





No single person has ever achieved this level of artistic output. The most prolific composers in human history are Georg Philipp Telemann (1681-1767) and Duke Ellington (1899-1974), who individually wrote just over 3000 compositions.

How does she do it? Hatsune Miku is a Vocaloid pop star created by Hirojuki Itoh, the  CEO of Crypton Future Media. Miku and her music is created by thousands of people who are mostly strangers to each other. Her fans work online to create and share new materials. They constantly comment on each other’s work in order to render increasingly better iterations of what they collectively think Miku should be.

Some people react to Miku like a 1980s televangelist or certain realist philosophers. She’s not real. Just because her entire persona has been created by her fans does not mean that Hatsune Miku is fake and not real. She is as real as any other social identity. People are really enjoying “her” media, which includes “her” music, visual art, poetry, fashion, videos, concerts, etc. Useful words for describing her popular success are: grassroots, DIY, crowd-sourced, participatory, collaborative, connected, bottom-up and dispersed. While these terms are not those typically used in philosophical debates, there may be discussions in religious studies may have some useful things to say.

avatars of vishu

(Dashavatara by Raja Ravi Varma; CC 2.0)

One way to think about the reality of Miku may come from pairing uses of the term “avatar.” The word is common in the online world, where “avatar” typically refers to the representation of an otherwise corporeal identity in a virtual world. This use of the term is different from its religious uses. The English word “avatar” comes from a Sanskrit word: अवतार. Sanskrit is a South Asian language that is used for religious scriptures in Hinduism, Buddhism and Jainism.  Avatar is the word used to name the worldly representation of gods and goddesses. The avatars of Vishnu, for example, may show a relation to the online use of the term.


And so, Hatsune Miku is at the crossroads of these two uses in the following sense. She is an avatar in the Sanskrit sense, where Miku distinctly appears in people’s social worlds as the embodiment of metaphysical ideas. She is an avatar in the online sense, where Miku is a distinct personality that appears in people’s online worlds. Miku is a fiction whose agency has decidedly corporeal effects on the world. And note that this agency is not traceable to any one individual. Are there analogues in the study of religion?

Header image ‘Hatsune Miku Dollfie’ by Danny Choo CC BY-SA 2.0

1 thought on “Identity at the Crossroads of अवतार and Avatar: What’s Real about Hatsune Miku?

  1. It’s interesting the reaction many have to this phenomenon; for many years we’ve all been going to darkened theaters and watching light reflected off screens, to such an extent that “going to the movies,” let alone “watching TV” (both of which also include cartoons [in case “real people” are the issue here]) are completely normal activities that no one would think twice about. Nothing weird about watching a reflected image created by passing light through film, so long as you have popcorn and a soda–even if that image is of a dead person who still seems quite alive (watch any John Wayne or Heath Ledger movies lately?). But…, when it comes to this new technology, it strikes a lot of people as weird–not doubt making judgments about how odd or silly it is for all those fans with glow sticks to even be at the event in the above video.

    And it’s the distance between perceptions of what are remarkably similar events that’s really quite fascinating.

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