view src/hotspot/share/runtime/safepoint.cpp @ 54938:5d20b085d893

8203469: Faster safepoints Reviewed-by: dcubed, pchilanomate, dholmes, acorn, coleenp, eosterlund
author rehn
date Fri, 15 Feb 2019 14:15:10 +0100
parents 043ae846819f
children b22d8ae270a2
line wrap: on
line source
 * Copyright (c) 1997, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
 * published by the Free Software Foundation.
 * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
 * accompanied this code).
 * or visit if you need additional information or have any
 * questions.

#include "precompiled.hpp"
#include "classfile/classLoaderDataGraph.inline.hpp"
#include "classfile/stringTable.hpp"
#include "classfile/symbolTable.hpp"
#include "classfile/systemDictionary.hpp"
#include "code/codeCache.hpp"
#include "code/icBuffer.hpp"
#include "code/nmethod.hpp"
#include "code/pcDesc.hpp"
#include "code/scopeDesc.hpp"
#include "gc/shared/collectedHeap.hpp"
#include "gc/shared/gcLocker.hpp"
#include "gc/shared/strongRootsScope.hpp"
#include "gc/shared/workgroup.hpp"
#include "interpreter/interpreter.hpp"
#include "jfr/jfrEvents.hpp"
#include "logging/log.hpp"
#include "logging/logStream.hpp"
#include "memory/resourceArea.hpp"
#include "memory/universe.hpp"
#include "oops/oop.inline.hpp"
#include "oops/symbol.hpp"
#include "runtime/atomic.hpp"
#include "runtime/compilationPolicy.hpp"
#include "runtime/deoptimization.hpp"
#include "runtime/frame.inline.hpp"
#include "runtime/handles.inline.hpp"
#include "runtime/interfaceSupport.inline.hpp"
#include "runtime/mutexLocker.hpp"
#include "runtime/orderAccess.hpp"
#include "runtime/osThread.hpp"
#include "runtime/safepoint.hpp"
#include "runtime/safepointMechanism.inline.hpp"
#include "runtime/signature.hpp"
#include "runtime/stubCodeGenerator.hpp"
#include "runtime/stubRoutines.hpp"
#include "runtime/sweeper.hpp"
#include "runtime/synchronizer.hpp"
#include "runtime/thread.inline.hpp"
#include "runtime/threadSMR.hpp"
#include "runtime/timerTrace.hpp"
#include "services/runtimeService.hpp"
#include "utilities/events.hpp"
#include "utilities/macros.hpp"
#ifdef COMPILER1
#include "c1/c1_globals.hpp"

static void post_safepoint_begin_event(EventSafepointBegin& event,
                                       uint64_t safepoint_id,
                                       int thread_count,
                                       int critical_thread_count) {
  if (event.should_commit()) {

static void post_safepoint_cleanup_event(EventSafepointCleanup& event, uint64_t safepoint_id) {
  if (event.should_commit()) {

static void post_safepoint_synchronize_event(EventSafepointStateSynchronization& event,
                                             uint64_t safepoint_id,
                                             int initial_number_of_threads,
                                             int threads_waiting_to_block,
                                             uint64_t iterations) {
  if (event.should_commit()) {

static void post_safepoint_wait_blocked_event(EventSafepointWaitBlocked& event,
                                              uint64_t safepoint_id,
                                              int initial_threads_waiting_to_block) {
  if (event.should_commit()) {

static void post_safepoint_cleanup_task_event(EventSafepointCleanupTask& event,
                                              uint64_t safepoint_id,
                                              const char* name) {
  if (event.should_commit()) {

static void post_safepoint_end_event(EventSafepointEnd& event, uint64_t safepoint_id) {
  if (event.should_commit()) {

// Implementation of Safepoint begin/end

SafepointSynchronize::SynchronizeState volatile SafepointSynchronize::_state = SafepointSynchronize::_not_synchronized;
int SafepointSynchronize::_waiting_to_block = 0;
volatile uint64_t SafepointSynchronize::_safepoint_counter = 0;
const uint64_t SafepointSynchronize::InactiveSafepointCounter = 0;
int SafepointSynchronize::_current_jni_active_count = 0;
long SafepointSynchronize::_end_of_last_safepoint = 0;

WaitBarrier* SafepointSynchronize::_wait_barrier;

// We need a place to save the desc since it is released before we need it.
static char stopped_description[64] = "";
static bool _vm_is_waiting = false;

static volatile bool PageArmed = false;        // safepoint polling page is RO|RW vs PROT_NONE
static bool timeout_error_printed = false;

// Statistic related
julong SafepointSynchronize::_coalesced_vmop_count = 0;
static jlong _safepoint_begin_time = 0;
static float _ts_of_current_safepoint = 0.0f;
static volatile int _nof_threads_hit_polling_page = 0;

void SafepointSynchronize::init(Thread* vmthread) {
  // WaitBarrier should never be destroyed since we will have
  // threads waiting on it while exiting.
  _wait_barrier = new WaitBarrier(vmthread);

void SafepointSynchronize::increment_jni_active_count() {
  assert(Thread::current()->is_VM_thread(), "Only VM thread may increment");

void SafepointSynchronize::decrement_waiting_to_block() {
  assert(_waiting_to_block > 0, "sanity check");
  assert(Thread::current()->is_VM_thread(), "Only VM thread may decrement");

static bool thread_not_running(ThreadSafepointState *cur_state) {
  if (!cur_state->is_running()) {
    return true;
  if (!cur_state->is_running()) {
    return true;
  LogTarget(Trace, safepoint) lt;
  if (lt.is_enabled()) {
    ResourceMark rm;
    LogStream ls(lt);
  return false;

