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  • 1. Prepositions by Function PART TWO Preposition by FunctionCreated by Napoleon 1
  • 2. Prepositions by FunctionTime BEFORE AFTER —previous to a time —subsequent to a time Ten oclock is before eleven oclock. Three oclock is after two oclock. DURING THROUGH, THROUGHOUT —for part of a period —for an entire period, and after He slept during the day. (He slept from two P.M. He slept through the day. (He slept from 9 A.M. until 9 until four P.M.) P.M. —at the same time as another event He slept throughout the day. She slept during the football game. AT AROUND, AT ABOUT BY —at an approximate time —no later than a time We will leave at around six. We have to be there by seven-fifteen. We will get there at about seven. by the time—when By the time you get here, we will have left. TO, OF TOWARDS —minutes before the hour —nearing a period of time Its ten to four. It was towards evening when she called. Its ten of four. BETWEEN WITHIN —after a time, and before another time —between now and a length of time They will arrive between five and six. They will be here within ten minutes. BEYOND, PAST UNTIL —after a time —up to, but not after a time Our guests stayed beyond midnight. The party will last until ten. Our guests stayed past midnight. FOR SINCE —during a length of time —between a past time and now They have been here for a week. They have been here since last Thursday. IN ON in time—not too late for an event on time—at the required time Try to get here in time to help me. He is punctual; he always arrives on time. on the dot—at the exact minute Be here at ten oclock on the dot. —a century, decade, year, season, month —a day, days, a date, dates He lived in the sixteenth century. She is coming on Monday. That singer was popular in the eighties. She doesnt work on Tuesdays. We came here in the fall. I heard that singer on my birthday. Created by Napoleon 2
  • 3. Prepositions by FunctionWe came here in October. We came here on October sixth.We came here in 1997. We came here on October 6, 1997.—after a length of timeShe will be here in two weeks. ATin the morning, afternoon, evening at night He works at night.They work in the morning. —a specific time He comes home at ten oclock.He comes home in the afternoon. at present—now We are studying at present.We are going to go out in the evening. at the moment—now I am not working at the moment.WITH—at the same time asShe wakes up with the sun.OUT OF AHEAD OFto be out of time—to have no time left to be ahead of time—to be earlyWe didnt finish, and now we are out of time. Im glad you got here ahead of time; you can help me get ready for the party.to run out of time—use up remaining time.We didnt eat because we ran out of time.UPtime is up—there is no official time remaining fora specific activity.I sat down when the bell rang because my timewas up. Exercise 1— Write the Correct Preposition in Each Blank: 1. Their daughter was born _____ 1998 _____ October _____ the 18th _____ four-thirty _____ the afternoon. 2. I havent seen my friend __________ August. 3. He was here _____ two weeks. 4. The play starts _____ seven oclock _____ the dot, so be sure to be here _____ six-fifty. 5. Her mother is going to be here _____ the tenth _____ July. She will be here _____ two weeks. 6. Our neighbors always have a party _____ New Years Eve. It usually starts __________ ten oclock and lasts _____ the next morning. 7. Some people never go out _____ night because they get up so early _____ the morning. 8. Four oclock is __________ five oclock. Created by Napoleon 3
  • 4. Prepositions by Function 9. The baby didnt sleep __________ the night because he was so hungry. 10. I heard a noise __________ the night, but I was too sleepy to get up. 11. _____ the moment we are trying to study. 12. Some of us couldnt finish the test because the time was _____.Location IN ON AT —a continent, a country, a state, a —a street, a floor —a building, a house or city, a town apartment number She lives in California. She lives on Oak Street. She lives at The Manor. She lives in San Francisco. She lives on the fourth floor. She lives at 1260 Oak Street. at home—in ones own house at work—at ones job at school—attending school at church—attending church services —a room, an area of a room —an outside area —a work area inside She is in the kitchen, in the He is standing on the corner. She is at the kitchen sink. corner. Our theater seats are in the He has an outdoor grill on the balcony. balcony. —a comfortable chair —a straight chair, a sofa, a couch He sat in the chair and watched He sat on the chair and ate his television. dinner. We sat on the sofa and watched television. in bed—under the covers on the bed—on top of the covers —the water, the air, the —facing a coast, a beach —the coast, the beach environment They are swimming in the water. The house is on the beach. The whole family is at the There is pollution in the air. beach. —the center, the middle —the side, left, right, surface —the beginning, start, end Our house is in the center of Our house is on the left side of the Our house is at the end of the town. street. street. —the north/south/east/west —the north side/south side/east side/west side New England is in the north of Our house is on the south side of the United States. town. —a bodily attack —the surface of the body Created by Napoleon 4
