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Buddleja davidii 'White Wings'

Buddleja davidii 'White Wings' is a cultivar of probable British origin. Description 'White Wings' typically grows to a height of 2.0 m. The shrub is distinguished by its triple panicles, forming a trident of creamy-white flowers at the end of the stem; the foliage is an unremarkable green. Cultivation 'White Wings' is in cultivation in the UK. A specimen is grown as part of the NCCPG national buddleja collection held by Longstock Park Nursery in the UK. References Category:Buddleja hybrids and cultivars

Toronto Wellingtons

The Toronto Wellingtons were one of the first amateur men's ice hockey teams in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. They were active around 1900, and are notable for challenging for the Stanley Cup as Ontario Hockey Association (OHA) senior champions of 1901. Seasons The Wellingtons were organized in 1895 under the jurisdiction of the Ontario Hockey Association. The club fielded a junior team from 1895–1898. The club fielded a team in the intermediate level from 1896–1934. It fielded teams at the senior level of the OHA from 1899 to 1903. The senior teams were OHA champions from 1900 to 1903. Stanley Cup challenge As 1901 champions of the Ontario Hockey Association, the Wellingtons were eligible to challenge for the Stanley Cup. In January 1902, the Wellingtons travelled to Winnipeg, Manitoba to play the Winnipeg Victorias for the Stanley Cup. See also List of Stanley Cup champions References Category:Defunct ice hockey teams in Canada We Category:Ice hockey teams in Ontario

Hyena butter

Hyena butter is a secretion from the anal gland of hyenas used to mark territory and to identify individuals by odor. The gooey substance is spread onto objects within the territory of the hyena by rubbing their posterior against the object they mark. African legends state that witches would ride hyenas and use a gourd full of hyena butter as fuel for the torches that they carried through the night. See also Deer musk Dog odor Territorial marking References Category:Carnivora anatomy Category:Hyenas Category:Secretion

Malahide, Ontario

Malahide (Canada 2016 Census population 9,292) is a municipal township in Elgin County in southwestern Ontario, Canada. History Malahide Township was named for Malahide Castle in Malahide, Ireland, birthplace of land grant administrator Colonel Thomas Talbot in 1810. The village of Springfield was incorporated as a separate municipality in 1878. The current municipality was formed in 1998 through an amalgamation of the original Township of Malahide, the former Township of South Dorchester and the former Village of Springfield. The Ontario Police College is located in Malahide, at the site of the former Royal Canadian Air Force Station Aylmer, a training facility. Communities The township comprises the communities of Candyville, Crossley-Hunter, Copenhagen, Dunboyne, Fairview, Glencolin, Grovesend, Jaffa, Kingsmill, Lakeview, Little Aylmer, Luton, Lyons, Mile Corner, Mount Salem, Mount Vernon, Ormond Beach, Orwell, Port Bruce, Seville, Springfield, Summers Corners and Waneeta Beach. Demographics Population data prior to amalgamation (1998): Population total in 1996: 8,891 Malahide (township): 6,255 South Dorchester (township): 1,889 Springfield (village): 741 Population in 1991: Malahide (township): 6,000 South Dorchester (township): 1,887 Springfield (village): 627 See also List of townships in Ontario References External links Category:Lower-tier municipalities in Ontario Category:Municipalities in Elgin County Category:Township municipalities in Ontario

Romanization (cultural)

Romanization or Latinization (or Romanisation or Latinisation), in the historical and cultural meanings of both terms, indicate different historical processes, such as acculturation, integration and assimilation of newly incorporated and peripheral populations by the Roman Republic and the later Roman Empire. Ancient Roman historiography and Italian historiography until the fascist period used to call the various processes the "civilizing of barbarians". Characteristics Acculturation proceeded from the top down, with the upper classes adopting Roman culture first and the old ways lingering for the longest among peasants in outlying countryside and rural areas. Hostages played an important part in this process, as elite children, from Mauretania to Gaul, were taken to be raised and educated in Rome. Ancient Roman historiography and traditional Italian historiography confidently identified the different processes involved with a "civilization of barbarians". Modern historians take a more nuanced view: by making their peace with Rome, local elites could make their position more secure and reinforce their prestige. New themes include the study of personal and group values and the construction of identity, which is the personal aspect of ethnogenesis. The transitions operated differently in different provinces; as Blagg and Millett point out even a Roman province may be too broad a canvas to generalize. One characteristic of cultural Romanization was the creation of many hundreds of Roman coloniae in the territory of the Roman Republic and the subsequent Roman Empire. Until Trajan, colonies were created by using retired veteran soldiers, mainly from the Italian peninsula, who promoted Roman customs and laws, with the use of Latin. It has been estimated that at the beginning of the empire, about 750,000 Italians lived in the provinces. Julius Caesar, Mark Anthony and Octavian settled many of their veterans in colonies: in Italy, and the provinces. The colonies that were established in Italy until 14 BCE have been studied by Keppie (1983). In his account of the achievements of his long reign, Res Gestae Divi Augusti, Augustus stated that he had settled 120,000 soldiers in twenty colonies in Italy in 31 BCE, then 100,000 men in colonies in Spain and southern Gaul in 14 BCE, followed by another 96,000 in 2 BCE. Brian Campbell also states "From 49 to 32 BCE about 420,000 Italians were recruited", which would thus be the veteran (citizen) stock that was largely sent to the provinces (colonies) during Augustus. The Lex Calpurnia, however, also allowed citizenship to be granted for distinguished bravery. For example, the 1,000 socii from Camerinum after Vercellae 101 BCE (Plutarch Mar. XXXVIII) and the auxiliary (later Legio XXII Deiotariana) after Zela, got Roman citizenship. By the time of Augustus, the legions consisted mostly of ethnic Latins/Italics and Cisalpine Gauls. However, Romanization did not always result in the extinction of all aspects of native cultures even when there was extensive acculturation. Many non-Latin provincial languages survived the entire period while sustaining considerable Latin influence, including the ancestor languages of Welsh, Albanian, Basque and Berber. Where there was language replacement, in some cases, such as Italy, it took place in the early imperial stage, while in others, native languages only totally succumbed to Latin after the fall of the Empire, as was likely the case with Gaulish. The Gaulish language is thought to have survived into the 6th century in France, despite considerable Romanization of the local material culture. The last record of spoken Gaulish deemed to be plausibly credible was when Gregory of Tours wrote in the 6th century (c. 560-575) that a shrine in Auvergne which "is called Vasso Galatae in the Gallic tongue" was destroyed and burnt to the ground. Coexisting with Latin, Gaulish helped shape the Vulgar Latin dialects that developed into French, with effects including loanwords and calques (including oui, the word for "yes"), sound changes, and influences in conjugation and word order. Process All that led to many gradual developments. The very existence is a source of contention among modern archaeologists. One of the first approaches, which now can be regarded as the "traditional" approach, was taken by Francis Haverfield. He saw this process beginning in primarily post-conquest societies (such as Britain and Gaul), where direct Roman policy from the top promoted an increase in the Roman population of the province through the establishment of veteran colonies. The coloniae would have spoken Latin and been citizens of Rome following their army tenure (See Roman citizenship). Haverfield thus assumes this would have a Romanising effect upon the native communities. This thought process, fueled though it was by early 20th century standards of imperialism and cultural change, forms the basis for the modern understanding of Romanization. However, recent scholarship has devoted itself to providing alternate models of how native populations adopted Roman culture and has questioned the extent to which it was accepted or resisted. Non-Interventionist Model – Native elites were encouraged to increase social standing through association with the powerful conqueror be it in dress, language, housing and food consumption. That provides them with associated power. The establishment of a civil administration system is quickly imposed to solidify the permanence of Roman rule. Discrepant Identity – No uniformity of identity that can accurately be described as traditional Romanization. Fundamental differences within a province are visible through economics, religion and identity. Not all provincials supported Rome and not all elites wanted to be like the Roman upper classes. Acculturation – Aspects of both Native and Roman cultures are joined together., as can be seen in the Roman acceptance, and adoption of, non-Classical religious practices. The inclusion of Isis, Epona, Britannia and Dolichenus into the pantheon are evidence. Creolization – Romanization occurs as a result of negotiation between different elements of non-egalitarian societies and so material culture is ambiguous. Legacy Roman names were adopted. The Latin language was spread, which was greatly facilitated by the fact that many cultures were mostly oral (particularly for the Gauls and Iberians). Anyone who wanted to deal (through writing) with the bureaucracy and/or with the Roman market had to write in Latin. The extent of the adoption is subject to ongoing debate, as the native languages were certainly spoken after the conquests. Moreover, in the eastern half of the Empire, Latin had to compete with Greek, which largely kept its position as lingua franca and even spread to new areas. Latin became prominent in certain areas around new veteran colonies like Berytus. The ancient tribal laws were replaced by Roman law, with its institutions of property rights. Typically-Roman institutions, such as public baths, the imperial cult and gladiator fights, were adopted. Gradually, the conquered would see themselves as Romans. The process was supported by the Roman Republic and then by the Roman Empire. The entire process was facilitated by the Indo-European origin of most of the languages and by the similarity of the gods of many ancient cultures. They also already had had trade relations and contacts with one another through the seafaring Mediterranean cultures like the Phoenicians and the Greeks. Romanization was largely effective in the western half of the empire, where native civilizations were weaker. In the Hellenized east, ancient civilizations like those of Ancient Egypt, Anatolia,The Balkans, Judea and Syria, effectively resisted all but its most superficial effects. When the Empire was divided, the east, with mainly Greek culture, was marked by the increasing strength of specifically Greek culture and language to the detriment of the Latin language and other Romanizing influences, but its citizens continued to regard themselves as Romans. While Britain certainly was Romanized, its approximation to the Roman culture seems to have been smaller than that of Gaul. The most romanized regions, as demonstrated by Dott. Bernward Tewes and Barbara Woitas of the computing center of the Catholic University Eichstätt-Ingolstadt, were Italy, the Iberian Peninsula, Gaul, southern Germany and Dalmatia. Romanization in most of those regions remains such a powerful cultural influence in most aspects of life today that they are described as "Latin countries" and "Latin American countries". That is most evident in European countries in which Romance languages are spoken and former colonies that have inherited the languages and other Roman influences. According to Theodor Mommsen, cultural Romanisation was more complete in those areas that developed a "neolatin language" (like Spanish, French, Italian, Portuguese, and Romanian). The same process later developed in the recent centuries' colonial empires. See also Italic peoples Latinization of names Roman citizenship Romanitas Latin Rights Romance languages Romanization of Hispania Illyro-Roman Thraco-Roman Gallo-Roman Daco-Roman Romano-British culture List of cities founded by the Romans Spread of the Latin script Historiography of Romanization Romanization of Anatolia Notes References Francisco Marco Simón, "Religion and Religious Practices of the Ancient Celts of the Iberian Peninsula" in e-Keltoi: The Celts in the Iberian Peninsula, 6 287–345 (online) Interpretatio and the Romanization of Celtic deities. Mommsen, Theodore. The Provinces of the Roman Empire Barnes & Noble (re-edition). New York, 2004 Susanne Pilhofer: "Romanisierung in Kilikien? Das Zeugnis der Inschriften" (Quellen und Forschungen zur Antiken Welt 46), Munich 2006. External links Redfern, Rebecca and DeWitte, Sharon N., "A new approach to the study of Romanization in Britain: A regional perspective of cultural change in late Iron Age and Roman Dorset using the Siler and Gompertz–Makeham models of mortality", American Journal of Physical Anthropology, Volume 144, Issue 2, pages 269–285, February 2011 Category:Ancient Roman society Category:Ancient Roman culture Category:Cultural assimilation

Zouhair Bahaoui

Zouhair Med Bahaoui (born November 22, 1995), better known as Zouhair Bahaoui (), is a Moroccan pop singer and songwriter and producer. He gained fame after he released "Hasta Luego" in 2017, which became a smash hit single in Morocco and neighboring countries. Career Bahaoui began his music career after he won a Moroccan talent competition in 2009 and received a prize after releasing his debut single "Tsala Liya Solde" in 2016. He broke through with the release of "Hasta Luego" a collaboration with artists TiiwTiiw and CHK. The music video has received over 230 million views so far. He was nominated in the Pop category at the 2017 Morocco Music Awards. Discography Singles Tsala Liya Solde (2016) Ghamza (2017) Hasta Luego (ft TiiwTiiw & CHK) (2017) Muchas Gracias (2017) LOVe BADR (2018) Décapotable (2018) DIN€RO (2019) Music videos Tsala Liya Solde (2016) Ghamza (2017) Hasta Luego (ft TiiwTiiw & CHK) (2017) Muchas Gracias (2017) Désolé (2018) Décapotable (2018) DIN€RO (2019) FAVOR (2019) References Category:1995 births Category:Living people Category:Moroccan male singers Category:Moroccan pop singers Category:21st-century singers Category:21st-century male singers