#ifdef ASSERT
static void assert_list_is_valid(const ThreadSafepointState* tss_head, int still_running) {
  int a = 0;
  const ThreadSafepointState *tmp_tss = tss_head;
  while (tmp_tss != NULL) {
    assert(tmp_tss->is_running(), "Illegal initial state");
    tmp_tss = tmp_tss->get_next();
  assert(a == still_running, "Must be the same");
#endif // ASSERT

static void back_off(int iteration) {
  // iteration will be 1 the first time we enter this spin back-off.
  // naked_short_nanosleep takes tenths of micros which means that
  // number of nanoseconds is irrelevant if it's below that. We do
  // 20 1 ns sleeps with a total cost of ~1 ms, then we do 1 ms sleeps.
  jlong sleep_ns = 1;
  if (iteration > 20) {
    sleep_ns = NANOUNITS / MILLIUNITS;  // 1 ms

int SafepointSynchronize::synchronize_threads(jlong safepoint_limit_time, int nof_threads, int* initial_running)
  JavaThreadIteratorWithHandle jtiwh;

#ifdef ASSERT
  for (; JavaThread *cur =; ) {
    assert(cur->safepoint_state()->is_running(), "Illegal initial state");
#endif // ASSERT

  // Iterate through all threads until it has been determined how to stop them all at a safepoint.
  int still_running = nof_threads;
  ThreadSafepointState *tss_head = NULL;
  ThreadSafepointState **p_prev = &tss_head;
  for (; JavaThread *cur =; ) {
    ThreadSafepointState *cur_tss = cur->safepoint_state();
    assert(cur_tss->get_next() == NULL, "Must be NULL");
    if (thread_not_running(cur_tss)) {
    } else {
      *p_prev = cur_tss;
      p_prev = cur_tss->next_ptr();
  *p_prev = NULL;

  DEBUG_ONLY(assert_list_is_valid(tss_head, still_running);)

  *initial_running = still_running;
  if (log_is_enabled(Debug, safepoint, stats)) {
    begin_statistics(nof_threads, still_running);

  int iterations = 1; // The first iteration is above.

  while (still_running > 0) {
    // Check if this has taken too long:
    if (SafepointTimeout && safepoint_limit_time < os::javaTimeNanos()) {
    if (int(iterations) == -1) { // overflow - something is wrong.
      // We can only overflow here when we are using global
      // polling pages. We keep this guarantee in its original
      // form so that searches of the bug database for this
      // failure mode find the right bugs.
      guarantee (!PageArmed, "invariant");

    p_prev = &tss_head;
    ThreadSafepointState *cur_tss = tss_head;
    while (cur_tss != NULL) {
      assert(cur_tss->is_running(), "Illegal initial state");
      if (thread_not_running(cur_tss)) {
        *p_prev = NULL;
        ThreadSafepointState *tmp = cur_tss;
        cur_tss = cur_tss->get_next();
      } else {
        *p_prev = cur_tss;
        p_prev = cur_tss->next_ptr();
        cur_tss = cur_tss->get_next();

    DEBUG_ONLY(assert_list_is_valid(tss_head, still_running);)

    if (still_running > 0) {


  assert(tss_head == NULL, "Must be empty");

  if (log_is_enabled(Debug, safepoint, stats)) {
  return iterations;

void SafepointSynchronize::arm_safepoint() {
  // Begin the process of bringing the system to a safepoint.
  // Java threads can be in several different states and are
  // stopped by different mechanisms:
  //  1. Running interpreted
  //     The interpreter dispatch table is changed to force it to
  //     check for a safepoint condition between bytecodes.
  //  2. Running in native code
  //     When returning from the native code, a Java thread must check
  //     the safepoint _state to see if we must block.  If the
  //     VM thread sees a Java thread in native, it does
  //     not wait for this thread to block.  The order of the memory
  //     writes and reads of both the safepoint state and the Java
  //     threads state is critical.  In order to guarantee that the
  //     memory writes are serialized with respect to each other,
  //     the VM thread issues a memory barrier instruction.
  //  3. Running compiled Code
  //     Compiled code reads the local polling page that
  //     is set to fault if we are trying to get to a safepoint.
  //  4. Blocked
  //     A thread which is blocked will not be allowed to return from the
  //     block condition until the safepoint operation is complete.
  //  5. In VM or Transitioning between states
  //     If a Java thread is currently running in the VM or transitioning
  //     between states, the safepointing code will wait for the thread to
  //     block itself when it attempts transitions to a new state.

  // We must never miss a thread with correct safepoint id, so we must make sure we arm
  // the wait barrier for the next safepoint id/counter.
  // Arming must be done after resetting _current_jni_active_count, _waiting_to_block.
  _wait_barrier->arm(static_cast<int>(_safepoint_counter + 1));

  assert((_safepoint_counter & 0x1) == 0, "must be even");
  // The store to _safepoint_counter must happen after any stores in arming.
  OrderAccess::release_store(&_safepoint_counter, _safepoint_counter + 1);

  // We are synchronizing
  OrderAccess::storestore(); // Ordered with _safepoint_counter
  _state = _synchronizing;

  if (SafepointMechanism::uses_thread_local_poll()) {
    // Arming the per thread poll while having _state != _not_synchronized means safepointing
    log_trace(safepoint)("Setting thread local yield flag for threads");
    OrderAccess::storestore(); // storestore, global state -> local state
    for (JavaThreadIteratorWithHandle jtiwh; JavaThread *cur =; ) {
      // Make sure the threads start polling, it is time to yield.
  OrderAccess::fence(); // storestore|storeload, global state -> local state

  if (SafepointMechanism::uses_global_page_poll()) {
    // Make interpreter safepoint aware

