Nicola Bombacci

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From left to right, the dead bodies of Bombacci, Mussolini, Petacci, Pavolini and Starace in Piazzale Loreto, 1945.

Nicola (also Nicolò) Bombacci (24 October 1879 – 28 April 1945), born at Civitella di Romagna, was an Italian Marxist socialist who was a member of the Italian Socialist Party in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and who later became an Italian Fascist. Initially a friend and disciple of Lenin, in 1921 he became one of the founding fathers of the Italian Communist Party.[1] Bombacci was a friend of future Italian Fascist dictator Benito Mussolini. Later in life, although he was not an official card-carrying member of the Fascist Party, Bombacci tried to help Mussolini legitimize the Italian Social Republic and relegitimize Italian Fascism after Mussolini was ousted as Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Italy.[2]

He was the author of the economic theory of socialization in 1943.

Bombacci was shot on 28 April 1945 at Dongo (CO) where he had been captured along with Mussolini by Italian communist partisans. After his death, he was hung upside down at Piazzale Loreto in a public display, along with Mussolini, Clara Petacci, the head of the Republican Fascist Party Alessandro Pavolini, and others.[3]


  1. ^ Mack Smith, Denis (1994). Mussolini. London: Phoenix. p. 312. ISBN 1-85799-240-7. 
  2. ^ Smith, Denis Mack (1983). Vintage. p. 317. ISBN 0-394-71658-2.  Missing or empty |title= (help)
  3. ^ Steve Cole (August 5, 2009). "The Execution of Mussolini".