All of the following are cardinal signs of inflammation except:
Celsus first listed the four cardinal signs of inflammation: rubor (redness), tumor (swelling), calor (heat), and dolor (pain). These signs are hallmarks of acute inflammation. A fifth clinical sign, loss of function (functio laesa), was added by Rudolf Virchow.
Basic Concepts and Vascular changes of Acute Inflammation
Pain
Swelling
Redness
Absence of functional loss
Absence of functional loss