English [en]

GNU's Bulletin, vol. 1 no. 23, July, 1997

Table of Contents

GNU's Who

Thomas Bushnell, n/BSG (whose name used to be Michael) and Miles Bader work on the Hurd. Karl Heuer enhances Emacs and is working on an accounting package, and with Ian Murdock is in charge of making Deluxe Distributions. Jim Blandy is working on GUILE, GNU's Ubiquitous Intelligent Language for Extension, and Teak, a desktop interface.

Melissa Weisshaus is working on special documentation projects.

Prof. Masayuki Ida is our Vice President for Japan. He is organizing Japanese seminars, working with GNU's friends in Japan, etc. Brian Youmans is our Distribution Manager and handles online inquiries. Paul Wendt has joined the FSF to handle the phones and much of the administrative work in the office. Carol Botteron, Robert J. Chassell, Tami Friedman, Peter H. Salus, and Len Tower Jr. have left the FSF. Tami continues to volunteer for GNU as our Administrivia Coordinator. We thank them for their hard work.

Volunteers Steve Morningthunder and Alex Bernadin help to coordinate all of the many volunteers in the GNU Project. Volunteer Paul van Gool coordinates our volunteer system administrators. Richard Stallman continues as a volunteer who does countless tasks, such as Emacs maintenance. Volunteer Phil Nelson works on our Web site.

Administrivia and Copyright

Written & Edited by Karl Heuer.
Illustrations by Etienne Suvasa.
Japanese Edition by Mieko Hikichi and Nobuyuki Hikichi
ISSN (International Standard Serial Number): 1075-7813

The GNU's Bulletin is published at (approximately) the end of January and the end of July each year. Please note that there is no postal mailing list. To get a copy, send your name and address with your request to the address on the top menu. Enclosing $1.00 in U.S. Postage and/or a donation of a few dollars is appreciated but not required. If you're outside the USA, sending a mailing label and enough International Reply Coupons for a package of about 100 grams is appreciated but not required. (Including a few extra International Reply Coupons for copying costs is also appreciated.)

Copyright (C) 1997 Free Software Foundation, Inc.


Other GPL'ed Software


What Is the FSF?






Gerald J. Sussman and Harold Abelson, Directors.

What Is Copyleft?




What Is Linux?

Linux (named after its main author, Linus Torvalds) is a GPLed kernel that implements POSIX.1 functionality with SysV & BSD extensions. GNU/Linux systems are now available for Alpha & 386/486/Pentium/Pentium Pro machines with one of these buses: ISA, VLB, EISA, PCI. An m68k port is in testing (it runs on high end Amiga & Atari computers). MIPS, PowerPC & Sparc ports are being worked on. FTP it from tsx-11.mit.edu in `/pub/linux' (USA) & from ftp.funet.fi in `/pub/Linux' (Europe).

Ask majordomo@vger.rutgers.edu about mailing lists. See USENET newsgroups, e.g. comp.os.linux.misc, for news.

What Is a GNU/Linux system?

by Richard M. Stallman


Linux is a kernel, compatible with the Unix kernel, written by Linus Torvalds. There are several different distributions available via FTP and CD-ROM. None are distributed by the FSF at this time.


We found some components already available as free software--for example, the X Window System & TeX. Naturally we decided to use them, since the job was big enough even with short cuts. We got other components by helping to convince their developers to free them--for example, the Berkeley network utilities.

The rest of components, we had to write. These include Emacs, the GNU C & C++ compilers & libraries, Bash, Ghostscript, Groff, & many others.


Until recently, users couldn't run the GNU system, because one part (the kernel; see section What Is the Hurd?) was not yet ready. (We made the first test release in August 1996.) However, for a few years now, it has been possible to put together the Linux kernel and the almost-complete GNU system, resulting in a complete Unix-like free operating system suitable for actual use.

While commonly referred to as "Linux systems", we prefer the term "Linux-based GNU systems," or "GNU/Linux systems" for short, since these systems are mostly the same as the GNU system. This gives Linus credit for the kernel that he wrote, while indicating that these systems as a whole are variants of the GNU system.



When users install a system which they call "Linux," they can easily miss ever seeing the GNU idea--or feel that it only indirectly touches on them and what they are doing. And if the GNU idea is not widely known or not taken seriously, it will not persuade as many people to write new free software.

A conference was held this year on the topic of developing "Linux applications". This conference was about using the GNU system, but the conference announcement did not mention the word GNU. Instead of encouraging users to write more free software, it did just the opposite. It included a panel entitled, "Licenses and licensing--I don't want to give away my application!!!" (The three `!' marks appeared in the announcement).

Of course, these conference organizers are entitled to state their views. But it would be harder for these views to gather support if the conference attendees recognized the operating system under discussion as a variant of the GNU system, and thought about these views in contrast with the GNU philosophy.

So please help make people aware of this relationship--please use "Linux-based GNU system" or "GNU/Linux" when you talk about a system which is a combination of Linux and GNU.

What Is the Hurd?




We have made several test releases of the Hurd. See section GNUs Flashes, for recent progress.


You can obtain test releases of the Hurd from a GNU FTP host (see section How to Get GNU Software) along with complete binaries for an i386 GNU system. We will not be distributing these on CD-ROM until they are more stable.

Become a Patron of the FSF



Free Software Redistributors Donate

The French redistributor PACT has agreed to donate $1.00 for each GNU/Linux CD that they sell.

Red Hat Software has agreed to donate $1.00 to the FSF for every copy of Red Hat Archives sold. They have also added a GNU logo to the back of that CD with the words "Supports the Free Software Foundation".


The Sun Users Group Deutschland has made it even clearer: their CD says, "Price 90 DM, + 12 DM donation to the FSF." We thank them for their contribution to our efforts.

Kyoto Micro Computer of Japan regularly gives us 10% of their GNU-related sales.

Mr. Hiroshi, Mr. Kojima, and the other authors of the Linux Primer in Japan have donated money from the sales of their book.

Infomagic has continued to make sizable donations to the FSF.

At the request of author Arnold Robbins, Specialized Systems Consultants, Inc. continues to donate 3% of their gross revenues from selling Effective AWK Programming. We would also like to acknowledge the many SSC authors who have donated their royalties and fees to the FSF.







