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Produced by Charles Franks and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team.
THE LIFE EVERLASTING
A REALITY OF ROMANCE
BY MARIE CORELLI
AUTHOR OF THELMA, ETC.
CONTENTS
AUTHOR'S PROLOGUE
I. THE HEROINE BEGINS HER STORY
II. THE FAIRY SHIP
III. THE ANGEL OF A DREAM
IV. A BUNCH OF HEATHER
V. AN UNEXPECTED MEETING
VI. RECOGNITION
VII. MEMORIES
VIII. VISIONS
IX. DOUBTFUL DESTINY
X. STRANGE ASSOCIATIONS
XI. ONE WAY OF LOVE
XII. A LOVE-LETTER
XIII. THE HOUSE OF ASELZION
XIV. CROSS AND STAR
XV. A FIRST LESSON
XVI. SHADOW AND SOUND
XVII. THE MAGIC BOOK
XVIII. DREAMS WITHIN A DREAM
XIX. THE UNKNOWN DEEP
XX. INTO THE LIGHT
THE LIFE EVERLASTING
A REALITY OF ROMANCE
AUTHOR'S PROLOGUE
In the Gospels of the only Divine Friend this world has ever had or
ever will have, we read of a Voice, a 'Voice in the Wilderness.' There
have been thousands of such Voices;--most of them ineffectual. All
through the world's history their echoes form a part of the universal
record, and from the very beginning of time they have sounded forth
their warnings or entreaties in vain. The Wilderness has never cared to
hear them. The Wilderness does not care to hear them now.
Why, then, do I add an undesired note to the chorus of rejected appeal?
How dare I lift up my voice in the Wilderness, when other voices, far
stronger and sweeter, are drowned in the laughter of fools and the
mockery of the profane? Truly, I do not know. But I am sure that I am
not moved by egotism or arrogance. It is simply out of love and pity
for suffering human kind that I venture to become another Voice
discarded--a voice which, if heard at all, may only serve to awaken the
cheap scorn and derision of the clowns of the piece.
Yet, should this be so, I would not have it otherwise, I have never at
any time striven to be one with the world, or to suit my speech
pliantly to the conventional humour of the moment. I am often attacked,
yet am not hurt; I am equally often praised, and am not elated. I have
no time to attend to the expression of opinions, which, whether good or
bad, are to me indifferent. And whatever pain I have felt or feel, in
experiencing human malice, has been, and is, in the fact that human
malice should exist at all,--not for its attempted wrong towards
myself. For I, personally speaking, have not a moment to waste among
the mere shadows of life which are not Life itself. I follow the
glory,--not the gloom.
So whether you, who wander in darkness of your own making, care to come
towards the little light which leads me onward, or whether you prefer
to turn away from me altogether into your self-created darker depths,
is not my concern. I cannot force you to bear me company. God Himself
cannot do that, for it is His Will and Law that each human soul shall
shape its own eternal future. No one mortal can make the happiness or
salvation of another. I, like yourselves, am in the 'Wilderness,'--but
I know that there are ways of making it blossom like the rose!
Yet,--were all my heart and all my love outpoured upon you, I could not
teach you the Divine transfiguring charm,--unless you, equally with all
your hearts and all your love, resolutely and irrevocably WILLED to
learn.
Nevertheless, despite your possible indifference,--your often sheer
inertia--I cannot pass you by, having peace and comfort for myself
without at least offering to share that peace and comfort with you.
Many of you are very sad,--and I would rather you were happy. Your ways
of living are trivial and unsatisfactory--your so-called 'pleasant'
vices lead you into unforeseen painful perplexities--your ideals of
what may be best for your own enjoyment and advancement fall far short
of your dreams,--your amusements pall on your over-wearied
senses,--your youth hurries away like a puff of thistledown on the
wind,--and you spend all your time feverishly in trying to live without
understanding Life. Life, the first of all things, the essence of all
things,--Life which is yours to
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Produced by Al Haines
MEANS AND ENDS
OF EDUCATION
BY
J. L. SPALDING
Bishop of Peoria
WHO BRINGETH MANY THINGS,
FOR EACH ONE SOMETHING BRINGS
CHICAGO
A. C. McCLURG AND COMPANY
1895
COPYRIGHT
BY A. C. MCCLURG L Co.
A.D. 1895
By Bishop Spalding
EDUCATION AND THE HIGHER LIFE. 12mo. $1.00.
THINGS OF THE MIND. 12mo. $1.00.
MEANS AND ENDS OF EDUCATION. 12mo. $1.00.
A. C. McCLURG AND CO.
CHICAGO.
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER
I. TRUTH AND LOVE
II. TRUTH AND LOVE
III. THE MAKING OF ONE'S SELF
IV. WOMAN AND EDUCATION
V. THE SCOPE OF PUBLIC-SCHOOL EDUCATION
VI. THE RELIGIOUS ELEMENT IN EDUCATION
VII. THE HIGHER EDUCATION
MEANS AND ENDS OF EDUCATION.
CHAPTER I.
TRUTH AND LOVE.
None of us yet know, for none of us have yet been taught in early
youth, what fairy palaces we may build of beautiful thought--proof
against all adversity;--bright fancies, satisfied memories, noble
histories, faithful sayings, treasure-houses of precious and restful
thoughts; which care cannot disturb, nor pain make gloomy, nor poverty
take away from us--houses built without hands for our souls to live
in.--RUSKIN.
Stirred up with high hopes of living to be brave men and worthy
patriots, dear to God and famous to all ages.--MILTON.
A great man's house is filled chiefly with menials and creatures of
ceremony; and great libraries contain, for the most part, books as dry
and lifeless as the dust that gathers on them: but from amidst these
dead leaves an immortal mind here and there looks forth with light and
love.
From the point of view of the bank president, Emerson tells us, books
are merely so much rubbish. But in his eyes the flowers also, the
flowing water, the fresh air, the floating clouds, children's voices,
the thrill of love, the fancy's play, the mountains, and the stars are
worthless.
Not one in a hundred who buy Shakspere, or Milton, or a work of any
other great mind, feels a genuine longing to get at the secret of its
power and truth; but to those alone who feel this longing is the secret
revealed. We must love the man of genius, if we would have him speak
to us. We learn to know ourselves, not by studying the behavior of
matter, but through experience of life and intimate acquaintance with
literature. Our spiritual as well as our physical being springs from
that of our ancestors. Freedom, however, gives the soul the power not
only to develop what it inherits, but to grow into conscious communion
with the thought and love, the hope and faith of the noble dead, and,
in thus enlarging itself, to become the inspiration and source of
richer and wider life for those who follow. As parents are consoled by
the thought of surviving in their descendants, great minds are upheld
and strengthened in their ceaseless labors by the hope of entering as
an added impulse to better things, from generation to generation, into
the lives of thousands. The greatest misfortune which can befall
genius is to be sold to the advocacy of what is not truth and love and
goodness and beauty. The proper translation of _timeo hominem unius
libri_ is not, "I fear a man of one book," but "I dread a man of one
book:" for he is sure to be narrow, one-sided, and unreasonable. The
right phrase enters at once into our spiritual world, and its power
becomes as real as that of material objects. The truth to which it
gives body is borne in upon us as a star or a mountain is borne in upon
us. Kings and rich men live in history when genius happens to throw
the light of abiding worlds upon their ephemeral estate. Carthage is
the typical city of merchants and traders. Why is it remembered?
Because Hannibal was a warrior and Virgil a poet.
The strong man is he who knows how and is able to become and be
himself; the magnanimous man is he who, being strong, knows how and is
able to issue forth from himself, as from a fortress, to guide,
protect, encourage, and save others. Life's current flows pure and
unimpeded within him, and on its wave his thought and love are borne to
bless his fellowmen. If he who gives a cup of water in the right
spirit does God's work, so does he who sows or reaps, or builds or
sweeps, or ut
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Produced by Barbara Tozier, Bill Tozier and the Online
Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net
BELFORD'S MAGAZINE
VOL II.
DECEMBER, 1888--MAY, 1889
CHICAGO, NEW YORK, AND SAN FRANCISCO
BELFORD, CLARKE AND COMPANY
PUBLISHERS
LONDON: H. J. DRANE, LOVELL'S COURT, PATERNOSTER ROW
COPYRIGHT, 1888.
BY
BELFORD, CLARKE & CO.
DRUMMOND & NEU,
_Electrotypers_,
1 to 7 _Hague Street_,
New York.
CONTENTS OF VOL. II.
PAGE
AMERICAN CONSULAR SERVICE, THE, _James A. MacKnight_, 849
AMERICAN EAGLE UNDER DIFFICULTIES, THE, _James Steele_, 55
AMERICA, THE KING OF: A Story, _John W. Bell_, 680
AMERICA'S ROMANCE: A Story, _Henry C. Wood_, 708
ANDY'S GIFT: A Story, _T. C. De Leon_, 172
BELLA'S BUREAU: A Story in Three Scares, _E. Delancey Pierson_, 360
CERTAIN ANCESTORS OF PRESIDENT CLEVELAND, 32
CHRISTMAS IN EGYPT, _Rose Eytinge_, 42
CHRISTMAS ROUND-ROBIN, _Celia Logan_, 1
COST OF THINGS, THE, _X._, 511
COUNTER, BOTH SIDES OF THE: Almost a Tragedy,
_Fannie Aymar Mathews_, 350
COVENANT WITH DEATH, A: A Novel, complete, by
_The Author of "An Unlaid Ghost,"_ 573
DEAD SHOT DAN: A Story, _W. J. Florence_, 26
DECLINE OF THE FARMER, THE, _J. F. H._, 641
DOCTOR MERIVALE: A Story, _Charles P. Shermon_, 811
DOES THE HIGH TARIFF AFFECT OUR
EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM? _Emil L. Scharf_, 541
FIRST REGIMENT OF U. S. <DW52> TROOPS, THE,
_Catherine H. Birney_, 335
FOREIGNER, AN OBJECTIONABLE, _James W. Steele_, 690
FRENCH BALL, NIGHT OF THE, _Portland Wentforth_, 530
GOING, GOING, GONE: A Story, _Albert R. Haven_, 197
IDLENESS, STATISTICS OF, _Ethelbert Stewart_, 45
IS MARRIAGE A FAILURE? 230
IRAR'S PEARL: A Story, _Thomas S. Collier_, 324
JEN: A Backwoods Story, _W. H. S. Atkinson_, 832
JOE: A Story of Frontier Life, _Rosalie Kaufman_, 65
LION'S SHARE, THE: A Novel, complete, _Mrs. Clark Waring_, 252
MAUNDERINGS, _Paul Drayton_, 701
MYSTERY, A FAMILIAR, _James McCarroll_, 801
<DW64> "LIBERTINUS" IN THE SOUTH, THE, _Preston Connelly_, 827
NOVELISTS ON NOVELS, _J. A. Stewart_, 500
PIRATES ON BROADWAY, _John W. Watson_, 857
PRACTICAL FACTS FOR SENATOR EDMUNDS, A FEW,
_W. C. Wood, M.D._, 321
QUEEN OF THE BLOCK, THE, _A. L. Kinkead_, 108
REVENGE, AN ECCENTRIC: A Novel, complete, _Convers Atwood_, 747
SEASONABLE FOOLS AND FOOLING, _Celia Logan_, 666
SHEBA, A PRINCESS OF: A Story, _James O. G. Duffy_, 651
SILK CULTURE, _D. Thew Wright_, 221
'SIXTY-FOUR, AN EPISODE OF, _Cee Ess_, 842
SNIPS FROM AN OCCASIONAL DIARY, _Coates Kinney_, 675
SPOILS SYSTEM, THE ROOT OF THE,
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FALK
A REMINISCENCE
By Joseph Conrad
Several of us, all more or less connected with the sea, were dining in
a small river-hostelry not more than thirty miles from London, and less
than twenty from that shallow and dangerous puddle to which our coasting
men give the grandiose name of "German Ocean." And through the wide
windows we had a view of the Thames; an enfilading view down the Lower
Hope Reach. But the dinner was execrable, and all the feast was for the
eyes.
That flavour of salt-water which for so many of us had been the very
water of life permeated our talk. He who hath known the bitterness of
the Ocean shall have its taste forever in his mouth. But one or two
of us, pam
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PECK'S SUNSHINE
By George W. Peck
Being a Collection of Articles Written for Peck's Sun, Milwaukee, Wis.,
Generally Calculated to Throw Sunshine Instead of Clouds on the Faces
of Those Who Read Them.
Belford, Clarke & Co. - 1882.
"NOT GUILTY."
Gentlemen of the Jury: I stand before you charged with an attempt to
"remove" the people of America by the publication of a new book, and I
enter a plea of "Not Guilty." While admitting that the case looks strong
against me, there are extenuating circumstances, which, if you will
weigh them carefully, will go far towards acquitting me of this dreadful
charge. The facts are that I am not responsible, I was sane enough up to
the day that I decided to publish this book and have been since; but
on that particular day I was taken possession of by an unseen power--a
Chicago publisher-who filled my alleged mind with the belief that the
country demanded the sacrifice, and that there would be money in it. If
the thing is a failure, I want it understood that I was instigated by
the Chicago man; but if it is a success, then, of course, it was an
inspiration of my own.
The book contains nothing but good nature, pleasantly told yarns, jokes
on my friends; and, through it all, there is not intended to be a line
or a word that can cause pain or sorrow-nothing but happiness.
Laughter is the best medicine known to the world for the cure of many
diseases that mankind is subject to, and it has been prescribed with
success by some of our best practitioners. It opens up the pores, and
restores the circulation of the blood, and the despondent patient that
smiles, is in a fair way to recovery. While this book is not recommended
as an infallible cure for consumption, if I can throw the patient into
the blues by the pictures, I can knock the blues out by vaccinating with
the reading matter.
To those who are inclined to look upon the bright side of life, this
book is most respectfully dedicated by the author.
GEO. W. PECK. Milwaukee, Wis.,
March, 1882.
PECK'S SUNSHINE.
FEMALE DOCTORS WILL NEVER DO.
A St. Louis doctor factory recently turned out a dozen female doctors.
As long as the female doctors were confined to one or two in the whole
country, and these were experimental, the _Sun_ held its peace, and did
not complain; but now that the colleges are engaged in producing female
doctors as a business, we must protest, and in so doing will give a few
reasons why female doctors will not prove a paying branch of industry.
In the first place, if they doctor anybody it must be women, and
three-fourths of the women had rather have a male doctor. Suppose these
colleges turn out female doctors until there are as many of them as
there are male doctors, what have they got to practice on?
A man, if there was nothing the matter with him, might call in a female
doctor; but if he was sick as a horse--and when a man is sick he is
sick as a horse--the last thing he would have around would be a female
doctor. And why? Because when a man wants a female fumbling around him
he wants to feel well. He don't want to be bilious, or feverish, with
his mouth tasting like cheese, and his eyes bloodshot, when a female is
looking over him and taking an account of stock.
Of course these female doctors are all young and good looking, and if
one of them came into a sick room where a man was in bed, and he had
chills, and was as cold as a wedge, and she should sit up close to the
side of the bed, and take hold of his hand, his pulse would run up to
a hundred and fifty and she would prescribe for a fever when he had
chilblains. Then if he died she could be arrested for malpractice. O,
you can't fool us on female doctors.
A man who has been sick and had male doctors, knows just how he would
feel to have a female doctor come tripping in and throw her fur lined
cloak over a chair, take off her hat and gloves, and throw them on a
lounge, and come up to the bed with a pair of marine blue eyes, with a
twinkle in the corner, and look him in the wild, changeable eyes, and
ask him to run out his tongue. Suppose he knew his tongue was coated so
it looked like a yellow Turkish towel, do you suppose he would want to
run out five or six inches of the lower end of it, and let that female
doctor put her finger on it, to see how it was f
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Produced by Nick Hodson of London, England
Three Girls from School
By L.T. Meade
Illustrations by Percy Tarrant
Published by W and R Chambers, Ltd, London, Edinburgh.
This edition dated 1907.
Three Girls from School, by L.T. Meade.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
THREE GIRLS FROM SCHOOL, BY L.T. MEADE.
CHAPTER ONE.
LETTERS.
Priscilla Weir, Mabel Lushington, and Annie Brooke were all seated
huddled up close together on the same low window-sill. The day was a
glorious one in the beginning of July. The window behind the girls was
open, and the softest of summer breezes came in and touched their young
heads, playing with the tumbled locks of hair of different shades,
varying from copper-colour to dark, and then to brightest gold.
Priscilla was the owner of the dark hair; Mabel possessed the
copper-colour, Annie Brooke the gold. All three girls looked much about
the same age, which might have been anything from sixteen to eighteen.
Priscilla was perhaps slightly the youngest of the trio. She had
dark-grey, thoughtful eyes; her face was pale, her mouth firm and
resolved. It was a sad mouth for so young a girl, but was also capable
of much sweetness. Mabel Lushington was made on a big scale. She was
already well developed, and the copper in her lovely hair was
accompanied by a complexion of peachlike bloom, by coral lips, and
red-brown eyes. Those lips of hers were, as a rule, full of laughter.
People said of Mabel that she was always either laughing or smiling.
She was very much liked in the school, for she was at once good-natured
and rich.
Annie Brooke was small. She was the sort of girl who would be described
as _petite_. Her hair was bright and pretty. She had beautiful hands
and feet, and light-blue eyes. But she was by no means so
striking-looking as Mabel Lushington, or so thoughtful and intellectual
as Priscilla Weir.
The post had just come in, and two of the girls had received letters.
Priscilla read hers, turned a little paler than her wont, slipped it
into her pocket, and sat very still, Mabel, on the contrary, held her
unopened letter in her lap, and eagerly began to question Priscilla.
"Whom have you heard from? What is the matter with you? Why don't you
divulge the contents?"
"Yes, do, Priscilla, please," said Annie Brooke, who was the soul of
curiosity. "You know, Priscilla, you never could have secrets from your
best friends."
"I have got to leave school," said Priscilla; "there is nothing more to
be said. My uncle has written; he has made up his mind; he says I am to
learn farming."
"Farming!" cried the other two. "You--a girl!"
"Oh, dairy-work," said Priscilla, "and the managing of a farm-house
generally. If I don't succeed within six months he will apprentice me,
he says, to a dressmaker."
"Oh, poor Priscilla! But you are a lady."
"Uncle Josiah doesn't mind."
"What an old horror he must be!" said Annie Brooke.
"Yes. Don't let us talk about it." Priscilla jumped up, walked across
the room, and took a book from its place on the shelf. As she did so
she turned and faced her two companions.
The room in which the three found themselves was one of the most
beautiful of the many beautiful rooms at Mrs Lyttelton's school. The
house was always called the School-House; and the girls, when asked
where they were educated, replied with a certain modest pomposity, "At
Mrs Lyttelton's school." Those who had been there knew the value of the
announcement, for no school in the whole of England produced such girls:
so well-bred, so thoroughly educated, so truly taught those things which
make for honour, for purity, for a life of good report.
Mrs Lyttelton had a secret known but to a few: how to develop the very
best in each girl brought under her influence. She knew how to give
liberty with all essential restraints, and how to cultivate ambition
without making the said ambition too worldly-minded. She was adored by
all the girls, and there were very few who did not shed tears when the
time came for them to leave the School-House.
The said School-House was situated in the most lovely part of Middlesex,
not very far from Hendon. It was quite in the country, and commanded a
splendid view. The house was old, with many gables, quaint old windows,
long passages, and
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Transcribed from the 1864 Chapman and Hall “Tales of All Countries”
edition by David Price, email [email protected]
THE CHÂTEAU OF PRINCE POLIGNAC.
FEW Englishmen or Englishwomen are intimately acquainted with the little
town of Le Puy. It is the capital of the old province of Le Velay, which
also is now but little known, even to French ears, for it is in these
days called by the imperial name of the Department of the Haute Loire.
It is to the south-east of Auvergne, and is nearly in the centre of the
southern half of France.
But few towns, merely as towns, can be better worth visiting. In the
first place, the volcanic formation of the ground on which it stands is
not only singular in the extreme, so as to be interesting to the
geologist, but it is so picturesque as to be equally gratifying to the
general tourist. Within a narrow valley there stand several rocks,
rising up from the ground with absolute abruptness. Round two of these
the town clusters, and a third stands but a mile distant, forming the
centre of a faubourg, or suburb. These rocks appear to be, and I believe
are, the harder particles of volcanic matter, which have not been carried
away through successive ages by the joint agency of water and air.
When the tide of lava ran down between the hills the surface left was no
doubt on a level with the heads of these rocks; but here and there the
deposit became harder than elsewhere, and these harder points have
remained, lifting up their steep heads in a line through the valley.
The highest of these is called the Rocher de Corneille. Round this and
up its steep sides the town stands. On its highest summit there was an
old castle; and there now is, or will be before these pages are printed,
a colossal figure in bronze of the Virgin Mary, made from the cannon
taken at Sebastopol. Half-way down the hill the cathedral is built, a
singularly gloomy edifice,—Romanesque, as it is called, in its style, but
extremely similar in its mode of architecture to what we know of
Byzantine structures. But there has been no surface on the rock side
large enough to form a resting-place for the church, which has therefore
been built out on huge supporting piles, which form a porch below the
west front; so that the approach is by numerous steps laid along the side
of the wall below the church, forming a wondrous flight of stairs. Let
all men who may find themselves stopping at Le Puy visit the top of these
stairs at the time of the setting sun, and look down from thence through
the framework of the porch on the town beneath, and at the hill-side
beyond.
Behind the church is the seminary of the priests, with its beautiful
walks stretching round the Rocher de Corneille, and overlooking the town
and valley below.
Next to this rock, and within a quarter of a mile of it, is the second
peak, called the Rock of the Needle. It rises narrow, sharp, and abrupt
from the valley, allowing of no buildings on its sides. But on its very
point has been erected a church sacred to St. Michael, that lover of rock
summits, accessible by stairs cut from the stone. This, perhaps—this
rock, I mean—is the most wonderful of the wonders which Nature has formed
at La Puy.
Above this, at a mile’s distance, is the rock of Espailly, formed in the
same way, and almost equally precipitous. On its summit is a castle,
having its own legend, and professing to have been the residence of
Charles VII., when little of France belonged to its kings but the
provinces of Berry, Auvergne, and Le Velay. Some three miles farther up
there is another volcanic rock, larger, indeed, but equally sudden in its
spring,—equally remarkable as rising abruptly from the valley,—on which
stands the castle and old family residence of the house of Polignac. It
was lost by them at the Revolution, but was repurchased by the minister
of Charles X., and is still the property of the head of the race.
Le Puy itself is a small, moderate, pleasant French town, in which the
language of the people has not the pure Parisian aroma, nor is the glory
of the boulevards of the capital emulated in its streets. These are
crooked, narrow, steep, and intricate, forming here and there excellent
sketches for a lover of street picturesque beauty; but hurtful to the
feet with their small, round-topped paving stones, and not always as
clean as pedestrian ladies might desire.
And now I would ask my readers to join me at the morning table d’hôte at
the Hotel des Ambassadeurs. It will of course be understood that this
does not mean a breakfast in the ordinary fashion of England, consisting
of tea or coffee, bread and butter, and perhaps a boiled egg. It
comprises all the requisites for a composite dinner, excepting soup; and
as one gets farther south in France, this meal is called dinner. It is,
however, eaten without any prejudice to another similar and somewhat
longer meal at six or seven o’clock, which, when the above name is taken
up by the earlier enterprise, is styled supper.
The déje
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Produced by Judy Boss
THE PLAYBOY OF THE WESTERN WORLD
A COMEDY IN THREE ACTS
By J. M. Synge
PREFACE
In writing THE PLAYBOY OF THE WESTERN WORLD, as in my other plays, I
have used one or two words only that I have not heard among the country
people of Ireland, or spoken in my own nursery before I could read the
newspapers. A certain number of the phrases I employ I have heard also
from herds and fishermen along the coast from Kerry to Mayo, or
from beggar-women and ballad-singers nearer Dublin; and I am glad to
acknowledge how much I owe to the folk imagination of these fine people.
Anyone who has lived in real intimacy with the Irish peasantry will
know that the wildest sayings and ideas in this play are tame indeed,
compared with the fancies one may hear in any little hillside cabin in
Geesala, or Carraroe, or Dingle Bay. All art is a collaboration; and
there is little doubt that in the happy ages of literature, striking
and beautiful phrases were as ready to the story-teller's or the
playwright's hand, as the rich cloaks and dresses of his time. It is
probable that when the Elizabethan dramatist took his ink-horn and sat
down to his work he used many phrases that he had just heard, as he sat
at dinner, from his mother or his children. In Ireland, those of us who
know the people have the same privilege. When I was writing "The Shadow
of the Glen," some years ago, I got more aid than any learning could
have given me from a chink in the floor of the old Wicklow house where
I was staying, that let me hear what was being said by the servant girls
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[Illustration]
[Illustration: GOING TO THE MIDSUMMER BALL.]
THE
FAIRY NIGHTCAPS.
BY THE AUTHOR OF
THE FIVE NIGHTCAP BOOKS, "AUNT FANNY'S STORIES,"
ETC., ETC.
NEW YORK:
D. APPLETON & COMPANY,
443 & 445 BROADWAY.
LONDON: 16 LITTLE BRITAIN.
1861.
ENTERED, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1860, by
FANNY BARROW,
In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States for the
Southern District of New York.
TO MASSA CHARLES,
WHOSE MOST LOVABLE QUALITIES WERE
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Pecheur d'Islande
Pierre Loti
De l'Academie Francaise
A Madame Adam
(Juliette Lamber)
Hommage d'affection filiale,
Pierre Loti
Première partie
Chapitre I
Ils étaient cinq, aux carrures terribles, accoudés à boire, dans une
sorte de logis sombre qui sentait la saumure et la mer. Le gîte, trop
bas pour leurs tailles, s'effilait par un bout, comme l'intérieur d'une
grande mouette vidée; il oscillait faiblement, en rendant une plainte
monotone, avec une lenteur de sommeil.
Dehors, ce devait être la mer et la nuit, mais on n'en savait trop rien:
une seule ouverture coupée dans le plafond était fermée par un couvercle
en bois, et c'était une vieille lampe suspendue qui les éclairait en
vacillant.
Il y avait du feu dans un fourneau; leurs vêtements mouillés séchaient,
en répandant de la vapeur qui se mêlait aux fumées de leurs pipes de
terre.
Leur table massive occupait toute leur demeure; elle en prenait très
exactement la forme, et il restait juste de quoi se couler autour pour
s'asseoir sur des caissons étroits scellés au murailles de chêne. De
grosses poutres passaient au-dessus d'eux, presque à toucher leurs
têtes; et, derrière leurs dos, des couchettes qui semblaient creusées
dans l'épaisseur de la charpente s'ouvraient comme les
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[Illustration: THE SUPPER [Page 37]]
THE
ASSOCIATE HERMITS
By
Frank R. Stockton
Author of
"The Great Stone of Sardis"
With Illustrations by A. B. Frost
[Illustration]
NEW YORK AND LONDON
HARPER & BROTHERS PUBLISHERS
1900
BY THE SAME AUTHOR.
THE GREAT STONE OF SARDIS. A Novel.
Illustrated by Peter Newell. Post 8vo, Cloth,
Ornamental, $1 50.
"The Great Stone of Sardis" is as queer and preposterous as
can be imagined, yet as plausible and real-seeming as a legal
document.... There is a treat in the book.--_Independent_, N.
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DON QUIXOTE
by Miguel de Cervantes
Translated by John Ormsby
Volume I.
Part 15.
CHAPTER XLII.
WHICH TREATS OF WHAT FURTHER TOOK PLACE IN THE INN, AND OF SEVERAL OTHER
THINGS WORTH KNOWING
With these words the captive held his peace, and Don Fernando said to
him, "In truth, captain, the manner in which you have related this
remarkable adventure has been such as befitted the novelty and
strangeness of the matter. The whole story is curious and uncommon, and
abounds with incidents that fill the hearers with wonder and
astonishment; and so great is the pleasure we have found in listening to
it that we should be glad if it were to begin again, even though
to-morrow were to find us still occupied with the same tale." And while
he said this Cardenio and the rest of them offered to be of service to
him in any way that lay in their power, and in words and language so
kindly and sincere that the captain was much gratified by their
good-will. In particular Don Fernando offered, if he would go back with
him, to get his brother the marquis to become godfather at the baptism of
Zoraida, and on his own part to provide him with the means of making his
appearance in his own country with the credit and comfort he was entitled
to. For all this the captive returned thanks very courteously, although
he would not accept any of their generous offers.
By this time night closed in, and as it did, there came up to the inn a
coach attended by some men on horseback, who demanded accommodation; to
which the landlady replied that there was not a hand's breadth of the
whole inn unoccupied.
"Still, for all that," said one of those who had entered on horseback,
"room must be found for his lordship the Judge here."
At this name the landlady was taken aback, and said, "Senor, the fact is
I have no beds; but if his lordship the Judge carries one with him, as no
doubt he does, let him come in and welcome; for my husband and I will
give up our room to accommodate his worship."
"Very good, so be it," said the squire; but in the meantime a man had got
out of the coach whose dress indicated at a glance the office and post he
held, for the long robe with ruffled sleeves that he wore showed that he
was, as his servant said, a Judge of appeal. He led by the hand a young
girl in a travelling dress, apparently about sixteen years of age, and of
such a high-bred air, so beautiful and so graceful, that all were filled
with admiration when she made her appearance, and but for having seen
Dorothea, Luscinda, and Zoraida, who were there in the inn, they would
have fancied that a beauty like that of this maiden's would have been
hard to find. Don Quixote was present at the entrance of the Judge with
the young lady, and as soon as he saw him he said, "Your worship may with
confidence enter and take your ease in this castle; for though the
accommodation be scanty and poor, there are no quarters so cramped or
inconvenient that they cannot make room for arms and letters; above all
if arms and letters have beauty for a guide and leader, as letters
represented by your worship have in this fair maiden, to whom not only
ought castles to throw themselves open and yield themselves up, but rocks
should rend themselves asunder and mountains divide and bow themselves
down to give her a reception. Enter, your worship, I say, into this
paradise, for here you will find stars and suns to accompany the heaven
your worship brings with you, here you will find arms in their supreme
excellence, and beauty in its highest perfection."
The Judge was struck with amazement at the language of Don Quixote, whom
he scrutinized very carefully, no less astonished by his figure than by
his talk; and before he could find words to answer him he had a fresh
surprise, when he saw opposite to him Luscinda, Dorothea, and Zoraida,
who, having heard of the new guests and of the beauty of the young lady,
had come to see her and welcome her; Don Fernando, Cardenio, and the
curate, however, greeted him in a more intelligible and polished style.
In short, the Judge made his entrance in a state of bewilderment, as well
with what he saw as what he heard, and the fair ladies of the inn gave
the fair damsel a cordial welcome. On the
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DEPARTMENT OF EXTERNAL AFFAIRS, MELBOURNE.
AUSTRALIA: _The_ Dairy Country
Dairy Farmers are specially invited and assisted to come to
Australia because it is considered that in a progressive young
Country with so much Territory adapted for Dairying such Settlers
will advance the interest of the Country and of themselves.
PUBLISHED UNDER THE AUTHORITY OF THE MINISTER OF STATE FOR EXTERNAL
AFFAIRS, MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA.... 1915.
By Authority: McCARRON, BIRD & CO., Printers. 479 Collins Street,
Melbourne.
[Illustration: Note the Shedding is of very light description.]
CONTENTS.
PAGE
Bacon-Curing 48
Bee Farming 21
Breeds of Cattle in Use 33
Butter Exported 11
Cheese-making 47
Clearing Land 45
Condensed Milk 36
Conditions of Selection 45
Co-op. Factories, Facilities given 36
Cost of Starting a Farm 27, 34
Dairy Herds 47
Experiences of Farmers 35
Facilities Offered to Dairymen 31, 38, 42
Gov'mnt. Assistance to the Farmer 31
Grasses 35
Growth of the Industry 10
Labour Conditions 5
Land for Dairy Farming 26, 31, 32, 43
Land, Price of 26, 33, 43
Monetary Aid to Settlers 25
New South Wales 26-27
Pig Raising 14
Poultry Farming 20
Profit per Cow 33, 40
Queensland 31-36
Seasons 7
South Australia 37-40
Share System of Dairying 22
Size of Average Herd 34
State Supervision 12
Stock, Price of 33
Tasmania 44-48
Victoria 27-31
Western Australia 40-44
Winter Feed 35
Information Concerning AUSTRALIA
may be obtained on application to--
IN AMERICA:
AUSTRALIAN PAVILION,
PANAMA PACIFIC EXHIBITION.
NIEL NIELSEN, Esq.,
Trade and Immigration Commissioner for New South Wales,
419 Market Street, San Francisco.
F. T. A. FRICKE, Esq.,
Land and Immigration Agent for Victoria,
687 Market Street, San Francisco.
IN LONDON:
The High Commissioner for
THE COMMONWEALTH OF AUSTRALIA,
72 Victoria Street, Westminster, London, S.W.
IN AUSTRALIA:
THE SECRETARY,
DEPARTMENT OF EXTERNAL AFFAIRS,
Collins and Spring Streets, Melbourne.
The suitability of Australia as a country for the dairyman is referred
to in the report of the Scottish Agricultural Commission,[A] who toured
the States of the Commonwealth in 1910-11, in the following terms:--
[Illustration: An up-to-date Milking Yard.]
"The practice of dairying, in a limited domestic sense, as applied
to the milking of a few cows and the making of a little butter and
cheese for family use, is as old as the history of mankind, and in
that restricted meaning dairying has been carried on in Australia
since the arrival of the first settlers. But the industry as
existing there to-day is a vastly different matter, being already
of great importance, and promising rapid and extensive development.
It is a young industry, so recently out of its infancy that if this
report had been written fifteen years ago the section on dairying
might have been almost as brief as the famous chapter on snakes in
Ireland.
[Illustration: Cream Carts at the Factory.]
"The live stock brought to Sydney by Captain Phillip in 1788, and
sent to propagate their kind at Farm Cove, consisted of one bull,
four cows, one calf, and seven pigs. Their descendants in 1908
included about ten and a-half millions of cattle, of which nearly
two millions were dairy cows. This is about one cow for every two
persons in the Commonwealth, which seems a large proportion, but as
it means only one cow for every two square miles in Australia,
there is ample room for expansion. In Great Britain we have about
twenty-six cows for every square mile, and only one cow for every
fifteen people. These figures indicate that in proportion to its
population Australia is much more of a dairying country than Great
Britain, but that in proportion to its area, it has developed the
industry much less extensively, and is still capable of making
enormous growth. Until within comparatively recent years there was
little dairying anywhere in the Commonwealth, and what little there
was appears to have been carried on by somewhat primitive methods.
Modern developments, the spread of scientific knowledge, the
fostering care of Government, and, above everything, the advent of
the separator, of the milking machine, and of the freezer have
changed all that. To-day the industry is prospering and full of
promise....
"There is no denying the fact that every State in the Commonwealth
has extensive
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Transcriber's note:
The following typographical errors have been corrected:
In page 58 "He was was an alien, he was supported by the guns of alien
warships,..." 'was was' corrected to 'was'.
In page 226 "I liked the end of that yarn no better than the
begining." 'begining' amended to 'beginning'.
THE WORKS OF
ROBERT LOUIS STEVENSON
SWANSTON EDITION
VOLUME XVII
_Of this SWANSTON EDITION in Twenty-five
Volumes of the Works of ROBERT LOUIS
STEVENSON Two Thousand and Sixty Copies
have been printed, of which only Two Thousand
Copies are for sale._
_This is No._..........
[Illustration: SKETCH MAP OF THE BEACH OF FALESA AND NEIGHBOURING
COUNTRY]
THE WORKS OF
ROBERT LOUIS
STEVENSON
VOLUME SEVENTEEN
LONDON: PUBLISHED BY CHATTO AND
WINDUS: IN ASSOCIATION WITH CASSELL
AND COMPANY LIMITED: WILLIAM
HEINEMANN: AND LONGMANS GREEN
AND COMPANY MDCCCCXII
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
CONTENTS
A FOOTNOTE TO HISTORY
EIGHT YEARS OF TROUBLE IN SAMOA
CHAPTER PAGE
I. THE ELEMENTS OF DISCORD: NATIVE 5
II. THE ELEMENTS OF DISCORD: FOREIGN 15
III. THE SORROWS OF LAUPEPA (1883 _to September_ 1887) 27
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PUNCH,
OR, THE LONDON CHARIVARI.
VOLUME 98.
MAY 3, 1890.
* * * * *
MR. PUNCH'S MORAL MUSIC-HALL DRAMAS.
[Illustration]
No. X.--TOMMY AND HIS SISTER JANE.
Once more we draw upon our favourite source of inspiration--the poems of
the Misses TAYLOR. The dramatist is serenely confident that the new
London County Council Censor of Plays, whenever that much-desired
official is appointed, will highly approve of this little piece on
account of the multiplicity of its morals. It is intended to teach,
amongst other useful lessons, that--as the poem on which it is founded
puts it--"Fruit in lanes is seldom good"; also, that it is not always
prudent to take a hint; again, that constructive murder is distinctly
reprehensible, and should never be indulged in by persons who cannot
control their countenances afterwards. Lastly, that suicide may often be
averted by the exercise of a little _savoir vivre._
CHARACTERS.
_Tommy and his Sister Jane (Taylorian Twins, and awful examples)._
_Their Wicked Uncle (plagiarised from a forgotten Nursery Story, and
slightly altered)._
_Old Farmer Copeer (skilled in the use of horse and cattle medicines)._
SCENE--_A shady lane; on the right, a gate, leading to the farm; left,
some bushes, covered with practicable scarlet berries._
_Enter the_ Wicked Uncle, _stealthily_.
_The W. U._ No peace of
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(http://www.archive
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Vol. XXXV. No. 12.
THE
AMERICAN MISSIONARY.
* * * * *
“To the Poor the Gospel is Preached.”
* * * * *
DECEMBER, 1881.
_CONTENTS_:
EDITORIAL.
PARAGRAPHS 353
FINANCIAL—APPEALING FACTS 354
ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS AT THE ANNUAL MEETING 355
GENERAL SURVEY 357
SUMMARY OF TREASURER’S REPORT 367
ADDRESS OF SENATOR GEO. F. HOAR 369
EXTRACTS OF ADDRESSES RELATING TO GENERAL WORK 373
THE FREEDMEN.
REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON EDUCATIONAL WORK 382
ADDRESS OF REV. C. T. COLLINS 383
ADDRESS OF REV. J. R. THURSTON 386
CHRISTIAN EDUCATION: PROF. CYRUS NORTHROP 388
HIGHER EDUCATION: PRES. E. A. WARE 390
REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON CHURCH WORK 392
ADDRESS OF PRES. CYRUS HAMLIN 393
AFRICA.
REPORT ON FOREIGN WORK 395
ADDRESS OF REV. J. W. HARDING 397
ADDRESS OF REV. GEO. S. DICKERMAN 398
THE UPPER NILE BASIN: COL. H. G. PROUT 398
THE INDIANS.
REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE 403
ADDRESS OF GEN. S. C. ARMSTRONG 403
ADDRESS OF CAPT. R. H. PRATT 405
THE CHINESE.
REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE
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THE TEACHER
ESSAYS AND ADDRESSES ON EDUCATION
BY GEORGE HERBERT PALMER AND ALICE FREEMAN PALMER
BOSTON AND NEW YORK
HOUGHTON MIFFLIN COMPANY
The Riverside Press Cambridge
1908
COPYRIGHT, 1908, BY GEORGE HERBERT PALMER
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
_Published November 1908_
SECOND IMPRESSION
PREFACE
The papers of this volume fall into three groups, two of the three being
written by myself. From my writings on education I have selected only
those which may have some claim to permanent interest, and all but two
have been tested by previous publication. Those of the first group deal
with questions about which we teachers, eager about our immeasurable art
beyond most professional persons, never cease to wonder and debate: What
is teaching? How far may it influence character? Can it be practiced on
persons too busy or too poor to come to our class-rooms? To subjects of
what scope should it be applied? And how shall we content ourselves with
its necessary limitations? Under these diverse headings a kind of
philosophy of education is outlined. The last two papers, having been
given as lectures and stenographically reported, I have left in their
original colloquial form. A group of papers on Harvard follows, preceded
by an explanatory note, and the volume closes with a few papers by Mrs.
Palmer. She and I often talked of preparing together a book on
education. Now, alone, I gather up these fragments.