Volokolamsk Highway

Volokolamsk Highway (Russian: Волоколамское шоссе) is a novel written by Alexandr Bek, published in Russian in 1944, with later translations into English, Hebrew, Spanish, Chinese, German and many other languages during the 1940s and '50s. The novel, based on real events in October, 1941, during the Battle of Moscow, describes defensive fighting over several days by a single battalion of the 316th Rifle Division against elements of German Army Group Center. Both for its realism and for its practical advice on infantry tactics in modern war, Volokolamsk Highway became standard reading for junior officers in the Red Army and later Soviet Army, the forces of the arising State of Israel, and most socialist and revolutionary movements during the latter part of the 20th century. The novel has been out of print in English for several decades. Creation and inspiration After a short term of service as a volunteer in the 8th (Krasnaya Presnya) Volunteer Rifle Division, Bek, who already had an established reputation as a writer, was reassigned as a war correspondent. In March, 1942, he was attached to the former 316th Rifle Division, now the 8th Guards "Panfilov" Rifle Division, where he met then-Captain Baurjan Momysh-Uly. Bek had been told of Momysh-Uly's heroic conduct as a Senior Lieutenant in command of the 1st Battalion of the 1077th Rifle Regiment in the October battles before Moscow. Bek saw this as the basis of a lightly-fictionalized novel to commemorate the defenders of the Soviet capital. Momysh-Uly was very reluctant to cooperate, but he eventually gave his story, and Bek captured his reluctance in the novel. In the end, Momysh-Uly strongly disapproved of Bek's book, which he claimed to be an unrealistic depiction of events, and criticized the author relentlessly for the remainder of his life. He later produced his own series of books to tell the story from his perspective. Plot summary The structure of the novel is as an interview between a war correspondent and the commander of the battalion. The opening paragraph is as follows: The remainder of the novel is almost entirely told in the first person by Momysh-Uly, and is in two parts. Part One begins with Momysh-Uly and the correspondent negotiating the terms of their collaboration. Momysh-Uly then recounts the arrival of the battalion along the Ruza River west of Moscow in October, 1941. In order to combat fear among his men he finds it necessary to order the execution of a sergeant who has deserted the line and shot himself through the hand. The next day he goes on to try to convince his men that their duty is not to die for their country, but to make their enemies die for theirs. Division commander I.V. Panfilov arrives in the battalion's position on Oct. 13. He points out that while the defensive positions of the battalion are good, Momysh-Uly has made no provisions for offensive action in the no-man's-land between the Ruza and the Germans. A party of picked men then successfully stage a deep raid at night against a German-held village, raising the morale of the entire battalion. The story then goes back to July. The division is being organized near Alma-Ata, from men from Kazakhstan (like Momysh-Uly) and Kirghizia. The remainder of Part One describes the formation and training of the division, the growing personal relationship between Momysh-Uly and Panfilov, and the sound advice the former takes from the latter. Part Two begins with the battalion dug in very thinly along the Ruza, trying to cover a sector 8 km wide. Other sectors are coming under attack from German tanks. Panfilov visits for an hour, and persuades Momysh-Uly to send two platoons into no-man's-land to set up ambush positions along the two roads leading to his sector, and describes how they should fall back to the main position. One platoon is very successful in this operation, but the second cuts and runs after its first encounter. On Oct. 23 the main position comes under attack, with an artillery barrage directed by a spotting aircraft. Much of the barrage falls on dummy positions, and the battalion takes few casualties. Just as German infantry are about to attack, the Russian artillery observer is wounded by German shellfire, and Momysh-Uly (who is a former artilleryman) takes over, directing fire from the eight guns supporting his battalion from a church steeple. This fire blunts the German attack. At the close of the day, Momysh-Uly learns that Germans to his north have penetrated the front, and that the scratch battalion to his south has been routed; he is facing encirclement. He helps lead a counter-attack to the north, then orders a retreat eastwards to a grove of woods. Following this, he is presented with 87 stragglers from the routed scratch battalion. At first he wants nothing to do with them, as they had already broken and run once. On impulse he decides to test them, by leading them into a night counter-attack against the Germans in the village they have captured just east of the Ruza. To his surprise, all 87 follow him and redeem themselves by killing Germans, destroying a lot of their equipment, and burning their bridge across the river. He then welcomes them to join his battalion. He further orders them to recover their battalion guns, which delays the withdrawal of the rest of the battalion, almost fatally. In the end, Momysh-Uly devises a tactic to enable his entire combat group to escape from encirclement, breaking through German forces bogged down in the mud, and the troops rejoin the division in Volokolamsk, much to the approval of Gen. Panfilov. Impact of the Novel Bek also wrote two sequels, Several Days and General Panfilov's Reserve. The series gained international, as well as Soviet, recognition: Published in Hebrew in 1946, Volokolamsk Highway "held an almost cult status in the Palmach and later in the Israeli Army" according to media researcher Yuval Shachal, and became a standard tactical handbook in the Israeli Defense Forces. Inspired by the novel, future Israeli Chief of the General Staff Motta Gur once held a "Panfilov Roll Call" for two soldiers who deserted from his company when he was a young officer, shaming them in front of the other troops; he wrote that it was a common practice in the IDF at the time. During 2005, Ehud Barak told "we, as young officers, were raised on Momyshuly." Volokolamsk Highway was popular in Cuba, as well. Fidel Castro told Norberto Fuentes that "the idea to use the love of the Motherland for convincing people to support me, came to me after reading the novel." The novel was well known among members of the Cuban Revolutionary Armed Forces; in 1961, Raul Castro told a journalist that every regimental commander was "compelled to have a copy". In Jesús Díaz's acclaimed 1987 novel Las iniciales de la tierra, the protagonist cites Bek's book as a major influence on his life. The novel was also included in the list of "compulsory reading" for members of the Chinese Communist Party and People's Liberation Army personnel. On 27 June 1963, the East German Ministry of National Defense issued its Order no. 50/63 - drafted on the initiative of Walter Ulbricht - which introduced Volokolamsk Highway as part of the political education program for the soldiers of the National People's Army. In the official history of the NVA, historian Major General Reinhard Brühl had cited it as having a major influence on the soldiers. References Category:1944 novels Category:Soviet novels

Biotransducer

A biotransducer is the recognition-transduction component of a biosensor system. It consists of two intimately coupled parts; a bio-recognition layer and a physicochemical transducer, which acting together converts a biochemical signal to an electronic or optical signal. The bio-recognition layer typically contains an enzyme or another binding protein such as antibody. However, oligonucleotide sequences, sub-cellular fragments such as organelles (e.g. mitochondria) and receptor carrying fragments (e.g. cell wall), single whole cells, small numbers of cells on synthetic scaffolds, or thin slices of animal or plant tissues, may also comprise the bio-recognition layer. It gives the biosensor selectivity and specificity. The physicochemical transducer is typically in intimate and controlled contact with the recognition layer. As a result of the presence and biochemical action of the analyte (target of interest), a physico-chemical change is produced within the biorecognition layer that is measured by the physicochemical transducer producing a signal that is proportionate to the concentration of the analyte. The physicochemical transducer may be electrochemical, optical, electronic, gravimetric, pyroelectric or piezoelectric. Based on the type of biotransducer, biosensors can be classified as shown to the right. Electrochemical biotransducers Electrochemical biosensors contain a biorecognition element that selectively reacts with the target analyte and produces an electrical signal that is proportional to the analyte concentration. In general, there are several approaches that can be used to detect electrochemical changes during a biorecognition event and these can be classified as follows: amperometric, potentiometric, impedance, and conductometric. Amperometric Amperometric transducers detect change in current as a result of electrochemical oxidation or reduction. Typically, the bioreceptor molecule is immobilized on the working electrode (commonly gold, carbon, or platinum). The potential between the working electrode and the reference electrode (usually Ag/AgCl) is fixed at a value and then current is measured with respect to time. The applied potential is the driving force for the electron transfer reaction. The current produced is a direct measure of the rate of electron transfer. The current reflects the reaction occurring between the bioreceptor molecule and analyte and is limited by the mass transport rate of the analyte to the electrode. Potentiometric Potentiometric sensors measure a potential or charge accumulation of an electrochemical cell. The transducer typically comprises an ion selective electrode (ISE) and a reference electrode. The ISE features a membrane that selectively interacts with the charged ion of interest, causing the accumulation of a charge potential compared to the reference electrode. The reference electrode provides a constant half-cell potential that is unaffected by analyte concentration. A high impedance voltmeter is used to measure the electromotive force or potential between the two electrodes when zero or no significant current flows between them. The potentiometric response is governed by the Nernst equation in that the potential is proportional to the logarithm of the concentration of the analyte. Impedance Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) involves measuring resistive and capacitive changes caused by a biorecognition event. Typically, a small amplitude sinusoidal electrical stimulus is applied, causing current to flow through the biosensor. The frequency is varied over a range to obtain the impedance spectrum. The resistive and capacitive components of impedance are determined from in phase and out of phase current responses. Typically, a conventional three-electrode system is made specific to the analyte by immobilizing a biorecognition element to the surface. A voltage is applied and the current is measured. The interfacial impedance between the electrode and solution changes as a result of the analyte binding. An impedance analyzer can be used to control and apply the stimulus as well as measure the impedance changes. Conductometry Conductometric sensing involves measuring the change in conductive properties of the sample solution or a medium. The reaction between the biomolecule and analyte changes the ionic species concentration, leading to a change in the solution electrical conductivity or current flow. Two metal electrodes are separated at a certain distance and an AC potential is applied across the electrodes, causing a current flow between the electrodes. During a biorecognition event the ionic composition changes, using an ohmmeter the change in conductance can be measured. Optical biotransducers Optical biotransducers, used in optical biosensors for signal transduction, use photons in order to collect information about analyte. These are highly sensitive, highly specific, small in size and cost effective. The detection mechanism of optical biotransducer depends upon the enzyme system that converts analyte into products which are either oxidized or reduced at the working electrode. Evanescent field detection principle is most commonly used in an optical biosensor system as the transduction principle . This principle is one of the most sensitive detection methods. It enables the detection of fluorophores exclusively in the close proximity of the optical fiber. FET-based electronic biotransducers Electronic biosensing offers significant advantages over optical, biochemical and biophysical methods, in terms of high sensitivity and new sensing mechanisms, high spatial resolution for localized detection, facile integration with standard wafer-scale semiconductor processing and label-free, real-time detection in a nondestructive manner [6]. Devices based on field-effect transistors (FETs) have attracted great attention because they can directly translate the interactions between target biological molecules and the FET surface into readable electrical signals. In a FET, current flows along the channel which is connected to the source and the drain. The channel conductance between the source and the drain is switched on and off by gate electrode that is capacitively coupled through a thin dielectric layer [6]. In FET-based biosensors, the channel is in direct contact with the environment, and this gives better control over the surface charge. This improves the sensitivity of surface FET-based biosensors as biological events occurring at the channel surface could result in the surface potential variation of the semiconductor channel and then modulate the channel conductance. In addition to ease of on-chip integration of device arrays and the cost-effective device fabrication, the surface ultrasensitivity of FET-based biosensors makes it an attractive alternative to existing biosensor technologies[6]. Gravimetric/Piezoelectric biotransducers Gravimetric biosensors use the basic principle of a response to a change in mass. Most gravimetric biosensors use thin piezoelectric quartz crystals, either as resonating crystals (QCM), or as bulk/surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices. In the majority of these the mass response is inversely proportional to the crystal thickness. Thin polymer films are also used in which biomolecules can be added to the surface with known surface mass. Acoustic waves can be projected to the thin film to produce an oscillatory device, which then follows an equation that is nearly identical to the Sauerbrey equation used in the QCM method. Biomolecules, such as proteins or antibodies can bind and its change in mass gives a measureable signal proportional to the presence of the target analyte in the sample. Pyroelectric biotransducers Pyroelectric biosensors generate an electric current as a result of a temperature change. This differential induces a polarization in the substance, producing a dipole moment in the direction of the temperature gradient. The result is a net voltage across the material. This net voltage can be calculated by the following equation. where V = Voltage, ω = angular frequency of the modulated incident, P = pyroelectric coefficient, L = film thickness, ε = film dielectric constant, A = area of film, r = resistance of the film, C = capacitance of the film, τE = electrical time constant of the detector output. See also Biosensor DNA field-effect transistor Biointerface Electrochemiluminescence Bioelectronics Nanobiotechnology References Category:Biosensors Category:Biotechnology Category:Molecular biology

Paul Vanden Boeynants

Paul Emile François Henri Vanden Boeynants (; 22 May 1919 – 9 January 2001) was a Belgian politician. He served as the 41st prime minister of Belgium for two brief periods (1966–68 and 1978–79). Career Vanden Boeynants (called "VDB" by journalists) was born in Forest / Vorst, a municipality in the Brussels-Capital Region. Active as a businessman in the meat industry, he was a Representative for the PSC-CVP between 1949 and 1979. From 1961 to 1966 he led the Christian democrat PSC-CVP (which was in those days a single party). He led the CEPIC, its conservative fraction. Vanden Boeynants served as minister for the middle class (1958-1961). In 1966, he became Prime Minister of Belgium; he stayed in this post for two years. From 1972-1979 he served as minister of defense. In 1978–1979 he led another Belgian government. Vanden Boeynants then served as chairman of the PSC (1979-1981). He left politics in 1995, and died of pneumonia after undergoing cardiovascular surgery in 2001. One of his famous expressions, in a unique mixture of Dutch and French, was: Trop is te veel en te veel is trop. ("too many is too much and too much is too many"). Fraud Convicted in 1986 for fraud and tax evasion, Vanden Boeynants escaped jail but was sentenced to three years. This prevented him from pursuing mayoral aspirations in Brussels. He underwent a political rehabilitation during the early 1990s. Kidnapping In an incident that is still the subject of dispute, Vanden Boeynants was kidnapped on 14 January 1989 by members of the Haemers criminal gang. Three days later, the criminals published a note in the leading Brussels newspaper Le Soir, demanding 30 million Belgian francs in ransom. Vanden Boeynants was released unharmed a month later, on 13 February, when an undisclosed ransom was paid to the perpetrators. The gang members were caught and imprisoned. Patrick Haemers, the head of the gang, later committed suicide in prison, and two members of his gang managed to escape from the St Gillis Prison in 1993. In popular culture The kidnapping was referenced in a 1989 novelty song by the New Beat band Brussels Sound Revolution called "Qui...?", which featured samples from the press conference Vanden Boeynants gave after his kidnapping. It was a hit on both sides of the Belgian language border. In Flanders, Belgium it reached the 28th place in the Radio 2 hitparade at the time for one week. Honours : Minister of State, by Royal Decree. : Grand Cordon in the Order of Leopold. : Knight Grand Cross in the Order of Leopold II. Knight Grand Cross in the Order of Saints Michael and George. Grand Officer in the Legion of Honour. Literature N. Hirson, Paul Vanden Boeynants, Brussels, 1969. Paul Debogne, Les Amis de Paul Vanden Boeynants et leurs Affaires, Ed. Vie Ouvrière, Brussel, 1970. R. Stuyck, Paul Vanden Boeynants, boeman of supermen?, Brussels, 1973. Els Cleemput & Alain Guillaume, La rançon d'une vie. Paul Vanden Boeynants 30 jours aux mains de Patrick Haemers, Brussels, 1990. D. Ilegems & J. Willems, De avonturen van VDB, Brussels, 1991. P. Havaux & P. Marlet, Sur la piste du crocodile, Brussels, 1994. Armand De Decker, In memoriam Paul Vanden Boeynants, Belgian Senate, 18 January 2001. References External links Paul Vanden Boeynants in ODIS - Online Database for Intermediary Structures |- |- Category:1919 births Category:2001 deaths Category:Belgian businesspeople Category:Belgian fraudsters Category:Belgian Ministers of State Category:Recipients of the Grand Cross of the Order of Leopold II Category:Christian Social Party (Belgium, defunct) politicians Category:20th-century Belgian politicians Category:20th-century Belgian criminals Category:Kidnapped Belgian people Category:Kidnapped politicians Category:People from Forest, Belgium Category:Prime Ministers of Belgium Category:Belgian Roman Catholics

SMIT

SMIT may refer to: Institutes IT and Development Centre. Ministry of the Interior, Estonia, agency under the Ministry of the Interior responsible for providing the developing ICT services for Estonia Sikkim Manipal Institute of Technology, a co-educational private institute of engineering and management in Majitar, Rangpo, East Sikkim, India Saroj Mohan Institute of Technology, a co-educational private engineering college in West Bengal, India Other uses Smit International, a Dutch company operating in the maritime sector IBM AIX SMIT, the AIX OS interface See also Smit, a surname