Help from Free Software Companies



   Wingnut Project
   Software Research Associates, Inc.
   1-1-1 Hirakawa-cho, Chiyoda-ku
   Tokyo 102, Japan

   Phone:  (+81-3)3234-2611
   Fax:    (+81-3)3942-5174
   E-mail: info-wingnut@sra.co.jp

New European Distributor

The Free Software Foundation now has a European distribution agent: GNU Distribution Europe, Belgium.

Users in European Community countries can order GNU manuals, CD-ROMs and T-shirts through this distribution agent, and get a lower overall price (due to reduced shipping costs) and quicker delivery. Their address is

   GNU Distribution Europe, Belgium
   Sportstaat 28
   9000 Gent

   Phone: +32-9-2227542
   Fax:   +32-9-2224976
   Email: europe-order@gnu.ai.mit.edu.


Emacspeak is a speech output extension to Emacs. You listen instead of look. It allows someone who cannot see to work well with a computer.

T. V. Raman, who created Emacspeak, wrote it to use different voice personalities for different types of text: a WWW link sounds different from quoted text which in turn sounds different from regular text.

Raman wrote:

When you take a tty driver and make it speak (this is essentially what all PC screenreaders under DOS do), all you get to hear is the contents of the display; you're responsible for figuring out why it's there.

So, for instance, when a calendar application lays out the calendar to produce a well-formatted tabular display, it looks nice; but the blind user hears "1 2 3 4 5 6 7 2 3 4 5 6 ..." or some such garbage; believe me; I've used such an interface for the last five years. So now you've got to figure out that for instance 27 April is a Thursday by checking which screen column the figure "27" appears in.

Emacspeak has a completely different approach to speech enabling Emacs apps (which as you know are numerous). Emacspeak looks at the program environment and data of the applications, and speaks the information the way it should be spoken. So in the case of the calendar, you hear "Thursday, April 27, 1995".

This means you do not need to look at a display to read news or mail, browse the Web, use Calc, write code or a novel.

In addition to appropriately different voices, Emacspeak provides non-speech auditory cues so you don't lose track of what is going on.

Emacspeak is in `ftp://ftp.cs.cornell.edu/pub/raman/emacspeak' or `http://cs.cornell.edu/home/raman/emacspeak'.

Display Ghostscript Project

The Free Software Foundation and Net Community are seeking to raise $11,000 to fund the completion of Display Ghostscript--that is, extending Ghostscript to support the Display Postscript features. So far we have raised $5600, slightly over half of the target.

If you would like to contribute, please send a donation to the Free Software Foundation and state that it is meant for Display Ghostscript.

Replacing Qt

The GNU Project is looking for volunteers to work on developing a free compatible replacement for the Qt GUI toolkit.

Qt is not free software because its distribution terms are too restrictive. Users do not have the freedom to make changes, or the freedom to release their changes for the community to use--freedoms which are a crucial part of the meaning of free software. Even developing an application program which uses unmodified Qt carries, in some cases, an unacceptable requirement--to notify the owners of Qt.

A secondary consequence of the restrictions on Qt is that linking Qt together with code covered by the GNU GPL violates the GNU GPL, because the combined program is not free software. (It makes no difference whether the linking is done statically or dynamically; either way is creating a combined program which the GPL applies to.)

But Qt is available to run at no charge, and some developers of free applications are starting to make their programs use it.

This a serious problem for developing completely free operating systems. Qt cannot be included in a free operating system, because any system which contains Qt is, by consequence, no longer entirely free software.

If a free application needs Qt in order to run, free operating systems cannot use that application either. We would be legally permitted to use the application itself, and the system could still be free--but including the application without Qt won't be any use.

The only feasible way to make these applications run on free systems is to develop a free substitute for Qt. Hence this project.

To make the goal precise, the new GUI toolkit needs to be mostly compatible with Qt in regard to API. How compatible must it be? Compatible enough that it is easy to make the free applications use it. In other words, this library should be compatible enough to do the job of making the applications run.

This new toolkit does not need to have each and every feature that Qt has. It just needs to have the features that the free applications use and cannot easily do without.

The screen appearance and behavior of the replacement package do not necessarily have to be compatible with Qt. If they are convenient and work well with the applications that use the library, that is good enough.

Please send email to gnu@prep.ai.mit.edu if you would like to help with this project.

This project will take some time. In the mean time, if you are developing a free application, please do not use Qt. Please use a free GUI toolkit instead.

GNUs Flashes

Help the Translation Project

GNU is going international! The Translation Project gets users, translators, & maintainers together, so free software will gradually get to speak many native languages. As of April 1997, we have internationalized 27 packages into 16 languages, using 159 translation files; the translation teams have 422 subscribed members.


If you want to start a new team, or want more information on existing teams or other aspects of this project, write gnu-translation@iro.umontreal.ca. Also see section GNU Software, for information about gettext, the tool the Translation Project uses to help translators and programmers.

GNU & Other Free Software in Japan


nepoch (the Japanese version of Epoch) & MULE are available and widely used in Japan. MULE (the MULtilingual Enhancement of GNU Emacs) can handle many character sets at once. Its features have been merged into the principal version of Emacs. See section GNU Software, for more details on MULE. The FSF does not distribute nepoch, but MULE is available on the section July 1997 Source Code CD-ROMs. FTP it from sh.wide.ad.jp in `/JAPAN/mule', or etlport.etl.go.jp in `/pub/mule'.

The Village Center, Inc. prints a Japanese translation (ISBN 4-938704-02-1) of the GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual and puts the Texinfo source on various bulletin boards, and prints each issue of the Japanese GNU's Bulletin. They also publish Nobuyuki & Mieko's Think GNU (ISBN 4-938704-10-2); this may be the first non-FSF copylefted publication in Japan. They also redistribute GNU CD-ROMs at this bookstore:

   Shosen Grande
   Tokyo 101, Japan

   Telephone: 03-3295-0011

Portions of Village Center's profits are donated to the FSF. Their address is:

   Village Center, Inc.
   3-2 Kanda Jinbo-cho, Chiyoda-ku
   Tokyo 101, Japan

   Telephone: 03-3221-3520
   URL:  `http://www.villagecenter.co.jp/'
   URL:  `http://www.villagecenter.co.jp/gnu.html' for GNU products info
   handling by Village Center

Addison-Wesley Publishers Japan Ltd. has printed Japanese translations of the GNU Make Manual (ISBN 4-7952-9627-X), the Gawk Manual (ISBN 4-7952-9672-8), & the Texinfo Manual (ISBN 4-7952-9684-7), & will print the Japanese GNU Emacs Manual 19.34 & Bison Manual this July. Their address is:

   Addison-Wesley Publishers Japan Ltd.
   Nichibou Bldg. 2F
   1-2-2 Sarugaku-cho, Chiyoda-ku
   Tokyo 101, Japan

   Telephone: 03-3291-4581


Many groups in Japan now distribute GNU software. They include JUG, a PC user group; ASCII, a periodical and book publisher; and the Fujitsu FM Towns users group.




