Visions of Social Change

‘Tis the season… to think about how to change the world. Approaching a new year, I donate stuff from my closets and drawers that I don’t need but hope someone else does, and think about what I could contribute to a bigger, global picture. For me, this starts with ‘in my wildest dreams, what would l like to happen?’ 

As I compiled my list, I noticed parallels to the missions and visions of some large corporations. Below are my dreams of what an idealized outcome might be in realizing these visions. Some might make us a better society, others may impact at a personal level. 

CompanyMission or Vision or GoalsIdealized Outcome
Facebookgive people the power to build community1community where everyone is welcome and accepted without envy, judgement or competitiveness, and treated fairly and with respect
Googleorganize the world’s information and make it universally accessible and useful2including information on how to gauge the quality of information so none of it is misinterpreted or can be misused
Amazonhelp consumers find, discover and buy anything3that they need
Applewhile it’s a little different now, at the time of founding it was to make tools that allowed advancement of humankind 4and pop-up ads are impossible
Pfizer(my paraphrasing) apply science to develop projects to improve healthcare for everyone5with global access to, and general understanding of, the scientific basis of new vaccines and medicines
Twitterto bring our company and community together as a force for good6with an appreciation of different perspectives
lululemonmy interpretation of the Manifesto is support for striving towards personal achievement7with knowledge that pursuing goals of self improvement are of primary importance and the clothes are nice but secondary
Nike(my paraphrasing) expand human potential by creating groundbreaking sport innovations8and understanding the absolute value in physical fitness

This is a powerful list. If we haven’t made it to the state I suggest in the idealized outcome box, the missions have not failed, there are ongoing. There are more challenges to be addressed.

This is what I think would be great contributions to society:

  • truly supportive social media
  • the power to utilize the massive amount of information we have available for social good
  • science-based medical care (and information)
  • universal access to medical care (and true information)
  • embracing diversity
  • less spam, everywhere, because at minimum its annoying and at worse it can be manipulative
  • anything that improves general physical fitness for anyone. I’m passionate about fitness and believe its benefits can extend to all parts of a person’s life and to the impact each individual can have. 

Corporate visions and missions are often scoffed at as mere marketing tools, but entrepreneurs start ventures with visions of making the world a better place, helping people, or addressing social issues. I admire founders for striving towards lofty goals. 

Let’s keep dreaming!










The Value of a Tomato

This should be simple. A commodity, with known nutritional content and availability. Well established supply and demand and therefore pricing. But it’s much more complex.

Obviously the value of any given thing rests with the holder, buyer or seller of the thing. If you don’t like tomatoes, aren’t part of the tomato value chain and don’t invest in tomato sales, you probably don’t give a flying sauce for the value of a tomato.

But this post is about how value is derived. Hater of tomatoes or not, there’s a lesson about the value proposition in this story.

As many entrepreneurial ventures do, it began as I wondered what value growing tomatoes had to me. I start seeds in March, nurture baby plants until they’re ready to go outside in May, pour water and fertilizer on them throughout the summer, and provide support until they yield fruits a compelling shade of red. It’s not deep, blood, pinkish, rosy, blushing, inflamed or sports car red. Just a simple, sunny red. 

To a friend, I lamented that critters ate my tomatoes. She suggested the local grocery store had the solution. Admittedly, they do provide tomatoes, if that’s the only goal.

Why do I grow tomatoes?

  • entertainment – the process of planting, watching for growth, discussing garden progress with fellow gardeners, watching YouTube to cure plant ills and increase yield
  • exercise – gardening provides both heavy (turning over soil) and light exercise (walking about the yard, bending, tying and weeding)
  • challenge – choosing the right varieties of seeds, dealing with varying weather conditions, generally managing the flock (the green flock)
  • thrift – growing your own seems like a more cost effective approach to obtaining tomatoes than the store; however, factoring in water, purchased soil, fertilizer and my time may render this untrue.
  • quality – tomatoes from the garden taste great. No question about superior flavour. I make my own tomato sauce, enough to last the year, which I prefer to the stuff in bottles and cans that the grocery store sells. 
  • satisfaction – there is nothing like the feeling of dashing out to the backyard and picking food you grew yourself, know is healthy, and tastes really good. To me, it feels both natural, like the natural order of the world (I have contributed to nurturing the earth1 while acting as a conscientious member of the global community) and productive – I grow my own food – I am self sufficient. 
  • spiritual – this is who I want to be – the person that is self sustaining, that protects the environment as far as I can. When I grow tomatoes, I find peace. 

