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Universal pronouncing dictionary of biography and mythology (Volume 2) online

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the people, the king then abdicated in favour of his
grandson, Count of Paris ; but the republic proclaimed
by Lamartine, Arago, and others prevailed. Louis Phi-
lippe escaped in disguise to England, where he was kindly
received, lie died at Claremont, England, in August,
1850, leaving four sons, styled the Due de Nemours,
the Due de Montpensier, the Prince de Joinville, and
the Due d'Aumale.

...hppe, 1842; Louis BLANC,

de dix Ans," (1830-40.) Paris, 1842; ALFRED E. DOUGLAS, "Life
ud Times of Louis Philippe, ex-King of the French," 1848; GUIZOT,
" Me"moires pour servir a 1'Histoire de mon Temps;" " NouveUe
Biographic Ge'nerale."

Louis Quatorze. See Louis XIV.

Louisa (or Luise) Auguste Wilhelmine Amalie,
Queen of Prussia, the daughter of the Duke of Mecklen-
burg-Strelitz, was born at Hanover in 1776. She was
married in 1793 to the prince-roval, who in 1797 became

King Frederick William III. After becoming the mother
of several children, she died in 1810. Her beauty and
accomplishments are highly praised.

Louise de Lorraine, loo'ez' deh lo'rjn', Queen of
France, born in 1554, was the daughter of Nicolas,
Count de Vaudemont. In 1575 she was married to
Henry III., who treated her with neglect. Died in 1601.

Louise de Savoie, loo'ez' deh si'vwa', Regent of
France, born at Pont d'Ain in 1476, was the daughter
of Philip, Duke of Savoy. She married Charles of Or-
leans, and had a son who became king as Francis I.
On his departure to Italy, in 1515, he appointed her
regent of the kingdom. She caused the loss of the
Milanese by appropriating to herself the money destined
to pay the troops, and by her unjust treatment provoked
Constable Bourbon to join the enemy. She obtained
the regency again in 1524, and retained it during the
captivity of the king. In 1529 she negotiated with Mar-
garet of Austria the treaty of Cambray between Francis
I. and Charles V. Died in 1532.

See MARILLAC, "Vie du Conne"table de Bourbon :" " Nouvell*
Biographic Ge'ne'rale."

Louise d'Orleans, loo'ez' doR'la'&N', (MARIE Tnj4-
RESE CAROLINE ISABELLE,) Queen of Belgium, born at
Palermo in 1812, was a daughter of Louis Philippe of
France. She was married to Leopold, King of Belgium,
in 1832. Died in 1850.

SeeT. SCHELLINCK, " Een Engel in den Kernel of Leven van H.
M. Louise Marie," etc., 1850; MORREN, "Heliotrope; Immortaliui
de Louise Marie, Reme des Beiges," 1850.

Louise (or Luise) Ulrike, loo-ee'zeh ool're-keh.
Queen of Sweden, born at Berlin in 1720, was a sister
of Frederick the Great of Prussia. She became ac-
quainted with Voltaire, who wrote verses in praise of
her agreeable qualities. In 1744 she was married to
Prince Adolphus Frederick, who became king in 1751.
She founded an Academy of Belles-Lettres at Stockholm
in 1753. Died in 1782. Gustavus III. was her son.

Loup, loo, [Lat SERVA'TUS LU'PUS,] Abbe of Fer-
rieres, is regarded as the most polished writer that
France produced in the ninth century. He was born in
the diocese of Sens in 805. He was employed by Charles
the Bald in important missions, and corresponded with
the most eminent men of his time, including several
kings. His letters are prized for the light they throw
on the events of that period.

See "Gallia Christiana;" "Nouvelle Biographic Ge'ne'rale."

Loupolov, See LOOPOLOF.

Louptiere, de la, deh It loo'te-aiR', (JEAN CHARLES
DE Relongue reh-loNg',) a French poet, born in the
diocese of Sens in 1727 ; died in 1784.

Lourdoueix, looR'doo'4',(SopHiETEssiER,) a French
writer of fiction, born in Paris in 1793. She married M.
Lourdoueix, an editor of the "Gazette de France."
Among her works is "The Son of his Works," (" Le
Fils de ses CEuvres," 2 vols., 1845.) Died in 1859.

