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The Immune System Lesson 1: The Immune Systems

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1 The Immune System Lesson 1: The Immune Systems

2 Lesson Objectives Upon completion of this lesson, students should be able to … Identify and discuss the anatomy of the immune system. Discuss the functions of the immune system. Explain the immune system and its response.

3 Composition of the Immune System
Tissues Organs Physiological processes that identify abnormal cells Foreign substances Foreign tissues, such as transplants

4 Structures Central to the Immune System
Central lymphoid tissue bone marrow, thymus Peripheral lymphoid tissue lymph nodes, spleen, and mucus membranes

5 Critical Thinking Questions
What is so critical about the immune system to one’s overall health? If one has a compromised immune system would that shorten the person’s life?

6 The Immune System throughout the body part of the lymphatic system
subsystem of the CV system Primary fx is to defend against invasion Pathogens (viruses, bacteria, and fungi) Immunosuppressants, medications, and stress can suppress system

7 The Lymphatic System

8 Watch This

9 Bone Marrow Contains stem cells that create all the cells Produces
RBC’s WBC’s Platelets B cells Natural killer cells

10 Thymus Gland Located posterior to the sternum
Manufactures infection-fighting T cells Helps distinguish normal T cells from those that attack the body Enlarges during childhood Shrinks as we age

11 Peripheral Lymphatic System
Consists of the lymph nodes, spleen, and other lymphoid tissue

12 Lymph Nodes Different sizes and shapes
Most are bean-shaped, about 1 inch long Covered with a thick fibrous capsule

13 Two Parts of Lymph Nodes
Cortex Populated mainly with lymphocytes Medulla Primarily made up of macrophages

14 B Lymphocytes Responsible for circulating antibodies
When an antigen enters the body, B lymphocytes rapidly undergo mitosis and divide This produces a large quantity of an antibody

15 Spleen Located in the ULQ of the abdomen Lots of blood vessels
Spleen’s blood vessels are lined with macrophages swallow and digest debris in the blood worn-out red blood cells and platelets 15

16 Tonsils used to be removed when infected.
Located in the depressions of the throat and the pharynx Fx -filter bacteria aid in the formation of white blood cells Factoid: Tonsils used to be removed when infected. 16

17 Immune Troop Worksheet

18 The Immune System Defense against infectious organisms and pathogenic invaders Immune response cells, tissues, and organs work together to attack pathogen white blood cells (WBCs), seek out and destroy harmful organisms

19 Phagocytes Phagocytes WBC that attacks the invading organism
most common are neutrophils, which fight off bacteria

20 Lymphocytes Lymphocytes
WBC allows the body to remember previous invading organisms Originate in the bone marrow If stays there, it matures into B cells If moves to the thymus gland, they mature into T cells

21 B and T Lymphocytes B lymphocytes Seek out invading organisms
and send defenses to attach onto them T cells Destroy the organisms that the B lymphocytes have id

22 Antigen Foreign substance that invades the body
When an antigen is detected, several types of cells work together to recognize and respond to it These cells trigger the B lymphocytes to produce antibodies This process is known as humoral immunity

23 Antibodies Specialized proteins that lock onto specific antigens
Immunoglobulins Antibodies are found in blood, tissue fluids, and many secretions

24 B Cells of the Immune System
Once antibodies have been produced, they remain in the body If re-infected, the antibodies are already there to neutralize it antibodies can recognize an antigen and lock onto it, but are not capable of destroying it. That is the job of the T cells.

25 T Cells destroys antigens which have been tagged by antibodies

26 Immunity The body’s ability to defend itself against pathogens 3 Forms

27 Innate Immunity Born with innate, or natural, immunity
Renders many of the viruses and bacteria incapable of harming infant Provided by : Skin Mucous membranes Mother

28 Active Immunity by infection or with a vaccine Is permanent ??

29 Types of Active Immunity
Acquired active immunity exposed to a live pathogen develops the disease and becomes immune (primary immune response) Artificially acquired active immunity induced by a vaccine (antigen) stimulates a primary response against the antigen without causing symptoms of the disease

30 Passive Immunity “Borrowed” from another source and lasts for only a short time An inherited immunity to certain diseases

31 Medical Specialists Allergist Immunologist Oncologist


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