Skip to content

Streaming inquiry: Spotify, Apple and Amazon bosses defend models but seem open to exploring change

Senior executives for Spotify, Apple and Amazon have appeared before the DCMS select committee for its streaming inquiry.

Spotify logo
Image: Representatives for Spotify, Apple and Amazon have given evidence to MPs
Why you can trust Sky News

Spotify, Apple and Amazon bosses have defended their music streaming models to a government inquiry investigating how revenue is distributed - but agreed they would potentially be willing to "get together" as an industry to explore options.

The trio appeared virtually before MPs at the department for digital, culture, media and sport (DCMS) committee's latest session on the impact of streaming on Tuesday afternoon.

Artists including Nile Rodgers, Elbow's Guy Garvey, Radiohead guitarist Ed O'Brien and singer-songwriter Nadine Shah have already given evidence, as have executives from the UK's "big three" major labels - Sony Music, Warner Music and Universal Music - and representatives from licensing bodies.

Nile Rodgers at the premiere of Cats at the Lincoln Center in New York CIty in 2019. Pic:John Nacion/STAR MAX/IPx/AP
Image: Nile Rodgers is among the artists who have previously given evidence. Pic:John Nacion/STAR MAX/IPx/AP

Paul Firth, Amazon's director of international music, Horacio Gutierrez, Spotify's head of global affairs and chief legal officer, and Elena Segal, Apple Inc's global senior director of music publishing, answered questions about issues such as costs, competitors, potential alternative business models, piracy and artist remuneration.

It comes as many musicians have said they are not being paid enough for their work through streaming, with Shah telling the inquiry during her session that she had been struggling to pay her rent, while in an interview outside of the inquiry, Gary Numnan told Sky News he earned just £37 for a song streamed one million times.

One idea put to companies by MPs is the user-centric model, whereby the more a certain artist gets listened to, the more they get paid.

When asked during Tuesday's session if they would be "agnostic" if there was a "different means found to distribute the revenue" as long as the platforms kept their share, roughly agreed by all to be about 30%, Mr Firth responded: "I actually think that the time has come now for the UK industry to come together and to openly model and analyse what other distribution models could look like, and Amazon would be willing and would actually be very keen to be part of that.

More on Amazon

"I think it's time that we did look at how other models might work."

Nadine Shah, whose album ‘Holiday Destination’ has been nominated for the Mercury Prize 2018, poses for a photograph ahead of the ceremony at the Hammersmith Apollo in London, Britain, September 20, 2018. REUTERS/Henry Nicholls
Image: Nadine Shah is a Mercury Prize nominee

Asked if they would also be willing to work together, Ms Segal was cautious and said she would have to come back on specifics but "yes, I think it's certainly very interesting and the key thing for us is there needs to be consensus among all licensors... obviously the only way to reach consensus like that is to get together as an industry".

Mr Gutierrez said Spotify would be "open-minded and be willing to explore and work with others", with the caveat that any model would have to work globally and at scale.

Ms Shah's comments from the earlier hearing were read out, with Mr Gutierrez asked how they made him feel.

"It's unfortunate that she feels that way but I think there are a couple of things that need to be clarified," he said. "I don't know what agreements she has with labels and publishers, I don't know what the economic terms are of the split of the revenue that she might have agreed to with her label.

"I know what we pay, and I know that close to 70% of every pound that we generate gets paid to those intermediaries that represent artists. I also know that over the last four years, based on our data, the number of recorded artists whose catalogues generated more than $1m a year, from a recording and publishing perspective, grew over 82%, and the number of artists that generated more than $100,000 a year grew 79% over the last four years."

Asked about finances, Mr Gutierrez denied that Spotify sees music on the platform as one of the "softer costs" to "squeeze" for profitability.


Speaking about the issue of streaming revenues to Sky News ahead of the latest session, rapper Ghetts, whose third album Conflict Of Interest is in the running to chart in the top three in the UK this week, said: "It's very unfair, how much we get from one stream... it feels like you're almost working for nothing.

"It would be nice for us to come together and break down a fair treatment for all parties involved - for the artist, platforms, everybody involved."

Tom Gray, from the band Gomez and the Broken Record campaign, told Sky News: "The responsibility lies with these big companies. It is now the home of music listening, it is the future of audio. And you cannot be a company at this point in the 21st Century without looking at your ethical and sustainable footprint on the communities that you engage with."