CONTENTS
PAGE
I. PROBLEMS OF SCHOOL AND COLLEGE
I. The Ideal Teacher 3
II. Ethical Instruction in the Schools 31
III. Moral Instruction in the Schools 49
IV. Self-Cultivation in English 72
V. Doubts About University Extension 105
VI. Specialization 123
VII. The Glory of the Imperfect 143
II. HARVARD PAPERS
VIII. The New Education 173
IX. Erroneous Limitations of the Elective System 200
X. Necessary Limitations of the Elective System 239
XI. College Expenses 272
XII. A Teacher of the Olden Time 283
III. PAPERS BY ALICE FREEMAN PALMER
XIII. Three Types of Women's Colleges 313
XIV. Women's Education in the Nineteenth Century 337
XV. Women's Education at the World's Fair 351
XVI. Why Go to College? 364
I
PROBLEMS OF SCHOOL AND COLLEGE
I
THE IDEAL TEACHER
In America, a land of idealism, the profession of teaching has become
one of the greatest of human employments. In 1903-04 half a million
teachers were in charge of sixteen million pupils. Stating the same
facts differently, we may say that a fifth of our entire population is
constantly at school; and that wherever one hundred and sixty men,
women, and children are gathered, a teacher is sure to be among them.
But figures fail to express the importance of the work. If each year an
equal number of persons should come in contact with as many lawyers, no
such social consequences would follow. The touch of the teacher, like
that of no other person, is formative. Our young people are for long
periods associated with those who are expected to fashion them into men
and women of an approved type. A charge so influential is committed to
nobody else in the community, not even to the ministers; for though
these have a more searching aim, they are directly occupied with it but
one day instead of six, but one hour instead of five. Accordingly, as
the tract of knowledge has widened, and the creative opportunities
involved in conducting a young person over it have correspondingly
become apparent, the profession of teaching has risen to a notable
height of dignity and attractiveness. It has moved from a subordinate to
a central place in social influence, and now undertakes much of the work
which formerly fell to the church. Each year divinity schools attract
fewer students, graduate and normal schools more. On school and college
instruction the community now bestows its choicest minds, its highest
hopes, and its largest sums. During the year 1903-04 the United States
spent for teaching not less than $350,000,000.
Such weighty work is ill adapted for amateurs. Those who take it up for
brief times and to make money usually find it unsatisfactory. Success is
rare, the hours are fixed and long, there is repetition and monotony,
and the teacher passes his days among inferiors. Nor are the pecuniary
gains considerable. There are few prizes, and neither in school nor in
college will a teacher's ordinary income carry him much above want.
College teaching is falling more and more into the hands of men of
independent means. The poor can hardly afford to engage in it. Private
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VEGETABLE DIET:
AS SANCTIONED BY
MEDICAL MEN,
AND BY
EXPERIENCE IN ALL AGES.
INCLUDING A
SYSTEM OF VEGETABLE COOKERY.
BY DR. WM. A. ALCOTT,
AUTHOR OF THE YOUNG MAN'S GUIDE, YOUNG WOMAN'S GUIDE, YOUNG MOTHER,
YOUNG HOUSEKEEPER, AND LATE EDITOR OF THE LIBRARY OF HEALTH.
SECOND EDITION, REVISED AND ENLARGED.
NEW YORK:
FOWLER AND WELLS, PUBLISHERS,
No. 308 BROADWAY
1859.
Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1849,
BY FOWLERS & WELLS,
in the Clerk's Office of the District Court for the Southern District of
New York.
BANES & PALMER, STEREOTYPERS,
201 William st. corner Frankfort, N. Y.
PREFACE
The following volume embraces the testimony, direct or indirect, of more
than a HUNDRED individuals--besides that of societies and
communities--on the subject of vegetable diet. Most of this one hundred
persons are, or were, persons of considerable distinction in society;
and more than FIFTY of them were either medical men, or such as have
made physiology, hygiene, anatomy, pathology, medicine, or surgery a
leading or favorite study.
As I have written other works besides this--especially the "Young
House-Keeper"--which treat, more or less, of diet, it may possibly be
objected, that I sometimes repeat the same idea. But how is it to be
avoided? In writing for various classes of the community, and presenting
my views in various connections and aspects, it is almost necessary to
do so. Writers on theology, or education, or any other important topic,
do the same--probably to a far greater extent, in many instances, than I
have yet done. I repeat no idea for the _sake_ of repeating it. Not a
word is inserted but what seems to me necessary, in order that I may be
intelligible. Moreover, like the preacher of truth on many other
subjects, it is not so much my object to produce something new in every
paragraph, as to explain, illustrate, and enforce what is already known.
It may also be thought that I make too many books. But, as I do not
claim to be so much an originator of _new_ things as an instrument for
diffusing the _old_, it will not be expected that I should be twenty
years on a volume, like Bishop Butler. I had, however, been collecting
my stock of materials for this and other works--published or
unpublished--more than twenty-five years. Besides, it might be safely
and truly said that the study and reading and writing, in the
preparation of this volume, the "House I Live In," and the "Young
House-Keeper," have consumed at least three of the best years of my
life, at fourteen or fifteen hours a day. Several of my other works, as
the "Young Mother," the "Mother's Medical Guide," and the "Young Wife,"
have also been the fruit of years of toil and investigation and
observation, of which those who think only of the labor of merely
_writing them out_, know nothing. Even the "Mother in her Family"--at
least some parts of it--though in general a lighter work, has been the
result of much care and labor. The circumstance of publishing several
books at the same, or nearly the same time, has little or nothing to do
with their preparation.
When I commenced putting together the materials of this little treatise
on diet--thirteen years ago--it was my intention simply to show the
SAFETY of a vegetable and fruit diet, both for those who are afflicted
with many forms of chronic disease, and for the healthy. But I soon
became convinced that I ought to go farther, and show its SUPERIORITY
over every other. This I have attempted to do--with what success, the
reader must and will judge for himself.
I have said, it was not my original intention to prove a vegetable and
fruit diet to be any thing more than _safe_. But I wish not to be
understood as entertaining, even at that time, any doubts in regard to
the superiority of such a diet: the only questions with me were, Whether
the public mind was ready to hear and weigh the proofs, and whether this
volume was the place in which to present them. Both these questions,
however, as I went on, were settled, in the affirmative. I believed--and
still believe--that the public mind, in this country, is prepared for
the free discussion of all topics--provided they are discussed
candidly--which have a manifest bearing on the well-being of man; and I
have governed myself accordingly.
An apology may be necessary for retaining, unexplained, a few medical
terms. But I
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MOUNT ROYAL
A Novel
BY THE AUTHOR OF "LADY AUDLEY'S SECRET" ETC. ETC. ETC.
In Three Volumes
VOL. I.
LONDON
JOHN AND ROBERT MAXWELL
MILTON HOUSE, SHOE LANE, FLEET STREET
1882
[_All rights reserved_]
Ballantyne Press
BALLANTYNE, HANSON AND CO., EDINBURGH
CHANDOS STREET, LONDON
CONTENTS TO VOL. I.
CHAP. PAGE
I. THE DAYS THAT ARE NO MORE 1
II. BUT THEN CAME ONE, THE LOVELACE OF HIS DAY 35
III. "TINTAGEL, HALF IN SEA, AND HALF ON LAND" 71
IV. "LOVE! THOU ART LEADING ME FROM WINTRY COLD" 103
V. "THE SILVER ANSWER RANG,--'NOT DEATH, BUT LOVE'" 128
VI. IN SOCIETY 144
VII. CUPID AND PSYCHE 199
VIII. LE SECRET DE POLICHINELLE 228
IX. "LOVE IS LOVE FOR EVERMORE" 275
MOUNT ROYAL.
CHAPTER I.
THE DAYS THAT ARE NO MORE.
"And he was a widower," said Christabel.
She was listening to an oft-told tale, kneeling in the firelight, at her
aunt's knee, the ruddy glow tenderly touching her fair soft hair and
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Transcriber’s Note:
This version of the text cannot represent certain typographical effects.
Italics are delimited with the ‘_’ character as _italic_.
Footnotes have been moved to follow the paragraphs in which they are
referenced.
Minor errors, attributable to the printer, have been corrected. Please
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[Illustration: THE ATTACK ON WHITEHAVEN.]
THE LIFE
OF
REAR ADMIRAL JOHN PAUL JONES.
BY
JOHN S. C. ABBOTT.
[Illustration]
NEW YORK:
DODD & MEAD, PUBLISHERS,
762 BROADWAY.
_AMERICAN PIONEERS AND PATRIOTS._
------------------------------------------------------------------------
THE LIFE AND ADVENTURES
OF
REAR-ADMIRAL JOHN PAUL JONES,
COMMONLY CALLED
PAUL JONES.
BY
JOHN S. C. ABBOTT.
------------------
ILLUSTRATED.
------------------
NEW YORK:
DODD & MEAD, PUBLISHERS,
762 BROADWAY.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1874, by
DODD & MEAD,
in the Office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington.
TO
THE OFFICERS AND SEAMEN OF THE UNITED STATES NAVY,
THIS VOLUME,
COMMEMORATIVE OF THE HEROIC ACHIEVEMENTS OF ONE OF THE MOST
ILLUSTRIOUS OF THEIR NUMBER, IS RESPECTFULLY
DEDICATED BY
JOHN S. C. ABBOTT.
FAIR HAVEN, CONN., 1874.
PREFACE.
I commenced writing the Life of Paul Jones with the impression, received
from early reading, that he was a reckless adventurer, incapable of
fear, and whose chief merit consisted in performing deeds of desperate
daring. But I rise from the careful examination of what he has written,
said, and done, with the conviction that I had misjudged his character.
I now regard him as one of the purest and most enlightened of patriots,
and one of the noblest of men. His name should be enrolled upon the same
scroll with those of his intimate friends, Washington, Jefferson,
Franklin, and Lafayette.
As this exhibition of the character of Admiral Jones is somewhat
different from that which has been presented in current literature, I
have felt the necessity of sustaining the narrative by the most
unquestionable documentary evidence. Should any one, in glancing over
the pages, see that the admiral is presented in a different light from
that in which he has been accustomed to view him, I must beg him, before
he condemns the narrative, to examine the proof which I think
establishes every statement.
The admiral had his faults. Who has not? But on the whole he was one of
nature’s noblemen. His energies were sincerely and intensely devoted to
the good of humanity. He was ambitious. But it was a noble ambition, to
make his life sublime. He was a man of pure lips and of unblemished
life. His chosen friends were the purest, the most exalted, the best of
men. He had no low vices. Gambling, drinking, carousing, were abhorrent
to his nature. He was a student of science and literature; and in the
most accomplished female society he found his social joy. While forming
the comprehensive views of statesmenship and of strategy, and evincing
bravery unsurpassed by any knight of romance, he was in manners,
thought, and utterance, as unaffected as a child.
JOHN S. C. ABBOTT.
CONTENTS.
--------------
CHAPTER I.
PAGE
_The Early Life of John Paul Jones._
His Birth and Childhood.—Residence and Employments in
Scotland.—His Studious Habits.—First Voyage to
America.—Engaged in the Slave Trade.—Reasons for
Abandoning it.—False Charges against him.—His
Sensitiveness to Obloquy.—Espouses the Cause of the
Colonies.—Developments of Character.—Extracts from his
Letters. 9
CHAPTER II.
_The Infant Navy._
Rescuing the Brigantine.—Commissioned as Captain.—Escape
from the Solway.—Conflict with the Milford.—Adventures at
Canso and Madame.—Return with Prizes.—Expedition to Cape
Breton.—Wise Counsel of Jones.—Brilliant Naval
Campaign.—Saving the Prizes.—Value of the Mellish.—Mission
to France.—Disappointment.—Sails with the Ranger. 32
CHAPTER III.
_Bearding the British Lion._
Aid from France.—Plan for the Destruction of the British
Fleet.—The American Flag Saluted.—Bold Movement of Captain
Jones.—Cruise along the Shores of England.—Capture of
Prizes.—Salutary Lessons given to England.—Operations in
the Frith of Clyde.—At Carrickfergus.—Attempt upon the
Drake.—Burning the Shipping at Whitehaven.—Capture of the
Plate of Lord Selkirk. 56
CHAPTER IV.
_Captain Jones at Nantes and at Brest._
Correspondence with Lord Selkirk.—Terrible Battle with the
ship Drake.—Capture of the ship.—Carnage on board the
Drake.—Generosity to Captured Fishermen.—Insubordination
of Lieutenant Simpson.—Embarrassments of Captain
Jones.—Hopes and Disappointments.—Proofs of Unselfish
Patriotism.—Letter to the King of France.—Anecdote of Poor
Richard. 78
CHAPTER V.
_Cruise of the Bon Homme Richard._
Plans of Lafayette.—Correspondence.—Humane Instructions of
Franklin.—Proposed Invasion of England.—Sailing of the
Squadron.—Conduct of Pierre Landais.—The
Collision.—Adventures of the Cruise.—Insane Actions of
Landais.—Plan for Capture.—Plan for the Capture of Leith
and Edinburgh. 100
CHAPTER VI.
_The Bon Homme Richard and the Serapis._
Leith Threatened.—The Summons.—Remarkable
Prayer.—Wide-spread Alarm.—Continuation of the
Cruise.—Insubordination of Landais.—Successive
Captures.—Terrible Battle between the Bon Homme Richard
and the Serapis.—The Great Victory. 123
CHAPTER VII.
_Result of the Victory._
Dreadful Spectacle.—Sinking of the Bon Homme Richard.—Escape
of the Baltic Fleet.—Sails for the Texel.—Interesting
Correspondence.—Sufferings of the American
Prisoners.—Barbarity of the English Government.—Humanity
of Captain Jones.—The Transference from the Serapis to the
Alliance.—Extracts from the British Press.—Release of
Prisoners. 148
CHAPTER VIII.
_Commodore Jones at Court._
Offer of a Privateersman.—Indignant Reply.—The Renown of
Commodore Jones.—Successful Retreat.—Cruise through the
Channel.—Poetic Effusion.—Enters Corunna.—Letter to
Lafayette.—Embarrassed Finances of Franklin.—Intrigues of
Landais.—His Efforts to Excite Mutiny.—Testimony against
him.—Commodore Jones at Court. 172
CHAPTER IX.
_The Mutiny of Landais._
The Visit of Jones to Versailles.—Intrigues of Landais.—The
Alliance Wrested from Jones.—Complicity of Arthur
Lee.—Magnanimity of Jones.—Strong Support of Dr.
Johnson.—Honors Conferred upon Jones.—Strange Career of
Landais.—His Life in America, and Death.—Continued Labors
and Embarrassments of Jones.—His Correspondence. 193
CHAPTER X.
_The Return to America._
Fitting the Ariel.—Painful Delays.—The Sailing.—Terrible
Tempest.—The Disabled Ship.—Puts back to L’Orient.—The
Second Departure.—Meets the Triumph.—Bloody Naval
Battle.—Perfidious Escape of the Triumph.—The Ariel
Reaches America.—Honors Lavished upon Jones.—Appointed to
Build and Command the America.—Great Skill Displayed.—The
Ship given to France.—The Launch. 214
CHAPTER XI.
_The War Ended._
Promise of the South Carolina.—A New Disappointment.—The
Great Expedition Planned.—Magnitude of the Squadron.—The
Appointed Rendezvous.—Commodore Jones Joins the
Expedition.—His Cordial Reception.—Great Difficulties and
Embarrassments.—The Rendezvous at Port Cabella.—Tidings of
Peace.—Return to America.—New Mission to France. 236
CHAPTER XII.
_The Difficulties of Diplomacy._
Courteous Reception in Paris.—Compliment of the
King.—Principles of Prize Division.—Embarrassing
Questions.—Interesting Correspondence.—The Final
Settlement.—Modest Claims of Commodore Jones.—Plan for a
Commercial Speculation.—Its Failure.—The Mission to
Denmark.—Return to America. 258
CHAPTER XIII.
_The Mission to Denmark._
Letter to Mr. Jefferson.—The Marquise de Marsan.—Unfounded
Charges and Vindication.—Flattering Application from
Catherine II.—His Reception at the Polish Court.—Jones
receives the Title of Rear-Admiral.—English
Insolence.—Letter of Catherine II. 280
CHAPTER XIV.
_The Russian Campaign._
Admiral Jones repairs to the Black Sea.—Designs of Catherine
II.—Imposing Cavalcade.—Turkey Declares War against
Russia.—Daring Conduct of Admiral Jones.—A Greek Officer
Alexiano.—The Prince of Nassau Siegen.—Annoyances of
Admiral Jones from Russian Officers.—Battle in the Black
Sea.—Jones yields the Honor to the Prince of Nassau. 298
CHAPTER XV.
_Adventures in the Black Sea._
The First Battle.—Folly of the Prince of
Nassau.—Inefficiency of the Gun-boats.—Burning of the
Greek Captives.—Humanity of Jones.—Alienation between the
Admiral and the Prince of Nassau.—The Second
Conflict.—Annoyances of the Admiral.—Hostility of the
English.—Necessary Employment of Foreign Seamen.—Disgrace
of Nassau.—Transference of the Admiral to the Baltic. 316
CHAPTER XVI.
_Retirement and Death._
The Return to Cherson.—Sickness and Sadness.—Oczakow
Stormed.—The Wintry Journey to St. Petersburg.—Mental
Activity.—Calumniated by the English.—The Admiral’s
Defence.—Slanderous Accusation.—His Entire
Acquittal.—Testimony of Count Segur.—Letter to the
Empress.—Obtains Leave of Absence.—Returns to France.—Life
in Paris.—Sickness and Death. 337
------------------------------------------------------------------------
PAUL JONES.
------------------------------------
CHAPTER I.
_The Early Life of John Paul Jones._
His Birth sand Childhood.—Residence and Employments in Scotland.—His
Studious Habits.—First Voyage to America.—Engaged in the Slave
Trade.—Reasons for Abandoning it.—False Charges against Him.—His
Sensitiveness to Obloquy.—Espouses the Cause of the
Colonies.—Developments of Character.—Extracts from his Letters.
In the lonely wilds of Scotland there was, about the middle of the last
century, a secluded hamlet called Arbingland. There was a respectable
gardener there by the name of John Paul. He had a son born on the 6th of
July, 1747, to whom he gave his own name of John. His humble cottage was
near the shores of Solway Frith. Young John Paul, like most energetic
lads who live within sound of the ocean surge, became impassioned with
longings for a sailor’s life. When twelve years of age he was sent
across the bay to Whitehaven, in England, then quite an important
seaport. Here he was apprenticed to Mr. Younger, who was quite
extensively engaged in the American trade.
The daily intercourse of John with the seamen inspired him with a strong
desire to visit the New World. He had received a good common-school
education, such as Scottish boys generally enjoyed at that time, and was
also so eager for intellectual improvement that all his leisure time was
given to study. He particularly devoted himself to the acquisition of a
thorough knowledge of the theory of navigation. He even studied French.
Often at midnight, when many of his companions were at a carouse, he was
found absorbed with his books.
When John was thirteen years of age he embarked, as a sailor, on board
the ship Friendship, bound for the Rappahannock, in Virginia, for a
cargo of tobacco. He had an elder brother, William, who had emigrated to
this country, and, marrying a Virginia girl, had settled on the banks of
the Rappahannock. John had acquired a high reputation at Whitehaven for
his correct deportment, his intelligence, and his fidelity in the
discharge of every duty. He improved his time so well, while in the
employment of Mr. Younger, as to lay the foundation for that eminence,
which he could not have obtained but for this education. He could write
his own language correctly, and even with considerable force; he was a
very respectable French scholar, and there were but few ship-masters who
could excel him in the science of navigation.
John Paul was but thirteen years of age when, in the year 1760, he
crossed the Atlantic and was cordially welcomed in the humble home of
his brother, in one of the most attractive valleys of the world. He was
delighted with the entirely new scenes which were here opened before
him, and became thoroughly American in his feelings. His first visit was
a short one, as he returned with his ship to Whitehaven. Soon after
this, Mr. Younger failed in business, and Paul was released from his
indentures. Thus the precocious boy, who was already a man in
thoughtfulness, energy, and earnestness of purpose, was thrown upon his
own resources.
He made several voyages, and at length shipped as third mate on board
the ship King George, which was bound to the Guinea Coast of Africa, for
slaves. Strange as it now appears, the slave trade was then considered
an honorable calling. Men of unquestioned piety, who morning and evening
kneeled with their happy children around the family altar, fitted out
ships to desolate the homes and steal the children of Africans, and bear
them away to life-long slavery. Many a captain, after crowding the hold
of his ship with these melancholy victims of his inhumanity, would
retire to his cabin, read the precepts of Jesus, “As ye would that men
should do to you, do ye also to them likewise,” and would then kneel in
prayer, imploring God’s blessing. And this was not hypocrisy. So strange
a being is fallen man.
We have no indications that any compunctions of conscience disturbed
John Paul on this voyage. The most illustrious, opulent, and worthy
people of England were engaged in the infamous traffic. Of course it was
not to be expected that a boy, scarcely emerging from childhood, should
develop humanity above that of the generation in the midst of which he
was born. The Friendship bore its freight of human victims to the West
Indies, where they were sold. He then, when nineteen years of age,
shipped at Jamaica, on board the brigantine Two Friends, for Africa, to
obtain another cargo of slaves.
It speaks volumes in favor of the intelligence of John Paul, that he
became so thoroughly disgusted with the cruelty of the traffic,
desolating Africa with the most merciless wars, and tearing husbands
from wives, parents from children, that, upon his return to Kingston, he
declared that he would have nothing more to do with the traffic forever.
His friends unite in giving their testimony to this his resolve, and it
is confirmed by the uniform tenor of his subsequent correspondence.
From this his second slaving voyage he embarked for Scotland, as a
passenger, on board the brigantine John, under the command of Captain
Macadam. On the passage the yellow fever broke out. Both the captain and
the mate of the ship died. They were left in the middle of the stormy
Atlantic, with none of the crew capable of navigating the ship.
Fortunately for all, John Paul assumed the command. The whole crew
gratefully recognized his authority. Be it remembered that he had not
yet finished his twentieth year. He brought the ship safe into port. The
owners, Messrs. Currie, Beck & Co., in recompense of the great service
he had rendered them, at once gave him command of a ship both as captain
and supercargo. In their employment he sailed for two voyages.
On one of these voyages, Captain Paul was accused of whipping, with
undue severity, an insubordinate sailor, by the name of Mungo Maxwell.
But a legal investigation absolved him from all blame. The accusation,
and the trial which was prolonged through six months, caused Captain
Paul great annoyance. The following letter to his mother and sisters
reveals his feelings, and much of his character, at that time. He was
then but twenty-five years of age.
“LONDON, 24th September, 1772.
“MY DEAR MOTHER AND SISTERS,
“I only arrived here last night from the Grenadas. I have had
but poor health during the voyage. My success in it not having
equalled my first sanguine expectations, has added very much to the
asperity of my misfortunes, and, I am well assured, was the cause of
my loss of health. I am now, however, better, and I trust Providence
will soon put me in a way to get bread, and, which is far my greatest
happiness, to be serviceable to my poor but much valued friends. I am
able to give you no account of my future proceedings, as they depend
upon circumstances which are not fully determined.
“I have enclosed to you a copy of an affidavit made before Governor
Young, by the Judge of the Court of Vice-Admiralty of Tobago, by which
you will see with how little reason my life has been thirsted after,
and, which is much dearer to me, my honor, by maliciously loading my
fair character with obloquy and vile aspersions. I believe there are
few who are hard-hearted enough to think I have not long since given
to the world every satisfaction in my power, being conscious of my
innocence before Heaven, who will one day judge even my judges.
“I staked my honor, life, and fortune, for six long months, on the
verdict of a British jury, notwithstanding I was sensible of the
general prejudice which ran against me. But, after all, none of my
accusers had the courage to confront me. Yet I am willing to convince
the world, if reason and facts will do it, that they have had no
foundation for their harsh treatment.
“I mean to send Mr. Craik a copy, properly proved, as his nice
feelings will not, perhaps, be otherwise satisfied. In the mean time,
if you please, you can show him that enclosed. His ungracious conduct
to me before I left Scotland I have not yet been able to get the
better of. Every person of feeling must think meanly of adding to the
load of the afflicted. It is true I bore it with seeming unconcern.
But heaven can witness for me that I suffered the more on that very
account. But enough of this.”
The Mr. Craik to whom he here refers was a gentleman of property, in
whose employment Mr. Paul’s father had formerly been engaged. The whole
family were accustomed to look up to him with much reverence. It was
perhaps a fault in young Captain Paul that the organ of veneration, as
the phrenologists would say, was not, in him, very fully developed. His
knees were not supple in bowing before those who were above him in
wealth and rank. Mr. Craik had not fancied the independent boy, and was
consequently the more ready to believe the charges which were brought
against him.
A rumor reached Mr. Paul, while in the West Indies, that the commercial
firm in whose service he was sailing was about to close its operations.
This would throw him out of employment. He wrote in the following terms
to Mr. Craik, whom as a family friend and patron he highly respected.
This letter was written a year before the charge for the maltreatment of
Mungo Maxwell was brought against him. It was as follows:
“ST. GEORGE, GRENADA, 5th August, 1770.
“SIR,
“Common report here says that my owners are going to finish
their connections in the West Indies as fast as possible. How far this
is true I shall not pretend to judge. But should that really prove to
be the case, you know the disadvantage I must labor under.
“These, however, would not have been the case had I been acquainted
with the matter sooner, as, in that case, I believe I could have made
interest with some gentlemen here to have been concerned with me in a
large ship out of London. And as these gentlemen have estates in this
and the adjacent islands, I should have been
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PUNCH, OR THE LONDON CHARIVARI.
VOL. 108.
JUNE 8, 1895.
ROBERT ON THE TEMS.
Me and sum of the Gents of the Lundon County Counsel, as they calls
theirselves, has had sum considerable differences of opinion lately, but
I don't suppose as it will cum to much. It seems as sum on em has got
theirselves elected into the Tems Conserwancy Gents, and nothink as is
dun quite sattisfys em unless they has the best places on bord the
crack steamers as takes em either up the River or Down the River, as the
case may be. In course they all wants the werry best heatables and
drinkables, and plenty on em; but if the water appens to be jest a
little ruff, the one thing as they all scrambles for is plenty to heat
and plenty to drink, and a nice quiet seat in the Saloon all the way
home.
[Illustration]
I herd tell the other day as how as some of the Tems Conserwancy Gents
had a reglar quarrel with sum of the County Counsel Gents, all becoz of
the diffrence that sum on em wants to make in the way in which things is
conducted on bord when agoing on their way home. It most suttenly must
make a great diffrence weather it is a nice, brillyant, sunny day, and
all happy on bord, or weather it is a dull, dark, rainy day, and not
room enuff for harf the cumpany.
I don't find as how as the too partys in the Corporation agrees with one
another more than they used to when they used to quarrel so much about
everythink. In fack they seems jist as much opposed to each other as
ever, and I, for my part, most truly hopes as how as they will continue
in the same noble spirit, and then they will hate each other with the
same cordial hatred as so distinguished them in days gone by.
I don't know a greater treat myself than spending a nour or too with the
County Counsellers at Charing Cross. They can lay the stingers about in
splendid style, and both sides of the question, much alike in force, and
werry much alike in quolity. But the werry finist sight of all I shoud
think wood be to see a thorowly good set to between a picked set of the
Tems Conserwancy and another of the County Counsellers. From what I
hears of the former I shoud think their chance would be grand indeed,
and from what I have herd of their reckless perseverance I should think
their loss almost incredible. The Tems is the river for me, and long may
it remain so!
ROBERT.
* * * * *
ROUNDABOUT READINGS.
Terrible things have been happening in Newcastle. If any one doubts this
statement, let him read the following extract from one of the local
papers. "Though it is a good while," observes a leader-writer, "since it
could be said with justice that the trade of the country was advancing
by leaps and bounds, the observation may with absolute accuracy be made
with respect to our Newcastle rates. They have stolen along with woollen
feet, and are now about to strike with iron hands."
* * *
I bow to the ground in awe-struck admiration before this picture
of rates stealing along on woollen feet and raising iron hands for a
deadly blow at the unfortunate ratepayers of Newcastle. There is
something fell and savage in the mere contemplation of it. Prose is
quite inadequate to it; it demands rhyme, and must have it:--
Consider Newcastle, its pitiful case,
Where the rates have a habit of stealing.
'Tis a way they are prone to in many a place,
And they do it without any feeling.
They move without noise, and they thus get the pull,
Like a cab with a new rubber tyre on;
For their feet, it is said, are a compound of wool,
Though the hands that they strike with are iron.
The vision appals me, one glimpse is enough;
With terror my bosom is heaving.
Yet I venture the hint--do not treat it as stuff--
That steel were more suited for thieving.
* * *
Something always appears to be wrong with the streets of Bristol. I had
to notice the melancholy case of Christmas Street last week. The
epidemic has now extended to Old Market Street. Here the pitching is so
dangerous that horses fall and break their legs, and ladies die from
falls on Easter Mondays. A correspondent who calls attention to this
matter says
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Yekl
A Tale of the New York Ghetto
By
A. Cahan
New York
D. Appleton and Company
1896
COPYRIGHT, 1896,
BY D. APPLETON AND COMPANY.
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER PAGE
I.--JAKE AND YEKL 1
II.--THE NEW YORK GHETTO 25
III.--IN THE GRIP OF HIS PAST 50
IV.--THE MEETING 70
V.--A PATERFAMILIAS 82
VI.--CIRCUMSTANCES ALTER CASES 112
VII.--MRS. KAVARSKY'S COUP D'ETAT 136
VIII.--A HOUSETOP IDYL 158
IX.--THE PARTING 175
X.--A DEFEATED VICTOR 185
YEKL.
CHAPTER I.
JAKE AND YEKL.
The operatives of the cloak-shop in which Jake was employed had been
idle all the morning. It was after twelve o'clock and the "boss" had
not yet returned from Broadway, whither he had betaken himself two
or three hours before in quest of work. The little sweltering
assemblage--for it was an oppressive day in midsummer--beguiled their
suspense variously. A rabbinical-looking man of thirty, who sat with
the back of his chair tilted against his sewing machine, was intent
upon an English newspaper. Every little while he would remove it from
his eyes--showing a dyspeptic face fringed with a thin growth of dark
beard--to consult the cumbrous dictionary on his knees. Two young lads,
one seated on the frame of the next machine and the other standing,
were boasting to one another of their respective intimacies with the
leading actors of the Jewish stage. The board of a third machine, in a
corner of the same wall, supported an open copy of a socialist magazine
in Yiddish, over which a cadaverous young man absorbedly swayed to and
fro droning in the Talmudical intonation. A middle-aged operative, with
huge red side whiskers, who was perched on the presser's table in the
corner opposite, was mending his own coat. While the thick-set presser
and all the three women of the shop, occupying the three machines
ranged against an adjoining wall, formed an attentive audience to an
impromptu lecture upon the comparative merits of Boston and New York by
Jake.
He had been speaking for some time. He stood in the middle of the
overcrowded stuffy room with his long but well-shaped legs wide apart,
his bulky round head aslant, and one of his bared mighty arms akimbo.
He spoke in Boston Yiddish, that is to say, in Yiddish more copiously
spiced with mutilated English than is the language of the metropolitan
Ghetto in which our story lies. He had a deep and rather harsh voice,
and his r's could do credit to the thickest Irish brogue.
"When I was in Boston," he went on, with a contemptuous mien intended
for the American metropolis, "I knew a _feller_,[1] so he was a
_preticly_ friend of John Shullivan's. He is a Christian, that feller
is, and yet the two of us lived like brothers. May I be unable to move
from this spot if we did not. How, then, would you have it? Like here,
in New York, where the Jews are a _lot_ of _greenhornsh_ and can not
speak a word of English? Over there every Jew speaks English like a
stream."
[1] English words incorporated in the Yiddish of the characters
of this narrative are given in Italics.
"_Say_, Dzake," the presser broke in, "John Sullivan is _tzampion_ no
longer, is he?"
"Oh, no! Not always is it holiday!" Jake responded, with what he
considered a Yankee jerk of his head. "Why, don't you know? Jimmie
Corbett _leaked_ him, and Jimmie _leaked_ Cholly Meetchel, too. _You
can betch you' bootsh!_ Johnnie could not leak Chollie, _becaush_ he is
a big _bluffer_,
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Transcriber's Note:
Inconsistent hyphenation and spelling in the original document have
been preserved. Obvious typographical errors have been corrected.
Italic text is denoted by _underscores_.
The page numbers of this Volume start with 275 (continuing the
numbering from Volume 1 of this work).
On page 282 guerillas should possibly be guerrillas.
On page 293 vigilants should possibly be vigilantes.
[Illustration]
_EDITION ARTISTIQUE_
The World's Famous
Places and Peoples
AMERICA
BY
JOEL COOK
In Six Volumes
Volume II.
MERRILL AND BAKER
New York London
THIS EDITION ARTISTIQUE OF THE WORLD'S FAMOUS PLACES AND PEOPLES IS
LIMITED TO ONE THOUSAND NUMBERED AND REGISTERED COPIES, OF WHICH THIS
COPY IS NO. 205
Copyright, Henry T. Coates & Co., 1900
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
VOLUME II
PAGE
MAMMOTH HOT SPRINGS, YELLOWSTONE _Frontispiece_
THE SUSQUEHANNA WEST OF FALMOUTH 284
THE CONEMAUGH NEAR FLORENCE 312
ON THE ASHLEY, NEAR CHARLESTON, S. C. 352
ON THE OCKLAWAHA 382
LINCOLN MONUMENT, LINCOLN PARK, CHICAGO 432
CROSSING THE ALLEGHENIES.
IV.
CROSSING THE ALLEGHENIES.
The Old Pike -- The National Road -- Early Routes Across the
Mountains -- Old Lancaster Road -- Columbia Railroad -- The
Pennsylvania Route -- Haverford College -- Villa Nova -- Bryn
Mawr College -- Paoli -- General Wayne -- The Chester Valley --
Pequea Valley -- The Conestogas -- Lancaster -- Franklin and
Marshall College -- James Buchanan -- Thaddeus Stevens --
Conewago Hills -- Susquehanna River -- Columbia -- The
Underground Railroad -- Middletown -- Lochiel -- Simon Cameron
-- The Clan Cameron -- Harrisburg -- Charles Dickens and the
Camel's Back Bridge -- John Harris -- Lincoln's Midnight Ride
-- Cumberland Valley -- Carlisle -- Indian School -- Dickinson
College -- The Whisky Insurrection -- Tom the Tinker -- Lebanon
Valley -- Cornwall Ore Banks -- Otsego Lake -- Cooperstown --
James Fenimore Cooper -- Richfield Springs -- Cherry Valley --
Sharon Springs -- Howe's Cave -- Binghamton -- Northumberland
-- Williamsport -- Sunbury -- Fort Augusta -- The Dauphin Gap
-- Duncannon -- Duncan's Island -- Juniata River -- Tuscarora
Gap -- The Grasshopper War -- Mifflin -- Lewistown Narrows --
Kishicoquillas Valley -- Logan -- Jack's Narrows -- Huntingdon
-- The Standing Stone -- Bedford -- Morrison's Cove -- The
Sinking Spring -- Brainerd, the Missionary -- Tyrone --
Bellefonte -- Altoona -- Hollidaysburg -- The Portage Railroad
-- Blair's Gap -- The Horse Shoe -- Kittanning Point -- Thomas
Blair and Michael Maguire -- Loretto -- Prince Gallitzin --
Ebensburg -- Cresson Springs -- The Conemaugh River -- South
Fork -- Johnstown -- The Great Flood -- Laurel Ridge --
Packsaddle Narrows -- Chestnut Ridge -- Kiskiminetas River --
Loyalhanna Creek -- Fort Ligonier -- Great Bear Cave --
Hannastown -- General Arthur St. Clair -- Greensburg --
Braddock's Defeat -- Pittsburg, the Iron City -- Monongahela
River -- Allegheny River -- Ohio River -- Fort Duquesne --
Fort Pitt -- View from Mount Washington -- Pittsburg Buildings
-- Great Factories -- Andrew Carnegie -- George Westinghouse,
Jr. -- Allegheny Park and Monument -- Coal and Coke -- Davis
Island Dam -- Youghiogheny River -- Connellsville -- Natural
Gas -- Murrysville -- Petroleum -- Canonsburg -- Washington --
Petroleum Development -- Kittanning -- Modoc Oil District --
Fort Venango -- Oil City -- Pithole City -- Oil Creek --
Titusville -- Corry -- Decadence of Oil-Fields.
THE OLD PIKE.
The American aspiration has always been to go westward. In the early
history of the Republic the Government gave great attention to the
means of reaching the Western frontier, then cut off by what was
regarded as the almost insurmountable barrier of the Alleghenies.
General Washington was the first to project a chain of internal
improvements across the mountains, by the route of the Potomac to
Cumberland, then a Maryland frontier fort, and
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THE HEARTS OF MEN
BY H. FIELDING
AUTHOR OF "THE SOUL OF A PEOPLE," ETC.
NEW YORK
THE MACMILLAN COMPANY
1901
PRINTED BY KELLY'S DIRECTORIES LIMITED,
LONDON AND KINGSTON.
DEDICATION.
To F. W. FOSTER.
As my first book, "The Soul of a People," would probably never have been
completed or published without your encouragement and assistance, so the
latter part of this book would not have been written without your
suggestion. This dedication is a slight acknowledgment of my
indebtedness to you, but I hope that you will accept it, not as any
equivalent for your unvarying kindness, but as a token that I have not
forgotten.
CONTENTS.
DEFINITIONS OF RELIGION 1
INTRODUCTION 4
PART I.
I. OF WHAT USE IS RELIGION? 13
II. EARLY BELIEFS 21
III. IDEAL AND PRACTICE 28
IV. SCIENTIFIC THEOLOGY--I 37
V. SCIENTIFIC THEOLOGY--II 45
VI. WHENCE FAITHS COME 55
VII. THE WISDOM OF BOOKS 64
VIII. GOD 72
IX. LAW 84
X. THE WAY OF LIFE 92
XI. HEAVEN 101
PART II.
XII. THEORIES AND FACTS 113
XIII. CREED AND INSTINCT 124
XIV. RELIGIOUS PEOPLE 136
XV. ENTHUSIASM 145
XVI. STRENGTH AND WEAKNESS 155
XVII. MIND AND BODY 165
XVIII. PERSONALITY 173
XIX. GOD THE SACRIFICE 185
XX. GOD THE MOTHER 196
XXI. CONDUCT 202
XXII. MEN'S FAITH AND WOMEN'S FAITH 212
XXIII. PRAYER AND CONFESSION 221
XXIV. SUNDAY AND SABBATH 233
XXV. MIRACLE 242
XXVI. RELIGION AND ART 254
XXVII. WHAT IS EVIDENCE? 266
XXVIII. THE AFTER DEATH 277
XXIX. OPTIMISM AND PESSIMISM 287
XXX. WAS IT REASON? 298
XXXI. WHAT RELIGION IS 308
XXXII. THE USE OF RELIGION 316
THE HEARTS OF MEN.
RELIGION.
"The difficulty of framing a correct definition of religion is very
great. Such a definition should apply to nothing but religion, and
should differentiate religion from anything else--as, for example,
from imaginative idealisation, art, morality, philosophy. It should
apply to everything which is naturally and commonly called religion: to
religion as a subjective spiritual state, and to all religions, high or
low, true or false, which have obtained objective historical
realisation."--_Anon._
"The principle of morality is the root of religion."--_Peochal._
"It is the perception of the infinite."--_Max Mueller._
"A religious creed is definable as a theory of original
causation."--_Herbert Spencer._
"Virtue, as founded on a reverence for God and expectation of future
rewards and punishment."--_Johnson._
"The worship of a Deity."--_Bailey._
"It has its origin in fear."--_Lucretius and others._
"A desire to secure life and its goods amidst the uncertainty and evils
of earth."--_Retsche._
"A feeling of absolute dependence, of pure and entire
passiveness."--_Schleiermacher._
"Religious feeling is either a distinct primary feeling or a peculiar
compound feeling."--_Neuman Smyth._
"A sanction for duty."--_Kant._
"A morality tinged by emotion."--_Matthew Arnold._
"By religion I mean that general habit of reverence towards the divine
nature whereby we are enabled to worship and serve God."--_Wilkins._
"A propitiation or conciliation of powers superior to man, which are
supposed to control the course of nature and of human life."--_J. G.
Frazer._
"The modes of divine worship proper to different tribes."--_Anon._
"The performance of duty to God and man."
It is to be noted that all the above are of Europeans acquainted
practically with only Christianity.
* * * * *
The following are some that have been given me by Orientals:
"The worship of Allah."--_Mahommedan._
"A knowledge of the laws of life that lead to happiness."--_Buddhist._
"Doing right."
"Other-worldliness."
INTRODUCTION.
