The last topic that we’ll cover in this tutorial is pagination. We’ll implement a simple pagination approach so that users are able to view the links in smaller chunks rather than having an extremely long list of Link elements.

Preparing the React Components

Once more, we first need to prepare the React components for this new functionality. In fact, we’ll make a slight adjustment to the current routing setup. The idea is that the LinkList component will be used for two different purposes (and routes). The first one is to display the top ten voted links and the second use case is to display new links in a list separated into multiple pages that the user can navigate through.

Let’s be sure to import the Redirect component so we don’t get any errors.

We’ve now added two new routes: /top and /new/:page. The latter reads the value for page from the url so that this information is available inside the component that’s rendered. For this route that’s LinkList.

The main route / now redirects to the first page of the route where new posts are displayed.

Before moving on, quickly add a new navigation item to the Header component that brings the user to the /top route.

We also need to add some logic to the LinkList component to account for the two different responsibilities it now has.

The query now accepts arguments that we’ll use to implement pagination and ordering. skip defines the offset where the query will start. For example, if we passed a value of 10 for this argument, it means that the first 10 items of the list will not be included in the response. take then defines the limit or how many elements we want to load from that list. If we pass in 10 for skip and 5 for take, we’ll receive items 10 to 15 from the list. orderBy defines how the returned list should be sorted.

But how can we pass the variables when using the useQuery hook which is fetching the data under the hood? The key is that we need to pass these variables in when we make the call to useQuery.

We’re passing in an object as the second argument to useQuery, right after we pass in the FEED_QUERY document. We can use this object to modify the behavior of the query in various ways. One of the most common things we do with it is to provide variables.

import { LINKS_PER_PAGE } from '../constants';

// ...

const getQueryVariables = (isNewPage, page) => {
  const skip = isNewPage ? (page - 1) * LINKS_PER_PAGE : 0;
  const take = isNewPage ? LINKS_PER_PAGE : 100;
  const orderBy = { createdAt: 'desc' };
  return { take, skip, orderBy };

We’re now passing take, skip, orderBy values as variables based on the current page.

Also note that we’re including the ordering attribute { createdAt: 'desc' } for the new page to make sure the newest links are displayed first. The ordering for the /top route will be calculated manually based on the number of votes for each link.

We also need to define the LINKS_PER_PAGE constant and then import it into the LinkList component.

Implementing Navigation

Next, we need functionality for the user to switch between the pages. First add two button elements to the bottom of the LinkList component that can be used to navigate back and forth.

Since the setup is slightly more complicated now, we are going to calculate the list of links to be rendered in a separate method.

For the newPage, we simply return all the links returned by the query. That’s logical since here we don’t have to make any manual modifications to the list that is to be rendered. If the user loaded the component from the /top route, we’ll sort the list according to the number of votes and return the top 10 links.

Let’s have a closer look at the logic for the Next and Previous links.

  isNewPage && (
    <div className="flex ml4 mv3 gray">
        className="pointer mr2"
        onClick={() => {
          if (page > 1) {
            history.push(`/new/${page - 1}`);
        onClick={() => {
          if (page <= data.feed.count / LINKS_PER_PAGE) {
            const nextPage = page + 1;

We start by retrieving the current page from the URL and doing a sanity check to make sure that it makes sense to paginate back or forth. We then calculate the next page and tell the router where to navigate to next. The router will then reload the component with a new page in the URL that will be used to calculate the right chunk of links to load.

Run the app by typing yarn start in a terminal and use the new buttons to paginate through the list of links!

Final Adjustments

Through the changes that we made to the FEED_QUERY, we’ll notice that the update functions of the mutations don’t work any more. That’s because readQuery now also expects to get passed the same variables that we defined before.

Note: readQuery essentially works in the same way as the query method on the ApolloClient that we used to implement the search. However, instead of making a call to the server, it will simply resolve the query against the local store! If a query was fetched from the server with variables, readQuery also needs to know the variables to make sure it can deliver the right information from the cache.

We have now added a simple pagination system to the app, allowing users to load links in small chunks instead of loading them all up front.

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What's the difference between the 'query' and 'readQuery' methods on the 'ApolloClient'?
'readQuery' always fetches data over the network while 'query' can retrieve data either from the cache or remotely
'readQuery' can only be used to reading data while 'query' can also be used to write data
'readQuery' was formerly called 'query' and the functionality of both is identical
'readQuery' always reads data from the local cache while 'query' might retrieve data either from the cache or remotely