As of the end of May 1997, over 5,300 people have accessed AITEC's Web pages, and almost 35,000 IFS files have been transferred since their first release in 1992.


The ImageSearcher is an object-oriented program to search images by specifying properties of the image itself, without relying on the name or attributes of the file. It searches focusing on typical color, average luminance, nine colors, image extent, center spectra, etc. It runs on VisualWorks 2.5.1 (Smalltalk). As a result of the "eMMa Project" research sponsored by IPA and SRA (written by Atsushi Aoki), the source code and documentation are distributed under the GPL as free software, and are available via FTP from host ftp.sra.co.jp in the file `/pub/lang/smalltalk/ipa/VisualWorks2.5/IPA006.tar.gz'.

Forthcoming GNUs


Free Software Support


The GNU Service Directory is a list of people who offer support & other consulting services. It is `/pub/gnu/GNUinfo/SERVICE' on a GNU FTP host (see section How to Get GNU Software), on the World Wide Web at URL `http://www.gnu.ai.mit.edu/prep/service.html', in the file `etc/SERVICE' in the Emacs distribution, & the file `SERVICE' in the GCC distribution. Contact us to get it or to be listed in it. Service providers who share their income with the FSF are listed in section Help from Free Software Companies.

If you find a deficiency in any GNU software, we want to know. We have many Internet mailing lists for bug reports, announcements, & questions. They are also gatewayed into USENET news as our gnu.* newsgroups. Both are listed in file `/pub/gnu/GNUinfo/MAILINGLISTS' on a GNU FTP host (see section How to Get GNU Software), in the file `etc/MAILINGLISTS' in the Emacs distribution, at URL `http://www.gnu.ai.mit.edu/prep/mailinglists.html' or request it from either address on the top menu.




GNU Software





Configuring GNU Software




GNU Software Now Available

For future programs and features, see section Forthcoming GNUs.

Key to cross reference:

   BinCD        January 1997 Binaries CD-ROM
   SrcCD        July 1997 Source CD-ROMs


Program/Package Cross Reference


   * 4dview geomview

   * a2p perl
   * a2x xopt
   * ac bsd44
   * accton bsd44
   * ackpfd phttpd
   * acl bsd44
   * acm acm
   * acms acm
   * addbbox geomview
   * addftinfo Groff
   * adventure bsd44
   * afm2tfm TeX
   * aid ID Utils
   * amd bsd44
   * ansitape bsd44
   * AnswerGarden xopt
   * apply bsd44
   * appres xreq
   * apropos bsd44
   * ar Binutils
   * arithmetic bsd44
   * arp bsd44
   * atc bsd44
   * authwn WN
   * autoconf Autoconf
   * autoheader Autoconf
   * automake Automake
   * autoreconf Autoconf
   * autoscan Autoconf
   * autoupdate Autoconf
   * auto_box xopt
   * auto_box xreq

   * b2m Emacs
   * backgammon bsd44
   * bad144 bsd44
   * badsect bsd44
   * banner bsd44
   * basename Shellutils
   * bash BASH
   * battlestar bsd44
   * bc bc
   * bcd bsd44
   * bdes bsd44
   * bdftops Ghostscript
   * beach_ball xopt
   * beach_ball xreq
   * beach_ball2 xopt
   * bibtex TeX
   * biff bsd44
   * bison Bison
   * bitmap xreq
   * boggle bsd44
   * bpltobzr Fontutils
   * bugfiler bsd44
   * buildhash Ispell
   * bzrto Fontutils

   * c++ GCC
   * c++filt Binutils
   * c2ph perl
   * ca100 xopt
   * caesar bsd44
   * cal bsd44
   * calendar bsd44
   * canfield bsd44
   * cat Textutils
   * cbars wdiff
   * cc GCC
   * cc1 GCC
   * cc1obj GCC
   * cc1plus GCC
   * cccp GCC
   * cdwrite mkisofs
   * cfengine cfengine
   * cgi Spinner
   * charspace Fontutils
   * checknr bsd44
   * chess bsd44
   * chflags bsd44
   * chgrp Fileutils
   * ching bsd44
   * chmod Fileutils
   * chown Fileutils
   * chpass bsd44
   * chroot bsd44
   * ci RCS
   * cksum Textutils
   * cktyps g77
   * clisp CLISP
   * clri bsd44
   * cmail xboard
   * cmmf TeX
   * cmodext xopt
   * cmp Diffutils
   * co RCS
   * col bsd44
   * colcrt bsd44
   * colrm bsd44
   * column bsd44
   * comm Textutils
   * compress bsd44
   * comsat bsd44
   * connectd bsd44
   * cp Fileutils
   * cpicker xopt
   * cpio cpio
   * cpp GCC
   * cppstdin perl
   * cribbage bsd44
   * crock xopt
   * csh bsd44
   * csplit Textutils
   * ctags Emacs
   * ctwm xopt
   * cu UUCP
   * cut Textutils
   * cvs CVS
   * cvscheck CVS
   * cvtmail Emacs
   * cxterm xopt

   * d Fileutils
   * date Shellutils
   * dc bc
   * dd Fileutils
   * ddd DDD
   * defid ID Utils
   * delatex TeX
   * demangle Binutils
   * descend CVS
   * detex TeX
   * df Fileutils
   * dhtppd phttpd
   * diff Diffutils
   * diff3 Diffutils
   * diffpp enscript
   * digest-doc Emacs
   * dipress bsd44
   * dir Fileutils
   * dircolors Fileutils
   * dirname Shellutils
   * dish xopt
   * disklabel bsd44
   * diskpart bsd44
   * dld dld
   * dm bsd44
   * dmesg bsd44
   * doschk doschk
   * dox xopt
   * du Fileutils
   * dump bsd44
   * dump mkisofs
   * dumpfs bsd44
   * dvi2tty TeX
   * dvicopy TeX
   * dvips TeX
   * dvitype TeX