Some time ago I wrote "The Soul of a People." It was an attempt to
understand a people, the Burmese; to understand a religion, that of
Buddha. It was not an attempt to find abstract truth, to discuss what
may be true or not in the tenets of that faith, to discover the secret
of all religions. It was only intended to show what Buddhism in Burma is
to the people who believe in it, and how it comes into their lives.
Yet it was impossible always to confine the view to one point. It is
natural--nay, it is inevitable--that when a man studies one faith,
comparison with other faiths should intrude themselves. The world, even
the East and West, is so bound together that you cannot treat of part
and quite ignore the rest. And so thoughts arose and questions came
forward that lay outside the scope of that book. I could not write of
them there fully. Whatever question arose I was content then to give
only the Buddhist answer, I had to leave on one side all the many
answers different faiths may have propounded. I could not discuss even
where truth was likely to be found. I was bound by my subject. But in
this book I have gone further. This is a book, not of one religion nor
of several religions, but of religion. Mainly, it is true, it treats of
Christianity and Buddhism, because these are the two great
representative faiths, but it is not confined to them. Man asks, and has
always asked, certain questions. Religions have given many answers. Are
these answers true? Which is true? Are any of them true? It is in a way
a continuation of "The Soul of a People," but wider. It is of "The
Hearts of Men."
* * * * *
Before beginning this book I have a word to say on the meanings that I
attach to the word "Christianity" and a few other words, so that I may
be more clearly understood.
There was a man who wrote to me once explaining why he was a Christian,
and wondering how anyone could fail to be so.
"I look about me," he said, "at Christian nations, and I see that they
are the leaders of the world. Pagan nations are far behind them in
wealth, in happiness, in social order. I look at our Courts and I find
justice administered to all alike, pure and without prejudice. Our
crime decreases, our education increases, and our wealth increases even
faster; the artisan now is where the middle class was a hundred years
ago, the middle class now lives better than the rich did. Our science
advances from marvel to marvel. Our country is a network of railroads,
our ships cover the seas, our prosperity is unbounded, and in a greater
or less degree all Christian nations share it. But when we turn to Pagan
nations, what do we see? Anarchy and injustice, wars and rebellions,
ignorance and poverty. To me no greater proof of the truth of
Christianity can be than this difference. In fact, it is Christianity."
I am not concerned here to follow the writer into his arguments. He is
probably one of those who thinks that all our civilisation is due to a
peculiar form of Christianity. There are others who hold that all our
advance has been made in spite of Christianity. I am only concerned now
with the meaning of the word. The way I use the word is to denote the
cult of Christ. A Christian to me means a man who follows, or who
professes to follow, the example of Christ and to accept all His
teaching; to be a member of a Church that calls itself Christian. I use
it irrespective of sects to apply to Catholic and Greek Church, Quaker
and Skopek alike. I am aware that in Christianity, as in all religions,
there has been a strong tendency of the greater emotions to attract the
lesser, and of the professors of any religion to assume to themselves
all that is good and repudiate all that is evil in the national life. I
have no quarrel here with them on the subject. Nor do I wish to use the
word in any unnecessarily narrow sense. Are there not also St. Paul and
the Apostles, the Early Fathers? So be it. But surely the essence of
Christianity must be the teaching and example of Christ? I do not gather
that any subsequent teacher has had authority to abrogate or modify
either that teaching or example. As to addition, is it maintained
anywhere that the teaching and example are inadequate? I do not think
so. And therefore I have defined my meaning as above. Let us be sure of
our words, that we may know what we are talking about.
In the word "religion" I have more difficulty. It does not carry any
meaning on its face as Christianity does. It is an almost impossible
word to define, or to discover the meaning of. It is so difficult that
practically all the book is an attempt to discover what "religion" does
mean. I nearly called the book, "What is the Meaning of Religion?"
In the beginning I have given a few of the numerous meanings that have
been applied to the word. It will be seen how vague they are. And at
the end I have a definition of my own to give which differs from all.
But as I have frequently to use the word from the beginning of the book,
I will try to define how I use it.
By "religion," then, generally I mean a scheme of the world with some
theory of how man got into it and the influences, mostly supernatural,
which affect him here. It usually, though not always, includes some code
of morality for use here and some account of what happens after death.
This is, I think, more or less the accepted meaning.
And there are the words Spirit and Soul.
I note that in considering origins of religion the great first
difficulty has been how the savage evolved the idea of "God" or "Spirit"
as opposed to man. Various theories have been proposed, such as that it
evolved from reasoning on dreams. To me the question is whether such an
idea exists at all. It may be possible that men trained in abstract
thought without reference to fact, the successors of many generations of
men equally so trained, do consider themselves to have such a
conception. I have met men who declared they had a clear idea of the
fourth dimension in Mathematics and of unending space. There may be
people who can realise a Spirit which has other qualities than man. In
some creeds the idea is assumed as existing. But personally I
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THE MYTHOLOGY OF ALL RACES
_IN THIRTEEN VOLUMES_
LOUIS HERBERT GRAY, A.M., PH.D., EDITOR
GEORGE FOOT MOORE, A.M., D.D., LL.D., CONSULTING EDITOR
LATIN-AMERICAN
BY
HARTLEY BURR ALEXANDER, PH.D.
PROFESSOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA
VOLUME XI
BOSTON MARSHALL JONES COMPANY
M DCCCC XX
[Illustration: PLATE I.]
Top face of the monolith known as the "Dragon" or the "Great Turtle"
of Quirigua. This is one of the group of stelae and "altars" which
mark the ceremonial courts of this vanished Maya city (see Plate
XXIII); and is perhaps the master-work not only of Mayan, but of
aboriginal American art. The top of the stone here figured shows
a highly conventionalized daemon or dragon mask, surrounded by a
complication of ornament. The north and south (here lower and upper)
faces of the monument contain representations of divinities; on the
south face is a mask of the "god with the ornamented nose" (possibly
Ahpuch, the death god), and on the north, seated within the open mouth
of the Dragon, the teeth of whose upper jaw appear on the top face of
the monument, is carved a serene, Buddha-like divinity shown in Plate
XXV. The Maya date corresponding, probably, to 525 A. D. appears in
a glyphic inscription on the shoulder of the Dragon. The monument is
fully described by W. H. Holmes, _Art and Archaeology_, Vol. IV, No. 6.
TO
ALICE CUNNINGHAM FLETCHER
IN APPRECIATION OF HER INTERPRETATIONS OF AMERICAN INDIAN LIFE AND
LORE
AUTHOR'S PREFACE
In aim and plan the present volume is made to accord as nearly as
may be with the earlier-written volume on the mythology of the North
American Indians. Owing to divergence of the materials, some deviations
of method have been necessary, but in their main lines the two books
correspond in form as they are continuous in matter. In each case
the author has aimed primarily at a descriptive treatment, following
regional divisions, and directed to essential conceptions rather than
to exhaustive classification; and in each case it has been, not the
specialist in the field, but the scholar with kindred interests and the
reader of broadly humane tastes whom the author has had before him.
The difficulties besetting the composition of both books have been
analogous, growing chiefly from the vast diversities of the sources
of material; but these difficulties are decidedly greater for the
Latin-American field. The matter of spelling is one of the more
immediate. In general, the author has endeavoured to adhere to such
of the rules given in Note 1 of _Mythology of All Races_, Vol. X (pp.
267-68), as may be applicable, seeking the simplest plausible English
forms and continuing literary usage wherever it is well established,
both for native and for Spanish names (as _Montezuma, Cortez_).
Consistency is pragmatically impossible in such a matter; but it is
hoped that the foundational need, that of identification, is not evaded.
The problem of an appropriate bibliography has proven to be of the
hardest. To the best of the author's belief, there exists, aside from
that here given, no bibliography aiming at a systematic classification
of the sources and discussions of the mythology of the Latin-American
Indians, as a whole. There are, indeed, a considerable number of
special bibliographies, regional in character, for which every student
must be grateful; and it is hoped that not many of the more important
of these have failed of inclusion in the bibliographical division
devoted to "Guides"; but for the whole field, the appended bibliography
is pioneer work, and subject to the weaknesses of all such attempts.
The principles of inclusion are: (1) All works upon which the text of
the volume directly rests. These will be found cited in the _Notes_,
where are also a few references to works cited for points of an
adventitious character, and therefore not included in the general
bibliography. (2) A more liberal inclusion of English and Spanish than
of works in other languages, the one for accessibility, the other for
source importance. (3) An effort to select only such works as have
material directly pertinent to the mythology, not such as deal with
the general culture, of the peoples under consideration,--a line most
difficult to draw. In respect to bibliography, it should be further
stated that it is the intent to enter the names of Spanish authors in
the forms approved by the rules of the Real Academia, while it has not
seemed important to follow other than the English custom in either text
or notes. It is certainly the author's hope that the labour devoted
to the assembling of the bibliography will prove helpful to students
generally, and it is his belief that those wishing an introduction
to the more important sources for the various regions will find of
immediate help the select bibliographies given in the _Notes_, for each
region and chapter.
The illustrations should speak for themselves. Care has been taken
to reproduce works which are characteristic of the art as well as of
the mythic conceptions of the several peoples; and since, in the more
civilized localities, architecture also is significantly associated
with mythic elements, a certain number of pictures are of architectural
subjects.
It remains to express the numerous forms of indebtedness which pertain
to a work of the present character. Where they are a matter of
authority, it is believed that the references to the _Notes_ will be
found fully to cover them; and where illustrations are the subject,
the derivation is indicated on the tissues. In the way of courtesies
extended, the author owes recognition to staff-members of the libraries
of Harvard and Northwestern Universities, to the Peabody Museum, the
Boston Museum of Fine Arts, the American Museum of Natural History, and
the Museum of the University of Nebraska. His personal obligations are
due to Professor Frank S. Philbrick, of the Northwestern University
Law School, and to the Assistant Curator of the Academy of Pacific
Coast History, Dr. Herbert I. Priestley, for valuable suggestions
anent the bibliography, and to Dr. Hiram Bingham, of the Yale Peruvian
Expedition, for his courtesy in furnishing for reproduction the
photographs represented by Plates XXX and XXXVIII. His obligations to
the editor of the series are, it is trusted, understood.
The manuscript of the present volume was prepared for the printer by
November of 1916. The ensuing outbreak of war delayed publication
until the present hour. In the intervening period a number of works
of some importance appeared, and the author has endeavoured to
incorporate as much as was essential of this later criticism into the
body of his work, a matter difficult to make sure. The war also has
been responsible for the editor's absence in Europe during the period
in which the book has been put through the press, and the duty of
oversight has fallen upon the author who is, therefore, responsible for
such editorial delinquencies as may be found.
HARTLEY BURR ALEXANDER.
LINCOLN, NEBRASKA,
November 17, 1919.
CONTENTS
PAGE
AUTHOR'S PREFACE. vii
INTRODUCTION. i
CHAPTER I. THE ANTILLES. 15
I The Islanders. 15
II The First Encounters. 18
III Zemiism. 21
IV Taïno Myths. 28
V The Areitos. 32
VI Carib Lore. 36
CHAPTER II. MEXICO. 41
I Middle America. 41
II Conquistadores. 44
III The Aztec Pantheon. 49
IV The Great Gods. 57
1 Huitzilopochtli. 58
2 Tezcatlipoca. 61
3 Quetzalcoatl. 66
4 Tlaloc and Chalchiuhtlicue. 71
V The Powers of Life. 74
VI The Powers of Death. 79
CHAPTER III. MEXICO. (_continued_) 85
I Cosmogony. 85
II The Four Suns. 91
III The Calendar and its Cycles. 96
IV Legendary History. 105
V Aztec Migration-Myths. 111
VI Surviving Paganism. 118
CHAPTER IV. YUCATAN. 124
I The Maya. 124
II Votan, Zamna, and Kukulcan. 131
III Yucatec Deities. 136
IV Rites and Symbols. 142
V The Maya Cycles. 146
VI The Creation. 152
CHAPTER V. CENTRAL AMERICA. 156
I Quiché and Cakchiquel. 156
II The Popul Vuh. 159
III The Hero Brothers. 168
IV The Annals of the Cakchiquel. 177
V Honduras and Nicaragua. 183
CHAPTER VI. THE ANDEAN NORTH. 187
I The Cultured Peoples of the Andes. 187
II The Isthmians. 189
III El Dorado. 194
IV Myths of the Chibcha. 198
V The Men from the Sea. 204
CHAPTER VII. THE ANDEAN SOUTH. 210
I The Empire of the Incas. 210
II The Yunca Pantheons. 220
III The Myths of the Chincha. 227
IV Viracocha and Tonapa. 232
V The Children of the Sun. 242
VI Legends of the Incas. 248
CHAPTER VIII. THE TROPICAL FORESTS: THE ORINOCO AND GUIANA. 253
I Lands and Peoples. 253
II Spirits and Shamans. 256
III How Evils Befell Mankind. 261
IV Creation and Cataclysm. 268
V Nature and Human Nature. 275
CHAPTER IX. THE TROPICAL FORESTS: THE AMAZON AND BRAZIL. 281
I The Amazons. 281
II Food-Makers and Dance-Masks. 287
III Gods, Ghosts, and Bogeys. 295
IV Imps, Were-Beasts, and Cannibals. 300
V Sun, Moon, and Stars. 304
VI Fire, Flood, and Transformations. 311
CHAPTER X. THE PAMPAS TO THE LAND OF FIRE. 316
I The Far South. 316
II El Chaco and the Pampeans. 318
III The Araucanians. 324
IV The Patagonians. 331
V The Fuegians. 338
NOTES. 347
BIBLIOGRAPHY. 381
ILLUSTRATIONS
FULL PAGE ILLUSTRATIONS
PLATE PAGE
I The Dragon of Quirigua--Photogravure. Frontispiece
II Antillean Triangular Stone Images. 24
III Antillean Stone Ring. 29
IV Dance in Honor of the Earth Goddess, Haiti. 35
V Aztec Goddess, probably Coatlicue. 47
VI Tutelaries of the Quarters, Codex 56
xx Ferjérváry-Mayer--.
VII Coyolxauhqui, Xochipilli, and Xiuhcoatl. 60
VIII Tezcatlipoca, Codex Borgia--. 65
IX Quetzalcoatl, Macuilxochitl, Huitzilopochtli, 71
xx Codex Borgia--.
X Mask of Xipe Totec. 76
XI Mictlantecutli, God of Death. 81
XII Heavenly Bodies, Codex Vaticanus B and 88
xx Codex Borgia--.
XIII Ends of Suns, or Ages of the World, Codex 95
xx Vaticanus A--.
XIV Aztec Calendar Stone. 101
XV Temple of Xochicalco. 106
XVI Section of the Tezcucan "Map Tlotzin"--. 113
XVII Interior of Chamber, Mitla. 118
XVIII Temple 3, Ruins of Tikal. 127
XIX Map of Yucatan Showing Location of Maya Cities. 130
XX Bas-relief Tablets, Palenque. 136
XXI Bas-relief Lintel, Menché, Showing Priest 144
xx and Penitent.
XXII "Serpent Numbers," Codex Dresdensis--. 152
XXIII Ceremonial Precinct, Quirigua. 160
XXIV Image in Mouth of the Dragon of Quirigua. 168
XXV Stela 12, Piedras Negras. 179
XXVI Amulet in the Form of a Vampire. 190
XXVII Colombian Goldwork. 196
XXVIII Mother Goddess and Ceremonial Dish, Colombia. 200
XXIX Vase Painting of Balsa, Truxillo. 206
XXX Machu Picchu. 213
XXXI Monolith, Chavin de Huantar. 218
XXXII Nasca Vase, Showing Multi-Headed Deity. 222
XXXIII Nasca Deity, in Embroidery--. 226
XXXIV Nasca Vase, Showing Sky Deity. 230
XXXV Monolithic Gateway, Tiahuanaco. 234
XXXVI Plaque, probably Representing Viracocha. 236
XXXVII Vase Painting from Pachacamac--.
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_Curiosities of History:_
BOSTON
SEPTEMBER SEVENTEENTH,
1630-1880.
BY WILLIAM W. WHEILDON.
_SECOND EDITION._
"Ringing clearly with a will
What she was is Boston still."
--WHITTIER.
BOSTON:
LEE AND SHEPARD, PUBLISHERS.
NEW YORK:
CHARLES T. DILLINGHAM.
1880.
COPYRIGHT, 1880,
BY WILLIAM W. WHEILDON.
_Author's Address:_
BOX 229, CONCORD, MASS.
_Franklin Press:
Rand, Avery, & Company,
117 Franklin Street,
Boston._
AFFECTIONATELY DEDICATED
_TO MY WIFE_,
JULIET REBECCA WHEILDON,
IN COMMEMORATION OF THE
Fifty-first Year of our Married Life,
_MAY 28, 1880_.
WILLIAM W. WHEILDON.
INTRODUCTION.
It seems proper to say in offering this little volume to the public, that
no attempt has been made to exhaust the subjects of which the papers
respectively treat; but rather to enlarge upon matters of historical
interest to Boston, which have been referred to only in a general way by
historians and previous writers.--This idea rather than any determination
to select merely curious topics, has in a large measure influenced the
writer; and the endeavor has been to treat them freely and fairly, and
present what may be new, or comparatively new, concerning them, from such
sources as are now accessible and have been open to the writer. It is not,
however, intended to say that an impulse towards some curious matters of
history has not been indulged, and, indeed, considering the subjects and
materials which presented themselves, could scarcely have been avoided,
which was by no means desirable. Although it has been impertinently said,
that "the most curious thing to be found is a woman not curious," we
submit that curiosity is a quality not to be disparaged by wit or sarcasm,
but is rather the germ and quality of progress in art and science and
history.
It has been impossible to correct or qualify, or perhaps we might say
avoid, all the errors, mistakes, or contradictions, which have been
encountered in preparing these pages; and very possibly we may have
inadvertently added to the number. At all events, with our best endeavors
against being drawn into or multiplying errors, we lay no claim to
invulnerability in the matter of accuracy, or immaculacy in the way of
opinions; and we very sincerely add, if errors or mistakes have been made
and are found, we shall be glad to be apprised of them. There are errors
in our history which it is scarcely worth the while to attempt to correct,
although they are not to be countenanced and should not be repeated.
A period of two hundred and fifty years since the settlement of the town
includes and covers a history of no ordinary character, involving progress
and development, not merely of customs, manners and opinions, but of
principles, passions and government. The city is a creation, as it were,
by the art and industry of man; and, with the reverence of Cotton Mather
himself, we add, "With the help of God!" and we venture the comparison
that no change or growth, improvement or embellishment, is to be found in
the settlement or the city, that may not be paralleled in the growth,
advancement and elevation of its people: indeed, we go even farther than
this, the material progress to be seen around us, in all its multifarious
forms and combinations, item by item, small or great, is indicative only
of the advancement of the people, and marks the progress of moral, mental
and intellectual power--of art, science and knowledge.
We take this opportunity to acknowledge our indebtedness to several
friends for the loan and use of many rare and valuable works in the
preparation of this history, and in particular to Messrs. John A. Lewis
and John L. DeWolf, of Boston, and Mr. J. Ward Dean, of the N. E. His.
Gen. Society.
TABLE OF CONTENTS:
I. Topography of Boston.
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THE WALCOTT TWINS
BY
LUCILE LOVELL
ILLUSTRATED BY IDA WAUGH
THE PENN PUBLISHING COMPANY
PHILADELPHIA MCM
Copyright 1900 by The Penn Publishing Company
CONTENTS
CHAPTER PAGE
I Gay and May 5
II The First Separation 11
III Just for Fun 16
IV A Remarkable Household 23
V More Confusion 30
VI Being a Boy 37
VII Being a Girl 44
VIII A Scene at Rose Cottage 49
IX Saw and Axe 56
X A Course of Training 62
XI The Training Begins 68
XII A Silver-haired Lady 75
XIII A Plan that Failed 82
XIV The Boy Predominates 89
XV Gay's Popularity Begins 97
XVI A Squad of One 106
XVII Concerning Philip 114
XVIII Dark Days 122
XIX The Event of the Season 130
XX The Belle of Hazelnook 141
XXI The Sky Brightens 151
XXII The Dearest Girl 162
XXIII A Great Game 172
XXIV The Idol Totters 181
XXV The Girls make Peace 189
XXVI All's Right Again 194
XXVII Happy People 199
THE WALCOTT TWINS
CHAPTER I
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Transcriber Note
Emphasized text displayed as: _Italic_ and =Bold=.
Whole and fractional numbers as: 1-1/2
THE
NURSERY-BOOK
A COMPLETE GUIDE
TO THE
Multiplication and Pollination of Plants
_By L. H. BAILEY_
New York:
The Rural Publishing Company
1891
_By the Same Author._
Horticulturist's Rule-Book.
A Compendium of Useful Information for Fruit Growers, Truck Gardeners,
Florists and others. New edition, completed to the close of 1890. Pp.
250. Library edition, cloth, $1. Pocket edition, paper, 50 cents.
Annals of Horticulture
FOR THE YEARS 1889 AND 1890.
A Witness of Passing Events, and a Record of Progress. Being records
of introductions during the year, of new methods and discoveries in
horticulture, of yields and prices, horticultural literature and work
of the experiment stations, necrology, etc. _Illustrated._ 2 vols.
Library edition, cloth, $1 per vol. Pocket edition, paper, 50 cents per
vol.
COPYRIGHTED 1891,
BY L. H. BAILEY.
ELECTROTYPED AND PRINTED
BY J. HORACE M'FARLAND, HARRISBURG, PA.
PREFACE.
This little handbook aims at nothing more than an account of the
methods commonly employed in the propagation and crossing of plants,
and its province does not extend, therefore, to the discussion of
any of the ultimate results or influences of these methods. All such
questions as those relating to the formation of buds, the reciprocal
influences of cion and stock, comparative advantages of whole and piece
roots, and the results of pollination, do not belong here.
In its preparation I have consulted freely all the best literature
of the subject, and I have been aided by many persons. The entire
volume has been read by skilled propagators, so that even all such
directions as are commonly recommended in other countries have also
been sanctioned, if admitted, as best for this. In the propagation of
trees and shrubs and other hardy ornamentals, I have had the advice of
the head propagator of one of the largest nurseries in this country.
The whole volume has also passed through the hands of B. M. Watson,
Jr., of the Bussey Institution of Harvard University, a teacher of
unusual skill and experience in this direction, and who has added
greatly to the value of the book. The articles upon orchids and upon
most of the different genera of orchids in the Nursery List, have been
contributed by W. J. Bean, of the Royal Gardens, Kew, who is well
known as an orchid specialist. I have drawn freely upon the files of
magazines, both domestic and foreign, and I have made particular use
of Nicholson's Illustrated Dictionary of Gardening, Vilmorin's Les
Fleurs de Pleine Terre, Le Bon Jardinier, and Rümpler's Illustriertes
Gartenbau-Lexikon.
It is believed that the Nursery List contains all the plants which are
ordinarily grown by horticulturists in this country either for food
or ornament. But in order to give some clew to the propagation of any
which are omitted, an ordinal index has been added, by which one can
search out plants of a given natural order or family. It cannot be
hoped that the book is complete, or that the directions are in every
case best for all regions, and any corrections or additions which will
be useful in the preparation of a second edition are solicited.
L. H. BAILEY.
Ithaca, N. Y., _Jan. 1, 1891_.
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER I.
Seedage 9-24
Regulation of Moisture 9
Requirements of Temperature 14
Preparatory Treatment of Seeds 15
Sowing 19
Miscellaneous Matters 21
Spores 24
CHAPTER II.
Separation 25-31
CHAPTER III.
Layerage 32-38
CHAPTER IV.
Cuttage 39-62
Devices for Regulating Heat and Moisture 39
Soils and General Methods 46
Particular Methods--Kinds of Cuttings 51
1. Tuber Cuttings 52
2. Root Cuttings 53
3. Stem Cuttings 54
4. Leaf Cuttings 60
CHAPTER V.
Graftage 63-96
General Considerations 63
Particular Methods 67
Budding 67
Grafting 76
Grafting Waxes 92
CHAPTER VI.
The Nursery List 97-285
CHAPTER VII.
Pollination 286-298
General Requirements 287
Methods 291
Crossing of Flowerless Plants 297
[Illustration]
NURSERY.--_An establishment for the rearing of plants. In America the
word is commonly used in connection with the propagation of woody
plants only, as fruit-trees and ornamental trees and shrubs. This is
erroneous. The word properly includes the propagation of all plants by
whatever means, and in this sense it is used in this book._
Tabular Statement of the Ways in which Plants are Propagated.
_A._ By Seeds.--_Seedage._
{ { { Root-tips.
{ { { Runners.
{ { 1. By { Layers proper:
{ { undetached { Simple.
{ { parts.-- { Serpentine.
{ { _Layerage._ { Mound.
{ { { Pot or Chinese.
{ {
{ I. On their { { 1. By undivided parts.--
{ own roots. { { _Separation_ (Bulbs, corms,
{ { { bulbels, bulblets,
{ { { bulb-scales, tubers, etc).
{ { {
{ { 2. By detached { { Division.
{ { parts. { 2. By divided { Cuttings
{ { { parts.-- { proper:
{ { { _Cuttage._ { Of tubers.
_B._ { { { { Of roots.
By Buds. { { { { Of stems.
{ { { { Of leaves.
{
{ { { I. Budding: Shield, flute,
{ { { veneer, ring, annular,
{ { { whistle or tubular.
{ { {
{ { { II. Grafting:
{ { { Whip.
{ II. On roots { { Saddle.
{ of other { 1. By detached { Splice.
{ plants.-- { scions. { Veneer.
{ _Graftage._ { { Cleft.
{ { { Bark.
{ { { Herbaceous.
{ { { Seed.
{ { { Double.
{ { { Cutting.
{ { 2. By undetached scions.--Inarching.
CHAPTER I.
SEEDAGE.
=Seedage.=--The process or operation of propagating by seeds or spores,
or the state or condition of being propagated by seeds or spores.
There are three external requisites to the germination of
seeds--moisture, free oxygen, and a definite temperature. These
requisites are demanded in different degrees and proportions by seeds
of different species, or even by seeds of the same species when
differing widely in age or degree of maturity. The supply of oxygen
usually regulates itself. It is only necessary that the seeds shall not
be planted too deep, that the soil is porous and not overloaded with
water. Moisture and temperature, however, must be carefully regulated.
[Illustration: Fig. 1. Double Seed-Pot.]
=Regulation of Moisture.=--Moisture is the most important factor
in seedage. It is usually applied to the seeds by means of soil or
some similar medium, as moss or cocoanut fiber. Fresh and vigorous
seeds endure heavy waterings, but old and poor seeds must be treated
sparingly. If there is reason to suspect that the seeds are weak,
water should not be applied to them directly. A favorite method of
handling them is to sow them in a pot of loose and sandy loam which
is set inside a larger pot, the intermediate space being filled with
moss, to which, alone, the water is applied. This device is illustrated
in Fig. 1. The water soaks through the walls of the inner pot and is
supplied gradually and constantly to the soil. Even in this case it
is necessary to prevent soaking the moss too thoroughly, especially
with very weak seeds. When many pots are required, they may be simply
plunged in moss with the same effect. The soil should be simply very
slightly moist, never
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THE VIGIL OF
BRUNHILD
A NARRATIVE POEM
BY FREDERIC MANNING
LONDON
JOHN MURRAY, ALBEMARLE STREET, W.
1907
PRINTED BY
HAZELL, WATSON AND VINEY, LD.,
LONDON AND AYLESBURY.
INTRODUCTION
BRUNHILD, died A.D. 613
The intervention of women in the course of the world’s history has
nearly always been attended by those events upon which poets delight to
meditate: events of sinister and tragic significance, the chief value
of which is to show in rude collision the ideals and the realities of
life; the common humanity of the central figures in direct conflict
with the inhuman march of circumstance; and the processes through which
these central figures, like Lady Macbeth or Cleopatra, are made to
transcend all conventional morality, and, though completely evil in the
ordinary sense, to redeem themselves and win our sympathy by a moment
of heroic fortitude, or of supreme and consuming anguish. Such events
and processes, however, belong properly to dramatic art; narrative
poetry, being of a smoother and easier texture allowing more scope to the
subjective play of ideas: in short, it is more spiritual than real. The
Queen of Austrasia and Burgundy, whom I have made the subject of my poem,
is essentially a figure of tragedy. Perhaps it might have been better to
treat her as a subject of dramatic action; but in order to do so it would
have been necessary to limit her personality, to define her character, to
treat only a part of her various and complex psychology. I preferred to
show her at the moment of complete renunciation, a prisoner in her own
castle of Orbe on the banks of the lake of Neuchâtel, after she had been
betrayed by her own army, and had become the prey of her own rebellious
nobles; and the poem is but a series of visions that come to her in
the stress of her final degradation, while she is awaiting the brutal
death which the victors reserved for her. Indeed, so entirely spiritual
was my intention, I have scarcely thought it worth while to enumerate
the ironies of her situation. The squalor of her cell, the triumph
of her foes, the prospect of her own immediate death become entirely
insignificant beside the pageantry, the splendour, the romance of a past
which her memories evoke and clothe with faint, reflected glories. She
hears, in the charming phrase of Renan, “les cloches d’une ville d’Is.”
In a note at the end of the volume I have given some extracts from
the _Histoire de France_, edited by M. Ernest Lavisse, which show the
principal events of her life.
F. M.
THE VIGIL OF BRUNHILD
Brunhild, with worn face framed in withered hands,
Sate in her wounded royalty; and seemed
Like an old eagle, taken in the toils,
And fallen from the wide extended sway
Of her dominion, whence the eye looks down
On mountains shrunk to nothing, and the sea
Fretting in vain against its boundaries.
She sate, with chin thrust forward, listening
To the loud shouting and the ring of swords
On shields, that sounded from the crowded hall;
Where all her ancient bards were emulous
In praise, now, of her foes who feasted there.
Her humid cell was strown with rotten straw,
A roost of owls, and haunt of bats; the wind
Blew the cold rain in, and made tremulous
The smoking flame, on which her eyes were set;
Her raiment was all torn, and stained with blood;
Her hair had fallen, and she heeded not:
She was alone and friendless, but her eyes
Held something kingly that could outfrown Fate.
Gray, haggard, wan, and yet with dignity,
Which had been beauty once, and now was age,
She sate in that foul cellar, as one sits
To whom life owes no further injury,
Whom no hopes cheat, and no despairs make pale;
Though in her heart, and on her rigid face,
Despair was throned in gaunt magnificence.
A sound disturbed her thought; she turned her head,
Waiting, while a strong hand unbarred the door,
With hatred burning in her tearless eyes,
Ready to front her foes. The huge door gave
Creaking, unwillingly, to close again
Behind a priest, whose melancholy eyes
Were dropped before the anger of her own.
“A priest!” she cried; “they send to me a priest!
Mocking me, that my hand first helped these priests
Till a priest’s hand was strong to strike me down.”
He bent before her, swayed by grief and shame;
Then spoke: “Brunhild, they sent me not to thee;
But I came willingly, nor feared their wrath.
Arnulf and Pippin feast their warriors
In the high-raftered hall, and cheer the bards,
Who sing of how they smote thee: so I crept
Forth from the tumult. At the height of noon
To-morrow they will tie thee to a horse
That never has known bridle, to be dragged
Over the stony ways till thou art dead;
And I am come to shrive thee”: and he stayed
His tongue; but sorrow filled his frightened eyes.
“Go from me,” then she said; “thou knowest how
My life has been as angry as a flame,
Consumed with its own passions. Go from me:
Thou couldst not bear the weight of all my sins.
Yea, go. I will not call upon thy God;
He is too far from me: could I again
Have my old strength and beauty, I should waste
Again the earth with my delight in war,
And vex my body with the restless loves
That my youth knew. A life of war and love;
Passions that shake the soul; bright, ruddy flames
Devouring speedily this fretful flesh:
A life of clamour, shouting, dust and heat,
The tumult of the battle, ringing shields,
The hiss of sudden arrows through the air,
And drumming hoofs of horses in the mad
Thunderous fury of the charge, that breaks
Baffled, like waves upon a wall of steel:
Give me again that life of ecstasy
And I shall leave your heaven to its sleep.”
She wrapped her cloak about her, close; and frowned
Once more upon the flame. He spoke again:
“When I was long-haired, too, the windy joys
Of battle wrought a madness in my blood;
Yet never night came but mine eyes would close
On sleep, that seemed a mother to my soul,
In trustfulness as quiet as a child’s.
Hast thou no need of quiet, of a sleep
That stretches out its wings and shrouds thee close,
Healing thee of all wounds, and wards the day
Off from thine eyelids? There is peace in God,
If we might find him; but the way is far
And difficult of travel for our feet,
Leading through all the sounding ways of life
And silent ways of death, through whose domain
Each blind soul voyages in loneliness:
Nor ever has a man with undimmed eyes,
Save he whom ravens fed, and he whose voice
Sounded the note of triumph, even in Hell,
While the dead flocked unto him, and the gates
Were lifted up for gladness, travelled it.
Wide regions filled with spirits numberless——”
But Brunhild turned on him: “I see them now,
Though Death has not yet claimed me, in that flame;
And wouldst thou have me go to them in fear,
With loosened knees and face untaught to frown?
Would they for all my weeping pity me?
Yea, there is Fredegonde with mocking eyes:
I seem to see my life through smoking blood
That she and I have spilt in quarrelling.
Shall we too fill, with greater clamour, Hell;
Battling like eagles through the gloomy air,
That trembles at the passion of our wings?
Go from me: I repent not anything.”
“Nay, yet I shall not go; but rest and hear
Thy story in the form it leaves thy lips;
Nor question thee, but bless thee and depart.
For surely all thy soul yearns backward now
To half remembered days, that fill the flame,
Even as you say, with floating memories,
Purged of the dross, that was a part of them,
Nought now but soft gold of thy plastic dreams,
Wrought to what shape you will: so have I heard
That we judge others and judge not ourselves
By a stern measure; and therefore we fail
Of perfect justice, which is charity.”
“Ye, who are sheltered from the world, O priest,”
Spake Brunhild, mocking him, “have time to pause
Ere your minds fix the measure of pure truth
And perfect justice; but our windy life
Loses no time on niceties: for me,
I gave such justice as I look for now;
I swung a hammer on mine enemies,
To forge the world anew unto my mind;
My cause was justice in mine eyes, and those
Who stood against me, enemies of God.
Lo! I have failed of all my purposes,
And age has come upon me like a cloud;
And these old shoulders groan beneath the shame,
The bitterness, the burden of defeat:
Yet I have seen the star, where others saw
Only the froth and spume of angry storms.”
He gazed on her with patient, gentle eyes;
Bowed, sate she, with her hands clasped round her knees,
Incarnate sorrow: then her lion’s head
She lifted; and spake once again to him:
“When I came out of Spain to Sigebert
The rude Franks wondered at my company,
My Moorish falconers and deep-voiced hounds,
My swift light-horsemen, harpers, lutanists;
And prophesied my days would fly, like gold
Out of the loose hands of a prodigal,
With the delight of hunting and the glad
Singing of minstrels in the crowded hall,
Where the red torches mirror on the shields
And burnished helmets their tempestuous lights:
Ominous fires of slaughter, flickering,
To flash out suddenly in angry flame.
“But, for a while, my house was filled with smiles;
And Love sate as a guest beside my hearth.
Each morning heard the horns call to the chase
The loud, glad music of the eager hounds,
While huntsmen cheered them onward, and the rides
Through woodlands, down the shadow-dappled ways,
Woke, in the answering April of my youth,
A pleasure that was one thing with the dawn.
“So passed my days, in courtly wise, until
Some whisper promised me another Spring
Thrilling within my body, and I felt
The first strange wakenings of motherhood,
The pledge, and prophecy, of future Kings.
And I went roaming through the woods no more;
Intent on quiet business with my maids,
Spinning new wool, or standing by the loom,
Or broidering toy baldricks, with gold thread,
Bright, to please baby eyes, that love bright things;
Dreaming on all the promise, that I held,
And all the storm and stress life held for him.
“Then first I saw the doom that Nature laid
On women, to be careful harvesters;
To plan, and toil, and build for unborn sons,
To shape the future out of their own time.
These turbulent loud nobles with their feuds
Carousing nightly, or in companies
Changing their hunting-grounds from place to place,
Vexed me with their unthrift and wantonness:
I saw them as a hindrance to my son,
And
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American Nature Series
Group V. Diversions from Nature
INSECT STORIES
BY
VERNON L. KELLOGG
_With Illustrations_
BY
MARY WELLMAN, MAUD LANKTREE, AND SEKKO SHIMADA
NEW YORK
HENRY HOLT AND COMPANY
1908
COPYRIGHT, 1908,
BY HENRY HOLT AND COMPANY
Published June, 1908
ROBERT DRUMMOND COMPANY, PRINTERS, NEW YORK
TO
DOROTHY S., ANNA F., AND MARY L.
WHO ARE MARY
PREFATORY NOTE
In these days many strange, true stories about animals are being
written and read, but it seems to me that some of our most intimate
and interesting animal companions are being overlooked. So I have
tried to write about a few of them. These stories are true. I know
this, for Mary and I have really seen almost everything I have told;
and they seem to us strange. If there have slipped into the stories
occasional slight attempts to show some reason for the strange things
or to point an unobtrusive moral, it is because the teacher's habit
has overcome the story-teller's intention. So the slips may be
pardoned.
Of course I recognize that it is taking great chances nowadays with
one's reputation for honesty and truth-telling to write or tell
stories about animal behavior. Nature writers seem to be held, as a
class, not to be above suspicion. But is a truthful man to be kept
silent by criticism or abuse, or, on the other hand, is he to
surrender, even for cash, to bad examples? I call out, "No!" and beat
on the table as I say this until the pens and paper hop, and Mary
asks, "No what?" Which reminds me that I must make some exception to
my sweeping declaration of the truth of the whole of this little book.
I am not responsible for Mary! She is, bless her, a child of dreams,
and sometimes her dreams get into her talk. So some of Mary in this
book is fancy; but the beasties and their doings are--I say it
again--true, quite true.
V. L. K.
STANFORD UNIVERSITY, CALIFORNIA.
LIST OF STORIES
A NARROW-WAISTED MOTHER
RED AND BLACK AGAINST WHITE
THE VENDETTA
THE TRUE STORY OF THE PIT OF MORROWBIE JUKES
ARGIOPE OF THE SILVER SHIELD
THE ORANGE-DWELLERS
THE DRAGON OF LAGUNITA
A SUMMER INVASION
A CLEVER LITTLE BROWN ANT
AN HOUR OF LIVING; OR, THE DANCE OF DEATH
IN FUZZY'S GLASS HOUSE
THE ANIMATED HONEY-JARS
HOUSES OF OAK
[Illustration: A NARROW-WAISTED MOTHER]
A NARROW-WAISTED MOTHER
I first got acquainted with Mary when she was collecting tarantula
holes. This appealed to me strongly. It was so much more interesting
than collecting postmarks or even postage-stamps.
It is part of my work, the part which is really my play--to go out and
look at things. To do the same, I found out, is Mary's play--which is,
of course, her most serious employment. We easily got acquainted when
we first met, and made an arrangement to go out and look at things,
and collect some of them, together. So after Mary had shown me that
collecting tarantula holes is really quite simple--although at first
thought of it you may not think so--I proposed to her to come along
and help me collect a few wasp holes. They are smaller of course than
tarantula holes and do not make quite such a fine showing when you get
them home, but they have several real advantages over the spider
burrows, only one of which I need tell you now. This one is, that you
can watch the wasps make their holes because they do it in the
daytime, while you can't watch the tarantula make its hole because it
does
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AT THE GATE OF SAMARIA
By William J. Locke
London
William Heinemann
1895
TO ONE WHOSE WORK IT IS AS MUCH AS MINE
I INSCRIBE THIS BOOK.
AT THE GATE OF SAMARIA.
CHAPTER I.
It was a severe room, scrupulously neat. Along one side ran a bookcase,
with beaded glass doors, containing, as one might see by peering through
the spaces, the collected, unread literature of two stern generations.
A few old prints, placed in bad lights, hung on the walls. In the centre
of the room was a leather-covered library table, with writing materials
arranged in painful precision. A couch was lined along one wall, in the
draught of the door. On either side of the fireplace were ranged two
stiff leather armchairs.
In
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Bede's Ecclesiastical History of England
A Revised Translation
With Introduction, Life, and Notes
By
A. M. Sellar
Late Vice-Principal of Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford
London
George Bell and Sons
1907
CONTENTS
Editor's Preface
Introduction
Life Of Bede
Errata
Preface
Book I
Chap. I. Of the Situation of Britain and Ireland, and of their ancient
inhabitants.
Chap. II. How Caius Julius Caesar was the first Roman that came into
Britain.
Chap. III. How Claudius, the second of the Romans who came into
Britain, brought the islands Orcades into subjection to the Roman
empire; and Vespasian, sent by him, reduced the Isle of Wight under the
dominion of the Romans.