    // Make polling safepoint aware
    guarantee (!PageArmed, "invariant") ;
    PageArmed = true;

// Roll all threads forward to a safepoint and suspend them all
void SafepointSynchronize::begin() {
  EventSafepointBegin begin_event;
  assert(Thread::current()->is_VM_thread(), "Only VM thread may execute a safepoint");

  strncpy(stopped_description, VMThread::vm_safepoint_description(), sizeof(stopped_description) - 1);
  stopped_description[sizeof(stopped_description) - 1] = '\0';

  if (log_is_enabled(Debug, safepoint, stats)) {
    _safepoint_begin_time = os::javaTimeNanos();
    _ts_of_current_safepoint = tty->time_stamp().seconds();
    _nof_threads_hit_polling_page = 0;


  // By getting the Threads_lock, we assure that no threads are about to start or
  // exit. It is released again in SafepointSynchronize::end().

  assert( _state == _not_synchronized, "trying to safepoint synchronize with wrong state");

  int nof_threads = Threads::number_of_threads();

  log_debug(safepoint)("Safepoint synchronization initiated using %s wait barrier. (%d threads)", _wait_barrier->description(), nof_threads);


  // Reset the count of active JNI critical threads
  _current_jni_active_count = 0;

  // Set number of threads to wait for
  _waiting_to_block = nof_threads;

  jlong safepoint_limit_time = 0;
  if (SafepointTimeout) {
    // Set the limit time, so that it can be compared to see if this has taken
    // too long to complete.
    safepoint_limit_time = os::javaTimeNanos() + (jlong)SafepointTimeoutDelay * MICROUNITS;
  timeout_error_printed = false;

  EventSafepointStateSynchronization sync_event;
  int initial_running = 0;

  // Arms the safepoint, _current_jni_active_count and _waiting_to_block must be set before.

  // Will spin until all threads are safe.
  int iterations = synchronize_threads(safepoint_limit_time, nof_threads, &initial_running);
  assert(_waiting_to_block == 0, "No thread should be running");

  post_safepoint_synchronize_event(sync_event, _safepoint_counter, initial_running,
                                   _waiting_to_block, iterations);

  // Keep event from now.
  EventSafepointWaitBlocked wait_blocked_event;

#ifndef PRODUCT
  if (SafepointTimeout) {
    jlong current_time = os::javaTimeNanos();
    if (safepoint_limit_time < current_time) {
      log_warning(safepoint)("# SafepointSynchronize: Finished after "
                    INT64_FORMAT_W(6) " ms",
                    (int64_t)((current_time - safepoint_limit_time) / MICROUNITS +

  assert(Threads_lock->owned_by_self(), "must hold Threads_lock");

  // Record state
  _state = _synchronized;


  post_safepoint_wait_blocked_event(wait_blocked_event, _safepoint_counter, 0);

#ifdef ASSERT
  // Make sure all the threads were visited.
  for (JavaThreadIteratorWithHandle jtiwh; JavaThread *cur =; ) {
    assert(cur->was_visited_for_critical_count(_safepoint_counter), "missed a thread");
#endif // ASSERT

  // Update the count of active JNI critical regions

  log_info(safepoint)("Entering safepoint region: %s", stopped_description);

  if (log_is_enabled(Debug, safepoint, stats)) {

  // We do the safepoint cleanup first since a GC related safepoint
  // needs cleanup to be completed before running the GC op.
  EventSafepointCleanup cleanup_event;
  post_safepoint_cleanup_event(cleanup_event, _safepoint_counter);

  if (log_is_enabled(Debug, safepoint, stats)) {
    // Record how much time spend on the above cleanup tasks

  post_safepoint_begin_event(begin_event, _safepoint_counter, nof_threads, _current_jni_active_count);

void SafepointSynchronize::disarm_safepoint() {
  uint64_t safepoint_id = _safepoint_counter;
    JavaThreadIteratorWithHandle jtiwh;
#ifdef ASSERT
    // A pending_exception cannot be installed during a safepoint.  The threads
    // may install an async exception after they come back from a safepoint into
    // pending_exception after they unblock.  But that should happen later.
    for (; JavaThread *cur =; ) {
      assert (!(cur->has_pending_exception() &&
              "safepoint installed a pending exception");
#endif // ASSERT

    if (SafepointMechanism::uses_global_page_poll()) {
      guarantee (PageArmed, "invariant");
      // Make polling safepoint aware
      PageArmed = false;
      // Remove safepoint check from interpreter

    OrderAccess::fence(); // keep read and write of _state from floating up
    assert(_state == _synchronized, "must be synchronized before ending safepoint synchronization");

    // Change state first to _not_synchronized.
    // No threads should see _synchronized when running.
    _state = _not_synchronized;

    // Set the next dormant (even) safepoint id.
    assert((_safepoint_counter & 0x1) == 1, "must be odd");

    OrderAccess::fence(); // Keep the local state from floating up.

    for (; JavaThread *current =; ) {
      // Clear the visited flag to ensure that the critical counts are collected properly.
      ThreadSafepointState* cur_state = current->safepoint_state();
      assert(!cur_state->is_running(), "Thread not suspended at safepoint");
      cur_state->restart(); // TSS _running
      assert(cur_state->is_running(), "safepoint state has not been reset");
  } // ~JavaThreadIteratorWithHandle

  log_info(safepoint)("Leaving safepoint region");


  // Release threads lock, so threads can be created/destroyed again.

  // Wake threads after local state is correctly set.

