Bash foreach loop examples for Linux / Unix

last updated in Categories , ,

I used foreach on a Unix operating system and csh shell loop. Now, I am a Linux operating system. How do I use foreach loop in bash shell running on Linux?

The C shell (csh) or the improved version, tcsh is a Unix shell from the late 1970s. The csh foreach loop syntax is as follows:

foreach n ( 1 2 3 4 5 )

Linux foreach tcsh example
However, bash lacks foreach syntax; instead, you can use bash while loop or bash for loop syntax as described below.

Bash foreach loop examples

Let us say you want to convert the following csh forloop example:

foreach i ( * )
echo "Working $i filename ..."

Unix foreach tcsh example
Above csh or tcsh foreach displayed a list of files using loop. Here is similar code in a bash shell:

for i in *
  echo "Working on $i file..."

Bash foreach loop example
However, one can find and safely handle file names containing newlines, spaces, special characters using the find command

## tested on GNU/Linux find ##
## and bsd/find only ##
find /dir/ -print0 | xargs -r0 command
find /tmp/test -print0 | xargs -I {} -r0 echo "Working on "{}" file ..."
find /tmp/test -type f -print0 | xargs -I {} -r0 echo "Working on '{}' file ..."
Working on '/tmp/test' file ...
Working on '/tmp/test/hosts.deny' file ...
Working on '/tmp/test/My Resume.pdf' file ...
Working on '/tmp/test/hostname' file ...
Working on '/tmp/test/hosts.allow' file ...
Working on '/tmp/test/Another   file     name.txt' file ...
Working on '/tmp/test/resolv.conf' file ...
Working on '/tmp/test/hosts' file ...
Working on '/tmp/test/host.conf' file ...

Howto use foreach in bash shell

Say you have a file named lists.txt as follows:
cat lists.txt
Sample outputs:


Each in there is a file located on your Unix or Linux server. Here is how to read lists.txt file and work on each file listed in lists.txt:

for n in $(cat lists.txt )
    echo "Working on $n file name now"
    # do something on $n below, say count line numbers
    # wc -l "$n"

Although for loop seems easy to use for reading the file, it has some problems. Don’t try to use “for” to read file line by line in Linux or Unix. Instead, use while loop as follows:

## path to input file 
## Let us read a file line-by-line using while loop ##
while IFS= read -r line
  printf 'Working on %s file...\n' "$line"
done < "$input"

Foreach loop in bash

Posted by: Vivek Gite