Direct negotiations between Chile and Argentina in 1977–78

The direct negotiations between Chile and Argentina about the islands and maritime rights in Beagle conflict began after the Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom announced on 2 May 1977 the judgement of the Beagle Channel Arbitration to the governments of both countries. The court ruled that the islands and all adjacent formations belonged to Chile. The direct negotiations finished with the Act of Montevideo on 9 January 1979, where both countries accept the papal mediation after Argentina's call off of the Operation Soberanía. This was the most dangerous phase of the Beagle Conflict and there was a real possibility of open warfare. Internal politics of both countries Argentina and Chile were both ruled by military governments at the time of the negotiations. The Chilean and Argentine governments shared common interests: internal war against subversion, annihilating the opposition; external war against communism, remaining nonetheless part of the non-aligned movement; modernisation and liberalisation of the economy; a conservative approach towards social and class relations. By the end of 1977, the war against subversion and opposition was substantially over in both countries, as the Operation Condor had lost momentum and détente had improved East-West relations. The two countries maintained good economic relations. But in 1977, the conflict over the Beagle Channel had become the primary foreign policy imperative of both governments. Chile There was considerable international condemnation of the Chilean Military Regime's human rights record. President Augusto Pinochet enjoyed absolute authority and was largely unaccountable to other elements within the military, the Beagle conflict was a less significant issue and there was a highly unusual dialogue on the subject with the opposition. Eduardo Frei Montalva, leader of the Opposition, backed the policy of the government in this matter: "They, not Chile, are feeding a conflict of dramatic consequences". The most important negotiation goal of the Chilean government was to negotiate the maritime boundary without land loss. Argentina Despite the many violations of human rights in Argentina the junta enjoyed abroad good regards and the human rights commission of the United Nations didn't condemn the Argentine Junta, until 1981. In 1978 the World Cup Final was held in Argentina and their team won the FIFA World Cup. The Argentine President Jorge Rafael Videla was considered by journalists at the beginning of its government with sympathy: "The dictator was described as correctly, politely, puritan in excess, deeply catholic and one showed understanding" In Argentina, the consequences of the dispute for internal politics were more significant. The conflict became a keyword for the extreme nationalist elements within the military junta that controlled the country until 1983. Among many junta members, a conciliatory approach to Chile came to be regarded as a sign of weakness, giving the dispute far-reaching ramifications at the highest levels of Argentine politics. This ultimately produced an environment in which relatively moderate decision makers assumed a more aggressive posture due to the fear of removal. The Argentine Historian Luis Alberto Romero wrote about the Argentine Government: «By that time, a bellicose current of opinion had arisen among the military and its friend, an attitude rooted in a strain of Argentine nationalism, which drew substance from strong chauvinistic sentiments. Diverse ancient fantasies in society's historical imaginary – the "patria grande", the "spoliation" that the country had suffered – where added to a new fantasy of "entering the first world" through a "strong" foreign policy. All this combined with the traditional messianic military mentality and the ingenuousness of its strategies which were ignorant of the most elemental facts of international politics. The aggression against Chile, stymied by papal mediation, was transferred to Great Britain …» Similar arguments appeared in "New York Times on 31 December 1978": «Beagle Channel controversy that has brought the military regimes of Argentina and Chile to the brink of war is an expression of the turbulent revisionism underway in Argentina in reaction to frustrations in national life. Argentine policy is made by military men whose nationalist values are mixed with personal ambitions, phobias against politicians, "progressive" …» During the crisis the Argentine Government was divided in two groups, hardliners, which pressured for drastic military actions and softliners that struggled to maintain bilateral negotiations. The Argentine Challenge Argentina took steps to increment the pressure upon Chile: in October 1978 the presidents of Bolivia and Argentina signed a demand for a Bolivian sea entrance, the Argentine Claims over the Falkland Islands and the Argentine Claims in the Beagle conflict. the Argentine Armed Forces planned the Operation Soberanía, to occupy the islands, wait for the Chilean Reaction and then reply. Mobilization orders were issued, the navy sailed southwards and the army was deployed to the border. 4000 Chilean Citizens were expelled from Argentina. Blackout drills were conducted in various cities, even if the cities were unreachable for the overaged Chilean Air Force abject warmongering: General Luciano Menendez, Chief Commander of the III Argentine Army Corps: «If [our government] let us attack the Chileans, we will chase her away up to Easter Island, we will celebrate the New Year's Eve in La Moneda and afterwards we will go for a Champagne-slash to the pacific beach» An Argentine Officer: «We will cross the Andes, we will eat the chickens and rape the women» the Argentine Borderpolice (Gendarmería) closed the border to Chile several times, a step regarded as preliminary stage to the war Jorge Videla, President of Argentina threatened war if Chile didn't accept the Argentine Conditions: «Las negociaciones directas constituyen la única vía pacífica para solucionar el conflicto» (Translation: «Direct Negotiations are the only peaceful way out to resolve the conflict») The Chilean Reaction Chile held the islands de facto at least since 1881 and de jure after the judgement. The Chilean newspaper El Mercurio annotated about the pre-war disposition «In difference to Chile, where the preparation of war was inconspicuous in order not to alarm the population, the Argentines mobilized amidst loud demonstrations…». The Ambassador of the United States of America in Buenos Aires in 1978, Raúl Héctor Castro, described in similar words the situation in Chile: M. Aizenk: Did you exert the same pressure in Santiago as in Buenos Aires? R.Castro: No, I found a calmer atmosphere among the Chileans. There was not the resoluteness to cross the border immediately. I didn't see any thing like that in the Chilean Army The meetings About the issues of the negotiations see Interests of the Parties One day after the announcement of the award on 2 May 1977, the Argentine Minister of Foreign Affairs foreshadowed a possible refusal: «…no commitment obliges a country to comply with that which affects its vital interests or that which damages rights of sovereignty…». Frenzied diplomatic activity occurred alongside the military preparations. On 5 May 1977 the Argentine Government sent to Chile the Chief of Staff (jefe del Estado Mayor Conjunto), Admiral Julio Torti with the proposal for direct discussions regarding the consequences of the arbitral award, particularly the maritime border. This overture eventually led to two rounds of discussions, held from July 5 to 8 1977 in Buenos Aires and October 17 to 20 1977 in Santiago de Chile. On 14 June 1977 the Chilean Government issued the decree n°416 over the baselines (See Chilean Baselines Map) complicating the situation still further. Torti's proposal On 5 December 1977 Admiral Torti returned to Santiago with a new proposal. The new proposal conceded the Picton, Nueva and Lennox Islands group to Chile, but it called for joint ownership of three other islands to the south that Chile considered unequivocally Chilean: Evout, Barnevelt, and Cape Horn Island. The Torti proposal also provided for a maritime boundary that would extend south for 200 miles along a meridian passing through Cape Horn. The new proposal extended the problem beyond of the "Hammer" (ABCDEF) to all islands south from the Tierra del Fuego as far as Cape Hoorn. In December 1977 met the Ministers of Foreign Affairs Patricio Carvajal of Chile and Oscar Antonio Montes of Argentina. Both meetings were unsuccessful. On 10 January 1978 Chile invited Argentina to submit the dispute to the International Court of Justice. But Argentina, dissatisfied with the ruling, did not pursue further juridical proceedings. In Mendoza The Argentine and Chilean presidents met in Mendoza on 19 January 1978 and they agreed to meet again in March in a definitive attempt to reach a settlement through direct negotiation. On 25 January 1978 Argentina repudiated the binding Arbitral Award. On 26 January 1978 Chile declared the Award binding and unappealable. In Puerto Montt On 20 February 1978 Argentine and Chilean presidents signed the Act of Puerto Montt establishing a formal structure for further direct negotiations. Negotiations held in accordance with the Act of Puerto Montt were, however, unsuccessful. On 20 November 1978 Chile proposed again to submit to the International Court in The Hague as provided by a 1972 treaty and was unofficially informed that Argentina would consider that option as a Casus belli, but a mediation was accepted by the Junta. The two foreign ministers met on December 12 in Buenos Aires to decide who would be asked to mediate. The candidates were the President of the United States of America Jimmy Carter, the King Juan Carlos of Spain, a European President and the Pope. Both minister asserted that the only acceptable candidate was the Pope, but in the evening the Chilean Minister received a phone call to inform him that the Argentine Junta hadn't authorized the signing of the mediation agreement. The failure of the December 12, 1978 meeting convinced many decision makers in both Chile and Argentina that war was both inevitable and imminent. On December 14, 1978, in a meeting the Comite Militar, formed by the president, the three members of the Junta, the secretaries of the three armed forces and two more members both from the army's staff, (President Videla and the Foreign Minister were not invited) decided on military action: the Operation Soberanía should begin on 22 December 1978. Aftermath The Chilean Armed Forces were not able to impose by presence the Arbitral Award of 1977. Pinochet's regime could not prevent through international pressure the Argentine Declaration of nullity. It was one of the largest defeats of the Chilean dictatorship on international terrain. The Argentine Regime encumbered a problem for years that they could not resolve. Neither through the threat of war nor through negotiations could Chile be moved to change the (land) border that was defined by the Arbitral Award. The military tension at the border persisted until the Falklands War, and is often supposed to be the reason for Chilean Support to the United Kingdom during the war. After the return to democracy in Argentina, Chile accepted shifting the maritime Border to the west. See also Falklands War Argentina-Chile relations Foreign relations of Argentina Foreign relations of Chile Notes References Beagle Channel Arbitration between the Republic of Argentina and the Republic of Chile, Report and Decision of the Court of Arbitration Mark Laudy: The Vatican Mediation of the Beagle Channel Dispute: Crisis Intervention and Forum Building in Words Over War of Carnegie Commission on Preventing Deadly Conflict. Alejandro Luis Corbacho: Predicting the Probability of War During Brinkmanship Crises: The Beagle and the Malvinas Conflicts, Universidad del CEMA, Argentina, Documento de Trabajo No. 244, September 2003, Spanish Language Karin Oellers-Frahm: Der Schiedsspruch in der Beagle-Kanal-Streitigkeit, Berichte und Urkunden: Max-Planck-Institut für ausländisches öffentliches Recht und Völkerrecht, German Language Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores de Chile: Relaciones Chileno-Argentinas, La controversia del Beagle. Genf 1979, English and Spanish Language Andrea Wagner: Der argentinisch-chilenische Konflikt um den Beagle-Kanal. Ein Beitrag zu den Methoden friedlicher Streiterledigung. Verlag Peter Lang, Frankfurt a.M. 1992, , German Language Karl Hernekamp: Der argentinisch-chilenisch Grenzstreit am Beagle-Kanal. Institut für Iberoamerika-Kunde, Hamburg 1980, German Language Andrés Cisneros y Carlos Escudé, "Historia general de las Relaciones Exteriores de la República Argentina", Las relaciones con Chile, Cema, Argentina, Buenos Aires. Spanish Language Annegret I. Haffa: Beagle-Konflikt und Falkland (Malwinen)-Krieg. Zur Außenpolitik der Argentinischen Militarregierung 1976–1983. Weltforum Verlag, München/Köln/London 1987, , German Language Isaac F. Rojas und Arturo Medrano: Argentina en el Atlántico Chile en el Pacífico. Editorial Nemont, Buenos Aires, Argentina, 1979, in spanischer Sprache. Isaac F. Rojas, La Argentina en el Beagle y Atlántico sur 1. Parte. Editorial Diagraf, Buenos Aires, Argentina, Spanish Language Carlos Escudé und Andrés Cisneros: Historia general de las relaciones exteriores de la República Argentina (here), in spanischer Sprache. Fabio Vio Valdivieso: La mediación de su S.S. el Papa Juan Pablo II, Editorial Aconcagua, Santiago de Chile, 1984, Spanish Language Alberto Marín Madrid: El arbitraje del Beagle y la actitud argentina. 1984, Editorial Moisés Garrido Urrea, id = A-1374-84 XIII, Spanisch Language Luis Alberto Romero, Argentina in the twentieth Century. Pennsylvania State University Press, translated by James P. Brennan, 1994, Divisionsgeneral (a.D.) Juan E. Gugliamelli: Cuestión del Beagle. Negociación directa o diálogo de armas (Trans.:The Beagle-Question, direct Negotiations or Dialog of the Weapons), in Spanish Language. (Book compiled from articles of Argentine Magazin "Estrategia", Buenos Aires Nr:49/50, enero-febrero 1978, erschienen sind. General Martín Antonio Balza und Mariano Grondona: Dejo Constancia: memorias de un general argentino. Editorial Planeta, Buenos Aires 2001, , Spanish Language Francisco Bulnes Serrano und Patricia Arancibia Clavel: La Escuadra En Acción. Chile, Editorial Grijalbo, 2004, , Spanish Language External links Chilean Telecast of Televisión Nacional de Chile "Informe Especial", Theme El año que vivimos en peligro, (sometimes in YouTube), Spanish Language Argentine Telecast of History Channel: Operativo Soberanía YouTube, Spanish Language Special edition of El Mercurio, Santiago de Chile, 2 September 2005, Spanish Language. There are Interviews with contemporary witness like Ernesto Videla, Jaime Del Valle, Helmut Brunner, Marcelo Delpech und Luciano Benjamín Menéndez. Spanish Language. Interview with the (later, in the nineties) Chief Commander of the Argentine Army Martín Balza in El Mercurio de Santiago de Chile, 2 September 2005, Spanish Language Interview with Sergio Onofre Jarpa, Chile's Ambassador in Argentina 1978 to 1982 in La Tercera, Santiago, Chile, 17 March 2002, Spanish Language Interview with Argentine General Luciano Benjamín Menéndez, Commandant of the III Army Corps in El Mercurio de Santiago de Chile, (from the Argentine Magazine "Somos"), Spanish Language Interview with Pio Laghi, Nuntius in Argentina, 1978, in Clarín, Buenos Aires, 20 December 1998. Spanish Language Interview with the Ambassador of the United States of America in Argentina, Raúl Héctor Castro, in Clarín Buenos Aires, 20 December 1998, Spanish Language Interview with the former Chief of the "Secretaría General del Ejército" (a Think-Tank of the Argentine Army), General Reynaldo Bignone, President of Argentina after the Falkland War, in Clarín, Buenos Aires, 20 December 1998, Spanish Language Article Cartas desde el Abismo, Clarín, Buenos Aires, 20 December 1998, Spanish Language Article El belicismo de los dictadores Clarín, Buenos Aires, 20 December 1998, Spanish Language Article Beagle: historia secreta de la guerra que no fue La Nación, Buenos Aires, 12. August 1996, Spanish Language Article Historia de la santa mediación en Clarín, Buenos Aires, 20 December 1998, Spanish Language [ Chile-Argentina Relations], Spanish Language Toma de decisiones políticas y la influencia de los discursos oficialistas durante el Connflicto del Beagle: Chile - Argentina 1977-1979, Spanish Language Text of the Tratado de Paz y Amistad de 1984, Dirección de Fronteras y Límites de Chile, Spanish Language Text of the Peace and Friendship Treaty of 1984, Copy to the United Nations, English Language Category:Beagle conflict Category:National Reorganization Process Category:Legal history of Argentina Category:Treaties of Chile Category:Conflicts in 1978 Category:History of Tierra del Fuego Category:1977 in Argentina Category:1978 in Argentina Category:Argentina–Chile relations Category:Argentina–Chile border Category:1978 in international relations Category:1977 in international relations Category:1977 in Chile Category:1978 in Chile Category:Legal history of Chile