I’m a fan of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs2. Fulfilling needs is a central part of the value proposition. Maslow’s theory is that humans are motived by a series of needs that they fulfill sequentially. The type of need grows more complex as the hierarchy is ascended with more complex human goals. Basic needs, required to sustain life like food and water, are at the bottom of the pyramid. Next, come the means to ensure safety and security, like shelter and means of communication. In the middle ground are social aspects, like love and companionship. Near the top are needs to be respected, recognized and free. The pinnacle is self actualization, reflected in the need to grow and achieve the best one can be. Once people have the lower order needs satisfied, they seek to achieve the next level. Have sufficient food, water and a roof over your head, then next you seek a social circle. 

Home grown tomatoes satisfy all levels of need in Maslow’s hierarchy. Here’s Ann’s hierarchy of the value of growing tomatoes:

That’s a whole lot of needs being satisfied by a packet of seeds, tools, soil conditioners, watering cans, straw hats, and other accessories used to grow tomatoes. For many customers, the buying decisions are rooted in a variety of motivations. Has this answered what the value proposition is for home grown tomatoes? It’s complex and likely a different combination of the various aspects illustrated above for every person who grows tomatoes.

Why do I grow tomatoes? 

Bruschetta. Sliced tomatoes on toast. Pasta sauce. Salad. Caponata. Chicken cacciatori. Gumbo. Curries. …ummm


1Growing food in the backyard not only improves the local ecosystem by increasing the amount of greenery and the CO2 balance but also saves the fossil fuel that I would burn if I drove to buy tomatoes trucked into a store. I also suspect the agricultural approach I take is less invasive to the earth than industrial farming that produces the tomatoes in the canned sauce.

2Here is a general description:

The Restart: Opportunity spotting.

Whispers of restarting the economy are building into conversations and escalating into announcements. Now is a tricky time to be an entrepreneur, or anyone running a business – starting one, restarting one, continuing one.

Business 101 teaches that successful firms deliver what customers1want. One way to spot opportunities is to consider whether customers want the same thing as they wanted B.C.2

Opportunities will exist to deliver on emerging demand. Some businesses are already prepared to supply, others many need to reposition. I see many avenues for shifts in customer needs:

  1. Sudden spikes in things people couldn’t get during isolation. The intensity may be short term but play out over several cycles with phasing in of economic restarts and if there are resurgences of infection.
  2. Specific products related to continuing the fight against the pandemic.
  3. Declining interest in items people realize they don’t actually want or need.
  4. Impacts of economic contraction.
  5. New needs that evolve from whatever odd things we’ve been doing in isolation.
  6. Longer term shifts.

Here’s few of my thoughts on each of the above. There are many more possibilities in each category and likely other categories I haven’t mentioned. The scope of possible opportunities is broad.

1. Sudden huge demands for existing goods and services:

  • Dining out. I’d predict this is a need to share a meal with friends, rather than a need for restaurant food. Many of us have been ordering more takeout than usual to support the restaurant industry.
  • Personal care: haircuts, manicures etc.
  • Healthcare for NON-Covid stuff. Many treatments have been postponed in the past couple of months. There is pent up demand for all the care that has been placed on hold during our isolation, including in allied fields, like dentistry, physiotherapy, and many more.
  • Entertainment: movies, sporting events, concerts, art galleries, museums, etc.
  • Deferred property maintenance. Many office and public buildings have sat unattended over the past two months that will need HVAC, plumbing and other systems upkeep. All this deferred maintenance provides opportunity for new entrants.

Over-demand will eventually be satisfied and decline to ‘normal’ levels of consumption. The opportunity is to attract new customers and a create a stable business, either as a new entrant or incumbent in the industry. If I were a leader in the industry, I’d try to meet the short-term request landslide, as failure to do so is likely to result in decreased marketshare.

2. Ongoing needs to fight the COV.

Clearly, PPE (everyone knows what this means now, right). Vaccines, drugs to treat COV infection. Floor stickers to remind people to stay 6 ft apart. Video conferencing. Health inspections. One of the most creative suggestions I heard recently was a need for pandemic planning for large organizations3. All kinds of services related to keeping us apart, sanitized and isolated if we have active infection.

