Earliest ophthalmic finding in Diabetes mellitus retinopathy
(Microaneurysm) (260- Khurana 4th) (295-P)Microaneurysms in the macular area (The earliest detectable lesions)Ophthalmic features of Non proliferative diabetic retinopathy* Micro aneurysm (Earliest detactable lesions)* Retinal haemorrhages both deep {dot and blot haemorrhages) and superficial haemorrhages {flame-shaped)* Hard exudates - yellowish- white waxy looking patches* Retinal oedema* Cotton - wool spots (If >8, there is high risk of developing PDR)* Venous abnormalities - beading, looping and dilatation* Intraretinal microvascular abnormalities (IRMA)**Hall mark of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) is the occurrence of neovascularization** Moderate loss of vision in DM is due - Macular oedema* Earliest changes of background DR-characteristically effect the small blood vessels. Small dot and blot haemorrhages are common and degeneration of the vessel walls leads to the development of micro aneurysm
Retina
Cotton wool spots
Micro-aneurysm
Flame shaped haemorrhage
Hard exudate
Micro-aneurysm