international system. Arnold J. Toynbee, for example, observes that \"Great power may be defined as a political force exerting an effect co-extensive with the widest range of the society in which it operates. The Great powers of 1914 were 'world-powers' because Western society had recently become 'world-wide'.\"", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Strasbourg", "paragraph_text": "City transportation in Strasbourg includes the futurist-looking Strasbourg tramway that opened in 1994 and is operated by the regional transit company Compagnie des Transports Strasbourgeois (CTS), consisting of 6 lines with a total length of 55.8 km (34.7 mi). The CTS also operates a comprehensive bus network throughout the city that is integrated with the trams. With more than 500 km (311 mi) of bicycle paths, biking in the city is convenient and the CTS operates a cheap bike-sharing scheme named Vélhop'. The CTS, and its predecessors, also operated a previous generation of tram system between 1878 and 1960, complemented by trolleybus routes between 1939 and 1962.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Separation of powers under the United States Constitution", "paragraph_text": "Marshall's words and future court decisions gave Congress much latitude in delegating powers. It was not until the 1930s that the Supreme Court held a delegation of authority unconstitutional. In a case involving the creation of the National Recovery Administration called A.L.A. Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States, 295 U.S. 495 (1935), Congress could not authorize the president to formulate codes of \"fair competition.\" It was held that Congress must set some standards governing the actions of executive officers. The Court, however, has deemed that phrases such as \"just and reasonable,\" \"public interest\" and \"public convenience\" suffice.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Repulse Power Station", "paragraph_text": "The Repulse Power Station is a conventional hydroelectric power station located in the Central Highlands region of Tasmania, Australia. The power station is situated on the Lower River Derwent catchment and is owned and operated by Hydro Tasmania.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "John von Neumann", "paragraph_text": "The physics of quantum mechanics was thereby reduced to the mathematics of Hilbert spaces and linear operators acting on them. For example, the uncertainty principle, according to which the determination of the position of a particle prevents the determination of its momentum and vice versa, is translated into the non-commutativity of the two corresponding operators. This new mathematical formulation included as special cases the formulations of both Heisenberg and Schrödinger. When Heisenberg was informed von Neumann had clarified the difference between an unbounded operator that was a Self-adjoint operator and one that was merely symmetric, Heisenberg replied \"Eh? What is the difference?\"", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Linus's Law", "paragraph_text": "Linus's Law is a claim about software development, named in honor of Linus Torvalds and formulated by Eric S. Raymond in his essay and book \"The Cathedral and the Bazaar\" (1999). The law states that \"given enough eyeballs, all bugs are shallow\"; or more formally: \"Given a large enough beta-tester and co-developer base, almost every problem will be characterized quickly and the fix obvious to someone.\" Presenting the code to multiple developers with the purpose of reaching consensus about its acceptance is a simple form of software reviewing. Researchers and practitioners have repeatedly shown the effectiveness of various types of reviewing process in finding bugs and security issues, and also that .", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Near East", "paragraph_text": "The United Nations formulates multiple regional divisions as is convenient for its various operations. But few of them include a Near East, and that poorly defined. UNICEF recognizes the \"Middle East and North Africa\" region, where the Middle East is bounded by the Red Sea on the west and includes Iran on the east. UNESCO recognizes neither a Near East nor a Middle East, dividing the countries instead among three regions: Arab States, Asia and the Pacific, and Africa. Its division \"does not forcibly reflect geography\" but \"refers to the execution of regional activities.\" The United Nations Statistics Division defines Western Asia to contain the countries included elsewhere in the Middle East. The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) describes its entire theatre of operations as the Near East, but then assigns many of its members to other regions as well; for example, Cyprus, Malta and Turkey are in both the European and the Near Eastern regions. Its total area extends further into Central Asia than that of most agencies.", "is_supporting": true } ]

[ { "id": 10001, "question": "Who formulates multiple regional divisions as is convenient for its various operations?", "answer": "The United Nations", "paragraph_support_idx": 19 }, { "id": 33297, "question": "What did The #1 name \"The Trusteeship Of The Powerful\"", "answer": "\"Four Policemen\"", "paragraph_support_idx": 4 } ]

[ "Four Policemen" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Atlantic City, New Jersey", "paragraph_text": "The median income for a household in the city was $26,969, and the median income for a family was $31,997. Males had a median income of $25,471 versus $23,863 for females. The per capita income for the city was $15,402. About 19.1% of families and 23.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 29.1% of those under age 18 and 18.9% of those age 65 or over.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "WKOA", "paragraph_text": "WKOA (105.3 FM), known as \"K 105\", is a radio station licensed to the city of Lafayette, Indiana. The station operates on the FM radio frequency of 105.3 MHz, FM channel 287. The studios are located at 3575 McCarty Lane in Lafayette, Indiana. The tower is located at the same location.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Juliaetta, Idaho", "paragraph_text": "The median income for a household in the city was $33,295, and the median income for a family was $39,250. Males had a median income of $31,875 versus $18,594 for females. The per capita income for the city was $14,606. About 4.2% of families and 12.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 16.7% of those under age 18 and 5.7% of those age 65 or over.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "New Hope, Minnesota", "paragraph_text": "The median income for a household in the city was $46,795, and the median income for a family was $60,424. Males had a median income of $41,192 versus $29,454 for females. The per capita income for the city was $23,562. About 4.1% of families and 6.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.8% of those under age 18 and 6.3% of those age 65 or over.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "WTKP", "paragraph_text": "WTKP (93.5 FM) is a commercial radio station located in Port St. Joe, Florida broadcasting in the Panama City area on 93.5 FM.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "WBUR-FM", "paragraph_text": "WBUR-FM (90.9 FM) is a public radio station located in Boston, Massachusetts, owned by Boston University. WBUR is the largest of three NPR member stations in Boston, along with WGBH and WUMB-FM. WBUR produces several nationally distributed programs, including \"Car Talk\", \"On Point\", \"Only a Game\", \"Here and Now\" and \"Open Source\", and previously produced \"The Connection\" (which was canceled on August 5, 2005). \"RadioBoston\", launched in 2007, is WBUR's only purely local show. WBUR's positioning statement is \"Boston's NPR News Station\".", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Atlantic City, New Jersey", "paragraph_text": "The Census Bureau's 2006–2010 American Community Survey showed that (in 2010 inflation-adjusted dollars) median household income was $30,237 (with a margin of error of +/- $2,354) and the median family income was $35,488 (+/- $2,607). Males had a median income of $32,207 (+/- $1,641) versus $29,298 (+/- $1,380) for females. The per capita income for the city was $20,069 (+/- $2,532). About 23.1% of families and 25.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 36.6% of those under age 18 and 16.8% of those age 65 or over.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Detroit", "paragraph_text": "The loss of industrial and working-class jobs in the city has resulted in high rates of poverty and associated problems. From 2000 to 2009, the city's estimated median household income fell from $29,526 to $26,098. As of 2010[update] the mean income of Detroit is below the overall U.S. average by several thousand dollars. Of every three Detroit residents, one lives in poverty. Luke Bergmann, author of Getting Ghost: Two Young Lives and the Struggle for the Soul of an American City, said in 2010, \"Detroit is now one of the poorest big cities in the country.\"", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "San Diego", "paragraph_text": "In 2000, the median income for a household in the city was $45,733, and the median income for a family was $53,060. Males had a median income of $36,984 versus $31,076 for females. The per capita income for the city was $23,609. According to Forbes in 2005, San Diego was the fifth wealthiest U.S. city but about 10.6% of families and 14.