   * ecc ecc
   * echo Shellutils
   * ed ed
   * edit-pr GNATS
   * editres xreq
   * edquota bsd44
   * eeprom bsd44
   * egrep grep
   * eid ID Utils
   * emacs Emacs
   * emacsclient Emacs
   * emacsserver Emacs
   * emacstool Emacs
   * emu xopt
   * enscript enscript
   * env Shellutils
   * eqn Groff
   * error bsd44
   * es es
   * esdebug es
   * etags Emacs
   * ex nvi
   * example geomview
   * exicyclog Exim
   * exigrep Exim
   * exim Exim
   * eximon Exim
   * eximon Exim
   * eximstats Exim
   * exinext Exim
   * exiwhat Exim
   * expand Textutils
   * expect DejaGnu
   * expr Shellutils
   * exterm xopt

   * f2c f2c
   * factor bsd44
   * fakemail Emacs
   * false Shellutils
   * fastboot bsd44
   * fax2ps HylaFAX
   * faxalter HylaFAX
   * faxanswer HylaFAX
   * faxcover HylaFAX
   * faxd HylaFAX
   * faxd.recv HylaFAX
   * faxmail HylaFAX
   * faxquit HylaFAX
   * faxrcvd HylaFAX
   * faxrm HylaFAX
   * faxstat HylaFAX
   * fc f2c
   * fdraw xopt
   * ffe g77
   * fgrep grep
   * fid ID Utils
   * file bsd44
   * find Findutils
   * find2perl perl
   * finger Finger
   * fingerd Finger
   * fish bsd44
   * fixfonts Texinfo
   * fixinc.svr4 GCC
   * fixincludes GCC
   * flex flex
   * flex++ flex
   * flythrough geomview
   * fmt bsd44
   * fnid ID Utils
   * fold Textutils
   * font2c Ghostscript
   * fontconvert Fontutils
   * forth Tile Forth
   * forthicon Tile Forth
   * forthtool Tile Forth
   * fortune bsd44
   * fpr bsd44
   * freq Ispell
   * freqtbl Ispell
   * from bsd44
   * fsck bsd44
   * fsplit bsd44
   * fstat bsd44
   * ftp bsd44
   * ftp Inetutils
   * ftpd bsd44
   * ftpd Inetutils

   * g++ GCC
   * gas Binutils
   * gawk GAWK
   * gcal gcal
   * gcc GCC
   * gcore bsd44
   * gdb GDB
   * genclass libg++
   * geomstuff geomview
   * gettext gettext
   * getty bsd44
   * gftodvi TeX
   * gftopk TeX
   * gftype TeX
   * ghostview Ghostview
   * gid ID Utils
   * ginsu geomview
   * git GIT
   * gitaction GIT
   * gitcmp GIT
   * gitkeys GIT
   * gitmatch GIT
   * gitmount GIT
   * gitps GIT
   * gitredir GIT
   * gitrgrep GIT
   * gitview GIT
   * gitwipe GIT
   * gn GN
   * gnans Gnans
   * gnanslator Gnans
   * gnats GNATS
   * gnuchess Chess
   * gnuchessc Chess
   * gnuchessn Chess
   * gnuchessr Chess
   * gnuchessx Chess
   * gnuclient gnuserv
   * gnudoit gnuserv
   * gnupdisp Shogi
   * gnuplot gnuplot
   * gnuplot_x11 gnuplot
   * gnuserv gnuserv
   * gnushogi Shogi
   * gnushogir Shogi
   * gnushogix Shogi
   * go GnuGo
   * gpc xopt
   * gpc xreq
   * gperf cperf
   * gperf libg++
   * gprof Binutils
   * graffiti geomview
   * graph Graphics
   * grep grep
   * grodvi Groff
   * groff Groff
   * grops Groff
   * grotty Groff
   * groups Shellutils
   * gs Ghostscript
   * gsbj Ghostscript
   * gsdj Ghostscript
   * gslj Ghostscript
   * gslp Ghostscript
   * gsnd Ghostscript
   * gsrenderfont Fontutils
   * gunzip gzip
   * gvclock geomview
   * gwm xopt
   * gzexe gzip
   * gzip gzip

   * h2ph perl
   * h2pl perl
   * hack bsd44
   * hangman bsd44
   * head Textutils
   * hello hello
   * hexdump bsd44
   * hexl Emacs
   * hinge geomview
   * hostname Shellutils
   * hp2xx hp2xx
   * hterm xopt
   * htmlencode phttpd
   * httpd apache
   * httpdecode phttpd

   * i18nOlwmV2 xopt
   * i2mif xopt
   * ico xopt
   * ico xreq
   * id Shellutils
   * ident RCS
   * ifconfig bsd44
   * ifnames Autoconf
   * ImageMagick xopt
   * imageto Fontutils
   * iman xopt
   * imgrotate Fontutils
   * indent indent
   * indxbib Groff
   * inetd bsd44
   * inetd Inetutils
   * info Texinfo
   * inimf TeX
   * init bsd44
   * initex TeX
   * inn bsd44
   * install Fileutils
   * iostat bsd44
   * isodiag mkisofs
   * isodump mkisofs
   * ispell Ispell
   * ixterm xopt
   * ixx xopt

   * join Textutils
   * jot bsd44
   * jove bsd44

   * kdestroy bsd44
   * kdump bsd44
   * kermit bsd44
   * kgames xopt
   * kgmon bsd44
   * kill bsd44
   * kinit bsd44
   * kinput2 xopt
   * klist bsd44
   * kpasswdd bsd44
   * ksrvtgt bsd44
   * kterm xopt
   * ktrace bsd44

