// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
// distributed with this work for additional information
// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
// specific language governing permissions and limitations
// under the License.

//! Defines memory-related functions, such as allocate/deallocate/reallocate memory
//! regions, cache and allocation alignments.

use std::mem::align_of;
use std::ptr::NonNull;
use std::{
    alloc::{handle_alloc_error, Layout},
    sync::atomic::AtomicIsize,
};

// NOTE: Below code is written for spatial/temporal prefetcher optimizations. Memory allocation
// should align well with usage pattern of cache access and block sizes on layers of storage levels from
// registers to non-volatile memory. These alignments are all cache aware alignments incorporated
// from [cuneiform](https://crates.io/crates/cuneiform) crate. This approach mimicks Intel TBB's
// cache_aligned_allocator which exploits cache locality and minimizes prefetch signals
// resulting in less round trip time between the layers of storage.
// For further info: https://software.intel.com/en-us/node/506094

// 32-bit architecture and things other than netburst microarchitecture are using 64 bytes.
/// Cache and allocation multiple alignment size
#[cfg(target_arch = "x86")]
pub const ALIGNMENT: usize = 1 << 6;

// Intel x86_64:
// L2D streamer from L1:
// Loads data or instructions from memory to the second-level cache. To use the streamer,
// organize the data or instructions in blocks of 128 bytes, aligned on 128 bytes.
// - https://www.intel.com/content/dam/www/public/us/en/documents/manuals/64-ia-32-architectures-optimization-manual.pdf
/// Cache and allocation multiple alignment size
#[cfg(target_arch = "x86_64")]
pub const ALIGNMENT: usize = 1 << 7;

// 24Kc:
// Data Line Size
// - https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/downloads-mips/documents/MD00346-2B-24K-DTS-04.00.pdf
// - https://gitlab.e.foundation/e/devices/samsung/n7100/stable_android_kernel_samsung_smdk4412/commit/2dbac10263b2f3c561de68b4c369bc679352ccee
/// Cache and allocation multiple alignment size
#[cfg(target_arch = "mips")]
pub const ALIGNMENT: usize = 1 << 5;
/// Cache and allocation multiple alignment size
#[cfg(target_arch = "mips64")]
pub const ALIGNMENT: usize = 1 << 5;

// Defaults for powerpc
/// Cache and allocation multiple alignment size
#[cfg(target_arch = "powerpc")]
pub const ALIGNMENT: usize = 1 << 5;

// Defaults for the ppc 64
/// Cache and allocation multiple alignment size
#[cfg(target_arch = "powerpc64")]
pub const ALIGNMENT: usize = 1 << 6;

// e.g.: sifive
// - https://github.com/torvalds/linux/blob/master/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/riscv/sifive-l2-cache.txt#L41
// in general all of them are the same.
/// Cache and allocation multiple alignment size
#[cfg(target_arch = "riscv")]
pub const ALIGNMENT: usize = 1 << 6;

// This size is same across all hardware for this architecture.
// - https://docs.huihoo.com/doxygen/linux/kernel/3.7/arch_2s390_2include_2asm_2cache_8h.html
/// Cache and allocation multiple alignment size
#[cfg(target_arch = "s390x")]
pub const ALIGNMENT: usize = 1 << 8;

// This size is same across all hardware for this architecture.
// - https://docs.huihoo.com/doxygen/linux/kernel/3.7/arch_2sparc_2include_2asm_2cache_8h.html#a9400cc2ba37e33279bdbc510a6311fb4
/// Cache and allocation multiple alignment size
#[cfg(target_arch = "sparc")]
pub const ALIGNMENT: usize = 1 << 5;
/// Cache and allocation multiple alignment size
#[cfg(target_arch = "sparc64")]
pub const ALIGNMENT: usize = 1 << 6;

// On ARM cache line sizes are fixed. both v6 and v7.
// Need to add board specific or platform specific things later.
/// Cache and allocation multiple alignment size
#[cfg(target_arch = "thumbv6")]
pub const ALIGNMENT: usize = 1 << 5;
/// Cache and allocation multiple alignment size
#[cfg(target_arch = "thumbv7")]
pub const ALIGNMENT: usize = 1 << 5;

// Operating Systems cache size determines this.
// Currently no way to determine this without runtime inference.
/// Cache and allocation multiple alignment size
#[cfg(target_arch = "wasm32")]
pub const ALIGNMENT: usize = FALLBACK_ALIGNMENT;

// Same as v6 and v7.
// List goes like that:
// Cortex A, M, R, ARM v7, v7-M, Krait and NeoverseN uses this size.
/// Cache and allocation multiple alignment size
#[cfg(target_arch = "arm")]
pub const ALIGNMENT: usize = 1 << 5;

// Combined from 4 sectors. Volta says 128.
// Prevent chunk optimizations better to go to the default size.
// If you have smaller data with less padded functionality then use 32 with force option.
// - https://devtalk.nvidia.com/default/topic/803600/variable-cache-line-width-/
/// Cache and allocation multiple alignment size
#[cfg(target_arch = "nvptx")]
pub const ALIGNMENT: usize = 1 << 7;
/// Cache and allocation multiple alignment size
#[cfg(target_arch = "nvptx64")]
pub const ALIGNMENT: usize = 1 << 7;

// This size is same across all hardware for this architecture.
/// Cache and allocation multiple alignment size
#[cfg(target_arch = "aarch64")]
pub const ALIGNMENT: usize = 1 << 6;