1960 United States presidential election in Alaska

The 1960 United States presidential election in Alaska took place on November 8, 1960, as part of the 1960 United States presidential election. Voters chose three representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president. Alaska was won by incumbent Vice-President Richard Nixon (R-California) with 50.9% of the popular vote against U.S. Senator John F. Kennedy (D-Massachusetts) with 49.1%. Kennedy ultimately won the national vote however, defeating Nixon. This was the very first presidential election that Alaska participated in. Results Electors With statehood, Alaska was given three votes in the Electoral College. This has continued to be the case to the present day. Alaska's electors in 1960 were: Charles D. Jones, of Nome Milton D. Snodgrass, of Palmer Sylvia Ringstad, of Fairbanks References Category:1960 Alaska elections Alaska 1960

Jack Northrop

John Knudsen "Jack" Northrop (November 10, 1895 – February 18, 1981) was an American aircraft industrialist and designer, who founded the Northrop Corporation in 1939. His career began in 1916 as a draftsman for Lockheed Aircraft Manufacturing Company (founded 1912). He joined the Douglas Aircraft Company in 1923, where in time he became a project engineer. In 1927 he rejoined Lockheed, where he was a chief engineer on the Lockheed Vega transport. He left in 1929 to found Avion Corporation, which he sold in 1930. Two years later, he founded the Northrop Corporation. This firm became a subsidiary of Douglas Aircraft in 1939, so he co-founded a second company named Northrop. Entering aviation Born in Newark, New Jersey, Northrop grew up in Santa Barbara, California. In 1916 Northrop's first job in aviation was in working as a draftsman for the Santa Barbara-based Loughead Aircraft Manufacturing Company. In 1923, Northrop joined Douglas Aircraft Company, participating in the design of the Douglas Round-the-World-Cruiser and working up to project engineer. In 1927 he rejoined the Loughead brothers and their newly renamed (in 1926) Lockheed Aircraft Company, working as chief engineer on the Lockheed Vega, the civilian transport monoplane with a cantilever wing that produced unusually high performance for that period, and was widely used by such top pilots as Wiley Post, Amelia Earhart, and Hubert Wilkins. In 1929 he produced an all-metal monoplane with pilot and engine within the wing structure. Although this aircraft had booms to attach the tail group, it was in fact the first step toward the flying wing. Company founding In 1929, Northrop struck out on his own, founding the Avion Corporation, which he was forced to sell to United Aircraft and Transport Corporation in 1930. In 1932, Northrop, backed by Donald Douglas of Douglas Aircraft, founded another company, the Northrop Corporation in El Segundo, California. This company built two highly successful monoplanes, the Northrop Gamma and Northrop Delta. By 1939 the Northrop Corporation had become a subsidiary of Douglas Aircraft, so Northrop founded another completely independent company of the same name in Hawthorne, California, a site located by Moye Stephens, one of the co-founders. Flying wing and other aircraft While working at this company, Northrop focused on the flying wing design, which he was convinced was the next major step in aircraft design. His first project, a reduced-scale version tested in 1940, ultimately became the giant Northrop YB-35. The Northrop XP-56 Black Bullet, a welded magnesium fighter was one of the more significant of his World War II designs, along with the Northrop P-61 Black Widow, the first American night interceptor, of which more than 700 were constructed. His inventions continued into the postwar era of jet aircraft, to produce the Northrop F-89 Scorpion all-weather interceptor, the Northrop YB-49 long-range bomber, the Northrop Snark intercontinental missile, and automatic celestial navigation systems. He produced a number of flying wings, including the Northrop N-1M, Northrop N-9M, and Northrop YB-35. His ideas regarding flying wing technology were years ahead of the computer and electronic advances of "fly-by-wire" stability systems which allow inherently unstable aircraft like the B-2 Spirit flying wing to be flown like a conventional aircraft. The flying wing and the pursuit of low drag high lift designs were Northrop's passion and its failure to be selected as the next generation bomber platform after World War II, and the subsequent dismantling of all prototypes and incomplete YB-49s, were a severe blow to him. He retired at age 57 in 1952 and virtually ended his association with the company for the next 30 years. Later years He broke a decades-long silence on the Flying Wing's demise in a 1979 television interview, accusing the Air Force of killing the project to punish him for refusing to merge his company with Consolidated Vultee. He alleged that Air Force Secretary Stuart Symington threatened him by saying, "You’ll be goddamned sorry if you don’t". Symington later left the government to head the very same Consolidated Vultee company Northrop has refused to merge with. Symington called the charge "preposterous and absurd" and told a researcher "There was a tremendous overcapacity in the industry following World War II". He said Northrop came to him, seeking more business to help his struggling company. Symington said, "I may very well have suggested that he merge his company with Convair, who we knew was going to get business." Aviation expert Bud Baker, who studied declassified documents and public records and conducted personal interviews with Symington, Air Force generals and Northrop's chairman, concluded the cancellation "was a sound decision, based on budgetary, technical, and strategic realities." Northrop dabbled in real estate and lost much of his personal fortune. In 1976, with his health failing, he felt compelled to communicate to NASA his belief in the low drag high lift concept inherent in the flying wing. NASA replied that the idea had technological merit, encouraging Northrop that his flying wing concepts had not been completely abandoned. By the late 1970s a variety of illnesses left him unable to walk or speak. Shortly before his death, he was given clearance to see designs and hold a scale model of the Northrop Grumman B-2 Spirit stealth bomber, which shared design features of his YB-35 and YB-49. The B-2, for example, has the same 172-foot wingspan as the jet-powered flying wing, YB-49. Northrop reportedly wrote on a sheet of paper "Now I know why God has kept me alive for 25 years". B-2 project designer John Cashen said, "As he held this model in his shaking hands, it was as if you could see his entire history with the flying wing passing through his mind." He died 10 months later. Awards and honors In 1947 he received the Spirit of St. Louis Medal from the American Society of Mechanical Engineers for "meritorious service in the advancement of aeronautics." Investiture in the International Aerospace Hall of Fame came in 1972, and in the National Aviation Hall of Fame in 1974. He was posthumously inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame in 2003. Northrop's passion for tailless flight was honored by the naming of a giant tailless pterosaur Quetzalcoatlus northropi. Hawthorne Municipal Airport is also known as Jack Northrop Field in his honor. References Notes Bibliography Coleman, Ted. Jack Northrop and the Flying Wing: The Real Story Behind the Stealth Bomber. New York: Paragon House, 1988; . Donald, David, editor. "Northrop Flying Wings". Encyclopedia of World Aircraft. Etobicoke, Ontario: Prospero Books, 1997; . Maloney, Edward T. Northrop Flying Wings. Corona del Mar, California: World War II Publications, 1988. . Pape, Garry and John Campbell. Northrop Flying Wings: A History of Jack Northrop's Visionary Aircraft. Atglen, Pennsylvania: Schiffer Publishing, Ltd., 1995; . Pattillo, Donald M. "Pushing the Envelope: The American Aircraft Industry". Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Press, 2001; . Winchester, Jim. "Northrop XB-35/YB-49" Concept Aircraft: Prototypes, X-Planes and Experimental Aircraft. Kent, UK: Grange Books plc., 2005; . Wooldridge, E. T. Winged Wonders: The Story of the Flying Wings. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1983; . Category:1895 births Category:1981 deaths Category:Aircraft designers Category:Aviation pioneers Category:Businesspeople in aviation Category:American aerospace engineers Category:Businesspeople from Newark, New Jersey Category:National Aviation Hall of Fame inductees Category:People from Hawthorne, California Category:Lockheed Martin people Category:Engineers from California Category:Engineers from New Jersey Category:20th-century American engineers Category:20th-century inventors

Munhiu

Munhiu is a village in Southern Highlands Province of Papua-New Guinea. It is located in the Mendi-Munihu District, in the Lai Valley, north-west of the provincial capital, Mendi. Geographical coordinates: 6° 4' 0" South, 143° 33' 0" East External links Maplandia Category:Populated places in Southern Highlands Province

Disk formatting

Disk formatting is the process of preparing a data storage device such as a hard disk drive, solid-state drive, floppy disk or USB flash drive for initial use. In some cases, the formatting operation may also create one or more new file systems. The first part of the formatting process that performs basic medium preparation is often referred to as "low-level formatting". Partitioning is the common term for the second part of the process, making the data storage device visible to an operating system. The third part of the process, usually termed "high-level formatting" most often refers to the process of generating a new file system. In some operating systems all or parts of these three processes can be combined or repeated at different levels and the term "format" is understood to mean an operation in which a new disk medium is fully prepared to store files. As a general rule, formatting a disk leaves most if not all existing data on the disk medium; some or most of which might be recoverable with special tools. Special tools can remove user data by a single overwrite of all files and free space. History A block, a contiguous number of bytes, is the minimum unit of storage that is read from and written to a disk by a disk driver. The earliest disk drives had fixed block sizes (e.g. the IBM 350 disk storage unit (of the late 1950s) block size was 100 6 bit characters) but starting with the 1301 IBM marketed subsystems that featured variable block sizes: a particular track could have blocks of different sizes. The disk subsystems on the IBM System/360 expanded this concept in the form of Count Key Data (CKD) and later Extended Count Key Data (ECKD); however the use of variable block size in HDDs fell out of use in the 1990s; one of the last HDDs to support variable block size was the IBM 3390 Model 9, announced May 1993. Modern hard disk drives, such as Serial attached SCSI (SAS) and Serial ATA (SATA) drives, appear at their interfaces as a contiguous set of fixed-size blocks; for many years 512 bytes long but beginning in 2009 and accelerating through 2011, all major hard disk drive manufacturers began releasing hard disk drive platforms using the Advanced Format of 4096 byte logical blocks. Floppy disks generally only used fixed block sizes but these sizes were a function of the host's OS and its interaction with its controller so that a particular type of media (e.g., 5¼-inch DSDD) would have different block sizes depending upon the host OS and controller. Optical discs generally only use fixed block sizes. Disk formatting process Formatting a disk for use by an operating system and its applications typically involves three different processes. Low-level formatting (i.e., closest to the hardware) marks the surfaces of the disks with markers indicating the start of a recording block (typically today called sector markers) and other information like block CRC to be used later, in normal operations, by the disk controller to read or write data. This is intended to be the permanent foundation of the disk, and is often completed at the factory. Partitioning divides a disk into one or more regions, writing data structures to the disk to indicate the beginning and end of the regions. This level of formatting often includes checking for defective tracks or defective sectors. High-level formatting creates the file system format within a disk partition or a logical volume. This formatting includes the data structures used by the OS to identify the logical drive or partition's contents. This may occur during operating system installation, or when adding a new disk. Disk and distributed file system may specify an optional boot block, and/or various volume and directory information for the operating system. Low-level formatting of floppy disks The low-level format of floppy disks (and early hard disks) is performed by the disk drive's controller. For a standard 1.44 MB floppy disk, low-level formatting normally writes 18 sectors of 512 bytes to each of 160 tracks (80 on each side) of the floppy disk, providing 1,474,560 bytes of storage on the disk. Physical sectors are actually larger than 512 bytes, as in addition to the 512 byte data field they include a sector identifier field, CRC bytes (in some cases error correction bytes) and gaps between the fields. These additional bytes are not normally included in the quoted figure for overall storage capacity of the disk. Different low-level formats can be used on the same media; for example, large records can be used to cut down on inter-record gap size. Several freeware, shareware and free software programs (e.g. GParted, FDFORMAT, NFORMAT and 2M) allowed considerably more control over formatting, allowing the formatting of high-density 3.5" disks with a capacity up to 2 MB. Techniques used include: head/track sector skew (moving the sector numbering forward at side change and track stepping to reduce mechanical delay), interleaving sectors (to boost throughput by organizing the sectors on the track), increasing the number of sectors per track (while a normal 1.44 MB format uses 18 sectors per track, it is possible to increase this to a maximum of 21), and increasing the number of tracks (most drives could tolerate extension to 82 tracks: though some could handle more, others could jam). Linux supports a variety of sector sizes, and DOS and Windows support a large-record-size DMF-formatted floppy format. Low-level formatting (LLF) of hard disks Hard disk drives prior to the 1990s typically had a separate disk controller that defined how data was encoded on the media. With the media, the drive and/or the controller possibly procured from separate vendors, users were often able to perform low-level formatting. Separate procurement also had the potential of incompatibility between the separate components such that the subsystem would not reliably store data. User instigated low-level formatting (LLF) of hard disk drives was common for minicomputer and personal computer systems until the 1990s. IBM and other mainframe system vendors typically supplied their hard disk drives (or media in the case of removable media HDDs) with a low-level format. Typically this involved subdividing each track on the disk into one or more blocks which would contain the user data and associated control information. Different computers used different block sizes and IBM notably used variable block sizes but the popularity of the IBM PC caused the industry to adopt a standard of 512 user data bytes per block by the middle 1980s. Depending upon the system, low-level formatting was generally done by an operating system utility. IBM compatible PCs used the BIOS, which is invoked using the MS-DOS debug program, to transfer control to a routine hidden at different addresses in different BIOSes. Transition away from LLF Starting in the late 1980s, driven by the volume of IBM compatible PCs, HDDs became routinely available pre-formatted with a compatible low-level format. At the same time, the industry moved from historical (dumb) bit serial interfaces to modern (intelligent) bit serial interfaces and word serial interfaces wherein the low level format was performed at the factory. Today, an end-user, in most cases, should never perform a low-level formatting of an IDE or ATA hard drive, and in fact it is often not possible to do so on modern hard drives because the formatting is done on a servowriter before the disk is assembled into a drive in the factory. Disk reinitialization While it is generally impossible to perform a complete LLF on most modern hard drives (since the mid-1990s) outside the factory, the term "low-level format" is still used for what could be called the reinitialization of a hard drive to its factory configuration (and even these terms may be misunderstood). The present ambiguity in the term low-level format seems to be due to both inconsistent documentation on web sites and the belief by many users that any process below a high-level (file system) format must be called a low-level format. Since much of the low level formatting process can today only be performed at the factory, various drive manufacturers describe reinitialization software as LLF utilities on their web sites. Since users generally have no way to determine the difference between a complete LLF and reinitialization (they simply observe running the software results in a hard disk that must be high-level formatted), both the misinformed user and mixed signals from various drive manufacturers have perpetuated this error. Note: whatever possible misuse of such terms may exist (search hard drive manufacturers' web sites for all these terms), many sites do make such reinitialization utilities available (possibly as bootable floppy diskette or CD image files), to both overwrite every byte and check for damaged sectors on the hard disk. Reinitialization should include identifying (and sparing out if possible) any sectors which cannot be written to and read back from the drive, correctly. The term has, however, been used by some to refer to only a portion of that process, in which every sector of the drive is written to; usually by writing a specific value to every addressable location on the disk. Traditionally, the physical sectors were initialized with a fill value of 0xF6 as per the INT 1Eh's Disk Parameter Table (DPT) during format on IBM compatible machines. This value is also used on the Atari Portfolio. 8-inch CP/M floppies typically came pre-formatted with a value of 0xE5, and by way of Digital Research this value was also used on Atari ST and some Amstrad formatted floppies. Amstrad otherwise used 0xF4 as a fill value. Some modern formatters wipe hard disks with a value of 0x00 instead, sometimes also called zero-filling, whereas a value of 0xFF is used on flash disks to reduce wear. The latter value is typically also the default value used on ROM disks (which cannot be reformatted). Some advanced formatting tools allow configuring the fill value. One popular method for performing only the zero-fill operation on a hard disk is by writing zero-value bytes to the drive using the Unix dd utility with the /dev/zero stream as the input file and the drive itself (or a specific partition) as the output file. This command may take many hours to complete, and can erase all files and file systems. Another method for SCSI disks may be to use the sg_format command to issue a low-level SCSI Format Unit Command. Zero-filling a drive is not necessarily a secure method of erasing sensitive data, or of preparing a drive for use with an encrypted filesystem. Zero-filling voids the plausible deniability of the process. Partitioning Partitioning is the process of writing information into blocks of a storage device or medium that allows access by an operating system. Some operating systems allow the device (or its medium) to appear as multiple devices; i.e. partitioned into multiple devices. On MS-DOS, Microsoft Windows, and UNIX-based operating systems (such as BSD, Linux and Mac OS X) this is normally done with a partition editor, such as fdisk, GNU Parted, or Disk Utility. These operating systems support multiple partitions. In current IBM mainframe OSs derived from OS/360 and DOS/360, such as z/OS and z/VSE, this is done by the INIT command of the ICKDSF utility. These OSs support only a single partition per device, called a volume. The ICKDSF functions include creating a volume label and writing a Record 0 on every track. Floppy disks are not partitioned; however depending upon the OS they may require volume information in order to be accessed by the OS. Partition editors and ICKDSF today do not handle low level functions for HDDs and optical disc drives such as writing timing marks, and they cannot reinitialize a modern disk that has been degaussed or otherwise lost the factory formatting. High-level formatting High-level formatting is the process of setting up an empty file system on a disk partition or logical volume and, for PCs, installing a boot sector. This is a fast operation, and is sometimes referred to as quick formatting. The entire logical drive or partition may optionally be scanned for defects, which may take considerable time. In the case of floppy disks, both high- and low-level formatting are customarily performed in one pass by the disk formatting software. 8-inch floppies typically came low-level formatted and were filled with a format filler value of 0xE5. Since the 1990s, most 5.25-inch and 3.5-inch floppies have been shipped pre-formatted from the factory as DOS FAT12 floppies. In current IBM mainframe operating systems derived from OS/360 or DOS/360, this may be done as part of allocating a file, by a utility specific to the file system or, in some older access methods, on the fly as new data are written. Host protected area The host protected area, sometimes referred to as hidden protected area, is an area of a hard drive that is high level formatted such that the area is not normally visible to its operating system (OS). Reformatting Reformatting is a high-level formatting performed on a functioning disk drive to free the medium of its contents. Reformatting is unique to each operating system because what actually is done to existing data varies by OS. The most important aspect of the process is that it frees disk space for use by other data. To actually "erase" everything requires overwriting each block of data on the medium; something that is not done by many high-level formatting utilities. Reformatting often carries the implication that the operating system and all other software will be reinstalled after the format is complete. Rather than fixing an installation suffering from malfunction or security compromise, it may be necessary to simply reformat everything and start from scratch. Various colloquialisms exist for this process, such as "wipe and reload", "nuke and pave", "reimage", etc. Formatting DOS, OS/2 and Windows format command: Under MS-DOS, PC DOS, OS/2 and Microsoft Windows, disk formatting can be performed by the format command. The format program usually asks for confirmation beforehand to prevent accidental removal of data, but some versions of DOS have an undocumented /AUTOTEST option; if used, the usual confirmation is skipped and the format begins right away. The WM/FormatC macro virus uses this command to format drive C: as soon as a document is opened. Unconditional format: There is also the /U parameter that performs an unconditional format which under most circumstances overwrites the entire partition, preventing the recovery of data through software. Note however that the /U switch only works reliably with floppy diskettes (see image to the right). Technically because unless /Q is used, floppies are always low level formatted in addition to high-level formatted. Under certain circumstances with hard drive partitions, however, the /U switch merely prevents the creation of unformat information in the partition to be formatted while otherwise leaving the partition's contents entirely intact (still on disk but marked deleted). In such cases, the user's data remain ripe for recovery with specialist tools such as EnCase or disk editors. Reliance upon /U for secure overwriting of hard drive partitions is therefore inadvisable, and purpose-built tools such as DBAN should be considered instead. Overwriting: In Windows Vista and upwards the non-quick format will overwrite as it goes. Not the case in Windows XP and below. OS/2: Under OS/2, if you use the /L parameter, which specifies a long format, then format will overwrite the entire partition or logical drive. Doing so enhances the ability of CHKDSK to recover files. Unix-like operating systems High-level formatting of disks on these systems is traditionally done using the mkfs command. On Linux (and potentially other systems as well) mkfs is typically a wrapper around filesystem-specific commands which have the name mkfs.fsname, where fsname is the name of the filesystem with which to format the disk. Some filesystems which are not supported by certain implementations of mkfs have their own manipulation tools; for example Ntfsprogs provides a format utility for the NTFS filesystem. Some Unix and Unix-like operating systems have higher-level formatting tools, usually for the purpose of making disk formatting easier and/or allowing the user to partition the disk with the same tool. Examples include GNU Parted (and its various GUI frontends such as GParted and the KDE Partition Manager) and the Disk Utility application on Mac OS X. Recovery of data from a formatted disk As in file deletion by the operating system, data on a disk are not fully erased during every high-level format. Instead, the area on the disk containing the data is merely marked as available, and retains the old data until it is overwritten. If the disk is formatted with a different file system than the one which previously existed on the partition, some data may be overwritten that wouldn't be if the same file system had been used. However, under some file systems (e.g., NTFS, but not FAT), the file indexes (such as $MFTs under NTFS, inodes under ext2/3, etc.) may not be written to the same exact locations. And if the partition size is increased, even FAT file systems will overwrite more data at the beginning of that new partition. From the perspective of preventing the recovery of sensitive data through recovery tools, the data must either be completely overwritten (every sector) with random data before the format, or the format program itself must perform this overwriting, as the DOS FORMAT command did with floppy diskettes, filling every data sector with the format filler byte value (typically 0xF6). However, there are applications and tools, especially used in forensic information technology, that can recover data that has been conventionally erased. In order to avoid the recovery of sensitive data, governmental organization or big companies use information destruction methods like the Gutmann method. For average users there are also special applications that can perform complete data destruction by overwriting previous information. Although there are applications that perform multiple writes to assure data erasure, any single write over old data is generally all that is needed on modern hard disk drives. The ATA Secure Erase can be performed by disk utilities to quickly and thoroughly wipe drives. Degaussing is another option; however, this may render the drive unusable. See also Data erasure Data recovery Data remanence Drive mapping Comparison of file systems Notes References External links Windows NT Workstation Resource Kit, Chapter 17 - Disk and File System Basics, section "Formatting Hard Disks and Floppy Disks" Secure Deletion of Data from Magnetic and Solid-State Memory by Peter Gutmann Differences between a Quick format and a regular format during a "clean" installation of Windows XP from Microsoft Help and Support support.microsoft.com — How to Use the Fdisk Tool and the Format Tool to Partition or Repartition a Hard Disk Help: I Got Hacked. Now What Do I Do?—Microsoft Tech Net: Why you should wipe a compromised drive to the bare metal. Article by Jesper M. Johansson, Ph.D., CISSP, MCSE, MCP+I Formatting of disks Category:File system management