   * lam bsd44
   * larn bsd44
   * lasergnu gnuplot
   * last bsd44
   * lastcomm bsd44
   * latex TeX
   * lclock xopt
   * ld Binutils
   * leave bsd44
   * less less
   * lesskey less
   * libavcall.a ffcall
   * libbfd.a Binutils
   * libbfd.a GDB
   * libbzr.a Fontutils
   * libc.a C Library
   * libcompat.a bsd44
   * libcurses.a bsd44
   * libcurses.a ncurses
   * libdcurses.a ncurses
   * libedit.a bsd44
   * libF77.a f2c
   * libF77.a g77
   * libg++.a libg++
   * libgdbm.a gdbm
   * libgf.a Fontutils
   * libgmp.a gmp
   * libgnanslib.a Gnans
   * libgnussl.a gnussl
   * libI77.a f2c
   * libI77.a g77
   * libkvm.a bsd44
   * libm.a bsd44
   * libncurses.a ncurses
   * libnihcl.a NIHCL
   * libnihclmi.a NIHCL
   * libnihclvec.a NIHCL
   * libnls.a xreq
   * libobjects.a libobjects
   * liboctave.a Octave
   * liboldX.a xreq
   * libpbm.a Fontutils
   * libPEXt.a xopt
   * libpk.a Fontutils
   * libresolv.a bsd44
   * librpc.a bsd44
   * libsipp.a SIPP
   * libtcl.a DejaGnu
   * libtelnet.a bsd44
   * libterm.a bsd44
   * libtermcap.a Termcap
   * libtfm.a Fontutils
   * libtiff.a tiff
   * libutil.a bsd44
   * libvacall.a ffcall
   * libWc.a xopt
   * libwidgets.a Fontutils
   * libX.a xreq
   * libXau.a xreq
   * libXaw.a xreq
   * libXcp.a xopt
   * libXcu.a xopt
   * libXdmcp.a xreq
   * libXmp.a xopt
   * libXmu.a xreq
   * libXO.a xopt
   * libXop.a xopt
   * libXp.a xopt
   * libXpex.a xopt
   * libXt.a xopt
   * libXt.a xreq
   * libXwchar.a xopt
   * liby.a bsd44
   * libYgl.a Ygl
   * lid ID Utils
   * limn Fontutils
   * listres xopt
   * listres xreq
   * lkbib Groff
   * ln Fileutils
   * locate Findutils
   * lock bsd44
   * logcvt-ip2n phttpd
   * logger bsd44
   * login bsd44
   * logname Shellutils
   * logo ucblogo
   * lookbib Groff
   * lorder bsd44
   * lpr bsd44
   * ls Fileutils
   * lynx lynx

   * m4 m4
   * mail bsd44
   * mail-files Sharutils
   * mailq smail
   * mailshar Sharutils
   * make make
   * make-docfile Emacs
   * make-path Emacs
   * makeindex TeX
   * makeinfo Texinfo
   * MakeTeXPK TeX
   * man bsd44
   * man-macros Groff
   * maniview geomview
   * mattrib mtools
   * maze xopt
   * maze xreq
   * mazewar xopt
   * mc mc
   * mcd mtools
   * mcopy mtools
   * mcserv mc
   * md5sum Textutils
   * mdel mtools
   * mdir mtools
   * me-macros Groff
   * medit2gv geomview
   * merge RCS
   * mesg bsd44
   * mf TeX
   * mformat mtools
   * mft TeX
   * mgdiff xopt
   * mh bsd44
   * mille bsd44
   * mkafmmap enscript
   * mkcache GN
   * mkdep bsd44
   * mkdir Fileutils
   * mkfifo Fileutils
   * mkid ID Utils
   * mkisofs mkisofs
   * mklocale bsd44
   * mkmanifest mtools
   * mkmf bsd44
   * mkmodules CVS
   * mknod Fileutils
   * mkstr bsd44
   * mlabel mtools
   * mm-macros Groff
   * mmd mtools
   * monop bsd44
   * more bsd44
   * morse bsd44
   * mount bsd44
   * mountd bsd44
   * movemail Emacs
   * mprof bsd44
   * mrd mtools
   * mread mtools
   * mren mtools
   * ms-macros Groff
   * msgcmp gettext
   * msgfmt gettext
   * msgmerge gettext
   * msgs bsd44
   * msgunfmt gettext
   * mst Smalltalk
   * mt cpio
   * mterm xopt
   * mtree bsd44
   * mtype mtools
   * mule MULE
   * muncher xopt
   * mv Fileutils
   * mvdir Fileutils
   * mwrite mtools

   * NDview geomview
   * nethack NetHack
   * netstat bsd44
   * newfs bsd44
   * nfsd bsd44
   * nfsiod bsd44
   * nfsstat bsd44
   * nice Shellutils
   * nl Textutils
   * nlmconv Binutils
   * nm Binutils
   * nohup Shellutils
   * nose geomview
   * notify HylaFAX
   * nroff Groff
   * number bsd44

   * objc GCC
   * objcopy Binutils
   * objdump Binutils
   * objective-c GCC
   * obst-boot OBST
   * obst-CC OBST
   * obst-cct OBST
   * obst-cgc OBST
   * obst-cmp OBST
   * obst-cnt OBST
   * obst-cpcnt OBST
   * obst-csz OBST
   * obst-dir OBST
   * obst-dmp OBST
   * obst-gen OBST
   * obst-gsh OBST
   * obst-init OBST
   * obst-scp OBST
   * obst-sil OBST
   * obst-stf OBST
   * oclock xreq
   * octave Octave
   * od Textutils
   * oleo Oleo
   * ora-examples xopt

   * p2c p2c
   * pagesize bsd44
   * palette xopt
   * pascal bsd44
   * passwd bsd44
   * paste Textutils
   * patch patch
   * patgen TeX
   * pathalias bsd44
   * pathchk Shellutils
   * pathto smail
   * pax bsd44
   * pbmplus xopt
   * perl perl
   * pfbtops Groff
   * phantasia bsd44
   * phttpd phttpd
   * pic Groff
   * pico pine
   * pig bsd44
   * pine pine
   * ping bsd44
   * pixedit xopt
   * pixmap xopt
   * pktogf TeX
   * pktype TeX
   * plaid xopt
   * plot2fig Graphics
   * plot2plot Graphics
   * plot2ps Graphics
   * plot2tek Graphics
   * pltotf TeX
   * pollrcvd HylaFAX
   * pom bsd44
   * pooltype TeX
   * portmap bsd44
   * ppt bsd44
   * pr Textutils
   * pr-addr GNATS
   * pr-edit GNATS
   * primes bsd44
   * printenv Shellutils
   * printf Shellutils
   * protoize GCC
   * proxygarb Spinner
   * ps bsd44
   * ps2ascii Ghostscript
   * ps2epsi Ghostscript
   * ps2fax HylaFAX
   * psbb Groff
   * pstat bsd44
   * psycho xopt
   * ptester phttpd
   * ptx ptx
   * pubdic+ xopt
   * puzzle xopt
   * puzzle xreq
   * pwd Shellutils
   * pyramid xopt