3. What will we realize we no longer need? Questions that lurk in my mind:

  • how will the concept that pollution has significantly declined while we have all stopped commuting to work and generally running around in our fossil fuel burning conveyances play out?
  • how much working from home will continue as selected firms and employees discover efficiencies?
  • which things that we previously viewed as critical will be abandoned post COV – fancy office settings, pre-made bread, elementary school teachers (unlikely but I had to throw it out there)?

An interesting story I’m drawn to, because I wouldn’t have predicted it: music streaming has decreased (for example ) . I would have thought people would have more time to listen to music. The key to finding the opportunity is understanding why something happens, especially if everyone is doing it for the same reason.

Pay attention to what surprises you, there may be opportunity there.

4. The predicted economic fallout suggests that there will be fewer people with employment and even those with a job will be more cautious in their spending habits due to uncertainty and economic downturn. What do cautious people want to buy, compared to optimistic, high-spending people?

Cautious wants: insurance, personal protection devices, low cost goods, value items rather than luxury items, seeds to grow vegetables.

Optimistic wants: loans, vacations, bling for the self, office, and garden, gourmet food experiences.

5. Recovering from the things done in isolation.

Stockpiling of food and cleaning supplies has happened. Either the food banks will be well supplied with canned goods for years to come or there will be a market for creative approaches to utilizing 18 bags of pasta, a dozen cans of peas, and a flat of pineapple chunks.

Similarly, I suspect many people started DIY home renovation projects: Torn out the paneling in the basement, drawn up plans for a second level in the garage, taken the sink apart in the extra bathroom. The appetite for finishing these projects may evapourate when out of the home distractions become available. Home renovation services may expand to finish the unfinished DIYs.

What are we going to do with all the PPE when we don’t need them any more, even after keeping a good supply? There will be a need to recycle a few billion N95 masks soon. There must be a business model for reclaiming the materials in face shields.

6. Long term. One thing that is sure to linger for years is the cost of the government subsidy programs that have kept us afloat during our internment. Ultimately, these will need to be paid for, through higher taxes, probably personal and business. This may mean restrictive economic times in the future.

The cost of business will likely increase. Take home lessons from the current economic situation include that redundancy is smart. J.I.T. is risky. Outsourcing can be tricky if international borders close down or local economies are disrupted. More control, less low cost. I hear inflation rumbling on the horizon, like a thunderstorm on a humid July day.

Rainbows follow the torrential rains of thunderstorms. I hope the world can look new in a good way. Opportunities are out there.


1This applies to either business or individual customers.

2B.C. Before Covid-19.

3Apologies to whoever said it. I’ve been to too many Zoom-inars, gathering fabulous information, and it’s all blurred into the cosmos of great ideas.

Non-Routine Work from Home Routines

Like many people, 9 to 5, 8 to 4, or whatever, isn’t me. One of the things I loved about running my own business was that I never knew what I’d be doing next month.

Now, my schedule completely changes every four months. Each day of the week is always different. My natural rhythm, despite decades of trying to conform, has me sleeping until 9:00 am and awake till 1:00 am if at all possible. Plus, I hate sameness.

This makes the idea of maintaining my work routine at home nonsense. Below are my practices for working from home for the free-spirited. Some are the same as many guides to working from home, some directly oppose conventional wisdom.

1. Sleep till whenever1. One of the good things about COVID cloistering is that I get enough sleep. I’m definitely not setting the alarm for earlier than is natural for me to get up. Most people have a time they naturally get up. Go with – it may be your regular time anyway, either that or you weren’t getting enough sleep before. If you are get enough sleep, you will naturally go to bed at the same time each night. Awesome routine.

2. Keep doing enjoyable things in some semblance of B.C. (before Covid). I’m addicted to fitness. B.C. I did strength training classes three times a week. I still do strength training three days a week. I wrote out a routine, much like the instructor delivered, which takes 55 minutes and do it all. Otherwise, it’s tempting to wander off after 3 jumping jacks. I substitute 30 minutes of brisk rowing in the basement for 30 minutes of brisk walking.