Loureiro, de, da 15-ra^e-ro, (JoAo,) a Portuguese bot-
anist, born about 1715. He practised medicine many
years in Cochin China and China, and returned to Por-
tugal after an absence of thirty-six years. His " Flora
of Cochin China" (1790) described many new genera,
and was esteemed a valuable contribution to botanical
science. Died in 1796.

Loutherbourg, loo't^R'booR', or Lutherburg, loo'-
t^R-booRG', (PHILIPPE JACQUES,) a skilful French land-
scape-painter, born at Strasburg about 1735, was a pupil
of Casanova. After working some years in Paris, he
removed in 1771 to London, where he painted decora-
tions for the Opera. He excelled in landscapes, battle
pieces, and views on the sea-coast. His execution is
remarkable for facility and vigour. He etched some of
his own designs. He died in London about 1812.

See NAGLER, " Allgemeines Kunstler-Lexikon."

Louvard, loo'vfR', (FRANCOIS,) a French Jansenist
and polemical writer, born in Maine in 1661 ; died in 1739.

LouveL, loo'vSl', (PIERRE Louis,) a French assassin,
born at Versailles in 1783, was a saddler by trade.
Prompted by party spirit and enmity to the Bourbons,

*,- jasj; ghard; gasy; G, H. K.,fut<urat; N, nasal; R, trilled; sasz; th as in this.


Explanations, p. 23.)




he assassinated the Due de Berry, February 13, 1820.
This act caused great political excitement, and led to the
resignation of the prime minister Decazes. Louvel was
executed in June, 1820.

Louverture. See TOUSSAINT L'OuvERTURE.

Louvet, loo'v|', (PIERRE,) a mediocre French histo-
rian, born at Beauvais in 1617. He wrote histories of
Languedoc, Aquitaine, and Provence. Died about 1680.

Louvet, (PiERRE,) a French antiquary, born near
Beauvais about 1570 ; died in 1646.

Louvet de Couvray, loo'v|' deh koo'vR^', QEAN
BAPTISTE,) a French Girondist orator, born in Paris in
1760. He was elected to the Convention in 1792, and
Decame a prominent member of the Girondist party. In
October, 1792, he attacked Marat and Robespierre in a
bold and effective speech. He was proscribed with the
Girondist chiefs about June I, 1793, but escaped by flight
to Normandy. In April, 1794, he entered Paris, where
he concealed^ himself until the fall of Robespierre. In
1795 he resumed his seat in the Convention, from which
he passed into the Council of Five Hundred. He pro-
duced several successful romances, comedies, and polit-
ical tracts. Died in 1797. In reference to the above-
named speech, which is inserted in his " History of the
Girondists," Lamartine says, " Louvet was one of those
men whose political destiny is composed of a single day ;
but this day conquers futurity for them, because it asso-
ciates with their name the memory of a sublime talent
and a sublime courage."

See LAMARTINE, " History of the Girondists:" THIHRS, " His-
if the French Revolution ;" " Nouvelle Biographic Ge'ne'rale."

tory o!

Louviers, de, deh loo've-4', (CHARLES JACQUES,) a
French writer, was appointed a member of the council
of state by Charles V. in 1376. He is supposed to be
the author of the famous "Dream of the Orchardist,"
("Songe du Vergier,") the aim of which is to prove that
the pope has no temporal power over princes. The book
is in the form of a dialogue.

Louville, de, deh loo vel', (CHARLES AUGUSTS d'Al-
lonville dt'16N'vel',) MARQUIS, a French diplomatist,
born in 1668. In 1701 he was chosen gentleman of the
chamber to Philip V. of Spain, who afterwards employed
him n missions to Paris and Rome. Died in 1731.

Louville, de, (JACQUES EUGENE d'AllonviUe,)
CHEVALIER, a French astronomer, born in the Chartrain
in 1671, was a brother of the preceding. He devoted
himself to astronomy, and erected an observatory near
Orleans. Having been admitted into the Academy of
Sciences, he contributed to it " New Tables of the Sun,"
"Observations on the Obliquity of the Ecliptic," etc.
Died in 1732.

See FONTKNELLK, " Eloge de M. LouvilJe."