Vasas SC (men's water polo)

The Vasas SC water polo team is a department of the Budapest-based sports association Vasas SC. One of the most successful teams in the country, they have won the Hungarian Championship 17 times and the Hungarian Cup 15 times. The club also had major successes on continental level as they won the LEN Euroleague (formerly European Champions Cup), Europe's premier water polo competition two times and took the LEN Cup Winners' Cup title on three occasions as well. Starting from the 2010–11 season, the club is officially known as TEVA-Vasas-UNIQA due to sponsorship reasons. Naming history Vasas SC: (1945 – 1949) Budapesti Vasas (Bp. Vasas): (1950 – 1956) Vasas SC: (1957–1990/91) Vasas SC-Plaket: (1991/92 – 2001/02) - the first naming sponsor of Vasas Vasas-Plaket-Euroleasing: (2002/03 – 2003/04) TEVA-VasasPlaket: (2004/05 – 2009/10) TEVA-Vasas-UNIQA: (2010/11 – 2011/12) TEVA-Vasas: (2012/13) LACTIV-VasasPlaket: (2013/14) VasasPlaket: (2014/15 – ...) Honours Domestic competitions Országos Bajnokság I (National Championship of Hungary) Champions (18): 1947, 1949, 1953, 1975, 1976, 1977, 1979, 1980, 1981, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1988–89, 2006–07, 2007–08, 2008–09, 2009–10, 2011–12 Runners-up (18): 1945, 1950, 1951, 1952, 1984–85, 1989–90, 1991–92, 1993–94, 1994–95, 1995–96, 1996–97, 1997–98, 2001–02, 2002–03, 2003–04, 2004–05, 2005–06, 2010–11 Third place (6): 1946, 1956, 1974, 1985–86, 1992–93, 2000–01 Magyar Kupa (National Cup of Hungary) Winners (15): 1947, 1961, 1971, 1981, 1983, 1984, 1991–92, 1993–94, 1995–96, 1997, 2000–01, 2001–02, 2004, 2005, 2009 Finalist (9): 1975, 1985, 1992–93, 1994–95, 1996, 1999–00, 2002–03, 2006, 2008 Szuperkupa (Super Cup of Hungary); Winners (): 2001, 2006 European competitions LEN Champions League (Champions Cup) Winners (2): 1979–80, 1984–85 LEN Cup Winners' Cup Winners (3): 1985–86, 1994–95, 2001–02 LEN Super Cup Winners (1): 1985 Current squad Season 2016–2017 Staff Coach: György Kenéz Youth Coach: Lajos Pecz Youth Coach: Ákos Váradi Youth Coach: György Kenéz, Jr. Team Doctor: Attila Szűcs, MD Transfers (2016-17) Source: vizipolo.hu In: Árpád Babay (from Debrecen) Gergő Marnitz (from Ferencváros) Aleksandar Njegovan (from Miskolci VLC) Jesse Koopman (from Sabadell) Robin Lindhout (from Panathinaikos) Out: Kristóf Várnai (to BVSC) Tamás Gyárfás (to Bp. Honvéd) Jovan Sarić (to ) Adrià Delgado (to ) Recent seasons Rankings in OB I In European competition Participations in Champions League (Champions Cup, Euroleague): 19x Participations in Euro Cup (LEN Cup): 3x Participations in Cup Winners' Cup: 7x Notable former players Olympic champions Jenő Brandi - 4 year 1936 Berlin István Molnár - 2 year 1936 Berlin István Szívós - 8 year 1952 Helsinki, 1956 Melbourne László Jeney - 10 year 1952 Helsinki, 1956 Melbourne Mihály Bozsi - 1 year 1936 Berlin Kálmán Markovits - 12 year 1952 Helsinki, 1956 Melbourne Antal Bolvári - 1 year 1952 Helsinki, 1956 Melbourne Péter Rusorán - 3 year 1964 Tokyo Tamás Faragó - 15 year 1976 Montreal Gábor Csapó - 11 year 1976 Montreal György Kenéz - 11 year 1976 Montreal Zoltán Kósz - 24 year 2000 Sydney Attila Vári - 8 year 2000 Sydney, 2004 Athens Tamás Varga - 6 year 2004 Athens, 2008 Beijing Ádám Steinmetz - 2004 Athens Bulcsú Székely - 1 year 2000 Sydney Norbert Madaras - 3 year 2004 Athens, 2008 Beijing Dániel Varga - 9 year 2008 Beijing Barnabás Steinmetz - 8 year 2000 Sydney, 2004 Athens Tamás Kásás - 1 year 2000 Sydney, 2004 Athens, 2008 Beijing Dénes Varga - 5 year 2008 Beijing Norbert Hosnyánszky - 3 year 2008 Beijing Gábor Kis - 2 year 2008 Beijing Gergely Kiss - 2 year 2000 Sydney, 2004 Athens, 2008 Beijing Miho Bošković - 2 year 2012 London Former coaches Mihály Bozsi (1947–1956) István Szívós (1957–1959) Mihály Bozsi (1962–1965) Dezső Gyarmati (1971–1972) Péter Rusorán (1973–1976) Péter Rusorán (1979–1981) Péter Rusorán (1983–1986) Dezső Gyarmati (1988) György Kenéz (1988–1990) Gábor Csapó (1992–1993) Tamás Faragó (1995–2000) József Somossy (2000–2003) Zoltán Kásás (2003–2004) László Földi (2004– present'') References External links Category:Sport in Budapest Category:Sports clubs established in 1945 Category:Water polo clubs in Hungary Category:Vasas SC Category:1945 establishments in Hungary de:Vasas Budapest#Wasserball es:Budapesti Vasas Sport Club#Waterpolo it:Vasas Sport Club#Pallanuoto maschile

Newark Bears (disambiguation)

The Newark Bears is the name of four different sports teams: Newark Bears, a team that played from 1998 to 2013 in the Atlantic League of Professional Baseball and Canadian American Association of Professional Baseball. Newark Bears (International League), the original baseball team beginning in 1917 that last played in 1949. Newark Bears (AFL), a 1926 team of the first American Football League. Newark Bears, a name used by a descendant of the Orange/Newark Tornadoes after it was bought by the Chicago Bears

Tyrrell Sea

The Tyrrell Sea, named after Canadian geologist Joseph Tyrrell, is another name for prehistoric Hudson Bay, namely as it existed during the retreat of the Laurentide Ice Sheet. Roughly 8,000 years BP, the Laurentide Ice Sheet thinned and split into two lobes, one centred over Quebec-Labrador, the other over Keewatin. This drained Glacial Lake Ojibway, a massive proglacial lake south of the ice sheet, leading to the formation of the early Tyrrell Sea. The weight of the ice had isostatically depressed the surface as much as 270-280 m below its current level, making the Tyrrell Sea much larger than modern Hudson Bay. Indeed, in some places the shoreline was 100 to 250 km farther inland than at present. It was at its largest at roughly 7,000 years BP. Isostatic uplift proceeded rapidly after the retreat of the ice, as much as .09 m per year, causing the margins of the sea to regress quickly towards its present margins. The rate of uplift decreased with time however, and in any event was nearly matched by sea-level rise from the melting ice sheets. When the Tyrrell Sea "became" Hudson Bay is difficult to define, as Hudson Bay is still shrinking from isostatic rebound. References Category:Historical geology Category:Geology of Ontario Category:Geology of Canada Category:Holocene Category:Hudson Bay

Mathew Mound

The Mathew Mound (designated 33-HA-122) is a Native American mound in the southwestern part of the U.S. state of Ohio. Located off Oak Road near the village of Evendale, the mound is believed to have been built by members of the Adena or Hopewell peoples during the Woodland period. For many years, local legend held that the mound was the burial site of a historic Native American known as "Opekasit"; the legend lent itself to the milk-processing operation run by the mound's owners, which was known for many years as the Opekasit Dairy. The mound is high with a diameter of slightly more than . Having never been excavated, it is a prime example of a burial mound from the Woodland period. Based on the excavation of similar mounds, it is expected that the Mathew Mound contains evidence of funerary practices such as grave goods and the remains of buried bodies. It is one of two archaeological sites in the vicinity: the other, a small campsite designated 33-HA-125, is a small fraction of a mile west of the mound, but excavation yielded nothing significant. Because the mound is a potentially valuable archaeological site, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975. References Category:Archaeological sites in Hamilton County, Ohio Category:National Register of Historic Places in Hamilton County, Ohio Category:Archaeological sites on the National Register of Historic Places in Ohio Category:Woodland period Category:Mounds in Ohio