3. Eat regularly and normally. That said, take advantage of being at home. I like oatmeal, so I have hot cereal in place of the muffin I had on the train on the way to work. Snacking is hard to avoid at home, but easier to resist if you aren’t hungry. I tell myself that after I eat salad for lunch, I can have chips later. Sometimes I don’t get around to the chips before dinner.

4. Mix work with family life. Sage advice is to get up from your desk at least once an hour. So, stir the stew and add the carrots. Or take one load of laundry out of the washer and put another one in. Enjoy being at home. I work on the couch, because I can be productive there. Ask family for their opinion on what you’re working on. They may have great ideas.

5. Shower etc. when it makes sense, not to begin the day. If I’m going to do a couple hours of work, then work out, following up with a shower makes sense. I make a conscious effort to take advantage of being at home, rather then trying to fool myself into thinking I’m ‘going’ to work.

6. Know what your work goals are. To put all this flex sleeping, exercising, and doing household chores into context, I decide the night before what work I need to get done the next day. As long as that happens, everything is good.

More conventional aspects of routine that makes sense to me:

1. Limit checking the news. I read the news and check the COVID epidemiologically data once a day, in the morning, laying in bed. B.C., I read the news and checked the weather laying in bed in the morning.

2. I reach out when there is a the need. To friends, business colleagues, medical professionals. It’s tough in here, for all of us in our own ways, but also in many common ways.

3. Wear WTF. Seriously, if the world is going to hell in hand-basket, I’m travelling in yoga pants.

4. Count blessings. Working from home relieves the stress of the commute and gives me more time. I am healthy. I have enough to eat, I have a job.


1Sorry, if you have an 8am call, you gotta get up before then. 

Finding Hope in the fight against COV.

First, let me be clear what I mean when I say, I’m convinced the world will never be the same again (previous post).

I’m NOT talking apocalyptic stuff. I mean different. A little more of this, a little less of that.

It’s early days so anything specific is mere conjecture. In addition to the toll from viral infection, many of us are likely to be impacted economically and socially. Many already are.

We can see inklings of change. In our current stasis, there is big demand for fulfilling online orders, creating jobs along the path from merchandise collection from the warehouse to delivery to the customer’s door. Many small scale operations, if they provide a make-at-home product, like beer, may see demand like they’ve never experienced before. Of course, there is a huge need for medical supplies right now, gloves, face masks, ventilators and more, and manufacturers are increasing production and retooling if they can.

I suspect this will be the end of physical money. We were already on our way there, this crisis will push us faster.

Spending so much time at home, working and playing, people are likely to realize they don’t need some of the things they are used to consuming, like maybe mascara or beer in a plastic cup1. On the other hand, there may be new interests developed. I gather there is a surge in interest in home gardening, especially of vegetables2.

And then, there’s the financial markets. Some people will see a decline in their net worth due to the contraction of the stock markets. What will this do to the economy? Assuming those heavily invested are not depending on these investments to buy groceries next week, it could delay retirements, make investors cautious and slow corporate growth, decrease demand for ultra-high end goods. On the other hand, it might create an environment with investors receptive to new share issues if they perceive they are getting a discount rate. Real estate values are bound to be impacted. (Can you hear the dominos clacking into one another, creating a new configuration?)

People with stable employment will suddenly have an excess of spending money because they can’t buy basketball tickets, trips to the Bahamas, or exotic dinners out. Where will the discretionary spending go? One great idea I’ve seen is restaurant bonds. People are paying to dine in the future at restaurants whose doors are currently closed.

I’ve only scratched the surface of the potential ways the COV could change our lives. None of us know exactly where we will end up. The point is, I believe we have choices that can shape our future, and this hope is empowering.

1These suggestions are based on my personal experience. 

2To avoid potential shortages in grocery stores. 

Fighting the COV.

Having been raised by a librarian that married a fightin’ Irish man, I’m prone to turn to books in the first round of battling a new scourge. 

Here are two books I bought recently (online, off course). The titles echo where I’m coming from and where I intend to go.1

I want to fight the COVID-19, coronavirus thing. But it’s sneaky, so the fight needs to be carefully planned. General outbursts of bravado and charging into dangerous situations isn’t going to work.

Here is where I’ll begin, and in the coming days, continue with my thoughts about how to survive, prosper and flourish in our new world. Because I am convinced the world will never be the same again. And we can make that a good thing.


1I haven’t read either yet so I don’t know if they are going the same place I am.