Chap. IV. How Lucius, king of Britain, writing to Pope Eleutherus,
desired to be made a Christian.
Chap. V. How the Emperor Severus divided from the rest by a rampart
that part of Britain which had been recovered.
Chap. VI. Of the reign of Diocletian, and how he persecuted the
Christians.
Chap. VII. The Passion of St. Alban and his companions, who at that
time shed their blood for our Lord.
Chap. VIII. How, when the persecution ceased, the Church in Britain
enjoyed peace till the time of the Arian heresy.
Chap. IX. How during the reign of Gratian, Maximus, being created
Emperor in Britain, returned into Gaul with a mighty army.
Chap. X. How, in the reign of Arcadius, Pelagius, a Briton, insolently
impugned the Grace of God.
Chap. XI. How during the reign of Honorius, Gratian and Constantine
were created tyrants in Britain; and soon after the former was slain in
Britain, and the latter in Gaul.
Chap. XII. How the Britons, being ravaged by the Scots and Picts,
sought succour from the Romans, who coming a second time, built a wall
across the island; but when this was broken down at once by the
aforesaid enemies, they were reduced to greater distress than before.
Chap. XIII. How in the reign of Theodosius the younger, in whose time
Palladius was sent to the Scots that believed in Christ, the Britons
begging assistance of AEtius, the consul, could not obtain it. [446
A.D.]
Chap. XIV. How the Britons, compelled by the great famine, drove the
barbarians out of their territories; and soon after there ensued, along
with abundance of corn, decay of morals, pestilence, and the downfall
of the nation.
Chap. XV. How the Angles, being invited into Britain, at first drove
off the enemy; but not long after, making a league with them, turned
their weapons against their allies.
Chap. XVI. How the Britons obtained their first victory over the
Angles, under the command of Ambrosius, a Roman.
Chap. XVII. How Germanus the Bishop, sailing into Britain with Lupus,
first quelled the tempest of the sea, and afterwards that of the
Pelagians, by Divine power. [429 A.D.]
Chap. XVIII. How the some holy man gave sight to the blind daughter of
a tribune, and then coming to St. Alban, there received of his relics,
and left other relics of the blessed Apostles and other martyrs. [429
A.D.]
Chap. XIX. How the same holy man, being detained there by sickness, by
his prayers quenched a fire that had broken out among the houses, and
was himself cured of his infirmity by a vision. [429 A.D.]
Chap. XX. How the same Bishops brought help from Heaven to the Britons
in a battle, and then returned home. [430 A.D.]
Chap. XXI. How, when the Pelagian heresy began to spring up afresh,
Germanus, returning to Britain with Severus, first restored bodily
strength to a lame youth, then spiritual health to the people of God,
having condemned or converted the Heretics. [447 A.D.]
Chap. XXII. How the Britons, being for a time at rest from foreign
invasions, wore themselves out by civil wars, and at the same time gave
themselves up to more heinous crimes.
Chap. XXIII. How the holy Pope Gregory sent Augustine, with other
monks, to preach to the English nation, and encouraged them by a letter
of exhortation, not to desist from their labour. [596 A.D.]
Chap. XXIV. How he wrote to the bishop of Arles to entertain them. [596
A.D.]
Chap. XXV. How Augustine, coming into Britain, first preached in the
Isle of Thanet to the King of Kent, and having obtained licence from
him, went into Kent, in order
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THE IRISH PENNY JOURNAL.
NUMBER 4. SATURDAY, JULY 25, 1840. VOLUME 1.
[Illustration: CAISLEAN-NA-CIRCE, OR THE HEN'S CASTLE.]
Our prefixed illustration gives a near view of one of the most
interesting ruins now remaining in the romantic region of Connemara, or
the Irish Highlands, and which is no less remarkable for its great
antiquity than for the singularly wild and picturesque character of its
situation, and that of its surrounding scenery. It is the feature that
gives poetic interest to the most beautiful portion of Lough Corrib--its
upper extremity--where a portion of the lake, about three miles in
length, is apparently surrounded and shut in by the rocky and precipitous
mountains of Connemara and the Joyce country, which it reflects upon its
surface, without any object to break their shadows, or excite a feeling
of human interest, but the one little lonely Island-Castle of the Hen.
That an object thus situated--having no accompaniments around but those
in keeping with it--should, in the fanciful traditions of an imaginative
people, be deemed to have had a supernatural origin, is only what might
have been naturally expected; and such, indeed, is the popular belief. If
we inquire of the peasantry its origin, or the origin of its name, the
ready answer is given, that it was built by enchantment in one night by a
cock and a hen grouse, who had been an Irish prince and princess!
There is, indeed, among some of the people of the district a dim
tradition of its having been erected as a fastness by an O'Conor, King
of Connaught, and some venture to conjecture that this king was no other
than the unfortunate Roderick, the last King of Ireland; and that the
castle was intended by him to serve as a place of refuge and safety, to
which he could retire by boat, if necessity required, from the
neighbouring monastery of Cong, in which he spent the last few years of
his life: and it is only by this supposition that they can account for
the circumstance of a castle being erected by the O'Conors in the very
heart of a district which they believe to have been in the possession of
the O'Flahertys from time immemorial. But this conjecture is wholly
erroneous, and the true founders and age of this castle are to be found
in our authentic but as yet unpublished Annals, from which it appears
certain that the Hen's Castle was one of several fortresses erected, with
the assistance of Richard de Burgo, Lord of Connaught, and Lord Justice
of Ireland, by the sons of Roderick, the last monarch of the kingdom. It
is stated in the Annals of Connaught, and in the Annals of the Four
Masters, at the year 1225, that Hugh O'Conor (son of Cathal Crovedearg),
King of Connaught, and the Lord Justice of Ireland, Richard De Burgo,
arriving with their English at the Port of Inis Creamha, on the east side
of Lough Corrib, caused Hugh O'Flaherty, the Lord of West Connaught, to
surrender the island of Inis Creamha, Oilen-na-Circe, or the Hen's
Island, and all the vessels of the lake, into Hugh O'Conor's hands, for
assurance of his fidelity.
From this entry it would appear that the Hen's Island, as well as the
island called Inis Creamha, had each a castle on it previously; and this
conclusion is strengthened by a subsequent entry in the same Annals, at
the year 1233, from which it appears that this castle, as well as others,
had been erected by the sons of Roderick, who had been long in contention
for the government with Cathal Crovedearg, and his sons Hugh and Felim,
and had, during these troubles, possessed themselves of O'Flaherty's
country. On the death of Hugh O'Conor, who was treacherously slain by
Geoffry De Mares, or De Marisco, in 1228, they appear to have again
seized on the strongholds of the country, that of the Hen's Castle among
the rest, and to have retained them till 1233, when their rival Felim
O'Conor finally triumphed, and broke down their castles. This event is
thus narrated in the Annals of the Four Masters:--
"1233. Felim, the son of Charles the Red-handed, led an array into
Connaught. Cormac, the son of Tomaltagh (Lord of Moylurg), went to meet
him, and brought him to Moylurg, where they erected a camp at Druim
Greagraighe, and were joined by Cormac, by Conor his son, the inhabitants
of the three Tu
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HISTORY
OF THE
THIRTY-SIXTH REGIMENT
MASSACHUSETTS VOLUNTEERS.
1862-1865.
_BY A COMMITTEE OF THE REGIMENT._
BOSTON:
PRESS OF ROCKWELL AND CHURCHILL.
89 ARCH STREET.
1884.
TO
Our Comrades
OF THE
_THIRTY-SIXTH MASSACHUSETTS VOLUNTEERS_
THIS RECORD OF A COMMON EXPERIENCE
IS
_AFFECTIONATELY INSCRIBED_.
_Ah, never shall the land forget_
_How gushed the life-blood of her brave,--_
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Transcriber's Notes:
1. Page scan source: Google Books
https://books.google.com/books?id=w8gBAAAAQAAJ
(Oxford University)
KISSING THE ROD.
LONDON:
HOBSON AND SON, GREAT NORTHERN PRINTING WORKS,
PANCRAS ROAD, N.W.
KISSING THE ROD.
A Novel.
BY EDMUND YATES,
AUTHOR OF "BROKEN TO HARNESS," "RUNNING THE GAUNTLET,"
"LAND AT LAST," ETC.
"The heart knoweth its own bitterness."
IN THREE VOLUMES.
VOL. I.
LONDON:
TINSLEY BROTHERS, 18 CATHERINE ST. STRAND.
1866.
[_All rights of translation and reproduction reserved_.]
Inscribed to
THE COUNTESS OF FIFE.
CONTENTS OF VOL. I.
CHAP.
I. DAZZLED.
II. A MORNING CALL.
III. WITHIN THE PALE.
IV. MR. GUYON'S FRIEND.
V. HESTER GOULD.
VI. IN CHAMBERS.
VII. KATHARINE GUYON.
VIII. AMARYLLIS IN A MARQUEE.
IX. INVESTMENTS.
X. STRUGGLE.
XI. LEFT LAMENTING.
XII. VICTORY.
KISSING THE ROD.
CHAPTER I.
DAZZLED.
There was no name on the doorposts, nothing beyond the
number--"48"--to serve as a guide; and yet it may be doubted
whether any firm in the City was better known to the postman, the
bankers'-clerks, and all who had regular business to transact with
them, than that of Streightley and Son. The firm had been Streightley
and Son, and it had been located at 48 Bullion Lane, for the last
hundred and fifty years. They were money-brokers and scrip-sellers at
the time of the South-Sea bubble, and were among the very few who were
not ruined by that disastrous swindle. So little ruined were they that
they prospered by it, and in the next generation extended their
business and enlarged their profits; both of which, however, were
consider curtailed by rash speculations during the French Revolution
and the American War. Within the first quarter of the present century
the business of Streightley and Son recovered itself; and, under the
careful management of old Sam Streightley and his head clerk, Mr.
Fowler, the house became highly esteemed as one of the safest
bill-broking establishments in the City. It was not, however, until
young Mr. Robert, following the bounden career of all the eldest sons
of that family, joined the business, and, after close application, had
thoroughly mastered its details, that fortune could be said to have
smiled steadily on the firm. Young Mr. Robert's views were so large
and his daring so great, that his father, old Mr. Sam, at first stood
aghast, and had to be perpetually supplicated before he gave
permission to experiment on the least hazardous of all the young man's
suggestions; but after the son had been about two years a partner in
the firm it happened that the father was laid up with such a terrible
attack of gout as to be incapable of attending to business for months;
and when he at length obtained the physician's grudging assent to his
visiting the City he found things so prosperous, but withal so totally
changed, that the old gentleman was content to jog down to Bullion
Lane about three times a month until his death, which was not long in
overtaking him.
Prosperous and changed! Yes; no doubt about that. Up that staircase,
hitherto untrodden save by merchants'-clerks leaving bills for
acceptance or notices of bills due; by stags with sham prospectuses of
never-to-be-brought-out companies; or by third-rate City solicitors
giving the quasi-respectability of their names to impotent
semi-swindles, which, though they would never see the light, yet
afforded the means for creating an indisputable and meaty bill of
costs;--up that staircase now came heavy magnates of the City,
directors of the Bank of England, with short ill-made Oxford-mixture
trousers, and puckered coats, and alpaca umbrellas; or natty
stockbrokers, most of them a trifle horsy in garb, all with undeniable
linen, and good though large jewelry, carefully-cultivated whiskers,
and glossy boots. In the little waiting-room might be found an Irish
member of Parliament; the managing director of a great steam-shipping
company; a West-end dandy, with a letter of introduction from some
club acquaintance with a handle to his name, who idiotically imagined
that that handle would serve as a lever to raise money out of Robert
Streightley; a lawyer or two; and, occasionally the bronzed captain of
a steamer arrived with news from the Pacific; or some burnt and
bearded engineer fresh from the inspection of a silver mine in Central
America. A long purgatory, for the most part, did these gentlemen
spend in the little waiting-room, or in the clerk's room beyond it,
where they were exposed to the sharp fusillade of Mr. Fowler's eyes
and the keen glances of the two young men who assisted him. The only
people who were shown by the messenger at once into Mr. Streightley's
presence were the City editors of the various newspapers, and a very
prettily-appointed young gentleman, wise withal beyond his years, who
occasionally drove down to Bullion Lane from Downing Street in a
hansom cab, and who was private secretary to the Chancellor of the
Exchequer.
Robert Streightley had done all this by his own talent
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The Philippine Islands, 1493-1898
Explorations by early navigators, descriptions of the islands and
their peoples, their history and records of the catholic missions,
as related in contemporaneous books and manuscripts, showing the
political, economic, commercial and religious conditions of those
islands from their earliest relations with European nations to the
close of the nineteenth century,
Volume XXXVII, 1669-1676
Edited and annotated by Emma Helen Blair and James Alexander Robertson
with historical introduction and additional notes by Edward Gaylord
Bourne.
The Arthur H. Clark Company
Cleveland, Ohio
MCMVI
CONTENTS OF VOLUME XXXVII
Preface 9
Miscellaneous Documents, 1669-1676
Events in Filipinas, 1668. [Unsigned; Francisco
de Figueroa?]; Manila, January 15, 1669 23
The Dominicans in the Philippines, 1641-69. Baltasar
de Santa Cruz, O.P.; 1676. [From his Historia.] 64
The Augustinians in the Philippines, 1641-70. Casimiro
Diaz, O.S.A.; Manila, 1718. [From his Conquistas.] 149
Manila and the Philippines about 1650 (to be concluded).
Domingo Fernandez Navarrete, O.P.; Madrid, 1676. [From
his Tratados historicos.] 285
Bibliographical Data 307
ILLUSTRATIONS
Map of the Philippine Islands, showing province of the
Order of the
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by Cornell University Digital Collections.)
[Illustration:
The American Missionary
VOL. XXXIX.
NO. 8.
August, 1885.]
CONTENTS
* * * * *
PAGE.
EDITORIAL.
THE FIGURES--FINANCIAL 213
FAREWELL AND GREETING 215
HIGHER EDUCATION OF THE <DW64> 217
OPINIONS 219
PARAGRAPHS 221
THE SOUTH.
BEREA COLLEGE, KY. 221
ANNIVERSARY AT TALLADEGA 222
TOUGALOO COMMENCEMENT 223
TILLOTSON INSTITUTE 224
AVERY INSTITUTE--BREWER NORMAL SCHOOL 226
STUDENT'S LETTER 227
THE INDIANS.
THE APACHE RAID 229
INDIAN SUMMER TENT (cut) 230
THE CHINESE.
TOUR AMONG THE MISSIONS 231
BUREAU OF WOMAN'S WORK.
RESOLUTIONS AT SARATOGA 233
PAPER MISSION--INDUSTRIAL LETTER FROM LE MOYNE 234
CHILDREN'S PAGE.
PLAYING 'POSSUM 234
RECEIPTS 235
* * * * *
NEW YORK:
PUBLISHED BY THE AMERICAN MISSIONARY ASSOCIATION.
Rooms, 56 Reade Street.
* * * * *
Price 50 Cents a Year, in Advance.
Entered at the Post-Office at New York, N. Y., as second-class
matter.
* * * * *
AMERICAN MISSIONARY ASSOCIATION.
* * * * *
PRESIDENT, Hon. WM. B. WASHBURN, LL. D., Mass.
_Vice-Presidents._
Rev. C. L. GOODELL, D. D., Mo.
Rev. A. J. F. BEHRENDS, D. D., N. Y.
Rev. D. O. MEARS, D. D., Mass.
Rev. F. A. NOBLE, D. D., Ill.
Rev. ALEX. McKENZIE, D. D., Mass.
_Corresponding Secretary._
Rev. M. E. STRIEBY, D. D., _56 Reade Street, N. Y._
_Assistant Corresponding Secretary._
Rev. JAMES POWELL, D. D., _56 Reade Street, N. Y._
_Treasurer._
H. W. HUBBARD, Esq., _56 Reade Street, N. Y._
_Auditors._
W. H. ROGERS,
PETER McCARTEE.
_Executive Committee._
JOHN H. WASHBURN, Chairman.
A. P. FOSTER, Secretary.
_For Three Years._
LYMAN ABBOTT.
A. S. BARNES.
J. R. DANFORTH.
CLINTON B. FISK.
A. P. FOSTER.
_For Two Years._
S. B. HALLIDAY.
SAMUEL HOLMES.
SAMUEL S. MARPLES.
CHARLES L. MEAD.
ELBERT B. MONROE.
_For One Year._
J. E. RANKIN.
WM. H. WARD.
J. L. WITHROW.
JOHN H. WASHBURN.
EDMUND L. CHAMPLIN.
_District Secretaries._
Rev. C. L. WOODWORTH, D. D., _21 Cong'l House, Boston_.
Rev. J. E. ROY, D. D., _112 West Washington Street, Chicago_.
Rev. CHARLES W. SHELTON, _Financial Secretary for Indian Missions_.
_Field Officer._
----
_Bureau of Woman's Work._
_Secretary_, Miss D. E. EMERSON, _56 Reade Street, N. Y._
* * * * *
COMMUNICATIONS
Relating to the work of the Association may be addressed to the
Corresponding Secretary; those relating to the collecting fields, to
Rev. James Powell, D. D., or to the District Secretaries; letters for
the "American Missionary," to the Editor, at the New York Office.
DONATIONS AND SUBSCRIPTIONS
May be sent to H. W. Hubbard, Treasurer, 56 Reade Street, New York,
or, when more convenient, to either of the Branch Offices, 21
Congregational House, Boston, Mass., or
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generously made available by The Internet Archive)
MANNERS AND RULES
OF
GOOD SOCIETY
_OR SOLECISMS TO BE AVOIDED_
BY A MEMBER
OF THE ARISTOCRACY
THIRTY-EIGHTH EDITION
[Illustration: Decoration]
LONDON
FREDERICK WARNE AND CO.
AND NEW YORK
1916
(_All rights reserved_)
_Printed in Great Britain_
PREFACE
"MANNERS AND RULES OF GOOD SOCIETY" contains all the information
comprised in the original work, "Manners and Tone of Good Society," but
with considerable additions. In a volume of this nature it is necessary
to make constant revisions, and this
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THE CHAUTAUQUAN.
_A MONTHLY MAGAZINE DEVOTED TO THE PROMOTION OF TRUE CULTURE.
ORGAN OF THE CHAUTAUQUA LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC CIRCLE._
VOL. V. JULY, 1885. No. 10.
OFFICERS OF THE CHAUTAUQUA LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC CIRCLE.
_President_, Lewis Miller, Akron, Ohio. _Chancellor_, J. H. Vincent,
D.D., New Haven, Conn. _Counselors_, The Rev. Lyman Abbott, D.D.;
the Rev. J. M. Gibson, D.D.; Bishop H. W. Warren, D.D.; Prof. W. C.
Wilkinson, D.D.; Edward Everett Hale. _Office Secretary_, Miss Kate
F. Kimball, Plainfield, N. J. _General Secretary_, Albert M. Martin,
Pittsburgh, Pa.
Contents
Transcriber’s Note: This table of contents of this periodical was created
for the HTML version to aid the reader.
Some Damascene Pictures 559
The Boston Museum of Fine Arts
Second Paper 562
Sanitary Conditions of Summer Resorts 564
Wayside Homes 567
Sunday Readings
[_July 5_] 570
[_July 12_] 570
[_July 19_] 570
[_July 26_] 571
“We Salute Thee, and Live” 571
A Group of Mummies 572
A Trip to Mt. Shasta 573
Reassurement 576
Will It Pay? 577
Geography of the Heavens for July 578
How Air Has Been Liquefied 579
American Decorative Art 582
Some Modern Literary Men of Germany 585
Historic Niagara 586
Two Fashionable Poisons 589
Our C. L. S. C. Column 591
Glimpses of the Chautauqua Program 592
Local Circles 593
The C. L. S. C. Classes 600
The Summer Assemblies 603
Editor’s Outlook 606
Editor’s Note-Book 609
Talk About Books 611
Chautauqua in Japan 612
Program of Popular Exercises 613
Special Notes 616
SOME DAMASCENE PICTURES.
BY BISHOP JOHN F. HURST, D.D.
One is forcibly struck with the Damascene bazars. They thread the old
city in all directions. Some of them are new, and some very old. The most
of them are covered ways, where either side is divided into small booths,
or shops. The bazar has its specialty—the brass bazar, the silversmith
bazar, the goldsmith bazar, the shoe bazar, the silk bazar, and all the
rest. Then there is another order of division, such as the Greek bazar
and the Frank bazar. There is sometimes, however, a breaking up of all
orders, for goods of very varied character you can sometimes get in the
same bazar. The oldest of these quaint marts date back many centuries,
and are mere holes, or rickety houses, where buying and selling have
been going on for many a generation. The venders love these old places.
I imagine their fathers, and even remote ancestors sat in the same spot,
and did business in much the same way, and chaffed about the prices in
quite as much hyperbole, four or five centuries ago, as their children
do to-day, when a Frank drops into the busy way, and halts, and asks a
question concerning the beautiful wares.
The love is for the old. No Damascene wants to change to the new. The
smooth floor and familiar shelves of his booth he could not give up to
another for many a bright _bishlik_.
Not long since the Pasha of Damascus, who had been long making vain
efforts to get the shop-keepers of a stretch of the bazar in the “street
that is called straight,” to pull down their booths and put up new ones,
had to give up the task as hopeless. Finally he ordered that, at a given
signal, one night, the bazar should be set fire to in a number of places.
His officers did their duty well. They knew what they were about. The
result was that long reaches of this one bazar were burned to the ground.
The wares went up in smoke with the tinder which enclosed them.
“What could the people do?” I asked my informant.
“Do? Why, nothing at all.”
“Were they insured? Did they get any compensation
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THE CLOISTER AND THE HEARTH
by Charles Reade
Etext
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Transcribed from the 1852 Burns and Lambert edition by David Price, email
[email protected]
THE JESUITS:
A
CORRESPONDENCE
RELATIVE TO A LECTURE SO ENTITLED,
RECENTLY DELIVERED BEFORE THE
ISLINGTON PROTESTANT INSTITUTE,
BY THE
REV. EDWARD HOARE, M.A.,
_Incumbent of Christ Church_, _Ramsgate_.
* * * * *
“Thus men go wrong with an ingenious skill,
Bend the straight rule to their own crooked will,
And with a clear and shining lamp supplied,
First put it out, then take it for their guide.”
_Cowper’s Progress of Error_.
* * * * *
LONDON:
BURNS AND LAMBERT, 17 PORTMAN STREET,
PORTMAN SQUARE.
1852.
* * * * *
W. Davy and Son, Printers, 8, Gilbert-street, Oxford-street.
* * * * *
INTRODUCTION.
IN a Lecture on the Jesuits, recently delivered before the Islington
Protestant Institute by the Rev. EDWARD HOARE, M.A., Incumbent of Christ
Church, Ramsgate, and since published, there occurs the following passage
with the note subjoined:—“It would not be fair to attach to the Order the
opinions of the individual, unless these can be proved to be fully borne
out and sanctioned by the fixed and authoritative documents of the
Society. Nothing, however, can be clearer, than that the sentiments then
expressed, [_i.e._, alleged to have been expressed on an occasion before
referred to], were those not of the man, but of the Order; for although
there is an exceptive clause inserted in one of
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"CAPTAINS COURAGEOUS"
A STORY OF THE GRAND BANKS
by
Rudyard Kipling
TO
JAMES CONLAND, M.D.,
Brattleboro, Vermont
I ploughed the land with horses,
But my heart was ill at ease,
For the old sea-faring men
Came to me now and then,
With their sagas of the seas.
Longfellow.
CHAPTER I
The weather door of the smoking-room had been left open to the North
Atlantic fog, as the big liner rolled and lifted, whistling to warn the
fishing-fleet.
"That Cheyne boy's the biggest nuisance aboard," said a man in a frieze
overcoat, shutting the door with a bang. "He isn't wanted here. He's
too fresh."
A white-haired German reached for a sandwich, and grunted between
bites: "I know der breed. Ameriga is full of dot kind. I dell you you
should imbort ropes' ends free under your dariff."
"Pshaw! There isn't any real harm to him. He's more to be pitied than
anything," a man from New York drawled, as he lay at full length along
the cushions under the wet skylight. "They've dragged him around from
hotel to hotel ever since he was a kid. I was talking to his mother
this morning. She's a lovely lady, but she don't pretend to manage him.
He's going to Europe to finish his education."
"Education isn't begun yet." This was a Philadelphian, curled up in a
corner. "That boy gets two hundred a month pocket-money, he told me. He
isn't sixteen either."
"Railroads, his father, aind't it?" said the German.
"Yep. That and mines and lumber and shipping. Built one place at San
Diego, the old man has; another at Los Angeles; owns half a dozen
railroads, half the lumber on the Pacific <DW72>, and lets his wife
spend the money," the Philadelphian went on lazily. "The West don't
suit her, she says. She just tracks around with the boy and her nerves,
trying to find out what'll amuse him, I guess. Florida, Adirondacks,
Lakewood, Hot Springs, New York, and round again. He isn't much more
than a second-hand hotel clerk now. When he's finished in Europe he'll
be a holy terror."
"What's the matter with the old man attending to him personally?" said
a voice from the frieze ulster.
"Old man's piling up the rocks. 'Don't want to be disturbed, I guess.
He'll find out his error a few years from now. 'Pity, because there's a
heap of good in the boy if you could get at it."
"Mit a rope's end; mit a rope's end!" growled the German.
Once more the door banged, and a slight, slim-built boy perhaps fifteen
years old, a half-smoked cigarette hanging from one corner of his
mouth, leaned in over the high footway. His pasty yellow complexion did
not show well on a person of his years, and his look was a mixture of
irresolution, bravado, and very cheap smartness. He was dressed in a
cherry- blazer, knickerbockers, red stockings, and bicycle
shoes, with a red flannel cap at the back of the head. After whistling
between his teeth, as he eyed the company, he said in a loud, high
voice: "Say, it's thick outside. You can hear the fish-boats squawking
all around us. Say, wouldn't it be great if we ran down one?"
"Shut the door, Harvey," said the New Yorker. "Shut the door and stay
outside. You're not wanted here."
"Who'll stop me?" he answered, deliberately. "Did you pay for my
passage, Mister Martin? 'Guess I've as good right here as the next man."
He picked up some dice from a checkerboard and began throwing, right
hand against left.
"Say, gen'elmen, this is deader'n mud. Can't we make a game of poker
between us?"
There was no answer, and he puffed his cigarette, swung his legs, and
drummed on the table with rather dirty fingers. Then he pulled out a
roll of bills as if to count them.
"How's your mamma this afternoon?" a man said. "I didn't see her at
lunch."
"In her state-room, I guess. She's'most always sick on the ocean. I'm
going to give the stewardess fifteen dollars for looking after her. I
don't go down more 'n I can avoid. It makes me feel mysterious to pass
that butler's-pantry place. Say, this is the first time I've been on
the ocean."
"Oh, don't apologize, Harvey."
"Who
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FAIRY LEGENDS AND TRADITIONS OF THE SOUTH OF IRELAND.
BY
T. CROFTON CROKER.
A New Edition.
WITH NUMEROUS ILLUSTRATIONS,
AFTER DESIGNS OF THE AUTHOR AND OTHERS.
"Come l'araba Fenice
Che ci sia, ognun lo dice;
Dove sia, nessun lo sa."--METASTASIO.
Philadelphia:
LEA AND BLANCHARD.
1844.
PREFACE.
The erudite Lessing styles a preface "the history of a book." Now,
though there can be no necessity
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A GRANDMOTHER'S RECOLLECTIONS.
BY ELLA RODMAN.
1851.
A GRANDMOTHER'S RECOLLECTIONS.
CHAPTER I.
The best bed-chamber, with its hangings of crimson moreen, was opened
and aired--a performance which always caused my eight little brothers
and sisters to place themselves in convenient positions for being
stumbled over, to the great annoyance of industrious damsels, who, armed
with broom and duster, endeavored to render their reign as arbitrary as
it was short. For some time past, the nursery-maids had invariably
silenced refractory children with "Fie, Miss Matilda! Your grandmother
will make you behave yourself--_she_ won't allow such doings, I'll be
bound!" or "Aren't you ashamed of yourself, Master Clarence? What will
your grandmother say to that!" The nursery was in a state of uproar on
the day of my venerable relative's arrival; for the children almost
expected to see, in their grandmother, an ogress, both in features and
disposition.
My mother was the eldest of two children, and my grandmother, from the
period of my infancy, had resided in England with her youngest daughter;
and we were now all employed in wondering what sort of a person our
relative might be. Mamma informed us that the old lady was extremely
dignified, and exacted respect and attention from all around; she also
hinted, at the same time, that it would be well for me to lay aside a
little of my self-sufficiency, and accommodate myself to the humors of
my grandmother. This to me!--to _me_, whose temper was so inflammable
that the least inadvertent touch was sufficient to set it in a blaze--it
was too much! So, like a well-disposed young lady, I very properly
resolved that _mine_ should not be the arm to support the venerable Mrs.
Arlington in her daily walks; that should the children playfully
ornament the cushion of her easy-chair with pins, _I_ would not turn
informant; and should a conspiracy be on foot to burn the old lady's
best wig, I entertained serious thoughts of helping along myself.
In the meantime, like all selfish persons, I considered what demeanor I
should assume, in order to impress my grandmother with a conviction of
my own consequence. Of course, dignified and unbending I _would_ be; but
what if she chose to consider me a child, and treat me accordingly? The
idea was agonizing to my feelings; but then I proudly surveyed my five
feet two inches of height, and wondered how I could have thought of such
a thing! Still I had sense enough to know that such a supposition would
never have entered my head, had there not been sufficient grounds for
it; and, with no small trepidation, I prepared for my first appearance.
It went off as first appearances generally do. I _was_ to have been
seated in an attitude of great elegance, with my eyes fixed on the pages
of some wonderfully wise book, but my thoughts anywhere but in company
with my eyes; while, to give more dignity to a girlish figure, my hair
was to be turned up on the very top of my head with a huge shell comb,
borrowed for the occasion from mamma's drawer. Upon my grandmother's
entrance, I intended to rise and make her a very stiff courtesy, and
then deliver a series of womanish remarks. This, I say, _was_ to have
been my first appearance--but alas! fate ordered otherwise. I was caught
by my dignified relative indulging in a game of romps upon the balcony
with two or three little sisters in pinafores and pantalettes--myself as
much a child as any of them. My grandmother came rather suddenly upon me
as, with my long hair floating in wild confusion, I stooped to pick up
my comb; and while in this ungraceful position, one of the little
urchins playfully climbed upon my back, while the others held me down.
My three little sisters had never appeared to such disadvantage in my
eyes, as they did at the present moment; in vain I tried to shake them
off--they only clung the closer, from fright, on being told of their
grandmother's arrival.
At length, with crimsoned cheeks, and the hot tears starting to my eyes,
I rose and received, rather than returned the offered embrace, and found
myself in the capacious arms of one whom I should have taken for an old
dowager duchess. On glancing at my grandmother's portly figure and
consequential air, I experienced the uncomfortable sensation of utter
insignificance--I encountered the gaze of those full, piercing eyes, and
felt that I was conquered.
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* * * * *
+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| Transcriber's Note: |
| |
| The original book for this e-text is full of inconsistent |
| hyphenation, punctuation and capitalization, which has |
| been preserved. This e-text contains Irish dialect, with |
| unusual spelling. |
| |
| Obvious typographical errors have been corrected. For |
| a complete list, please see the end of this document. |
| |
+-----------------------------------------------------------+
* * * * *
IRELAND AS IT IS
AND AS IT WOULD BE
UNDER HOME RULE.
SIXTY-TWO LETTERS
WRITTEN BY THE
SPECIAL COMMISSIONER
OF THE
BIRMINGHAM DAILY GAZETTE,
BETWEEN MARCH AND AUGUST, 1893.
_With Map of Ireland showing the places visited._
BIRMINGHAM:
BIRMINGHAM DAILY GAZETTE COMPANY, LIMITED, HIGH STREET.
LONDON:
47, FLEET STREET, E.C.
PRINTED BY
THE BIRMINGHAM GAZETTE CO., LTD.,
52 AND 53, HIGH STREET,
BIRMINGHAM.
[Illustration]
SPECIAL COMMISSIONER'S PREFACE.
Irish Loyalists will not soon forget the early part of 1893. Arriving
in Dublin in March, it at once became evident that the industrial
community regarded Home Rule, not with the academical indifference
attributed to the bulk of the English electorate, but with absolute
dismay; not as a possibility which might be pleasantly discussed
between friends, but as a wholly unnecessary measure, darkly
iniquitous, threatening the total destruction of all they held dear.
English lukewarmness was hotly resented, but the certainty that
England must herself receive a dangerous if not a mortal wound, was
scant comfort to men who felt themselves on the eve of a hopeless
struggle for political, nay, even for material existence. This was
before the vast demonstrations of Belfast and Dublin, before the
memorable function in the Albert Hall, London, before the hundreds of
speakers sent forth by the Irish Unionist Alliance had visited
England, spreading the light of accurate knowledge, returning to
Ireland with tidings of comfort and joy. The change in public feeling
was instant and remarkable. Although from day to day the passage of
the Bill through the Commons became more and more a certainty, the
Irish Unionists completely discarded their fears, resuming their
normal condition of trust and confidence. Mr. H.L. Barnardo, J.P., of
Dublin, aptly expressed the universal feeling when he said:--
"We have been to England, and we know three things,--that the Bill
will pass the Commons, that the Lords will throw it out, and that the
English people don't care if they do."
This accounted for the renewed serenity of the well-doing classes,
whose air and attitude were those of men thankful for having narrowly
escaped a great danger. The rebound was easily observable in cities
like Dublin and Belfast, where also was abundantly evident the placid
resignation of the Separatist forces, whose discontent with the actual
Bill and profound distrust of its framer, superadded to an
ever-increasing qualmishness inevitably arising from acquaintance with
the prospective statesmen of an Irish Legislature, caused them to look
forward to the action of the Lords with ill-disguised complacency. In
regions more remote the scattered Loyalists lacked the consolation
arising from numbers and propinquity to England, and accordingly their
tremors continued, and, in a smaller degree, continue still. To them
the Bill is a matter of life and death; and while their industry is
crippled, their mental peace is destroyed by the ever-present torture
of suspense.
As to the merits of the case for Home Rule, I would earnestly ask
fair-minded opponents to remember that during my wanderings I met with
numbers of intelligent and honourable men, both Scots and English, who
having come to Ireland as earnest, nay, even by their own confession,
as bigoted Gladstonians, had changed their opinions on personal
acquaintance with the facts, and strove with all the energy of
conscientious men who had unwittingly led others astray, to repair, so
far as in them lay, the results of their former political action. And
it should be especially noted that of all those I so met who had
arrived in Ireland as Home Rulers, not one retained his original
faith. A very slight process of inductive reasoning will develop the
suggestiveness of this incontestible fact.
Readers will hardly require to be reminded that the letters were
written, not in studious retirement with ample time at command, but
for a Daily Paper, at the rate of nearly eight newspaper columns a
week, in the intervals of travel and inquiry, often under grave
difficulties and with one eye on the inexorable clock
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Transcriber's Note:
Inconsistent hyphenation and spelling in the original document have
been preserved. Obvious typographical errors have been corrected.
Italic text is denoted by _underscores_.
Inconsistent or incorrect accents and spelling in passages in French,
Latin and Italian have been left unchanged.
The following possible inconsistencies/printer errors/archaic
spellings/different names for different entities were pointed
out by the proofers, and left as printed:
Crownenshield, Crowningshield,
Pontchartrain, Ponchartrain,
Blennerhasset and Blannerhassett,
Miller and Millar,
ascendancy and ascendency.
Page 129: Turfot's works should possibly be Turgot's works.
Page 208: "Whom shall we appoint in the room of Kilgore." is possibly
missing a question mark.
Page 234: seafencibles should possibly be sea fencibles.
Page 277: "if we become dissatisfied" should possibly be "if we become satisfied".
Page 278: Uberville should possibly be Iberville.
Page 556: teazing should possibly be teasing.
Page 468: arbonverous is a possible typo.
Page 581: chetif is a possible typo.
Table of Contents:
Colonel Humphreys was misspelled as Umphreys, and therefore out of order.
Latrobe was mispelled and therefore out of order.
LEVETT HARRIS omitted.
THE
WRITINGS
OF
THOMAS JEFFERSON:
BEING HIS
AUTOBIOGRAPHY, CORRESPONDENCE, REPORTS, MESSAGES,
ADDRESSES, AND OTHER WRITINGS, OFFICIAL
AND PRIVATE.
PUBLISHED BY THE ORDER OF THE JOINT COMMITTEE OF CONGRESS ON THE LIBRARY,
FROM THE ORIGINAL MANUSCRIPTS,
DEPOSITED IN THE DEPARTMENT OF STATE.
WITH EXPLANATORY NOTES, TABLES OF CONTENTS, AND A COPIOUS INDEX
TO EACH VOLUME, AS WELL AS A GENERAL INDEX TO THE WHOLE,
BY THE EDITOR
H. A. WASHINGTON.
VOL. V.
NEW YORK:
H. W. DERBY, 625 BROADWAY.
1861.
Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1853, by
TAYLOR & MAURY,
In the Clerk's Office of the District Court for the District of Columbia.
CONTENTS TO VOL. V.
BOOK II.
PART III.--CONTINUED.--LETTERS WRITTEN AFTER HIS RETURN TO THE UNITED
STATES DOWN TO THE TIME OF HIS DEATH.--(1790-1826,)--3.
Adams, citizens of county of, letter written to, 262.
Albemarle county, inhabitants of, letter written to, 439.
Armstrong, General, letters written to, 134, 280, 433.
Astor, John Jacob, letter written to, 269.
Attorney General, letter written to, 546.
Baldwin, M., letter written to, 494.
Barlow, Joel, letters written to, 402, 475, 587, 601.
Barnum, Hon. Joseph, letter written to, 388.
Barton, Dr., letters written to, 204, 469.
Beatty, Captain, letter written to, 125.
Bettay, Mr., letter written to, 246.
Bibb, Mr., letter written to, 326.
Bidwell, Mr., letters written to, 14, 125.
Blake, George, letters written to, 113, 371.
Bloodgood & Hammond, Messrs., letter written to, 472.
Botta, Mr., letter written to, 527.
Bowdoin, Mr., letters written to, 17, 63, 123, 298.
Boyd, Mr., letters written to, 414.
Brent, Robert, letters written to, 49, 196.
Brent, Colonel D. C., letter written to, 305.
Bringhurst, Joseph, letter written to, 208.
Brown, Jacob, letters written to, 239, 241.
Brown, Dr. James, letter written to, 378.
Burwell, W. A., letters written to, 20, 504.
Cabell, Governor, letters written to, 114, 118, 132, 138, 141,
143, 147, 150, 156, 158, 166, 170, 191, 194, 201, 205, 208,
258, 385.
Campbell, John W., letter written to, 465.
Campbell, Judge David, letter written to, 499.
Capede, M
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THE HUNT BALL MYSTERY
BY SIR WILLIAM MAGNAY, Bt.
Author of "A Prince of Lovers," "The Mystery of the Unicorn," etc., etc.
1918
Contents
Chap
I THE INTRUDER
II THE STAINED FLOWERS
III THE STREAK ON THE CUFF
IV THE MISSING GUEST
V THE LOCKED ROOM
VI THE MYSTERY OF CLEMENT HENSHAW
VII THE INCREDULITY OF GERVASE HENSHAW
VIII KELSON'S PERPLEXITY
IX THE CLOAK OF NIGHT
X AN ALARMING DISCOVERY
XI GIFFORD'S COMMISSION
XII HAD HENSHAW A CLUE?
XIII WHAT GIFFORD SAW IN THE WOOD
XIV GIFFORD'S PERPLEXITY
XV ANOTHER DISCOVERY
XVI AN EXPLANATION
XVII WHAT A GIRL SAW
XVIII THE LOST BROOCH
XIX IN THE CHURCHYARD
XX AN INVOLUNTARY EAVESDROPPER
XXI GIFFORD CONTINUES HIS STORY
XXII HOW GIFFORD ESCAPED
XXIII EDITH MORRISTON'S STORY
XXIV HOW THE STORY ENDED
XXV DEFIANCE
XXVI ISSUE JOINED
XXVII GIFFORD'S REWARD
CHAPTER I
THE INTRUDER
"I'm afraid it must have gone on in the van, sir."
"Gone on!" Hugh Gifford exclaimed angrily. "But you had no business to
send the train on till all the luggage was put out."
"The guard told me that all the luggage for Branchester was out," the
porter protested deprecatingly. "You see, sir, the train was nearly
twenty minutes late, and in his hurry to get off he must have overlooked
your suit-case."