// Wake up all threads, so they are ready to resume execution after the safepoint
// operation has been carried out
void SafepointSynchronize::end() {
  EventSafepointEnd event;
  uint64_t safepoint_id = _safepoint_counter;
  assert(Thread::current()->is_VM_thread(), "Only VM thread can execute a safepoint");

  if (log_is_enabled(Debug, safepoint, stats)) {




  // record this time so VMThread can keep track how much time has elapsed
  // since last safepoint.
  _end_of_last_safepoint = os::javaTimeMillis();

  post_safepoint_end_event(event, safepoint_id);

bool SafepointSynchronize::is_cleanup_needed() {
  // Need a safepoint if there are many monitors to deflate.
  if (ObjectSynchronizer::is_cleanup_needed()) return true;
  // Need a safepoint if some inline cache buffers is non-empty
  if (!InlineCacheBuffer::is_empty()) return true;
  return false;

class ParallelSPCleanupThreadClosure : public ThreadClosure {
  CodeBlobClosure* _nmethod_cl;
  DeflateMonitorCounters* _counters;

  ParallelSPCleanupThreadClosure(DeflateMonitorCounters* counters) :
    _nmethod_cl(UseCodeAging ? NMethodSweeper::prepare_reset_hotness_counters() : NULL),
    _counters(counters) {}

  void do_thread(Thread* thread) {
    ObjectSynchronizer::deflate_thread_local_monitors(thread, _counters);
    if (_nmethod_cl != NULL && thread->is_Java_thread() &&
        ! thread->is_Code_cache_sweeper_thread()) {
      JavaThread* jt = (JavaThread*) thread;

class ParallelSPCleanupTask : public AbstractGangTask {
  SubTasksDone _subtasks;
  ParallelSPCleanupThreadClosure _cleanup_threads_cl;
  uint _num_workers;
  DeflateMonitorCounters* _counters;
  ParallelSPCleanupTask(uint num_workers, DeflateMonitorCounters* counters) :
    AbstractGangTask("Parallel Safepoint Cleanup"),
    _counters(counters) {}

  void work(uint worker_id) {
    uint64_t safepoint_id = SafepointSynchronize::safepoint_counter();
    // All threads deflate monitors and mark nmethods (if necessary).
    Threads::possibly_parallel_threads_do(true, &_cleanup_threads_cl);

    if (_subtasks.try_claim_task(SafepointSynchronize::SAFEPOINT_CLEANUP_DEFLATE_MONITORS)) {
      const char* name = "deflating global idle monitors";
      EventSafepointCleanupTask event;
      TraceTime timer(name, TRACETIME_LOG(Info, safepoint, cleanup));

      post_safepoint_cleanup_task_event(event, safepoint_id, name);

    if (_subtasks.try_claim_task(SafepointSynchronize::SAFEPOINT_CLEANUP_UPDATE_INLINE_CACHES)) {
      const char* name = "updating inline caches";
      EventSafepointCleanupTask event;

      post_safepoint_cleanup_task_event(event, safepoint_id, name);

    if (_subtasks.try_claim_task(SafepointSynchronize::SAFEPOINT_CLEANUP_COMPILATION_POLICY)) {
      const char* name = "compilation policy safepoint handler";
      EventSafepointCleanupTask event;

      post_safepoint_cleanup_task_event(event, safepoint_id, name);

    if (_subtasks.try_claim_task(SafepointSynchronize::SAFEPOINT_CLEANUP_SYMBOL_TABLE_REHASH)) {
      if (SymbolTable::needs_rehashing()) {
        const char* name = "rehashing symbol table";
        EventSafepointCleanupTask event;

        post_safepoint_cleanup_task_event(event, safepoint_id, name);

    if (_subtasks.try_claim_task(SafepointSynchronize::SAFEPOINT_CLEANUP_STRING_TABLE_REHASH)) {
      if (StringTable::needs_rehashing()) {
        const char* name = "rehashing string table";
        EventSafepointCleanupTask event;

        post_safepoint_cleanup_task_event(event, safepoint_id, name);

    if (_subtasks.try_claim_task(SafepointSynchronize::SAFEPOINT_CLEANUP_CLD_PURGE)) {
      // CMS delays purging the CLDG until the beginning of the next safepoint and to
      // make sure concurrent sweep is done
      const char* name = "purging class loader data graph";
      EventSafepointCleanupTask event;

      post_safepoint_cleanup_task_event(event, safepoint_id, name);

    if (_subtasks.try_claim_task(SafepointSynchronize::SAFEPOINT_CLEANUP_SYSTEM_DICTIONARY_RESIZE)) {
      const char* name = "resizing system dictionaries";
      EventSafepointCleanupTask event;

      post_safepoint_cleanup_task_event(event, safepoint_id, name);


// Various cleaning tasks that should be done periodically at safepoints.
void SafepointSynchronize::do_cleanup_tasks() {

  TraceTime timer("safepoint cleanup tasks", TRACETIME_LOG(Info, safepoint, cleanup));

  // Prepare for monitor deflation.
  DeflateMonitorCounters deflate_counters;

  CollectedHeap* heap = Universe::heap();
  assert(heap != NULL, "heap not initialized yet?");
  WorkGang* cleanup_workers = heap->get_safepoint_workers();
  if (cleanup_workers != NULL) {
    // Parallel cleanup using GC provided thread pool.
    uint num_cleanup_workers = cleanup_workers->active_workers();
    ParallelSPCleanupTask cleanup(num_cleanup_workers, &deflate_counters);
    StrongRootsScope srs(num_cleanup_workers);
  } else {
    // Serial cleanup using VMThread.
    ParallelSPCleanupTask cleanup(1, &deflate_counters);
    StrongRootsScope srs(1);;

  // Needs to be done single threaded by the VMThread.  This walks
  // the thread stacks looking for references to metadata before
  // deciding to remove it from the metaspaces.
  if (ClassLoaderDataGraph::should_clean_metaspaces_and_reset()) {
    const char* name = "cleanup live ClassLoaderData metaspaces";

  // Finish monitor deflation.

  assert(InlineCacheBuffer::is_empty(), "should have cleaned up ICBuffer");

// Methods for determining if a JavaThread is safepoint safe.