Louvois, de, deh loo'vwa', (CAMILLE LETELLIER,)
ABBE, bom in Paris in 1675, was a son of the celebrated
minister of war. He was included by Baillet among 'he
"enfants celebres," and was elected to the French
Academy in 1 706. He added 30,000 books to the Royal
Library. Died in 1718.

Louvoia, de, CHEVALIER. See ESTREES, D', (Louis

Louvoia, de, (FRANgois MICHEL LETELLIER,) MAR-
QUIS, a powerful French minister of state, born in Paris
in 1641, was a son of Michel Letellier, chancellor of
France. In 1654 his father, who was then secretary of
war, obtained the reversion of that office for Louvois,
who, having qualified himself by diligent studies and
gained the favour of the king, became sole minister of
war in 1666. While Colbert managed the finances and
increased the resources of France, Louvois contributed
greatly to the military successes of Louis XIV. He
supplanted Colbert in the favour of the king, and in-
stigated Louis to persecute the Protestants. By the
counsels of this unscrupulous and haughty minister, who
was then extremely powerful, the edict of Nantes was
revoked in 1685, and the Palatinate was wasted by fire
and sword in 1689. The atrocity of the latter measure
excited general horror. His insolence at last exhausted
the patience of the king. In 1691 Louvois excited the
anger of Louis by proposing to burn Treves, and would
have been dismissed if he had not died suddenly in the
same year. He is censured for having caused the

derangement of the finances, and for fomenting the ag-
gressive martial ambition of his master. " He was the
greatest adjutant-general, the greatest quartermaster-
general, the greatest commissary-general," says Macau-
lay, " that Europe had seen. He may, indeed, be said
to have made a revolution in the art of disciplining, dis-
tributing, equipping, and provisioning armies." His
soil, the Marquis of Barbesieux, was his successor as
minister of war.

Louvrex, de, deh loo'vRi', (MATHIAS GUILLAUME,)
a Belgian jurist and historian, born at Liege in 1665;
died in 1734.

Lovat, luv'at, (SiMON Fraser,) LORD, a Scottish
Jacobite conspirator, born near Inverness about 1676.
At the death of Lord Lovat, who was chief of the Fraser
clan, Simon Fraser made unsuccessful attempts to obtain
the title and estates. To evade the penalty of some
crime, he passed over to France about 1700, and turned
a Roman Catholic. Having entered the service of the
Pretender, he was sent to Scotland in 1702 to incite the
Highlanders to rebellion ; but he betrayed his trust, and
acted the part of informer against the Jacobites. For
this offence he was confined in the Bastille several years.
In 1715 Fraser fought against the cause of the Stuarts at
Inverness, and was rewarded with the estates of the
Frasers and the title of Lord Lovat. In the rebellion
of 1745 he was detected in treasonable acts against King
George, for which he was executed in London in 1747.

Love, (ALFRED HENRY,) an American reformer,
born at Philadelphia in 1830. He became a merchant
in that city, organized the American Literary Union
in 1845 and became its president, was vice-president
of the Pennsylvania Prison Society, and one of the
founders, in 1866, of the Universal Peace Union, of
which he became and remained the president. He
edited in the interest of this society the " Voice of
Peace" and the "Peacemaker and Court of Arbitra-

Love, luv, (CHRISTOPHER,) a Presbyterian theologian,
was born at Cardiff, Wales, in 1618. He began to
preach in London in 1644, after which he was a member
of the Assembly of Divines. After the death of Charles
I., he entered into a conspiracy called Love's Plot, the
design of which was to restore Charles II. For thi
cause he was executed in August, 1651. His Sermons,
and other works, were published in three volumes.

Love, (JAMES,) the assumed name of a dramatist and
actor, who was a son of Mr. Dance, a London architect.
A satire against Walpole having appeared under the
title "Are these Things so?" he wrote an answer, en-
titled " Yes, they are : What then ?" for which Walpole
gave him a present. He acted at Drury Lane from 1762
until his death, and wrote " Pamela," and other come-
dies. Died in 1774.

Loveira. See LOBEIRA.