"The very thing I wanted most," the owner returned. "I say, Kelson," he
went on, addressing a tall, soldierly man who strolled up, "a nice thing
has happened; the train has gone off with my evening clothes."
Kelson whistled. "Are you sure?"
"Quite." Gifford appealed to the porter, who regretfully confirmed the
statement.
"That's awkward to-night," Kelson commented with a short laugh of
annoyance. "Look here, we'd better interview the station-master, and have
your case wired for to the next stop. I am sorry, old fellow, I kept you
talking instead of letting you look after your rattle-traps, but I was so
glad to see you again after all this long time."
"Thanks, my dear Harry, you've nothing to blame yourself about. It was my
own fault being so casual. The nuisance is that if I don't get the
suit-case back in time I shan't be able to go with you to-night."
"No," his friend responded; "that would be a blow. And it's going to
be a ripping dance. Dick Morriston, who hunts the hounds, is doing the
thing top-hole. Now let's see what the worthy and obliging Prior can
do for us."
The station-master was prepared to do everything in his power, but
that did not extend to altering the times of the trains or shortening
the mileage they had to travel. He wired for the suit-case to be put
out at Medford, the next stop, some forty miles on, and sent back by
the next up-train. "But that," he explained, "is a slow one and is
not due here till 9.47. However, I'll send it on directly it arrives,
and you should get it by ten o'clock or a few minutes after. You are
staying at the _Lion_?"
"Yes."
"Not more than ten or twelve minutes' drive. I'll do my best and there
shall be no delay."
The two men thanked him and walked out to the station yard, where a
porter waited with the rest of Gifford's luggage.
"There is a gentleman here going to the _Lion_" he said with a rather
embarrassed air; "I told him your fly was engaged, sir; but he said
perhaps you would let him share it with you."
Kelson looked black. "I like the way some people have of taking things
for granted. Cheek, I call it. He had better wait or walk."
"The gentleman said he was in a hurry, sir," the porter observed
apologetically.
"No reason why he should squash us up in the fly," Kelson returned. "I'll
have a word with the gentleman. Where is he?"
"I think he is in the fly, sir."
"The devil he is! We'll have him out, Hugh. Infernally cool." And he
strode off towards the waiting
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ORGANIZATION
ORGANIZATION
HOW ARMIES ARE FORMED FOR WAR
BY
COLONEL HUBERT FOSTER
ROYAL ENGINEERS
LONDON
HUGH REES,
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THE HERITAGE OF DRESS
[Illustration: VERY EARLY MAN IN JAVA. (_Chapter II._)
_PLATE I._]
THE HERITAGE
OF DRESS
BEING NOTES ON THE HISTORY
AND EVOLUTION OF CLOTHES
BY
WILFRED MARK WEBB
FELLOW OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON
CURATOR OF ETON COLLEGE MUSEUM
WITH ELEVEN PLATES
AND ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTY-NINE FIGURES IN THE TEXT
LONDON
E. GRANT RICHARDS
1907
TO MY WIFE
HILDA E. WEBB
PREFACE
It would be difficult to find a subject of more universal interest than
that of dress, and hosts of books have been written which deal with the
attire that has been adopted at different times and by various nations
or social classes. The ornamental and artistic sides of the question
have also received much consideration, but the volumes that have
appeared serve chiefly as works of reference. The present book aims at
being of more immediate interest and usefulness; it starts with things
as they are, and is really a popular contribution to the natural history
of man.
On all sides the advantages of observation and the need for the
nature-study method in education are being rightly urged, but there is
a tendency to narrow the purview. Anything in our environment is worthy
of notice, and though attention is well directed towards that which is
least artificial, we should not leave man and his works altogether on
one side. There is material for observation, research, and deduction,
even in a bowler hat and a cut-away coat.
One of the pleasantest features in connection with the making of this
book has been the kind and ready help which I have received from all
sides. Here and there throughout the text the names of friends and
correspondents who have given their assistance have been mentioned. To
these I offer my hearty thanks, as well as to the following, who with
suggestions, information, or with material for illustrations, have
contributed in no small way to the interest of the book: Messrs. Fownes
Brothers & Company, Mr. Allan A. Hooke, Mr. W. S. Ward, Mr. Karl, of
Messrs. Nathan & Company, Messrs. Tress & Company, Messrs. Lincoln &
Bennett, Mr. M. D. Hill, the Rev. A. W. Upcott, Head Master of Christ's
Hospital, Miss Clark, Miss Hodgson, the Rev. R. Ashington Bullen, Mr.
Henry Miller, of the Church Association, Mr. Ravenscroft, of Messrs. Ede
Sons & Ravenscroft, Mr. Paley Baildon, Mr. George Hertslet, of the Lord
Chamberlain's Office, Messrs. Wilkinson & Company, Mr. C. M. Muehlberg,
Mr. W. S. Parker, of Messrs. Debenhams, Ltd., Capt. H. Trench, Major
J. W. Mallet, of the _Army and Navy Gazette_, Mr. Basil White, of
Messrs. Hawkes & Company, Mr. W. H. Jesson, Messrs. Souter & Company,
Mr. William Lawrence, Mr. Heather Bigg, Dr. J. Cantlie, and the Rt. Hon.
Viscountess Harberton.
A glance at the bibliography, which is given on pages 363-7, will show
the principal books and papers to which reference has been made.
In connection with the illustrations, special thanks must be given to
Monsieur Maurice Sand, the Editor of the _Review of the University of
Brussels_, for his kind permission to reproduce a number of the figures
used to illustrate a translation of Sir George Darwin's article. These
are Figures 14, 17, 18, 19, 21, 22, 23, 26, 27, 30, 31, 33, 46, 48, 62,
63, and 82. Acknowledgments are due to Mr. St. John Hope for Figures
86-8, to Messrs. A. & C. Black for Figures 123 and 124 and 132 and 133,
and to Messrs. Prewett & Co. for Figures 111 and 112.
For the original of Plate II, I am indebted to the kindness of Captain
R. Ford, of Plate III to Mr. Henry Stevens; Plate IV has been taken from
a brass rubbing in Rugby School Museum, through the kind offices of Mr.
J. M. Hardwich. I have to thank Mr. R. Bamber for the original of Plate
VIII, which was obtained through his instrumentality. Figure B of Plate
IX was kindly contributed by the Rev. A. W. Upcott, Head Master of
Christ's Hospital, and Figures B and C on Plate X were copied from
Moseley's "Voyage of the 'Challenger
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[Illustration: FRANK READE WEEKLY MAGAZINE Containing Stories of
Adventures on Land, Sea & in the Air]
_Issued Weekly—By Subscription $2.50 per year. Application
made for Second-Class Entry at N. Y. Post-Office._
No. 16. NEW YORK, FEBRUARY 13, 1903. Price 5 Cents.
[Illustration: FRANK READE, JR., AND HIS ENGINE OF THE CLOUDS; OR,
CHASED AROUND THE WORLD IN THE SKY. _By “NONAME.”_]
“Climb up that ladder to the
airship!” exclaimed the detective.
“Very well,” said Murdock, and up he
went. Frank and Reynard followed
him, and the ship sped on. Pomp
received the prisoner. “Wha’ yo’
gwine ter do wif him?” he asked
Frank.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
FRANK READE
WEEKLY MAGAZINE.
CONTAINING STORIES OF ADVENTURES ON LAND, SEA AND IN THE AIR.
_Issued Weekly—By Subscription $2.50 per year. Application made for
Second Class entry at the New York, N. Y. Post Office._ _Entered
according to Act of Congress in the year 1903, in the office of the
Librarian of Congress._ _Washington. D. C., by Frank Tousey. 24 Union
Square, New York._
No. 16. NEW YORK, FEBRUARY 13, 1903. Price 5 Cents.
Frank Reade, Jr., and His Engine of the Clouds;
OR,
Chased Around the World in the Sky.
By “NONAME.”
CONTENTS
CHAPTER I. SHOT FOR MONEY.
CHAPTER II. THE ENGINE OF THE CLOUDS.
CHAPTER III. A STOWAWAY.
CHAPTER IV. A LIGHT FROM THE SKY.
CHAPTER V. FOUND AND LOST.
CHAPTER VI. FOILED AGAIN.
CHAPTER VII. SAVED FROM DEATH.
CHAPTER VIII. BAFFLED AGAIN AND AGAIN.
CHAPTER IX. THE OASIS IN THE DESERT.
CHAPTER X. BUYING A SHIP’S CREW.
CHAPTER XI. IN A TIGER’S JAWS.
CHAPTER XII. LOSS OF A WHEEL.
CHAPTER XIII. A BOMBSHELL.
CHAPTER XIV. CONCLUSION.
CHAPTER I.
SHOT FOR MONEY.
It was a bitterly cold night in March.
The bleak, gloomy streets of Chicago were almost deserted.
A poor little boy in rags was slinking along an aristocratic avenue,
shivering with the cold and looking very wretched.
His pallid, emaciated face showed poverty and privation, an air of utter
misery surrounded him, and he had a mournful look in his sunken eyes.
Nobody noticed poor Joe Crosby but the police.
He was then only one of the many waifs of the great city.
Tom Reynard, the detective, had seen him stealing along like a thief,
and the zealous officer became so suspicious of the boy’s actions that
he began to follow him.
Perhaps he was justified in doing this, for the hoodlums of Chicago were
a pretty bad set of rowdies, as a rule.
The detective was a middle aged, sharp, shrewd fellow, of medium size,
clad in a black suit and derby hat, his bony face clean shaven, his keen
blue eyes snapping with fire, and his reputation for ability the very
finest.
He kept the skulking boy well in view and was a little bit startled to
see him mount the stoop of a very handsome brown stone house, through
the parlor windows of which, partly open at the top, there gleamed a
dull light.
Instead of the poor little wretch making an attempt to break into the
house as the detective expected, he boldly rang the bell.
A servant answered the summons, and, seeing the boy, she cried:
“What! Joe Crosby—you back home again?”
“Yes, Nora,” the boy replied, in firm tones, “and I am going to stay,
too. My stepfather, Martin Murdock, is a wicked man. He lured me to a
wretched tenement in West Randolph street, where an Italian villain has
been keeping me a prisoner. But after a month of captivity I escaped
from there to-night, and now I have come back to make Martin Murdock
tell me why he did this?”
“Oh, the rascal!” indignantly cried the girl. “He told us that he sent
you off to boarding-school. Come in
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THE WONDERFUL STORY OF LINCOLN
"I see him, as he stands,
With gifts of mercy in his outstretched hands;
A kindly light within his gentle eyes,
Sad as the toil in which his heart grew wise;
His lips half parted with the constant smile
That kindled truth but foiled the deepest guile;
His head bent forward, and his willing ear
Divinely patient right and wrong to hear:
Great in his goodness, humble in his state,
Firm in his purpose, yet not passionate,
He led his people with a tender hand,
And won by love a sway beyond command."
GEORGE H. BOKER.
_Inspiration Series of Patriotic Americans_
THE WONDERFUL STORY OF LINCOLN
AND THE MEANING OF HIS LIFE FOR THE YOUTH AND PATRIOTISM OF
AMERICA
BY C. M. STEVENS
_Author of "The Wonderful Story of Washington"_
NEW YORK
CUPPLES & LEON COMPANY
Copyright, 1917, by
CUPPLES & LEON COMPANY
Printed in U. S. A.
CONTENTS
CHAPTER
I. INTRODUCTORY CONSIDERATIONS
A Personal Life and Its Interest to Americans.
The Process of Life from Within.
A Life Built as One Would Have the Nation.
II. THE PROBLEM OF A WORTH-WHILE LIFE
The Lincoln Boy of the Kentucky Woods.
Home-Seekers in the Wild West.
A Wonderful Family in the Desolate Wilderness.
Way-Marks of Right Life.
III. THE LINCOLN BOY
How the Lincoln Boy Made the Lincoln Man.
Some Signs Along the Early Way.
Illustrations Showing the Making of a Man.
Lincoln's First Dollar.
The Characteristics of a Superior Mind.
IV. THE WILDERNESS AS THE GARDEN OF POLITICAL LIBERTY
Small Beginnings in Public Esteem.
Tests of Character on the Lawless Frontier.
The Pioneer Missionary of Humanity.
Experiences in the Indian War.
Life-Making Decisions.
V. BUSINESS NOT HARMONIOUS WITH THE STRUGGLE FOR LEARNING
Making a Living and Learning the Meaning of Life.
Out of the Wilderness Paths into the Great Highway.
Lincoln's First Law Case.
The Man Who Could Not Live for Self Alone.
VI. HELPFULNESS AND KINDNESS OF A WORTH-WHILE CHARACTER
The Love of Freedom and Truth.
Wit-Makers and Their Wit.
Turbulent Times and Social Storms.
The Frontier "Fire-Eater."
Honor to Whom Honor Is Due.
VII. SIMPLICITY AND SYMPATHY ESSENTIAL TO GENUINE CHARACTER
Nearing the Heights of a Public Career.
Some Characteristics of Momentous Times.
The Beginnings of Great Tragedy.
The Life Struggle of a Man Translated Into the Life Struggle
of a Nation.
Some Human Interests Making Lighter the Burdens of
the Troubled Way.
VIII. THE MAN AND THE CONFIDENCE OF THE PEOPLE
Typical Incidents From Among Momentous Scenes.
Experiences Demanding Mercy and Not Sacrifice.
Humanity and the Great School of Experience.
Simple Interests That Never Grow Old.
Some Incidents From the Great Years.
IX. FALSEHOOD AIDS NO ONE'S TRUTH
Freedom to Misrepresent Is Not Freedom.
Homely Ways To Express Truth.
X. THE FRIEND OF HUMANITY
The Great Tragedy.
The Time When "Those Who Came To Scoff Remained
To Pray."
Some Typical Examples Giving Views of Lincoln's Life.
Remembrance At the End of a Hundred Years.
XI. CONCLUDING REFLECTIONS
A Masterpiece of Meaning for America.
The Harmonizing Contrast of Men.
The Mission of America.
LINCOLN AND AMERICAN FREEDOM
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTORY CONSIDERATIONS
I. A PERSONAL LIFE AND ITS INTEREST TO AMERICANS
"America First" has probably as many varieties of meaning and use as
"Safety First." It means to every individual very much according to
what feelings it inspires in him of selfishness or patriotism. We are
inspired as we believe, and, to be an American, it is necessary to
appreciate the meaning and mission of America.
American history is composed of the struggle to get clear the meaning
of American liberty. Through many years of distress and sacrifice,
known as the Revolutionary War, the American people freed themselves
from un-American methods and masteries imposed on them from across
the sea. Out of that turmoil of minds came forth one typical leader
and American, George Washington. But we did not yet have clear the
meaning of America, and through yet more years of even worse
suffering, involving the Civil War, we freed ourselves
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Philippine Bureau of Agriculture.
Farmer's Bulletin No. 2.
CACAO CULTURE IN THE PHILIPPINES
By
WILLIAM S. LYON,
In charge of seed and plant introduction.
Prepared under the direction of the Chief of the Bureau.
Manila:
Bureau of Public Printing.
1902.
CONTENTS.
Page.
Letter of transmittal 4
Introduction 5
Climate 6
The plantation site 7
The soil 7
Preparation of the soil 8
Drainage 8
Forming the plantation 9
Selection of varieties 10
Planting 11
Cultivation 13
Pruning 13
Harvest 16
Enemies and diseases 18
Manuring 19
Supplemental notes 21
New varieties 21
Residence 21
Cost of a cacao plantation 22
LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL.
Sir: I submit herewith an essay on the cultivation of cacao, for the
use of planters in the Philippines. This essay is prompted first,
because much of the cacao grown here is of such excellent quality as
to induce keen rivalry among buyers to procure it at an advance of
quite 50 per cent over the common export grades of the Java bean,
notwithstanding the failure on the part of the local grower to
"process" or cure the product in any way; second, because in parts
of Mindanao and <DW64>s, despite ill treatment or no treatment, the
plant exhibits a luxuriance of growth and wealth of productiveness
that demonstrates its entire fitness for those regions and leads us
to believe in the successful extension of its propagation throughout
these Islands; and lastly because of the repeated calls upon the Chief
of the Agricultural Bureau for literature or information bearing upon
this important horticultural industry.
The importance of cacao-growing in the Philippines can hardly be
overestimated. Recent statistics place the world's demand for cacao
(exclusive of local consumption) at 200,000,000 pounds, valued at
more than $30,000,000 gold.
There is little danger of overproduction and consequent low prices
for very many years to come. So far as known, the areas where cacao
prospers in the great equatorial zone are small, and the opening and
development of suitable regions has altogether failed to keep pace
with the demand.
The bibliography of cacao is rather limited, and some of the best
publications, [2] being in French, are unavailable to many. The leading
English treatise, by Professor Hart, [3] admirable in many respects,
deals mainly with conditions in Trinidad, West Indies, and is fatally
defective, if not misleading, on the all-important question of pruning.
The life history of the cacao, its botany, chemistry, and statistics
are replete with interest, and will, perhaps, be treated in a future
paper.
Respectfully,
Wm. S. Lyon,
In Charge of Seed and Plant Introduction.
Hon. F. Lamson-Scribner,
Chief of the Insular Bureau of Agriculture.
CACAO CULTURE IN THE PHILIPPINES.
INTRODUCTION.
Cacao in cultivation exists nearly everywhere in the Archipelago. I
have observed it in several provinces of Luzon, in Mindanao, Jolo,
Basilan, Panay, and <DW64>s, and have well-verified assurances of its
presence in Cebu, Bohol, and Masbate, and it is altogether reasonable
to predicate its existence upon all the larger islands anywhere under
an elevation of 1,000 or possibly 1,200 meters. Nevertheless, in many
localities the condition of the plants is such as not to justify the
general extension of cacao cultivation into all regions. The presence
of cacao in a given locality is an interesting fact, furnishing a
useful guide for investigation and agricultural experimentation, but,
as the purpose of this paper is to deal with cacao growing from a
commercial standpoint, it is well to state that wherever reference is
made to the growth, requirements, habits, or cultural treatment of the
plant the commercial aspect is alone considered. As an illustration,
attention is called to the statement made elsewhere, that "cacao exacts
a minimum temperature of 18 deg."; although, as is
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MADONNA MARY.
A Novel.
BY
MRS. OLIPHANT,
AUTHOR OF
"LAST OF THE MORTIMERS," "IN THE DAYS OF MY
LIFE," "SQUIRE ARDEN," "OMBRA," "MAY,"
ETC., ETC.
_NEW EDITION._
LONDON:
CHAPMAN AND HALL, 193, PICCADILLY.
1875.
[_All rights reserved._]
LONDON:
SWIFT AND CO., NEWTON STREET, HIGH HOLBORN, W.C.
MADONNA MARY.
CHAPTER I.
Major Ochterlony had been very fidgety after the coming in of the mail.
He was very often so, as all his friends were aware, and nobody so much
as Mary, his wife, who was herself, on ordinary occasions, of an
admirable composure. But the arrival of the mail, which is so welcome an
event at an Indian station, and which generally affected the Major very
mildly, had produced a singular impression upon him on this special
occasion. He was not a man who possessed a large correspondence in his
own person; he had reached middle life, and had nobody particular
belonging to him, except his wife and his little children, who were as
yet too young to have been sent "home;" and consequently there was
nobody to receive letters from, except a few married brothers and
sisters, who don't count, as everybody knows. That kind of formally
affectionate correspondence is not generally exciting, and even Major
Ochterlony supported it with composure. But as for the mail which
arrived on the 15th of April, 1838, its effect was different. He went
out and in so often, that Mary got very little good of her letters,
which were from her young sister and her old aunt, and were naturally
overflowing with all kinds of pleasant gossip and domestic information.
The present writer has so imperfect an idea of what an Indian bungalow
is like, that it would be impossible for her to convey a clear idea to
the reader, who probably knows much better about it. But yet it was in
an Indian bungalow that Mrs. Ochterlony was seated--in the dim hot
atmosphere, out of which the sun was carefully excluded, but in which,
nevertheless, the inmates simmered softly with the patience of people
who cannot help it, and who are used to their martyrdom. She sat still,
and did her best to make out the pleasant babble in the letters, which
seemed to take sound to itself as she read, and to break into a sweet
confusion of kind voices, and rustling leaves, and running water, such
as, she knew, had filled the little rustic drawing-room in which the
letters were written. The sister was very young, and the aunt was old,
and all the experience of the world possessed by the two together, might
have gone into Mary's thimble, which she kept playing with upon her
finger as she read. But though she knew twenty times better than they
did, the soft old lady's gentle counsel, and the audacious girl's advice
and censure, were sweet to Mary, who smiled many a time at their
simplicity, and yet took the good of it in a way that was peculiar to
her. She read, and she smiled in her reading, and felt the fresh English
air blow about her, and the leaves rustling--if it had not been for the
Major, who went and came like a ghost, and let everything fall that he
touched, and hunted every innocent beetle or lizard that had come in to
see how things were going on; for he was one of those men who have a
great, almost womanish objection to reptiles and insects, which is a
sentiment much misplaced in India. He fidgeted so much, indeed, as to
disturb even his wife's accustomed nerves at last.
"Is there anything wrong--has anything happened?" she asked, folding up
her letter, and laying it down in her open work-basket. Her anxiety was
not profound, for she was accustomed to the Major's "ways," but still
she saw it was necessary for his comfort to utter what was on his mind.
"When you have read your letters I want to speak to you," he said. "What
do your people mean by sending you such heaps of letters? I thought you
would never be done. Well, Mary, this is what it is--there's nothing
wrong with the children, or anybody belonging to us, thank God; but it's
very nearly as bad, and, I am at my wit's end. Old Sommerville's dead."
"Old Sommerville!" said Mrs. Ochterlony. This time she was utterly
perplexed and at a loss. She could read easily enough the anxiety which
filled her husband's handsome, restless face; but, then, so small a
matter put _him_ out of his ordinary! And she could not for her life
remember who old Sommerville was.
"I daresay _you_ don't recollect him," said the Major, in an aggrieved
tone. "It is very odd how everything has gone wrong with us since that
false start. It is an awful shame, when a set of old fogies put young
people in such a position--all for nothing, too," Major Ochterlony
added: "for after we were actually married, everybody came round. It is
an awful shame!"
"If I was a suspicious woman," said Mary, with a smile, "I should think
it was our marriage that you called a false start and an awful shame."
"And so it is, my love: so it is," said the innocent soldier, his face
growing more and more cloudy. As for his wife being a suspicious woman,
or the possible existence of any delicacy on her part about his words,
the Major knew better than that. The truth was that he might have given
utterance to sentiments of the most atrocious description on that point,
sentiments which would have broken the heart and blighted the existence,
so to speak, of any sensitive young woman, without producing the
slightest effect upon Mary, or upon himself, to whom Mary was so utterly
and absolutely necessary, that the
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Transcriber's Note: Minor typographical errors have been corrected
without note. Irregularities and inconsistencies in the text have
been retained as printed.
Words printed in italics are marked with underlines: _italics_.
[Illustration: LYDFORD GORGE
(_Page 24_)]
DARTMOOR
Described by Arthur L. Salmon
Pictured by E. W. Haslehust
BLACKIE AND SON LIMITED
LONDON GLASGOW AND BOMBAY
_Blackie & Son's "Beautiful" Series_
Beautiful England
Bath and Wells
Bournemouth and Christchurch
Cambridge
Canterbury
Chester and the Dee
The Cornish Riviera
Dartmoor
Dickens-Land
The Dukeries
The English Lakes
Exeter
Folkestone and Dover
Hampton Court
Hastings and Neighbourhood
Hereford and the Wye
The Isle of Wight
The New Forest
Norwich and the Broads
Oxford
The Peak District
Ripon and Harrogate
Scarborough
Shakespeare-Land
Swanage and Neighbourhood
The Thames
Warwick and Leamington
The Heart of Wessex
Winchester
Windsor Castle
York
Beautiful Scotland
Edinburgh
The Shores of Fife
Loch Lomond, Loch Katrine, and the Trossachs
The Scott Country
Beautiful Ireland
Connaught
Leinster
Munster
Ulster
Beautiful Switzerland
Chamonix
Lausanne and its Environs
Lucerne
Villars and Champery
_Printed and bound in Great Britain_
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
Facing Page
Lydford Gorge _Frontispiece_
Wistman's Wood 8
Two Bridges 16
Ockery Bridge, near Princetown 20
Clapper Bridge, Postbridge 24
Brent Tor 29
Tavy Cleave 33
Widecombe on the Moor 40
Dartmeet 48
A Moorland Track, the Devil's Bridge 53
Stone Avenue, near Merrivale 56
A Dartmoor Stream 60
[Illustration: DARTMOOR]
Dartmoor is a fine-sounding name, and no one would wish to displace
it; yet in one sense it is a misleading and inappropriate designation
of the great central Devonshire moorland. The moorland is not
distinctively the moor of the Dart, any more than of the Teign, the
Tavy, or the Ockment; it is the cradle-land of rivers, and there is no
obvious reason why the Dart should have assumed such supremacy. But
there is historic fitness about the title. It is probable that the
Saxons first became acquainted with Dartmoor from the fertile district
known as the South Hams, watered by the beautiful reaches of the Dart
from Totnes to its mouth. The wide intermediate waste that lay between
the North and the South Hams was a region of mystery to them, and they
associated it with this swift, sparkling stream that issued from its
cleaves and bogs.
Whatever its actual population may have been, imagination would people
it with spirits and demons; while it needed no imagination to supply
the storms, the blinding fogs and rains, the baying wolves that
haunted its recesses. They were content to retain its old Celtic name
for the river, and they applied this name to the moor as well; it
became the moor of the Dart. The name Dart, supposed to be akin to
Darent and Derwent, is almost certainly a derivative from the Celtic
_dwr_, water. The moorland itself is a mass of granite upheaved in
pre-glacial days, weathered by countless centuries into undulating
surfaces, pierced by jagged tors, and interspersed with large patches
of bog and peat-mire. This is the biggest granitic area in England,
the granite extending for about 225 square miles; though that which is
known as Dartmoor Forest (never a forest in our accepted meaning of
the word) is considerably smaller, having been much encroached upon by
tillage and enclosure. There is a further protrusion of granite on the
Bodmin Moors, and again as far west as Scilly; while Lundy, in the
Bristol Channel, belongs almost entirely to the same formation.
Beneath the mire and peat, which are the decaying deposits of
vegetable matter, lies a stratum of china-clay, which is worked
productively to the south of the moors, and still more largely in
Cornwall. The average height of the moorland is about 1500 feet,
rising in places to a little over 2000. This elevation is exceeded in
Wales, in the Lake District, and in Scotland; and nowhere does
Dartmoor appear actually mountainous, one reason being that the
plateau from which we view its chief eminences is always well over
1000 feet above sea level, and thus a great portion of the height is
not realized. But we realize it to some extent when we notice the
speed of the moorland rivers; they do not linger and dally like
Midland streams, they run and dash and make a perpetual music of their
motion. In winter they are strong enough to make playthings of the
rough lichened boulders that confront their course; and in the hottest
summers they never run dry--the mother-breast of Dartmoor has always
ample nourishment. Though there is a lessening in the body of the
rivers, and perhaps a surface-drought of the bogs, the moors are never
really parched; drovers from the Eastern counties sometimes bring
their flocks hither in a summer of great heat, to feed on Dartmoor
turfs when their own home-pastures would be arid. Yet the central moor
is more like a desolate waste than a pasture. Its rugged turfy surface
is scattered with small and large fragments of granite, sometimes
"clitters" of weather-worn boulders, sometimes masses that look as
though prehistoric giants had been playing at bowls. Often strange and
fantastic in shape, as twilight steals on, or the weird gloom of
moorland fog, they seem to become animated; they are pixies, brownies,
the ghosts of old vanished peoples; wherever we gaze they start before
us; prying figures seem to be hiding behind them, ill-wishing us, or
eager to lure us into desolate solitudes. The wind sighs with solitary
tone through the rough grasses and tussocks; at this height its
evening breath is chill even in summer. Some of the stones are
shattered monuments of dead men; some perhaps had a religious
significance that the world has forgotten. The loneliness of the moor
is often a charm, but it can become oppressive and terrible if our
mood is not buoyant. In places like these the strongest mind might
yield to superstition. We seem to be in a region of the primal world,
where ploughshare has never passed nor kindly grain sprung forth for
the nourishment of man.
[Illustration: WISTMAN'S WOOD
(_Page 13_)]
But we do not come to Dartmoor for traces of the earliest man in
England; for these we must go to Kent's Cavern, Torquay, or to
Brixham, not to the moors. Tokens of habitation on Dartmoor only begin
with Neolithic times, and are by no means continuous. At one time
there must have been a thick population; but Celt and Saxon have left
little trace on the moors, and the Romans none at all. Though the
Celts may have conquered the Iberian tribes here, they probably
neither exterminated nor entirely dispossessed them. They were content
with the fringes of the wilderness, leaving the rest to the mists, the
wolves, and the lingering older race. It was man of the New Stone Age
who first peopled this upland, leaving remains of his hut-dwellings,
his pounds, dolmens, and menhirs, his kistvaens and his cooking-holes.
Numerous as the remains are still, they were once far more so; they
have been broken up or carted away for road-mending, for gateposts and
threshold stones, for building, for "new-take" or other walls, and for
any other purpose to which granite can be applied. This central
highland may have become a refuge of the later Stone-men against
invaders of better equipment: all the traces of camps are on the
borders, defensive against an external enemy; within is no sign of
anything but peaceful pastoral occupation and tin-streaming.
Place names, of field or of farm, enable us to infer the former
existence of primitive relics: wherever there is a Shilstone (shelf
stone) or a Bradstone (broad stone) we may be sure there was once a
dolmen or cromlech; wherever there is a Langstone or Longstone we
guess at a menhir or standing-stone. These early inhabitants of the
moor had advanced far from the condition of the rude cave folk; they
built themselves low circular huts, generally clustered within pounds
(enclosures whose chief purpose here seems to have been the protection
of cattle; some of the pounds were clearly for cattle alone). At
Grimspound, near Hookner Tor, are traces of twenty-four huts, enclosed
in a double wall 1500 feet in circumference. The huts had low
doorways, and usually platforms for domestic purposes, with
hearthstones and cooking-holes. The food to be cooked was placed in
the hole, sometimes in a coarse clay pot, sometimes without, together
with red-hot stones from the hearth. Near Postbridge as many as
fifteen pounds can be traced, while at Whit Tor are other numerous
traces. Those at Grimspound evidently belong to the Bronze Age; like
different periods of architecture, the Stone and Metal Ages very much
overlapped.
At first the burial of these people was in dolmens, like the fine
specimen at Drewsteignton; later, cremation became the fashion, and
the smaller kistvaen, or stone chest, was used. The kistvaen was
covered by cairns or heaps of stones, probably placed there in tribute
to the dead: there are many relics of such on the moors, as in
Cornwall, but they have usually been scattered or mutilated, and the
contents rifled by seekers after buried treasure. The stone-circles on
the moor are, of course, entirely dwarfed by Stonehenge, but when the
problem of the greater is solved we shall know that of the lesser; at
present we can only conjecture. The Scaur Hill circle on Gidleigh
Common is a good specimen, being about ninety-two feet in diameter;
near it are several stone-rows or alignments. Dartmoor is famous for
these lines of standing-stones, which are generally connected with
places of burial; the longest, on Staldon, starting from a circle,
runs for over two miles. These, together with the single stones or
menhirs, were probably intended as memorials of persons or events, and
may also have been used as places of gathering; but their religious
significance, if any, can have been little more than a primitive
ancestor
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[Illustration: CAPTAIN COLES’S NEW IRON TURRET-SHIP-OF-WAR.]
KNOWLEDGE
FOR THE TIME:
A Manual
OF
READING, REFERENCE, AND CONVERSATION ON SUBJECTS OF LIVING
INTEREST, USEFUL CURIOSITY, AND AMUSING RESEARCH:
HISTORICO-POLITICAL INFORMATION.
PROGRESS OF CIVILIZATION.
DIGNITIES AND DISTINCTIONS.
CHANGES IN LAWS.
MEASURE AND VALUE.
PROGRESS OF SCIENCE.
LIFE AND HEALTH.
RELIGIOUS THOUGHT.
Illustrated from the best and latest Authorities.
BY JOHN TIMBS, F.S.A.
AUTHOR OF CURIOSITIES OF LONDON, THINGS NOT GENERALLY KNOWN,
ETC.
_LONDON_:
Lockwood and Co., 7 Stationers’-hall Court.
MDCCCLXIV.
TO THE READER.
The great value of contemporary History--that is, history written
by actual witnesses of the events which they narrate,--is now
beginning to be appreciated by general readers. The improved
character of the journalism of the present day is the best evidence
of this advancement, which has been a work of no ordinary labour.
Truth is not of such easy acquisition as is generally supposed;
and the chances of obtaining unprejudiced accounts of events are
rarely improved by distance from the time at which they happen.
In proportion as freedom of thought is enlarged, and liberty of
conscience, and liberty of will, are increased, will be the amount
of trustworthiness in the written records of contemporaries. It is
the rarity of these high privileges in chroniclers of past events
which has led to so many obscurities in the world’s history, and
warpings in the judgment of its writers; to trust some of whom has
been compared to reading with “ spectacles.” And, one of
the features of our times is to be ever taking stock of the amount
of truth in past history; to set readers on the tenters of doubt,
and to make them suspicious of perversions; and to encourage a
whitewashing of black reputations which sometimes strays into an
extreme equally as unserviceable to truth as that from which the
writer started.
It is, however, with the view of correcting the Past by _the light
of the Present_, and directing attention to many salient points
of Knowledge for the Time, that the present volume is offered to
the public. Its aim may be considered great in proportion to the
limited means employed; but, to extend what is, in homely phrase,
termed a right understanding, the contents of the volume are of a
mixed character, the Author having due respect for the emphatic
words of Dr. Arnold: “Preserve proportion in your reading, keep
your views of Men and Things extensive, and _depend upon it a mixed
knowledge is not a superficial one_: as far as it goes, the views
that it gives are true; but he who reads deeply in one class of
writers only, gets views which are almost sure to be perverted, and
which are not only narrow but false.”
Throughout the Work, the Author has endeavoured to avail himself of
the most reliable views of leading writers on Events of the Day;
and by seizing new points of Knowledge and sources of Information,
to present, in a classified form, such an assemblage of Facts and
Opinions as may be impressed with warmth and quickness upon the
memory, and assist in the formation of a good general judgment, or
direct still further a-field.
In this Manual of abstracts, abridgments, and
summaries--considerably over Three Hundred in number--illustrations
by way of Anecdote occur in every page. Wordiness has been avoided
as unfitted for a book which has for its object not the waste but
the economy of time and thought, and the diffusion of concise
notions upon subjects of living Interest,
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by The Internet Archive)
TRANSCRIBER'S NOTE
Italic text is denoted by _underscores_.
Bold text is denoted by =equal signs=.
Breves and macrons are accurately represented (ă ĕ ā ē etc).
Some minor changes are noted at the end of the book.
A BOOK
ABOUT
WORDS.
BY
G. F. GRAHAM,
AUTHOR OF ‘ENGLISH, OR THE ART OF COMPOSITION,’
‘ENGLISH SYNONYMES,’ ‘ENGLISH STYLE,’
‘ENGLISH GRAMMAR PRACTICE,’
ETC.
LONDON:
LONGMANS, GREEN, AND CO.
1869.
PREFACE.
The increased attention lately paid to our Language as a subject
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THE MENTOR 1917.01.15, No. 123
[Illustration: (decorative background)]
LEARN ONE THING
EVERY DAY
[Illustration]
JANUARY 15 1917
SERIAL NO. 123
THE
MENTOR
AMERICAN
MINIATURE
PAINTERS
By MRS. ELIZABETH LOUNSBERY
Author
DEPARTMENT OF
FINE ARTS
VOLUME 4
NUMBER 23
FIFTEEN CENTS A COPY
Art and Life
[Illustration: (decorative)]
We are close to realizing the greatest joys to be found in this
workaday world when we accept art as a vital part and not a thing
separate and distinct from our daily lives. Then we come to know the
true values of things--to "find tongues in trees, books in running
brooks, sermons in stones, and good in everything."
[Illustration: (decorative)]
"Art, if we so accept it," says William Morris, "will be with us
wherever we go--in the ancient city full of traditions of past time,
in the newly cleared farm in America or the colonies, where no man has
dwelt for traditions to gather round him; in the quiet countryside as
in the busy town--no place shall be without it.
[Illustration: (decorative)]
You will have it with you in your sorrow as in your joy, in your
working hours as in your leisure. It will be no respecter of persons,
but be shared by gentle and simple, learned and unlearned, and be as
a language that all can understand. It will not hinder any work that
is necessary to the life of man at the best, but it will destroy all
degrading toil, all enervating luxury, all foppish frivolity.
[Illustration: (decorative)]
It will be the deadly foe of ignorance, dishonesty, and tyranny, and
will foster good-will, fair dealing, and confidence between man and
man. It will teach you to respect the highest intellect with a manly
reverence, but not to despise any man who does not pretend to be what
he is not."
[Illustration: JOHN LAWRENCE.
BY JOHN TRUMBULL.
Actual size 3-3/4 inches high.
IN THE POSSESSION OF
THE NEW YORK HISTORICAL SOCIETY]
_AMERICAN MINIATURE PAINTERS_
_John Trumbull_
ONE
The work of John Trumbull as a historical painter has already been
considered in The Mentor (No. 45), and in that number, too, the main
facts of his life are told. John Trumbull was a patriotic American and
a leader in the artistic and public life of his day, both in England
and in America. His position was much more than that of a painter.
His attitude toward painting was not one of complete and whole souled
devotion. "I am fully sensible," he wrote at one time, "that the
profession of painting as it is generally practised is frivolous,
and unworthy a man who has talents for more serious pursuits. But to
preserve and diffuse the memory of the noblest series of actions which
have ever presented themselves in the history of man is sufficient
warrant for it." We see accordingly that John Trumbull's idea of the
work of a painter was to _write history on canvas with a brush_--and
his pictures bear out his idea.
His life governed and controlled his art. He was born in Lebanon,
Connecticut, in 1756, a son of the Colonial governor of that
State, and from early years he revealed a mental vigor that was
extraordinary. He was an infant prodigy in learning. He entered
Harvard College in the junior year at the age of fifteen, and the time
he spent there was occupied in omniverous reading and study--which
finally came near wrecking his health. When he was a student he
visited the great painter John Singleton Copley, and became impressed
with that great painter's idea of the dignity of an artist's life. He
determined to study art, and he was learning to paint when the War of
the Revolution began. This event determined the character of his art
life. His skill in drawing being noted by General Washington, he was
set to work making plans of the enemy's works. He was then promoted
to a position on the general staff, and, afterward, served as colonel
under Gates. But aggrieved at what he considered a tardy recognition
of himself by Congress, he resigned from the army, went to England and
there, meeting the distinguished artist, Benjamin West, took up under
him the study of painting. When Major Andre was executed there was a
spirit of retaliation aroused in England, and Trumbull was arrested
and imprisoned as a spy. It was only the intercession of Benjamin West
that saved his life. After seven months' imprisonment he was released,
on condition that he leave the country. He did not leave, however,
but continued his studies with West, and did not return to the United
States until 1789.
And so we see that Trumbull's life was more that of a patriot than a
painter. Art was not the controlling factor with him, but the servant.
He devoted his brush to the commemoration of great historical events,
such as the battles
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Third Edition, in One Vol. 8vo, bound in cloth, price 18s. 6d.
THE
ILLUSTRATED HORSE-DOCTOR;
BEING AN ACCURATE AND DETAILED ACCOUNT,
Accompanied by more than 400 Pictorial Representations,
CHARACTERISTIC OF
THE VARIOUS DISEASES TO WHICH THE EQUINE RACE ARE
SUBJECTED;
TOGETHER WITH THE LATEST MODE OF TREATMENT,
AND
ALL THE REQUISITE PRESCRIPTIONS
WRITTEN IN PLAIN ENGLISH
By EDWARD MAYHEW, M.R.C.V.S.
"_A Book which should be in the possession of all
who keep Horses._"
ALSO BY THE SAME AUTHOR:
Immediately will be published, in One 8vo Volume,
a companion to the above, entitled:
THE
ILLUSTRATED STABLE ECONOMY
with upwards of 400 engravings.
LONDON:
Wm. H. ALLEN & CO., 13, WATERLOO PLACE, S.W.
THE
HORSES OF THE SAHARA
AND THE
MANNERS OF THE DESERT.
THE HORSES
OF THE SAHARA,
AND THE
MANNERS OF THE DESERT.
