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   SECTION I. 1. All legislative powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress1 of the SketchUnited States, which shall consist of a senate and house of representatives.

   SEC. II. 1. The house of representatives shall be composed of members chosen Sketchevery second year, by the people of the several states; and the electors in each state shall have the qualifications requisite for electors of the most numerous branch of the state legislature.

   2. No person shall be a representative who shall not have attained to the age of twenty-five Sketchyears, and been seven years a citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of that state in which he shall be chosen.

   3. Representatives and direct taxes shall be apportioned among the several states which may be included within this Union, according to their respective numbers,2 which shall be determined by adding to the Sketchwhole number of free persons, including those bound to service for a term of years, and excluding Indians not taxed, three fifths of all other persons.3 The actual enumeration shall be made within three years after the first meeting of the Congress of the United States, and within every subsequent term of ten years, in such manner as they shall by law direct. The number of representatives shall not exceed one for every thirty thousand, but each state shall have at least one representative; and until such enumeration shall be made, the State of New Hampshire shall be entitled to choose three; Massachusetts, eight; Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, one; Connecticut, five; New York, six; New Jersey, four; Pennsylvania, eight; Delaware, one; Maryland, six; Virginia, ten; North Carolina, five; South Carolina, five; and Georgia, three.

    4. When vacancies happen in the representation from any state, the executive authority Sketchthereof shall issue writs of election to fill such vacancies.

   1 The body of senators and representatives for each term of two years (see Sec. 11. ¶ 1) for which representatives are chosen. is called one Congress. Each Congress expires at noon of the 4th of March next succeeding the beginning of its second regular session (see See. IV., ¶ 2), when a new Congress begins.
   2 The apportionment under the census of 1870 is one representative to every 127,052 persons.
   3 This refers to slaves.



Sketch   5. The house of representatives shall choose their speaker and other officers,1 and shall have the sole power of impeachment.

Sketch   SEC. III. 1. The senate of the United States shall be composed of two senators from each state, chosen by the legislature thereof, for six years; and each senator shall have one vote.

   2. Immediately after they shall be assembled in consequence of the first election, they shalt Sketchbe divided, as equally as may be, into three classes. The seats of the senators of the first class shalt be vacated at the expiration of the second year; of the second class, at the expiration of the fourth year; and of the third class, at the expiration of the sixth year, so that one third may be chosen every second year; and if vacancies happen, by resignation or otherwise, during the recess of the legislature of any state, the executive thereof may make temporary appointments until the next meeting of the legislature, which shall then fill such vacancies.

   3. No person shall be a senator who shall not have attained to the age of thirty years, and Sketchbeen nine years a citizen of the United States; and who shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of that state for which he shall be chosen.

Sketch   4. The vice-president of the United States shall be president of the senate; but shall have no vote, unless they be equally divided.

   5. The senate shall choose their other officers,2 and also a president pro tempore, in the absence of the vice-president, or when he shall exercise the office of president of the United States.

   6. The senate shall have the sole power to try all impeachments. When sitting for that Sketchpurpose, they shall be on oath or affirmation. When the president of the United States is tried, the chief justice shall preside; and no person shall be convicted without the concurrence of two thirds of the members present.

   7. Judgment, in case of impeachment, shall not extend further than to removal from office, Sketchand disqualification to hold and enjoy any office of honor, trust, or profit, under the United States; but the party convicted shall, nevertheless, be liable and subject to indictment, trial, judgment, and punishment, according to law.

Sketch   SEC. IV. 1. The times, places, and manner of holding elections for senators and representatives, shall be proscribed in each state by the legislature thereof; but the Congress may, at any time, by law, make or alter such regulations, except as to the places of choosing senators.


   SEC. V. 1. Each house shall be the judge of the elections, returns, and qualifications of its Sketchown members; and a majority of each shall constitute a quorum to do business; but a smaller number may adjourn from day to day, and may be authorized to compel the attendance of absent members, in such manner and under such penalties as each house may provide.


   3. Each house shall keep a journal of its proceedings, and from time to time publish the Sketchsame, excepting such parts as may, in their judgment, require secrecy; and the yeas and nays of the members of either house, on any question, shall, at the desire of one fifth of those present, be entered on the journal.