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 20.0% of those under age 18 and 7.6% of those age 65 or over. Nonetheless, San Diego was rated the fifth-best place to live in the United States in 2006 by Money magazine.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Friend, Nebraska", "paragraph_text": "As of 2000 the median income for a household in the city was $34,833, and the median income for a family was $40,667. Males had a median income of $32,946 versus $17,829 for females. The per capita income for the city was $17,422. About 4.9% of families and 6.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.3% of those under age 18 and 6.5% of those age 65 or over.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Household income in the United States", "paragraph_text": "Another common measurement of personal income is the mean household income. Unlike the median household income, which divides all households in two halves, the mean income is the average income earned by American households. In the case of mean income, the income of all households is divided by the number of all households. The mean income is usually more affected by the relatively unequal distribution of income which tilts towards the top. As a result, the mean tends to be higher than the median income, with the top earning households boosting it. Overall, the mean household income in the United States, according to the US Census Bureau 2014 Annual Social and Economic Supplement, was $72,641.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "KFLQ", "paragraph_text": "KFLQ (91.5 FM) is a Christian radio station located in Albuquerque, New Mexico. It is part of the Family Life Radio network.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "CBVE-FM", "paragraph_text": "CBVE-FM is a Canadian radio station, which broadcasts the programming of the CBC Radio One network at 104.7 FM in Quebec City, Quebec. The station's main transmitter is located at Mount Bélair. Its studios are co-located with its francophone sister stations on Rue St-Jean in Downtown Quebec City.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Boston", "paragraph_text": "The median household income in Boston was $51,739, while the median income for a family was $61,035. Full-time year-round male workers had a median income of $52,544 versus $46,540 for full-time year-round female workers. The per capita income for the city was $33,158. 21.4% of the population and 16.0% of families are below the poverty line. Of the total population, 28.8% of those under the age of 18 and 20.4% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Birmingham, Iowa", "paragraph_text": "The median income for a household in the city was $31,406, and the median income for a family was $40,250. Males had a median income of $27,614 versus $20,536 for females. The per capita income for the city was $15,554. 8.8% of the population and 3.5% of families were below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 10.1% of those under the age of 18 and 11.0% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "KFLT-FM", "paragraph_text": "KFLT-FM (104.1 FM) is a religious radio station in Tucson, Arizona. KFLT-FM is owned by Family Life Broadcasting, Inc. It is based from studios co-located with television station KGUN-TV in Tucson, and a transmitter site is located in the city's northwest side.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "KXXY-FM", "paragraph_text": "KXXY-FM (96.1 FM, \"96.1 KXY\") is a country music formatted radio station serving the Oklahoma City area and is owned by iHeartMedia, Inc.. KXY was the flagship station of the Oklahoma City Barons hockey team before they left Oklahoma City. Its transmitter is located in Northeast Oklahoma City, and studios are located at the 50 Penn Place building on the Northwest side.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "KKHK", "paragraph_text": "KKHK (95.5 FM, \"Bob FM\") is a commercial adult hits radio station in Carmel, California, broadcasting to the Santa Cruz-Monterey-Salinas, California area on 95.5 FM. Its studios are in Monterey while its transmitter is located east of the city.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Richland County, South Carolina", "paragraph_text": "As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 384,504 people, 145,194 households, and 89,357 families residing in the county. The population density was 507.9 inhabitants per square mile (196.1/km2). There were 161,725 housing units at an average density of 213.6 per square mile (82.5/km2). The racial makeup of the county was 47.3% white, 45.9% black or African American, 2.2% Asian, 0.3% American Indian, 0.1% Pacific islander, 1.9% from other races, and 2.2% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 4.8% of the population. In terms of ancestry, 9.6% were German, 8.6% were English, 7.6% were Irish, and 7.1% were American.Of the 145,194 households, 32.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 39.6% were married couples living together, 17.7% had a female householder with no husband present, 38.5% were non-families, and 30.2% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.43 and the average family size was 3.05. The median age was 32.6 years.The median income for a household in the county was $47,922 and the median income for a family was $61,622. Males had a median income of $42,453 versus $34,012 for females. The per capita income for the county was $25,805. About 10.0% of families and 14.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 17.6% of those under age 18 and 9.7% of those age 65 or over.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Clay Center, Kansas", "paragraph_text": "The median income for a household in the city was $31,531, and the median income for a family was $45,567. Males had a median income of $29,526 versus $16,149 for females. The per capita income for the city was $19,128. About 5.9% of families and 9.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 12.5% of those under age 18 and 10.0% of those age 65 or over.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 128489, "question": "What city is WBUR-FM located?", "answer": "Boston", "paragraph_support_idx": 5 }, { "id": 6862, "question": "What is the average family income in #1 ?", "answer": "$61,035", "paragraph_support_idx": 13 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Monument to the Revolution of the people of Moslavina", "paragraph_text": "Monument to the Revolution of the people of Moslavina or simply Monument to the Revolution () is a World War II memorial sculpture by Dušan Džamonja, located in Podgarić, Berek, Croatia. It is dedicated to the people of Moslavina during World War II.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Ludwig Bieringer", "paragraph_text": "Ludwig Bieringer (1892–1975) was a German general during World War II. A lifelong professional soldier, he served his country as a junior officer in World War I, a staff officer in the inter-war period and a brigade-level commander during World War II.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Headquarters of the United Nations", "paragraph_text": "The site of the UN headquarters has extraterritoriality status. This affects some law enforcement where UN rules override the laws of New York City, but it does not give immunity to those who commit crimes there. In addition, the United Nations Headquarters remains under the jurisdiction and laws of the United States, although a few members of the UN staff have diplomatic immunity and so can not be prosecuted by local courts unless the diplomatic immunity is waived by the Secretary - General. In 2005, Secretary - General Kofi Annan waived the immunity of Benon Sevan, Aleksandr Yakovlev, and Vladimir Kuznetsov in relation to the Oil - for - Food Programme, and all were charged in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York. Benon Sevan later fled the United States to Cyprus, while Aleksandr Yakovlev and Vladimir Kuznetsov decided to stand trial.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Aftermath of World War II", "paragraph_text": "As a consequence of the war, the Allies created the United Nations, an organization for international cooperation and diplomacy, similar to the League of Nations. Members of the United Nations agreed to outlaw wars of aggression in an attempt to avoid a third world war. The devastated great powers of Western Europe formed the European Coal and Steel Community, which later evolved into the European Common Market and ultimately into the current European Union. This effort primarily began as an attempt to avoid another war between Germany and France by economic cooperation and integration, and a common market for important natural resources.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Armenian General Benevolent Union", "paragraph_text": "The Armenian General Benevolent Union (AGBU, , \"Haykakan Baregortsakan Endhanur Miutyun\", ) is a non-profit Armenian organization established in Cairo, Egypt, in 1906. With the onset of World War II, headquarters were moved to New York City, New York.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "The World in Action", "paragraph_text": "The World in Action (aka World in Action) was a monthly series of propaganda films from the National Film Board of Canada (NFB), created to boost morale and show the Allied war effort during the Second World War.