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					IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering (IOSR-JECE)
ISSN: 2278-2834, ISBN: 2278-8735. Volume 3, Issue 3 (Sep-Oct. 2012), PP 12-21

         Information Technology in Engineering for Sustainable
          Anyasi, F.I, 2Obiazi, A.M.O, 3Evbogbai, M.J.E, 4Akpaida, V.O.A,
                               Onianwa, C.U, 6Ebegba, D
   1,2,3, 4Department Of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Ambrose Alli University, P.M.B 14, Ekpoma,
                                               Edo State, Nigeria
         Department of Computer Sciences, Ambrose Alli University, P.M.B 14, Ekpoma. Edo State, Nigeria
  Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Petroleum Training Institute, P.M.B, 20, Effurun, Delta
                                                 State, Nigeria.

Abstract: Interest involves the review of information technology in engineering for sustainable development.
This takes a look at the relevance of information technology in Engineering with reference to the several form of
information exchange between two or more computers through any of the several methods of interconnections.
In modern global economy like Nigeria, I.T are intensively utilized for electronic transactional processing and
in supporting various fields like banking, governance, engineering, health, education research fields and
education in accomplishing their global and economic task across the nation. The emergence of the global
information infrastructure presents extra opportunities challenges for the country. The use of mobile phone in
the banking industry, its economic implications, and in general a systematic look into the various forms of
mobile banking with emphasis on the security measures that makes the whole process safe for adoption will be
outlined with reference to the technology being discussed.
         Information technology (IT) has greatly contributed to the development of a new type of
entrepreneurship based on creativity, the ability to network, openness to virtual environments and intangible
assets, high level of agility immediate responsiveness and the continues accumulation of new knowledge. This
makes it imperative for higher and broader skills and competence, through continuous learning, the updating
and enlargement of skills. In the long run, there will be improvement for competitiveness, productivity and job
creation which are measure of sustainable development.
Key words: I.T Technology, Engineering, and sustainable development.

                                          I.         Introduction:
          The advert of information and communication technology remains the driving force for socio-economic
development around the world in its charging effects on the way we think. Man-kind has handled information
for thousands of years; early technologies include the abacus and printing. The Past forty years, have seen
amazingly rapid development of ICT spearheaded by the computer; more recently, cheap microelectronics have
permitted the diffusion of this technology into almost all aspects of Daily life and an almost inextricable cross-
fertilizing and intermingling of its various branches, [1].
          Sustainable Development is a global crusade movement, a process rather than an end goal. To achieve
and sustain development (sustainable development), revolutionary efficient, reliable and potential tools must be
necessary, [2].
          Information technology in engineering today is perhaps the fastest evolving field that affects the
nation‟s economy. It is one of the present rapid growing sectors today that has been defined over the years in
many ways as that part of technology that is principally concerned with driving positive effect on the economy.
In general, information technology means the electronic capture collection, storage, manipulation, transmission,
retrieval and presentation of information in form of data, text voice or image and includes telecommunication,
internet and office automation functions, [3].
          Information system/technology can be any organized combination of people, hardware, software,
communications networks, and data resources that collect, transforms, and disseminate information in an

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organization, [4.]. Banks urgently need to improve the ability to think strategically about information technology
          Information technology, more than any other factor is clearly the driving force behind the technological
revolution of our times. It has affected and permeated every aspect of our daily life, often determine how we
employed. These tools are the Information Technologies in Engineering such as the Internet, mobile phones, e-
mails, micro-computers amongst others.
          I.T is new technologies that cannot be ignored in Nigeria especially for development. This is because
I.T is one of the main driving force stimulating development and change in the digital age.