BY
E. DAUMAS,
GENERAL OF DIVISION COMMANDING AT BORDEAUX,
SENATOR, ETC., ETC.,
WITH COMMENTARIES
BY THE EMIR ABD-EL-KADER.
TRANSLATED FROM THE FRENCH
BY JAMES HUTTON.
(THE ONLY AUTHORISED TRANSLATION)
LONDON:
WM. H. ALLEN & CO., 13, WATERLOO PLACE, S.W.
1863.
PUBLISHERS' NOTICE.
In this English version of General Daumas' justly eulogised work on the
Horses of the Sahara and the Manners of the Desert, two or three entire
chapters, besides many isolated passages, have been omitted, which
treated either of veterinary science or of matters little suited to the
taste of general readers in this country. Part the second, which was so
strangely overlooked by the critics of the last French edition, will be
found extremely interesting to all who love the chace and can appreciate
a life of adventure. The description of the sports and pastimes, the
manners and customs of the aristocracy of the African Desert, is
especially worthy of perusal; nor will the quaint remarks of the once
famous Emir Abd-el-Kader fail to command very general respect and
sympathy.
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
PART THE FIRST.
THE HORSES OF THE SAHARA.
INTRODUCTION 3
Sources of information.
_Remarks by the Emir Abd-el-Kader_ 5
Treatises on the horse.—Anecdote of Abou-Obeïda.
ON THE ORIGIN OF THE ARAB HORSE 7
Curious letter from the Emir Abd-el-Kader.—Four great
epochs.—Creation of the horse.—Change of coats.—Moral
qualities of the thoroughbred.
THE BARB 26
Oneness of the race.—Letter from Abd-el-Kader.—Letter
from M. Lesseps on the Alexandria races.—Weight carried
by African horses.
THE HORSES OF THE SAHARA 33
Traditional love of the horse.—Arab proverbs.—A
popular chaunt.
_Remarks by the Emir Abd-el-Kader_ 44
Superiority of the horses of the Sahara.
BREEDS 47
Incontestable purity of the Saharene Barb.—Endurance
of the Arab horse.—The noble horse.
_Remarks by the Emir Abd-el-Kader_ 59
Two varieties of the horse.
THE SIRE AND THE DAM 65
Treatment of the mare and foal.
_Remarks by the Emir Abd-el-Kader_ 73
Influence of the
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HISTORY OF THE DECLINE AND FALL OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE
Edward Gibbon, Esq.
With notes by the Rev. H. H. Milman
VOLUME TWO
Chapter XVI: Conduct Towards The Christians, From Nero To
Constantine.--Part I.
The Conduct Of The Roman Government Towards The Christians,
From The Reign Of Nero To That Of Constantine. [1a]
[Footnote 1a: The sixteenth chapter I cannot help considering as a
very ingenious and specious, but very disgraceful extenuation of the
cruelties perpetrated by the Roman magistrates against the Christians.
It is written in the most contemptibly factious spirit of prejudice
against the sufferers; it is unworthy of a philosopher and of humanity.
Let the narrative of Cyprian's death be examined. He had to relate
the murder of an innocent man of advanced age, and in a station deemed
venerable by a considerable body of the provincials of Africa, put to
death because he refused to sacrifice to Jupiter. Instead of pointing
the indignation of posterity against such an atrocious act of tyranny,
he dwells, with visible art, on the small circumstances of decorum and
politeness which attended this murder, and which he relates with as much
parade as if they were the most important particulars of the event.
Dr. Robertson has been the subject of much blame for his real or
supposed lenity towards the Spanish murderers and tyrants in America.
That the sixteenth chapter of Mr. G. did not excite the same or greater
disapprobation, is a proof of the unphilosophical and indeed fanatical
animosity against Christianity, which was so prevalent during the latter
part of the eighteenth century.--Mackintosh: see Life, i. p. 244, 245.]
If we seriously consider the purity of the Christian religion, the
sanctity of its moral precepts, and the innocent as well as austere
lives of the greater number of those who during the first ages embraced
the faith of the gospel, we should naturally suppose, that so benevolent
a doctrine would have been received with due reverence, even by the
unbelieving world; that the learned and the polite, however they may
deride the miracles, would have esteemed the virtues, of the new sect;
and that the magistrates, instead of persecuting, would have protected
an order of men who yielded the most passive obedience to the laws,
though they declined the active cares of war and government. If, on the
other hand, we recollect the universal toleration of Polytheism, as it
was invariably maintained by the faith of the people, the incredulity of
philosophers, and the policy of the Roman senate and emperors, we are at
a loss to discover what new offence the Christians had committed, what
new provocation could exasperate the mild indifference of antiquity,
and what new motives could urge the Roman princes, who beheld without
concern a thousand forms of religion subsisting in peace under their
gentle sway, to inflict a severe punishment on any part of their
subjects, who had chosen for themselves a singular but an inoffensive
mode of faith and worship.
The religious policy of the ancient world seems to have assumed a more
stern and intolerant character, to oppose the progress of Christianity.
About fourscore years after the death of Christ, his innocent disciples
were punished with death by the sentence of a proconsul of the most
amiable and philosophic character, and according to the laws of
an emperor distinguished by the wisdom and justice of his general
administration. The apologies which were repeatedly addressed to the
successors of Trajan are filled with the most pathetic complaints, that
the Christians, who obeyed the dictates, and solicited the liberty,
of conscience, were alone, among all the subjects of the Roman empire,
excluded from the common benefits of their auspicious government. The
deaths of a few eminent martyrs have been recorded with care; and from
the time that Christianity was invested with the supreme power, the
governors of the church have been no less diligently employed in
displaying the cruelty, than in imitating the conduct, of their Pagan
adversaries. To separate (if it be possible) a few authentic as well as
interesting facts from an undigested mass of fiction and error, and
to relate, in a clear and rational manner, the causes, the extent, the
duration, and the most important circumstances of the persecutions to
which the first Christians were exposed, is the design of the present
chapter. [1b]
[Footnote 1b: The history of the first age of Christianity is only
found in the Acts of the Apostles, and in
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THE WRITINGS IN PROSE AND VERSE OF RUDYARD KIPLING
By Rudyard Kipling
VOLUME XI.
1889-1896
CONTENTS
Followed by first lines
BARRACK-ROOM BALLADS
1889-1891
TO WOLCOTT BALESTIER
Beyond the path of the outmost sun through utter darkness hurled --
BARRACK-ROOM BALLADS
To T. A.
I have made for you a song,
DANNY DEEVER
"What are the bugles blowin' for?" said Files-on-Parade.
TOMMY
I went into a public-'ouse to get a pint o' beer,
"FUZZY-WUZZY"
We've fought with many men acrost the seas,
SOLDIER, SOLDIER
"Soldier, soldier come from the wars,
SCREW-GUNS
Smokin' my pipe on the mountings, sniffin' the mornin' cool,
CELLS
I've a head like a concertina: I've a tongue like a button-stick:
GUNGA DIN
You may talk o' gin and beer
OONTS
Wot makes the soldier's 'eart to penk, wot makes 'im to perspire?
LOOT
If you've ever stole a pheasant-egg be'ind the keeper's back,
"SNARLEYOW"
This 'appened in a battle to a batt'ry of the corps,
THE WIDOW AT WINDSOR
'Ave you 'eard o' the Widow at Windsor?
BELTS
There was a row in Silver Street that's near to Dublin Quay,
THE YOUNG BRITISH SOLDIER
When the 'arf-made recruity goes out to the East,
MANDALAY
By the old Moulmein Pagoda, lookin' eastward to the sea,
TROOPIN'
Troopin', troopin', troopin' to the sea,
THE WIDOW'S PARTY
"Where have you been this while away?"
FORD O' KABUL RIVER
Kabul town's by Kabul river,
GENTLEMEN-RANKERS
To the legion of the lost ones, to the cohort of the damned,
ROUTE MARCHIN'
We're marchin' on relief over Injia's sunny plains,
SHILLIN' A DAY
My name is O'Kelly, I've heard the Revelly,
OTHER VERSES
THE BALLAD OF EAST AND WEST
Oh, East is East, and West is West, and never the twain shall meet,
THE LAST SUTTEE
Udai Chand lay sick to death,
THE BALLAD OF THE KING'S MERCY
Abdhur Rahman, the Durani Chief, of him is the story told,
THE BALLAD OF THE KING'S JEST
When spring-time flushes the desert grass,
WITH SCINDIA TO DELHI
The wreath of banquet overnight lay withered on the neck,
THE BALLAD OF BOH DA THONE
This is the ballad of Boh Da Thone,
THE LAMENT OF THE BORDER CATTLE THIEF
O woe is me for the merry life,
THE RHYME OF THE THREE CAPTAINS
... At the close of a winter day,
THE BALLAD OF THE "CLAMPHERDOWN"
It was our war-ship _Clampherdown_,
THE BALLAD OF THE "BOLIVAR"
Seven men from all the world back to Docks again,
THE SACRIFICE OF ER-HEB
Er-Heb beyond the Hills of Ao-Safai,
THE EXPLANATION
Love and Death once ceased their strife,
THE GIFT OF THE SEA
The dead child lay in the shroud,
EVARRA AND HIS GODS
Read here: This is the story of Evarra -- man --,
THE CONUNDRUM OF THE WORKSHOPS
When the flush of a new-born sun fell first on Eden's green and gold,
THE LEGEND OF EVIL
This is the sorrowful story,
THE ENGLISH FLAG
Winds of the World, give answer! They are whimpering to and fro,
"CLEARED"
Help for a patriot distressed, a spotless spirit hurt,
AN IMPERIAL RESCRIPT
Now this is the tale of the Council the German Kaiser decreed,
TOMLINSON
Now Tomlinson gave up the ghost in his house in Berkeley Square,
L'ENVOI TO "LIFE'S HANDICAP"
My new-cut ashlar takes the light,
L'ENVOI
There's a whisper down the field where the year has shot her yield,
___
] ]
]___]___
] ]
___] ]
[In India, the
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TIOBA
AND OTHER TALES
By Arthur Colton
With a Frontispiece by A. B. Frost
New York
Henry Holt And Company
1903
[Illustration: 0002]
[Illustration: 0009]
[Illustration: 0010]
DEDICATED TO
A. G. BRINSMADE
TIOBA
FROM among the birches and pines, where we pitched our moving tent, you
looked over the flat meadow-lands; and through these went a river,
slow and almost noiseless, wandering in the valley as if there were
no necessity of arriving anywhere at appointed times. “What is the
necessity?” it said softly to any that would listen. And there was none;
so that for many days the white tent stood among the trees, overlooking
the haycocks in the meadows. It was enough business in hand to study the
philosophy and the subtle rhetoric of Still River.
Opposite rose a strangely ruined mountain-side. There was a nobly-poised
head and plenteous chest, the head three thousand feet nearer the
stars--which was little enough from their point of view, no doubt, but
to us it seemed a symbol of something higher than the stars, something
beyond them forever waiting and watching.
From its feet upward half a mile the mountain was one raw wound. The
shivered roots and tree-trunks stuck out helplessly from reddish soil,
boulders were crushed and piled in angry heaps, veins of granite ripped
open--the skin and flesh of the mountain tom off with a curse, and the
bones made a mockery. The wall of the precipice rose far above this
desolation, and, beyond, the hazy forests went up a mile or more clear
to the sky-line. The peak stood over
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THE CRISIS
By Winston Churchill
BOOK III
Volume 6.
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCING A CAPITALIST
A cordon of blue regiments surrounded the city at first from Carondelet
to North St. Louis, like an open fan. The crowds liked best to go to
Compton Heights, where the tents of the German citizen-soldiers were
spread out like so many slices of white cake on the green beside the
city's reservoir. Thence the eye stretched across the town, catching the
dome of the Court House and the spire of St. John's. Away to the west, on
the line of the Pacific railroad that led halfway across the state, was
another camp. Then another, and another, on the circle of the fan, until
the river was reached to the northward, far above the bend. Within was a
peace that passed understanding,--the peace of martial law.
Without the city, in the great state beyond, an irate governor had
gathered his forces from the east and from the west. Letters came and
went between Jefferson City and Jefferson Davis, their purport being that
the Governor was to work out his own salvation, for a while at least.
Young men of St. Louis, struck in a night by the fever of militarism,
arose and went to Glencoe. Prying sergeants and commissioned officers,
mostly of hated German extraction, thundered at the door of Colonel
Carvel's house, and other houses, there--for Glencoe was a border town.
They searched the place more than once from garret to cellar, muttered
guttural oaths, and smelled of beer and sauerkraut, The haughty
appearance of Miss Carvel did not awe them--they were blind to all manly
sensations. The Colonel's house, alas, was one of many in Glencoe written
down in red ink in a book at headquarters as a place toward which the
feet of the young men strayed. Good evidence was handed in time and time
again that the young men had come and gone, and red-faced commanding
officers cursed indignant subalterns, and implied that Beauty had had a
hand in it. Councils of war were held over the advisability of seizing
Mr. Carvel's house at Glencoe, but proof was lacking until one rainy
night in June a captain and ten men spurred up the drive and swung into a
big circle around the house. The Captain took off his cavalry gauntlet
and knocked at the door, more gently than usual. Miss Virginia was home
so Jackson said. The Captain was given an audience more formal than one
with the queen of Prussia could have been, Miss Carvel was infinitely
more haughty than her Majesty. Was not the Captain hired to do a
degrading service? Indeed, he thought so as he followed her about the
house and he felt like the lowest of criminals as he opened a closet door
or looked under a bed. He was a beast of the field, of the mire. How
Virginia shrank from him if he had occasion to pass her! Her gown would
have been defiled by his touch. And yet the Captain did not smell of
beer, nor of sauerkraut; nor did he swear in any language. He did his
duty apologetically, but he did it. He pulled a man (aged seventeen) out
from under a great hoop skirt in a little closet, and the man had a
pistol that refused its duty when snapped in the Captain's face. This was
little Spencer Catherwood, just home from a military academy.
Spencer was taken through the rain by the chagrined Captain to the
headquarters, where he caused a little embarrassment. No damning evidence
was discovered on his person, for the pistol had long since ceased to be
a firearm. And so after a stiff lecture from the Colonel he was finally
given back into the custody of his father. Despite the pickets, the young
men filtered through daily,--or rather nightly. Presently some of them
began to come back, gaunt and worn and tattered, among the grim cargoes
that were landed by the thousands and tens of thousands on the levee. And
they took them (oh, the pity of it!) they took them to Mr. Lynch's slave
pen, turned into a Union prison of detention, where their fathers and
grandfathers had been wont to send their disorderly and insubordinate
<DW65>s. They were packed away, as the miserable slaves had been, to
taste something of the bitterness of the <DW64>'s lot. So came Bert
Russell to welter in a low room whose walls gave out the stench of years.
How you cooked for them, and schemed for them, and cried for them, you
devoted women of the South! You spent the long hot summer in town, and
every day you went with your baskets to Gratiot Street
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ROUND THE RED LAMP
BEING FACTS AND FANCIES OF MEDICAL LIFE
By SIR ARTHUR CONAN DOYLE
THE PREFACE.
[Being an extract from a long and animated correspondence with a friend
in America.]
I quite recognise the force of your objection that an invalid or a
woman in weak health would get no good from stories which attempt to
treat some features of medical life with a certain amount of realism.
If you deal with this life at all, however, and if you are anxious to
make your doctors something more than mar
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generously made available by The Internet Archive/American
Libraries.)
NORSTON'S REST.
BY
MRS. ANN S. STEPHENS.
AUTHOR of "BERTHA'S ENGAGEMENT," "FASHION AND FAMINE," "MABEL'S
MISTAKE," "THE OLD COUNTESS," "RUBY GRAY'S STRATEGY," "THE
REIGNING BELLE," "LORD HOPE'S CHOICE," "MARRIED IN HASTE," "THE
SOLDIER'S ORPHANS," "WIVES AND WIDOWS; OR, THE BROKEN LIFE,"
"MARY DERWENT," "THE OLD HOMESTEAD," "A NOBLE WOMAN," "THE CURSE
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and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team
TALES AND NOVELS, VOLUME I (of X)
MORAL TALES
By Maria Edgeworth
PREFACE.
It has been somewhere said by Johnson, that merely to invent a story is
no small effort of the human understanding. How much more difficult is
it to construct stories suited to the early years of youth, and, at
the same time, conformable to the complicate relations of modern
society--fictions, that shall display examples of virtue, without
initiating the young reader into the ways of vice--narratives, written
in a style level to his capacity, without tedious detail, or vulgar
idiom! The author, sensible of these difficulties, solicits indulgence
for such errors as have escaped her vigilance.
In a former work the author has endeavoured to add something to the
increasing stock of innocent amusement and early instruction, which
the laudable exertions of some excellent modern writers provide for the
rising generation; and, in the present, an attempt is made to provide
for young people, of a more advanced age, a few Tales, that shall
neither dissipate the attention, nor inflame the imagination.
In a work upon education, which the public has been pleased to notice,
we have endeavoured to show that, under proper management, amusement and
instruction may accompany each other through many paths of literature;
whilst, at the same time, we have disclaimed and reprehended all
attempts to teach in play. Steady, untired attention is what alone
produces excellence. Sir Isaac Newton, with as much truth as modesty,
attributed to this faculty those discoveries in science, which brought
the heavens within the grasp of man, and weighed the earth in a balance.
To inure the mind to athletic vigour is one of the chief objects of
good education; and we have found, as far as our limited experience has
extended, that short and active exertions, interspersed with frequent
agreeable relaxation, form the mind to strength and endurance, better
than long-continued feeble study.
Hippocrates, in describing the robust temperament, tells us that the
_athletae_ prepare themselves for the _gymnasium_ by strong exertion,
which they continued till they felt fatigue; they then reposed till they
felt returning strength and aptitude for labour: and thus, by alternate
exercise and indulgence, their limbs acquire the firmest tone of health
and vigour. We have found, that those who have tasted with the keenest
relish the beauties of Berquin, Day, or Barbauld, pursue a demonstration
of Euclid, or a logical deduction, with as much eagerness, and with more
rational curiosity, than is usually shown by students who are nourished
with the hardest fare, and chained to unceasing labour.
"Forester" is the picture of an eccentric character--a young man who
scorns the common forms and dependencies of civilized society; and
who, full of visionary schemes of benevolence and happiness, might, by
improper management, or unlucky circumstances, have become a fanatic and
a criminal.
The scene of "The Knapsack" is laid in Sweden, to produce variety; and
to show that the rich and poor, the young and old, in all countries, are
mutually serviceable to each other; and to portray some of those virtues
which are peculiarly amiable in the character of a soldier.
"Angelina" is a female Forester. The nonsense of _sentimentality_ is
here aimed at with the shafts of ridicule, instead of being combated
by serious argument. With the romantic eccentricities of Angelina are
contrasted faults of a more common and despicable sort. Miss Burrage is
the picture of a young lady who meanly natters persons of rank; and
who, after she has smuggled herself into good company, is ashamed to
acknowledge her former friends, to whom she was bound by the strongest
ties of gratitude.
"Mademoiselle Panache" is a sketch of the necessary consequences of
imprudently trusting the happiness of a daughter to the care of those
who can teach nothing but accomplishments.
"The Prussian Vase" is a lesson against imprudence, and on exercise of
judgment, and an eulogium upon our inestimable trial by jury. This tale
is designed principally for young gentlemen who are intended for the
bar.
"The Good Governess" is a lesson to teach the art of giving lessons.
In "The Good Aunt," the advantages which a judicious early education
confers upon those who are intended for public seminaries are pointed
out. It is a common error to suppose that, let a boy be what he may,
when sent to Eton, Westminster, Harrow, or any great school, he will
be moulded into proper form by the fortuitous pressure of numbers
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[Frontispiece: "'It is most strange, madam... that you should not be
certain of the name of your husband.'" (Chapter XIII.)]
THE WAYFARERS
BY
J. C. SNAITH
Author of "Mistress Dorothy Marvin," "Fierceheart, the Soldier," "Lady
Barbarity," etc
WARD, LOCK & CO., LIMITED
LONDON, MELBOURNE AND TORONTO
1902
CONTENTS
CHAP.
I THE DEVIL TO PAY
II LADY CYNTHIA CAREW
III INTRODUCES A MERITORIOUS HEBREW
IV WE START UPON OUR PILGRIMAGE
V I VINDICATE THE NATIONAL CHARACTER.
VI CONTAINS A FEW TRITE UTTERANCES ON THE GENTLE PASSION
VII AN INSTRUCTIVE CHAPTER; IN WHICH IT IS SHOWN THAT IF A LITTLE
LEARNING IS DANGEROUS, MUCH MAY BE CALAMITOUS
VIII WE GET US TO CHURCH
IX WE GO UPON OUR WEDDING TOUR
X WE ARE BESET BY A HEAVY MISFORTUNE
XI I COME A PRISONER TO A FAMILIAR HOUSE, AND FIND STRANGE COMPANY
XII I DISCOVER A GREAT AUTHOR WHERE I LEAST EXPECT TO FIND ONE
XIII I FIND OUT CYNTHIA: CYNTHIA FINDS OUT ME
XIV AMANTIUM IRAE
XV AMORIS INTEGRATIO: WE ARE CLAPT IN THE STOCKS
XVI WE ARE SO SORELY TRIED THAT WE FAIN HAVE RECOURSE TO OUR WITS
XVII WE MAKE ACQUAINTANCE WITH A PERSON OF DISTINCTION
XVIII CONTAINS A PANEGYRIC ON THE GENTLE PASSION
XIX WE APPEAR IN A NEW CHARACTER
XX DISADVANTAGES OF A CHAISE AND A PAIR OF HORSES
XXI WE REAP THE FRUITS OF OUR AUDACITY
XXII THE LAST
THE WAYFARERS
CHAPTER I
THE DEVIL TO PAY
When I opened my eyes it was one o'clock in the day. The cards lay on
the table in a heap, and on the carpet in a greater one, the dead
bottles in their midst. The candles were burnt out; their holders were
foul with smoke and grease. As I sat up on the couch on which I had
thrown myself at nine o clock in the morning in the desperation of
fatigue, and stretched the sleep out of my limbs and rubbed it out of
my brain the afternoon strove through the drawn blinds palely. The
half-light gave such a sombre and appropriate touch to the profligate
scene that it would have moved a moralist to a disquisition of five
pages. But whatever my errors, that accusation was never urged against
me, even by my friends. You may continue in your reading, therefore,
in no immediate peril. The ashes were long since grey in the grate;
there was an intolerable reek of wine-dregs and stale tobacco in the
air; and the condition of the furniture, stained and broken and tumbled
in all directions contributed the final disorder to the room. Indeed
the only article in it, allowing no exception to myself, that had
emerged from the orgy of the night without an impediment to its dignity
was the picture of my grandfather, that pious, learned nobleman,
hanging above the mantelpiece. A chip off a corner of his frame might
be urged even against him; but what was that in comparison with the
philosophical severity with which he gazed upon the scene? In the
grave eyes, the grim mouth, the great nose of his family, he retained
the contemplative grandeur which had enabled him to give to the world
in ten ponderous tomes a Commentary on the _Analects of Confucius_.
The space they had occupied on my book-shelf, between the _Newgate
Calendar_ and the _History of Jonathan Wild the Great_, was now
unfilled, since these memorials of the great mind of my ancestor had
lain three weeks with the Jews.
By the time my wits had returned I was able to recall the fact that the
previous night, whose evidences I now regarded, was the last I should
enjoy. It was the extravagant ending to a raffish comedy. Finis was
already written in my history. As I sat yawning on my couch I was a
thing of the past; I had ceased to be; to-morrow at this hour I should
be forgotten by the world. I had had my chin off the bridle for ten
years, and had used that period to whirl my heels without regard to the
consequences. I had played high, drunk deep, paid my court to Venus,
gained the not
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IN THE
LAND OF TEMPLES
BY JOSEPH PENNELL
[Illustration: colophon]
LONDON: WILLIAM HEINEMANN
JOSEPH PENNELL'S PICTURES IN THE LAND OF TEMPLES
JOSEPH PENNELL'S
PICTURES OF
THE PANAMA CANAL.
_FIFTH EDITION._
Reproductions of a series of Lithographs made
by him on the Isthmus of Panama, together
with Impressions and Notes by the Artist.
Price 5s. net.
THE LIFE OF JAMES
MCNEILL WHISTLER
By E. R. and J. PENNELL.
Fifth and Revised Edition, with 96 pp.
of Illustrations. Pott 4to.
Price 12s. 6d. net.
LONDON:
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Proofreading Team.
LIFE AT HIGH TIDE
Harper's Novelettes
Edited By
William Dean Howells and Henry Mills Alden
CONTENTS:
THE IMMEDIATE JEWEL........ MARGARET DELAND
"AND ANGELS CAME........... ANNE O'HAGAN
KEEPERS OF A CHARGE........ GRACE ELLERY CHANNING
A WORKING BASIS............ ABBY MEGUIRE ROACH
THE GLASS DOOR............. MARY TRACY EARLE
ELIZABETH AND DAVIE........ MURIEL CAMPBELL DYAR
BARNEY DOON, BRAGGART...... PHILIP VERRILL MIGHELS
THE REPARATION............. EMERY POTTLE
THE YEARLY TRIBUTE......... ROSINA HUBLEY EMMET
A MATTER OF RIVALRY........ OCTAVE THANET
PREFACE
There is a tide in the affairs of men
Which, taken at the flood, leads on to fortune.
Thus the poet--and poetry, of the old order at least, always waiting
upon great events, has found in the high-tide flotations of masterful
heroes to fortune themes most flatteringly responsive to its own high
tension.
The writer of fiction has no such afflatus, no such high pitch of
life, as to outward circumstance, in his representation of it, as
the poet has; and therefore his may seem to the academic critic the
lesser art--but it is nearer to the realities of common human existence.
He deals with plain men and women, and the un-majestic moments of their
lives.
"Life at High Tide"--the title selected for this little volume of
short stories, and having a real significance for each of them, which
the reader may find out for himself--does not reflect the poet's
meaning, and, least of all, its easy optimism. In every one of these
stories is presented a critical moment in one individual
life--sometimes, as in "The Glass Door" and in "Elizabeth and Davie,"
in two lives; but it leads not to or away from fortune--it simply
discloses character; also, in situations like those so vividly
depicted in "Keepers of a Charge" and "A Yearly Tribute," the tense
strain of modern circumstance. In all these real instances there are
luminous points of idealism--of an idealism implicit but translucent.
The authors here represented have won exceptional distinction as
short-story writers, and the examples given of their work not only are
typical of the best periodical fiction of a very recent period--all
of them having been published within five years--but illustrate
the distinctive features, as unprecedented in quality as they are
diversified in character, which mark the extreme advance in this
field of literature.
H. M. A.
THE IMMEDIATE JEWEL
BY MARGARET DELAND
"_Good name, in man and woman, dear my lord,
Is_ the immediate jewel of their souls."
--_Othello_.
I
When James Graham, carpenter, enlisted, it was with the assurance that
if he lost his life his grateful country would provide for his widow.
He did lose it, and Mrs. Graham received, in exchange for a husband
and his small earnings, the sum of $12 a month. But when you own your
own very little house, with a dooryard for chickens (and such stray
dogs and cats as quarter themselves upon you), and enough grass for a
cow, and a friendly neighbor to remember your potato-barrel, why, you
can get along--somehow. In Lizzie Graham's case nobody knew just how,
because she was not one of the confidential kind. But certainly there
were days in winter when the house was chilly, and months when fresh
meat was unknown, and years when a new dress was not thought of. This
state of things is not remarkable, taken in connection with an income
of $144 a year, and a New England village where people all do their
own work, so that a woman has no chance to hire out.
All the same, Mrs. Graham was not an object of charity. Had she been
that, she would have been promptly sent to the Poor Farm. No sentimental
consideration of a grateful country would have moved Jonesville to
philanthropy; it sent its paupers to the Poor Farm with prompt common
sense.
When Jonesville's old school-teacher, Mr. Nathaniel May, came wandering
back from the great world, quite penniless, almost blind, and with a
faint mist across his pleasant mind, Jonesville saw nothing for him
but the Poor Farm.... Nathaniel had been away from home for many years;
rumors came back, occasionally, that he was going to make his fortune
by some patent, and Jonesville said that if he did it would be a good
thing for the town, for Nathaniel wasn't one to forget his friends.
"He'll give us a library," said Jonesville, grinning; "Nat was a great
un for books." However, Jonesville was still without its library, when,
one August day, the stage dropped a gentle, forlorn figure at the door
of Dyer's Hotel.
"I'm Nat May," he said; "well, it's good to get home!"
He brought with him, as the sum of his possessions, a dilapidated
leather hand-bag full of strange wheels and little reflectors, and
small, scratched lenses; the poor clothes upon his back; and
twenty-four cents in his pocket. He walked hesitatingly, with one
hand outstretched to feel his way, for he was nearly blind; but he
recognized old friends by their voices, and was full of simple joy
at meeting them.
"I have a very wonderful invention," he said, in his eager voice, his
blind eyes wide and luminous; "and very valuable. But I have not been
financially successful, so far. I shall be, of course. But in the
city no one seemed willing to wait for payment for my board, so the
authorities advised me to come home
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produced from images generously made available by The
Internet Archive.)
Shakespeare in the Theatre
[Illustration: Yours truly, Wm. Poel.
_Photo. Bassano._]
SHAKESPEARE IN THE THEATRE
BY WILLIAM POEL
FOUNDER AND DIRECTOR OF
THE ELIZABETHAN STAGE SOCIETY
LONDON AND TORONTO
SIDGWICK AND JACKSON, LTD.
1913
_All rights reserved._
NOTE
These papers are reprinted from the _National Review_, the _Westminster
Review_, the _Era_, and the _New Age_, by kind permission of the owners of
the copyrights. The articles are collected in one volume, in the hope that
they may be of use to those who are interested in the question of stage
reform, more especially where it concerns the production of Shakespeare's
plays.
W. P.
_May, 1913._
ADDENDUM
An acknowledgement of permission to reprint should also have been made to
the _Nation_, in which several of the most important of these papers
originally appeared.
W. P.
_Shakespeare in the Theatre_
CONTENTS
PAGE
I THE STAGE OF SHAKESPEARE
The Elizabethan Playhouse--The Plays and the Players 3
II THE PLAYS OF SHAKESPEARE
Some Mistakes of the Editors--Some Mistakes of the
Actors--The Character of Lady Macbeth--Shakespeare's
Jew and Marlowe's Christians--The Authors of "King
Henry the Eighth"--"Troilus and Cressida" 27
III SOME STAGE VERSIONS
"The Merchant of Venice"--"Romeo and
Juliet"--"Hamlet"--"King Lear" 119
IV THE NATIONAL THEATRE
The Repertory Theatre--The Elizabethan Stage
Society--Shakespeare at Earl's Court--The Students'
Theatre--The Memorial Scheme 193
INDEX 241
I
THE STAGE OF SHAKESPEARE
THE ELIZABETHAN PLAYHOUSE
THE PLAYS AND THE PLAYERS
SHAKESPEARE IN THE THEATRE
I
THE STAGE OF SHAKESPEARE
THE ELIZABETHAN PLAYHOUSE.[1]
The interdependence of Shakespeare's dramatic art with the form of theatre
for which Shakespeare wrote his plays is seldom emphasized. The ordinary
reader and the everyday critic have no historic knowledge of the
Elizabethan playhouse; and however full the Elizabethan dramas may be of
allusions to the contemporary stage, the bias of modern dramatic students
is so opposed to any belief in the superiority of past methods of acting
Shakespeare over modern ones, as to effectually bar any serious inquiry. A
few sceptics have recognized dimly that a conjoint study of Shakespeare
and the stage for which he wrote is possible; but they have not conducted
their researches either seriously or impartially, and their conclusions
have proved disputable and disappointing. With a very hazy perception of
the connection between Elizabethan histrionic art and its literature, they
have approached a comparison of the Elizabethan drama with the
Elizabethan stage as they would a Chinese puzzle. They have read the plays
in modern printed editions, they have seen them acted on the
picture-stage, they have heard allusions made to old tapestry, rushes, and
boards, and at once they have concluded that the dramatist found his
theatre inadequate to his needs.
Now the first, and perhaps the strongest, evidence which can be adduced to
disfavour this theory is the extreme difficulty--it might almost be said
the impossibility--of discovering a single point of likeness between the
modern idea of an Elizabethan representation of one of Shakespeare's
plays, and the actual light in which it presented itself before the eyes
of Elizabethan spectators. It is wasted labour to try to account for the
perversities of the human intellect; but displays of unblushing ignorance
have undoubtedly discouraged sober persons from pursuing an independent
line of investigation, and have led many to deny the possibility of
satisfactorily showing any intelligible connection between the Elizabethan
drama and its contemporary exponents. Nowhere has a little knowledge
proved more dangerous or more liable to misapplication, and nowhere has
sure knowledge seemed more difficult of acquisition; yet it is obvious
that investigators of the relations between the two subjects cannot
command success unless they allow their theories to be formed by facts.
To those dilettante writers who believe that a poet's greatness consists
in his power of emancipating himself from the limitations of time and
space, it must sound something like impiety to describe Shakespeare's
plays as in most cases compositions hastily written to fulfil the
requirements of the moment and adapted to the wants of his theatre and the
capabilities of his actors. But to persons of Mr. Ruskin's opinion this
modified aspect should seem neither astonishing nor distressing; for they
know that "
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HISTORY OF FRIEDRICH II OF PRUSSIA
FREDERICK THE GREAT
By Thomas Carlyle
Volume X.
BOOK X. -- AT REINSBERG. - 1736-1740.
Chapter I. -- MANSION OF REINSBERG.
On the Crown-Prince's Marriage, three years ago, when the AMT or
Government-District RUPPIN, with its incomings, was assigned to him for
revenue, we heard withal of a residence getting ready. Hint had fallen
from the Prince, that Reinsberg, an old Country-seat, standing with
its Domain round it in that little Territory of Ruppin, and probably
purchasable as was understood, might be pleasant, were it once his
and well put in repair. Which hint the kind paternal Majesty instantly
proceeded to act upon. He straightway gave orders for the purchase of
Reinsberg; concluded said purchase, on fair terms, after some months'
bargaining; [23d October, 1733, order given,--16th March, 1734, purchase
completed (Preuss, i. 75).]--and set his best Architect, one Kemeter,
to work, in concert with the Crown-Prince, to new-build and enlarge
the decayed Schloss of Reinsberg into such a Mansion as the young Royal
Highness and his Wife would like.
Kemeter has been busy, all this while; a solid, elegant, yet frugal
builder: and now the main body of the Mansion is complete, or nearly so,
the wings and adjuncts going steadily forward; Mansion so far ready that
the Royal Highnesses can take up their abode in it. Which they do, this
Autumn, 1736; and fairly commence Joint Housekeeping, in a permanent
manner. Hitherto it has been intermittent only: hitherto the
Crown-Princess has resided in their Berlin Mansion, or in her own
Country-house at Schonhausen; Husband not habitually with her, except
when on leave of absence from Ruppin, in Carnival time or for shorter
periods. At Ruppin his life has been rather that of a bachelor, or
husband abroad on business; up to this time. But now at Reinsberg they
do kindle the sacred hearth together; "6th August, 1736," the date of
that important event. They have got their Court about them, dames and
cavaliers more than we expected; they have arranged the furnitures of
their existence here on fit scale, and set up their Lares and Penates
on a thrifty footing. Majesty and Queen come out on a visit to them next
month; [4th September, 1736 (Ib.).]--raising the sacred hearth into its
first considerable blaze, and crowning the operation in a human manner.
And so there has a new epoch arisen for the Crown-Prince and his
Consort. A new, and much-improved one. It lasted into the fourth year;
rather improving all the way: and only Kingship, which, if a higher
sphere, was a far less pleasant one, put an end to it. Friedrich's
happiest time was this at Reinsberg; the little Four Years of Hope,
Composure, realizable Idealism: an actual snatch of something like the
Idyllic, appointed him in a life-pilgrimage consisting otherwise of
realisms oftenest contradictory enough, and sometimes of very grim
complexion. He is master of his work, he is adjusted to the practical
conditions set him; conditions once complied with, daily work done,
he lives to the Muses, to the spiritual improvements, to the social
enjoyments; and has, though not without flaws of ill-weather,--from
the Tobacco-Parliament perhaps rather less than formerly, and from
the Finance-quarter perhaps rather more,--a sunny time. His innocent
insipidity of a Wife, too, appears to have been happy. She had the
charm of youth, of good looks; a wholesome perfect loyalty of character
withal; and did not "take to pouting," as was once apprehended of
her, but pleasantly gave and received of what was going. This poor
Crown-Princess, afterwards Queen, has been heard, in her old age,
reverting, in a touching transient way, to the glad days she had at
Reinsberg. Complaint openly was never heard from her, in any kind of
days; but these doubtless were the best of her life.
Reinsberg, we said, is in the AMT Ruppin; naturally
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The Golden Key
OR
A HEART’S SILENT WORSHIP
_By_ MRS. GEORGIE SHELDON
AUTHOR OF
“Thrice Wedded,” “Little Miss Whirlwind,”
“The Magic Cameo,” “A Hoiden’s
Conquest,” “Mona,” etc.
[Illustration]
A. L. BURT COMPANY
PUBLISHERS NEW YORK
POPULAR BOOKS
By MRS. GEORGIE SHELDON
In Handsome Cloth Binding
Price per Volume, 60 Cents
Audrey’s Recompense
Brownie’s Triumph
Churchyard Betrothal, The
Dorothy Arnold’s Escape
Dorothy’s Jewels
Earl Wayne’s Nobility
Edrie’s Legacy
Esther, the Fright
Faithful Shirley
False and The True, The
For Love and Honor
Sequel to Geoffrey’s Victory
Forsaken Bride, The
Geoffrey’s Victory
Girl in a Thousand, A
Golden Key, The
Grazia’s Mistake
Heatherford Fortune, The
Sequel to The Magic Cameo
He Loves Me For Myself
Sequel to the Lily of Mordaunt
Helen’s Victory
Her Faith Rewarded
Sequel to Faithful Shirley
Her Heart’s Victory
Sequel to Max
Heritage of Love, A
Sequel to The Golden Key
His Heart’s Queen
Hoiden’s Conquest, A
How Will It End
Sequel to Marguerite’s Heritage
Lily of Mordaunt, The
Little Marplot, The
Little Miss Whirlwind
Lost, A Pearle
Love’s Conquest
Sequel to Helen’s Victory
Love Victorious, A
Magic Cameo, The
Marguerite’s Heritage
Masked Bridal, The
Max, A Cradle Mystery
Mona
Mysterious Wedding Ring, A
Nameless Dell
Nora
Queen Bess
Ruby’s Reward
Shadowed Happiness, A
Sequel to Wild Oats
Sibyl’s Influence
Stella Roosevelt
That Dowdy
Thorn Among Roses, A
Sequel to a Girl in a Thousand
Threads Gathered Up
Sequel to Virgie’s Inheritance
Thrice Wedded
Tina
Trixy
True Aristocrat, A
True Love Endures
Sequel to Dorothy Arnold’s Escape
True Love’s Reward
Sequel to Mona
True to Herself
Sequel to Witch Hazel
Two Keys
Virgie’s Inheritance
Wedded By Fate
Welfleet Mystery, The
Wild Oats
Winifred’s Sacrifice
Witch Hazel
With Heart so True
Sequel to His Heart’s Queen
Woman’s Faith, A
Sequel to Nameless Dell
For Sale by all Booksellers or will be sent postpaid on receipt of price
A. L. BURT COMPANY, PUBLISHERS
52 Duane Street New York
Copyright 1896, 1897, 1905
BY STREET & SMITH
THE GOLDEN KEY
THE GOLDEN KEY.
PROLOGUE.
A RESPONSIVE HEART.
“Nannie, I cannot bear it!”
“Hush, Alice; you must not give way to such wild grief--the
excitement will be very bad for you.”
“But what will Adam say? It will be a terrible blow; his heart was
so set upon the fulfilment of his hopes, and now----”
A heart-broken wail completed the sentence as the pale, beautiful
woman, resting upon the snowy pillows of an old-fashioned canopied
bed, covered her face with her delicate hands and fell to sobbing
with a wild sorrow which shook her slight frame from head to foot.
“Alice! Alice! don’t! Adam will come home to find that he has lost
both wife and child if you do not try to control yourself.”
The latter speaker, a tall, muscular woman, with a kindly but
resolute face, which bespoke a strong character as well as a
tender heart, knelt beside the bed, and laid her cheek against
the colorless one upon the pillow with motherly tenderness and
sympathy. But her appealing words only seemed to increase the
violence of the invalid’s grief, and, with a look of anxiety
sweeping over her countenance, the woman arose, after a moment,
when, pouring a few drops from a bottle into a spoon, she briefly
informed her charge that it was time for her medicine.