// False means unsafe with undetermined state.
// True means a determined state, but it may be an unsafe state.
// If called from a non-safepoint context safepoint_count MUST be InactiveSafepointCounter.
bool SafepointSynchronize::try_stable_load_state(JavaThreadState *state, JavaThread *thread, uint64_t safepoint_count) {
  assert((safepoint_count != InactiveSafepointCounter &&
          Thread::current() == (Thread*)VMThread::vm_thread() &&
          SafepointSynchronize::_state != _not_synchronized)
         || safepoint_count == InactiveSafepointCounter, "Invalid check");

  // To handle the thread_blocked state on the backedge of the WaitBarrier from
  // previous safepoint and reading the reset value (0/InactiveSafepointCounter) we
  // re-read state after we read thread safepoint id. The JavaThread changes its
  // thread state from thread_blocked before resetting safepoint id to 0.
  // This guarantees the second read will be from an updated thread state. It can
  // either be different state making this an unsafe state or it can see blocked
  // again. When we see blocked twice with a 0 safepoint id, either:
  // - It is normally blocked, e.g. on Mutex, TBIVM.
  // - It was in SS:block(), looped around to SS:block() and is blocked on the WaitBarrier.
  // - It was in SS:block() but now on a Mutex.
  // All of these cases are safe.

  *state = thread->thread_state();
  uint64_t sid = thread->safepoint_state()->get_safepoint_id();  // Load acquire
  if (sid != InactiveSafepointCounter && sid != safepoint_count) {
    // In an old safepoint, state not relevant.
    return false;
  return *state == thread->thread_state();

static bool safepoint_safe_with(JavaThread *thread, JavaThreadState state) {
  switch(state) {
  case _thread_in_native:
    // native threads are safe if they have no java stack or have walkable stack
    return !thread->has_last_Java_frame() || thread->frame_anchor()->walkable();

  case _thread_blocked:
    // On wait_barrier or blocked.
    // Blocked threads should already have walkable stack.
    assert(!thread->has_last_Java_frame() || thread->frame_anchor()->walkable(), "blocked and not walkable");
    return true;

    return false;

bool SafepointSynchronize::handshake_safe(JavaThread *thread) {
  // The polls must be armed otherwise the safe state can change to unsafe at any time.
  assert(SafepointMechanism::should_block(thread), "Must be armed");
  // This function must be called with the Threads_lock held so an externally
  // suspended thread cannot be resumed thus it is safe.
  assert(Threads_lock->owned_by_self() && Thread::current()->is_VM_thread(),
         "Must hold Threads_lock and be VMThread");
  if (thread->is_ext_suspended() || thread->is_terminated()) {
    return true;
  JavaThreadState stable_state;
  if (try_stable_load_state(&stable_state, thread, InactiveSafepointCounter)) {
    return safepoint_safe_with(thread, stable_state);
  return false;

// See if the thread is running inside a lazy critical native and
// update the thread critical count if so.  Also set a suspend flag to
// cause the native wrapper to return into the JVM to do the unlock
// once the native finishes.
static void check_for_lazy_critical_native(JavaThread *thread, JavaThreadState state) {
  if (state == _thread_in_native &&
      thread->has_last_Java_frame() &&
      thread->frame_anchor()->walkable()) {
    // This thread might be in a critical native nmethod so look at
    // the top of the stack and increment the critical count if it
    // is.
    frame wrapper_frame = thread->last_frame();
    CodeBlob* stub_cb = wrapper_frame.cb();
    if (stub_cb != NULL &&
        stub_cb->is_nmethod() &&
        stub_cb->as_nmethod_or_null()->is_lazy_critical_native()) {
      // A thread could potentially be in a critical native across
      // more than one safepoint, so only update the critical state on
      // the first one.  When it returns it will perform the unlock.
      if (!thread->do_critical_native_unlock()) {
#ifdef ASSERT
        if (!thread->in_critical()) {
        // Make sure the native wrapper calls back on return to
        // perform the needed critical unlock.

// Implementation of Safepoint blocking point

void SafepointSynchronize::block(JavaThread *thread) {
  assert(thread != NULL, "thread must be set");
  assert(thread->is_Java_thread(), "not a Java thread");

  // Threads shouldn't block if they are in the middle of printing, but...

  // Only bail from the block() call if the thread is gone from the
  // thread list; starting to exit should still block.
  if (thread->is_terminated()) {
     // block current thread if we come here from native code when VM is gone

     // otherwise do nothing

  JavaThreadState state = thread->thread_state();

  uint64_t safepoint_id = SafepointSynchronize::safepoint_counter();
  // Check that we have a valid thread_state at this point
  switch(state) {
    case _thread_in_vm_trans:
    case _thread_in_Java:        // From compiled code
    case _thread_in_native_trans:
    case _thread_blocked_trans:
    case _thread_new_trans:

      // We have no idea where the VMThread is, it might even be at next safepoint.
      // So we can miss this poll, but stop at next.

      // Load dependent store, it must not pass loading of safepoint_id.
      thread->safepoint_state()->set_safepoint_id(safepoint_id); // Release store

      // This part we can skip if we notice we miss or are in a future safepoint.

