Deficiency of fatty acid translocase Cd36 has been shown to have

Deficiency of fatty acid translocase Cd36 has been shown to have a major role in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR). PD. One of the PD.SHR4 strains showed lower triglyceride concentrations across major lipoprotein fractions combined with higher levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol compared with the PD progenitor. The hepatic transcriptome assessment revealed a network of genes differentially expressed between PD and PD.SHR4 with significant enrichment by members of the circadian rhythmicity pathway (Arntl (Bmal1), Clock, Nfil3, Per2 and Per3). In summary, the introduction of the chromosome 4 region of SHR origin including defective into the PD genetic background resulted in disconnected shifts of metabolic profile along with distinct changes in hepatic transcriptome. The synthesis of the current results with those obtained in other (a chimeric gene owing to unequal recombination between the gene and one of its pseudogenes) in SHR (Glazier is available (Febbraio gene. Actually, several single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the human gene were recently associated with lipid levels, metabolic syndrome (Love-Gregory gene from SHR into the Brown Norway genome results in deterioration of insulin sensitivity and increase in triacylglycerol and free fatty acid levels in the BN.SHR4 congenic strain (Seda was established as a key determinant of the insulin-sensitizing actions of thiazolidinediones using SHR transgenic and congenic strains expressing wild-type (Qi within the genomic background of a highly inbred model of metabolic syndrome, the polydactylous rat (Kren, 1975; Sedova gene (Seda in the congenic strain, there was no other differentially expressed gene located in the segment of chromosome 4 of SHR origin (Table 4 NVP-BSK805 and Supplemental Data Set). The rest of the differentially expressed genes were spread across almost all the other chromosomes. In order to validate the results of the microarray experiment, we performed quantitative real-time PCR assessment of the expression of nine representative genes: ATP-binding cassette, sub-family G (WHITE), member 5 (and in PD.SHR4a was even greater than the one ascertained by microarray. Table 4 List of significantly differentially expressed transcripts between PD and PD.SHR4a (FDR<0.1, fold change >2). (a) Genes significantly overexpressed in PD.SHR4 vs PD (fold change >2); (b) genes significantly underexpressed in PD.SHR4 … Pathway/network analysis Using all 172 significantly differentially expressed genes, we carried out a systematic search for their enrichment in ontological categories, canonical pathways or disease-related gene sets as well as their potential functional connections. First, we examined the degree of over-representation of our set of genes in the canonical NVP-BSK805 pathways using the relevant module in the Ingenuity Pathway Analysis v.9 software. After correction for multiple testing using NVP-BSK805 BenjaminiCHochberg false discovery rate, we identified four pathways significantly enriched CDKN2D by the genes most distinctly expressed in PD vs PD.SHR4: circadian rhythm signaling, xenobiotic metabolism signaling, PXR/RXR activation and LPS/IL-1-mediated inhibition of RXR function (Supplementary Figure 2). In the subsequent toxicity NVP-BSK805 functions analysis (as implemented in IPA), only liver regeneration, liver steatosis and renal tubule injury surpassed the statistical threshold for significant over-representation both in the total sample of 172 genes and in the subset upregulated in PD.SHR4. Then, we proceeded to NVP-BSK805 assess the potential functional relations among the genes differentially expressed between PD.SHR4a and PD using dynamic pathway modeling. Both approaches focusing on direct interactions of identified genes or the shortest path’ among them revealed several major modules, the most prominent being formed by the four major genes involved in circadian rhythmicity (Figure 3). Figure 3 Network analysis of the differentially expressed genes in the livers of PD and PD.SHR4a strains. The figure represents network with the highest score (IPA v.9, Ingenuity Systems) derived using the whole set of differentially expressed genes between PD … Discussion The transfer of a limited segment of rat chromosome 4 including the mutated gene of SHR.

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