               II.         Overview Of Information And Communication Technology
          Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is technology that supports activities involving the
creation, storage, manipulation and communication of information, together with the related methods,
management and application. In other words, ICT enables us to record, store, process, retrieve and transmit
information. It encompasses modern technologies such as computers, telecommunications, facsimile and micro-
          Information and Communication Technology in today‟s World refers to those technologies that
determine the efficiency and effectiveness with which we communicate, and the devices that allow us to handle
information. Information and Communication Technology has however played a very important part in human
life. However in the mid-20th century, the role of ICT increased immeasurably as a result of social progress and
vigorous development in science and technology, [5].
          In addition, rapid expansion of a mass of diversified information is occurring, which has received the
name „‟ information explosion‟‟. As a result, the need has arisen for a scientific approach to information and for
elucidation of its most characteristic properties which has led to two principal changes in interpretation of the
concept of information. Firstly, it was broadened to include information exchange, not only between man and
man, but also between machine and machine, as well as exchange of signals in the animals and plants World.
          One of the most dramatic advances in communication potential – data communication – is found in the
field of computer technology. Since the first development of modern electronic digital computers in the 1940s,
computerisation has infiltrated almost every area of society in Nations with advanced technology. Computers
are available in many formats for use in industries, businesses, hospitals, schools, universities, transport
networks and individual homes. Small or large, a computer network exists to provide computer users with the
means of communicating and transferring information electronically. The use of INTERNET has revolutionized
include electronic mail (e-mail), World Wide Web (WWW), file transfer protocol (FTP), USENET, TELNET.
Internet and its technology continues to have a profound effect in promoting the sharing of information
especially in academic World, making possible rapid transactions among businesses and supporting global
collaboration among individuals and organizations [6].
          The World Wide Web (WWW) can be described as a library of resources available to computer users
through the global internet. It enables the user to view a wide range/variety of information, including magazine,
archives, publications and college library resources and current World and business news. WWW resources are
organised so that users can easily move from one resource to another. Using IT (Information Technology)
learners can absorb more information and take less time to do so. Information Technology (IT) is therefore
objective in this research to highlight its significance and importance in the key areas in Nigeria. This paper
shall also examine the extent to which it is being used in support of Information delivery and Communication in
science and Technology.
          The basic idea of information and communication technology is the exchange of information and
provision services to a number of end users through the medium of communication (telecommunication) and
information technology processing.
          Nigerian today is shaped by the advancements in the field of information and communication
technology (ICT). Information and communication is integral to human society. In Nigerian communities that
existed before colonial rule, people communicated using various instruments and codes such as talking drums,
flutes, gongs, town crier and village square meetings. Many historical records are still on walls of caves and
especially transmitted through oral tradition. The use of writing and the invention of printing transformed the
type and content of records history.
          Communications on a universal scale became possible through the use of books, newspapers, and
magazines. More recent technological innovations increased further the reach and speed of communications,
culminating for now, with digital technology. For several years many researchers have been showing particular
interest in information and communication technologies (ICT). For the past two, decades, Nigerian has

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witnessed significant changes that can be traced to ICTs. The multidimensional changes (technical, financial and
economic cultural, social and geo-political) have been observed in almost all aspect of life; economics,
education, banking, communications, travel [8]. The changes observed in these areas have led to what is now
referred to as the knowledge society. ICTs have made it possible to fast access to and distribution of information
as well as new ways of doing business in real time at a cheaper cost. The evolution of ICTs has been linked
closely to the power and economic boom in Nigeria, and there has been a strong positive correlation between
development levels and the adoption of increasingly sophisticated and complex technologies. The advancements
in technology has created so many ICT tools that are necessary and useful in the development process. The new
technologies have become central to contemporary societies. Government have recognized the role that
information and communication technologies (ICTs) could play in socio-economic development and is already
putting in place policies and plans to transform the economy into information and knowledge –rich one in a
globally competitive marked. This is because ICT has offered the country a window of opportunities to leapfrog
the industrialization stage and transform the economy into high value-added information economy that can
compete with the advanced economy on the global market. Technology innovations such as the internet, mobile
telephony, video calling, voice data and video conferencing, among others have contributed to rapid
globalization by supplying infrastructure for trans-world connections. Undoubtedly, the revolution taking place
in ICT has been the central and during force of the globalization process.

         Sustainable Development is a pattern of resource that aims to meet human needs while preserving the
environment, so that these needs can be met not only in the present, but also for generations to come, [8]
         Sustainable Development simply put is developing for the present future, the process of ensuring that
the present development is sustained and maintained for the future. The field of sustainable development can be
conceptually broken into three constituent parts; environmental sustainability, economic sustainability and
social sustainability. However, this study shall be laying more emphasis on economic and social sustainability
process, [8].
         The United Nations World Summit outcome document refers to the “interdependent and mutually
reinforcing pillars‟‟ of sustainable development as economic development, social development and
environmental protection. The scheme of sustainable development, at the confluence of three constituent parts is
as shown in Figure 1, [9].