#[doc(hidden)]
/// Fallback cache and allocation multiple alignment size
const FALLBACK_ALIGNMENT: usize = 1 << 6;

///
/// As you can see this is global and lives as long as the program lives.
/// Be careful to not write anything to this pointer in any scenario.
/// If you use allocation methods shown here you won't have any problems.
const BYPASS_PTR: NonNull<u8> = unsafe { NonNull::new_unchecked(ALIGNMENT as *mut u8) };

// If this number is not zero after all objects have been `drop`, there is a memory leak
pub static mut ALLOCATIONS: AtomicIsize = AtomicIsize::new(0);

/// Allocates a cache-aligned memory region of `size` bytes with uninitialized values.
/// This is more performant than using [allocate_aligned_zeroed] when all bytes will have
/// an unknown or non-zero value and is semantically similar to `malloc`.
pub fn allocate_aligned(size: usize) -> NonNull<u8> {
    unsafe {
        if size == 0 {
            // In a perfect world, there is no need to request zero size allocation.
            // Currently, passing zero sized layout to alloc is UB.
            // This will dodge allocator api for any type.
            BYPASS_PTR
        } else {
            ALLOCATIONS.fetch_add(size as isize, std::sync::atomic::Ordering::SeqCst);

            let layout = Layout::from_size_align_unchecked(size, ALIGNMENT);
            let raw_ptr = std::alloc::alloc(layout);
            NonNull::new(raw_ptr).unwrap_or_else(|| handle_alloc_error(layout))
        }
    }
}

/// Allocates a cache-aligned memory region of `size` bytes with `0u8` on all of them.
/// This is more performant than using [allocate_aligned] and setting all bytes to zero
/// and is semantically similar to `calloc`.
pub fn allocate_aligned_zeroed(size: usize) -> NonNull<u8> {
    unsafe {
        if size == 0 {
            // In a perfect world, there is no need to request zero size allocation.
            // Currently, passing zero sized layout to alloc is UB.
            // This will dodge allocator api for any type.
            BYPASS_PTR
        } else {
            ALLOCATIONS.fetch_add(size as isize, std::sync::atomic::Ordering::SeqCst);

            let layout = Layout::from_size_align_unchecked(size, ALIGNMENT);
            let raw_ptr = std::alloc::alloc_zeroed(layout);
            NonNull::new(raw_ptr).unwrap_or_else(|| handle_alloc_error(layout))
        }
    }
}

/// # Safety
///
/// This function is unsafe because undefined behavior can result if the caller does not ensure all
/// of the following:
///
/// * ptr must denote a block of memory currently allocated via this allocator,
///
/// * size must be the same size that was used to allocate that block of memory,
pub unsafe fn free_aligned(ptr: NonNull<u8>, size: usize) {
    if ptr != BYPASS_PTR {
        ALLOCATIONS.fetch_sub(size as isize, std::sync::atomic::Ordering::SeqCst);
        std::alloc::dealloc(
            ptr.as_ptr(),
            Layout::from_size_align_unchecked(size, ALIGNMENT),
        );
    }
}

/// # Safety
///
/// This function is unsafe because undefined behavior can result if the caller does not ensure all
/// of the following:
///
/// * ptr must be currently allocated via this allocator,
///
/// * new_size must be greater than zero.
///
/// * new_size, when rounded up to the nearest multiple of [ALIGNMENT], must not overflow (i.e.,
/// the rounded value must be less than usize::MAX).
pub unsafe fn reallocate(
    ptr: NonNull<u8>,
    old_size: usize,
    new_size: usize,
) -> NonNull<u8> {
    if ptr == BYPASS_PTR {
        return allocate_aligned(new_size);
    }

    if new_size == 0 {
        free_aligned(ptr, old_size);
        return BYPASS_PTR;
    }

    ALLOCATIONS.fetch_add(
        new_size as isize - old_size as isize,
        std::sync::atomic::Ordering::SeqCst,
    );
    let raw_ptr = std::alloc::realloc(
        ptr.as_ptr(),
        Layout::from_size_align_unchecked(old_size, ALIGNMENT),
        new_size,
    );
    NonNull::new(raw_ptr).unwrap_or_else(|| {
        handle_alloc_error(Layout::from_size_align_unchecked(new_size, ALIGNMENT))
    })
}

/// # Safety
///
/// Behavior is undefined if any of the following conditions are violated:
///
/// * `src` must be valid for reads of `len * size_of::<u8>()` bytes.
///
/// * `dst` must be valid for writes of `len * size_of::<u8>()` bytes.
///
/// * Both `src` and `dst` must be properly aligned.
///
/// `memcpy` creates a bitwise copy of `T`, regardless of whether `T` is [`Copy`]. If `T` is not
/// [`Copy`], using both the values in the region beginning at `*src` and the region beginning at
/// `*dst` can [violate memory safety][read-ownership].
pub unsafe fn memcpy(dst: NonNull<u8>, src: NonNull<u8>, count: usize) {
    if src != BYPASS_PTR {
        std::ptr::copy_nonoverlapping(src.as_ptr(), dst.as_ptr(), count)
    }
}

pub fn is_ptr_aligned<T>(p: NonNull<u8>) -> bool {
    p.as_ptr().align_offset(align_of::<T>()) == 0
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;

    #[test]
    fn test_allocate() {
        for _ in 0..10 {
            let p = allocate_aligned(1024);
            // make sure this is 64-byte aligned
            assert_eq!(0, (p.as_ptr() as usize) % 64);
            unsafe { free_aligned(p, 1024) };
        }
    }
}
