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Montenegro country facts

Europe Podgorica; note - the Old Royal Capital is Cetinje mentioned in the constitution 650,036 inhabitants 13,812 sq km 47.06 inhabitants/sq km euros (EUR) population evolution

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Southeastern Europe, between the Adriatic Sea and Serbia

Geographic coordinates

42 30 N, 19 18 E

Area (sq km)

total: 13,812 sq km
land: 13,452 sq km
water: 360 sq km

Area - comparative (sq km)

slightly smaller than Connecticut

Land boundaries (km)

total: 625 km

Coastline (km)

293.5 km

Maritime claims

territorial sea: 12 nm
continental shelf: defined by treaty





Elevation extremes (m)

lowest point: Adriatic Sea 0 m
highest point: Bobotov Kuk 2,522 m

Natural resources

bauxite, hydroelectricity

Land use (%)

arable land: 12.45%
permanent crops: 1.16%
other: 86.39% (2011)

Irrigated land (sq km)

24.12 sq km (2010)

Natural hazards

destructive earthquakes

Environment - current issues


Environment - international agreements

signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Geography - note

strategic location along the Adriatic coast

People and Society


noun: Montenegrin(s)
adjective: Montenegrin

Ethnic groups (%)


Languages (%)


Religions (%)



650,036 (July 2014 est.)   evolution and prospects (1950-2100)

Age structure (%)

0-14 years: 15.2% (male 48,231/female 50,659)
15-24 years: 10.8% (male 33,085/female 37,029)
25-54 years: 47.1% (male 164,644/female 141,380)
55-64 years: 12.9% (male 41,765/female 42,075)
65 years and over: 13.8% (male 36,081/female 55,087) (2014 est.)

Age structure in Montenegro

Median age (years)

total: 39.2 years
male: 38.2 years
female: 40.5 years (2014 est.)

Population growth rate (%)

-0.49% (2014 est.)

Birth rate (births/1,000 population)

10.59 births/1,000 population (2014 est.)

Death rate (deaths/1,000 population)

9.3 deaths/1,000 population (2014 est.)

Urbanization (%)

urban population: 63.3% of total population (2011)
rate of urbanization: 0.38% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)

Major urban areas - population

PODGORICA (capital) 156,000 (2011)

Sex ratio (male(s)/female)

at birth: 1.07 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 0.95 male(s)/female
15-24 years: 0.89 male(s)/female
25-54 years: 1.17 male(s)/female
55-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.66 male(s)/female

Maternal mortality rate (deaths/100,000 live births)

8 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)

Health expenditures (% of GDP)

9.3% of GDP (2011)

Physicians density (physicians/1,000 population)

2.03 physicians/1,000 population (2010)

Hospital bed density (beds/1,000 population)

4 beds/1,000 population (2010)

Drinking water source (% of population)

improved: urban: 99.6% of population
rural: 95.3% of population
total: 98% of population
unimproved: urban: 0.4% of population
rural: 4.7% of population
total: 2% of population (2012 est.)

Sanitation facility access (% of population)

improved: urban: 91.9% of population
rural: 86.8% of population
total: 90% of population
unimproved: urban: 8.1% of population
rural: 13.2% of population
total: 10% of population (2012 est.)

Major infectious diseases

degree of risk: intermediate
food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea
vectorborne disease: Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (2013)

Obesity - adult prevalence rate (%)

22.5% (2008)

Children under the age of 5 years underweight (%)

2.2% (2006)

Education expenditures (% of GDP)


Literacy (%)

definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 98.5%
male: 99.4%
female: 97.6% (2011 est.)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education) (years)

total: 15 years
male: 15 years
female: 16 years (2010)

Unemployment, youth ages 15-24 (%)

total: 41.1%
male: 42.3%
female: 39.7% (2012)


Country name

conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Montenegro
local long form: none
local short form: Crna Gora

Government type



geographic coordinates: 42 26 N, 19 16 E

Administrative divisions




National holiday

National Day, 13 July (1878)



Legal system

civil law

International law organization participation

has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICC jurisdiction


18 years of age; universal

Executive branch

cabinet: Ministers act as cabinet
election results: Filip VUJANOVIC re-elected president; Filip VUJANOVIC 51.2%, Miodrag LEKIC 48.8%%