  • 5. Prepositions by FunctionThe stone hit me in the face. He has a scratch on his arm.—a vehicle one cannot walk —a vehicle one can walk aroundaround in (car/small boat/small on (bus/train/large boat/airplane)plane/helicopter)Please ride in the car with us. Please ride on the bus with us. —an individual vehicle (horse, bicycle, motorcycle, skates) He came over on his bike.ABOUT, AROUND, THROUGHOUT ACROSS—in all areas of a place —in all areas of a flat surfaceThe clothes were thrown about the room. The toys were scattered across the floor.The papers were lying around the house.There was trash throughout the house.WITH—in the same place as someone orsomething elseThe baby is with the nurse.Im going to put my bag with yours on thechair.Created by Napoleon 5
  • 6. Prepositions by FunctionCreated by Napoleon 6
  • 7. Prepositions by FunctionCreated by Napoleon 7
  • 8. Prepositions by FunctionCreated by Napoleon 8
  • 9. Prepositions by FunctionCreated by Napoleon 9
  • 10. Prepositions by FunctionCreated by Napoleon 10
  • 11. Prepositions by FunctionNumberAbout, around, above, over, under, and between are adverbs when used before numbers.ABOUT, AROUNDapproximatelyThere were about 200 people there.There were around 200 people there.ABOVE, OVERmore thanShe has over a hundred books on that subject.She has above a hundred books on that subject.UNDERless than $895The car costs under a thousand dollars.BETWEENhigher than one number and lower than another $21.50The tickets will cost between twenty and twenty-five dollars.PLUSindicates addition 5 + 6 = 11Five plus six equals eleven.FROMindicates subtraction 10 - 3 = 7Three from ten equals seven.BYindicates multiplication 3 × 4 = 12Three multiplied by four equals twelve.INTOindicates divisionThree into twelve equals four.OFindicates a fraction 1/2 × 12 = 6One-half of twelve is six. 1/3 × 9 = 3 3/4One-third of nine is three. × 12 = 9Three-quarters of twelve is nine. indicates all, part, or none of a specific plural or noncount noun, following all, many, much, a lot, lots, plenty, enough, several, some, a few, a little, a bit, noneCreated by Napoleon 11
  • 12. Prepositions by Function All of the books on the table are yours. Some of the money went to charity. None of the furniture is valuable. Exercise 4— Fill in Each Blank with the Appropriate Word: 1. He has (approximately) __________ 500 dollars in cash. 2. There are (more than) __________ twenty-five people here. 3. I paid (less than) __________ ten dollars for this meal. 4. The number six is __________ one and twelve. 5. 7 + 4 = 11 Seven ________ four equals eleven. 6. 12 - 2 = 10 Two ________ twelve equals ten. 7. Two ________ twelve equals six. 8. One-tenth ________ one hundred equals ten.WeatherDURING IN ON—weather events (a storm, —types of weather (good, bad, —types of days, periods of theflood, hurricane, tornado, foul, stormy cloudy, humid, day (nice days, sunnyearthquake) wet, dry, hot, cold, sticky) mornings, humid nights, rainy weekends) in the rain; in the snowWe stayed at home during the They swim in good weather. I sit on the balcony on sunnystorm. mornings. He walked home in the rain. We play cards on rainy weekends. The children played in the snow. Exercise 5— Fill in the Blanks with the Correct Prepositions: 1. I dont like to go out _____ bad weather. 2. The children love to play _____ the snow. 3. They have to stay inside _____ the storm. 4. We often go to the beach _____ sunny days. 5. She loves to walk _____ the rain. 6. She gets depressed _____ rainy days. 7. _____ the hurricane we stayed in the basement. 8. _____ cold days you have to wear a warm coat, a hat, and gloves. 9. _____ cold weather it is nice to sit by the fire.Created by Napoleon 12
  • 13. Prepositions by Function 10. What do you do _____ snowy evenings? Source of Information IN ON —written material —electronically (book, magazine, article, (the radio, the Internet, the newspaper) telephone, television) I read it in a book. I heard it on the radio. She found the article in They saw him on television. a magazine. Exercise 6— Fill in Each Blank with the Appropriate Preposition: 1. I saw your picture _____ the newspaper. 2. He found the information _____ the Internet. 3. She heard the news _____ television last night. 4. We looked up your number _____ the telephone directory. 5. I read that _____ a book. 6. He found those dates _____ an encyclopedia. 7. We watched that show _____ television. 8. The article was _____ a magazine. 9. There was a good program _____ the radio yesterday. 10. Did you talk to her _____ the telephone?Affiliation IN OF ON —part of a group (association, —related to origin of place, —part of an exclusive group bureau, category, choir, chorus, time, culture, generation, (board, committee, jury, clan, club, division, family, race, religion, sex panel, team, council, crew, fraternity, group, office, faculty, honor roll, list, organization, society, sorority, payroll, squad, staff) union, political party) The children in that family are The people of that city are The women on that all good students. very friendly. committee are snobs. —a special member of a group She is the president of the college. Created by Napoleon 13