Creative Destruction of Promotion

Is there anything an astute consumer can’t find a coupon, discount code or deal for? A proliferation of apps that comparison shop, website archive, or flyer scrape suggests not. We could be on the verge of creative destruction of promotional offers as we know them.

The many sites with ‘best coupon apps’ lists says it all.1Coupon apps are so abundant, we need a directory of directories to sort through them. Meaning there is nothing special about getting a coupon. Anyone with a phone has access to dozens.

Meaning there is a feeding frenzy going on as one business tries to build another business out of the business of being a lower priced business that the other business. Head spinning? Yes – that’s what I think is going on. It could be a pyramid scheme of promotions. Or a usurpting of the original purpose of the coupon.

But wait. The basic idea behind promotion is an enticement to allow consumers to experience the product and learn all its benefits. To turn lookers into buyers. Product manufacturers should benefit from the coupon apps, as their promotions reach a wider audience. Win – win – win. Apps get downloaded – consumers get deals – manufacturers sell stuff.

Why am I prophetizing the end of such promotions?

Back to the strategic importance of marketing for a moment. Retailers issue coupons to draw potential buyers’ attention (build awareness), to remind buyers of their product (attract repeat customers), or make their price competitive (low cost competition).

Currently, customer rewards, or loyalty programs, are over-running retail like bunnies during a fox-pox. Marketers are amped up on attracting repeat customers through loyalty programs. Ideally, these programs bring mutual benefits to the customer and firm, through ongoing association. Customers make their lives simpler through brand loyalty, knowing a trusted vendor to go to buy their things. Businesses enjoy the financial benefits of repeat customers, as the acquistion costs tend to be lower. Loyalty to a well differentiation brand shouldn’t need incentivation, in my opinion. If customers are really getting value from the brand they will be repeat customers, regardless of the coupon. If the only reason a customer has made a purchase is the coupon, the competitive strategy might need reconsideration.

Back to the coupon app destroying the coupon. It’s their general availability that I wonder about. Some implications:

  • First, there’s the target market. Sure, everyone wants a lower price but who do the coupons target? 1. Coupon clippers. People who enjoy spending time searching for deals, collecting them and getting satisfaction from enjoying the rewards (saving money). The apps must take this away from the market segment. There is no effort required any more. But the saving money part is intact. 2. The price conscious consumers. These apps are appealing, but so would any other low price strategy. 
  • Some coupons are offered for social benefit to people who require them. If the apps open this advantage to everyone, it’s no longer a benefit.2
  • If many retailers adopt the ‘we will price match’ tactic, this could be a route to the equivalent of price fixing. Or bankruptcy if retailers are unable to meet low prices in a way that sustains the business. Ubiquituous coupons force all competitors into an everyday low price strategy, rather than a high-low approach, which may be closer to the original intent of coupons. 

There’s a psychological appeal to the coupon. A limited time offer. A limited offer. This is the enticement. It’s special, for some reason, be it loyalty program, circumstance, timing, or target group. Generally, this would be part of the business’ goal in issuing promotions. If the goal is to compete on price, which is the outcome of making coupons broadly available, then execution through coupons is at best deceptive and at worst uncontrolled, and generally unnecessarily awkward (easier to set the low price). Coupons appeal to customers because if they have one, it makes them special. They appeal to the vendor because it’s a short term tactic, not a permanent situation.

Literally, creative destruction would mean someone got creative and destroyed something, which is what I think could happen with coupon apps run amok. The theoretical creative destruction, wherein new products create a new economic order, isn’t in effect here. The new product establishes itself and makes obsolete the previous approaches, like cars and horse-drawn carriages.

Coupon apps may disrupt the strategies of the companies that issue and honour the coupons, which may adversely effect the apps based on them. All fall down?

1For example:;; and I could go on.

2This assumes that the offering company was taking a hit to offer the product at a reduced rate to specific customers in need.

The GUIey Middle of Artificial Intelligence

The basic premise of artificial intelligence, to use enormous amounts of data to find out new things, is easy to grasp. If any one of us had the time and stamina to study a million photos or stories about a thing, I’m sure we’d come up with insights about it too. 

Business products emerging from current applications of artificial intelligence are also logical and simple to get your head around. Smart thermostats sell because they are convenient and deliver energy savings. Marketing approaches that analyze shopping patterns to suggest items people are likely to buy are winners in retail for their potential to increase sales.