Fred Barney Taylor

Fred Barney Taylor (born August 25, 1948) is an American independent filmmaker. He is best known for directing The Polymath or, The Life and Opinions of Samuel R. Delany, Gentleman in 2007 which premiered at the Tribeca Film Festival. It was an official selection of the 2008 International Festival of Films on Art, London International LGFF, FRAMELINE, OUTFEST, REELING, and Seattle GLFF. Career Taylor shot The Architecture of Rhythm (1989) on location in West Africa, the Caribbean, and Brazil. It was selected for the Distant Lives series co-produced by PBS and the Learning Channel, and broadcast nationally. Taylor's 1982 film, Los Hijos de Sandino (The Children of Sandino) was shot in 16mm. In Show Us Life Chuck Kleinhans said: “The film presents the poetry of the revolution; that is the part of the total picture never captured in maps, charts and the official talking-head interviews with officials.” It was an award winner at the Global Village Documentary Festival, New York City, 1983 and was an invited participant at festivals in Havana, Edinburgh, Milan, and Mexico City. Taylor was an annual Visiting Professor, Michigan State University from 1993-1999 where he created, designed and taught production courses in Great Britain and Mexico for the MSU Study Abroad program.{citation needed} He was a Senior Faculty Member at the School of Visual Arts in New York City from 1988-1999 where he was a senior production instructor and thesis advisor. He founded and taught at the New York International Media Group, an instructional workshop devoted to small format videography and filmmaking, 1982-1986. Currently, he is the Director of Maestro Media Productions in New York City. Between 1999 and 2001, Taylor directed Great Writers/Great Cities for the Travel Channel. In four 60-minute films, the series showcased cities seen through the eyes of contemporary writers. Episodes included: Paco Taibo’s Mexico City, narrated by Edward James Olmos; Iain Sinclair’s London; Carl Hiaasen: From Miami to Key West with music and narration by Warren Zevon and New York Underground, with Luc Sante, Samuel R. Delany, David Rieff, and Fran Lebowitz. Taylor's film, Atlantis (2006), “a tantalizing treatment of the Brooklyn Bridge”[9] was shot in High-Definition for the HD Lab of Rainbow Media’s VOOM Channel VOOM Channel broadcast in December, 2006 and was the Official Selection of the New York Video Festival, 2007 and screened at Pacific Film Archives, 2008. In 2007 he directed The Polymath or, The Life and Opinions of Samuel R. Delany, Gentleman. The film was received positive critical reception. The New Yorker said: "Taylor’s understated direction, featuring simple images that prod Delany’s recollections gently along, makes the film a lively and thoughtful look at a deeply lived-in life." Jump Cut said that “Taylor’s film illustrates Delany’s life through a series of what Roland Barthes called biographemes (preferences, inflections, details to which the author might be distilled).” It was voted Best Documentary Feature, 2008 at the Philadelphia International Gay and Lesbian Film Festival and was an official selection of the 2008 International Festival of Films on Art, Montreal, London International LGFF, FRAMELINE (San Francisco GLFF), OUTFEST (Los Angeles GLFF), REELING (Chicago International GLFF), Seattle GLFF. Filmography The Lethem Project, currently in post-production The Polymath or, The Life and Opinions of Samuel R. Delany, Gentleman (2007) Atlantis (2006) The Gates (2005) Vegas Around the World (2002-2003) Las Vegas Exposed (2002-2003) Great Writers/Great Cities (1999-2000): Paco Taibo’s Mexico City"; Iain Sinclair’s London"; Carl Hiaasen: From Miami to Key West"; New York Underground, with Luc Sante, Samuel R. Delany, David Rieff, and Fran Lebowitz" Conversations with Myself (1998) The NMAI Today (1997), Commissioned by the National Museum of the American Indian, for the Smithsonian Institution Four Acts in Glass, Produced by the American Craft Museum, New York (1997) Mondo Miami (1995) The Way of the People (1992), Commissioned by the National Museum of the American Indian, for the Smithsonian Institution The Architecture of Rhythm (1989) Los Hijos de Sandino (The Children of Sandino) (1982) Lives of the Artists (1982) The Structuralist Films of David Rimmer (1973) References External links Fred Barney Taylor’s website Category:American documentary filmmakers Category:American experimental filmmakers Category:Film directors from New York City Category:Northwestern University alumni Category:University of Wisconsin–Madison alumni Category:Living people Category:1948 births

Gatineau Satellite Station

The Gatineau Satellite Station is a Canadian satellite station located in Cantley near Gatineau , in the province of Québec. Like the Prince Albert Radar Laboratory, it was originally a military Radar station, operated by the Canadian Defence Research Telecommunications Establishment (DRTE), a division of the Canadian Defense Research Board. With the two satellites / radar stations, it is possible to monitor the whole airspace over Canada, as well as parts from the USA and Alaska. Tasks and equipment The plant, which is still operated today, is primarily used as an earth station. It has a large factory building and a 13-meter-diameter satellite antenna, replacing two old 10-meter-diameter antennas in June 2014. Used as earth station for the following satellites: Formerly: ERS-2 Envisat RADARSAT-1 Current: Landsat 7 RADARSAT-2 Future: RADARSAT Constellation External links Gatineau Satellite Station (English) External links Category:Space program of Canada Category:Outaouais

Radar warning receiver

Radar warning receiver (RWR) systems detect the radio emissions of radar systems. Their primary purpose is to issue a warning when a radar signal that might be a threat (such as a police speed detection radar or a fighter jet's fire control radar) is detected. The warning can then be used, manually or automatically, to evade the detected threat. RWR systems can be installed in all kind of airborne, sea-based, and ground-based assets (such as aircraft, ships, automobiles, military bases). This article is focused mainly on airborne military RWR systems; for commercial police RWR systems, see radar detector. Depending on the market the RWR system is designed for, it can be as simple as detecting the presence of energy in a specific radar band (such as police radar detectors). For more critical situations, such as military combat, RWR systems are often capable of classifying the source of the radar by the signal's strength, phase and waveform type, such as pulsed power wave or continuous wave with amplitude modulation or frequency modulation (chirped). The information about the signal's strength and waveform can then be used to estimate the most probable type of threat the detected radar poses. Simpler systems are typically installed in less expensive assets like automobiles, while more sophisticated systems are installed in mission critical assets such as military aircraft. Description The RWR usually has a visual display somewhere prominent in the cockpit (in some modern aircraft, in multiple locations in the cockpit) and also generates audible tones which feed into the pilot's (and perhaps RIO/co-pilot/GIB's in a multi-seat aircraft) headset. The visual display often takes the form of a circle, with symbols displaying the detected radars according to their direction relative to the current aircraft heading (i.e. a radar straight ahead displayed at the top of the circle, directly behind at the bottom, etc.). The distance from the center of the circle, depending on the type of unit, can represent the estimated distance from the generating radar, or to categorize the severity of threats to the aircraft, with tracking radars placed closer to the center than search radars. The symbol itself is related to the type of radar or the type of vehicle that carries it, often with a distinction made between ground-based radars and airborne radars. The typical airborne RWR system consists of multiple wideband antennas placed around the aircraft which receive the radar signals. The receiver periodically scans across the frequency band and determines various parameters of the received signals, like frequency, signal shape, direction of arrival, pulse repetition frequency, etc. By using these measurements, the signals are first deinterleaved to sort the mixture of incoming signals by emitter type. These data are then further sorted by threat priority and displayed. The RWR is used for identifying, avoiding, evading or engaging threats. For example, a fighter aircraft on a combat air patrol (CAP) might notice enemy fighters on the RWR and subsequently use its own radar set to find and eventually engage the threat. In addition, the RWR helps identify and classify threats—it's hard to tell which blips on a radar console-screen are dangerous, but since different fighter aircraft typically have different types of radar sets, once they turn them on and point them near the aircraft in question it may be able to tell, by the direction and strength of the signal, which of the blips is which type of fighter. A non-combat aircraft, or one attempting to avoid engagements, might turn its own radar off and attempt to steer around threats detected on the RWR. Especially at high altitude (more than 30,000 feet AGL), very few threats exist that don't emit radiation. As long as the pilot is careful to check for aircraft that might try to sneak up without radar, say with the assistance of AWACS or GCI, it should be able to steer clear of SAMs, fighter aircraft and high altitude, radar-directed AAA. SEAD and ELINT aircraft often have sensitive and sophisticated RWR equipment like the U.S. HTS (HARM targeting system) pod which is able to find and classify threats which are much further away than those detected by a typical RWR, and may be able to overlay threat circles on a map in the aircraft's multi-function display (MFD), providing much better information for avoiding or engaging threats, and may even store information to be analyzed later or transmitted to the ground to help the commanders plan future missions. The RWR can be an important tool for evading threats if avoidance has failed. For example, if a SAM system or enemy fighter aircraft has fired a missile (for example, a SARH-guided missile) at the aircraft, the RWR may be able to detect the change in mode that the radar must use to guide the missile and notify the pilot with much more insistent warning tones and flashing, bracketed symbols on the RWR display. The pilot then can take evasive action to break the missile lock-on or dodge the missile. The pilot may even be able to visually acquire the missile after being alerted to the possible launch. What's more, if an actively guided missile is tracking the aircraft, the pilot can use the direction and distance display of the RWR to work out which evasive maneuvers to perform to outrun or dodge the missile. For example, the rate of closure and aspect of the incoming missile may allow the pilot to determine that if they dive away from the missile, it is unlikely to catch up, or if it is closing fast, that it is time to jettison external supplies and turn toward the missile in an attempt to out-turn it. The RWR may be able to send a signal to another defensive system on board the aircraft, such as a Countermeasure Dispensing System (CMDS), which can eject countermeasures such as chaff, to aid in avoidance. RWR types in service ALR-2002 (Australia; developmental, project being cancelled) ALR-400 (Spain; EF-18A/B Hornet, Airbus A400M, C-295, CH-47 Chinook, Cougar, TIGER, NH90, CH-53) AN/APR-39 (USA; AH-1, AH-64 Apache, CH-46 Sea Knight, CH-47 Chinook, CH-53, EH-60 Black Hawk, KC-130 Hercules, MH-47 Chinook, MH-60 Black Hawk, OH-58, OV-1 Mohawk, RC-12, RV-1, UH-1 Iroquois, UH-60 Black Hawk, V-22 Osprey) AN/ALR-46 (USA; F-4 Phantom II, RF-4 Phantom II, F-5, B-52G) AN/ALR-56 (USA; F-15 Eagle, F-16 block 50 and 52, Canada; CC-130 Hercules) AN/ALR-66 (USA; P-3C Orion) AN/ALR-67 (USA; AV-8B Harrier II, F-14 Tomcat, F/A-18 Hornet, F/A-18E/F Super Hornet, EA-6B Prowler, Canada; CF-18 Hornet) AN/ALR-69 (USA; B-52H Stratofortress, lacks Frequency Selective Receiver (FSRS) capabilities however, A-10 Thunderbolt II, AC-130 Spectre, F-16 Fighting Falcon, HH-53, MC-130, F-4E Phantom II). AN/ALR-76 (USA; S-3, EP-3) AN/ALR-94 (USA; F-22) ARI 18223 (British aircraft such the Jaguar Mk.1) BOW-21 (Sweden; JAS 39 Gripen Germany; Panavia Tornado) L-150 Pastel (Soviet-Russian aircraft) Sirena series (Soviet aircraft) SkyGuardian 2000 (British EH-101 and WAH-64 Apache; Portuguese EH-101) SPO-15 Beryoza (India; MiG-29 Fulcrum, Russia; Su-27SK Flanker-B, China; J-11) SPS-1000V5 (Portugal; F-16 Fighting Falcon, C-295M) Tarang (India; MiG-27 Flogger, LCA Tejas, Jaguar, Su-30MKI Flanker) See also Laser warning receiver List of Rainbow Codes List of World War II electronic warfare equipment Monica tail warning radar Semi-active radar homing Serrate radar detector Missile approach warning References AN/ALR-46 at FAS AN/ALR-56 at FAS AN/ALR-67 at FAS AN/ALR-69 at FAS AN/APR-39 at FAS Electronic Warfare Programs by AN Nomenclature Category:Radar Category:Warning systems Category:Receiver (radio)

Kurt von Priesdorff

Wilhelm Werner Kurt von Priesdorff (19 October 1881 in Berlin – 5 September 1967 in Naumburg) was a Prussian officer, last rank was Major, as well as a Geheimer Regierungsrat (executive council), military historian and author. Awards Prussian Order of the Crown 4th Class Order of Saint John (Bailiwick of Brandenburg) Knight 2nd Class of the Order of Albert the Bear Order of Henry the Lion 4th Class External links Category:1881 births Category:1967 deaths Category:Military personnel from Berlin Category:German military historians

Chorley Borough

Chorley Borough may refer to: Two different rugby league teams which played at Chorley, Lancashire: Blackpool Borough played as Chorley Borough in the 1988–89 season. The side which became Chorley Lynx played as Chorley Borough from 1989–95. The medieval borough of Chorley (13th century) The Municipal Borough of Chorley (1881–1974) The non-metropolitan Borough of Chorley, created in 1974

Catfish Haven

Catfish Haven is an indie soul rock band from Chicago. Their music was described by Onion AV writer Kyle Ryan in 2006 as "Creedence Clearwater Revival meets Nirvana". Ryan goes on in the same article to explain that "Because [Catfish Haven] grew up playing punk, they mostly avoid acoustic-rock conventions by channeling punk’s aggression and intensity. Few similar bands match the racket Catfish Haven makes, but few bands mix elements of folk, country, rock, and punk so well." Catfish Haven is signed to Secretly Canadian Records. They performed at Lollapalooza 2006. Discography Please Come Back LP (Secretly Canadian, 2006) Tell Me LP (Secretly Canadian, 2006) Devastator (Secretly Canadian, 2008) External links Interview with The Onion A.V. Club Catfish Haven live on WOXY.com, December 14, 2006 Daytrotter Session (Free Songs) Daytrotter Encore Session (Free Songs) References Category:Musical groups from Chicago