   * query-pr GNATS
   * quiz bsd44
   * quot bsd44
   * quota bsd44
   * quotacheck bsd44
   * quotaon bsd44

   * rain bsd44
   * random bsd44
   * ranlib Binutils
   * rbootd bsd44
   * rc rc
   * rcp bsd44
   * rcp Inetutils
   * rcs RCS
   * rcs-to-cvs CVS
   * rcs2log Emacs
   * rcsdiff RCS
   * rcsfreeze RCS
   * rcsmerge RCS
   * rdist bsd44
   * reboot bsd44
   * recode recode
   * recvstats HylaFAX
   * red ed
   * refer Groff
   * remsync Sharutils
   * renice bsd44
   * repquota bsd44
   * restore bsd44
   * rev bsd44
   * rexecd bsd44
   * rexecd Inetutils
   * rlog RCS
   * rlogin bsd44
   * rlogin Inetutils
   * rlogind bsd44
   * rlogind Inetutils
   * rm Fileutils
   * rmail bsd44
   * rmdir Fileutils
   * rmt cpio
   * rmt tar
   * robots bsd44
   * rogue bsd44
   * route bsd44
   * routed bsd44
   * rr xopt
   * rs bsd44
   * rsh bsd44
   * rsh Inetutils
   * rshd bsd44
   * rshd Inetutils
   * rsmtp smail
   * runq smail
   * runtest DejaGnu
   * runtest.exp DejaGnu
   * ruptime bsd44
   * rwho bsd44
   * rwhod bsd44

   * s2p perl
   * sail bsd44
   * saoimage SAOimage
   * savecore bsd44
   * sc bsd44
   * sccs bsd44
   * sccs2rcs CVS
   * scdisp xopt
   * screen screen
   * script bsd44
   * scsiformat bsd44
   * sctext xopt
   * sdiff Diffutils
   * sed sed
   * send-pr GNATS
   * sendfax HylaFAX
   * sendmail bsd44
   * sgi2fax HylaFAX
   * sgn GN
   * sh bsd44
   * shar Sharutils
   * shinbun xopt
   * shogi Shogi
   * showfont xopt
   * showmount bsd44
   * shutdown bsd44
   * size Binutils
   * sj3 xopt
   * sjxa xopt
   * slattach bsd44
   * sleep Shellutils
   * sliplogin bsd44
   * smail smail
   * smtpd smail
   * snake bsd44
   * snftobdf xopt
   * soelim Groff
   * sort Textutils
   * sos2obst OBST
   * spider xopt
   * split Textutils
   * startslip bsd44
   * stereo geomview
   * stf OBST
   * strings Binutils
   * strip Binutils
   * stty Shellutils
   * su Shellutils
   * sum Textutils
   * superopt Superopt
   * swapon bsd44
   * sweep geomview
   * sync bsd44
   * sysctl bsd44
   * syslog Inetutils
   * syslogd bsd44
   * syslogd Inetutils
   * systat bsd44

   * tabs Termutils
   * tac Textutils
   * tackdown geomview
   * tail Textutils
   * taintperl perl
   * talk bsd44
   * talk Inetutils
   * talkd bsd44
   * talkd Inetutils
   * tangle TeX
   * tar tar
   * tbl Groff
   * tcal gcal
   * tcl DejaGnu
   * tclsh DejaGnu
   * tcopy bsd44
   * tcp Emacs
   * tee Shellutils
   * tek2plot Graphics
   * telnet bsd44
   * telnet Inetutils
   * telnetd bsd44
   * telnetd Inetutils
   * test Shellutils
   * test-g++ DejaGnu
   * test-tool DejaGnu
   * tetris bsd44
   * tex TeX
   * tex3patch Texinfo
   * texi2dvi Texinfo
   * texindex Texinfo
   * texspell TeX
   * textfmt HylaFAX
   * tfmtodit Groff
   * tftopl TeX
   * tftp bsd44
   * tftp Inetutils
   * tftpd bsd44
   * tftpd Inetutils
   * tgrind TeX
   * time time
   * timed bsd44
   * timer Emacs
   * timex xopt
   * tip bsd44
   * tkpostage xopt
   * tn3270 bsd44
   * togeomview geomview
   * touch Fileutils
   * tput Termutils
   * tr Textutils
   * traceroute bsd44
   * transcript HylaFAX
   * transfig xopt
   * transformer geomview
   * trek bsd44
   * trigrp geomview
   * trn3 bsd44
   * troff Groff
   * trpt bsd44
   * trsp bsd44
   * true Shellutils
   * tset bsd44
   * tsort bsd44
   * tty Shellutils
   * ttygnans Gnans
   * tunefs bsd44
   * tupdate gettext
   * tvtwm xopt
   * twm xreq

   * ul bsd44
   * ulpc Spinner
   * umount bsd44
   * uname Shellutils
   * uncompress gzip
   * unexpand Textutils
   * unifdef bsd44
   * unify wdiff
   * uniq Textutils
   * unprotoize GCC
   * unshar Sharutils
   * unvis bsd44
   * update bsd44
   * updatedb Findutils
   * users Shellutils
   * uuchk UUCP
   * uucico UUCP
   * uuconv UUCP
   * uucp UUCP
   * uucpd bsd44
   * uucpd Inetutils
   * uudecode Sharutils
   * uudir UUCP
   * uuencode Sharutils
   * uulog UUCP
   * uuname UUCP
   * uupath smail
   * uupick UUCP
   * uurate UUCP
   * uusched UUCP
   * uustat UUCP
   * uuto UUCP
   * uux UUCP
   * uuxqt UUCP

   * v Fileutils
   * vacation bsd44
   * vandal xopt
   * vcdiff Emacs
   * vdir Fileutils
   * vftovp TeX
   * vgrind bsd44
   * vi nvi
   * viewres xopt
   * viewres xreq
   * vine xopt
   * vipw bsd44
   * virmf TeX
   * virtex TeX
   * vis bsd44
   * vmstat bsd44
   * vptovf TeX