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Delbert L. Bristol", "paragraph_text": "Delbert L. Bristol (September 20, 1918 – April 3, 1980) served as an Aviation Artillery Officer attached to the II Corps during World War II and was the first such officer to create a Corps level Air Artillery staff. His negotiations during the transition of the Army Air Corps into the United States Air Force assisted in the establishment of the Army's organic aviation efforts following the separation. He was inducted in the Army Aviation Hall of Fame in 1976.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Miła 18", "paragraph_text": "Ulica Miła 18 (or 18 Pleasant Street in English) was the headquarters \"bunker\" (actually a hidden shelter) of the Jewish Combat Organization (ŻOB), a Jewish resistance group in the Warsaw Ghetto in Poland during World War II.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Joachim Degener", "paragraph_text": "Joachim Degener was a German general in the Wehrmacht during World War II. A lifelong professional soldier, he served his country as a junior officer in World War I, a staff officer in the inter-war period and a brigade-level commander during World War II.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "2005 Nobel Peace Prize", "paragraph_text": "The 2005 Nobel Peace Prize was awarded to International Atomic Energy Agency and Mohamed ElBaradei \"for their efforts to prevent nuclear energy from being used for military purposes and to ensure that nuclear energy for peaceful purposes is used in the safest possible way\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Gilbert Sardier", "paragraph_text": "Lieutenant Jean Marie Luc Gilbert Sardier was a World War I flying ace credited with 15 aerial victories. He remained active in aviation following World War I. During World War II, he was deeply involved in a veterans organization that collaborated with the occupying Nazis.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "World War II", "paragraph_text": "World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although conflicts reflecting the ideological clash between what would become the Allied and Axis blocs began earlier. The vast majority of the world's countries -- including all of the great powers -- eventually formed two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. It was the most global war in history; it directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries. In a state of total war, the major participants threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort, blurring the distinction between civilian and military resources. World War II was the deadliest conflict in human history, marked by 50 to 85 million fatalities, most of which were civilians in the Soviet Union and China. It included massacres, the genocide of the Holocaust, strategic bombing, premeditated death from starvation and disease and the only use of nuclear weapons in war.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Höffner (furniture retailer)", "paragraph_text": "Höffner is a furniture retailer in Germany. A company of that name was founded in 1874 by Rudolf Höffner, and became Berlin's biggest furniture retailer before World War II. Based in the eastern part of Berlin, the company was discontinued after the war. In 1967 Kurt Krieger bought the right to the name \"Höffner\" and created a new company under that name. This company was initially based in Berlin-Wedding, but the headquarters moved to Schönefeld, Brandenburg after Germany's reunification.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "World War II", "paragraph_text": "World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although related conflicts began earlier. The vast majority of the world's countries -- including all of the great powers -- eventually formed two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. It was the most global war in history; it directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries. In a state of total war, the major participants threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort, blurring the distinction between civilian and military resources. World War II was the deadliest conflict in human history, marked by 50 to 85 million fatalities, most of which were civilians in the Soviet Union and China. It included massacres, the genocide of the Holocaust, strategic bombing, starvation, disease, and the first use of nuclear weapons in history.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Loose lips sink ships", "paragraph_text": "The phrase originated on propaganda posters during World War II. The phrase was created by the War Advertising Council and used on posters by the United States Office of War Information.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Modern history", "paragraph_text": "The interwar period was also marked by a radical change in the international order, away from the balance of power that had dominated pre–World War I Europe. One main institution that was meant to bring stability was the League of Nations, which was created after the First World War with the intention of maintaining world security and peace and encouraging economic growth between member countries. The League was undermined by the bellicosity of Nazi Germany, Imperial Japan, the Soviet Union, and Mussolini's Italy, and by the non-participation of the United States, leading many to question its effectiveness and legitimacy.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "New York City", "paragraph_text": "Returning World War II veterans created a post-war economic boom and the development of large housing tracts in eastern Queens. New York emerged from the war unscathed as the leading city of the world, with Wall Street leading America's place as the world's dominant economic power. The United Nations Headquarters was completed in 1952, solidifying New York's global geopolitical influence, and the rise of abstract expressionism in the city precipitated New York's displacement of Paris as the center of the art world.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "World War II", "paragraph_text": "World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although related conflicts began earlier. The vast majority of the world's countries -- including all of the great powers -- eventually formed two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. It was the most global war in history; it directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries. In a state of total war, the major participants threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort, blurring the distinction between civilian and military resources. World War II was the deadliest conflict in human history, marked by 50 to 85 million fatalities, most of which were civilians in the Soviet Union and China. It included massacres, the genocide of the Holocaust, strategic bombing, premeditated death from starvation and disease and the only use of nuclear weapons in war.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Henry Browne, Farmer", "paragraph_text": "Henry Browne, Farmer is an American short propaganda film produced in 1942 about African-American contributions to the war effort during World War II. It is narrated by Canada Lee.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "United Kingdom–United States relations", "paragraph_text": "Through times of war and rebellion, peace and estrangement, as well as becoming friends and allies, Britain and the US cemented these deeply rooted links during World War II into what is known as the ``Special Relationship. ''In long - term perspective, the historian Paul Johnson has called it the`` cornerstone of the modern, democratic world order''.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 86132, "question": "which organization was created after world war ii in an effort to ensure peace in the world", "answer": "the United Nations", "paragraph_support_idx": 3 }, { "id": 66386, "question": "the country where the headquarters of #1 is located", "answer": "the United States", "paragraph_support_idx": 2 } ]

[ "the US", "United States", "US", "America" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Pfänderbahn", "paragraph_text": "The Pfänderbahn is a cable car in Bregenz in the Austrian province of Vorarlberg. It connects the valley at 419 meters above sea level with the 1022 meter high mountain station near the Pfänderspitze.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Carlos de Sigüenza y Góngora", "paragraph_text": "Don Carlos de Sigüenza y Góngora (August 14, 1645 – August 22, 1700) was one of the first great intellectuals born in the Spanish viceroyalty of New Spain (Mexico City). He was a criollo patriot, exalting New Spain over Old. A polymath and writer, he held many colonial government and academic positions.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Hans Dersch", "paragraph_text": "Hans F. Dersch (born December 25, 1967) is an American former competition swimmer and breaststroke specialist who represented the United States at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Spain. There he won the gold medal in the men's 4×100-meter medley relay, after having swum in the preliminary heats for the winning U.S. team. Dersch was a two-time gold medalist at the 1991 Pan American Games.