Day and Night Closed-Loop Control in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

A comparison of two closed-loop algorithms driving continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion versus patient self-management

  1. on behalf of the AP@home consortium
  1. 1Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
  2. 2Department of Statistics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
  3. 3Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K.
  4. 4Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
  5. 5Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition and INSERM Clinical Investigation Center CIC 1001, Centre Hospitalier Regional Universitaire Montpellier and University of Montpellier I, Montpellier, France
  6. 6Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
  7. 7Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
  8. 8Department of Computer Engineering and System Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
  9. 9Profil Institute for Metabolic Research, Neuss, Germany
  1. Corresponding author: Yoeri M. Luijf, y.m.luijf{at}




RESULTS Time spent in the target range was similar in CL and OL: 62.6% for OL, 59.2% for iAP, and 58.3% for CAM. While mean glucose level was significantly lower in OL (7.19, 8.27, and 8.26 mmol/L, respectively) (overall P = 0.001), percentage of time spent in hypoglycemia (<3.9 mmol/L) was almost threefold reduced during CL (6.4%, 2.1%, and 2.0%) (overall P = 0.001) with less time ≤2.8 mmol/L (overall P = 0.038). There were no significant differences in outcomes between algorithms.

CONCLUSIONS Both CAM and iAP algorithms provide safe glycemic control.

  • Received September 25, 2012.
  • Accepted July 10, 2013.


This Article

  1. Diabetes Care
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    1. dc12-1956v1
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