  • 14. Prepositions by Function Exercise 7— Fill in the Blanks with the Appropriate Prepositions: 1. She is _____ the female sex. 2. My sister is _____ the jury. 3. She is also _____ the womens chorus. 4. Her son is _____ the softball team. 5. His wife is _____ a different religion. 6. Is your brother _____ a fraternity at college? 7. She was the president _____ the senior class. 8. I think her cousin is _____ the school board. 9. She is _____ the garden club. 10. They are going to put you _____ the payroll next month. Description ABOUT ABOVE LIKE OF WITH —partially —better than —similar to —having an —having a physical describing unseen characteristic characteristic There is He is above He is (just) like She is a woman of Im looking for a something cute deceit. his father. honor. woman with red hair. about him. I dont see She is above He looks like his They are people of He is the man with anything funny cheating. father. low morals. the broken arm. about that. Exercise 8— Fill in the Blanks with the Appropriate Prepositions: 1. He is _____ his brother. 2. She may be nasty, but she is _____ cruelty. 3. We dont know anything _____ that. 4. His reputation is spotless; he is a man _____ decency. 5. There is something special _____ him. 6. Shes a little crazy, but there is something _____ her that I like. 7. Have you seen a man _____ white hair and glasses? I cant find my father. 8. He is very polite; he is a man _____ good manners. 9. I dont know anybody _____ him. 10. My friend is the girl _____ curly red hair.Created by Napoleon 14
  • 15. Prepositions by FunctionWearing (Dressed) IN WITH . . . ON HAVE . . . ON He was dressed in black. He is the man with the The man has a black suit on. black suit on. She came in a red dress. She is the lady with the The lady has a red dress on. red dress on. They are always in jeans. They are the students with The students have jeans on. jeans on. Exercise 9— Fill in the Blanks with the Appropriate Words: 1. The lady was dressed _____ red. 2. The lady had a red suit _____. 3. The lady _____ the red suit _____ is my sister. 4. The children who _____ blue jackets _____ are my nephews. 5. The children were _____ blue jackets. 6. The children had blue jackets _____. 7. I saw a man _____ black. 8. I saw a man _____ a black hat _____. 9. I saw a man who had _____ a black hat. Created by Napoleon 15
  • 16. Prepositions by FunctionTopic Prepositionsafter Verbs: ABOUT AT IN OF ON OVER advise know aim assist advise agree argue agree laugh glare bask complain concentrate battle argue lie grab cooperate dream expound cry ask pray hit drown hear focus fight bother question laugh help inform harp grieve brag read look interest know insist puzzle care remind rush invest learn report sigh complain say shoot participate remind speak worry contact sing snatch persist sing write cry speak stare steep speak do talk swing submerge talk dream teach tell fight tell think forget think grieve wonder harass worry hear write inform yell joke Exercise 10— Fill in the Blanks with the Appropriate Prepositions: 1. She advised me __________ my schedule. 2. We argued __________ money. 3. They dont know anything __________ cars. 4. He helped us __________ getting a loan. 5. He taught me a lot __________ music. 6. They insisted __________ leaving early. 7. Are you going to invest __________ that business? 8. What are you looking __________? 9. Why did he persist __________ asking that question?Created by Napoleon 16
  • 17. Prepositions by Function 10. The girl is going to report __________ the environment. 