Nailah Test Bank Ch 4

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Human Health & Disease

Reduced blood flow to tissues because of vasoconstriction of capillaries in the area of inflammation

1. A patient has a swollen ear caused by a bacterial infection. Which of the following is not a feature of the inflammatory process?

Gamma globulin antibodies

Which of the following is not a mediator of inflammation?

Corticosteroids facilitate destruction of organisms and promote recovery.

Which of the following statements about pathogenic microorganisms is NOT true?

Accumulation of plasma cells and formation of immunoglobulins

A young man is struck on the cheek by a baseball and sustains an injury in which the skin is not broken and the cheekbone is not fractured. He develops an acute inflammation in the injured area. Which of the following is NOT part of the acute inflammatory process?


The most important cell in the acute inflammatory response is an actively phagocytic cell called the __________.

Elevated temperature

Which of the following are systemic effects from an inflammatory response?

Mediators of inflammation

These are chemical agents that are released when tissue is damaged, promoting an inflammatory response.

An infection or an inflammatory process is occurring in that tissue or organ.

What does the ending -itis indicate when it is affixed to the name of an organ or tissue (e.g., hepatitis)?

Blood vessels expand and become more permeable.

What happens when the vasodilator histamine is released by the mast cells?

the ease with which a pathogenic organism can overcome host defenses

The term virulence refers to __________.


Extensive destruction of tissue resulting from inflammation is often followed by scarring that may impair the function of the tissue in which the scarring has occurred. T/F


The inflammatory reaction is the same no matter what kind of injury is present, because the injury itself does not directly cause the reaction. T/F


The ability of the body's defenses to fight off a pathogenic organism depends on both the virulence of the organisms and the resistance of the infected person. T/F


A pathogenic organism with low virulence does not produce disease in humans. T/F


Resolution occurs when an inflammation is mild and the tissue returns to normal without any need for repair. T/F


16. The release of mediators from any source can trigger not only inflammation, but also the release of other mediators.


Inflammation always subsides when the harmful agent that caused it is eliminated.


All inflammation results in scar formation.

A. Inflammation of the colon
B. Inflammation of the lung
C. An acute spreading infection at any site
D. Inflammation of the appendix
E. An infection that spreads into the bloodstream
Ans: D, B, E,C, A

___ Appendicitis
___ Pneumonitis
___ Septicemia
___ Cellulitis
___ Colitis

Mast cells and blood plasma

What are the sources of chemical mediators of inflammation?

Mast cells, prostaglandins, leukotrienes

Name three cell-derived mediators of inflammation.

Heat, redness, swelling, pain

Name four characteristic signs of localized inflammation.

Resolution, repair, areas of destruction replaced by scar tissue, mediators intensify inflammatory process, mediators generate more mediators

Name five outcomes of inflammation.

"Infection" refers to an invasion of tissues by an organism; "inflammation" refers to a bodily response to either infection or injury or an antibody-antigen interaction.

What is the difference between the terms "infection" and "inflammation"?


__________ is a nonspecific response to an injurious agent.


The ability of an organism to cause disease is known as __________.

Mast cells have granules that contain histamine, which acts as a vasodilator, increasing vascular permeability.
Blood platelets contain histamine and serotonin that are released when platelets adhere to collagen fibers.
Prostaglandins are derived from fatty acids and sustain inflammatory response.
Leukotrienes are synthesized from arachidonic acid and increase bronchial constriction, attract neutrophils, and increase vascular permeability.

Give two examples of cell mediators of inflammation and their actions.

The body's natural response is the formation of scar tissue that replaces normal tissue following large areas of tissue injury and damage. Fibrous connective tissue that makes up scar tissue is paler, thicker than surrounding tissue, with limited function.

Explain why resolution of severe inflammation may result in compromise of organ function.

Chronic inflammation represents a b

Explain why inflammation can become chronic.

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