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Grain boundaries are interfaces between crystallites of the same phase but different crystallographic orientation. They can be characterized as being low angle or high angle. This article discusses the measurements of grain-boundary energy with a brief summary of different schemes for measuring grain-boundary surface tension. The atomistic simulations of grain-boundary energy, measurement of grain-boundary migration and the techniques used to monitor grain-boundary migration are reviewed. Several considerations and effects influencing the computation of grain-boundary mobility are also discussed.

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G. Gottstein, D.A. Molodov, L.S. Shvindlerman, 2010. "Grain-Boundary Energy and Mobility", Metals Process Simulation, D.U. Furrer, S.L. Semiatin

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