   * w bsd44
   * waisgn GN
   * wakeup Emacs
   * wall bsd44
   * wargames bsd44
   * wc Textutils
   * wdiff wdiff
   * weave TeX
   * what bsd44
   * whatis bsd44
   * whereis bsd44
   * who Shellutils
   * whoami Shellutils
   * whois bsd44
   * window bsd44
   * winterp xopt
   * wish DejaGnu
   * wn WN
   * wndex WN
   * worm bsd44
   * worms bsd44
   * write bsd44
   * wump bsd44

   * x11perf xreq
   * x2p perl
   * xalarm xopt
   * xancur xopt
   * xargs Findutils
   * xauth xreq
   * xbfe Fontutils
   * xbiff xopt
   * xbiff xreq
   * xboard xboard
   * xboing xopt
   * xbuffy3 xopt
   * xcalc xopt
   * xcalc xreq
   * xcalendar xopt
   * xcdplayer xopt
   * xcell xopt
   * xclipboard xreq
   * xclock xreq
   * xcmdmenu xopt
   * xcms xopt
   * xcmsdb xreq
   * xcmstest xreq
   * xco xopt
   * xcolorize xopt
   * xcolors xopt
   * xconsole xreq
   * xcrtca xopt
   * xdaliclock xopt
   * xdiary xopt
   * xditview Groff
   * xditview xopt
   * xditview xreq
   * xdm xreq
   * xdpyinfo xreq
   * xdu xopt
   * xdvi TeX
   * xdvi xopt
   * xdvorak xopt
   * xearth xopt
   * xed xopt
   * xedit xopt
   * xedit xreq
   * xev xopt
   * xev xreq
   * xexit xopt
   * xeyes xopt
   * xeyes xreq
   * xfd xreq
   * xfed xopt
   * xfedor xopt
   * xfeoak xopt
   * xferstats HylaFAX
   * xfig xopt
   * xfontsel xopt
   * xfontsel xreq
   * xforecast xopt
   * xgas xopt
   * xgas xreq
   * xgc xopt
   * xgc xreq
   * xgettext gettext
   * xhearts xopt
   * xhelp xopt
   * xhost xreq
   * xinit xreq
   * xkeycaps xopt
   * xkill xreq
   * xlax xopt
   * xlayout xopt
   * xlbiff xopt
   * xless xopt
   * xload xopt
   * xload xreq
   * xlogin xopt
   * xlogo xreq
   * xlsatoms xreq
   * xlsclients xreq
   * xlsfonts xreq
   * xmag xreq
   * xmail xopt
   * xmailbox xopt
   * xmailwatcher xopt
   * xman xopt
   * xman xreq
   * xmandel xopt
   * xmessage xopt
   * xmeter xopt
   * xmh xreq
   * xmh-icons xopt
   * xmh.editor xopt
   * xmodmap xreq
   * xmon xopt
   * xmove xopt
   * xmphone xopt
   * xpd xopt
   * xphoon xopt
   * xpipeman xopt
   * xplot Graphics
   * xpostit xopt
   * xpr xopt
   * xpr xreq
   * xprompt xopt
   * xproof xopt
   * xprop xreq
   * xpserv xopt
   * xrdb xreq
   * xrefresh xreq
   * xrsh xopt
   * xrubik xopt
   * xrunclient xopt
   * xscope xopt
   * xscreensaver xopt
   * xsession xopt
   * xset xreq
   * xsetroot xreq
   * xshogi xshogi
   * xstdcmap xreq
   * xstr bsd44
   * xtalk xopt
   * xterm xreq
   * xterm_color xopt
   * xtetris xopt
   * xTeXcad.13 xopt
   * xtiff xopt
   * xtokid ID Utils
   * xtree xopt
   * xtv xopt
   * xwd xreq
   * xwininfo xreq
   * xwud xreq

   * yacc bsd44
   * yes Shellutils
   * youbin xopt
   * yow Emacs

   * zcat gzip
   * zcmp gzip
   * zdiff gzip
   * zforce gzip
   * zgrep gzip
   * zmore gzip
   * znew gzip

   * [ Shellutils

The Deluxe Distribution








   Free Software Foundation, Inc.
   51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor
   Boston, MA   02110-1301

   Telephone: +1-617-542-5942
   Electronic Mail: gnu@prep.ai.mit.edu
   World Wide Web: `http://www.gnu.ai.mit.edu'


We offer the section Source Code CD-ROMs, and section January 1997 Compiler Tools Binaries CD-ROM, each of which is available as either the latest version at full price, or (while supplies last) an older copy at a reduced price.



Pricing of the GNU CD-ROMs

If a business or organization is ultimately paying, the July 1997 Source CD set costs $240. The set costs $60 if you, an individual, are paying out of your own pocket. The January 1997 Compiler Tools Binaries CD-ROM costs $220 for a business or organization, and $55 for an individual.

What Do the Different Prices Mean?





Why Is There an Individual Price?



Is There a Maximum Price?


January 1997 Compiler Tools Binaries CD-ROM



These packages:

   * DJGPP
   * GCC/G++/Objective-C
   * GNU C Library
   * GDB
   * Binutils
   * Bison
   * Emacs (MS-DOS only)
   * Flex
   * Make
   * libg++

On these platforms:

   * i386-msdos
   * hppa1.1-hp-hpux9
   * hppa1.1-hp-hpux10
   * powerpc-ibm-aix4.2
   * sparc-sun-solaris2.4
   * sparc-sun-solaris2.5
   * sparc-sun-sunos4.1

Source Code CD-ROMs



Much of X11 is not on the older Source CDs.

There are no precompiled programs on these Source CDs. You will need a C compiler (programs which need some other interpreter or compiler normally provide the C source for a bootstrapping program). We ship C compiler binaries for some systems on the section January 1997 Compiler Tools Binaries CD-ROM.

July 1997 Source Code CD-ROMs

The 10th edition of our Source Code CD is available now with two CD-ROM disks. It has programs, bug fixes, & improvements not on the older Source CDs. It has these packages, & some manuals that are not part of packages. The version number of each package listed might be higher on the 10th edition CD due to new releases being made since this list was generated.