Delgamuwa Raja Maha Vihara

Delgamuwa Raja Maha Vihara () is an ancient Buddhist temple situated in Kuruvita of Ratnapura District, Sri Lanka. This temple is reputed as the hiding place of the tooth relic of Buddha during the ruling period of Portuguese in the country. Currently this temple has been declared as one of the archaeological sites in Sri Lanka. History The written history of Delgamuwa Vihara goes back to the time period of Sitawaka kingdom. During the past this temple was known as Saparagamu Vihara and Labujagama Viharaya as well. With the arrival of the Portuguese in 1505 and the death of the King Bhuwanakabahu VII of Kotte Kingdom, a political turmoil was caused in the country. This was intensified with the embracement of Catholicism by succeeded King Don Juan Dharmapala. This incidence led the then Diyawadana Nilame Hiripitiye Divana Rala, who was the custodian of the tooth relic, to move the relic from Kotte Kingdom to King Mayadunne of Sitawaka (now Avissawella) for safe keeping in 1549. With the guidance of king Mayadunne the tooth relic was brought to Delgamuwa Vihara for further safekeeping, and kept it in a Kurahan (Eleusine coracana) grinding stone at the Vihara premises. In 1592 Konappu Bandara, who conquered the throne of Kandy again, changed his name as Wimaladharmasuriya I and reclaimed the tooth relic from Delgamuwa vihara in Ratnapura to Kandy. He managed to build a separate two-storied palace to enshrine the tooth relic within the palace complex. A few years after the removal of tooth relic, the temple was robbed and demolished by the Portuguese who constructed a fort there later. See also List of Archaeological Protected Monuments in Ratnapura District References Category:Buddhist temples in Ratnapura District Category:Archaeological protected monuments in Ratnapura District

Williamson River

Williamson River may refer to: Williamson River (Oregon) Williamson River (New Zealand)

Luke Pople

Luke Pople (born 6 June 1991) is a wheelchair basketball player from Australia. Biography Pople was born on 6 June 1991 with spina bifida. He began using a wheelchair at eight. In 2018, he lives in Dapto, New South Wales. He started playing wheelchair basketball at thirteen. He plays for the Wollongong Roller Hawks in the National Wheelchair Basketball League. In 2013, we was a member of the Australian Spinners that won to bronze at the International Wheelchair Basketball Federation Under 23 World Championships. He was a member of the Rollers that won the gold medal at the 2014 Men's World Wheelchair Basketball Championship, Incheon, Japan. In 2018, he was a member of the Rollers that won the bronze medal at 2018 Wheelchair Basketball World Championship in Hamburg, Germany. References External links Basketball Australia Profile Category:1991 births Category:Living people Category:Paralympic wheelchair basketball players of Australia Category:People with spina bifida Category:Point guards

Oriomo River

The Oriomo River is located in southern Papua New Guinea. Originating on the Oriomo Plateau, it enters the sea near the town of Daru. See also Oriomo-Bituri Rural LLG Oriomo languages Oriomo Plateau References Category:Rivers of Papua New Guinea

Christopher Marshall (doctor)

Christopher John Marshall FRS FMedSci (19 January 1949 – 8 August 2015) was a British scientist who worked as director of the Division for Cancer Biology at the Institute of Cancer Research. Marshall was distinguished for research in the field of tumour cell signalling. His track record includes the discovery of the N-Ras oncogene , the identification of farnesylation of Ras proteins, and the discovery that Ras signals through the MAPK/ERK pathway. These findings have led to therapeutic development of inhibitors of Ras farnesylation, MEK and B-Raf. Early life Marshall was born in Birmingham, UK, and educated at the King Henry VIII School, Coventry. He then studied Natural Sciences at the University of Cambridge followed by a DPhil in cell biology at the University of Oxford. His graduate studies were followed by post-doctoral work at the Imperial Cancer Research Fund laboratories at Lincoln’s Inn Fields (now part of the Francis Crick Institute) in London and the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute in Boston. Oncogene research In 1980, Marshall moved to The Institute of Cancer Research in London, and began studies to identify human cancer genes. This work, in collaboration with his colleague Alan Hall, resulted in the identification of NRAS, a new human oncogene. Subsequent work from his laboratory showed that NRAS has important roles in leukaemia and others demonstrated the role of NRAS in melanoma. Following the identification of NRAS, Marshall concentrated on studying how NRAS and the two other RAS genes, HRAS and KRAS, act in cancer. His work in the field of cell signalling showed how RAS and other signalling proteins are involved in transmitting signals from outside of the cell all the way to the cell nucleus. His work laid the foundation for studies that showed the importance of the BRAF cancer gene in melanoma. At the time of his death, Marshall's laboratory studied the cell signalling mechanisms that allow cancer cells to disseminate through the body. In particular, these studies were focused on signal transduction pathways regulated by Ras and Rho family of small GTPases. Students and alumni Several post-doctoral fellows and graduate students who trained in Professor Marshall’s laboratory have gone on to prestigious positions: Professor Karen Vousden FRS, CRUK Chief Scientist and Group Leader at the Francis Crick Institute, London, UK. Professor John Hancock, IBP Chair and Professor, University of Texas Medical School, USA. Professor Alison Lloyd, Professor of Cell Biology, University College London, UK. Professor Richard Marais, Head of Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, UK. Professor Mike Olson, Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK. Professor Erik Sahai, Group Leader, Francis Crick Institute, London, UK. Professor Victoria Sanz-Moreno, Group Leader, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK. Dr Faraz Mardakheh, Group Leader, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK. Awards and honours EMBO Member Elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) Elected a Fellow of the Academy of Medical Sciences (FMedSci) Fellow of the European Academy of Cancer Sciences The Sterling Lecture (University of Pennsylvania) The Walter Huppert lecture (British Association for Cancer Research) The CH Li Memorial Lecture (University of California, Berkeley) 1999 Novartis Medal of the Biochemical Society 2008 Buchanan Medal of the Royal Society 2011 Cancer Research UK Lifetime Achievement in Cancer Research Award. References Category:Fellows of the Royal Society Category:1949 births Category:2015 deaths Category:Fellows of the Academy of Medical Sciences Category:People from Birmingham, West Midlands Category:People educated at King Henry VIII School, Coventry

2013 Blossom Cup – Doubles

Chan Hao-ching and Rika Fujiwara were the defending champions, but both players chose not to participate. Irina Buryachok and Nadiya Kichenok won the tournament, defeating Liang Chen and Sun Shengnan in the final, 3–6, 6–3, [12–10]. Seeds Draw References Draw Blossom Cup - Doubles

Nauru women's national basketball team

The Nauru women's national basketball team is the women's team that represents Nauru in international basketball and is a member of FIBA Oceania. The national team is currently inactive in international competitive basketball, last participating at the 2001 Oceania Basketball Tournament in Fiji. Nauru initially planned to send a squad for the 2005 South Pacific Mini Games but withdrew due to undisclosed reasons. References {{FIBA Oce ania women's teams}} Category:Women's national basketball teams Basketball Women

Maria Schutzmeier

Maria Schutzmeier (born 29 October 1999) is a Nicaraguan swimmer. She competed in the women's 100 metre freestyle at the 2019 World Aquatics Championships. References Category:1999 births Category:Living people Category:Nicaraguan female swimmers Category:Place of birth missing (living people)

New Zealand Motor Caravan Association

The New Zealand Motor Caravan Association Inc (NZMCA) is a membership based organisation representing the interests of private motorhome and caravan owners in New Zealand. Formed in 1956, member benefits include discounts on services and products, free and low cost overnight sites, a dedicated insurance scheme and a range of publications & digital resources. Membership is restricted to permanent New Zealand residents and only those overseas residents who are current financial members of a kindred club in their home country. All members' vehicles must be certified as self contained and prominently display the distinctive NZMCA winged logo. References Category:Recreational vehicles Category:Automobile associations Motor Caravan Association Motor Caravan Association

Kiririsha

Kiririsha, the 'Lady of Liyan,' was worshiped principally in the south of Elam. Along with Khumban and In-shushinak, she formed the supreme triad of the Elamite pantheon. Pinikir, another goddess, was held in the same regard in the north of Elam, but "as the centre of the kingdom gradually shifted southward, she became less important, and gave place to the 'lady of Liyan', Kiririsha." Kiririsha, strictly translated, means "the great goddess," in the Elamite language. This reflects a feature of the Elamite pantheon, and, likely, other ancient pagan religions of Western Asia—that of the "ill-defined character of the individual gods and goddesses. ...Most of them were not only ineffable beings whose real name was either not uttered or was unknown, but also sublime ideas, not to be exactly defined by the human race." The king, Khumban-Numena, had "a chapel built at Liyan (an Elamite port on the Persian Gulf)...dedicated exclusively to Kiririsha." Kiririsha was sometimes merely called "'the Great' or 'the divine mother'." References Category:Elamite goddesses

Shiroi Honō

is the second single from Japanese singer Yuki Saito. The single was released by Canyon Records on May 21, 1985, and was used as the theme song for the first Sukeban Deka television drama series on Fuji TV, in which Saito also played the main character, Saki Asamiya. History Shiroi Honō was released by Canyon Records on May 21, 1985. It was used as the theme song for the first Sukeban Deka television drama series on Fuji TV, and Saito was the first to play the main character in the series, Saki Asamiya (she was followed by Yoko Minamino in the second series and Yui Asaka in the third). While Saito's first release, Sotsugyō is a pop song, Shiroi Honō is a rock song. The title song was composed by Kōji Tamaki, and Shabon-iro no Natsu was composed by Toshio Kamei. Both songs had lyrics written by Yukinojō Mori, and both were arranged by Satoshi Takebe. Chart history Track listing Covers The title sing was covered by Chiwa Saitō on the Rosario + Vampire Capu2 Character Song 2 single on October 29, 2008 and the Rosario + Vampire Idol Cover Best Album released on February 18, 2009. Notes References Category:1985 singles Category:Japanese-language EPs Category:Japanese-language songs Category:Pony Canyon EPs Category:Yuki Saito (actress) songs Category:Japanese film songs Category:Songs written by Yukinojo Mori Category:1985 songs

Ichabod Alden

Ichabod Alden (August 11, 1739 – November 11, 1778) was an American Revolutionary War officer and commanding officer during the Cherry Valley Massacre. Early life and family The great-grandson of the Mayflower pilgrim John Alden, Ichabod Alden was born in Duxbury, Massachusetts. Career Appointed Lieutenant Colonel of the Plymouth militia regiment in 1775, Alden first saw action serving with the 25th Continental Regiment during the Siege of Boston. Following his promotion to Colonel in November 1776, Alden was assigned to the 7th Massachusetts Regiment stationed at the garrison of Cherry Valley, New York. Although commanding between 200 and 300 men, Alden's limited military experience and lack of knowledge regarding local Indian tactics or customs would prove to be a great disadvantage as in early November 1778, receiving a warning of an attack by local tribes, Alden made minimal preparations. On November 11, 1778, a combined force of 600 ns led by Joseph Brant and 200 Tories known as Butler's Rangers under Major Walter Butler launched a surprise attack after the capture of several of Alden's scouts provided intelligence of the situation in the valley. In the attack 32 civilians and 16 soldiers were killed, and 71 residents were captured. The officers of the regiment were quartered in private homes, and Alden was killed in an attempt to reach the fort from a house on the outskirts of the fort. His executive officer, Lt. Col. William Stacy, was taken prisoner. The attack, retaliation for the defeat at the Battle of Oriskany, would later provoke an expedition against the villages and agricultural crops of the Iroquois League led by Gen. John Sullivan in 1779. References McHenry, Robert. Webster's American Military Biographies, Springfield, Mass.: G & C. Merriam Co., 1978. Category:1739 births Category:1778 deaths Category:Military personnel killed in the American Revolutionary War Category:Continental Army officers from Massachusetts Category:People from Duxbury, Massachusetts

Sugoi Uriarte

Sugoi Uriarte Marcos (born 14 May 1984) is a Spanish judoka who won a silver medal at the 2009 World Championships. He competed at the 2012 and 2016 Olympics and reached semifinals in 2012. Uriarte took up judo aged five. He is married to the fellow Olympics judoka Laura Gómez and is trained by her father. Uriarte has master's degrees in engineering and sport administration. His mother died shortly before the 2012 Olympics. References Category:Spanish male judoka Category:Sportspeople from Vitoria-Gasteiz Category:1984 births Category:Living people Category:Olympic judoka of Spain Category:Judoka at the 2012 Summer Olympics Category:Judoka at the 2016 Summer Olympics Category:Universiade medalists in judo Category:Mediterranean Games gold medalists for Spain Category:Mediterranean Games medalists in judo Category:Competitors at the 2013 Mediterranean Games Category:Universiade silver medalists for Spain Category:European Games competitors for Spain Category:Judoka at the 2015 European Games

Ireland–Poland relations

Ireland–Poland relations refers to the diplomatic relations between Ireland and Poland. Ireland is home to a Polish community totaling approximately 150,000 people. The Polish language is the most spoken foreign language in Ireland. Both nations are members of the Council of Europe, European Union and the OECD. History One of the first known contacts between Ireland and Poland took place in the late 1600s when Irishman Bernard Connor was appointed physician at the court of Polish King John III Sobieski. In 1694, Connor wrote a book titled History of Poland in the English language. In 1922, Ireland obtained its independence from the United Kingdom. Poland was among the first group of states to establish diplomatic relations with the independent Irish State, sending a Consul-General in 1929. Official diplomatic relations between Ireland and Poland were established in 1976. During the Cold War, relations between both nations were limited. Ireland supported the Polish Solidarity movement. In 1981, the Irish Polish Society sent 20 containers of medicines, powdered milk, baby food and clothes to Poland, valued at more than £250,000. After the fall of communism in Poland, relations between both nations strengthened. In 1990, Ireland opened its embassy in Warsaw and in 1991, Poland opened its embassy in Dublin. In 1997, Polish President Aleksander Kwaśniewski paid an official visit to Ireland. In 2003 Irish President Mary McAleese paid a visit to Poland. In 2004, Poland joined the European Union and Ireland immediately opened its borders and labor market to Polish workers. Although Ireland is not a member of NATO, Irish forces have fought alongside Polish forces in the War in Afghanistan and in peacekeeping missions in Kosovo and with EUFOR (Chad). High-level visits Presidential and Prime Ministerial (Taoiseach) visits from Ireland to Poland President Mary McAleese (2003) Taoiseach Bertie Ahern (2005, 2008) President Michael D. Higgins (2012) Taoiseach Enda Kenny (2017) Prime Ministerial and Presidential visits from Poland to Ireland President Aleksander Kwaśniewski (1997) President Lech Kaczyński (2007) Bilateral relations Throughout the years, both nations have signed several bilateral agreements such as an Agreement on the development of economic, industrial, scientific and technological cooperation (1977); Agreement for the avoidance of double taxation and the prevention of fiscal evasion with respect to taxes on income (1995) and an Accession Treaty (2003). Transport There are direct flights between Ireland and Poland with Ryanair. There are over 60 flights per week between both nations. Trade In 2016, trade between Ireland and Poland totaled €3.4 billion Euros. Irish exports to Poland include: prepared food, dairy products, beef and drinks (mainly alcohol such as Irish whiskey). Polish exports to Ireland include: ale of grain, poultry meat and beef, cakes, meat products, furs, computers, furniture, vans, juices, dairy products, confectionery and glassware. More than fifty Irish companies have factories or development facilities in Poland in sectors such as ICT, print and packaging, construction and client services. Poland is Ireland’s 12th-largest exports market. Resident diplomatic missions Ireland has an embassy in Warsaw. Poland has an embassy in Dublin. See also Polish minority in the Republic of Ireland References Poland Category:Bilateral relations of Poland

