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You can configure data sources from within your test case (avoiding the need for an openejb.xml entirely) like so:

Properties p = new Properties();
p.put(Context.INITIAL_CONTEXT_FACTORY, "org.apache.openejb.core.LocalInitialContextFactory");

p.put("myDataSource", "new://Resource?type=DataSource");
p.put("myDataSource.JdbcDriver", "org.apache.derby.jdbc.EmbeddedDriver");
p.put("myDataSource.JdbcUrl", "jdbc:derby:derbyDB;create=true");
p.put("myDataSource.JtaManaged", "true");

Context context = new InitialContext(p);

Under certain circumstances it may be necessary to load two versions of the same driver. This is possible by definition of a classpath for the resource which points to the specific driver files required for the DataSource:

p.put("myDataSourceOne", "new://Resource?type=DataSource&classpath=/path/to/driverVersionOne.jar");
p.put("myDataSourceOne.JdbcDriver", "org.apache.derby.jdbc.EmbeddedDriver");
p.put("myDataSource.JdbcUrl", "jdbc:derby:myDatabaseOne;create=true");

p.put("myDataSourceTwo", "new://Resource?type=DataSource&classpath=/path/to/driverVersionTwo.jar");
p.put("myDataSourceTwo.JdbcDriver", "org.apache.derby.jdbc.EmbeddedDriver");
p.put("myDataSource.JdbcUrl", "jdbc:derby:myDatabaseTwo;create=true");

This will allow an application to communicate through legacy drivers to the same JDBC provider.

See Embedded Configuration for further details on properties and overrides.

See Containers and Resources for a full list of supported Resource types and their properties.

Note on <jta-data-source> and <non-jta-data-source>

When configuring DataSources to be used by persistence.xml files, the DataSource supplied for <jta-data-source> is typically identical to the <non-jta-data-source>, but with the JtaManaged property set differently. Keeping with our philosophy to free you up from redundant configuration, we will happily auto-create a missing jta-data-source or non-jta-data-source based upon the supplied DataSource.

In the example above, a new DataSource would be generated as an exact copy but with the name "myDataSourceUnmanaged" and its JtaManaged flag set to false. If the supplied DataSource was not JtaManaged, then the generated DataSource would be called "myDataSourceJta" and have its JtaManaged flag set to true.

When relying on this functionality it is not necessary to specify the name of the generated DataSource in the persistence.xml file.