Love'joy, (luv'joi,) (ELIJAH P.,) an American clergy-
man and opponent of slavery, born at Albion, in Maine,
in 1802, graduated at Waterville in 1826. He began to
edit at Alton, Illinois, about 1836, an anti-slavery paper,
called "The Alton Observer." His press was twice de-
stroyed by a pro-slavery mob. While defending his
premises at Alton against a third attack, he was shot
and mortally wounded, in November, 1837.

Lovejoy, (OWEN,) a brother of the preceding, was
born at Albion, Kennebec county, Maine, in 1811. He
was employed as minister of a Congregational church at
Princeton, Illinois, from 1838 to 1854, and was elected a
member of Congress by the Republicans of the third
district of Illinois in 1856. He was re-elected in 1858,
1860, and 1862. He was a radical opponent of slavery.
Died at Brooklyn, New York, in March, 1864.

Lovelace, (RICHARD,) an English poet, born in Kent
in 1618. He fought for the king in the civil war, and
rose to the rank of captain. Having spent his fortune
in the royal cause, he entered the French service in
1646. On his return to England in 1648, he was impris-
oned for political reasons. In 1649 he was released,
and published a volume of poems, consisting of odes,
sonnets, etc., addressed to " Lucasta." Some of these are
admired for grace and vigour. He died poor in 16^8.

a. e, i, 6, u, y, long; a, e, 6, same, less prolonged; a, e, 1, o, \\, y, short; a, e, i, t), obscure; far, fall, fit; mJt; not; good; moon;



Lovell, Iuv'e.1, (MANSFIELD,) an American general, ! distinguished himself as an actor and a poet. JULIA
born at Washington, District of Columbia, October ! LOWE, aunt of the preceding, born in 1790, was very
20, 1822, graduated at West Point in 1842. In the successful as an actress at Vienna. She died about 1850.
civil war he commanded the Confederate army at New Lowe, 15, (Sir HUDSON,) a British general, born in
Orleans before the capture of that city. Died in 1884. ' Ireland about 1770. He served many campaigns in

Lo'ven, (SvEN,) a Swedish naturalist, born at E gyP f > Italy, Germany, etc., and obtained the rank of
Stockholm in 1809. He studied the marine fauna of major-general in 1814. In 1815 he was selected to be
the coasts of the North and Baltic Seas, and was a the l ai . ler of Bonaparte in Saint Helena. He was cen-
professor '
one of

Lowe, (JOHANN KARL GOTTFRIED,) a German com-
in 1796. His works include

Died September 4, 1895.

Lover, luv'er, (SAMUEL,) an Irish novelist, poet, and poser, born near Halle i

painter, born in Dublin in 1797. He acquired in his youth i operas, sonatas, ballads, and oratorios: of the last w<
a good reputation as a portrait-painter, and afterwards Iniay name "The Seven Sleeuers." Died in 1869.
became a successful author. Besides numerous ballads Lowe, (ROBERT,) an English financier and eminen
and dramas, he produced " Legends and Stories of Ire-
land," and a novel entitled " Handy Andy," (1842,) and
" Rory O'Moore," a song. Among his later publications


rator, born at Bingham in 1811. He graduated at Ox-
ford in 1833, and practised as a barrister in Australia
from 1843 to '850. In 1852 he was returned to Parlia-

is "Metrical Tales, and~other Poems," (1.859'.) Died in nient for Kidderminster. He was appointed vice-presi-
July, 1868. dent of the education board in 1859, but was removed a

Levering, luv'er-ing, (JOSEPH,) born in Charlestown, few Y ears later - He was a leader of the Adullamites,
Massachusetts, December 25, 1813, graduated at Harvard (nominal Liberals, who opposed the Reform Bill of Rus-
College in 1833, and in 1836 was made professor of mathe- se " an( ^ Gladstone in 1866,) and was one of the ablest
matics and natural philosophy there. He published a and most brilliant debaters in Parliament. He supported
great number of scientific memoirs, etc. Died in 1892. Gladstone's motion for the disestablishment of the An-
Lovl-bond, (EDWARD,) an English poet, was born;g lican Church in Ireland, and held the office of chan-
in Middlesex, and inherited an easy fortune. He con-| ce " or of the exchequer from 1868 to 1873, when he was
tri^uted several essays to "The World," a pe- appointed to the Home Office. He was created LL.D.
riodical, and was the author of various poems, among l of Edinburgh in 1867, and D.C.L. of Oxford in 1870.
which "The Tears of Old May-Day" (1754) is highly He was elected a member of Parliament for the Univer-

praised. Died in 1775.

