TY - CONF T1 - Integrating Wind Power: A Potential Role for Controllable Demand T2 - 7th Annual Carnegie-Mellon Conference on the Electricity Industry Y1 - 2011/03// A1 - Alberto J Lamadrid A1 - Timothy D. Mount KW - controllable demand KW - reliability and markets KW - renewables integration KW - RM12-004 AB - With high penetrations of wind generation, it is likely that some potential power production from this source will be spilled unless the inherent variability of this source is mitigated in some way. Installing dedicated on-site storage or backup generators, for example, is one effective but expensive way to do this. Without some form of mitigation, some wind generation will be spilled even if its operating cost (i.e. the offer into the wholesale market) is zero. The two main reasons are 1) transmission congestion when demand is high limits the ability of the network to transfer available wind power to customers, and 2) limiting the size of wind contingencies (i.e. cutouts to protect turbines from damage at high wind speeds). Under these conditions, another way to reduce the amount of wind spilled is to use controllable demand to shift demand from peak to off-peak periods using thermal storage and electric vehicles, for example. Controllable demand can also be used to provide other ancillary services, like ramping services to offset fluctuations in wind generation. These demand technologies are likely to be more cost effective than dedicated equipment because a large part of their capital cost is already covered by their primary uses for space conditioning and transportation. Using the Cornell SuperOPF, operations on a test network are simulated for a typical day to compare the effects of 1) controllable load, 2) on-site storage, and 3) upgrading transmission capacity. The different scenarios are evaluated in terms of 1) the percentage of potential wind generation spilled, 2) the total operating cost of production, and 3) the amount of installed capacity needed to maintain operating reliability. The results show that controllable load improves (reduces) all three criteria by alleviating congestion and mitigating wind variability. In contrast, the beneficial effects are smaller for both on-site storage, because it does not shift load to off-peak periods, and for upgrading transmission, because it does not mitigate wind variability. JF - 7th Annual Carnegie-Mellon Conference on the Electricity Industry CY - Pittsburgh, PA UR - https://www.ece.cmu.edu/~electriconf/2011/pdfs/Paper_Lamadrid_Mount_cmu11.pdf ER - TY - CONF T1 - Integrating Wind Power: Can Controllable Load Substitute for Transmission Upgrades? T2 - 2011 44th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS 2011) Y1 - 2011/01// SP - 1 EP - 9 A1 - Timothy D. Mount A1 - Alberto J Lamadrid A1 - Surin Maneevitjit A1 - Ray D. Zimmerman A1 - Robert J. Thomas KW - electricity markets KW - ramping KW - reliability KW - reliability and markets KW - RM12-004 KW - wind power AB - The Cornell SuperOPF is used to illustrate how the system costs can be determined for a reliable network (the amount of conventional generating capacity needed to maintain System Adequacy is determined endogenously). Eight cases are studied to illustrate the effects of geographical distribution, ramping costs and load response to customers payment in the wholesale market, and the amount of potential wind generation that is dispatched. The proposed regulatory changes for electricity markets are 1) to establish a new market for ramping services, 2) to aggregate the loads of customers on a distribution network so that they can be represented as a single wholesale customer on the bulk-power transmission network and 3) to make use of controllable load to mitigate the variability of wind generation as an alternative to upgrading the capacity of the transmission network. The cost of ramping reduces the amount of potential wind generation that is dispatched because of the inherent variability of wind speeds. The analysis evaluates whether the ability to dispatch some load that is not time-sensitive, such as charging the batteries in electric vehicles over night above the minimum usage requirement, can be an effective way to use more of the potential wind generation without upgrading the transfer capacity of a transmission network. The expectation is that more wind generation can be dispatched at times when load is relatively low and congestion on the network is not a major limitation. JF - 2011 44th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS 2011) PB - IEEE CY - Kauai, HI SN - 978-1-4244-9618-1 DO - 10.1109/HICSS.2011.246 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Innovative Developments in Load as a Reliability Resource T2 - IEEE Power Engineering Society Winter Meeting Y1 - 2002/01// SP - 3 A1 - Joseph H. Eto A1 - Charles A. Goldman A1 - Grayson C. Heffner A1 - Brendan J. Kirby A1 - John D. Kueck A1 - Michael Kintner-Meyer A1 - Jeffery E. Dagle A1 - Timothy D. Mount A1 - William Schulze A1 - Robert J Thomas A1 - Ray Zimmerman KW - demand response KW - Load as a Resource KW - LR00-003 KW - price-responsive load AB - This paper reports on work the Consortium for Electric Reliability Technology Solutions (CERTS) has been pursuing to hasten the arrival of meaningful load participation in competitive electricity markets. The activities include: experimental economic analysis of the effect of price responsive load in reducing market prices and price volatility; assessments of emerging demand response programs and technologies for enabling customer participation in electricity markets, and demonstrations of load in providing ancillary services (notably, spinning reserve). JF - IEEE Power Engineering Society Winter Meeting PB - IEEE U2 - LBNL-50968 DO - 10.1109/PESW.2002.985158 ER -