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Juan Gutiérrez de Padilla", "paragraph_text": "He was born in Málaga, Spain but moved to Puebla, Mexico, in 1620 to compose music in the New World. At the time New Spain was a viceroyalty of Spain that included modern day Mexico, Guatemala, the Philippines and other parts of Central America and the Caribbean. Padilla is one of the more important composers represented in the manuscripts at Puebla, Mexico and the Hackenberry collection in Chicago, Illinois. He worked at Puebla de Los Angeles, Mexico, which in Baroque times was a bigger religious center than Mexico City itself. He was appointed \"maestro de capilla\" of Puebla Cathedral in 1628.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Norsjø", "paragraph_text": "Norsjø is a lake in the municipalities of Skien, Nome and Sauherad in Telemark county, Norway. It is 55 km² in area and 15 meters above sea level.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Luis de Quintanar", "paragraph_text": "José Luis de Quintanar Soto y Ruiz (born December 22, 1772, San Juan del Río, Querétaro - November 16, 1837, Mexico City) was a Royalist military officer in colonial New Spain, and a politician after the 1821 independence of Mexico.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Kjelkehøene", "paragraph_text": "Kjelkehøene is a mountain in Oppland, southern Norway. It is located in the Lesja municipality of Oppland. It has an altitude of 1692 meters above sea level and is the 792nd highest mountain in the country of mountains with primary factor of at least 50 meters.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Sarajevo", "paragraph_text": "Sarajevo is near the geometric center of the triangular-shaped Bosnia-Herzegovina and within the historical region of Bosnia proper. It is situated 518 meters (1,699 ft) above sea level and lies in the Sarajevo valley, in the middle of the Dinaric Alps. The valley itself once formed a vast expanse of greenery, but gave way to urban expansion and development in the post-World War II era. The city is surrounded by heavily forested hills and five major mountains. The highest of the surrounding peaks is Treskavica at 2,088 meters (6,850 ft), then Bjelašnica mountain at 2,067 meters (6,781 ft), Jahorina at 1,913 meters (6,276 ft), Trebević at 1,627 meters (5,338 ft), with 1,502 meters (4,928 ft) Igman being the shortest. The last four are also known as the Olympic Mountains of Sarajevo (see also 1984 Winter Olympics). The city itself has its fair share of hilly terrain, as evidenced by the many steeply inclined streets and residences seemingly perched on the hillsides.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Chango Carmona", "paragraph_text": "Carmona is believed to be the boxer who began the tradition of having a big fight on the Mexico Independence Day holiday weekend when he stopped Mando Ramos in the eighth round to win the lightweight title in Los Angeles on Sept. 15, 1972.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "History of Central America", "paragraph_text": "Central America is composed of seven independent nations: Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Panama. After the Spanish conquest in the 16th century, most of the inhabitants of Central America shared a similar history. The exception was the Western Caribbean Zone, which included the Caribbean coast and encompassed both semi-independent indigenous polities, runaway slave communities, and settlers, especially British settlers who would eventually form British Honduras (the modern - day nation of Belize), a sparsely populated area that was inhabited by the British through the Treaty of Madrid from Spain. When Spain failed to regain control over British Honduras, the British continued to inhabit the country, and eventually colonized it. When Guatemala gained its independence, they assumed inheritance of British Honduras from Spain. British Honduras had been a British settlement, not a Colony (the treaty between Spain and The United Kingdom prohibited British Colonies in the territory) for several years. After many years of controversy, a treaty was signed between Guatemala and the United Kingdom in which the Guatemalan President of the time recognized the original territory (granted by the kingdom of Spain to the British Crown) of Belize. Within this treaty, was also an agreement that a cart road be built from Guatemala City through British Honduras to the Caribbean Sea. Since the cart road was never built, Guatemala declared the treaty null and void. British Honduras for the British and Belize for the Spaniards and Guatemalans gained its independence from Great Britain in 1981 and adopted the name ``Belize ''. Guatemala still disputes the Belizean Territory.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Ignacio López Rayón", "paragraph_text": "Ignacio López Rayón (July 31, 1773 in Tlalpujahua, Intendancy of Valladolid (present-day Michoacán), New Spain – February 2, 1832 in Mexico City) was a general who led the insurgent forces of his country after Miguel Hidalgo's death, during the first years of the Mexican War of Independence. He subsequently established the first government, Zitacuaro Council, and first constitution, Constitutional Elements, of the proposed independent nation.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Mexican War of Independence", "paragraph_text": "On September 27, 1821 the Army of the Three Guarantees entered Mexico City, and the following day Iturbide proclaimed the independence of the Mexican Empire, as New Spain was henceforth to be called. The Treaty of Córdoba was not ratified by the Spanish Cortes. Iturbide included a special clause in the treaty that left open the possibility for a criollo monarch to be appointed by a Mexican congress if no suitable member of the European royalty would accept the Mexican crown. Half of the new government employees appointed were Iturbide's followers.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Enrique Tornero Hernández", "paragraph_text": "Enrique Tornero Hernandez (born May 30, 1980 in Plasencia, Cáceres) is an S9 swimmer from Spain. He competed at the 1996 Summer Paralympics, winning a gold medal in the 400 meter freestyle race and a bronze medal in the 4 x 100 meter 34 points freestyle relay. He competed at the 2000 Summer Paralympics, winning a silver medal in the 400 meter freestyle race.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Antonio Narbona", "paragraph_text": "Antonio Narbona (1773 – 20 March 1830) was a Spanish soldier from Mobile, now in Alabama, who fought native American people in the northern part of Mexico (now the southwestern United States) around the turn of the nineteenth century. He supported the independence of Mexico from Spain in 1821.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Juan Piquer Simón", "paragraph_text": "\"Pieces\" is one among the many cult classic horror films that have been restored and digitally remastered by Bob Murawski of Box Office Spectaculars and Grindhouse Releasing. Juan Piquer Simón owned his own independent studio in Madrid, Spain, and designed many of his own special effects sequences for his films. He also was the co-director of the Mediterranean Film Festival in Valencia, Spain.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Mexico City", "paragraph_text": "Mexico City, or the City of Mexico (Spanish: Ciudad de México audio (help·info) American Spanish: [sjuˈða(ð) ðe ˈméxiko]; abbreviated as \"CDMX\"), is the capital of Mexico. As an \"alpha\" global city, Mexico City is one of the most important financial centers in the Americas. It is located in the Valley of Mexico (Valle de México), a large valley in the high plateaus at the center of Mexico, at an altitude of 2,240 metres (7,350 ft). The city consists of sixteen municipalities (previously called boroughs).", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Brebeneskul", "paragraph_text": "Brebeneskul (, ) is a peak in the Chornohora region of Ukraine, with height of 2,035 meters above sea level. The second highest peak of Ukraine.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Mexico City", "paragraph_text": "Mexico City is located in the Valley of Mexico, sometimes called the Basin of Mexico. This valley is located in the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt in the high plateaus of south-central Mexico. It has a minimum altitude of 2,200 meters (7,200 feet) above sea level and is surrounded by mountains and volcanoes that reach elevations of over 5,000 metres (16,000 feet). This valley has no natural drainage outlet for the waters that flow from the mountainsides, making the city vulnerable to flooding. Drainage was engineered through the use of canals and tunnels starting in the 17th century.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Francisco Javier de Lizana y Beaumont", "paragraph_text": "Francisco Javier de Lizana y Beaumont (1750 in Arnedo, La Rioja, Spain – March 6, 1815 in Mexico City) was bishop of Mexico and, from July 19, 1809 to May 8, 1810, viceroy of New Spain.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Beica Airport", "paragraph_text": "Beica Airport is an airport in Beica (or Begi), Ethiopia . Located at an elevation of 1649 meters above sea level, this airport has one unpaved runway 1331 meters long. At present (2009), it is abandoned.