xarray.ufuncs.log10 = <xarray.ufuncs._UFuncDispatcher object>

xarray specific variant of numpy.log10. Handles xarray.Dataset, xarray.DataArray, xarray.Variable, numpy.ndarray and dask.array.Array objects with automatic dispatching.

Documentation from numpy:

log10(x, /, out=None, *, where=True, casting=’same_kind’, order=’K’, dtype=None, subok=True[, signature, extobj])



Input values.

outndarray, None, or tuple of ndarray and None, optional


wherearray_like, optional



For other keyword-only arguments, see the ufunc docs.


The logarithm to the base 10 of x, element-wise. NaNs are returned where x is negative. This is a scalar if x is a scalar.

See also



Logarithm is a multivalued function: for each x there is an infinite number of z such that 10**z = x. The convention is to return the z whose imaginary part lies in [-pi, pi].

For real-valued input data types, log10 always returns real output. For each value that cannot be expressed as a real number or infinity, it yields nan and sets the invalid floating point error flag.

For complex-valued input, log10 is a complex analytical function that has a branch cut [-inf, 0] and is continuous from above on it. log10 handles the floating-point negative zero as an infinitesimal negative number, conforming to the C99 standard.



M. Abramowitz and I.A. Stegun, “Handbook of Mathematical Functions”, 10th printing, 1964, pp. 67. http://www.math.sfu.ca/~cbm/aands/


Wikipedia, “Logarithm”. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logarithm


>>> np.log10([1e-15, -3.])
array([-15.,  NaN])