10.3886/ICPSR32302.v3 Tessler, Mark Carnegie Middle East Governance and Islam Dataset, 1988-2011 Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research 2012 cultural identity democracy employment ethnic identity family relations government performance Islam Islamic law marital status neighbors personal finances political behavior political interest political participation political systems politicians politics public opinion religion religious behavior religious leaders trust in government voting behavior womens rights 2012-02-15 2014-08-28 1988--2011 survey data 32302 3 The Carnegie Middle East Governance and Islam Dataset includes both individual-level and country-level variables. Data on individual-level variables are drawn from 44 surveys carried out in 13 Arab countries, Turkey, and Iran. Taken together, a total of 67,680 men and women were surveyed. Almost all of the surveys involved face-to-face interviews. Most of the surveys were carried out either as the first and second wave of the Arab Barometer, the third, fourth, fifth, and sixth waves of the World Values Survey, or a project on attitudes related to governance carried out by Mark Tessler with funding from the National Science Foundation. The dataset also includes 4 earlier surveys, as well as variables based on 34 time-specific country-level characteristics, for example, Freedom House political freedom ratings; labor force attributes compiled by the World Bank, the United Nations and others; natural resource rents, also compiled by the World Bank; ratings on the United Nations Human Development Index; freedom of religion indices developed by the United States Department of State; and linguistic, ethnic and religious fractionalization indices compiled in a private research project. Demographic variables include age, sex, education, employment status, marital status, religion, and income.