Legislative branch


Judicial branch


Political parties and leaders

Albanian Coalition (includes Democratic League in Montenegro or DSCG [Mehmed BARDHI], Democratic Party [Fatmir DJEKA], and Albanian Alternative or AA [Djerdj DAMAJ])
Bosniak Party or BS [Rafet HUSOVIC]
Coalition for European Montenegro (bloc) [Milo DJUKANOVIC] (includes Democratic Party of Socialists or DPS [Milo DJUKANOVIC], Liberal Party of Montenegro or LP [Andrija POPOCVIC], and the Social Democratic Party or SDP [Ranko KRIVOKAPIC])
Coalition FORCA for Unity (includes FORCA [Nazif CUNGU] and Civic Initiative [Vaselj Sinistaj])
Croatian Civic Initiative or HGI [Marija VUCINOVIC]
Democratic Center or DC [Goran BATRICEVIC]
Democratic Front (bloc) [Miodrag LEKIC] (includes New Serb Democracy or NOVA [Andrija MANDIC] and Movement for Change or PZP [Nebojsa MEDOJEVIC], a splinter faction of the Socialist People's Party or SNP)
Democratic Union of Albanians or DUA [Mehmet ZENKA]
Just Montenegro [Rade BOJOVIC]
Positive Montenegro [Darko PAJOVIC]
Serbian National Alliance (bloc)(includes Party of Serb Radicals or SSR, Democratic Serb Party or DSS [Ranko KADIC], and the Serbian National Council)
Serbian Unity (bloc) (includes Serbian People's Party or NS [Predrag POPOVIC], the Serb List or SL, the Serbian Homeland Party, the Serbian Radical Party, and the Democratic Centre of Boka or DCB [Dejan COROVIC])
Socialist People's Party or SNP [Srdan MILIC]
Together (bloc) (includes Pensioners' Party [Vojo VULETIC], Disabled and Social Justice, and the Yugoslav Communist Party of Montenegro or JKPCG)

Political pressure groups and leaders


International organization participation


Diplomatic representation in the US

chief of mission: Ambassador Srdjan DARMANOVIC (since 30 November 2010)
telephone: [1] (202) 234-6108
FAX: [1] (202) 234-6109
consulate(s) general: New York

Diplomatic representation from the US

chief of mission: Ambassador Sue K. BROWN (since 27 April 2011)
embassy: Dzona Dzeksona 2, 81000 Podgorica, Montenegro
mailing address: use embassy street address
telephone: [382] (0) 20 410 500
FAX: [382] (0) 20 241 358

Flag description


National symbol(s)

double-headed eagle

National anthem



Economy - overview

Montenegro's economy is slowly transitioning to a market system, but the state sector remains large and additional institutional changes are needed. The economy relies heavily on foreign tourism and the export of refined metals. Unprofitable state-owned enterprises, especially the Podgorica Aluminum Kombine, the country’s largest exporter, weigh heavily on public finances. During the MILOSEVIC era, Montenegro severed its economy from Serbia, maintained its own central bank, adopted the Deutsche Mark, then shifted to the euro - rather than the Yugoslav dinar - as official currency, collected customs tariffs, and managed its own budget. The 2006 dissolution of the loose political union between Serbia and Montenegro led to separate memberships in several international financial institutions, such as the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development. In January 2007, Montenegro joined the World Bank and IMF. Montenegro became the 156th member of World Trade Organization in December 2011. The European Council (EC) granted candidate country status to Montenegro at the December 2010 session. Montenegro began negotiations to join the EC in June, 2012, having met the conditions set down by the European Council, which called on Montenegro to take steps to fight corruption and organized crime. Unemployment and disparities in regional development, especially in the north, remain key political and economic problems. The global financial crisis had a significant negative impact on the economy, due to a credit crunch, a decline in the real estate sector, and a fall in aluminum exports. The Government of Montenegro increased value added tax (VAT) from 17% in 2012 to 19% in 2013 and raised income tax rates from 9% to 15% for those earning over €480 a month. In 2013, the government also retrenched by freezing pensions and limiting salary increases for public enterprises and members of the parliament.

GDP (purchasing power parity)

$7.429 billion (2013 est.)
$7.318 billion (2012 est.)
$7.358 billion (2011 est.)
note: data are in 2013 US dollars

GDP (official exchange rate)

$4.518 billion (2013 est.)

GDP - real growth rate (%)

1.5% (2013 est.)
-0.5% (2012 est.)
3.2% (2011 est.)

GDP - per capita (PPP)

$11,900 (2013 est.)
$11,800 (2012 est.)
$11,900 (2011 est.)
note: data are in 2013 US dollars

GDP - composition, by sector of origin (%)

agriculture: 0.8%
industry: 11.3%
services: 87.9% (2011)

Labor force

251,300 (2011 est.)

Labor force - by occupation (%)

agriculture: 6.3%
industry: 20.9%
services: 72.8% (2011 est.)

Unemployment rate (%)

19.1% (2012 est.)
11.5% (2011 est.)

Population below poverty line (%)

6.6% (2010 est.)

Distribution of family income - Gini index

24.3 (2010)
30 (2003)


revenues: $1.68 billion
expenditures: $1.58 billion (2012 est.)

Taxes and other revenues (% of GDP)

37.2% of GDP (2012 est.)