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 84972, "question": "where did mexico win its independence from spain", "answer": "Mexico City", "paragraph_support_idx": 11 }, { "id": 19116, "question": "How many meters above sea is #1 ?", "answer": "2,240", "paragraph_support_idx": 15 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Eagle Mountain, Utah", "paragraph_text": "Eagle Mountain is a city in Utah County, Utah, United States. It is part of the Provo–Orem, Utah Metropolitan Statistical Area. The city is located to the west as well as north of the Lake Mountains, which are west of Utah Lake. It was incorporated December 3, 1996 and has been rapidly growing ever since. The population was 21,415 at the 2010 census. Although Eagle Mountain was a town in 2000, it has since been classified as a fourth-class city by state law. In its short history, the city has quickly become known for its rapid growth.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Canecão Mineiro nightclub fire", "paragraph_text": "The Canecão Mineiro nightclub fire occurred on 24 November 2001 in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil, killing 7 people and injuring 197 others. The fire was caused by pyrotechnics set off on the stage.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Great Fire of London", "paragraph_text": "The Great Fire of London was a major conflagration that swept through the central parts of the English city of London from Sunday, 2 September to Wednesday, 5 September 1666. The fire gutted the medieval City of London inside the old Roman city wall. It threatened but did not reach the aristocratic district of Westminster, Charles II's Palace of Whitehall, and most of the suburban slums. It consumed 13,200 houses, 87 parish churches, St Paul's Cathedral, and most of the buildings of the City authorities. It is estimated to have destroyed the homes of 70,000 of the City's 80,000 inhabitants.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Pub", "paragraph_text": "The most popular term in English-speaking Canada used for a drinking establishment was \"tavern\", until the 1970s when the term \"bar\" became widespread as in the United States. In the 1800s the term used was \"public house\" as in England but \"pub culture\" did not spread to Canada. A fake \"English looking\" pub trend started in the 1990s, built into existing storefronts, like regular bars. Most universities in Canada have campus pubs which are central to student life, as it would be bad form just to serve alcohol to students without providing some type of basic food. Often these pubs are run by the student's union. The gastropub concept has caught on, as traditional British influences are to be found in many Canadian dishes. There are now pubs in the large cities of Canada that cater to anyone interested in a \"pub\" type drinking environment.[citation needed]", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Guildford pub bombings", "paragraph_text": "The Guildford pub bombings occurred on 5 October 1974 when a subgroup of the Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) detonated two 6-pound gelignite bombs at two pubs in Guildford, Surrey, England. The pubs were targeted because they were popular with British Army personnel stationed at Pirbright barracks. Four soldiers and one civilian were killed. Sixty-five people were wounded.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "The Wenlock Arms", "paragraph_text": "The Wenlock Arms is a public house in Islington, London, which began trading in 1787. The pub is located halfway between Old Street and Angel, just off the City Road and the City Road Basin and Wenlock Basin on the Regent's Canal. The pub has won awards for the quality and range of its cask ales.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Great Oulu fire of 1882", "paragraph_text": "The great Oulu fire of 1882 was a conflagration that started in the basement of the pharmacy on the corner of Kirkkokatu and Pakkahuoneenkatu on the evening of November 2, destroying 27 buildings along Hallituskatu and Pakkahuoneenkatu in downtown Oulu, Finland, amongst them the city-owned Seurahuone. The basement was used to store gasoline and other flammable materials, which led to the fire quickly raging out of control. It headed towards the Oulu River and destroyed the salt and grain warehouses along its shoreline. The fire brigade, however, managed to keep the fire from spreading to the packhouse.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "2015 Kazan Shopping Center fire", "paragraph_text": "The 2015 Kazan Shopping Center fire occurred on 11 March 2015 when a fire and partial collapse of the Admiral shopping complex in the Russian city of Kazan killed at least 17 people with 55 more injured.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "New York City", "paragraph_text": "The only attempt at a peaceful solution to the war took place at the Conference House on Staten Island between American delegates, including Benjamin Franklin, and British general Lord Howe on September 11, 1776. Shortly after the British occupation began, the Great Fire of New York occurred, a large conflagration on the West Side of Lower Manhattan, which destroyed about a quarter of the buildings in the city, including Trinity Church.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "London", "paragraph_text": "London's buildings are too diverse to be characterised by any particular architectural style, partly because of their varying ages. Many grand houses and public buildings, such as the National Gallery, are constructed from Portland stone. Some areas of the city, particularly those just west of the centre, are characterised by white stucco or whitewashed buildings. Few structures in central London pre-date the Great Fire of 1666, these being a few trace Roman remains, the Tower of London and a few scattered Tudor survivors in the City. Further out is, for example, the Tudor period Hampton Court Palace, England's oldest surviving Tudor palace, built by Cardinal Thomas Wolsey c.1515.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Pub", "paragraph_text": "Pubs that cater for a niche clientele, such as sports fans or people of certain nationalities are known as theme pubs. Examples of theme pubs include sports bars, rock pubs, biker pubs, Goth pubs, strip pubs, gay bars, karaoke bars and Irish pubs.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "1933 Griffith Park Fire", "paragraph_text": "The 1933 Griffith Park Fire was a brush fire that occurred on 3 October 1933 in Griffith Park in Los Angeles, resulting in the deaths of at least 29 civilians who were trying to fight the fire. It was one of the deadliest firefighter disasters in United States history.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Pub", "paragraph_text": "A gastropub concentrates on quality food. The name is a portmanteau of pub and gastronomy and was coined in 1991 when David Eyre and Mike Belben took over The Eagle pub in Clerkenwell, London. The concept of a restaurant in a pub reinvigorated both pub culture and British dining, though has occasionally attracted criticism for potentially removing the character of traditional pubs.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Charleston, South Carolina", "paragraph_text": "On 27 April 1838, a massive fire broke out around 9: 00 in the evening. It raged until noon the next day, damaging over 1,000 buildings, a loss estimated at $3 million at the time. In efforts to put the fire out, all the water in the city pumps was used up. The fire ruined businesses, several churches, a new theater, and the entire market except for the fish section. Most famously, Charleston's Trinity Church was burned. Another important building that fell victim was the new hotel that had been recently built. Many houses were burnt to the ground. The damaged buildings amounted to about one - fourth of all the businesses in the main part of the city. The fire rendered penniless many who were wealthy. Several prominent store owners died attempting to save their establishments. When the many homes and business were rebuilt or repaired, a great cultural awakening occurred. In many ways, the fire helped put Charleston on the map as a great cultural and architectural center. Previous to the fire, only a few homes were styled as Greek Revival; many residents decided to construct new buildings in that style after the conflagration. This tradition continued and made Charleston one of the foremost places to view Greek Revival architecture. The Gothic Revival also made a significant appearance in the construction of many churches after the fire that exhibited picturesque forms and reminders of devout European religion.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "The Blitz", "paragraph_text": "Probably the most devastating strike occurred on the evening of 29 December, when German aircraft attacked the City of London itself with incendiary and high explosive bombs, causing a firestorm that has been called the Second Great Fire of London. The first group to use these incendiaries was Kampfgruppe 100 which despatched 10 \"pathfinder\" He 111s. At 18:17, it released the first of 10,000 fire bombs, eventually amounting to 300 dropped per minute. Altogether, 130 German bombers destroyed the historical centre of London. Civilian casualties on London throughout the Blitz amounted to 28,556 killed, and 25,578 wounded. The Luftwaffe had dropped 18,291 short tons (16,593 t) of bombs.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Great Eagle (car company)", "paragraph_text": "The Great Eagle was an American automobile manufactured from 1910 to 1915. It was located in Columbus, Ohio, and the president was Fred C. Myers. They were mostly large cars. Unfortunately, the company went into reciership in 1915.