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For use during teaching, from the list given below, identify questions that are 'process type' rather than 'content-type'

A. Divergent questions

B. Fact-based questions

C. Concept-based questions

D. Lower order questions

E. Higher-order questions

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

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  1. A, C and E only

  2. B, C and D only

  3. C, D and E only

  4. B, D and E only

Correct Answer: Option 1 (Solution Below)

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Official Paper 4: Held on 25 Sep 2020 Shift 2


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A question is a sentence that seeks an answer for information collection, tests, and research. Right questions produce accurate responses and aids in collecting actionable quantitative and qualitative data.

Process Type Questions: Process questions require more thought and analysis and/or a sharing of opinion. Process questions are designed to test the depth of your knowledge about a subject and your ability to analyze various components. Examples include, ‘What skills can you bring to this organization that the other applicants cannot?’ or ‘What are the advantages and disadvantages of asking leading questions to children?’

Divergent Questions, Concept-Based Questions, and Higher-Order Questions are Process-Type Questions as they require students to go beyond conventional thinking and answering. Students have to analyze and deeply evaluate various components of these questions in order to answer them.

1. Divergent Questions

  • Correctness may be based on logical projections, may be contextual, or arrived at through basic knowledge, conjecture, inference, projection, creation, intuition, or imagination.
  • These types of questions often require students to analyze, synthesize, or evaluate a knowledge base and then project or predict different outcomes.

2. Concept-Based Questions

  • Conceptual questions are questions that require a student to create an answer rather than simply to recall something or to activate an algorithm.
  • Conceptual questions are higher-order questions. They fall into the third of the three broad categories used to assess student knowledge.

3. Higher-Order Questions

  • Higher-order questions put advanced cognitive demand on students.
  • They encourage students to think beyond literal questions. Higher-order questions promote critical thinking skills because these types of questions expect students to apply, analyze, synthesize, and evaluate information instead of simply recalling facts. 

Thus, option 1 is the correct answer.

Fact-Based Questions and Lower-Order Questions are Content-Type Questions as they are based on the conventional mode of learning, recalling, and answering without evaluating or analyzing the questions.

1. Fact-Based Questions:

  • Factual questions require fact-based answers.
  • There is only one correct answer, which can be verified by referring to the text or other learning materials.
  • For example, a learner may be asked to look at a passage, then answer a series of factual questions based on what they just read. 

2. Lower-Order Questions

  • Lower order questions are those that require "brief thought" and a basic amount of understanding of an already learned subject or area.
  • These kinds of questions are meant to encourage students to recall or remember basic information.

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