      OrderAccess::fence(); // Load in wait barrier should not float up
      assert(_state != _synchronized, "Can't be");

      // If barrier is disarmed stop store from floating above loads in barrier.

      // Then we reset the safepoint id to inactive.
      thread->safepoint_state()->reset_safepoint_id(); // Release store



     fatal("Illegal threadstate encountered: %d", state);
  guarantee(thread->safepoint_state()->get_safepoint_id() == InactiveSafepointCounter,
            "The safepoint id should be set only in block path");

  // Check for pending. async. exceptions or suspends - except if the
  // thread was blocked inside the VM. has_special_runtime_exit_condition()
  // is called last since it grabs a lock and we only want to do that when
  // we must.
  // Note: we never deliver an async exception at a polling point as the
  // compiler may not have an exception handler for it. The polling
  // code will notice the async and deoptimize and the exception will
  // be delivered. (Polling at a return point is ok though). Sure is
  // a lot of bother for a deprecated feature...
  // We don't deliver an async exception if the thread state is
  // _thread_in_native_trans so JNI functions won't be called with
  // a surprising pending exception. If the thread state is going back to java,
  // async exception is checked in check_special_condition_for_native_trans().

  if (state != _thread_blocked_trans &&
      state != _thread_in_vm_trans &&
      thread->has_special_runtime_exit_condition()) {
      !thread->is_at_poll_safepoint() && (state != _thread_in_native_trans));

// Exception handlers

void SafepointSynchronize::handle_polling_page_exception(JavaThread *thread) {
  assert(thread->is_Java_thread(), "polling reference encountered by VM thread");
  assert(thread->thread_state() == _thread_in_Java, "should come from Java code");
  if (!ThreadLocalHandshakes) {
    assert(SafepointSynchronize::is_synchronizing(), "polling encountered outside safepoint synchronization");

  if (log_is_enabled(Debug, safepoint, stats)) {

  ThreadSafepointState* state = thread->safepoint_state();


void SafepointSynchronize::print_safepoint_timeout(SafepointTimeoutReason reason) {
  if (!timeout_error_printed) {
    timeout_error_printed = true;
    // Print out the thread info which didn't reach the safepoint for debugging
    // purposes (useful when there are lots of threads in the debugger).
    LogTarget(Warning, safepoint) lt;
    if (lt.is_enabled()) {
      ResourceMark rm;
      LogStream ls(lt);;
      ls.print_cr("# SafepointSynchronize::begin: Timeout detected:");
      if (reason ==  _spinning_timeout) {
        ls.print_cr("# SafepointSynchronize::begin: Timed out while spinning to reach a safepoint.");
      } else if (reason == _blocking_timeout) {
        ls.print_cr("# SafepointSynchronize::begin: Timed out while waiting for threads to stop.");

      ls.print_cr("# SafepointSynchronize::begin: Threads which did not reach the safepoint:");
      ThreadSafepointState *cur_state;
      for (JavaThreadIteratorWithHandle jtiwh; JavaThread *cur_thread =; ) {
        cur_state = cur_thread->safepoint_state();

        if (cur_thread->thread_state() != _thread_blocked &&
          ((reason == _spinning_timeout && cur_state->is_running()) ||
             (reason == _blocking_timeout))) {
          ls.print("# ");
      ls.print_cr("# SafepointSynchronize::begin: (End of list)");

  // To debug the long safepoint, specify both AbortVMOnSafepointTimeout &
  // ShowMessageBoxOnError.
  if (AbortVMOnSafepointTimeout) {
    fatal("Safepoint sync time longer than " INTX_FORMAT "ms detected when executing %s.",
          SafepointTimeoutDelay, VMThread::vm_safepoint_description());

// Implementation of ThreadSafepointState

ThreadSafepointState::ThreadSafepointState(JavaThread *thread)
  : _at_poll_safepoint(false), _thread(thread), _safepoint_safe(false),
    _orig_thread_state(_thread_uninitialized), _next(NULL) {

void ThreadSafepointState::create(JavaThread *thread) {
  ThreadSafepointState *state = new ThreadSafepointState(thread);

void ThreadSafepointState::destroy(JavaThread *thread) {
  if (thread->safepoint_state()) {

uint64_t ThreadSafepointState::get_safepoint_id() const {
  return OrderAccess::load_acquire(&_safepoint_id);

void ThreadSafepointState::reset_safepoint_id() {
  OrderAccess::release_store(&_safepoint_id, SafepointSynchronize::InactiveSafepointCounter);

void ThreadSafepointState::set_safepoint_id(uint64_t safepoint_id) {
  OrderAccess::release_store(&_safepoint_id, safepoint_id);

void ThreadSafepointState::examine_state_of_thread(uint64_t safepoint_count) {
  assert(is_running(), "better be running or just have hit safepoint poll");

  JavaThreadState stable_state;
  if (!SafepointSynchronize::try_stable_load_state(&stable_state, _thread, safepoint_count)) {
    // We could not get stable state of the JavaThread.
    // Consider it running and just return.

  // Save the state at the start of safepoint processing.
  _orig_thread_state = stable_state;

  // Check for a thread that is suspended. Note that thread resume tries
  // to grab the Threads_lock which we own here, so a thread cannot be
  // resumed during safepoint synchronization.