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Quincy Point Fire Station", "paragraph_text": "Quincy Point Fire Station is a historic fire station at 615 Washington Street in Quincy, Massachusetts. Built in 1941, it is the third firehouse to occupy the location, and is one of the city's finest examples of Colonial Revival architecture. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "All-Hallows-the-Great", "paragraph_text": "All-Hallows-the-Great was a church in the City of London, located on what is now Upper Thames Street, first mentioned in 1235. Destroyed in the Great Fire of London of 1666, the church was rebuilt by the office of Sir Christopher Wren. All-Hallows-the-Great was demolished in 1894 when many bodies were disinterred from the churchyard and reburied at Brookwood Cemetery.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Yellowstone fires of 1988", "paragraph_text": "In the eastern United States, with its significant rainfall, wildfires are relatively small and have rarely posed great risk to life and property. As white settlements moved further west into drier areas, the first large scale fires were encountered. Range fires on the Great Plains and forest fires in the Rocky Mountains were far larger and more destructive than what had ever been seen in the east. A number of catastrophic fire events over the years greatly influenced fire management policies.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "2013 Qingdao oil pipeline explosion", "paragraph_text": "The 2013 Qingdao oil pipeline explosion occurred on 22 November 2013, when an oil pipeline in Chinese city of Qingdao, Shandong Province, China leaked and caught fire and exploded. The blast killed at least 62 people. At least 9 people were detained by the police.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 5956, "question": "In what city is the Eagle pub located?", "answer": "London", "paragraph_support_idx": 12 }, { "id": 26308, "question": "When did the Great Fire of #1 occur?", "answer": "1666", "paragraph_support_idx": 9 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Orlando City SC", "paragraph_text": "Orlando City Soccer Club is an American professional soccer club based in Orlando, Florida that competes as a member of the Eastern Conference in Major League Soccer (MLS). Orlando City SC began play in 2015 as an expansion team of the league. The team is the first MLS franchise located in the state of Florida since the Miami Fusion and Tampa Bay Mutiny were folded by the league following the 2001 season. The team plays in the privately owned and operated Orlando City Stadium, located in the heart of downtown Orlando.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Mexico City", "paragraph_text": "Association football is the country's most popular and most televised franchised sport. Its important venues in Mexico City include the Azteca Stadium, home to the Mexico national football team and giants América, which can seat 91,653 fans, making it the biggest stadium in Latin America. The Olympic Stadium in Ciudad Universitaria is home to the football club giants Universidad Nacional, with a seating capacity of over 52,000. The Estadio Azul, which seats 33,042 fans, is near the World Trade Center Mexico City in the Nochebuena neighborhood, and is home to the giants Cruz Azul. The three teams are based in Mexico City and play in the First Division; they are also part, with Guadalajara-based giants Club Deportivo Guadalajara, of Mexico's traditional \"Big Four\" (though recent years have tended to erode the teams' leading status at least in standings). The country hosted the FIFA World Cup in 1970 and 1986, and Azteca Stadium is the first stadium in World Cup history to host the final twice.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 2, "title": "New York City", "paragraph_text": "New York City is home to the headquarters of the National Football League, Major League Baseball, the National Basketball Association, the National Hockey League, and Major League Soccer. The New York metropolitan area hosts the most sports teams in these five professional leagues. Participation in professional sports in the city predates all professional leagues, and the city has been continuously hosting professional sports since the birth of the Brooklyn Dodgers in 1882. The city has played host to over forty major professional teams in the five sports and their respective competing leagues, both current and historic. Four of the ten most expensive stadiums ever built worldwide (MetLife Stadium, the new Yankee Stadium, Madison Square Garden, and Citi Field) are located in the New York metropolitan area. Madison Square Garden, its predecessor, as well as the original Yankee Stadium and Ebbets Field, are some of the most famous sporting venues in the world, the latter two having been commemorated on U.S. postage stamps.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "2015 New York City FC season", "paragraph_text": "The 2015 New York City FC season is the club's first season of existence, their first season in the top tier of American soccer, and their first season in Major League Soccer. New York City FC plays their home games at Yankee Stadium in the New York City borough of The Bronx.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Unidad Deportiva Acapulco", "paragraph_text": "Unidad Deportiva Acapulco (\"English:Acapulco Sports Complex\") is a sports complex composed of a 13,000-seat soccer and track and field stadium and a baseball stadium which can seat thousands. The soccer/track stadium, which originally seated 8,600, is currently home to the Guerreros Acapulco soccer team of the Mexican Segunda División Profesional, which began play in 2009. The baseball stadium is currently used for amateur and semi-pro baseball, and skateboarding.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Rose Bowl (stadium)", "paragraph_text": "One of the most famous stadiums in sporting history, the Rose Bowl is best known as a college football venue, specifically as the host of the annual Rose Bowl Game for which it is named. Since 1982, it has also served as the home stadium of the UCLA Bruins football team. The stadium has also hosted five Super Bowl games, second most of any venue. The Rose Bowl is also a noted soccer venue, having hosted the 1994 FIFA World Cup Final, 1999 FIFA Women's World Cup Final, and the 1984 Olympic Gold Medal Match, as well as numerous CONCACAF and United States Soccer Federation matches.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "New York City", "paragraph_text": "In soccer, New York City is represented by New York City FC of Major League Soccer, who play their home games at Yankee Stadium. The New York Red Bulls play their home games at Red Bull Arena in nearby Harrison, New Jersey. Historically, the city is known for the New York Cosmos, the highly successful former professional soccer team which was the American home of Pelé, one of the world's most famous soccer players. A new version of the New York Cosmos was formed in 2010, and began play in the second division North American Soccer League in 2013. The Cosmos play their home games at James M. Shuart Stadium on the campus of Hofstra University, just outside the New York City limits in Hempstead, New York.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "MUSC Health Stadium", "paragraph_text": "MUSC Health Stadium is a soccer-specific stadium located in the Daniel Island area of Charleston, South Carolina that serves as the home of the Charleston Battery of the United Soccer League.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "BBVA Stadium", "paragraph_text": "BBVA Stadium (formerly BBVA Compass Stadium) is an American multi-purpose stadium located in Houston, Texas that is home to the Houston Dynamo, a Major League Soccer club, the Houston Dash of the National Women's Soccer League, and to Texas Southern Tigers football. The stadium is the result of combined commitments of $35.5 million from the city of Houston and $60 million from the Houston Dynamo. Harris County agreed to pay for half of the land in exchange for the ability to jointly own the stadium after its completion date in May 2012. BBVA, Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria, is the stadium's sponsor company.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Philadelphia Union", "paragraph_text": "The Philadelphia Union is an American professional soccer team based in Chester, Pennsylvania. The Union competes in Major League Soccer (MLS) as a member club of the league's Eastern Conference. The club began play in 2010 as an expansion team of the league. The club plays their home matches at Talen Energy Stadium, a soccer-specific stadium located in Chester on the banks of the Delaware River. Jim Curtin is the Union's head coach.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "President of Mexico", "paragraph_text": "Not be a secretary of state or under-secretary of state, attorney general, governor of a State, or head of the government of Mexico City, unless \"separated from the post\" (resigned or been granted permanent leave of absence) at least six months prior to the election.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Yankee Stadium", "paragraph_text": "Yankee Stadium is a stadium located in the Concourse neighborhood of the Bronx in New York City. It serves as the home ballpark for the New York Yankees of Major League Baseball (MLB), and is also the home park for New York City FC of Major League Soccer (MLS). The $2.3 billion stadium, built with $1.2 billion in public subsidies, replaced the original Yankee Stadium in 2009. It is located one block north of the original, on the 24 - acre (9.7 ha) former site of Macombs Dam Park; the 8 - acre (3.2 ha) site of the original stadium is now a public park called Heritage Field.