   1 The principal of these are the clerk, sergeant at-arms, door-keeper, and postmaster. The Speaker is the presiding officer.
   2 The principal of these are the secretary, sergeant-at-arms, door-keeper, and postmaster.



   SEC. VI. 1. The senators and representatives shall receive a compensation1 for their Sketchservices, to be ascertained by law, and paid out of the treasury of the United States. They shall, in all cases, except treason, felony, and breach of the peace, be privileged from arrest during their attendance at the session of their respective houses, and in going to and returning from the same; and for any speech or debate in either house they shall not be questioned in any other place.

   2. No senator or representative shall, during the time for which he was elected, be Sketchappointed to any civil office, under the authority of the United States, which shall have been created, or the emoluments whereof shall have been increased, during such time; and no person holding any office under the United States shall be a member of either house during his continuance in office.

Sketch   SEC. VII. 1. All bills for raising revenue shall originate in the house of representatives; but the senate may propose or concur with amendments, as on other bills.

   2. Every bill which shall have passed the house of representatives and the senate shall, Sketchbefore it become a law, be presented to the president of the United States. If he approve, he shall sign it; but if not, he shall return it, with his objections, to that house in which it shall have originated, who shall enter the objections at large on their journal, and proceed to reconsider it. If, after such reconsideration, two thirds of that house shall agree to pass the bill, it shall be sent, together with the objections, to the other house, by which it shall likewise be reconsidered, and if approved by two thirds of that house, it shall become a law. But, in all such cases, the votes of both houses shall be determined by yeas and nays, and the names of the persons voting for and against the bill shall be entered on the journal of each house respectively. If any bill shall not be returned by the president within ten days (Sundays excepted) after it shall have been presented to him, the same shall be a law in like manner as if he had signed it, unless the Congress by their adjournment prevent its return, in which case it shall not be a law.

   3. Every order, resolution, or vote, to which the concurrence of the senate and house of Sketchrepresentatives may be necessary (except on a question of adjournment), shall be presented to the president of the United States; and before the same shall take effect, shall be approved by him, or, being disapproved by him, shall be repassed by two thirds of the senate and house of representatives, according to the rules and limitations prescribed in the case of a bill.

   SEC. VIII. The Congress shall have power --
   7. To establish post offices and post roads:
   9. To constitute tribunals inferior to the supreme court:

   1 The present compensation is $5000 a year, with twenty cents for every mile of travel by the most usually travelled post route to and from the national capital.



   13. To provide and maintain a navy:
   17. To exercise exclusive legislation, in all cases whatsoever, over such district (not exceeding ten miles square) as may, by cession of particular states, and the acceptance of Congress, become the seat of government of the United States;1 and to exercise like authority over all places purchased, by the consent of the legislature of the state in which the same shall be, for the erection of forts, magazines, arsenals, dockyards, and other needful buildings: and

   SEC. IX. 1. The migration or importation of such persons as any of the states now existing Sketchshall think proper to admit, shall not be prohibited by the Congress prior to the year one thousand eight hundred and eight; but a tax or duty may be imposed on such importation, not exceeding ten dollars for each person.





Sketch   6. No preference shall be given, by any regulation of commerce or revenue, to the ports of one state over those of another; nor shall vessels bound to or from one state be obliged to enter, clear, or pay duties in another.

   7. No money shall be drawn from the treasury but in consequence of appropriations made Sketchby law; and a regular statement and account of the receipts and expenditures of all public money shall be published from time to time.

   8. No title of nobility shall be granted by the United States, and no person holding any Sketchoffice of profit or trust under them shall, without the consent of the Congress, accept of any present, emolument, office, or title of any kind whatever, from any king, prince, or foreign state.

   SEC. X. 1. No state shall enter into any treaty, alliance, or confederation; grant letters of Sketchmarque and reprisal; coin money; emit bills of credit; make anything but gold and silver coin a tender in payment of debts; pass any bill of attainder, ex post facto law, or law impairing the obligation of contracts; or grant any title of nobility.


1 The District of Columbia. See p. 159, ¶ 6.

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