The younger woman meekly swallowed the potion, although her bosom
continued to heave with sobs, and tears still rained over her
hueless cheeks.
Her companion sat down near her, an expression of patient endurance
on her face, and in the course of fifteen or twenty minutes she was
rewarded by
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PRAY YOU, SIR, WHOSE DAUGHTER?
By Helen H. Gardener
R. F. Fenno & Company
9 and 11 East 16th Street
New York
1892
I saw a woman sleeping. In her sleep she dreampt Life stood before her,
and held in each hand a gift--in the one Love, in the other Freedom. And
she said to the woman, "Choose!"
And the woman waited long; and she said: "Freedom!" And Life said, "Thou
hast well chosen. If thou hadst said, 'Love,' I would have given thee
that thou didst ask for; and I would have gone from thee, and returned
to thee no more. Now, the day will come when I shall return. In that
day I shall bear both gifts in one hand." I heard the woman laugh in her
sleep.
Olive Schreener's Dreams.
DEDICATED
With the love and admiration of the Author,
To Her Husband
Who is ever at once her first, most severe, and most sympathetic critic,
whose encouragement and interest in her work never flags; whose abiding
belief in human rights, without sex limitations, and in equality of
opportunity leaves scant room in his great soul to harbor patience with
sex domination in a land which boasts of freedom for all, and embodies
its symbol of Liberty in the form of the only legally disqualified and
unrepresented class to be found upon its shores.
PREFACE.
In the following story the writer shows us what poverty and dependence
are in their revolting outward aspects, as well as in their crippling
effects on all the tender sentiments of the human soul. Whilst the many
suffer for want of the decencies of life, the few have no knowledge of
such conditions.
They require the poor to keep clean, where water by landlords is
considered a luxury; to keep their garments whole, where they have
naught but rags to stitch together, twice and thrice worn threadbare.
The improvidence of the poor as a valid excuse for ignorance, poverty,
and vice, is as inadequate as is the providence of the rich, for their
virtue, luxury, and power. The artificial conditions of society are
based on false theories of government, religion, and morals, and not
upon the decrees of a God.
In this little volume we have a picture, too, of what the world would
call a happy family, in which a naturally strong, honest woman is
shrivelled into a mere echo of her husband, and the popular sentiment of
the class to which she belongs. The daughter having been educated in a
college with young men, and tasted of the tree of knowledge, and,
like the Gods, knowing good and evil, can no longer square her life by
opinions she has outgrown; hence with her parents there is friction,
struggle, open revolt, though conscientious and respectful withal.
Three girls belonging to different classes in society; each illustrates
the false philosophy on which woman's character is based, and each in a
different way, in the supreme moment of her life, shows the necessity of
self-reliance and self-support.
As the wrongs of society can be more deeply impressed on a large class
of readers in the form of fiction than by essays, sermons, or the facts
of science, I hail with pleasure all such attempts by the young writers
of our day. The slave has had his novelist and poet, the farmer his,
the victims of ignorance and poverty theirs, but up to this time the
refinements of cruelty suffered by intelligent, educated women, have
never been painted in glowing colors, so that the living picture could
be seen and understood. It is easy to rouse attention to the grosser
forms of suffering and injustice, but the humiliations of spirit are not
so easily described and appreciated.
A class of earnest reformers have, for the last fifty years, in the
press, the pulpit, and on the platform, with essays, speeches, and
constitutional arguments before legislative assemblies, demanded the
complete emancipation of women from the political, religious, and social
bondage she now endures; but as yet few see clearly the need of larger
freedom, and the many maintain a stolid indifference to the demand.
I have long waited and watched for some woman to arise to do for her sex
what Mrs. Stowe did for the black race in "Uncle Tom's Cabin," a book
that did more to rouse the national conscience than all the glowing
appeals and constitutional arguments that agitated our people during
half a century. If, from an objective point of view, a writer could
thus eloquently portray the sorrows of a subject race, how much more
graphically should some woman describe the degradation of sex.
In Helen Gardener's stories, I see the promise, in the near future,
of such a work of fiction, that shall paint the awful facts of woman's
position in living colors that all must see and feel. The civil and
canon law, state and church alike, make the mothers of the race a
helpless, ostracised class, pariahs of a corrupt civilization. In view
of woman's multiplied wrongs, my heart oft echoes the Russian poet who
said: "God has forgotten where he hid the key to woman's emancipation."
Those who know the sad facts of woman's life, so carefully veiled
from society at large, will not consider the pictures in this story
overdrawn.
The shallow and thoughtless may know nothing of their existence, while
the helpless victims, not being able to trace the causes of their
misery, are in no position to state their wrongs themselves.
Nevertheless all the author describes in this sad story, and worse
still, is realized in everyday life, and the dark shadows dim the
sunshine in every household.
The apathy of the public to the wrongs of woman is clearly seen at this
hour, in propositions now under consideration in the Legislature of New
York. Though two infamous bills have been laid before select committees,
one to legalize prostitution, and one to lower the age of
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THE LIVES AND ADVENTURES
OF SUNDRY
NOTORIOUS PIRATES
[Illustration]
PIRATES
_With a _Foreword_ and sundry _Decorations_ by_
C. Lovat Fraser
[Illustration]
_NEW YORK:_
ROBERT M. McBRIDE AND COMPANY
1922
_First American Edition_
_Printed in the United States of America_
_Printed in Great Britain by Billing and Sons, Ltd., Guildford and
Esher._
[Illustration: CAPTAIN AVERY]
[Illustration]
CONTENTS
PAGE
Foreword vii
The Life of Captain Avery 1
Captain John Rackham, and his Crew 17
Captain Spriggs, and his Crew 29
Captain Edward Lowe, and his Crew 37
Captain George Lowther, and his Crew 51
Captain Anstis, and his Crew 65
Captain John Phillips, and his Crew 77
Captain Teach, _alias_ Blackbeard 87
Major Stede Bonnet and his Crew 101
Captain William Kid 117
Captain Edward England, and his Crew 135
Captain John Gow, _alias_ Smith, and his Crew 145
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
Captain Avery _frontispiece_
Captain John Rackham _facing page_ 19
Captain Edward Lowe " 39
Captain Teach " 89
Major Stede Bonnet " 103
Captain William Kid " 119
Captain Edward England " 137
Captain John Gow " 147
[Illustration]
FOREWORD
Time, though a good Collector, is not always a reliable Historian.
That is to say, that although nothing of interest or importance is
lost, yet an affair may be occasionally invested with a glamour that
is not wholly its own. I venture to think that Piracy has fortuned in
this particular. We are apt to base our ideas of Piracy on the
somewhat vague ambitions of our childhood; and I suppose, were such a
thing possible, the consensus of opinion in our nurseries as to a
future profession in life would place Piracy but little below the
glittering heights of the police force and engine-driving. Incapable
of forgetting this in more mature years, are we not inclined to deck
Her (the "H" capital, for I speak of an ideal), if not in purple and
fine linen, at least with a lavish display of tinsel and gilt? Nursery
lore remains with us, whether we would or not, for all our lives; and
generations of ourselves, as schoolboys and pre-schoolboys, have
tricked out Piracy in so resplendent a dress that she has fairly
ousted in our affections, not only her sister profession of "High Toby
and the Road," but every other splendid and villainous vocation. Yet
Teach, Kid, and Avery were as terrible or grim as Duval, Turpin, and
Sheppard were courtly or whimsical. And the terrible is a more vital
affair than the whimsical. Is it, then, unnatural that, after a lapse
of nigh on two centuries, we should shake our wise heads and allow
that which is still nursery within us to deplore the loss of those
days when we ran--before a favouring "Trade"--the very good chance of
being robbed, maimed, or murdered by Captain Howel Davis or Captain
Neil Gow? It is as well to remember that the "Captains" in this book
were seamen whose sole qualifications to the title were ready wit, a
clear head, and, maybe, that certain indefinable "power of the eye"
that is the birth-right of all true leaders
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Transcriber's Notes:
Italic text is denoted by _underscores_.
Small Cap text has been converted to ALL CAPS.
".." has been normalized to "."
Original spellings have been retained.
The oe ligature has been denoted simply by oe.
* * * * *
PYGMALION AND THE IMAGE
[Illustration: _William Morris_
_From the painting by G. F. Watts. R.A._]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
PYGMALION AND
THE IMAGE BY
WILLIAM MORRIS
ILLVSTRATED WITH
PICTVRES BY SIR EDWARD
BVRNE-JONES
[Illustration]
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WAR, VOL. I (OF 2)***
E-text prepared by Brian Coe, David Tipple, and the Online Distributed
Proofreading Team (http://www.pgdp.net) from page images generously made
available by Internet Archive (https://archive.org)
Note: Project Gutenberg also has an HTML version of this
file which includes the original illustrations.
See 58256-h.htm or 58256-h.zip:
(http://www.gutenberg.org/files/58256/58256-h/58256-h.htm)
or
(http://www.gutenberg.org/files/58256/58256-h.zip)
Images of the original pages are available through
Internet Archive. See
https://archive.org/details/russianarmyjapan01kuro
Transcriber’s note:
Underscores are used for italic markup; the three words that
end this sentence _are in italics_.
Equals signs are used for bold-face markup; the four words
that end this sentence =are in bold face=.
There are 91 footnotes in the source book marked by characters
such as * and †. The footnote markers have been replaced by
numbers and each footnote has been moved to the end of the
chapter that contains its marker.
THE RUSSIAN ARMY AND THE
JAPANESE WAR
[Illustration: _General Kuropatkin._]
THE RUSSIAN ARMY AND
THE JAPANESE WAR,
Being Historical and Critical Comments on
the Military Policy and Power of Russia
and on the Campaign in the Far East,
by
GENERAL KUROPATKIN.
Translated by
Captain A. B. Lindsay,
2nd King Edward’S Own Gurkha Rifles
Translator of “The Battle of Tsu-Shima”;
“The Truth about Port Arthur,” etc.
Edited by
Major E. D. Swinton, D.S.O., R.E.,
Author of “The Defence of Duffer’S Drift”;
and Editor of “The Truth about Port Arthur.”
With Maps and Illustrations
IN TWO VOLUMES: VOL. I.
New York
E. P. Dutton and Company
1909
Printed in Great Britain
TRANSLATOR’S PREFACE
“The General stands higher than any other Russian officer, not only in
Russian opinion, but in that of professional soldiers all the world
over, and if any human agency can change the deplorable situation
to Russia’s advantage, Kuropatkin may be the man to do it.”[1] This
sentence, written by the military correspondent of the _Times_ in
February, 1904, well expresses the sentiment that predominated when
General Kuropatkin’s appointment to command the Russian army in
Manchuria was announced.
“It may be that a military genius would have overcome the moral and
physical difficulties we had to encounter. Possibly; but an Alexeieff,
a Kuropatkin, a Linievitch, a Grippenberg, a Kaulbars, and a Bilderling
were unable to do so,”[2] were the words used by the General himself
two years later when reporting to his Sovereign.
Though these two quotations epitomize the _raison d’être_ and
tendency of this book, they by no means afford a complete description
of its scope. Were it nothing but an _apologia_, not even the former
reputation and position of its author would save it from the neglect
which invariably awaits the excuses of the man who has failed. But it
is no mere _apologia_. For, apart from its tone of disappointment,
apart from the dominant note of failure which is current throughout,
and the explanations and reasons repeated on almost every page, the
work is one long-continued protest. It is a protest from first to last
that the war was not—as far as Russia was concerned—fought to anything
like a finish; that it was brought to a premature conclusion; that
peace was declared at the moment when victory lay within Russia’s
grasp, when her strength was at its greatest, and that of her enemy
had begun to ebb. Whether true or otherwise, this view should not be
rejected without consideration as the natural cry of an unsuccessful
party. These pages give food for thought; they, moreover, contain much
that has hitherto rested in obscurity with regard to the attitude of
the Russian War Ministry, its efforts to prevent the war, its general
policy, and other matters.
The author endeavours to drive home his protest by marshalling an array
of facts, and by analogy from the military history of his country for
more than two centuries. Whether he proves his case is for the reader
to judge. Be that as it may, his book must claim attention as being the
absolute opinion of the one man on the Russian side best qualified to
throw light upon the causes and course of the greatest world-disturbing
international struggle that has taken place for more than a third of a
century. It has also a sentimental interest in that it is the utterance
of one who, after a long and meritorious career in his country’s
service, and after holding the highest appointments his profession
offered, has failed and retired discredited into the depths of the
country. Whether he will reappear in public life or not is unknown; but
when his distinguished services for Russia are called to mind, and a
few of the stupendous difficulties with which he had to contend in this
last campaign are realized, it is impossible to withhold sympathy.
The son of a Russian provincial official, Alexei Nicolaevitch
Kuropatkin was born on March 17, 1845. After being educated in the
cadet corps and the Pavlovsk War School, he was, at the age of
eighteen, posted as a Lieutenant to the 1st Turkestan Rifle Battalion,
with which he saw active service in Central Asia. Having passed
with success through the Staff College, and being graded as Staff
Captain, he in 1874 accompanied a French expedition into the Sahara.
In 1876 he took part in the Central Asian Campaign of that year,
being on Skobeleff’s staff, winning many laurels, and being wounded.
During the Turkish War of 1877–78 he was Chief of the Staff, and was
again wounded. In the Akhal Tekhe Expedition of 1880–81 he once more
distinguished himself, commanding the Turkestan Rifle Brigade, and
being twice wounded at the storming of Geok-Tepe. From 1883–90 he
was General in Charge of strategical questions on the great General
Staff. In 1890 he reached the rank of Lieutenant-General, and from
that year till 1898 did valuable service as Commander-in-Chief of the
Trans-Caspian Military District. In 1898 he received his portfolio as
Minister of War, which position he filled until February 20, 1904,
when he was appointed Commander-in-Chief of the Manchurian Army of
Operations (
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Transcriber's Note:
Inconsistent hyphenation and spelling in the original document have
been preserved. Obvious typographical errors have been corrected.
Italic text is denoted by _underscores_ and bold text by =equal
signs=.
Page 51: "_Aa_leck not El-eck" might have a diacritical mark over
the a.
Page 63: "I've 'earn tell" possibly should be "I've 'eard tell".
Page 261: The frontispiece cited was not included in this printing.
Page 318: "caller" possibly should be "calmer".
Page 326: "Frith" possibly should be "Firth".
AN
AMERICAN FOUR-IN-HAND
IN BRITAIN
BY
ANDREW CARNEGIE
NEW YORK
CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS
1899.
COPYRIGHT, 1883, 1886, BY
CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS.
Press of J. J. Little & Co.
Astor Place, New York
I DEDICATE THESE PAGES
TO
MY FAVORITE HEROINE,
My Mother.
_PREFACE._
_The publication of this book renders necessary a few words of
explanation. It was originally printed for private circulation among a
few dear friends--those who were not as well as those who were of the
coaching party--to be treasured as a souvenir of happy days. The house
which has undertaken the responsibility of giving it a wider circulation
believed that its publication might give pleasure to some who would not
otherwise see it. It is not difficult to persuade one that his work
which has met with the approval of his immediate circle may be worthy of
a larger audience; and the author was the more easily induced to consent
to its reprint because, the first edition being exhausted, he was no
longer able to fill many requests for copies._
_The original intent of the book must be the excuse for the highly
personal nature of the narrative, which could scarcely be changed
without an entire remodelling, a task for which the writer had neither
time nor inclination; so, with the exception of a few suppressions and
some additions which seemed necessary under its new conditions, its
character has not been materially altered. Trusting that his readers may
derive from a perusal of its pages a tithe of the pleasure which the Gay
Charioteers experienced in performing the journey, and wishing that all
may live to see their "ships come home" and then enjoy a similar
excursion for themselves, he subscribes himself,_
_Very Sincerely,_
_THE AUTHOR_
_New York, May 1, 1883._
AN AMERICAN FOUR-IN-HAND
IN BRITAIN.
Long enough ago to permit us to sing, "For we are boys, merry, merry
boys, Merry, merry boys together," and the world lay all before us where
to choose, Dod, Vandy, Harry, and I walked through Southern England with
knapsacks on our backs. What pranks we played! Those were the happy days
when we heard the chimes at midnight and laughed Sir Prudence out of
countenance. "Dost thou think, because thou art virtuous, there shall be
no more cakes and ale?" Nay, verily, Sir Gray Beard, and ginger shall be
hot i' the mouth too! Then indeed
"The sounding cataract
Haunted me like a passion; the tall rock,
The mountain, and the deep and gloomy wood,
Their colors and their forms, were then to me
An appetite; a feeling and a love
That had no need of a remoter charm,
By thought supplied, or any interest
Unborrowed from the eye."
It was during this pedestrian excursion that I announced that some day,
when my "ships came home," I should drive a party of my dearest friends
from Brighton to Inverness. Black's "Adventures of a Phaeton" came not
long after this to prove that another Scot had divined how idyllic the
journey could be made. It was something of an air-castle--of a
dream--those far-off days, but see how it has come to pass!
[Sidenote: _Air-Castles._]
The world, in my opinion, is all wrong on the subject of air-castles.
People are forever complaining that their chateaux en Espagne are never
realized. But the trouble is with them--they fail to recognize them when
they come. "To-day," says Carlyle, "is a king in disguise," and most
people are in possession of their air-castles, but lack the trick to
see 't.
Look around you! see Vandy, for instance. When we were thus doing Merrie
England on foot, he with a very modest letter of credit stowed away in a
belt round his sacred person--for Vandy it was who always carried the
bag (and a faithful treasurer
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(https://archive.org/details/americana)
Note: Images of the original pages are available through
Internet Archive/American Libraries. See
https://archive.org/details/discoveryoffutur00welliala
THE DISCOVERY OF THE FUTURE
by
H. G. WELLS
[Illustration]
New York
B. W. Huebsch
1913
Copyright, 1913,
By B. W. Huebsch
Printed in U. S. A.
THE DISCOVERY OF THE FUTURE[1]
BY H. G. WELLS
[1] A discourse delivered at the Royal Institution.
It will lead into my subject most conveniently to contrast and separate
two divergent types of mind, types which are to be distinguished chiefly
by their attitude toward time, and more particularly by the relative
importance they attach and the relative amount of thought they give to
the future.
The first of these two types of mind, and it is, I think, the
predominant type, the type of the majority of living people, is that
which seems scarcely to think of the future at all, which regards it as
a sort of blank non-existence upon which the advancing present will
presently write events. The second type, which is, I think, a more
modern and much less abundant type of mind, thinks constantly and by
preference of things to come, and of present things mainly in relation
to the results that must arise from them. The former type of mind, when
one gets it in its purity, is retrospective in habit, and it interprets
the things of the present, and gives value to this and denies it to
that, entirely with relation to the past. The latter type of mind is
constructive in habit, it interprets the things of the present and
gives value to this or that, entirely in relation to things designed or
foreseen.
While from that former point of view our life is simply to reap the
consequences of the past, from this our life is to prepare the future.
The former type one might speak of as the legal or submissive type of
mind, because the business, the practice, and the training of a lawyer
dispose him toward it; he of all men must constantly refer to the law
made, the right established, the precedent set, and consistently ignore
or condemn the thing that is only seeking to establish itself. The
latter type of mind I might for contrast call the legislative, creative,
organizing, or masterful type, because it is perpetually attacking and
altering the established order of things, perpetually falling away from
respect for what the past has given us. It sees the world as one great
workshop, and the present is no more than material for the future,
for the thing that is yet destined to be. It is in the active mood of
thought, while the former is in the passive; it is the mind of youth, it
is the mind more manifest among the western nations, while the former is
the mind of age, the mind of the oriental.
Things have been, says the legal mind, and so we are here. The creative
mind says we are here because things have yet to be.
Now I do not wish to suggest that the great mass of people belong to
either of these two types. Indeed, I speak of them as two distinct and
distinguishable types mainly for convenience and in order to accentuate
their distinction. There are probably very few people who brood
constantly upon the past without any thought of the future at all, and
there are probably scarcely any who live and think consistently in
relation to the future. The great mass of people occupy an intermediate
position between these extremes, they pass daily and hourly from the
passive mood to the active, they see this thing in relation to its
associations and that thing in relation to its consequences, and they
do not even suspect that they are using two distinct methods in their
minds.
But for all that they are distinct methods, the method of reference to
the past and the method of reference to the future, and their mingling
in many of our minds no more abolishes their difference than the
existence of piebald horses proves that white is black.
I believe that it is not sufficiently recognized just how different
in their consequences these two methods are, and just where their
difference and where the failure to appreciate their difference takes
one. This present time is a period of quite extraordinary uncertainty
and indecision upon endless questions--moral questions, aesthetic
questions, religious and political questions--upon which we should all
of us be happier to feel assured and settled; and a very large amount of
this floating uncertainty about these important matters is due to the
fact that with most of us these two insufficiently distinguished ways of
looking at things are not only present together, but in actual conflict
in our minds, in unsuspected conflict; we pass from one to the other
heedlessly without any clear
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[Illustration]
AN ALPHABET
OF HISTORY
_The Words by Wilbur D. Nesbit_
_The Pictures by Ellsworth Young_
Who frets about the mystery
Enshrouding all of history
On reading this will, maybe, see
We've made it plain as A, B, C.
_Paul Elder and Company Publishers,_
_San Francisco_
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
In their original form, the contents of this book appeared
in the _Chicago Sunday Tribune_, which newspaper is hereby
thanked for the privilege of reproducing this Alphabet
Copyright, 1905
by Paul Elder and Company
San Francisco
The Tomoye Press
San Francisco
ALEXANDER THE GREAT
[Illustration]
Alexander the Great was a victim of fate,
And he sighed there was naught to delight him
When he brandished his sword and defiantly roared
And could not get a country to fight him.
All the armies he'd chased, all the lands laid to waste,
And he clamored for further diversions;
And our history speaks of his grip on the Greeks
And his hammerlock hold on the Persians.
Though the Gordian knot, cut in two, in a spot
In his palace was labeled a relic,
Though Bucephalus, stuffed, gave him fame, he was huffed--
He was grouchy and grumpy, was Aleck.
And the cause of his woe, he would have you to know,
Was the fact that he never was able
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LEARNING TO FLY
[Illustration: _Photo by Topical Press Agency._
A SCHOOL MACHINE WELL ALOFT.]
LEARNING TO FLY
A PRACTICAL MANUAL FOR
BEGINNERS
BY
CLAUDE GRAHAME-WHITE
AND
HARRY HARPER
_FULLY ILLUSTRATED_
NEW YORK
THE MACMILLAN COMPANY
PRINTED IN ENGLAND.
CONTENTS
I. THEORIES OF TUITION 9
II. TEMPERAMENT AND THE AIRMAN 20
III. FIRST EXPERIENCES WITH AN AEROPLANE 24
(AS DESCRIBED BY MR. GRAHAME-WHITE)
IV. THE CONTROLLING OF LATEST-TYPE CRAFT 31
V. THE STAGES OF TUITION 38
VI. THE TEST FLIGHTS 53
VII. PERILS OF THE AIR 56
VIII. FACTORS THAT MAKE FOR SAFETY 76
IX. A STUDY OF THE METHODS OF GREAT PILOTS 82
X. CROSS-COUNTRY FLYING 92
XI. AVIATION AS A PROFESSION 99
XII. THE FUTURE OF FLIGHT 104
ILLUSTRATIONS
A SCHOOL MACHINE WELL ALOFT _Frontispiece_
FACE PAGE
GRAHAME-WHITE SCHOOL BIPLANE 34
THE CONTROLS OF A SCHOOL BIPLANE 36
REAR VIEW OF A SCHOOL BIPLANE 38
POWER-PLANT OF A SCHOOL BIPLANE 40
MOTOR AND OTHER GEAR--ANOTHER VIEW 42
PUPIL AND INSTRUCTOR READY FOR A FLIGHT 44
PUPIL AND INSTRUCTOR IN FLIGHT (1) 46
PUPIL AND INSTRUCTOR IN FLIGHT (2) 48
PUPIL AND INSTRUCTOR IN FLIGHT (3) 50
Authors' Note.--The photographs to illustrate this book, as set forth
above, were taken at the Grahame-White Flying School, the London
Aerodrome, Hendon, by operators of the Topical Press Agency, 10 and 11,
Red Lion Court, Fleet Street, London, E.C.
AUTHORS' NOTE
This book is written for the novice--and for the novice who is
completely a novice. We have assumed, in writing it, that it will come
into the hands of men who, having determined to enter this great and
growing industry of aviation, and having decided wisely to learn to
fly as their preliminary step, feel they would like to gain
beforehand--before, that is to say, they take the plunge of selecting
and joining a flying school--all that can be imparted non-technically,
and in such a brief manual as this, not only as to the stages of
tuition and the tests to be undergone, but also in regard to such
general questions as, having once turned their thoughts towards flying,
they take a sudden and a very active interest.
It has been our aim, bearing in mind this first and somewhat restless
interest, to cover a wide rather than a restricted field; and this
being so, and remembering also the limitations of space, we cannot
pretend--and do not for a moment wish it to be assumed that we
pretend--to cover exhaustively the various topics we discuss. Our
endeavour, in the pages at our disposal, has not been to satisfy
completely this first curiosity of the novice, but rather to stimulate
and strengthen it, and guide it, so to say, on lines which will lead
to a fuller and more detailed research.
It is from this point of view, as a short yet comprehensive
introduction, and particularly as an aid to the beginner in his choice
of a school, and in what may be called his mental preparation for the
stages of his tuition, that we desire our book to be regarded.
C. G.-W.
H. H.
_April_, 1916.
CHAPTER I
THEORIES OF TUITION
Only eight years ago, in 1908, it was declared impossible for one man
to teach another to fly. Those few men who had risen from the ground
in aeroplanes, notably the Wright brothers, were held to be endowed by
nature in some very peculiar way; to be men who possessed some
remarkable and hitherto unexplained sense of equilibrium. That these
men would be able to take other men--ordinary members of the human
race--and teach them in their turn to navigate the air, was a
suggestion
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ALAMO RANCH
_A Story of New Mexico_
BY SARAH WARNER BROOKS
Author of "My Fire Opal," "The Search of Ceres," etc.
CAMBRIDGE
PRIVATELY PRINTED
MCMIII
UNIVERSITY PRESS. JOHN WILSON
AND SON. CAMBRIDGE. U.S.A.
TO LEON
_Across the silence that between us stays,
Speak! I should hear it from God's outmost sun,
Above Earth's noise of idle blame and praise,--
The longed-for whisper of thy dear "Well done!"_
[Illustration: ALAMO RANCH]
ALAMO RANCH
_A STORY OF NEW MEXICO_
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[Illustration: AFRICAN ELEPHANT]
DOMESTICATED ANIMALS
THEIR RELATION TO MAN AND TO HIS
ADVANCEMENT IN CIVILIZATION
BY
NATHANIEL SOUTHGATE SHALER
DEAN OF THE LAWRENCE SCIENTIFIC SCHOOL OF
HARVARD UNIVERSITY
_ILLUSTRATED_
NEW YORK
CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS
1908
COPYRIGHT, 1895, BY
CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS
CONTENTS
PAGE
INTRODUCTION, 1
THE DOG
Ancestry of the Domesticated Dogs.--Early Uses of the Animal:
Variations induced by Civilization.--Shepherd-dogs: their
Peculiarities; other Breeds.--Possible Intellectual
Advances.--Evils of Specialized Breeding.--Likeness of Emotions
of Dogs to those of Man: Comparison with other Domesticated
Animals.--Modes of Expression of Emotions in Dogs.--Future
Development of this Species.--Comparison of Dogs and Cats as
regards Intelligence and Position in Relation to Man, 11
THE HORSE
Value of the Strength of the Horse to Man.--Origin of the
Horse.--Peculiar Advantage of the Solid Hoof.--Domestication
of the Horse.--How begun.--Use as a Pack Animal.--For
War.--Peculiar Advantages of the Animal for Use of Men.--Mental
Peculiarities.--Variability of Body.--Spontaneous Variations
due to Climate.--Variations of Breeds.--Effect of the Invention
of Horseshoes.--Donkeys and Mules compared with Horse.--Especial
Value of these Animals.--Diminishing Value of Horses in Modern
Civilization.--Continued Need of their Service in War, 57
THE FLOCKS AND HERDS: BEASTS FOR BURDEN,
FOOD, AND RAIMENT
Effect of this Group of Animals on Man.--First Subjugations.--Basis
of Domesticability.--Horned Cattle.--Wool-bearing Animals.--Sheep
and Goats.--Camels: their Limitation.--Elephants: Ancient History;
Distribution; Intelligence; Use in the Arts; Need of True
Domestication.--Pigs: their Peculiar Economic Value; Modern
Varieties; Mental Qualities.--Relation of the Development of
Domesticable Animals to the Time of Man's Appearance on the Earth, 103
DOMESTICATED BIRDS
Domestication of Animals mainly accomplished by the Aryan Race;
Small Amount of Such Work by American Indians.--Barnyard Fowl:
Mental Qualities; Habits of Combat.--Peacocks: their Limited
Domestication.--Turkeys: their Origin; tending to revert to the
Savage State.--Water Fowl: Limited Number of Species domesticated;
Intellectual Qualities of this Group.--The Pigeon: Origin and
History of Group; Marvels of Breeding.--Song Birds.--Hawks and
Hawking.--Sympathetic Motive of Birds: their AEsthetic Sense;
their Capacity for Enjoyment, 152
USEFUL INSECTS
Relations of Men to Insect World.--But Few Species Useful to
Man.--Little Trace of Domestication.--Honey-bees: their Origin;
Reasons for no Selective Work; Habits of the Species.--Silkworms:
Singular Importance to Man.--Intelligence of Species.--Cochineal
Insect.--Spanish Flies.--Future of Man relative to Useful Insects, 190
THE RIGHTS OF ANIMALS
Recent Understanding as to the Rights of Animals; Nature of these
Rights; their Origin in Sympathy.--Early State of Sympathetic
Emotions.--Place of Statutes concerning Animal Rights.--Present
and Future of Animal Rights.--Question of Vivisection.--Rights of
Domesticated Animals to Proper Care; to Enjoyment.--Ends of the
Breeder's Art.--Moral Position of the Hunter.--Probable
Development of the Protecting Motive as applied to Animals, 204
THE PROBLEM OF DOMESTICATION
The Conditions of Domestication; Effects on Society; Share of the
Races of Men in the Work.--Evils of Non-Intercourse with
Domesticated Animals as in Cities; Remedies.--Scientific Position
of Domestication; Future of the Art.--List of Species which may
Advantageously be Domesticated.--Peculiar Value of the Birds and
Mammals.--Importance of Groups which tenant High Latitudes.--Plan
for Wilderness Reservations; Relation to National Parks.--Project
for International System of Reservations.--Nature of Organic
Provinces; Harm done to them by Civilized Men.--Way in which
Reservations would Serve to Maintain Types of the Life of
the Earth; how they may be Founded.--Summary and Conclusions, 218
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
PAGE
FULL-PAGE ILLU
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THE QUAKERS
PAST AND PRESENT
THE QUAKERS
PAST AND PRESENT
BY
DOROTHY M. RICHARDSON
"The Quaker religion... is something which
it is impossible to overpraise."
WILLIAM JAMES:
_The Varieties of Religious
Experience_
NEW YORK
DODGE PUBLISHING COMPANY
214-220 EAST 23RD STREET
FOREWORD
The following chapters are primarily an attempt at showing the position
of the Quakers in the family to which they belong--the family of the
mystics.
In the second place comes a consideration of the method of worship and
of corporate living laid down by the founder of Quakerism, as best
calculated to foster mystical gifts and to strengthen in the community
as a whole that sense of the Divine, indwelling and accessible, to which
some few of his followers had already attained, and of which all those
he had gathered round him had a dawning apprehension.
The famous "peculiarities" of the Quakers fall into place as following
inevitably from their central belief.
The ebb and flow of that belief, as it is found embodied in the history
of the Society of Friends, has been dealt with as fully as space has
allowed.
My thanks are due to Mr. Norman Penney, F.S.A., F.R.Hist.S., Librarian
of the Friends' Reference Library, for a helpful revision of my
manuscript.
D. M. R.
LONDON,
1914
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A PHILOSOPHICAL DICTIONARY
VOLUME V
By
VOLTAIRE
EDITION DE LA PACIFICATION
THE WORKS OF VOLTAIRE
A CONTEMPORARY VERSION
With Notes by Tobias Smollett, Revised and Modernized
New Translations by William F. Fleming, and an
Introduction by Oliver H.G. Leigh
A CRITIQUE AND BIOGRAPHY
BY
THE RT. HON. JOHN MORLEY
FORTY-THREE VOLUMES
One hundred and sixty-eight designs, comprising reproductions
of rare old engravings, steel plates, photogravures,
and curious
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Lost Lenore
The Adventures of a Rolling Stone
By Charles Beach, edited Mayne Reid
Published by Charles J. Skeet, 10 King William Street, London.
This edition dated 1864.
Volume One, Chapter I.
FAMILY AFFAIRS.
The first important event of my life transpired on the 22nd May, 1831.
On that day I was born.
Six weeks after, another event occurred which no doubt exerted an
influence over my destiny: I was christened Rowland Stone.
From what I have read of ancient history--principally as given by the
Jews--I have reason to think, that I am descended from an old and
illustrious family. No one can refute the evidence I have for believing
that some of my ancestors were in existence many hundred years ago.
The simple fact that I am in existence now is sufficient proof that my
family is of a descent, ancient and noble, as that of any other on
earth.
Perhaps there is no family, in its wanderings and struggles towards
remotest posterity, that has not experienced every vicissitude of
fortune; sometimes standing in the ranks of the great; and in the lapse
of ages descending to the lower strata of the social scale, and there
becoming historically lost.
I have not yet found it recorded, that any individual of the family to
which I belong ever held a very high position--not, in fact, since one
of them named Noah constructed a peculiar kind of sailing craft, of
which he was full owner, and captain.
It was my misfortune to be brought into existence at a period of the
world's history, when my father would be thought by many to be a man in
"humble circumstances of life." He used to earn an honest living by
hard work.
He was a saddle and harness-maker in an obscure street in the city of
Dublin, and his name was William Stone.
When memory dwells on my father, pride swells up in my soul: for he was
an honest, temperate, and industrious man, and was very kind to my
mother and his children. I should be an unworthy son, not to feel pride
at the remembrance of such a father!
There was nothing very remarkable in the character of my mother. I used
to think different once, but that was before I had arrived at the age of
reason. I used to think that she delighted to thwart my childish
inclinations--more than was necessary for her own happiness or mine.
But this was probably a fault of my wayward fancy. I am willing to
think so now.
I was a little wilful, and no doubt caused her much trouble. I am
inclined to believe, now that she treated me kindly enough--perhaps
better than I deserved.
I remember, that, up to the time I was eight years of age, it was the
work of two women to put a clean shirt on my back, and the operation was
never performed by them without a long and violent struggle. This
remembrance, along with several others of a like nature, produces upon
me the impression, that my parents must have humoured my whims--too
much, either for my good or their own.
When I was yet very young, they thought that I was distinguished from
other children by a _penchant_ for suddenly and secretly absenting
myself from those, whose duty it was to be acquainted with my
whereabouts. I often ran away from home to find playmates; and ran away
from school to avoid the trouble of learning my lessons. At this time
of life, so strong was my propensity for escaping from any scene I did
not like, and betaking myself to such as I deemed more congenial to my
tastes, that I obtained the soubriquet of _The Rolling Stone_.
Whenever I would be missing from home, the inquiry would be made, "Where
is that Rolling Stone?" and this inquiry being often put in the school I
attended, the phrase was also applied to me there. In short it became
my "nickname."
Perhaps I was a little vain of the appellation: for I certainly did not
try to win another, but, on the contrary, did much to convince
everybody, that the title thus extended to me was perfectly appropriate.
My father's family consisted of my parents, a brother, one year and a
half younger than myself, and a sister, about two years younger still.
We were not an unhappy family. The little domestic cares, such as all
must share, only strengthened the desire for existence--in order that
they might be overcome.
My father was a man without many friends, and with fewer enemies, for he
was a person who attended to his own business, and said but little to
any one. He had a talent for silence; and had the good sense not to
neglect the exercise of it--as many do the best gifts Nature has
bestowed upon them.
He died when I was about thirteen years old; and, as soon as he was gone
from us, sorrow and misfortune began for the first time to show
themselves in our house.
There are many families to whom the loss of a parent may be no great
calamity; but ours was not one of them; and, young as I was at the time,
I had the sense to know that thenceforward I should have to war with the
world alone. I had no confidence in my mother's ability to provide for
her children, and saw that, by the death of my father, I was at once
elevated from the condition of a child to that of a man.
After his decease, the work in the shop was carried on by a young man
named Leary--a journeyman saddler, who had worked with my father for
more than a year previous to his death.
I was taken from school, and put to work with Mr Leary who undertook to
instruct me in the trade of a harness-maker. I may say that the man
displayed considerable patience in trying to teach me.
He also assisted my mother with his counsel--which seemed guided by a
genuine regard for our interests. He managed the business in the shop,
in what appeared to be the best manner possible; and the profits of his
labour were punctually handed over to my mother.
For several weeks after my father's death, everything was conducted in a
manner much more pleasant than we had any reason to expect; and the loss
we had sustained seemed not so serious to our future existence, as I had
at first anticipated.
All of our acquaintances thought we were exceedingly fortunate in having
such a person as Mr Leary, to assist us in carrying on the business.
Most of the neighbours used to speak of him in the highest terms of
praise; and many times have I heard my mother affirm that she knew not
what would become of us, if deprived of his assistance.
Up to this time Mr Leary had uniformly treated me with kindness. I
knew of no cause for disliking him; and yet I did!
My conscience often rebuked me with this unexplained antipathy, for I
believed it to be wrong; but for all that, I could not help it. I did
not even like his appearance; but, on the contrary, thought him the most
hideous person I had ever beheld. Other people had a different opinion;
and I tried to believe that I was guided by prejudice in forming my
judgment of him. I knew he was not to blame for his personal
appearance, nor for any other of my fancies; but none of these
considerations could prevent me from hating Matthew Leary, and in truth
I _did_ hate him.
I could not conceal my dislike--even from him; and I will do him the
justice to state that he appeared to strive hard to overcome it with
kindness. All his efforts to accomplish this were in vain; and only
resulted in increasing my antipathy.
Time passed. Mr Leary daily acquired a greater control of the affairs
of our family; and in proportion as his influence over my mother
increased, so did my hostility towards him.
My mother strove to conquer it, by reminding me of his kindness to all
the family--the interest he took in our common welfare--the trouble he
underwent in teaching me the business my father had followed--and his
undoubted morality and good habits.
I could not deny that there was reason in her arguments; but my dislike
to Mr Leary was independent of reason: it had sprung from instinct.
It soon became evident to me that Mr Leary would, at no distant period,
become one of the family. In the belief of my mother, younger brother,
and sister, he seemed necessary to our existence.
My mother was about thirty-three years of age; and did not appear old
for her years. She was not a bad looking woman--besides, she was
mistress of a house and a business. Mr Leary possessed neither. He
was but a journeyman saddler; but it was soon very evident that he
intended to avail himself of the opportunity of marrying my mother and
her business, and becoming the master of both.
It was equally evident that no efforts of mine could prevent him from
doing so, for, in the opinion of my mother, he was every thing required
for supplying the loss of her first husband.
I tried to reason with her, but must admit, that the only arguments I
could adduce were my prejudices, and I was too young to use even them to
the best advantage. But had they been ever so just, they would have
been thrown away on my father's widow.
The many seeming good traits in the character of Mr Leary, and his
ability for carrying on the work in the shop, were stronger arguments
than any I could urge in answer to them.
My opposition to their marriage--now openly talked about--only
engendered ill-will in the mind of my mother; and created a coldness, on
her part, towards myself. When finally convinced of her intention to
become Mrs Leary, I strove hard to overcome my prejudices against the
man: for I was fully aware of the influence he would have over me as a
step-father.
It was all to no purpose. I hated Mr Leary, and could not help it.
As soon as my mother had definitively made known to me her intention of
marrying him, I felt a strong inclination to strengthen my reputation as
a runaway, by running away from home. But such an exploit was then a
little too grand for a boy of my age to undertake--with much hope of
succeeding in its accomplishment. I did not like to leave home, and
afterwards be compelled to return to it--when I might be worse off than
ever.
I formed the resolution, therefore, to abide in my mother's--soon to be
Mr Leary's--house, until circumstances should force me to leave it; and
that such circumstances would ere long arise, I had a painful
presentiment. As will be found in the sequel, my presentiment was too
faithfully fulfilled.
Volume One, Chapter II.
A SUDDEN CHANGE OF CHARACTER.
Never have I witnessed a change so great and sudden as came over Mr
Leary, after his marriage with my mother.