   * abuse 2.0
   * acct 6.3
   * acm 4.8
   * aegis 2.3
   * apache 1.2.4
   * Autoconf 2.12
   * Automake 1.2
   * BASH 2.01
   * bc 1.04
   * Binutils 2.8.1
   * Bison 1.25
   * C Library 2.0.5
   * Calc 2.02f
   * cfengine 1.4.1
   * Chess 4.0.pl77
   * CLISP 1997.08.07
   * Common Lisp 2.2.2
   * cook 1.10
   * cperf 2.1a
   * cpio 2.4.2
   * CVS 1.9
   * cxref 1.4
   * ddd 2.1.1
   * DejaGnu 1.3
   * Diffutils 2.7
   * dld 3.3
   * doschk 1.1
   * ed 0.2
   * Elib 1.0
   * elisp archive 1997.08.19
   * Emacs 18.59
   * Emacs 19.34
   * Emacs 20.1
   * enscript 1.5.0
   * es 0.84
   * Exim 1.70
   * f2c 1997.07.13
   * ffcall 1.1
   * Fileutils 3.16
   * Findutils 4.1
   * Finger 1.37
   * flex 2.5.4
   * Fontutils 0.6
   * g77
   * gawk 3.0.3
   * gcal 2.10
   * GCC/G++/Objective-C
   * GDB 4.16
   * gdbm 1.7.3
   * Generic NQS 3.50.2
   * geomview 1.6.1
   * gettext 0.10
   * gforth 0.3.0
   * Ghostscript 3.33
   * Ghostview 1.5
   * Ghostview for Windows 2.1
   * GIT 4.3.16
   * gmp 2.0.2
   * GN 2.24
   * Gnans 1.5.1
   * gnat 3.09
   * GNATS 3.2
   * GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual 1.03
   * GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual 2.4.2
   * GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual 2.4.jp2.0
   * GnuGo 1.2
   * gnuplot 3.5
   * gnuserv 2.1alpha
   * gnussl 0.2.1
   * gpc 2.0
   * grep 2.0
   * Groff 1.11
   * guavac 0.3.1
   * guile 1.2
   * gzip 1.2.4
   * hello 1.3
   * hp2xx 3.1.4
   * HylaFAX 4.0pl1
   * Hyperbole 4.01
   * ID Utils 3.2
   * ilisp 5.8.a04
   * indent 1.9.1
   * Inetutils 1.3a
   * Ispell 3.1.20
   * jargon 4.0.0
   * karma 1.6
   * less 332
   * LessTif 0.80
   * libg++ 2.7.2
   * libobjects 0.1.19
   * libtool 1.0
   * lynx 2.7.1
   * m4 1.4
   * make 3.75
   * MandelSpawn 0.07
   * maxima 5.2
   * mc 4.0
   * MCSim 4.1
   * mesa 2.1
   * <Meta-HTML> 5.04
   * miscfiles 1.1
   * mkisofs 1.11
   * mm 1.07
   * mtools 3.8
   * MULE 2.3
   * mutt 0.81
   * NetHack 3.2.2
   * NIHCL 3.1.4
   * nvi 1.79
   * Oaklisp 930720
   * OBST 3.4.3
   * Octave 2.0.9
   * Oleo 1.6
   * p2c 1.20
   * patch 2.5
   * pcl-gcl 2.2
   * perl 4.036
   * perl 5.003
   * phttpd 0.99.76
   * pips 1.01
   * plotutils 1.1
   * prcs 1.2
   * Programming in Emacs Lisp an Introduction 1.04
   * ptx 0.4
   * rc 1.4
   * RCS 5.7
   * readline 2.1
   * recode 3.4
   * regex 0.12
   * Roxen 1.1
   * rsync 1.6.3
   * rx 1.5
   * SAOimage 1.20
   * screen 3.7.4
   * sed 2.05
   * Sharutils 4.2
   * Shellutils 1.16
   * Shogi 1.2p03
   * SIPP 3.1
   * smail 3.2
   * Smalltalk 1.1.5
   * sneps 2.3.1
   * spell 1.0
   * stow 1.3.2
   * Superopt 2.5
   * swarm 1.0.2
   * tar 1.12
   * Termcap 1.3
   * Termutils 2.0
   * TeX 3.1415
   * Texinfo 3.11
   * Textutils 1.22
   * tiff 3.4
   * Tile Forth 2.1
   * time 1.7
   * ucblogo 4.1
   * units 1.53
   * UUCP 1.06.1
   * vera 1.0
   * vrweb 1.5
   * W3 2.2.26
   * wdiff 0.5
   * wget 1.4.5
   * windows32api 0.1.2
   * WN 1.18.1
   * X11R6.3
   * xboard 3.6.2
   * xgrabsc 2.41
   * xinfo 1.01.01
   * xmcd 2.2
   * xshogi 1.2p03
   * Ygl 3.1
   * zlibc 0.9e
January 1997 Source Code CD-ROMs

We still have copies of the 9th edition of our Source CD with two CD-ROM disks. It has these packages, & some manuals that are not part of packages:

   * acm 4.7
   * apache 1.1.1
   * Autoconf 2.12
   * Automake 1.0
   * BASH 2.0
   * bc 1.03
   * Binutils 2.7
   * Bison 1.25
   * C Library 2.0
   * Calc 2.02f
   * cfengine 1.3.16
   * Chess 4.0.pl77
   * CLISP 1996.05.30
   * Common Lisp 2.2.1
   * cperf 2.1a
   * cpio 2.4.2
   * CVS 1.9
   * ddd 2.0
   * DejaGnu 1.3
   * Diffutils 2.7
   * dld 3.3
   * doschk 1.1
   * ed 0.2
   * Elib 1.0
   * elisp archive
   * Emacs 18.59
   * Emacs 19.34
   * enscript 1.4.0
   * es 0.84
   * Exim 1.59
   * f2c 1996.12.09
   * ffcall 1.1
   * Fileutils 3.16
   * Findutils 4.1
   * Finger 1.37
   * flex 2.5.4
   * Fontutils 0.6
   * g77 0.5.19
   * gawk 3.0.1
   * gcal 2.10
   * GCC/G++/Objective-C
   * GDB 4.16
   * gdbm 1.7.3
   * Generic NQS 3.50.2
   * geomview 1.6.1
   * gettext 0.10
   * gforth 0.2.1
   * Ghostscript 3.33
   * Ghostview 1.5
   * Ghostview for Windows 2.1
   * GIT 4.3.16
   * gmp 2.0.2
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