                  Fig. 1: Sustainable development at the confluence of three constituent parts.

          Economic sustainability clearly identified (ICT) Information and Communications Technology
integration and participation as key building blocks to help countries achieve development that recognises these
interdependent pillars. It emphasizes that in sustainable development, SD everyone is a user and provider of

          ICT enhance all forms of information exchange. Observation, learning and decision-making are
facilitated and business transactions are expanded and speeded up with ICT. Opportunities can be identified and
acted on more easily. Markets lead to business-related efficiencies and fast turn-over, increased productivity,
especially in the services sector, and profitability. The parameters of ICT socio-economic development must be
considered during ICT policy-making and strategizing. ICT is an important sector of economic activity,
achieving high growth rates in developed as well as in developing countries. ICT is also a platform to exchange
data, information, knowledge and a tool to implement application (e.g. e-commerce, e-schools, e-health etc.). as
such, ICT can play a catalytic role as an enable to development recent developments in technologies, reduction
in prices, greater availability of networks and a more user-friendly approach to technologies are strengthening
the role of which ICT can play in support of development. ICTs offers the developing world the opportunity to
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„leapfrog‟ several stages of development by use of „frontier‟ technologies that are more practical,
environmentally sound and less expensive than undergoing the traditional stages and cycles of progress to the
information society. Cellular service, for example, has become the first and only telephone service for people in
many developing countries where it is available much sooner-and much cheaper-than fixed service. Many
governments, private sector and civil society members are beginning to recognize the potential offered by ICTS
in overcoming structural and historical weakness affecting emerging economies.
          The “digital revolution” created by ICTs has the power to transform production processes, commerce,
government, education, citizen participation and all other aspects of our individual and collective lives; therefore
it can create substantially new forms of economic growth and social development. One the other hand, the
digital divide between rich and poor is threatening to exacerbate the existing social and economic inequalities,
so the potential costs of inaction are greater than ever before. While there are many examples of the positive
transformational impact of ICTs, the inclusion of developing economies into the information society is a far
from simple process. Infact, we are only beginning to understand how the application of ICTs relates to the
achievement of social goals and economic growth. Others caution the view of ICT for development as a
“techno-quick-fix” for solving developing problems that have spanned generation upon generation. Major
advances in ICTs combined with rapid growth of global networks such as the internet offer enormous
help to achieve broader development objectives. For example, “creating a development Dynamic: the nation has
enough evidence that illustrate the role of ICTs in generating new economic opportunities, delivering improved
healthcare and education, promoting sustainable environmental management, fostering democratic governance
by empowering people and organizations, and making government processes more efficient and transparent,

                                         III.         The Internet
          The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that use the standard internet
broad array of electronic, wireless and optical networking technologies. The Internet carries a vast range of
(WWW) and the infrastructure to support electronic mail.
and web feeds.
modern human life. As of 2009, an estimated quarter of Earth's population used the services of the Internet.
associate with by contributing technical expertise.

        Many electronic services are available on the internet. With consistent development of the internet
technology itself and with the infrastructure supporting the services offered on the net, the internet continues to
grow. The major internet services are as follows;

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Electronic Mail (e-mail)
         This is the most popular and most utilized Internet service especially in the developing countries of the
world. A conservative estimate puts the number of people using the e-mail worldwide at more than 90 million
         E-mail is message sent from one person to another via a computer network. The same e-mail can be
sent easily to one address or many addresses. Commercial electronic mail is used for the same purposes as the
organization wide mail system. But instead of being limited to members of one organization, the service is made
available to the public on subscription bases. E-mail messages are exchanged between customers, suppliers,
friends and business partners. E-mail service has cut down on the cost of mailing or sending information thus
saving time and money.
         E-mail is used as a marketing tool. For example, a company, uses e-mail to prospect for
customers and sends group e-mail to 10,000 user names all customers who have indicated they would like to
receive e-mails. With e-mail they receive a 7%, 8% and sometimes 10% response, unlike 1% or 2% response in
normal direct marketing.

