Shodhganga Collection: 2021-07-27T06:38:16Z 2021-07-27T06:38:16Z Design Construction and Performance Analysis of Vertical Constructed Wetland Units for Treatment of Dairy Farm Wastewater 2021-05-13T05:46:10Z Title: Design Construction and Performance Analysis of Vertical Constructed Wetland Units for Treatment of Dairy Farm Wastewater Abstract: newline Wastewater discharged from a dairy farm contains a pH of 6.5 to 8.5 dissolved solids suspended solids sulphates phosphates nitrogen compounds oil and grease etc Since this wastewater contains inorganic salts casein detergents and sanitizers needed at the time of washing, it is responsible for increasing the organic matter content (BOD 1500 mg L-1 and COD 3000 mg L-1) in the wastewater This wastewater is released into the nearby water body or land before treating properly thus results in serious health and environmental issues Dairy influents can degrade very quickly and decrease the dissolved oxygen (DO) levels of the recipient water bodies The recipient water bodies may become a home for breeding of disease causing flies as well as other insects which is dangerous for human beings Increased concentration of dairy wastes in the receiving water bodies is also harmful for the survival of aquatic life Dairy influent depletes the DO levels increases anaerobic conditions causes taste and odour problems imparts colour and turbidity and also promotes eutrophication Thus discharge of dairy wastewater into streams lakes and rivers disturb the ecological balance by polluting water air and biodiversity Hence it is very essential for a prompt and adequate treatment before disposing into the environment newlineFor treating such medium to high strength pollutant containing wastewater Constructed Wetlands (CWs) have proved to be very efficient alternative CWs are man-made engineered water purifying systems which act as natural wetland filters in several ways such as treatment mechanisms vegetation filter substrates and microbial communities CWs consists of impermeable clay synthetic liners and engineered configurations for maintaining fluid flow fluid retention time and water level Primary components responsible for constructing a CW includes fluid filter media microorganisms and surface vegetation These systems basically depend on aerobic and anaerobic microbial activities and the fluid flows through filter substrates CONTROL OF SELECTED PLANT DISEASES WITH BIO CONTROL AGENTS IN UTTARAKHAND HILLS 2018-07-05T14:12:38Z Title: CONTROL OF SELECTED PLANT DISEASES WITH BIO CONTROL AGENTS IN UTTARAKHAND HILLS Abstract: The future of organic farming and sustainable agriculture will increasingly rely on the integration of various biological and eco-friendly tools. Biological methods of farming are reducing the use of agrochemicals and their residues in the environment, water, soil and in food commodities. The present study focused on the major disease occurrence in cereals, pulses and off-season vegetable crops and effect of native and commercial bio-control agents (individual and consortium) on plant growth promoting activity and disease control. newlineA random survey was carried out in 22 different locations of Uttarakhand hills to observe disease occurrence and incidences. The survey results indicated disease incidence of root rot in vegetable Pea and French bean between 8.8 to 35.4 % and 5.4 to 29.4 % respectively. The infected root rot disease seedlings were collected and pathogens were isolated in the laboratory. The pathogenicity tests of causal organisms (pathogen of complex of root rot of Pea and French bean) were conducted by Koch s postulates method. Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium solani and the complex of R. solani and F. solani was identified as a pathogen of root rot complex disease. Based on the prevalence and disease incidence root rot complex disease of vegetable Pea and French bean was selected for carrying out field experiments. newlineFrench bean and vegetable Pea are short duration crops which can be grown under different cropping patterns in Uttarakhand hills. During the survey, it has been observed that the crop losses are probably greater from root rot complex diseases than from any other type of diseases in Uttarakhand hills. Thus damage is usually severe in wet seasons. For control of root rot disease complex, experiments were conducted with eight treatments with three replications of each treatment, applying three bio-agents i.e. Trichoderma harzianum, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Trichoderma virens. Experiments were conducted in research block at State Training and Research Centre for Organic Farming Majkhali (Ranikhe