How does AI get from data analysis to creating desirable products? In diagram version, this seems to me:

A few hypothetical1examples:

1. Using AI to improve diagnosis of medical images. Input: One hundred thousand pathology slides of renal cancer and one hundred thousand slides of normal kidney tissue. Outcome: Improved differentiation between normal and malignant kidney biopsies. Doctors win because the accuracy of diagnosis increases, saving healthcare costs by prescribing the right treatment for patients. Patients win because they are either can carry on their lives disease-free or have greater certainty in the treatment they need.

Mysterious GUIey2inside: What is the AI looking at to distinguish between normal and cancerous cells in pathology slides?

2. Using AI to improve traffic flow. Input: Every car in the city communicates its starting point, destination, and real time location to a central database. The goal is to send a uniform volume of traffic via every available route so that none are over-used or under-used. The outcome is a clear win – optimum travel efficiency for everyone, saving time, auto costs and impact to the environment by decreasing energy consumption.

Mysterious inside: What is AI doing to manage all the permutations and combinations to direct even traffic flow?

The two examples are different. In the first one, the criteria AI uses to distinguish between normal and malignant cells are the mystery. Pathologists could list the traits they use to make a decision when looking down a microscope, but is AI using the same ones? In the second, it’s the speed and capacity to deal with volumes of users that’s amazing. It’s not difficult to suggest the best route for your mother to take home, based on knowledge of traffic patterns at the time of day in your home town, but who could do that for 3 million occupants of a city simultaneously?

I’ve read that we are unlikely to be able to extract the GUIey middle3from AI supported processes, due to the iterative nature of the learning. When a person really understands what they are doing, they can explain it. If a chef tells you their sumptuous meal resulted from ‘a little of this, a little of that’, they likely know exactly what went into the dish, but aren’t telling to protect their trade secrets. If my mechanic tells me they are basing the diagnosis of what’s wrong with my car on some data from other cars but doesn’t know which models or what kind of data, I’m looking for another mechanic.

Is not knowing how AI works any different than not knowing the detailed working of automobiles, or any other complex object or process in modern life – elevators, mortgage documents, dental implants? The fundamentals of the car I get – the energy of exploding fossil fuel is converted into angular momentum that torques the axels and moves me, in my steel and plastic carriage, to where I want to go. The business model is also easy – the speed and convenience of reaching destinations in relative comfort with the added efficiency of carting a group of people, sheets of drywall, or my dogs with me. There is someone who can explain ABS brakes, how the muffler is connected to the engine, and all the other components that make a car function. With AI, either by design or trade secret, the explanation is hidden.

We need to know the mysterious processes that AI systems use to derive new knowledge from the volumes of data consumed. Forget proprietary algorithms. This is brave new territory we are entering and transparency is important so we can be sure we are operating safely and ethically.4

History is full of examples of embracing new things without a full understanding of the implications5. From that, a machine would learn that we need to know how things work before we can use them safely.


1Both of my examples are likely to be real enterprises but staying hypothetical is better for this discussion.

2This is a pun on GUI type computer interfaces, which use icons, rather than typed commands, to tell computers what to do. GUIs make programming simpler. I’m suggesting by making things simpler with AI, we are making them less transparent, dissectable or amendable to understanding how the parts work together to create the whole. Less concrete. More gooey. Gooey-er. Soft and flowing, changing shape easily.

3I do know that the process AI uses is a very large series of logic functions, of the sort: if X does Y, then A is the outcome. If X, K and J, do B, then L is likely to happen. If X does Y but K does something else, and it’s Tuesday, then Blue is the right answer. Etc. Oh, and the AI may start with a bunch of logic statements but change them on the fly as more data comes in or if in testing a hypothesis, it doesn’t deliver satisfactory answers.

4For many examples, read ‘Weapons of Math Destruction’ by Cathy O’Neil

5A few examples that spring to mind – nuclear weapons, cigarettes, social media, plastic, many types of home insulation, lead paint, breeding of dogs, trans-fats, mortgage backed securities.

Destructive Creative Destruction




What has been disrupted by plastic?














4Kidding, kryptonite isn’t on the list, it isn’t real.

The Entrepreneur as Customer


People laugh, which is fine. I am serious.













2Where the thumb bone connects to the wrist bone.