11. One shouldnt cry __________ spilled milk.Recipient FOR ON TO usually indicates benefit to usually indicates transfer to recipient recipient after verbs: Expressions: after verbs: bake, build, buy, cook, create, have pity/mercy award, bring, carry, dedicate, deliver, dance, design, do, get, make, Please have pity on them. describe, devote, distribute, donate, play, sing, want something, win, The boss had mercy on us explain, give, hand, introduce, lend, work, write and let us go home early. mention, pass, present, read, recommend, pull a gun/knife on reveal, send, shout, show, sing, speak, The thief pulled a gun on submit, suggest, take, tell, write the frightened workers. I wrote this poem for you. I wrote this letter to you. after nouns: after nouns: advice, answer, cure, gift help, answer, award, bill, dedication, gift, letter, idea, information, job, present, memorial, monument, present, plaque, something, surprise letter, remark, scholarship, statement, toast message, news, nothing, plan, project, question, secret Here is an answer for him. They gave the answer to him. indicates effect on recipient indicates effect on recipient after adjectives: harmful helpful useful beneficial bad, beneficial, better, crucial, detrimental unfavorable good, harmful, healthy, helpful, important, necessary, unacceptable, unfavorable, unhealthy, unimportant, useful, worse That environment is unhealthy His advice was very useful to her. for you. indicates recipients feelings after adjectives: abhorrent, acceptable, annoying, boring, confusing, crucial, distasteful, disturbing, fascinating, gratifying, hurtful, important, meaningful, obnoxious, pleasing, precious, preferable, repulsive, satisfying, unacceptable, unimportant, vexing, worrisome Those comments were hurtful to us.Created by Napoleon 17
  • 18. Prepositions by FunctionExercise 11—Fill in the Blanks with the Appropriate Prepositions: 1. I hope they give the award __________ him. 2. She cooked a big meal __________ us. 3. The police had mercy __________ the young hooligans and sent them home. 4. The travel agency had a lot of information __________ her. 5. They sent a lot of information __________ her. 6. The information was useful __________ her. 7. This fresh fruit is good __________ you. 8. The news was fascinating __________ him. 9. Is the contract acceptable __________ you? 10. Practicing is very good __________ me. 11. They prepared a wonderful suprise __________ her. 12. Is television harmful __________ children?Created by Napoleon 18
  • 19. Prepositions by FunctionState Nouns after PrepositionsAT IN ON OUT OF UNDERattention a hurry disarray a roll breath considerationease a mess disaster approval commission constructionleisure a mood disgrace board control discussionpeace a rage disorder call danger investigationplay a stew doubt course focus suspicionrest anguish dread display gearrisk awe fear duty luckwar bankruptcy focus edge orderwork captivity gear fire practice chaos good health guard charge jail high/low volume check luck high/low speed circulation hot water hold comfort love leave commission need loan condition order ones best behavior confinement pain order conflict power parole confusion ruins record control session sale danger shape schedule debt sickness stand-by demand tears strike despair trouble tap target track trial vacationCreated by Napoleon 19
  • 20. Prepositions by FunctionExercise 12—Fill in the Blanks with the Appropriate Prepositions: 1. The children were __________ breath when they finished the game. 2. The new houses are __________ construction. 3. She is __________ a big hurry. 4. The soldiers stood __________ attention. 5. All of the workers are __________ strike. 6. They sat there __________ comfort all afternoon. 7. Im afraid shes __________ a lot of trouble.SeparationFROM OF OFF OUT OF WITHafter verbs: after verbs: after verbs: after verbs: after verbs:drive, keep, move, run, cure, die, relieve, break, chop, cut, come, drive, get, be finished,separate, stay, rid pick, pull, saw, go, grab, move, be through,subtract, walk send, shave, take, pour, pull, push, break up, tear, throw rip, sip, squeeze, cut ties, fall take, tear out, part, part company, sever relations, split upafter adjectives: after adjectives:divorced, separated cured, relieved, rid Exercise 13— Fill in the Blanks with the Appropriate Prepositions: 1. Im glad you finally got rid __________ that old car. 2. He drove __________ the garage in a big hurry. 3. Are you finished __________ that project yet? 4. She walked __________ school to her apartment every day. 5. They relieved her __________ all her important duties. 6. They are going to send their children __________ to camp for the summer. 7. We cant move into the office until they move __________ it. 8. Before doing the laundry, I want to separate the dark clothes __________ the white ones. 9. Have you seen Sally? She has cut __________ all her hair! 10. It is wonderful; he has been cured __________ cancer.Created by Napoleon 20
  • 21. Prepositions by FunctionAttitude Adjectives before PrepositionsABOUT AT BY FOR IN OF TO WITHangry aghast amazed eager disappointed afraid addicted annoyedanxious amazed amused concerned interested ashamed committed boredbashful amused annoyed grateful* disrespectful dedicated contentconcerned angry bewildered prepared envious devoted delightedconfused annoyed bored ready fond faithful* disappointedcrazy astonished confused sorry in favor grateful* disgustedexcited astounded disgusted jealous opposed fascinatedfaithful* indignant embarrassed mindful frustratedglad shocked fascinated proud happyhappy speechless frustrated repentant impressedhonest surprised irritated respectful irritatedmad thrilled shocked sure pleasednervous upset suspicious satisfiedobjective scared thrilledoptimistic sure unhappypessimistic terrified upsetright tiredsad trustingsick uncertainsilly unsuresorry waryunhappyupsetworried*grateful to a person/grateful for a thing*faithful to a person/faithful about doing somethingCreated by Napoleon 21
