Ch 42: Circulatory and Respiration Systems

36 terms by Nhu-San

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open circulatory system


closed circulatory system



blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart







single circulation


double circulation

a circulatory system consisting of separate pulmonary and systemic circuits, in which blood passes through the heart after completing each circuit

left ventricle


superior vena cava


inferior vena cava


sinoatrial node

pacemaker of the heart

AV (tricuspid) valve

A valve in the heart between each atrium and ventricle that prevents a backflow of blood when the ventricles contract.

semilunar valves

found at each of the two exits of the heart and prevents backflow of blood when the blood pumps

atrioventricular AV node

second pacemaker of the heart, impulses from SA node travel to here




thin layer of cells that lines heart cavities and blood vessels

systolic pressure

blood pressure in the arteries during contraction of the ventricles

diastolic pressure

the pressure in the arteries when the heart is at rest


the contraction of smooth muscle in artriole walls; increase blood pressure


relaxation of smooth muscles in the artrioles; causes blood pressure to fall

nitric oxide

reactive gas that plays a role in many body processes; promotes relaxation of smooth muscles around blood vessels which dilates and improves blood flow


red blood cells that transfer oxygen and don't have a nucleus


white blood cells that function in defense


irregularly, shaped cell fragments that help clot blood


a leukocyte that is able to migrate into tissues and transform into a macrophage which devours bacteria and antigens


A type of white blood cell that engulfs invading microbes and contributes to the nonspecific defenses of the body against disease.


a type of WBC that promotes inflammation and participates in allergic responses.


white blood cell that are responsible for combating infection by parasites


Make antibodies to destroy foreign pathogens; Make antibodies to destroy foreign pathogens

Countercurrent exchange

____ between the opposing movement of water and blood through blood vessels maximizes the diffusion of oxygen into the blood and carbon diozide into the water


Oxygen enters of carbon dioxide exits the trachea through openings called


Trachea bringes into 2 ____ which enter the lungs

Air rushes into the lungs

When the lunge volume increases, the air pressure with the lungs decreases which causes

There is an increase in respiratory rate

When carbon dixiode is in the blood, the pH drops so..

Lymph nodes

Enlarged bodies throughouit the lymphatic system, act as cleaning filters and as immune respone centers that defend against infection

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