The World Wide Web (WWW)
          The World Wide Web or the web is one of the Internet‟s most popular applications and it was launched
in 1991. It is a graphical, easy –to-use way to organize and present information, including texts, images, movies,
sounds and more. The World Wide Web has generated tremendous popular interest in the Internet.
          The www is unique for two reasons. Firstly it is highly interactive media bringing documents in
graphics, audio and video. Secondly, it uses hyperlink, which provides connections between different resources.
It allows users to jump from one page to another. A file in www is called the home page and usually contains a
multimedia clip. A page can link you to other web pages and Internet resources with clicks of a mouse. You can
view and download any information you need on any home page with the aid of software known as the web
browser. The web browser translates a home page address called a URL (Universal Resource Locator) and
downloads the home page so that you can see it on the screen. Generally browsers are software used to access
and view sites on the World Wide Web. Some of the popular ones are Netscape, Navigator and Microsoft
Internet Explorer. Netscape offers info seek and Lycos. Others are yahoo, and WebCrawler. The basic language
of the www is hypertext mark-up language [HTML] that is used to determine what the information will look
like and point to where you can find the links.
          The web is based on a protocol called hypertext transport protocol (http) and covers the entire operation
of the web. The http runs on top of the TCP/IP (the usual Internet protocol). As information on the web gets
easier to find, it is becoming more useful as a tool for conducting everyday business. As a commercial service,
the web is basically used to advertise and sell goods and services, streamline operations and automate customer
services. With the help of the web, businesses are wringing out time out of product design speeding up the order
The main drawback to the use of the www is that it consumes a lot of space thereby slowing the download time.
For example 5 minutes of audio can take 5 megabytes of memory. Therefore the www uses up a lot of hard
drive space.

          A newsgroup is an Internet service whereby people with common interests share information or seeks
advice over the Internet. Newsgroups do not operate as e-mail, sent directly to e-mail addresses, but as feed that
is sent to specific servers around the world. This feed happens at specific times of the day, not when there is a
new message posted to the newsgroup. The institution operating the computer system that provides you with the
access to the Internet (Internet Service Provider or a university) selects the newsgroups it wishes to subscribe to,
and this is the only newsgroup you will be able to get.

File Transfer Protocol (ftp)
          File transfer protocol (ftp) is an Internet tool used to transfer files between computers and it is the most
common method of transferring files on the Internet. Without viewing them as they are transferred the ftp
enables you to access file on a remote location on the Internet once you log on to an ftp site, and you are able to
access all files on sites and download them if you so desire. It is fairly easy to publish information on the
Internet. Many institutions maintain publicly accessible archives of information that they want to share with

         Telnet is an Internet service that allows you to connect to a remote computer to use specific databases
or other applications available on that computer.

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Telnet is one of the first applications widely used on the Internet. Many telnet applications are now available on
the World Wide Web where they are easier to use..

Internet Conference
         This is an Internet service whereby different techniques are used to allow people to discuss topics of
mutual interest. A conference can be as simple as sending e-mail to many different people or as complex as
arranging to have people link different cities, see images of each other and hear each other talk in real time- that
is video conferencing. Internet conferencing is possible, but the technology becomes more complex and the
speed of the connection becomes more important as you go from text only, to transmitting sound and video in
real time. Internet conference brings about tremendous savings on travelling, time and money.

Internet Telephony
         This is a service in which you can use the Internet as a voice telephone line. With some types, both you
and the person you are calling must have an Internet connection and be online at the time you wish to talk. Some
companies also offer Internet-to-telephone services where from your computer you can call any telephone
number in the world. Internet telephone services are inexpensive when you compare them with the conventional
cost of telephone services. If your organization spends a lot of money on long distance telephone calls, this
might be a good option for you. There are growing numbers of companies providing Internet telephone services.

Internet Fax
         Internet fax is a service that takes a special type of e-mail message and sends it to a fax machine
specified in the message. The message can be faxed to a computer (Internet-to-Internet).

         Listserv is an Internet application that allows subscribers to send an email that will be received by all
people who subscribe to the Listserv. Subscribing to the list and all other transactions are handled through email.
Listserv are a powerful and inexpensive way for people with shared interests to communicate quickly and
cheaply with an entire group of people. Sending an announcement to a listserv is like immediately publishing or
broadcasting your remarks. Many organizations are happy to host listserv that conform to their interests
.Because of the different types of software, you will often hear listserv called by other names such as listproc or

        The gopher is an Internet service of making text- only material available over the Internet so it can be
viewed online. Gopher servers were widely used before the advent of the World Wide Web, and there are still
many in operation. They can be accessed through the web browser.