He was no longer the humble journeyman--with the deportment of a
respectable young fellow striving to retain a situation, and gain
friends by good conduct. The very day after the wedding, his behaviour
was that of a vain selfish overbearing plebeian, suddenly raised from
poverty to wealth. He no longer spoke to me in his former feigned tone
of kindness, but with threats, in a commanding voice, and in accents far
more authoritative, than my father had ever used to me.
Mr Leary had been hitherto industrious, but was so no longer. He
commenced, by employing another man to work in the shop with me, and
plainly expressed by his actions that
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VOL. XXI FEBRUARY 6, 1909 NO. 19
CHARITIES
AND THE COMMONS
THE PITTSBURGH
SURVEY
II. THE PLACE AND ITS SOCIAL FORCES
[Illustration]
A JOURNAL OF CONSTRUCTIVE PHILANTHROPY
PUBLISHED BY
THE CHARITY ORGANIZATION SOCIETY OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK
ROBERT W. DEFOREST, President; OTTO T. BANNARD, Vice-President;
J. P. MORGAN, Treasurer; EDWARD T. DEVINE, General Secretary
105 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK
174 ADAMS STREET, CHICAGO
THIS ISSUE TWENTY-FIVE CENTS TWO DOLLARS A YEAR
ENTERED AT THE POST OFFICE, NEW YORK, AS SECOND CLASS MATTER
* * * * *
{ 1646 }
Telephones { } Stuyvesant
{ 1647 }
Millard & Company
_Stationers and Printers_
12 East 16th Street
(Bet. Fifth Ave. & Union Square)
New York
ENGRAVING
LITHOGRAPHING
BLANK BOOK MAKING
CATALOG AND PAMPHLET WORK
AT REASONABLE PRICES
* * * * *
The....
Sheltering Arms
* * * * *
William R. Peters President
92 William Street
Herman C. Von Post Secretary
32 West 57th Street
Charles W. Maury Treasurer
504 West 129th Street
OBJECTS OF THE ASSOCIATION
"THE SHELTERING ARMS" was opened October 6th, 1864, and receives
children between six and ten years of age, for whom no other
institution provides.
Children placed at "THE SHELTERING ARMS" are not surrendered to the
Institution, but are held subject to the order of parents or guardians.
The children attend the neighboring public school. The older boys and
girls are trained to household and other work.
* * * * *
Application for admission should be addressed to MISS RICHMOND, at "THE
SHELTERING ARMS," 129th Street, corner Amsterdam Avenue.
* * * * *
WM. F. FELL CO.
PRINTERS
1220 SANSOM STREET
PHILADELPHIA
* * * * *
Book and Mercantile Printing
Specialists in Medical, Technical
and Educational Work
Illustrated Catalogues, Reports
and Booklets
Machine Composition, Electrotyping
and Binding
* * * * *
* * * * *
[Illustration:
_The_
KALKHOFF
COMPANY
251 William St.
NEW YORK]
[Illustration]
TRADE MARKS
have been used from time immemorial by manufacturers, emblems by
societies, seals by kings, artists and printers.
Their works are known to be excellent or poor. Their mark impresses the
quality on the mind.
The Kalkhoff Company
251 William Street, New York
Printers of the Inserts Herein
* * * * *
Please mention CHARITIES AND THE COMMONS when writing to
advertisers.
[Illustration: _Drawn by Joseph Stella._
AS MEN SEE AMERICA. II.
THE SECOND OF THREE FRONTISPIECES.]
CHARITIES
_AND_ The Commons
THE COMMON WELFARE
THE BILL FOR A CHILDREN'S BUREAU
An unusually well managed and effective hearing before the House of
Representatives committee on expenditures in the Interior Department
was held in Washington on January 27, following the White House
Conference on Dependent Children. No happier practical expression of
the unanimous conclusions of the conference could have been conceived
than this gathering of nearly all the conference leaders, representing
every section of the country and all shades of opinion in dealing with
childhood's problems.
Many persons listened to the unanimous plea that the federal government
should heed the cry of the child and espouse its cause at least to
the extent of providing a children's bureau manned by experts in such
questions as the causes and treatment of orphanage, illegitimacy,
juvenile delinquency, infant mortality, child labor, physical
degeneracy, accidents, and diseases of children, to whom those engaged
in dealing with these problems could direct inquiries for information
based on adequate and authoritative research. The gathering of such
information and its dissemination in bulletins easily understood by
the common people, the making available for all parts of the country
the results of the experience and suggestions of the most favored
parts and of any foreign experience in dealing with problems similar
to our own,--in short just such service as the government now renders
so cheerfully to the farmer though the scientific work of the bureaus
of its well equipped Department of Agriculture is all that the bill
for the children's bureau asks. Upon the question of the propriety,
constitutionality and expediency of the federal government doing this
work there was not and cannot well be a single objection made. For
the first year an appropriation of $51,820 is asked. As was carefully
pointed out by several speakers, much of the work to be done is
partially undertaken and could be done more adequately by existing
governmental agencies such as the Census Bureau whose work would not
be duplicated if we make it the sole business of some one bureau to
bring together in one place and focus on the problems of childhood
the information desired by child helping agencies and to find out
what is needed to stimulate greater efficiency in work for children.
No administrative powers or duties of inspection with respect to
children's institutions or work are proposed or intended to be given to
the federal children's bureau. Therefore only those whose deeds will
not stand the light
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THE MAN WHO PLEASES
AND
THE WOMAN WHO CHARMS
BY
JOHN A. CONE
"Look out lovingly upon the world and the
world will look lovingly in upon you."
HINDS & NOBLE, Publishers
31-33-35 WEST 15TH STREET, NEW YORK CITY
_Schoolbooks of all publishers at one store_
_Third printing, February, 1904._
Copyright, 1901.
by
JOHN A. CONE,
in the
United States
and
Great Britain.
Entered at Stationer's Hall,
London.
All Rights Reserved.
TO
MY MOTHER.
CONTENTS.
PAGE
THE MAN WHO PLEASES 1
THE WOMAN WHO CHARMS 16
THE ART OF CONVERSATION 29
GOOD ENGLISH 37
TACT IN CONVERSATION 48
THE COMPLIMENT OF ATTENTION 57
THE VOICE 65
GOOD MANNERS 73
DRESS 84
THE OPTIMIST 97
PERSONAL PECULIARITIES 106
SUGGESTIONS FROM MANY SOURCES 114
PREFACE.
The makers of books have been divided into two classes--the creators and
the collectors. In preparing this volume the author has made no claim to
a place in the first division, for he has been, to a great extent, only
a collector. The facts which the book contains are familiar to
intelligent people, and the only excuse offered for presenting them in a
new dress is that we need to be reminded often of some truths with which
we are most familiar.
In our daily intercourse with one another, we may forget to render to
others that thoughtfulness and attention which we exact from them.
We all know that the essence of courtesy is the purpose, in speech and
manner, to be agreeable, attractive, and lovable, to awaken by our
presence happy impressions in another. We all understand this, but we so
easily forget it, or, at least, forget to put it into practice.
Courtesy is not the least of the Christian virtues, and it should be
studied as an art.
The reader is requested to accept these chapters in the spirit in which
they were prepared. They are not profound psychological studies, or even
original essays, but only a bringing together of simple, yet important
truths, which are of concern to us all. Possibly they may be of some
help--"Lest we forget,----"
THE MAN WHO PLEASES.
_The dearest friend to me, the kindest man,
The best-conditioned and unwearied spirit
In doing courtesies._
MERCHANT OF VENICE.
_He hath a daily beauty in his life._
OTHELLO.
_Such a man would win any woman in the world if a' could get her
good will._
MUCH ADO ABOUT NOTHING.
There are few subjects of deeper interest to men and women than that of
personal fascination, or what is sometimes called "personal magnetism."
We commonly talk about it as though it were some mysterious quality of
which no definite account could be given.
"A man is fascinating," we say, "he is born magnetic; he has an
indefinable charm which cannot be analyzed or understood," and, with the
term "naturally magnetic," we hand the matter over to the world of
mystery.
Is this quality of so bewildering a nature that it cannot be understood,
or will a study of those men and women who possess preeminently the
power of pleasing show us the secret of their influence, and prove to us
that the gift of fascination is not, necessarily, innate, but that it
can, to a great degree, be acquired?
Will we not find that what appears to be the perfection of naturalness
is often but the perfection of culture?
From all our well-known public men who have won the reputation of being
"naturally magnetic," perhaps we could not select a better example than
James G. Blaine. With the possible exception of Henry Clay, no other
political leader in our history, under all circumstances, had so devoted
and determined a following. Both Clay and Blaine possessed sympathetic
and affectionate dispositions, and both understood human nature and the
art of pleasing. It may be said that Mr. Blaine's popularity was due, in
a great measure, to the brilliant and attractive nature of his public
service, and this was, no doubt, true to a certain extent. No man knew
better than he the importance of making the most of opportunities for
dramatic and sensational display, and his methods of statesmanship were
always calculated to please the multitude.
His greatest power, however, was manifested in his winning men by direct
and individual contact. One thing which assisted him in this direction
was the fact that he was, perhaps, the most courteous of all the public
men of his generation. Whenever a stranger was introduced to him, a
hearty handshake, a look of interest and an attentive and cordial manner
assured him that Mr. Blaine was very glad to see him. If they chanced to
meet again, after months or even years, the man was delighted to find
that Mr. Blaine not only remembered his name, but that he had seemed to
treasure even the most trivial recollections of their short
acquaintance. He had a marvellous memory for faces and names, and he
understood the value of this gift.
This ability to remember faces is not difficult to acquire. We could all
possess it if we would make sufficient effort. No two figures or
countenances are precisely alike, and it is by noting how they differ
one from another that you will remember them.
In explaining his own remarkable memory for faces, Thomas B. Reed once
said to a reporter that he never looked a man in the face that some
striking peculiarity, a line, a wrinkle, an expression about the eye,
the set of the lips, the shape of the nose, something set that man's
face down in his mind indelibly, and distinguished him from the rest of
mankind.
Blaine carefully trained himself to pick out some feature or peculiarity
by which he could distinguish one face or person from all others and by
which he could associate the name of the individual.
The ability to remember names and faces is one of the most valuable
accomplishments for the man in public life, or, indeed, for any man or
woman who wishes social success. Not only does it insure comfort to
one's self, but it is especially pleasing to others. Next to the comfort
of being able to address by name and without hesitation a person one has
met but once, and without mistake, is the comfort of being recognized
one's self.
Another reason why Mr. Blaine was popular with the masses was because he
was not difficult to approach, and he never missed a chance to be useful
to a person who might some time, in turn, be useful to him.
The _St. Louis Globe-Democrat_ said shortly after his death: "It was not
the habit of Mr. Blaine to wait for men to seek favors from him. He
anticipated their desires, and doubled their obligations to him by
doing voluntarily what might have been delayed for solicitation. That
gave him the kind of popularity which outlasts defeat and resists all
ordinary influences of criticism and hostility. He could always count
upon a certain measure of unflinching and unconditional support,
whatever forces happened to be arrayed against him; and he changed
bitter enemies into zealous friends with a facility that was a source of
constant surprise and wonder."
But why should his success in attracting others to himself be a source
of "surprise and wonder"?
Mr. Blaine, in common with many other magnetic men and women, understood
that the secret of personal fascination lies in one single point; that
is, "in the power to excite in another person happy feelings of a high
degree of intensity, and to make that person identify such feelings with
the charm and power of the cherished cause of them."
Any quality, good or evil, that enables a man to do this, renders him
fascinating, whether he be saint or sinner. Indeed, some of the men who
have been the most skilful in the art of pleasing have been scoundrels.
Said a writer in the _Boston Herald_: "It used to be said of Aaron
Burr--so irresistible in charm of manner was the man--that he
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THE NON-RELIGION
OF THE FUTURE
_A SOCIOLOGICAL STUDY_
TRANSLATED FROM THE FRENCH
OF
M. GUYAU
[Illustration]
NEW YORK
HENRY HOLT AND COMPANY
1897
COPYRIGHT, 1897,
BY
HENRY HOLT & CO.
THE MERSHON COMPANY PRESS,
RAHWAY, N. J.
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
INTRODUCTION.
I. Sociality the basis of religion—Its definition.
II. The connection between religion, æsthetics, and morals.
III. The inevitable decomposition of all systems of dogmatic
religion; the state of “non-religion” toward which the human mind
seems to tend—The exact sense in which one must understand the
non-religion as distinguished from the “religion of the future.”
IV. The value and utility, for the time being, of religion; its
ultimate insufficiency, 1
Part First.
THE GENESIS OF RELIGIONS IN PRIMITIVE SOCIETIES.
_CHAPTER I._
RELIGIOUS PHYSICS.
IMPORTANCE OF THE PROBLEM OF THE ORIGIN OF RELIGION—UNIVERSALITY
OF RELIGIOUS BELIEFS OR SUPERSTITIONS—VARIABILITY OF RELIGIONS AND
RELIGIOUS EVOLUTION.
I. Idealist theory which attributes the origin of religion to
a notion of the infinite—Henotheism of Max Müller and Von
Hartmann—M. Renan’s Instinct for Divinity.
II. Theory of a worship of the dead and of spirits—Herbert
Spencer—Spencer’s objections to the theory of the attribution of a
soul to natural forces.
III. Answer to objections—Religious physics sociological in
form, and the substitution of relations between malevolent
or beneficent conscious beings for relations between natural
forces—Sociomorphism of primitive Peoples, 21
_CHAPTER II._
RELIGIOUS METAPHYSICS.
I. Animism or polydemonism—Formation of the dualist conception of
spirit—Social relations with spirits.
II. Providence and miracles—The evolution of the dualist
conception of a special providence—The conception of
miracles—The supernatural and the natural—Scientific explanation
and miracles—Social and moral modifications in the character
of man, owing to supposed social relations with a special
providence—Increasing sentiment of irresponsibility and passivity
and “absolute dependence.”
III. The creation—Genesis of the notion of creation—The dualistic
elements in this idea—Monism—Classification of systems of
religious metaphysics—Criticism of the classification proposed by
Von Hartmann—Criticism of the classification proposed by Auguste
Comte, 80
_CHAPTER III._
RELIGIOUS MORALS.
I. The laws which regulate the social relations between gods and
men—Morality and immorality in primitive religions—Extension of
friendly and hostile relations to the sphere of the gods—Primitive
inability in matters of conscience, as in matters of art, to
distinguish the great from the monstrous.
II. The moral sanction in the society which includes gods and
men—Patronage—That divine intervention tends always to be
conceived after the model of human intervention and to sanction it.
III. Worship and religious rites—Principles of reciprocity and
proportionality in the exchange of services—Sacrifice—Principle
of coercion and incantation—Principle of habit and its relation
to rites—Sorcery—Sacerdotalism—Prophecy—The externals of
worship—Dramatization and religious æsthetics.
IV. Subjective worship—Adoration and love; their psychological
origin, 113
Part Second.
THE DISSOLUTION OF RELIGIONS IN EXISTING SOCIETIES.
_CHAPTER I._
DOGMATIC FAITH.
I. Narrow dogmatic faith—The credulity of primitive man: First,
spontaneous faith in the senses and imagination; Second, faith in
the testimony of superior men; Third, faith in the divine word, in
revelation, and in the sacred texts—The literalness of dogmatic
faith—Inevitable intolerance of narrow dogmatic faith—Belief
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[Illustration: HARPER'S YOUNG PEOPLE]
* * * * *
VOL. II.--NO. 80. PUBLISHED BY HARPER & BROTHERS, NEW YORK. PRICE FOUR
CENTS.
Tuesday, May 10, 1881. Copyright, 1881, by HARPER & BROTHERS. $1.50 per
Year, in Advance.
* * * * *
[Illustration: PAUL REVERE AT LEXINGTON.--DRAWN BY HOWARD PYLE.]
HOURS WITH THE OCTOGENARIANS.
BY BENSON J. LOSSING.
Between thirty and forty years ago I went on a pilgrimage to places
hallowed by events of the great and successful struggle of Americans for
freedom and independence.
I there found many things and persons remaining as mementos of that
contest. All were hoary with age, and some were crumbling and tottering
ruins. All were rapidly passing within the veil of human forgetfulness,
for houses, fortifications, battle-fields, and men and women would soon
become only pictures on Memory's wall.
From the lips of the venerable men and women whom I saw I heard
thrilling narratives of their experience in those days of strife. In
hidden recesses of memory and in written notes I preserved those
narratives for the entertainment and instruction of the youth of this
generation, hoping to be with them to tell the tales myself. Here I am,
and I propose to relate to the readers of YOUNG PEOPLE some of the
stories I then received from living lips. I will begin with the story of
THE FIFER OF LEXINGTON.
Lexington! Concord! What American boy or girl has not heard of these two
little villages in Massachusetts, where the first blow was struck for
independence, and where the hot flames of the Revolution first burst
out, on the 19th of April, 1775? One of my first pilgrimages was to
these villages.
It was a bright, sunny morning in October, 1848, when I travelled by
railway from Boston to Concord--a distance of seventeen miles northwest
of the New England capital. There I spent an hour with Major Barrett and
his wife, who "saw the British scamper," and had lived together almost
sixty years. The Major was hale at eighty-seven, and his wife, almost as
old, seemed as nimble of foot as a matron in middle life. She was a
vivacious little woman, well-formed, and retained traces of the beauty
of her girlhood.
After visiting the place of the skirmish at Concord, I rode in a private
vehicle to Lexington, six miles eastward, through a picturesque and
fertile country, and entered the famous village at the Green whereon
that skirmish occurred, and where a commemorative monument now stands.
After a brief interview with two or three aged persons there, we drove
to the house of Jonathan Harrington, in East Lexington, who, a lad
seventeen years old, had opened the ball of the Revolution on the
memorable April morning with the war-notes of the shrill fife.
As we halted before the house of Mr. Harrington, at a little past noon,
we saw an old man wielding an axe vigorously in splitting fire-wood in
his yard. I entered the gate, and introduced myself and my errand. The
old man was the venerable fifer.
"Come in and rest yourself," he said, kindly, as he led the way into the
house.
Although he was then past ninety years of age, he appeared no older than
many men do at seventy. His form was nearly erect, his voice was firm,
his complexion was fair, his placid face was lighted by mild blue eyes,
and had but few deep wrinkles, and his hair, not all white, was very
abundant. I took a seat on a chintz-covered lounge, and he sat in a
Boston rocking-chair.
"I have come," I said, "to make some inquiries about the battle of
Lexington."
"It wasn't a battle," he answered; "only a skirmish."
"It was a sharp one," I said.
"Yes, pretty sharp, pretty sharp," he replied, thoughtfully. "Eight fine
young men out of a hundred were killed; two of them my blood-relations."
"I understand you played the fife on that morning," I said.
"As well as I could," he replied. "I taught myself to play the year
before, when the minute-men were training; and I was the only person in
Lexington who knew how to fife. That ain't saying much, though, for then
there were only eight or ten houses in the village besides the
meeting-house."
"Did you belong to the minute-men?" I asked.
"I was a minute-_boy_. They asked me to fife, to help Joe Burton make
music with his drum for Captain Parker's company. Poor Joe! His
drum-head was smashed, and he lost a little finger in the fight. Captain
Parker's company was drilled the night before the fight, for Sol Brown,
our nearest neighbor, came from Boston at sunset, and said he had seen
nine British soldiers in overcoats walking toward Lexington. Sam Adams
and John Hancock were at Parson Clark's house, where Dorothy Quincy,
Hancock's sweetheart, was staying. Gage wanted to catch and hang 'em,
and it was believed the soldiers Sol had seen had been sent out to seize
'em that night. A guard of eight men
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SPEECHES, ADDRESSES,
AND
OCCASIONAL SERMONS,
BY
THEODORE PARKER,
MINISTER OF THE TWENTY-EIGHTH CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH IN BOSTON.
IN THREE VOLUMES.
VOL. II.
BOSTON:
HORACE B. FULLER,
(SUCCESSOR TO WALKER, FULLER, AND COMPANY,)
245, WASHINGTON STREET.
1867.
Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1855, by
THEODORE PARKER,
In the Clerk's Office of the District Court
of the District of Massachusetts.
CONTENTS OF VOLUME II.
I.
A SERMON OF THE SPIRITUAL CONDITION OF BOSTON.--Preached
at the Melodeon, on Sunday, February 18, 1849
PAGE 1
II.
SOME THOUGHTS ON THE MOST CHRISTIAN USE OF THE
SUNDAY.--A Sermon preached at the Melodeon, on Sunday,
January 30, 1848 56
III.
A SERMON OF IMMORTAL LIFE.--Preached at the Melodeon
on Sunday, September 20, 1846 105
IV.
THE PUBLIC EDUCATION OF THE PEOPLE.--An Address
delivered before the Onondaga Teachers' Institute at Syracuse,
New York, October 4, 1849 139
V.
THE POLITICAL DESTINATION OF AMERICA, AND THE
SIGNS OF THE TIMES.--An Address delivered before
several literary Societies in 1848 198
VI.
A DISCOURSE OCCASIONED BY THE DEATH OF JOHN
QUINCY ADAMS.--Delivered at the Melodeon, on Sunday,
March 5, 1848 252
VII.
A SPEECH AT A MEETING OF THE AMERICAN ANTI-SLAVERY
SOCIETY, TO CELEBRATE THE ABOLITION OF
SLAVERY BY THE FRENCH REPUBLIC, April 6, 1848 331
VIII.
A SPEECH AT FANEUIL HALL, BEFORE THE NEW ENGLAND
ANTI-SLAVERY CONVENTION, May 31, 1848 344
IX.
SOME THOUGHTS ON THE FREE SOIL PARTY, AND THE
ELECTION OF GENERAL TAYLOR, December, 1848 360
A SERMON OF THE SPIRITUAL CONDITION OF BOSTON.--PREACHED AT THE
MELODEON, ON SUNDAY, FEBRUARY 18, 1849.
MATTHEW VIII. 20.
By their fruits ye shall know them.
Last Sunday I said something of the moral condition of Boston; to-day I
ask your attention to a Sermon of the Spiritual Condition of Boston. I
use the word spiritual in its narrower sense, and speak of the condition
of this town in respect to piety. A little while since, in a sermon of
piety, I tried to show that love of God lay at the foundation of all
manly excellence, and was the condition of all noble, manly development;
that love of truth, love of justice, love of love, were respectively the
condition of intellectual, moral, and affectional development, and that
they were also respectively the intellectual, moral, and affectional
forms of piety; that the love of God as the Infinite Father, the
totality of truth, justice, and love was the general condition of the
total development of man's spiritual powers. But I showed, that
sometimes this piety, intellectual, moral, affectional or total, did not
arrive at self-consciousness; the man only unconsciously loving the
Infinite in one or all these modes, and in such cases the man was a
loser by frustrating his piety, and allowing it to stop in the truncated
form of unconsciousness.
Now what is in you will appear out of you; if piety be there in any of
these forms, in either mode, it will come out; if not there, its fruits
cannot appear. You may reason forward or backward: if you know piety
exists, you may foretell its appearance; if you find fruits thereof, you
may reason back and be sure of its existence. Piety is love of God as
God, and as we only love what we are like, and in that degree, so it is
also a likeness to God. Now it is a general doctrine in Christendom that
divinity must manifest itself; and, in assuming the highest form of
manifestation known to us, divinity becomes humanity. However, that
doctrine is commonly taught in the specific and not generic form, and is
enforced by an historical and concrete example, but not by way of a
universal thesis. It appears thus: The Christ was God; as such He must
manifest himself; the form of manifestation was that of a complete and
perfect man. I reject the concrete example, but accept the universal
doctrine
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WONDERFUL ESCAPES.
[Illustration: Osmond carrying off Duke Richard.]
WONDERFUL ESCAPES
_REVISED FROM THE FRENCH OF F. BERNARD
AND ORIGINAL CHAPTERS ADDED._
BY
RICHARD WHITEING.
With Twenty-six Plates.
NEW YORK:
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Transcriber's Notes:
1. Page scan source: Google Books
https://books.google.com/books?id=w8gBAAAAQAAJ
(Oxford University)
KISSING THE ROD.
LONDON:
HOBSON AND SON, GREAT NORTHERN PRINTING WORKS,
PANCRAS ROAD, N.W.
KISSING THE ROD.
A Novel.
BY EDMUND YATES,
AUTHOR OF "BROKEN TO HARNESS," "RUNNING THE GAUNTLET,"
"LAND AT LAST," ETC.
"The heart knoweth its own bitterness."
IN THREE VOLUMES.
VOL. I.
LONDON:
TINSLEY BROTHERS, 18 CATHERINE ST. STRAND.
1866.
[_All rights of translation and reproduction reserved_.]
Inscribed to
THE COUNTESS OF FIFE.
CONTENTS OF VOL. I.
CHAP.
I. DAZZLED.
II. A MORNING CALL.
III. WITHIN THE PALE.
IV. MR. GUYON'S FRIEND.
V. HESTER GOULD.
VI. IN CHAMBERS.
VII. KATHARINE GUYON.
VIII. AMARYLLIS IN A MARQUEE.
IX. INVESTMENTS.
X. STRUGGLE.
XI. LEFT LAMENTING.
XII. VICTORY.
KISSING THE ROD.
CHAPTER I.
DAZZLED.
There was no name on the doorposts, nothing beyond the
number--"48"--to serve as a guide; and yet it may be doubted
whether any firm in the City was better known to the postman, the
bankers'-clerks, and all who had regular business to transact with
them, than that of Streightley and Son. The firm had been Streightley
and Son, and it had been located at 48 Bullion Lane, for the last
hundred and fifty years. They were money-brokers and scrip-sellers at
the time of the South-Sea bubble, and were among the very few who were
not ruined by that disastrous swindle. So little ruined were they that
they prospered by it, and in the next generation extended their
business and enlarged their profits; both of which, however, were
consider curtailed by rash speculations during the French Revolution
and the American War. Within the first quarter of the present century
the business of Streightley and Son recovered itself; and, under the
careful management of old Sam Streightley and his head clerk, Mr.
Fowler, the house became highly esteemed as one of the safest
bill-broking establishments in the City. It was not, however, until
young Mr. Robert, following the bounden career of all the eldest sons
of that family, joined the business, and, after close application, had
thoroughly mastered its details, that fortune could be said to have
smiled steadily on the firm. Young Mr. Robert's views were so large
and his daring so great, that his father, old Mr. Sam, at first stood
aghast, and had to be perpetually supplicated before he gave
permission to experiment on the least hazardous of all the young man's
suggestions; but after the son had been about two years a partner in
the firm it happened that the father was laid up with such a terrible
attack of gout as to be incapable of attending to business for months;
and when he at length obtained the physician's grudging assent to his
visiting the City he found things so prosperous, but withal so totally
changed, that the old gentleman was content to jog down to Bullion
Lane about three times a month until his death, which was not long in
overtaking him.
Prosperous and changed! Yes; no doubt about that. Up that staircase,
hitherto untrodden save by merchants'-clerks leaving bills for
acceptance or notices of bills due; by stags with sham prospectuses of
never-to-be-brought-out companies; or by third-rate City solicitors
giving the quasi-respectability of their names to impotent
semi-swindles, which, though they would never see the light, yet
afforded the means for creating an indisputable and meaty bill of
costs;--up that staircase now came heavy magnates of the City,
directors of the Bank of England, with short ill-made Oxford-mixture
trousers, and puckered coats, and alpaca umbrellas; or natty
stockbrokers, most of them a trifle horsy in garb, all with undeniable
linen, and good though large jewelry, carefully-cultivated whiskers,
and glossy boots. In the little waiting-room might be found an Irish
member of Parliament; the managing director of a great steam-shipping
company; a West-end dandy, with a
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TRANSCRIBER'S NOTES:
1) Passages in italics are surrounded by _underscores_.
2) A few chapter sub-headings do not end with a period. For consistency,
obvious errors have been corrected by ending these with a period.
3) A few obvious misprints where sentences did not end with a period have
been corrected.
4) The words "manoeuvres" and "manoeuvre" use oe ligature in the original.
5) The following misprints have been corrected:
"which we pet in our" corrected to "which we put in our" (page 243
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The Orpheus Series No. 1
THE
HERO IN MAN
BY
A. E.
[Transcriber's note: "A.E." is a pseudonym of George William Russell]
The Orpheus Press, 1910
First Edition (1,000 copies), May, 1909.
Second Edition (1,000 copies), September, 1910.
PRELUDE.
[Greek: _lampadia echontes diadosousin allelois_.]--PLATO.
We who live in the great cities could not altogether avoid, even if we
would, a certain association with the interests of our time. Wherever
we go the minds of men are feverishly debating some new political
measure or some new scheme for the reconstruction of society. Now, as
in olden times, the rumours of an impending war will engulf the subtler
interests of men, and unless we are willing to forego all intercourse
we find ourselves involved in a hundred sympathies. A friendly group
will gather one evening and open their thoughts concerning the
experiences of the soul; they will often declare that only these
matters are of profound interest, and yet on the morrow the most of
them regard the enthusiasms of the mind as far away, unpractical, not
of immediate account. But even at noon the stars are above us and
because a man in material difficulties cannot evoke the highest
experiences that he has known they have not become less real. They
pertain to his immortal nature and if in the circumstance of life he
loses memory of them it is because he is likewise mortal. In the
measure that we develop our interior selves philosophy becomes the most
permanent of our interests and it may well be that the whole aim of Man
is to acquire an unbroken and ever-broadening realisation of the
Supreme Spirit so that in a far-off day he may become the master of all
imaginable conditions. He, therefore, who brings us back to our
central selves and shows us that however far we may wander it is these
high thoughts which are truly the most real--he is of all men our
greatest benefactor.
Now those who thus care for the spiritual aspect of life are of two
kinds,--the intellectual and the imaginative. There are men of keen
intellect who comprehend some philosophic system, who will defend it
with elaborate reasonings and proclaim themselves its adherents, but
the earth at their feet, the stars in the firmament, man himself and
their own souls have undergone no transfiguration. Their philosophies
are lifeless, for imagination is to the intellect what breath is to the
body. Thoughts that never glow with imagination, that are never
applied to all that the sense perceives or the mind remembers--thoughts
that remain quite abstract, are as empty husks of no value.
But there are those who have studied by the light of imagination and
these know well that the inner life of thought, of experiment, and of
wonder, though it may often be over-clouded, is the only life which can
henceforth give them content. They know that it was not when they were
most immersed in the affairs of the day but rather when the whole world
appeared for a little while to be pulsating with an almost
uncontainable splendour, that they were most alive. For the best mood
we have ever known, though it be lost for long, is yet the clearest
revelation of our true selves, and it is then that we learn most nearly
what marvels life may hold.
If we read with imagination the Dialogues of Plato we dwell for a while
among those ardent Greeks for whom the universe was changed by the
words of the poet-philosopher. So too when we read the letter that was
written by Plotinus to Flaccus, perhaps the serenest height the human
soul has ever attained, we become ourselves the recipients. In either
case we feel that we have lived in the presence of a princely soul. It
is an inspiration to realise that we are of the one race with these and
may look out on the same beauty of earth and heaven.
Yet the magic of the mind is not enduring and to dream overlong of a
bygone beauty is to make sorrowful the present. What imaginative
reader of Plato but has desired with a fruitless ardour that he might
in truth have been numbered with those who walked on the daisied lawns
of the Academy, might in truth have heard the voice of the hardly human
initiate, have seen him face to face, have responded to the influence
of his presence? who but would willingly translate his life to another
century if he could but hear Plotinus endeavouring to describe in human
language an ecstasy which makes of man a god?
I know that one may easily injure whatever one most loves by speaking
of it in superlative praise to those who as yet
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[Illustration: "_Yes, surrendered. Haven't you sent for money? Haven't
you given up? Aren't you trying to run away?_"]
HEMPFIELD
_A Novel_
By
DAVID GRAYSON
Author of
"Adventures in Contentment," "Adventures in
Friendship," "The Friendly Road"
[Illustration]
_Illustrated by Thomas Fogarty_
GARDEN CITY
NEW YORK
DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY
1915
_Copyright, 1915, by_
DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
CONTENTS
CHAPTER PAGE
I. I Discover the Printing-office 3
II. I Step Boldly into the Story 23
III. Anthy 37
IV. Enter Mr. Ed Smith 51
V. Nort 71
VI. A Man to Help Fergus 83
VII. Phaeton Drives the Chariot of the _Star_ 101
VIII. Nort and Anthy 118
IX. A Letter to Lincoln 123
X. The Wonderful Day 133
XI. In Which Great Plans Are Evolved, and There Is a
Surprising Event 151
XII. The Explosion 171
XIII. Anthy Takes Command 190
XIV. We Begin the Subjugation of Nort 204
XV. I Get Better Acquainted with Anthy 222
XVI. The Old Captain Comes into His Own 228
XVII. In Which Certain Deep Matters of the Heart Are Presented
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Internet Archive)
Transcriber's Note: Minor typographical errors have been corrected
without note. Irregularities and inconsistencies in the text have
been retained as printed. Words printed in italics are noted with
underscores: _italics_.
THAT LAST WAIF OR SOCIAL QUARANTINE
HORACE FLETCHER'S WORKS
THE A.B.-Z. OF OUR OWN NUTRITION.
Thirteenth thousand. 462 pp.
THE NEW MENTICULTURE; OR,
THE A-B-C OF TRUE LIVING. Forty-Eighth thousand. 310 pp.
THE NEW GLUTTON OR EPICURE; OR,
ECONOMIC NUTRITION. Fifteenth thousand. 344 pp.
HAPPINESS AS FOUND IN FORETHOUGHT MINUS FEARTHOUGHT.
Fourteenth thousand. 251 pp.
THAT LAST WAIF; OR,
SOCIAL QUARANTINE. Sixth thousand. 270 pp.
THAT LAST WAIF
OR
SOCIAL QUARANTINE
A BRIEF
BY
HORACE FLETCHER
_Advocate for the Waifs_
_Fellow American Association for the Advancement of Science_
NEW YORK
FREDERICK A. STOKES COMPANY
1909
MATTHEW, xviii; 1, 2 and 14
1. At the same time came the disciples unto Jesus saying,
Who is the greatest in the kingdom of heaven?
2. And Jesus called a little child unto him, and set him
in the midst of them.
14. Even so it is not the will of your Father which is
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Transcriber's Note:
Inconsistent hyphenation and spelling in the original document have
been preserved. Obvious typographical errors have been corrected.
On page 357, "On the verge of great beetling bastion" was changed
to "On the verge of the great beetling bastion".
On page 377, "on which occasion he have" was changed to "on which
occasion he gave".
On page 388, "the talisman that hangs around my neck" was changed
to the talisman that hangs around thy neck".
Italic text is denoted by _underscores_ and bold text by +plus
signs+.
THE ALHAMBRA
MACMILLAN AND CO., LIMITED
LONDON. BOMBAY.
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Produced by David Edwards and the Online Distributed
Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was
produced from images generously made available by The
Internet Archive)
Transcriber’s Note: As a result of editorial shortcomings in the
original, some reference letters in the text don’t have matching entries
in the reference-lists, and vice versa.
THE HISTORIANS’ HISTORY OF THE WORLD
[Illustration: MOMMSEN]
THE HISTORIANS’
HISTORY
OF THE WORLD
A comprehensive narrative of the rise and development of nations
as recorded by over two thousand of the great writers of all ages:
edited, with the assistance of a distinguished board of advisers
and contributors, by
HENRY SMITH WILLIAMS, LL.D.
[Illustration]
IN TWENTY-FIVE VOLUMES
VOLUME VI--THE EARLY ROMAN EMPIRE
The Outlook Company
New York
The History Association
London
1904
COPYRIGHT, 1904,
BY HENRY SMITH WILLIAMS.
_All rights reserved._
Press of J. J. Little & Co.
Astor Place, New York
Contributors, and Editorial Revisers.
Prof. Adolf Erman, University of Berlin.
Prof. Joseph Halévy, College of France.
Prof. Thomas K. Cheyne, Oxford University.
Prof. Andrew C. McLaughlin, University of Michigan.
Prof. David H. Müller, University of Vienna.
Prof. Alfred Rambaud, University of Paris.
Prof. Eduard Meyer, University of Berlin.
Dr. James T. Shotwell, Columbia University.
Prof. Theodor Nöldeke, University of Strasburg.
Prof. Albert B. Hart, Harvard University.
Dr. Paul Brönnle, Royal Asiatic Society.
Dr. James Gairdner, C.B., London.
Prof. Ulrich von Wilamowitz Möllendorff, University of Berlin.
Prof. H. Marnali, University of Budapest.
Dr. G. W. Botsford, Columbia University.
Prof. Julius Wellhausen, University of Göttingen.
Prof. Franz R. von Krones, University of Graz.
Prof. Wilhelm Soltau, Zabern University.
Prof. R. W. Rogers, Drew Theological Seminary.
Prof. A. Vambéry, University of Budapest.
Prof. Otto Hirschfeld, University of Berlin.
Baron Bernardo di San Severino Quaranta, London.
Prof. F. York Powell, Oxford University.
Dr. John P. Peters, New York.
Dr. S. Rappoport, School of Oriental Languages, Paris.
Prof. Hermann Diels, University of Berlin.
Prof. C. W. C. Oman, Oxford University.
Prof. I. Goldziher, University of Vienna.
Prof. E. C. Fleming, University of West Virginia.
Prof. R. Koser, University of Berlin.
CONTENTS
VOLUME VI
THE EARLY ROMAN EMPIRE
PAGE
THE EARLY ROMAN EMPIRE: A SKETCH, by Dr. Otto Hirschfeld 1
INTRODUCTION
THE SCOPE, THE SOURCES AND THE CHRONOLOGY OF THE HISTORY OF IMPERIAL
ROME 15
CHAPTER XXIX
THE EMPIRE AND THE PROVINCES (15 B.C.-14 A.D.) 25
Augustus makes Egypt his private province, 43. Administration
of the provinces, 47. Army and navy under Augustus, 49.
CHAPTER XXX
THE GERMAN PEOPLE AND THE EMPIRE (16 B.C.-19 A.D.) 56
The German War of Independence against Rome, 59. The battle
of Teutoburg Forest, 64. The campaigns of Germanicus, 69.
Victories of Germanicus, 71. Gruesome relics in Teutoburg
Forest, 72. The return march, 72. Battling with Arminius, 74.
Germanicus recalled to Rome, 76. End of Marboduus and Arminius,
76.
CHAPTER XXXI
THE AGE OF AUGUSTUS: ASPECTS OF ITS CIVILISATION (30 B.C.-14 A.D.) 78
Empire is peace, 78. Comparison between Augustus and Napoleon
III, 80. The Roman Empire compared with modern England, 84. The
Roman constitution, 86. Augustus named imperator for life, 87.
The imperator named Princeps Senatus and Pontifex Maximus, 88.
Tightening the reins of power, 90. Panem et Circenses: Food
and games, 91. Pauperising the masses, 92. Games: Gladiatorial
contests, 94. Races and theatricals, 96. Novum seculum: The
new birth for Rome, 97. Literature of the Golden Age, 101.
Merivale’s estimate of Livy, 107. Livy as the artistic limner
of the Roman people, 109. The spirit of the times, 112.
CHAPTER XXXII
THE LAST YEARS OF AUGUSTUS (21 B.C.-14 A.D.) 116
The personal characteristics of Augustus, 120. A brief résumé
of the character and influence of Augustus, 129.
CHAPTER XXXIII
THE IMMEDIATE SUCCESSORS OF AUGUSTUS: TIBERIUS, CALIGULA, AND
CLAUDIUS (14-54 A.D.) 133
Tiberius (Tiberius Claudius Nero Cæsar), 133. Expeditions
of Germanicus; victory of Idistavisus, 134. Early years of
successful government by Tiberius, 134. Death of Germanicus;
external affairs, 136. Internal government, 142. Velleius
Paterculus eulogises Tiberius, 148. The fall of Sejanus, 151.
Tacitus describes the last days of Tiberius, 154. Suetonius
characterises Tiberius, 156. Merivale’s estimate of Tiberius,
157. The character of the times, 159. Caligula (Caius Julius
Cæsar Caligula), 160. Suetonius describes Caligula, 163.
Claudius (Tiberius Claudius Drusus Cæsar), 168. The misdeeds
of Messallina described by Tacitus, 171. The intrigues of
Agrippina, 176. Tacitus describes the murder of Claudius, 178.
The character of Claudius, 179. The living Claudius eulogised
by Seneca, 180. The dead Claudius satirised by Seneca, 181.
CHAPTER XXXIV
NERO: LAST EMPEROR OF THE HOUSE OF CÆSAR (54-68 A.D.) 184
Nero (Claudius Cæsar Drusus Germanicus), 184. Corbulo and
the East, 186. The Roman province of Britain,
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