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Perry Lakes Stadium", "paragraph_text": "Perry Lakes Stadium was a multi-purpose stadium adjacent to Perry Lakes in Floreat, Western Australia, Australia. It was built and funded by the State Government and the City of Perth in 1962 for the 1962 British Empire and Commonwealth Games and had a nominal capacity of 30,000. Many other events had been held at Perry Lakes Stadium over the years such as the athletics, soccer and rugby.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Negoesco Stadium", "paragraph_text": "Negoesco Stadium is a 3,000 seat soccer stadium located in San Francisco, on the campus of University of San Francisco. Named for USF Soccer Coach Steve Negoesco. It is the home field for the men's and women's soccer teams. Negoesco is also the primary home field for San Francisco City FC of the Premier Development League. The stadium is also used by USF students and staff for recreational activities.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "UCF Soccer and Track Stadium", "paragraph_text": "The UCF Soccer and Track Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium located on the main campus of the University of Central Florida in Orlando, Florida, United States. The 2,000-seat stadium is home to the UCF Knights track and field, cross country and soccer teams. The Knights compete in the American Athletic Conference (The American).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Soccer Shrines", "paragraph_text": "Soccer Shrines is a 13-part Canadian television (TV) documentary series about the most famous soccer stadiums in the world and their fans. Produced by Best Boy Entertainment, Soccer Shrines originally aired on GolTV (Canada) in Fall 2010. The series currently airs on GolTV, Sundays at 11:30 am EST, Mondays 6:00 pm & 11:00 pm EST, Tuesday at 1:00 pm EST and on The Cave (TV channel) Sundays at 2:00 am & 8:30 pm EST and Wednesdays at 9:30 pm EST.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Yankee Stadium", "paragraph_text": "Yankee Stadium is a stadium located in the Concourse section of the Bronx, a borough of New York City. It serves as the home ballpark for the New York Yankees of Major League Baseball (MLB). The $2.3 billion stadium, built with $1.2 billion in public subsidies, replaced the original Yankee Stadium in 2009. It is located one block north of the original, on the 24 - acre former site of Macombs Dam Park; the 8 - acre site of the original stadium is now a public park called Heritage Field. The stadium incorporates replicas of some design elements from the original Yankee Stadium, and like its predecessor, it has hosted additional events, including college football games, soccer matches, two outdoor NHL games, and concerts. Although Yankee Stadium's construction began in August 2006, the project spanned many years and faced many controversies, including the high public cost and the loss of public parkland. The overall price tag makes the new Yankee Stadium the most expensive stadium ever built. It is also the home park for New York City FC of Major League Soccer (MLS).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Victoria Park Stadium", "paragraph_text": "The Victoria Park Stadium is soccer venue located in Brampton, Ontario and is home to Brampton United of the Canadian Soccer League. The stadium is located on 20 Victoria Crescent, Brampton. The stadium is part of the James F. McCurry Victoria Park Arena. The stadium hosted the 2004 CPSL Championship final which featured Vaughan Shooters against Toronto Croatia. On May 27, 2016 a fire erupted at the Victoria Park arena.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Dick's Sporting Goods Park", "paragraph_text": "Dick's Sporting Goods Park, also known as DSG Park, is a soccer-specific stadium located in Commerce City, Colorado that is home to the Colorado Rapids men's professional soccer team. The stadium seats up to 18,061 people for soccer matches, but can accommodate up to 19,734 for special soccer events and 27,000 for concerts. It became the third home venue for the Rapids upon its opening in 2007. Sitting at just over 5,200 feet above sea level, the stadium has the highest elevation of any stadium regularly used by MLS teams.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Everton F.C.", "paragraph_text": "There have been indications since 1996 that Everton will move to a new stadium. The original plan was for a new 60,000-seat stadium to be built, but in 2000 a proposal was submitted to build a 55,000 seat stadium as part of the King's Dock regeneration. This was unsuccessful as Everton failed to generate the £30 million needed for a half stake in the stadium project, with the city council rejecting the proposal in 2003. Late in 2004, driven by Liverpool Council and the Northwest Development Corporation, the club entered talks with Liverpool F.C. about sharing a proposed stadium on Stanley Park. Negotiations broke down as Everton failed to raise 50% of the costs. On 11 January 2005, Liverpool announced that ground-sharing was not a possibility, proceeding to plan their own Stanley Park Stadium.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 160922, "question": "What city is talked about?", "answer": "Mexico City", "paragraph_support_idx": 10 }, { "id": 19309, "question": "What famous soccer stadium is in #1 ?", "answer": "Azteca Stadium", "paragraph_support_idx": 1 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Shanghai Library", "paragraph_text": "The Shanghai Library (), which also houses the Shanghai Institute of Scientific and Technological Information (), is the municipal library of Shanghai, China. It is the second largest library in China after the National Library in Beijing. At 24 stories and 348 feet (106 m) tall, it is the second tallest library in the world, as well as one of the largest. The building has a tower that looks like a giant lighthouse.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Smoking age", "paragraph_text": "The smoking age is the minimum legal age required to purchase or smoke tobacco products. In almost all countries citizens are eligible to buy tobacco products when they turn 18. Most countries have laws that restrict those below a minimum age from legally purchasing tobacco products.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Legal drinking age", "paragraph_text": "The minimum age to purchase and consume varies, but the most common age is 18 years. However in North America the age limits varies between 18 and 21 years of age. Throughout the United States the minimum legal age to purchase any alcoholic beverage from a shop, supermarket, liquor store, bar, club or any other licensed premises is 21 years of age. In Canada each province can decide which minimum age limit is to be set to buy or consume alcohol. Most provinces have a minimum age of 19 years, while Alberta, Manitoba and Quebec have set a minimum age of 18 years. In South America all countries have set a minimum purchase age of 18 years, except for Guyana where minors aged 16 or 17 may consume a glass of beer, wine or cider in a restaurant provided they buy a meal, and Paraguay the only country with a minimum legal purchase and drinking age of 20 years.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Royal Institute of British Architects", "paragraph_text": "The British Architectural Library, sometimes referred to as the RIBA Library, was established in 1834 upon the founding of the institute with donations from members. Now, with over four million items, it is one of the three largest architectural libraries in the world and the largest in Europe. Some items from the collections are on permanent display at the Victoria and Albert Museum (V&A) in the V&A + RIBA Architecture Gallery and included in temporary exhibitions at the RIBA and across Europe and North America. Its collections include:", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Nanjing", "paragraph_text": "Nanjing Library, founded in 1907, houses more than 10 million volumes of printed materials and is the third largest library in China, after the National Library in Beijing and Shanghai Library. Other libraries, such as city-owned Jinling Library and various district libraries, also provide considerable amount of information to citizens. Nanjing University Library is the second largest university libraries in China after Peking University Library, and the fifth largest nationwide, especially in the number of precious collections.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "New York City", "paragraph_text": "The New York Public Library, which has the largest collection of any public library system in the United States, serves Manhattan, the Bronx, and Staten Island. Queens is served by the Queens Borough Public Library, the nation's second largest public library system, while the Brooklyn Public Library serves Brooklyn.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Southeast Library", "paragraph_text": "Southeast Library's building was designed by master architect Ralph Rapson and originally functioned as a credit union for university and state employees. It opened as a library in 1967. The State Capitol Credit Union building at 1222 Fourth Street Southeast was purchased to be converted into a library on December 29, 1966. It opened as the new Southeast Library on December 26, 1967.