  // We check to see if this thread is suspended without locking to
  // avoid deadlocking with a third thread that is waiting for this
  // thread to be suspended. The third thread can notice the safepoint
  // that we're trying to start at the beginning of its SR_lock->wait()
  // call. If that happens, then the third thread will block on the
  // safepoint while still holding the underlying SR_lock. We won't be
  // able to get the SR_lock and we'll deadlock.
  // We don't need to grab the SR_lock here for two reasons:
  // 1) The suspend flags are both volatile and are set with an
  //    Atomic::cmpxchg() call so we should see the suspended
  //    state right away.
  // 2) We're being called from the safepoint polling loop; if
  //    we don't see the suspended state on this iteration, then
  //    we'll come around again.
  bool is_suspended = _thread->is_ext_suspended();
  if (is_suspended) {

  if (safepoint_safe_with(_thread, stable_state)) {
    check_for_lazy_critical_native(_thread, stable_state);

  // All other thread states will continue to run until they
  // transition and self-block in state _blocked
  // Safepoint polling in compiled code causes the Java threads to do the same.
  // Note: new threads may require a malloc so they must be allowed to finish

  assert(is_running(), "examine_state_of_thread on non-running thread");

void ThreadSafepointState::account_safe_thread() {
  if (_thread->in_critical()) {
    // Notice that this thread is in a critical section
  assert(!_safepoint_safe, "Must be unsafe before safe");
  _safepoint_safe = true;

void ThreadSafepointState::restart() {
  assert(_safepoint_safe, "Must be safe before unsafe");
  _safepoint_safe = false;

void ThreadSafepointState::print_on(outputStream *st) const {
  const char *s = _safepoint_safe ? "_at_safepoint" : "_running";

  st->print_cr("Thread: " INTPTR_FORMAT
              "  [0x%2x] State: %s _at_poll_safepoint %d",
               p2i(_thread), _thread->osthread()->thread_id(), s, _at_poll_safepoint);



// Block the thread at poll or poll return for safepoint/handshake.
void ThreadSafepointState::handle_polling_page_exception() {

  // If we're using a global poll, then the thread should not be
  // marked as safepoint safe yet.
  assert(!SafepointMechanism::uses_global_page_poll() || !_safepoint_safe,
         "polling page exception on thread safepoint safe");

  // Step 1: Find the nmethod from the return address
  address real_return_addr = thread()->saved_exception_pc();

  CodeBlob *cb = CodeCache::find_blob(real_return_addr);
  assert(cb != NULL && cb->is_compiled(), "return address should be in nmethod");
  CompiledMethod* nm = (CompiledMethod*)cb;

  // Find frame of caller
  frame stub_fr = thread()->last_frame();
  CodeBlob* stub_cb = stub_fr.cb();
  assert(stub_cb->is_safepoint_stub(), "must be a safepoint stub");
  RegisterMap map(thread(), true);
  frame caller_fr = stub_fr.sender(&map);

  // Should only be poll_return or poll
  assert( nm->is_at_poll_or_poll_return(real_return_addr), "should not be at call" );

  // This is a poll immediately before a return. The exception handling code
  // has already had the effect of causing the return to occur, so the execution
  // will continue immediately after the call. In addition, the oopmap at the
  // return point does not mark the return value as an oop (if it is), so
  // it needs a handle here to be updated.
  if( nm->is_at_poll_return(real_return_addr) ) {
    // See if return type is an oop.
    bool return_oop = nm->method()->is_returning_oop();
    Handle return_value;
    if (return_oop) {
      // The oop result has been saved on the stack together with all
      // the other registers. In order to preserve it over GCs we need
      // to keep it in a handle.
      oop result = caller_fr.saved_oop_result(&map);
      assert(oopDesc::is_oop_or_null(result), "must be oop");
      return_value = Handle(thread(), result);
      assert(Universe::heap()->is_in_or_null(result), "must be heap pointer");

    // Block the thread

    // restore oop result, if any
    if (return_oop) {
      caller_fr.set_saved_oop_result(&map, return_value());

  // This is a safepoint poll. Verify the return address and block.
  else {

    // verify the blob built the "return address" correctly
    assert(real_return_addr == caller_fr.pc(), "must match");

    // Block the thread

    // If we have a pending async exception deoptimize the frame
    // as otherwise we may never deliver it.
    if (thread()->has_async_condition()) {
      ThreadInVMfromJavaNoAsyncException __tiv(thread());

    // If an exception has been installed we must check for a pending deoptimization
    // Deoptimize frame if exception has been thrown.

    if (thread()->has_pending_exception() ) {
      RegisterMap map(thread(), true);
      frame caller_fr = stub_fr.sender(&map);
      if (caller_fr.is_deoptimized_frame()) {
        // The exception patch will destroy registers that are still
        // live and will be needed during deoptimization. Defer the
        // Async exception should have deferred the exception until the
        // next safepoint which will be detected when we get into
        // the interpreter so if we have an exception now things
        // are messed up.

        fatal("Exception installed and deoptimization is pending");

//                     Statistics & Instrumentations
struct SafepointStats {
    float  _time_stamp;                        // record when the current safepoint occurs in seconds
    int    _vmop_type;                         // tyep of VM operation triggers the safepoint
    int    _nof_total_threads;                 // total number of Java threads
    int    _nof_initial_running_threads;       // total number of initially seen running threads
    int    _nof_threads_wait_to_block;         // total number of threads waiting for to block
    bool   _page_armed;                        // true if polling page is armed, false otherwise
    int _nof_threads_hit_page_trap;            // total number of threads hitting the page trap
    jlong  _time_to_spin;                      // total time in millis spent in spinning
    jlong  _time_to_wait_to_block;             // total time in millis spent in waiting for to block
    jlong  _time_to_do_cleanups;               // total time in millis spent in performing cleanups
    jlong  _time_to_sync;                      // total time in millis spent in getting to _synchronized
    jlong  _time_to_exec_vmop;                 // total time in millis spent in vm operation itself

static const int _statistics_header_count = 30;
static int _cur_stat_index = 0;
static SafepointStats safepoint_stats = {0};  // zero initialize
static SafepointStats* spstat = &safepoint_stats;

static julong _safepoint_reasons[VM_Operation::VMOp_Terminating];
static jlong  _max_sync_time = 0;
static jlong  _max_vmop_time = 0;

static jlong  cleanup_end_time = 0;

void SafepointSynchronize::begin_statistics(int nof_threads, int nof_running) {

  spstat->_time_stamp = _ts_of_current_safepoint;