Internet Relay Chat (IRC)
         This is the multi-user chat system where people convene on channels (Virtual Place usually with a
topic of conversation) to talk in groups, or privately. In other words IRC allows you to talk to other IRC users
worldwide in real time via your keyboard.
         Basically and generally, the benefits derivable from the utilization of the internet are mainly as follows;

Speed/Time Saving
         The speed of transmission on the internet is the significant benefit of the internet. A letter or document
that could take days to arrive by regular mail can be sent to the other side of the World in minutes. Likewise
searching through a card catalogue at a library can be a time consuming, tedious process, but you can search an
online version of the same catalogue in a fraction of time. The speed of transmitting information naturally saves
time and money.

Breadth/ Reach
        The internet gives you access to a vast collection of databases, documents, computer software; these
and any kind of information can be stored electronically.

Cost Saving
         Exchanging information via the internet is less expensive than using a telephone or fax machine
especially where telephone access fees are high. Likewise, marketing and advertising your products and services
on the internet can be less expensive than using conventional printing and document delivery method.

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Two-way Communication
      Audiences now have the means to respond directly to sources of information, research and opinion.

    The internet provides the opportunity for purchase and sale of goods and services. Specifically, the internet
through e-commerce has provided the business community, among others the following benefits;
 Improved response time to clients‟ request.
 Eased the process of concluding deals and financial transactions.
 Increase consumers‟ convenience and choice.
 Improved customers‟ service.
 Reduced price.
 Improved competitive position.
 Extended market reach.

           E-Government {from electronic government, also known as e-gov, digital government ,online
government or in a certain context transformational government} refers to the use of internet technology as a
platform for exchanging information providing services and transacting with citizens, business, and other arms
of government. E- Government may be applied by the legislature, judiciary, or administration, in order to
improve internal efficiency, the delivery of public services, or processes of democratic governance. The primary
delivery models are Government– to–Business {G 2 B} and Government– to–Employees {G 2 E} within each
of these interaction domains, four kind of activities takes place:
* Pushing information over the internet, e.g.: regulatory services general holidays, public hearing schedules,
issues briefs, notifications e t c.
* Two-way communications between the agency and the citizen, a business, or another government agency. In
this model, users can engage in dialogue with agencies and post problems, comments, or request to the agency.
* Conducting transactions, e.g. lodging tax returns, applying for services and grants.
* Government, e.g.: Online polling, voting, and campaigning. The most important anticipated benefits of e-
government include improved efficiency, convenience, and better accessibility of public services.
While e-government is often the OUGHT OF AS “Online government” or “internet- based government”, many
non- internet” technologies can be used in this context. Some non internet forms include telephone, fax, PDA,
SMS text messaging, MMS, wireless networks and services, Blue boot, tracking systems, biometric
identification, identity cards, smart cards and applications: polling station technology {where non – Online e-
voting is being considered}, TV and radio- based delivery of government services, email, online community
facilities, newsgroups and electronic mailing list, Online chat, and instant messaging technologies. There are
also some technology –specific sub-categories of e- government, such as m- government {mobile government},
u- government {ubiquitous government}, and g- government {GIS/GPS applications for e- government}. E-
Government is the use of information technology to provide citizen and organizations with more convenient
access to government information and services and to provide delivery of public services to citizen, business
partners, and those working in the public sector. The initial part of implementation of e- government is
“computerization” of public offices enabling them by building their capacity for better services delivery and
bringing kin good government using technology as a catalyst and the second part is provision of citizen centric
services through digital media like developing interactive government portals.

through a website or by telephone. This form of airline ticket rapidly replaced the old paper {from close to zero
to 100% in about 10 years} and became mandatory for IATA members as of June 1, 2008. During the last years,
available for certain entertainment venues. Once a reservation is made, an e-ticket exists only as a digital record
reservation number and the e-ticket number.
          Electronic tickets are introduced in road, unbar or rail public transport too. To check in with an E-
TICKET, the passenger usually comes to the check – in counter and presents the confirmation or reservation
code. In some airlines its not even necessary to present the code, as the reservation is confirmed solely on the
basis of the passenger identity, which may be proven by a passport or the matching credit card.
* Online/telephone /self – service check- in.
* Early check-in
* Printing boarding passed at airport kiosks and at locations other than am airport.
* Automated refunds and exchanges online, by telephone and at kiosks.
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Several web sites exist to help people holding e- tickets accomplish online check –in advance of the twenty four
– hour airline restriction. These sites store a passenger‟ flight information and then when the airline opens up
for online check-in the data is transferred to the airline and the boarding pass is emailed back to the customer.