2.2% of GDP (2012 est.)

Public debt (% of GDP)

52.1% of GDP (2012 est.)
45% of GDP (2011 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices) (%)

4% (2012)
3% (2011)

Commercial bank prime lending rate (%)

9.69% (31 December 2011 est.)
9.53% (31 December 2010 est.)

Stock of narrow money

$749 million (31 December 2011 est.)
$783.3 million (31 December 2010 est.)

Stock of broad money

$1.982 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
$2.01 billion (31 December 2010 est.)

Stock of domestic credit

$3.29 billion (31 December 2009)
$3.771 billion (31 December 2008)

Market value of publicly traded shares

$3.827 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
$3.322 billion (31 December 2011)
$3.604 billion (31 December 2010 est.)

Agriculture - products

tobacco, potatoes, citrus fruits, olives, grapes; sheep


steelmaking, aluminum, agricultural processing, consumer goods, tourism

Current account balance

-$1.938 billion (2012 est.)
-$1.927 billion (2011 est.)


$489.2 million (2012 est.)
$640 million (2011 est.)

Exports - partners (%)



$2.4 billion (2012 est.)
$2.5 billion (2011 est.)

Imports - partners (%)


Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

$400 million (31 December 2011)

External debt ($)

$1.7 billion (2012 est.)
$1.2 billion (2011 est.)

Exchange rates

Currency converter
euros (EUR) per US dollar -
0.7634 (2013 est.)
0.7752 (2012 est.)
0.755 (2010 est.)
0.7198 (2009 est.)
0.6827 (2008 est.)

Fiscal year

calendar year


Electricity - production (kWh)

3.945 billion kWh (2010 est.)

Electricity - consumption (kWh)

3.279 billion kWh (2010 est.)

Electricity - exports (kWh)

730 million kWh (2010 est.)

Electricity - imports (kWh)

732 million kWh (2010 est.)

Electricity - installed generating capacity (kW)

868,000 kW (2010 est.)

Electricity - from fossil fuels (% of total installed capacity)

24.2% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)

Electricity - from nuclear fuels (% of total installed capacity)

0% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)

Electricity - from hydroelectric plants (% of total installed capacity)

75.8% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)


0% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)

Crude oil - production (bbl/day)

0 bbl/day (2012 est.)

Crude oil - exports (bbl/day)

0 bbl/day (2010 est.)

Crude oil - imports (bbl/day)

0 bbl/day (2010 est.)

Crude oil - proved reserves (bbl)

0 bbl (1 January 2012 est.)

Refined petroleum products - production (bbl/day)

0 bbl/day (2010 est.)

Refined petroleum products - consumption (bbl/day)

4,446 bbl/day (2011 est.)

Refined petroleum products - exports (bbl/day)

369 bbl/day (2010 est.)

Refined petroleum products - imports (bbl/day)

3,300 bbl/day (2010 est.)

Natural gas - production (cu m)

0 cu m (2011 est.)

Natural gas - consumption (cu m)

0 cu m (2010 est.)

Natural gas - exports (cu m)

0 cu m (2011 est.)

Natural gas - imports (cu m)

0 cu m (2011 est.)

Natural gas - proved reserves (cu m)

0 cu m (1 January 2013 est.)

Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy (Mt)

2.166 million Mt (2011 est.)


Telephones - main lines in use

163,000 (2012)

Telephones - mobile cellular

1.126 million (2012)

Telephone system

general assessment: modern telecommunications system with access to European satellites

Broadcast media


Internet country code


Internet hosts

10,088 (2012)

Internet users

280,000 (2009)



5 (2013)

Airports - with paved runways

total: 5
2,438 to 3,047 m: 2
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1
914 to 1,523 m: 1
under 914 m: 1 (2013)


1 (2012)

Railways (km)

total: 250 km

Roadways (km)

total: 7,763 km
paved: 5,365 km
unpaved: 2,398 km (2010)

Merchant marine

total: 2
by type: cargo 1, passenger/cargo 1

Ports and terminals

major seaport(s): Bar


Military branches


Military service age and obligation (years of age)


Manpower fit for military service

males age 16-49: 149,159
females age 16-49: 131,823 (2010 est.)

Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually

male: 3,120
female: 3,677 (2010 est.)

Military expenditures (% of GDP)

1.87% of GDP (2012)
1.95% of GDP (2011)
1.87% of GDP (2010)

Transnational Issues

Disputes - international


Refugees and internally displaced persons

refugees (country of origin): 6,967 (Kosovo) (2013)
stateless persons: 3,383 (2012)

Largest cities of Montenegro

These are the 50 largest cities of Montenegro ordered based on their number of inhabitants.

# City Population
1 Podgorica 156,988
2 Niksic 65,896
3 Pljevlja 26,266
4 Ulcinj 10,641