  VM_Operation *op = VMThread::vm_operation();
  spstat->_vmop_type = op != NULL ? op->type() : VM_Operation::VMOp_None;

  spstat->_nof_total_threads = nof_threads;
  spstat->_nof_initial_running_threads = nof_running;

  // Records the start time of spinning. The real time spent on spinning
  // will be adjusted when spin is done. Same trick is applied for time
  // spent on waiting for threads to block.
  if (nof_running != 0) {
    spstat->_time_to_spin = os::javaTimeNanos();
  }  else {
    spstat->_time_to_spin = 0;

void SafepointSynchronize::update_statistics_on_spin_end() {
  jlong cur_time = os::javaTimeNanos();

  spstat->_nof_threads_wait_to_block = _waiting_to_block;
  if (spstat->_nof_initial_running_threads != 0) {
    spstat->_time_to_spin = cur_time - spstat->_time_to_spin;

  // Records the start time of waiting for to block. Updated when block is done.
  if (_waiting_to_block != 0) {
    spstat->_time_to_wait_to_block = cur_time;
  } else {
    spstat->_time_to_wait_to_block = 0;

void SafepointSynchronize::update_statistics_on_sync_end(jlong end_time) {

  if (spstat->_nof_threads_wait_to_block != 0) {
    spstat->_time_to_wait_to_block = end_time -

  // Records the end time of sync which will be used to calculate the total
  // vm operation time. Again, the real time spending in syncing will be deducted
  // from the start of the sync time later when end_statistics is called.
  spstat->_time_to_sync = end_time - _safepoint_begin_time;
  if (spstat->_time_to_sync > _max_sync_time) {
    _max_sync_time = spstat->_time_to_sync;

  spstat->_time_to_do_cleanups = end_time;

void SafepointSynchronize::update_statistics_on_cleanup_end(jlong end_time) {

  // Record how long spent in cleanup tasks.
  spstat->_time_to_do_cleanups = end_time - spstat->_time_to_do_cleanups;
  cleanup_end_time = end_time;

void SafepointSynchronize::end_statistics(jlong vmop_end_time) {

  // Update the vm operation time.
  spstat->_time_to_exec_vmop = vmop_end_time -  cleanup_end_time;
  if (spstat->_time_to_exec_vmop > _max_vmop_time) {
    _max_vmop_time = spstat->_time_to_exec_vmop;

  spstat->_nof_threads_hit_page_trap = _nof_threads_hit_polling_page;


// Helper method to print the header.
static void print_header(outputStream* st) {
  // The number of spaces is significant here, and should match the format
  // specifiers in print_statistics().

  st->print("          vmop                            "
            "[ threads:    total initially_running wait_to_block ]"
            "[ time:    spin   block    sync cleanup    vmop ] ");


// This prints a nice table.  To get the statistics to not shift due to the logging uptime
// decorator, use the option as: -Xlog:safepoint+stats=debug:[outputfile]:none
void SafepointSynchronize::print_statistics() {
  LogTarget(Debug, safepoint, stats) lt;
  assert (lt.is_enabled(), "should only be called when printing statistics is enabled");
  LogStream ls(lt);

  // Print header every 30 entries
  if ((_cur_stat_index % _statistics_header_count) == 0) {
    _cur_stat_index = 1;  // wrap
  } else {

  ls.print("%8.3f: ", spstat->_time_stamp);
  ls.print("%-28s  [          "
           INT32_FORMAT_W(8) " " INT32_FORMAT_W(17) " " INT32_FORMAT_W(13) " "
  // "/ MICROUNITS " is to convert the unit from nanos to millis.
  ls.print("[       "
           INT64_FORMAT_W(7) " " INT64_FORMAT_W(7) " "
           INT64_FORMAT_W(7) " " INT64_FORMAT_W(7) " "
           INT64_FORMAT_W(7) " ] ",
           (int64_t)(spstat->_time_to_spin / MICROUNITS),
           (int64_t)(spstat->_time_to_wait_to_block / MICROUNITS),
           (int64_t)(spstat->_time_to_sync / MICROUNITS),
           (int64_t)(spstat->_time_to_do_cleanups / MICROUNITS),
           (int64_t)(spstat->_time_to_exec_vmop / MICROUNITS));

  ls.print_cr(INT32_FORMAT_W(15) " ", spstat->_nof_threads_hit_page_trap);

// This method will be called when VM exits. This tries to summarize the sampling.
// Current thread may already be deleted, so don't use ResourceMark.
void SafepointSynchronize::print_stat_on_exit() {

  for (int index = 0; index < VM_Operation::VMOp_Terminating; index++) {
    if (_safepoint_reasons[index] != 0) {
      log_debug(safepoint, stats)("%-28s" UINT64_FORMAT_W(10), VM_Operation::name(index),

  log_debug(safepoint, stats)("VM operations coalesced during safepoint " INT64_FORMAT,
  log_debug(safepoint, stats)("Maximum sync time  " INT64_FORMAT" ms",
                              (int64_t)(_max_sync_time / MICROUNITS));
  log_debug(safepoint, stats)("Maximum vm operation time (except for Exit VM operation)  "
                              INT64_FORMAT " ms",
                              (int64_t)(_max_vmop_time / MICROUNITS));