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Nectar loyalty card", "paragraph_text": "Cardholders receive points on purchases made at participating retailers both instore and online, generally beginning at one point per whole pound spent. Points for fuel at BP and Sainsbury's are awarded for each litre purchased. Extra points may be earned when buying certain products or during particular promotions. A number of other online retailers award points when purchases are made on their websites accessed through the main Nectar website.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "University of Colombo library", "paragraph_text": "University of Colombo library is a centrally administered network of libraries in University of Colombo, Sri Lanka. It is home to one of the largest and oldest collections in Sri Lanka, with its roots dating back to 1870 with the establishment of the library of the Ceylon Medical College.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Harvard University", "paragraph_text": "The Harvard University Library System is centered in Widener Library in Harvard Yard and comprises nearly 80 individual libraries holding over 18 million volumes. According to the American Library Association, this makes it the largest academic library in the United States, and one of the largest in the world. Cabot Science Library, Lamont Library, and Widener Library are three of the most popular libraries for undergraduates to use, with easy access and central locations. There are rare books, manuscripts and other special collections throughout Harvard's libraries; Houghton Library, the Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America, and the Harvard University Archives consist principally of rare and unique materials. America's oldest collection of maps, gazetteers, and atlases both old and new is stored in Pusey Library and open to the public. The largest collection of East-Asian language material outside of East Asia is held in the Harvard-Yenching Library.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Strasbourg", "paragraph_text": "The Bibliothèque nationale et universitaire (BNU) is, with its collection of more than 3,000,000 titles, the second largest library in France after the Bibliothèque nationale de France. It was founded by the German administration after the complete destruction of the previous municipal library in 1871 and holds the unique status of being simultaneously a students' and a national library. The Strasbourg municipal library had been marked erroneously as \"City Hall\" in a French commercial map, which had been captured and used by the German artillery to lay their guns. A librarian from Munich later pointed out \"...that the destruction of the precious collection was not the fault of a German artillery officer, who used the French map, but of the slovenly and inaccurate scholarship of a Frenchman.\"", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Grace Keiser Maring Library", "paragraph_text": "The Grace Keiser Maring Library is located on the south side of Muncie, Indiana, USA. Built at 1808 South Madision Street, the library is next to Heekin Park, the largest and oldest community park in Muncie. The library was the first branch library built in the city.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "University of Notre Dame", "paragraph_text": "The library system also includes branch libraries for Architecture, Chemistry & Physics, Engineering, Law, and Mathematics as well as information centers in the Mendoza College of Business, the Kellogg Institute for International Studies, the Joan B. Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies, and a slide library in O'Shaughnessy Hall. A theology library was also opened in fall of 2015. Located on the first floor of Stanford Hall, it is the first branch of the library system to be housed in a dorm room. The library system holds over three million volumes, was the single largest university library in the world upon its completion, and remains one of the 100 largest libraries in the country.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Philadelphia", "paragraph_text": "Philadelphia's two major daily newspapers are The Philadelphia Inquirer, which is the eighteenth largest newspaper and third-oldest surviving daily newspaper in the country, and the Philadelphia Daily News. Both newspapers were purchased from The McClatchy Company (after buying out Knight Ridder) in 2006 by Philadelphia Media Holdings and operated by the group until the organization declared bankruptcy in 2010. After two years of financial struggle, the two newspapers were sold to Interstate General Media in 2012. The two newspapers have a combined circulation of about 500,000 readers.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Dublin City Public Libraries and Archive", "paragraph_text": "Dublin City Public Libraries is the largest library authority in the Republic of Ireland, serving over half a million people through a network of 21 branch libraries, a number of specialist services and Mobile Library stops.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Branford Price Millar Library", "paragraph_text": "The Branford Price Millar Library is the library of Portland State University (PSU) in Portland, Oregon, United States. Built in 1968, the academic library was doubled in size in 1991 and houses over 1 million volumes. The five-story building is located on the school's campus on the South Park Blocks in Downtown Portland and is the largest academic library in the Portland area.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Northwestern University", "paragraph_text": "The Northwestern library system consists of four libraries on the Evanston campus including the present main library, University Library and the original library building, Deering Library; three libraries on the Chicago campus; and the library affiliated with Garrett-Evangelical Theological Seminary. The University Library contains over 4.9 million volumes, 4.6 million microforms, and almost 99,000 periodicals making it (by volume) the 30th-largest university library in North America and the 10th-largest library among private universities. Notable collections in the library system include the Melville J. Herskovits Library of African Studies, the largest Africana collection in the world, an extensive collection of early edition printed music and manuscripts as well as late-modern works, and an art collection noted for its 19th and 20th-century Western art and architecture periodicals. The library system participates with 15 other universities in digitizing its collections as a part of the Google Book Search project. The Mary and Leigh Block Museum of Art is a major art museum in Chicago, containing more than 4,000 works in its permanent collection as well as dedicating a third of its space to temporary and traveling exhibitions.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Paris", "paragraph_text": "There are several academic libraries and archives in Paris. The Sorbonne Library in the 5th arrondissement is the largest university library in Paris. In addition to the Sorbonne location, there are branches in Malesherbes, Clignancourt-Championnet, Michelet-Institut d'Art et d'Archéologie, Serpente-Maison de la Recherche, and Institut des Etudes Ibériques. Other academic libraries include Interuniversity Pharmaceutical Library, Leonardo da Vinci University Library, Paris School of Mines Library, and the René Descartes University Library.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Association for Library Service to Children", "paragraph_text": "The Association for Library Service to Children (ALSC) is a division of the American Library Association, and it is the world's largest organization dedicated to library service to children. Its members are concerned with creating a better future for children through libraries.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Louisiana Purchase", "paragraph_text": "The Louisiana Purchase (French: Vente de la Louisiane ``Sale of Louisiana '') was the acquisition of the Louisiana territory (828,000 square miles or 2.14 million km2) by the United States from France in 1803. The U.S. paid fifty million francs ($11,250,000 USD) and a cancellation of debts worth eighteen million francs ($3,750,000 USD) for a total of sixty - eight million francs ($15,000,000 USD, or around $250 million in 2016 dollars). The Louisiana territory included land from fifteen present U.S. states and two Canadian provinces. The territory contained land that forms Arkansas, Missouri, Iowa, Oklahoma, Kansas, and Nebraska; the portion of Minnesota west of the Mississippi River; a large portion of North Dakota; a large portion of South Dakota; the northeastern section of New Mexico; the northern portion of Texas; the area of Montana, Wyoming, and Colorado east of the Continental Divide; Louisiana west of the Mississippi River (plus New Orleans); and small portions of land within the present Canadian provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan. Its non-native population was around 60,000 inhabitants, of whom half were African slaves.", "is_supporting": true } ]

[ { "id": 66710, "question": "who did we buy the lousiana purchase from", "answer": "France", "paragraph_support_idx": 19 }, { "id": 26878, "question": "What is the second largest library in #1 ?", "answer": "Bibliothèque nationale et universitaire", "paragraph_support_idx": 10 } ]

[ "libraries", "Library", "library" ]