Lovini. See LUINI.

Low, (CHARLES RATHBORNE,) a British writer,
born at Dublin in 1837. His works deal largely with
military and naval history and biography.

Low, (GEORGE,) a Scottish naturalist, born in For-
farshire in 1746. He wrote "Fauna Orcadensis,"
(1813,) which treats of the animals of the Orkney
and Shetland Isles. Died in 1795.

Low, (SETH,) an American reform politician, was
born at Brooklyn, New York, in 1850, was educated
at Columbia College, entered mercantile business,
and was elected mayor of Brooklyn on a reform ticket
in 1881. He did much to purify municipal politics,
and in 1889 was elected president of Columbia Univer-
sity. In 1897 he ran for mayor of New York, but
was defeated. He is president of the Archaeological
Institution of America and vice-president of the New
York Academy of Sciences.

Low, (WILL HICOK,) an American artist, born at
Albany, New York, May 31, 1853, studied in Europe,
1873-77, under C. Duran and J. L. Gerome. He became

sity of London in 1868. In 1880 he received the title
of Viscount Sherbrooke. Died July 27, 1892.

Low'ell, (CHARLES,) D.D., an American divine, a son
of Judge Lowell, noticed below, was born at Boston in
1782. He became minister of the West Congregational
Church in that city about 1806. He travelled exten-
sively in Europe and the East, returning home in 1840.
Among his publications are two volumes of sermons,
(1855.) Died January 20, 1861.

Lowell, (FRANCIS CABOT,) brother of John Lowell,
(the second of the name,) born at Newburyport in 1775,
was one of the principal founders of the city of Lowell,
to which he gave his name. He was a merchant and
manufacturer of cotton. Died in 1817.

Lowell, (JAMES RUSSELL,) a distinguished American
poet, critic, and scholar, the son of the Rev. Charles
Lowell, noticed above, was born February 22, 1819.
Having graduated at Harvard in 1838, he entered the
law school of that institution, where he remained two
years, and was admitted to the bar in 1841 ; but he soon
abandoned the profession, that he might devote himself
wholly to literature. He published in 1844 a volume
of poems containing a " Legend of Brittany," " Pro-
metheus," and a number of smaller pieces. In 1848

a teacher of life and antique drawing in the National j appeared a second collection of poems, and in a small
Academy, New York. Among his pictures are " Rev- 1 volume (separately) "The Vision of Sir Launfal." In

erie," (1876,) a portrait of Emma Albani, (1877,) "Skip-
per Ireson," (1881,) "Arcades," (1882,) and "Telling the
Bees," (1884.) He also attained distinction as a deco-
rator and illustrator.

LSw'der, (CHARLES FUGE,) an English clergyman,
born at Bath, June 22, 1820. He was educated at King's
College, London, and at Exeter College, Oxford, grad-


the same year he also published the " Biglow Papers,"
a witty and humorous satire, written in the "Yankee"
dialect, on the events of the Mexican war, and a " Fable
for Critics," a charming/w if esprit, which, in the words
of Professor Bowen, is " a very witty review article done
into rhyme." It is not too much to say that the best
parts of this poem (which, by the way, is very unequal)

uating in 1843. He was ordained a priest of the Estab- 1 are scarcely surpassed either in wit or in felicity of ex-
lished Church in 1844. His principal work was that of I pression by anything of a similar kind in the English lan-
a missionary in the East of London, in which region he guage. In the summer of 1851 Mr. Lowell visited Europe,
accomplished much good. He was an extreme ritualist. an d returned home after an absence of somewhat more
Died at Zell-am-See, Tyrol, September 9, 1880. | than a year. In the winter of 1854-55 he delivered in

Lowe or Loewe, lo'weh, the name of a German j Boston a very popular course of lectures on the British
family, distinguished in various departments of art. poets. Professor Longfellow having, in 1854, resigned
irtn.<c-r T T?, T K-aiv Knrr, ,t Cr-v,,.,it (n i rfii woe (j, e cna j r o f the modern languages and belles-lettres at