          The urgent need for e- health and telemedicine made possible the inception of simple telemedicine
links based on e- mail to support doctors in isolated hospitals and then puts them in touch with specialists in
tertiary hospitals in the industrialized world, who donate their time and expertise by providing free advice by e-
mail on the diagnosis and management of patients. This store and forward still image telemedicine system is
based on the British Defence medical services telemedicine system which has been used word wide in both
military and civilian settings over all the last 5 years. It uses straight forward e-mail protocols to preserve patient
confidentiality and to facilitate archiving of referrals.
          The Swinfen charitable trust started operating its first telemedicine link in support of the lone
orthopedic surgeon at the centre for the rehabilitation of the paralyses in saver in July 1999. This telemedicine
link was carefully evaluated to assess its effectiveness. In this early period of telemedicine, the information was
transmitted over ordinary telephone lines using a 19. 2kbits/sec modern as at October 2002. The benefits
included establishing the diagnosis, providing reassurance to the patient and referring doctor to have beneficial
to the patient 89% of cases. The benefits included establishing the diagnosis, providing reassurance to the
patient and referring doctors, and significant changes of management.

          E-banking and mobile banking refers to provision of banking and financial services with the help of
electronic systems such as the internet and other computer networks. Most banks today have Electronic systems
to handle their daily voluminous tasks of information retrieval, storage and processing. Irrespective of whether
they are automated or not, banks by their nature are continually involved in all forms of information
management on a continuous basis. The computer is of course an established tool for achieving a competitive
edge and optimal resources allocation. The most obvious banking application of computers is to customer
service. Computerized banks respond immediately to request from customer for statement of accounts, balance
and account activity enquiries. With signature and image verification systems, the take to offer typical cashier
services like receiving and paying out of cash, is minimized.
          With advent of Automated teller machines (ATM), banks are able to serve customers outside the
banking hall. Furthermore, computers help banks to reduce the cost of doing business. Although, the
effectiveness of the ICT deployment in banks is another matter, the fact remains that ICT usage is now a reality.
This is to be expected in view of the huge amount of information being handled by banks on a daily basis. On
the customer‟s side, cash is with drawn or deposited, cheques are deposited or cleared, statement of accounts
are produced, etc. At the same time, facilities, interest, deposits and other financial control information. ICT
investment, by banks include ICT infrastructure such as Hardware, software, Networking (local, wide Area and
the internet). For E-banking to be effective these areas must be well managed. Banking software can be
described as the heart and soul of a bank‟s ICT infrastructure. Computers give banks the ability to quickly
respond to market trends, change in the business environment, [10].
          E-banking can also be refers to the effective deployment of ICT by banks. E-banking is about using the
lowering of transaction costs, and the creation of new types of banking opportunities that address the barriers of
time and distance. Banking opportunities are local, global and immediate in E-banking. The benefits of
Electronic banking compasses a broad range of functions and include: Electronic mail (email) improves
communication between individuals and the bank, within the bank, with the bank and external parties. The
availability of online information provides bankers and customers with a powerful vehicle for research. If a
banking function does not require physical interaction, it may derive the

          In some areas, multiple security cameras and security guards are a common feature. The New York
state comptroller‟s office has criticized the New York states department of banking, for not following through
on safety inspections of ATMs high crime areas. Critics of ATM operators assert that the issue of customer
security appears to have been abandoned by banking industry. It has been suggested that efforts are now more
concentrated on deterrent legislation than on solving the problem of forced withdrawals. As least as far back as
July 30, 1986, critics of the industry have called for the adoption of an emergency Pin system for ATMs where
the user is able to send a silent alarm in response to a threat, [11]
          The emergence of mobile banking technology systems has implications for the general discussions
about mobile telephony in the developing world. For example, it underscores the way the device blurs the
domestic and the productive spheres, the social and the transactional. Each transaction is influenced by (and

