Do Conceito de Estrutura Narrativa à sua Crítica

Psicologia: Reflexão e Crítica 01/2001; DOI: 10.1590/S0102-79722001000300015
Source: DOAJ

ABSTRACT O presente trabalho constitui-se em uma revisão das principais teorias responsáveis pela elaboração do conceito de estrutura narrativa a partir dos anos sessenta e de sua crítica, em estudos publicados nos anos oitenta. Inicia apresentando a gênese do conceito de narrativa e seu desenvolvimento, na lingüística e, paralelamente, na psicologia. Neste trabalho, mostramos que os estudos da narrativa sofreram uma mudança de enfoque, desde o estudo do modo como representamos nossas estórias, até o estudo de como construímos uma representação da experiência do tempo e do mundo.

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    ABSTRACT: The marked interest of the human and social sciences in health in narrative studies has led to many forms of incorporation of these contributions in qualitative research in health. It is important to reflect on the contexts and characteristics of this incorporation. To accomplish this, we highlight the core theoretical issues involved and also situate this incorporation in the broader context of the scientific production in the human and social sciences in health. We also stress the contribution of the narrative studies for reflection upon the relations between social structure and action or between specific contexts of social interaction and broader societal contexts. This contribution can be identified in relations established through narrative between interpretation, experience and action throughout the health-disease-care process. It is argued that narratives not only organize interpretations, but can also represent a specific form of social agency. In this sense, the narrative interpretations and narrative performances can be seen as core elements in the social construction of experiences and trajectories of illness and care.
    Ciencia & saude coletiva 04/2014; 19(4):1065-76.
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    ABSTRACT: Narratives are ever more frequent in qualitative studies seeking to interpret experiences and the different viewpoints of individuals in a given context. Starting from this concept, the tradition that addresses narrative is reexamined, including the philosophy of Paul Ricoeur, the historical perspective of Walter Benjamin and the field of medical anthropology grounded in phenomenology. In Ricoeur, with hermeneutics as a variation derived from phenomenology, narrative is linked to temporality. In Benjamin, narrative comprised of bits and pieces, always inconclusive, emerges in spite of the official stories. If Ricoeur retrieves tradition from Gadamer as a fundamental component for the construction of the world of a text that makes imitation of life possible, Benjamin, faced with the collapse of tradition, suggests the invention of narrative forms outside the traditional canons, making it possible to hark to the past in order to change the present. Assumptions of medical anthropology are also presented, as they consider narrative a dimension of life and not its abstraction, namely an embodied and situated narrative. Lastly, three distinct research projects in mental health that use narrative linked to the theoretical concepts cited with their differences and similarities are presented.
    Ciencia & saude coletiva 10/2013; 18(10):2847-57.
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    ABSTRACT: This article presents data of one of the studies developed in the thesis "The narrative text as therapeutic intervention in written language problems in adolescence" (Grohs, 2009): a structural analysis of the narrative text produced in psychoanalytical psychotherapy. This analysis points to the possibility of using the narrative text as an instrument of intervention and of measuring results in research in clinic psychotherapy of adolescents who present symptoms in written language learning.
    Diversitas: Perspectivas en Psicología. 12/2011; 7(2):335-349.

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Jun 2, 2014