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No 15
Vol. 15 No. 4
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The aim of this paper is identifying the appropriate policymaking framework for stabilizing goals of monetary and fiscal policies in Iran’s economy. The behavior of monetary and fiscal policymakers was extracted using dynamic optimization method and leader-follower model of game theory and defining policy makers’ constraints and objective functions under two main policy-making approaches: commitment and discretion. Based on findings, committed policymaking and a leadership central bank lead to increasing economic stability. The importance of stabilizing production and inflation for committed policymakers is more than discretionary policymakers. While for a committed policymaker, stabilization of inflation is more important than stabilization of production, for a discretionary policymaker stabilization of production is more important than stabilization of inflation. Research findings show that the stabilization of public debt for a committed central bank is more important than a discretionary central bank. Also The discretionary fiscal policy have cyclical behavior
pari jaafari lylab - jaafar haghighat - hossein asgharpur - behzad salmani
Keywords : dynamic optimization method ، discretionary policy making ، committed policy making ، game theory ، leader-follower model
Government expenditures are powerful fiscal policy instruments for the government which might lead to economic growth.However, many economists and researchers believe that fiscal policy might have different effects on the economy in different economic situations, namely during the inflationary condition and business cycles. This study applies a Markov switching model to investigate the nonlinearity relationship between inflation and government expenditures using the seasonal data for Iran during the period 1990-2017.According to the Markov switching model, the seasonal inflationary environment (inflationary regimes) was extracted in Iranian economy which implies that seasonal inflation has three different regimes in Iranian economy while zero regime has low mean for inflation; first regime has medium mean for inflation and second regime has the highest inflation in Iranian economy. Then, we specified the research models and made the government's current and capital expenditures dependent on three inflationary regimes. The results indicate that the effect of government’s current and capital expenditures on inflation is negative and significant in zero and first regime, but the effect of these variables on second regime is positive and significant
Ahmad ezzati shourgholi - Mehdi alinezhad - Parisa sahrayi
Keywords : inflationary regimes ، Markov switching model ، current and capital expenditures
Industrial Clusters and SMEs play a critical role in economic growth, reducing unemployment rate, improving technology and boosting exports in countries. Regarding the importance of SMEs in economies, it is essential to provide a platform in which SMEs can be formed and survive. The main obstacle is accessing to external financial resources. The main aim of this paper is to survey effective factors on SMEs' access to financial resources. This paper main question is that, which factors affect on SMEs' access to financial resources. Therefore, at first, we select SMEs from active industrial parks in three provinces namely Tehran, Isfahan and East Azerbaijan from 2006-2015. Then, through logit model with panel data and using Eviews9, we assess factors affecting SMEs' access to financial resources. Results reveal that interest rate, size of SMEs, age of SMEs, size of loans and loans maturity contribute to SMEs' success/failure to obtain financial supports
Vida Varahrami
Keywords : Industrial Cluster ، SME ، Logit Regression ، Financial Resources
Inappropriate distribution of income and poverty is one of the problems of human societies and many studies have been conducted to find a solution to this issue. But in these studies, less attention has been paid to the impact of Islamic taxes on income distribution. Therefore, in this study, by calculating the Gini coefficient of society using macroeconomic data for the period of 2000 to 2016 and estimating the gini coefficient of the sample Using detailed data of household income through parametric and nonparametric methods, the effect of zakat (potential) on improvement of the distribution of income has been investigated. In this regard, after calculating the amount of zakat (potential) in Iran, its assumed distribution among the first decile of income in Iran was investigated and ultimately its impact on income distribution was studied. The results of the application of parametric and nonparametric methods with households' micro data indicate a decrease of 2.1% in the Gini coefficient due to Zakat. The results of estimating the Gini coefficient by regression method also indicate a 3% decrease in the coefficient due to the distribution of zakat in the economy. Therefore, Zakat reduces the Gini coefficient and moves the community towards the Pareto's situation (according to the contract curve), thereby increasing social welfare (utility of society).
Keywords : Zakat, income distribution ، detailed data ، macro data ، Gini coefficient ، Lorenz curve ، parametric and nonparametric method
In modern world, despite of mutual dependency, economic development especially in developing countries would be very challenging, without global active interaction. Hence, performing successful economic development plans is strongly dependent on international economic interaction and firmly is influenced by economic globalization phenomena. The purpose of this paper is investigating the globalization effects on tax capacity and tax effort by emphasizing on economic indicators in selected developing countries. For this purpose, we use a panel threshold regression approach during 1998-2014. Based on findings, the threshold value for globalization index is estimated 3. 87%. Also, results show if the growth of the globalization index in a developing country is more than 3.87 percent, the effect of industry value added, population growth, literacy rate and per capita income on the capacity and tax efforts would be positive; however, the effect of agriculture value added, inflation and Gini ratio on the tax capacity and tax effort would be negative. Moreover, if the rate of globalization growth is considered less than 3.87%, the effect of these variables will reduce. Finally, with respect to low threshold globalization index in I. R. Iran, this paper recommendation is speeding up to join the globalization and planning to achieve more open economy
MOHAMMADZAMAN MOHAMMADI SHIRKOLAEI - Ahmad Jafari samimi - saeed karimilotanlar - Amir mansor tehranchian
Keywords : Tax capacity ، Tax effort ، Globalization ، Panel threshold Regression

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