Ch 17 from gene to protein

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  1. the process by which DNA directs the synthesis of proteins or soemtimes just RNAs
    Gene expression
  2. the link between genotype and phenotype
    proteins created through RNA
  3. bridge between DNA and protein synthesis
  4. what are the differences between DNA and RNA?
    RNA contains ribose instead of deoxyribose as its sugar, and has the nitrogenous basae uracil rather than thymine
  5. nuclease
    an enzyme that cuts DNA or RNA, either removing one or a few bases or hydrolizing the DNA or RNA completely into its component nucleotides
  6. a dense region of DNA in a prokaryotic cell
  7. nucleolus
    a specialized structure in hte nucleus, consisting of chromatin regions containingn ribosomal RNA genes along with ribosomal proteins imported from the cytoplasmic site of rRNA synthesis and ribosomal subunit assembly
  9. Nucleotide
    the building block of a nucleic acid consisting of a five-carbon sugar covalently bonded to a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group
  10. Okazaki Fragment
    a short segment of DNA synthesized away from the replkication fork on a template strand during DNA replication, many of which are joined together to make up the lagging strand of newly synthesized DNA
  11. monomers in DNA or RNA
    four types of nucleotides, which differ in their nitrogenous bases, genes are hundreds of thousands of nucleotides long
  12. Transcription
    synthesis of RNA under the direction of DNA (template strand). The RNA is a faithful complementary strand and can be send many places like my transcript.
  13. mRNA
    messenger RNA. It is sent out from Transcription, carrying a genetic message from the DNA to the protein-synthesizing mahcinery of the cell
  14. Translation
    the synthesis of a polypeptide, which occurs under the direction of mRNA. The cell must translate the base sequence of an mRNA molecule into the Amino acid sequence of a polypeptide. Done in ribosomes.
  15. genetic flow of information in bacteria and eukaryotes
    bacteria do not have a nucleus, so their DNA is not segregated from ribosomes etc, which allows for translation to begin while transcription is still in progress. This is separate in a eukaryote.
Card Set:
Ch 17 from gene to protein
2010-04-27 19:46:39
from gene protein

translation and transcription
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