Sakuga: Articulating Mob Psycho’s Flames

The most recent episode of Mob Psycho 100 had a pretty impressive cut by webgen animators Kazuto Arai and Miso (Itsuki Tsuchigami) full of some of the most spectacular fire effects this season, hands down. So spectacular, in fact, that they have drawn comparisons to both Yoshimichi Kameda’s cut from Fullmetal Alchemist Brotherhood 19 (my start down the sakuga path) and Yutaka Nakamura’s work on the original. Mob‘s scene is so overwhelming that it’d be easy to just sit back and watch, but this is not a luxury afforded to those who want to know what made them so impressive. Why is this scene so good? Examining the scene with a careful eye allows us to understand why.

Seeing the difference between the animation and the manga will lay the foundation for this understanding. Comparing the source material and its adaptation, we can easily see what embellishments were made to make the whole scene far more sensual. The first panel is re-framed in the hallway, having Teruki turn into the camera before the onslaught of flames barrels down the corridor. This re-framing is a necessary change for the anime, in which the space the fire consumes is more defined, versus the negative backgrounds of the manga which offer no details as to the size or scale of the space Teruki inhabits.

Hiroshi Kobayashi (Kiznaiver director), storyboarder this episode, wisely decides to pull the camera back from the action. This enables us to see the approach of the inferno, giving us time to take in what is about to happen. The camera shakes in testament to the flames’ power. As the flames splash against the walls, waves of blurred embers rush towards the camera as if they were about to escape the screen and involve us in the same perilous fate as Teruki. Just as we suspect the young psychic to be swallowed in the burning cruelty, the long shot cuts to an extreme closeup of Teruki’s dilated pupil – and we share the emotion. Animation serves this scene far better than ONE’s original version which lacks the same sense of scale (we see the fire is bigger than Teruki, but that’s it). It’s a vast improvement because it emotionally involves the viewer.

Kazuto Arai’s opening is key to the whole scene. The flames take a liquid form of liquid, setting up the scene instantly with an emotional paradox. From it’s first frame, the scene projects the sensation of drowning; of being totally washed over. Like water, the flames have a weight to them that traps us in the moment. They submerge us in a whole new world where we cannot see outside of the fire. But cleverly, Arai gives the flames a sort of texture that clearly demonstrates to us that it is fire we are seeing. Yet, we can relate to the sensation of drowning and scorching. We hold our breath out of the dual fear of engulfing water and burning flame.


Arai clearly identifies the flames as an attacking force: they are the ‘bad guy’. Captivating is his use of flickering silhouette to transfer these feelings of danger on to the villain, Miyagawa. Tails of the blaze climb each other in a constant, fierce updraft, their ethereal rage and inconsistency depicted perfectly in the surreal movement of on-the-ones animation. Literally every frame showcases the flame taking a new pose of stylish danger. In the exact same nature, the silhouette of Miyagawa emerges from the flame, and for a brief moment, he is as incorporeal as the fire – he is the fire.

A quick swirl of flame serves as a wipe transition, and Miso takes control of the cut from Arai by mimicking his silhouette style. Miso takes advantage of the constantly changing nature of the scene to shift into his much brighter and cartoon-like style. The burning background is assigned a scratchy depth from hatched lines–almost like the fire would have texture if you touched it–but it’s still unfriendly nonetheless. But as soon as Miyagawa is brought into the light, a second extreme closeup of Teruki keys us into his emotional state. The intensity and thickness of his expression keeps the audience attuned to the serious peril of the situation. Following this is a more traditional framed closeup of the insidious and crazed assailant. We are not meant to relate to him, so the camera is pulled back to insinuate the idea that this may be a shot from Teruki’s perspective. Every cut is a stylistic shift, but this locks so perfectly into the emotion of the moment.

It’s a perfect storm of sakuga. The artist now has the power and ability to shift from style to style, and the villain will automatically identify with that style since he is part of the scene. Or, maybe it’s the other way around, and he is the scene. During the course of the fight, flames transition from debris-like globs to lifelike towering glows, wisps flowing in the direction of the action, then back to a near liquid type of form with glare, shine, and all.

Every shot of Teruki serves as our portal into the hellish inferno, and through repeated closeups we come to trust his senses. This is part of being the good guy. We can relate to chapped lips in the heat of a summer day, only now it’s intensified a hundred fold; and, because we can relate to it, we can feel it. What’s interesting about all of this is how less sensate this scene is in the manga. True, manga has no control over the time the readers’ eye stays on any given panel, but it’s not the paneling or other disadvantageous elements of the medium that lead to this scene’s failing. Rather, it’s the framing entirely. Too often the limited page space prevents the flames from being an all-encompassing force. Part of the blame also goes to the introduction of Miyagawa, who is not shown to be part of the fire but apart from it. The emotional math is not ‘Teruki vs Evil Fire’ but ‘Teruki vs Guy-Who-Uses-Fire’; it just doesn’t evoke the same feelings as the animated version of the scene.

The anime solves this emotional math problem with the use of long shots, establishing a sense of space the manga does not provide. This space also places greater importance on the previously mentioned closeups; long shots have a tendency to place us outside (or away) from the conflict. We see it as a bystander does. Important details in tone are given in these closeups, and the fight is shot in such a masterful way that the long shots expand that tone instead of diminishing it. The finale of the clash relies on this synergy to reach resolution. With the flames contained (contrasted in a shot with shallow depth of field -shot 2), Miyagawa is defeated in a manner reminiscent to Kameda’s work with Roy Mustang.

With tensions cooled, the final shot is a long shot.  The background is visible, the fire gone. Teruki, in his pink sweater, is the last splash of unmuted color, standing victorious. We are detached from the intensity present mere seconds ago, and, as the characters are shrunk against the background, Miyagawa’s defeat is trivialized by both the mere flick of a finger and also the amount of space devoted to it. The entire scene lasts for a whole two minutes, a decent chunk of time for consistent and dynamic sakuga to be on screen. But for two minutes, it was the episode.



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  1. Great breakdown. This was the standout scene of the episode for me too. Arai’s key animation ( looks just like water and I think the color team did a great job getting across that sense of danger and heat. Would love to see more scene breakdowns like this on the site.

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  2. Yup, almost every scene that BONES touched was made better, and sometimes even had some neat new ideas incorporated.

    So, now that you’ve read up this far, does it seem like I’m a fanboy talking out of my rear when I talk about how much episode six suffered, and about how much better the overall story thus far is because of how much better the characters were treated?


    • I am happy you are able to enjoy this series so differently than myself. I would still never think to call this scene the heart of the episode. I would gravitate towards Shigeo trying to be true to himself while fighting Tsuchiha, and also thinking about getting to Ritsu.

      Talking about how Miyagawa blends with the fire here rather than using it is a neat distinction. I do not think ONE has ever made a character that embodies an element of nature like this before… Probably the Rock-people from a OPM redraw omake come the closest.

      ONE also definetly has not focused as much on motion in this manga, BONES really must’ve tried to make excorcisms look that cool. The all that creative extra motion near the climax of episode twelve was super cool, too— but doesn’t it seem a little messy to you? It seems really hard to follow, and the character models seem to be blurred the same way the background is, so some of the action is hard to follow, such as who is punching Ritsu or nearly everything between Teruki and Sakurai.

      If that is meant to represent the unclear and disorienting nature of the situation according to Shigeo, then I do not think that this added meaning justifies the messiness of that sequence. Not to mention that the interior walls of the Seventh Branch are boring, and we spend a LOT of time watching them crumble. I’m sure you’ll bring that up in a few days.


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