January Articles 2014

Hammertoe: No Walk in the Park!







What Are Ankle/Foot Orthotics?

Orthotics is a field that focuses on the manufacturing, design, and use of aids used to support or direct the proper function of weak limbs. Ankle-foot orthotics, also known as AFOs, are braces that are worn on the ankle that can encompass either some or all of the foot. AFOS are predominantly use to help treat diseases that weaken or affect the musculature of an affected area in order to strengthen and train the muscles properly. It can also be noted that tight muscles in need of lengthening or loosening can also benefit from AFOs.

When one initially thinks of diseases that affect the musculature often the ‘big names’ come to mind. This includes muscular dystrophy, polio, multiple sclerosis and cerebral palsy. It’s rarely thought that a stroke or arthritis can also affect the musculature as well. Regardless of what trauma is affecting the musculature, however, there is a way to correct it. Orthotics help to control the range of motion, correct deformities, manage pain load and provide support by stabilizing walk. Podiatrists are consulted for all of these conditions whether it’s simply everyday pain, wasted musculature or those who ‘toe in’.

Before orthotic devices became modern devices, many polio victims wore metal braces from mid-thigh to the foot’s bottom. Many children ‘toed in’ wearing these metal braces. Design materials improved drastically and allow for new levels of functionality, comfort and even appearance. Many orthotics are derived from plastics and maintain an L shape, which is designed to fit inside a corrective shoe. These corrective shoes are available with built-up soles to help correct the gait or manage pain by sharing it with another area as the foot spreads during walking. In the past leather and fiberboard were used to provide rigidity that was needed for correction and support.

The podiatrist prescribes orthotics in an L shape since the foot moves on a hinge. If this hinge is not moving as it should, the muscles tighten up which reduces the foot’s flexibility. As we walk, the foot flexes as the muscles stretch. A brace or AFO supports the ankle and musculature during the foot’s flexing much as a knee brace would work. Corrective shoes are for those whose feet hit the ground backwards, causing arch problems and muscle tightness. Wedges and rocker bars on the heels correct the step to heel first and rock on the ball of the foot. This results in stronger ankles and a more relaxed musculature.

Appearance also counts, especially when intended for everyday day wear. L shaped orthotics are contoured to the calf and flesh colored, fitting into a dress shoe or sneaker. This makes corrective shoes more attractive than past models, allowing patients to wear these devices not only with greater comfort but with confidence as well.

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