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reinforces) the structural position of the people in broader informational networks. The latest case of m-banking
systems is a reminder that an understanding of the role of the mobile in mediating both social and economic
transactions, sometimes simultaneously. Existing theory about the significance of mobile communications in the
developing world has focused on voice and text messaging, [12]. But the emergence of mobile banking also
underscores how, occasionally, innovations emerge from unexpected places and have the capability of
reconfiguring the significance of a technology to its users. Mobile theory must keep pace, accounting for m-
banking systems along with other capabilities enabled by this increasing flexible technology, offering a way to
lower the costs of moving money from place to place and opening a way to bring more users into contact with
formal financial systems. M-banking systems may prove to be an important innovation for the developing
world. However, the true measure of that importance requires multiple studies using multiple methodologies and
multiple theoretical perspectives before the issue of its economic implication can be fully outlined.

         A planned and stepwise introduction and use of ICTs in government can lead to the transformation of
the public sector into an open, accessible, information, helpful and user friendly service for the people. This
means going beyond the usual office productivity applications. Some of the impacts and relevance are:
* Increase in service expectations by the public and increasing satisfaction of these expectations.
* Increase in the efficiency and effectiveness of government.
* Greater access to and availability of public information. Less needs to travel and queue.
* Automation of most government services and transaction.
* Increases participation in government.
* Increase public satisfaction and trust in government.

                                         IV.           Conclusion:
           From all indicates, the economic impact that public private partnership has made in the I.T sub-sector,
within its relatively short existence has been tremendous and this has encouraged a health range of I.T activities
across the country. It provides the backbone for other industries and almost every aspect of the national
economy. The internet services have allowed people to always gain access to their information for business
transactions. The mobile phone in Nigeria has made it possible for people to have access to phones that were
previously the exclusive preserve of the wealthy. In addition with globalization, technological innovation
progressively becoming a reality in given number countries including Nigeria. The emergence of the global
information infrastructure presents extra opportunities challenges for the country. Information technology (I.T)
has greatly contributed to the development of a new type of entrepreneurship based on creativity, the ability to
network, openness to virtual environments and intangible assets, high level of agility immediate responsiveness
and the continues accumulation of new knowledge. This makes it imperative for higher and broader skills and
competence, through continuous learning, the updating and enlargement of skills. In the long run, there will be
improvement for competitiveness, productivity and job creation. The rapid diffusion of the Internet, of mobile
telephony and of broadband networks all demonstrates how pervasive the technology has become. The
development of any developing nation like Nigeria depends on the overall progress in its information
technology (I.T) sub-sector. I.T serves as a tool for achieving millennium development goals in Nigeria and with
the help of I.T Nigeria has recorded an average of six percent annual economic growth rate in the last eight
years. Governance and the delivery of public services in the nation‟s economy performed more efficiently
through the use of I.T which includes mobile and fixed-wireless telephony, the internet broadband and wide area
          Finally, in the information society where progress and power depends on information and knowledge,
the role technology becomes even more critical.

       ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY (RJASET) 2010 Volume: 2, Issue: 1, Page no: 45 -49. . INDIA.
 [3]   Full Issue available at the following link
 [4]   Full text available at the following link.
 [7]   A.N, ANIEKWE AND F.N, OGBEIDE,F.N, “Information Technology And Technological Development in Africa” Journal of
       Engineering Science and Applications. Vol 3(2): 2003. Pp 77-88.

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 [8]   L.A, OGUNSOLA, AND W.A, ABOYADE, “Information and Communication Technology in Nigeria”: Revolution or Evolution.
       2005. PP.7-14.www.nigeriabussiness
 [9]   A.U, NWABUEZE, AND R.E, OZIOKO, “Information and Communication Technology for Sustainable Development in Nigeria”
[10]   A, MAIYE AND K, Mc GRATH, “ ICTs and sustainable development: a capability               Perspective; AMCIS 2010 proceedings,
       paper 541. Available at
[11]   S.R, THEODORE “Wireless Communications Principles and Practices” By prentice – Hall of India, 2003. Pp. 25, 105.ISBN: 81-
[12]   Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia banking-7/16/2008
[14]   Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia “http.// banking-7/16/2008
[15]   Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

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