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GUIDELINES This site allows non-lexicographers to aid the specialists in elaborating the history of English words and names.

Non-lexicographers provide the raw data and why the example may be relevant: words with links to the AALT with the apparent relevant entry in the OED [www.oed.com], along with as much more information as they are willing to give. The necessary elements are WORD, DATE, QUOTATION, OED entry referenced and relation to that entry, DOCUMENT link, county margination, and series. You may include also the Middle English form or Anglo-Norman form if you want. This entry is just raw data and NOT a statement that the word is properly identified.

TEMPLATE (In edit mode, copy and paste the template; delete elements not included, write over necessary elements):

Bugle (OED bugle, MED bugle, AND bugle): 1318. KB27. Surrey. tria cornua, que vocantur bugles. Early use by OED, could be French. [1]

Lexicographers and similar specialists may assess the raw data using the format of bullet points beneath the raw data entry. The raw data may be added to or edited, but not completely removed. Raw data that was misidentified should remain to assist others who want to enter data. The lexicographical assessment bullets should confirm the identification or supply a different identification and indicate whether the word is too common (“No more needed”), only earlier examples are desirable (“Only earlier needed”) or any further examples are desirable (“More needed”). If the material is carried over to a dictionary, that should likewise be indicated. Disagreement with the assessment can be indicated in a second bullet etc.


  • Proper identification. More needed.

You are encouraged to provide more information from the Middle English Dictionary [2], the Anglo-Norman Dictionary [www.anglo-norman.net], P.H. Reaney and R.M. Wilson, A Dictionary of English Surnames ed. 3 (1991), G. Fransson, Middle English Surnames of Occupation 1100-1350 (1935), or B. Thuresson, Middle English Occupational Terms (1950).


Lane: 1360. Nottinghamshire. Galfridum in the Lane. OED has only earlier in 971 (then 1386). [3] rcp 03/13

Langesmyth: 1319. Willelmus le Langesmyth.  ? [4]

Lardiner: 1342. Yorkshire. de morte Thome le Lardyner. [5]. 1345. Oxfordshire. Willelmum le Lardyner. OED has earliest 1400. [6] rcp 02/12

Latoner: 1314. Lincolnshire. Thomas le Latoner and Maude his wife [7] SJ; 1342. Willelmum la Latoner. [8]. 1346. London. Robertus Whityng de London latoner. OED has earliest 1392. [9] rcp 04/12

Ledbeter: 1354. Bedfordshire. Johannem filium Willelmi le Ledbeter de Carleton. Not in OED. [10] rcp 09/12

Lenedyman/levedyman: 1360. Cumberland. Johannem le Lenedyman (Levedyman?). Seemingly not in OED. [11] rcp 03/13

Leye 1354. 'in aqua vocata 'le Leye' que currit de Ware usque Waltham Sancte Crucis et abinde usque ad civitatem domini regis London', modern spelling 'Lea'. According to Wikipedia only called 'Leye' in early medieval period [12] SJ 11/12

Licorisegarth: 1361. Yorkshire. inter le licorisegarth et herbarium infra aulam eiusdem manerii. OED does not have the compound. [13] rcp

Lightfote: 1319. Johannes Lightfote. OED earliest use 1325 for animal. [14]

Lynder: 1358. Sussex. Ricardum le Lynder. OED does not have in this sense. [15] rcp 12/12

Lyndraper: 1308 Hertfordshire. Robert le Lyndraper [16] SB; 1315 Norfolk. William le Lyndraper of Norwich [17] SB; 1362. London. Henricum Lyndraper. OED has "draper" earliest 1362. [18] rcp

Lytstere: 1320. Robertus Willesman le Lytstere. Northamptonshire. OED earliest use 1374. [19]. 1344. Cambridgeshire. Petrum le Frenshe littestere. [20] rcp 03/12

Locsmyth: 1313. Warwickshire. Antekillus le Loksmith de Birmingham [21] SB / 1345. Derbyshire. Thomam le Locsmyth de Asheborne. OED has only earlier example in 1226. [22] rcp 03/12

Lokyere: 1342. Northamptonshire. Johannem le Lokyere. OED has earliest 1356. [23] rcp 12/12

Loter: 1342. Leicestershire. Willelmum le lotere. [24] rcp

Lumenour: 1311. Sutht. Walter le Lumenour de Kyngeschere [25] SJ

Luminour: 1357. London. Johannes de Lincoln de London lumynour. OED has only two examples (1330, 1491). [26] rcp 10/12