Harvard, Mr. Lowell was appointed his successor in
January, 1855. On the establishment of the "Atlantic
Monthly" in 1857, Professor Lowell became the editor,
a position which he held about five years, and under
his auspices this magazine acquired a wide and deserved
popularity. Among his noteworthy poetical produc-
tions we may mention " Under the Willows, and other
Poems," (1869,) and "The Cathedral," (1870.) Besides

LEOPOLD L6wE, born at Schwedt in 1767, was
the composer of a popular opera entitled "The Island
of Temptation." Died in 1816. His son FERDINAND,
born in 1787, acquired a high reputation as a tragedian.
Died in 1832. His daughter SOPHIE, born in 1815,
became one of the most celebrated vocalists in Germany.
She was married about 1840 to Prince Frederick of
Liechtenstein. Died November 29, 1866. Her brother,
FRANCIS Louis FEODOR, (born in 1816, died in 1800.)

e as k; 5 as s; g hard; gas>;G, H,K,*#Kra/; N, nasal; s.,trilltd; sasz; th as in this. (2^=See Explanations, p. 23.)





the various collections of his poems reterred to above, a great-grandson of Frederick III. of Denmark.

he published several volumes of his prose writings, en- entered the service of Russia in the reign of Anne,

titled " Among my Books," (1870 ; second series, 1876,) 173. and as general of artillery gained victories over 1

and " My Study Windows," (1871.) Turks and Tartars. In I 7 43 he passed mo the French

Among the poets of America, Lowell is distinguished service as lieutenant-general, and in 1745 commanded

bv the great ranee, as well as by the versatility, of his the reserve corps at Fontenoy As second in command

powers He seems equally at home in the playful, the under Marshal Saxe, he took many towns m Flanders

pathetic, or the meditative realms of poetry. And we in the same year. For the capture of Bergen-op-Zoonv

always rise from the perusal of his productions with the in I 7 47. he was rewarded with a marshal s baton. He

or Loeweaupt lo'wen-howp,.

England. In 1883 e was . ,

Andrew's University, and while in England he received Liesna in 1708, and lost about 4000 men, but pursued
the degree of LL.D. from the Universities of Oxford, his course. He displayed great courage at Pultowa^
Cambridge, and Edinburgh. Died August 12, 1891. July, 1 709, and when Charles fled to Turkey the command
See ALLFBONK, " Dictionary of Authors." of the Swedish army devolved on Lowenhaupt, who was

Lowell, (JOHN,) an American statesman, borr at forced to capitulate in 1709. He was kept as a pnsonei
Newburyport, Massachusetts, in 1743. He began to in Russia until his death, in 1719.

practise law in Boston about 1777. As a member of the Lowenhaupt or Loewenhaupt, von, fon Ib'wen-
convention whtch formed the Constitution of Massachu- howpt', (CARL EMIL,) COUNT, a Swedish general, born
setts in 1780, he efficiently promoted the liberation of in 1692. War having been declared against Russia, he
slaves held in that State. He was elected a member was chosen general-in-chief of an army sent to invade
of Congress in 1781, and appointed a judge of the dis- Finland in 1742. His success was hindered by dissen-
trict court of Massachusetts in 1789. He had three sions among the Swedish officers, and he surrendered
sons, John, Francis C., and Charles. Died at Roxbury at Helsingfors, in September, 1742. The anti-war partj
in 1802. having become dominant, he was tried for that reverse,

Lowell, (JOHN,) an able lawyer and political writer, and executed in 1743.

born at Newburyport in October, 1769, was a son of the Lowenhielm or Loewenhielm, 16'wen-he-e'lm',
preceding. He graduated at Harvard College in 1786, (CARL GUSTAF,) COUNT OF, a Swedish statesman, was
practised law at Boston, and acquired a high reputation, the chief of the party of " Caps." His party having
About 1803 he visited Europe. He was a Federalist, , gained the ascendency in 1765, he was then made min-
wrote much for the public journals, and exerted great ister of foreign affairs. He wrote several memoirs for
infiuence in New England, but declined to enter the | the Academy of Sciences. Died in 1768.

