Invasiveness of surgical procedures

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"Invasive (medical)" redirects here. For "invasive" as related to abnormal tissue growth, see Cancer.


Non-invasive procedure[edit]

A medical procedure is strictly defined as non-invasive when no break in the skin is created and there is no contact with the mucosa, or skin break, or internal body cavity beyond a natural or artificial body orifice. For example, deep palpation and percussion is non-invasive but a rectal examination is invasive. Likewise, examination of the ear-drum or inside the nose or a wound dressing change all fall outside the strict definition of non-invasive procedure. There are many non-invasive procedures, ranging from simple observation, to specialised forms of surgery, such as radiosurgery.



Diagnostic images[edit]


Diagnostic signals[edit]

Electrocardiographic tracing



Invasive Procedures[edit]

Open surgery[edit]

Open surgery is any surgical technique where the incision is sufficient of itself to permit the surgical procedure to be carried out under the direct vision of the surgeon (although magnifying aids such as Loupes or microscopes might be used for certain types of procedures). The structures and tissues involved can be seen and touched, and they are directly exposed to the air. Examples of open surgery include herniated disk surgery, the removal of organs, such as the gallbladder (though cholecsytectomy is now mostly done laproscopically) or kidney, and most types of cardiac surgery and neurosurgery.

Large wounds can be painful and take time to heal, as well as restricting certain activities if muscle layers have to be cut through to reach the parts of interest to the surgeon. Over time, minimally invasive techniques have been developed that mean less healthy tissue is damaged to get to the parts or organs of interest.

Minimally invasive procedure[edit]

A minimally invasive procedure (MIP) like newer surgical techniques, such as Minimally Invasive Surgery (MIS), require a simulated learning environment facilitated by intensive cadaveric training. MIP is any procedure (surgical or otherwise) that is less invasive than open surgery used for the same purpose. A minimally invasive procedure typically involves use of arthoscopic (for joints and the spine) or laparoscopic devices and remote-control manipulation of instruments with indirect observation of the surgical field through an endoscope or large scale display panel, and is carried out through the skin or through a body cavity or anatomical opening. Interventional radiology may offer techniques that avoid the need for surgery.


Minimal incision technique[edit]

Main article: Surgical incision


Specific procedures[edit]










See also[edit]


  1. ^ Yokoyama T, Fujita O, Nishiguchi J, et al. (August 2004). "Extracorporeal magnetic innervation treatment for urinary incontinence". International Journal of Urology 11 (8): 602–6. doi:10.1111/j.1442-2042.2004.00857.x. PMID 15285749. 
  2. ^ Santana-Blank LA, Rodríguez-Santana E, Santana-Rodríguez KE (August 2005). "Photo-infrared pulsed bio-modulation (PIPBM): a novel mechanism for the enhancement of physiologically reparative responses". Photomedicine and Laser Surgery 23 (4): 416–24. doi:10.1089/pho.2005.23.416. PMID 16144487. 
  4. ^ Wickham JE' (1987-12-19). "The new surgery". Br Med J 295: 1581–1582. doi:10.1136/bmj.295.6613.1581. 
  6. ^ Valentin Topalo, Nicolae Chele (Mar 2012). "Minimally invasive method of early dental implant placement in two surgical steps". Rev. chir. oro-maxilo-fac. implantol. (in Romanian) 3 (1): 16–23. ISSN 2069-3850. 60. Retrieved 2012-08-19.  (webpage has a translation button)
  7. ^ Kilger E, Weis FC, Goetz AE, et al. (March 2001). "Intensive care after minimally invasive and conventional coronary surgery: a prospective comparison". Intensive Care Medicine 27 (3): 534–9. doi:10.1007/s001340000788. PMID 11355122. 
  9. ^ “Risks and Complications"


Minimally invasive procedure[edit]

Non-invasive procedure[edit]