  • 22. Prepositions by FunctionExercise 14—Fill in the Blanks with the Correct Prepositions: 1. She is ashamed _____ her sloppy work. 2. Are you ready _____ the test? 3. We are grateful _____ you. 4. We are grateful _____ your help. 5. He is very annoyed _____ me. 6. Try to be objective _____ it. 7. They were shocked _____ the childs behavior. 8. I am interested _____ studying there. 9. He seems to be suspicious _____ us. 10. She is a little unsure _____ herself. 11. I am so pleased _____ the new house. 12. Was he embarrassed _____ the gossip? 13. We are optimistic _____ the future. 14. The students were not prepared _____ the exam.Created by Napoleon 22
  • 23. Prepositions by FunctionBehavior Adjectives before Prepositions OF ABOUT WITH TO TOWARD ON someone something something or someone someone someone someone else else else elsebad careless awkward charming affectionate easycareless charming belligerent considerate charitable hardcharming crazy careful courteous considerate roughcrazy cruel careless cruel cool softcrude good clumsy faithful courteous strictcruel honest curt friendly friendly toughevil kind flexible good graciousgood mean forthcoming gracious hospitablehateful nasty frank hateful inhospitablehonest nice friendly helpful menacingignorant rude generous hospitable spitefulirresponsible selfish honest inhospitable sympathetickind sweet impatient kind thoughtfulmean thoughtful open mean warmnasty thoughtless patient nicenice understanding stiff politeresponsible unkind sympathetic ruderude truthful sweetselfish sympatheticsweet truthfulthoughtful unkindthoughtlesstypicalunconscionableunderstandingunkindCreated by Napoleon 23
  • 24. Prepositions by FunctionExercise 15A—Fill in the Blanks with the Correct Prepositions: 1. She was impatient __________ us. 2. He was rude __________ our absence. 3. Try to be courteous __________ everyone. 4. The teacher is too hard __________ him. 5. Thank you for being so hospitable __________ my mother. 6. They have been very sympathetic __________ her. 7. The old man was generous __________ his money. 8. Do you think he is being honest __________ us? 9. She is faithful __________ her husband. 10. The landlord was nasty __________ my late payment.Verbs before PrepositionsAT ON TO TOWARD WITHcheer center adapt contribute agreegrumble concentrate admit donate collaborateguess dote agree give complyhint dwell appeal go concurhoot err consent head cooperatelaugh harp listen help empathizerebel pick object lean get alongrejoice prey pay attention push harmonizesnort put pressure react take steps helptremble wait relate work negotiate work reply sympathize respond work revert subscribeCreated by Napoleon 24
  • 25. Prepositions by FunctionExercise 15B—Fill in the Blanks with the Correct Prepositions: 1. He didnt respond __________ my letter. 2. You have to comply __________ the agreement. 3. We are working __________ our goals. 4. Try not to dwell __________ your problems. 5. I dont object __________ their coming. 6. They donated __________ several charities. 7. She is putting a lot of pressure __________ him. 8. I wish you wouldnt laugh __________ my mistakes. 9. They rejoiced __________ the news. 10. The children cried __________ delight.Prepositions before Nouns IN WITH IN/WITHassent abandon humility anger dreadcold blood anger indifference apprehension earnestcompliance care kindness approbation fairnessconfusion compassion joy approval fearconsent courage love compassion friendshipdefeat delight malice confidence gratitudedisgrace despair optimism contempt griefdisobedience discretion pleasure defiance happinessdissent disdain pride delight kindnessdesolation distress regard despair painfun enthusiasm sadness disappointment reliefperson fear shame disbelief sadnessprivate feeling skill disdain shamepublic glee sympathy disgust sorrowreaction grace tenderness dismay sympathysomeones absence gratitude thanks distress trustsomeones presence happiness understanding hatredCreated by Napoleon 25
  • 26. Prepositions by FunctionExercise 15C—Fill in the Blanks with the Correct Prepositions:1. He resigned __________ disgrace.2. She performed her duties __________ grace.3. She hung her head __________ sorrow.4. I told you that __________ confidence.5. You have to deliver it __________ person.6. The woman was clearly __________ pain.7. She does her work __________ skill.8. Please dont talk so loud __________ public.9. The matter must be treated __________ discretion.10. She accepted the invitation __________ pleasure.Created by Napoleon 26