Mein Teil

"Mein Teil" (German for "My part" or "My share", slang for "My penis") is a song by German Neue Deutsche Härte band Rammstein. It was released as the lead single from their fourth studio album, Reise, Reise (2004), on 26 July 2004. "Mein Teil" attracted controversy in Germany; the media dubbed it "Das Kannibalenlied" ("The Cannibal-Song") due to its lyrics referring to the Armin Meiwes cannibalism case, which helped to boost it to second place in the German music charts after its release in early August 2004. It was also a number-one hit in Spain. Remixes of the song were done by Arthur Baker and Pet Shop Boys. "Mein Teil" was nominated for Best Metal Performance at the 48th Grammy Awards but lost to Slipknot's "Before I Forget". Background and composition The song is inspired by the case of Armin Meiwes and Bernd Jürgen Armando Brandes. In March 2001, in Rotenburg an der Fulda, the two men aged in their 40s met each other, cut off and cooked Brandes' penis and consumed it together. Afterwards, Meiwes killed Brandes — with Brandes' permission — and ate his remains. As a result, Meiwes was sentenced to eight-and-a-half years in jail for manslaughter, but was later charged with murder and sentenced to life imprisonment. According to bassist Oliver "Ollie" Riedel, the song came about after "one of our members brought a newspaper to rehearsal and it had a story about the cannibal guy in it. We were fascinated, shocked and amused at the same time". Vocalist Till Lindemann stated, "It is so sick that it becomes fascinating and there just has to be a song about it". A prominent phrase in the song is "... denn du bist, was du isst, und ihr wisst, was es ist" ("Because you are what you eat, and you (pl.) know what it is"). Music video The video for "Mein Teil" was directed by Zoran Bihac. It shows a Christoph "Doom" Schneider being cross-dressed as Armin Meiwes's mother, Till receiving oral sex by an angel (played by Luciana Regina) before he eats her wings and kills her; "Flake" performing ballet in a hallucinatory state; Paul shaking, screaming violently and wandering around the set in a frantic and crazed state; Richard violently fighting with his doppelgänger; Ollie writhing on the floor in painful spasms with his skin covered in white powder; the band fighting in a mudpit; and five of the band members, while behaving like dogs, crawling out of the Deutsche Oper U-Bahn (subway) station while held on leashes carried by "Doom". At the beginning of the song in the video, the phrase "Suche gut gebauten Achtzehn- bis Dreißigjährigen zum Schlachten – Der Metzgermeister" ("Looking for a well built 18-year-old to 30-year-old to slaughter – The Master Butcher") is spoken, voiced by Ollie, although the album version of the song does not have this beginning. The quote is taken from an online post by Armin Meiwes. The controversy over "Mein Teil" prompted MTV Germany to restrict the airing of the music video to after 11 PM. Live performances It debuted in three consecutive concerts for members of the fan club, in October 2004. This song is one of the most notable live performances of the 2004–2005 Reise, Reise tour. From the central backstage access, Till Lindemann appears pulling a giant cooking pot. He is dressed as a blood-stained chef holding a microphone with a large, real cooking knife attached to the end. Keyboardist Christian "Flake" Lorenz appears in the pot, with metal cylinders attached to his arms and legs, and plays the keyboard during the song. After the second chorus, Till takes a flamethrower and roasts the bottom of the pot, "cooking" Flake. Flake escapes from the pot and starts running around the stage with flames erupting from his arms and legs, while chased by a knife-wielding Till. When Flake was asked about what it is like to perform this, he said: "It is fine. It is only pain. Although one can not breathe in, because then one would inhale the flames and die". Due to all of the theatrical performance, the song usually extended to 6 or 7 minutes when played live. It was played at every concert of the Ahoi Tour, but was dropped on the Liebe ist für alle da Tour, a move which irritated many fans. However, it returned to playlist for the Latin American leg of the tour in 2010, the Auckland and Perth legs of the Big Day Out festival and the South African leg of the tour in 2011, all replacing "Ich tu dir weh" except on the Brazllian leg of the South America tour, where both songs were played". The song has since returned to the playlist of the Made in Germany 1995–2011 concert tour. They dropped the live performance again in 2016, until 2019, when it was included in the setlist for their Europe Stadium Tour. Track listing 5" CD single "Mein Teil" – 4:23 "Mein Teil" (You Are What You Eat Edit) – 4:07 "Mein Teil" (Return to New York Buffet Mix) – 7:22 "Mein Teil" (There Are No Guitars on This Mix) – 7:20 The Australian edition also features the "Mein Teil" video. 3" CD single "Mein Teil" – 4:23 "Mein Teil" (You Are What You Eat Edit) – 4:07 Also released as a 2-track 5" CD single. 2 x 12" vinyl single (limited to 1000 copies) "Mein Teil" (You Are What You Eat Mix) – 6:45 "Mein Teil" (You Are What You Eat Instrumental Mix) – 7:00 "Mein Teil" (The Return to New York Buffet Mix) – 7:22 "Mein Teil" (The Return to New York Buffet Instrumental Mix) – 7:23 Charts Weekly charts Year-end charts References Citations "Strange tastes", Sunday Herald Sun (Melbourne, Australia), 24 October 2004 "German cannibal inspires hard rockers Rammstein to new hit", Agence France Presse, 27 August 2004 "Shock'n'roll Circus", The Times (London), 29 January 2005 External links Category:Songs about cannibalism Category:2004 singles Category:2004 songs Category:Rammstein songs Category:German-language songs Category:Number-one singles in Spain Category:Obscenity controversies in music Category:Songs based on actual events Category:Songs written by Christian Lorenz Category:Songs written by Christoph Schneider Category:Songs written by Oliver Riedel Category:Songs written by Paul Landers Category:Songs written by Richard Z. Kruspe Category:Songs written by Till Lindemann

Herophila fairmairei

Herophila fairmairei is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by James Thomson in 1857 and is found in Greece. Herophila faurmairei live 2-3 years and are 12-25 mm in length. References Category:Phrissomini Category:Beetles described in 1857

Mien Schopman-Klaver

Wilhelmina Hendrika "Mien" Schopman-Klaver (26 February 1911 – 10 July 2018) was a Dutch athlete who was a reserve for the 4 × 100 metres relay at the 1932 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles. She was born in Amsterdam. Personal best marks 100 m: 12.7 s (August 1931, Amsterdam) Long jump: High jump: Notes References 'Wat!? Ik naar de Olympische Spelen? Enig!' Category:1911 births Category:2018 deaths Category:Dutch centenarians Category:Dutch female athletes Category:Sportspeople from Amsterdam Category:Women centenarians

Philip Russell Diplock

Philip Russell Diplock (born November 1927) is a British architect. He is the founder of Russell Diplock & Associates Early life Philip Russell Diplock was born in November 1927. Career Diplock founded Russell Diplock & Associates, an architectural firm. It designed the 18-storey modernist Arlington House, Margate, which was built in 1964 by the contractors Bernard Sunley & Sons. They also designed numerous buildings in the Brighton area. References Category:1927 births Category:20th-century British architects Category:Living people Category:21st-century British architects

Łazy, Sierpc County

Łazy is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Szczutowo, within Sierpc County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. References Category:Villages in Sierpc County

Craig Wing

Craig Wing (born 26 December 1979), also known by the nickname of "Wingy", is an Australian former professional rugby league and rugby union footballer. He played in Japan and represented the Japanese international side. He is a former New South Wales State of Origin and Australian international utility player, Wing played for the South Sydney Rabbitohs and the Sydney Roosters. Background Wing was born in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. He is of Filipino descent through his mother. Early years He attended Sydney Boys High School where he played Rugby Union. In 1997 Wing was selected to play in the NSW Schoolboys 1st XV where the team remained undefeated until the final decider. Rugby league career South Sydney Wing made his first grade debut for South Sydney against the Auckland Warriors in round 1 1998 at Mt Smart Stadium. In round 10 of the 1999 NRL season, Wing announced himself as a talent of the future when he scored a solo try against Cronulla-Sutherland where he beat five Cronulla players to cross over the line. Wing scored two tries for South Sydney in what was to be their final ever game when they played against Parramatta in round 26 1999 at Parramatta Stadium. Following the conclusion of the 1999 NRL season, Souths were controversially excluded from the competition as part of the NRL's rationalisation policy. After Souths were excluded, he joined the club's arch rivals the Sydney Roosters. Sydney Roosters Wing played most of his professional rugby league at the Sydney Roosters. He moved to the club in 2000 and originally started as a halfback partnering Brad Fittler. Wing played from the interchange bench in the Sydney Roosters' 2000 NRL Grand Final loss to the Brisbane Broncos. He played at halfback in the Roosters team which won the 2002 NRL Grand Final against the New Zealand Warriors, scoring a try. Having won the 2002 NRL Premiership, the Roosters travelled to England to play the 2003 World Club Challenge against Super League champions, St Helens R.F.C.. Wing played at half back in the Roosters victory. Wing was later moved to in 2003 when halfback Brett Finch joined the club. After his side's loss in the 2003 NRL grand final, Wing was selected to go on the 2003 Kangaroo tour of Great Britain and France, helping Australia to victory over Great Britain in what would be the last time the two nations contested an Ashes series. Wing played for the Roosters at in their 2004 NRL grand final loss to cross-Sydney rivals, the Bulldogs. Wing was selected in the Australian team to go and compete in the end of season 2004 Rugby League Tri-Nations tournament. In the final against Great Britain he played from the interchange bench in the Kangaroos' 44–4 victory. Wing played in four NRL Grand Finals, a feat achieved by very few players in the NRL, and all with the Roosters: 2000, 2002, 2003 and 2004. Return to Souths Wing announced in June 2007 that he would be leaving the Roosters at the end of the 2007 NRL season to take up a four-year contract with the South Sydney Rabbitohs, the club where he started his career. While the Roosters' offer was higher, Wing said he felt more comfortable accepting the Souths offer as it was a guaranteed four-year deal compared to the Roosters' 2-year deal with an option for a further 2 years. Wing came under criticism for allowing himself to be paraded at a high-profile Souths press conference while still contracted at the Sydney Roosters. It could be argued that the Roosters started the whole problem in the first place however, as they broke the news of Craig Wing's signing on their website before Souths had officially signed him, in an apparent attempt to steal Souths thunder. In any case, Wing still apologised to the Roosters fans. He was jeered on 23 June 2007, by the Roosters fans at a game against the Parramatta Eels, his first game after signing for Souths. In round 1 of the season, Wing was injured in a tackle in only the 8th minute of the game against his old club the Roosters. Wing was in the process of being tackled by Anthony Tupou and Braith Anasta, when Riley Brown shoulder charged Wing's back. Wing was sidelined for 12 weeks. In a much awaited return, Wing helped Souths to only their fourth win of the season in his return from injury, beating bottom placed North Queensland Cowboys 29–28 in the greatest comeback in Souths' history, having been down 28–4 at one stage of the game. Representative career Wing represented the New South Wales State of Origin team, City Origin and the Australian Kangaroos. He was named in the Australia training squad for the 2008 Rugby League World Cup. He was selected for City in the City vs Country match on 8 May 2009. In May 2009, he was named in the 17-man squad to represent New South Wales in the opening game of the 2009 State of Origin series on 3 June 2009, in Melbourne. Rugby union career Wing announced on 21 July 2009 that he would be leaving South Sydney to play rugby union in Japan for the NTT Communications Shining Arcs and in 2010, he joined his former NSW Schoolboys 1st XV coach Joe Barakat who was coaching with the team. In 2012, after two seasons with Shining Arcs, he moved to the Kobelco Steelers, where he is listed as playing centre or stand-off. His switch to rugby union attracted interest from the Philippines national rugby union team who approached him to play for them, as he qualified through his mother who is Filipina. Despite this interest, in 2013 he was instead selected for the Japan Cherry Blossoms, having qualified after 3 years residency. He made his debut for Japan in May 2013 in a match against the UAE. He scored his first try for Japan in June 2013, in a historic 23–8 win over , playing at centre in a side coached by fellow Australian Eddie Jones. References External links State of Origin Official website Rugby League Player Stats Official South Sydney Rabbitohs profile Wing shock at selection Kangaroos turn to versatile Wing Wing expects to be fit for final ESPN profile Japan National Rugby team profile (in Japanese) Japan Top League profile (in Japanese) Kobelco Steelers profile (in Japanese) Category:1979 births Category:Australian people of Filipino descent Category:Japan international rugby union players Category:Australia national rugby league team players Category:Dual-code rugby internationals Category:South Sydney Rabbitohs players Category:Sydney Roosters players Category:New South Wales City Origin rugby league team players Category:Prime Minister's XIII players Category:New South Wales Rugby League State of Origin players Category:Sportsmen from New South Wales Category:Rugby league utility players Category:Rugby league players from Sydney Category:Rugby union players from Sydney Category:Living people Category:NTT Communications Shining Arcs players Category:Kobelco Steelers players Category:Australian expatriate sportspeople in Japan

Bridgwater Rural District

Bridgwater was a rural district in Somerset, England, from 1894 to 1974. It was created in 1894 under the Local Government Act 1894. In 1974 it was abolished under the Local Government Act 1972 becoming part of Sedgemoor. It contained the civil parishes of Aisholt, Ashcott, Bawdrip, Bridgwater Without, Broomfield, Cannington, Catcott, Charlynch, Chedzoy, Chilton Common, Chilton Polden, Chilton Trinity, Cossington, Durleigh, East Huntspill, Eddington, Enmore, Fiddington, Goathurst, Greinton, Huntspill, Lyng, Middlezoy, Moorlinch, Nether Stowey, North Petherton, Othery, Otterhampton, Over Stowey, Pawlett, Puriton, Shapwick, Spaxton, St Michaelchurch, Stawell, Stockland Bristol, Sutton Mallet, Thurloxton, Wembdon, West Huntspill, Westonzoyland and Woolavington. References Bridgwater Rural District at Britain through time Local Government Act 1972 Category:Districts of England created by the Local Government Act 1894 Category:Districts of England abolished by the Local Government Act 1972 Category:History of Somerset Category:Local government in Somerset Category:Rural districts of England

Mycin

MYCIN was an early backward chaining expert system that used artificial intelligence to identify bacteria causing severe infections, such as bacteremia and meningitis, and to recommend antibiotics, with the dosage adjusted for patient's body weight — the name derived from the antibiotics themselves, as many antibiotics have the suffix "-mycin". The Mycin system was also used for the diagnosis of blood clotting diseases. MYCIN was developed over five or six years in the early 1970s at Stanford University. It was written in Lisp as the doctoral dissertation of Edward Shortliffe under the direction of Bruce G. Buchanan, Stanley N. Cohen and others. Method MYCIN operated using fairly simple inference engine, and a knowledge base of ~600 rules. It would query the physician running the program via a long series of simple yes/no or textual questions. At the end, it provided a list of possible culprit bacteria ranked from high to low based on the probability of each diagnosis, its confidence in each diagnosis' probability, the reasoning behind each diagnosis (that is, MYCIN would also list the questions and rules which led it to rank a diagnosis a particular way), and its recommended course of drug treatment. MYCIN sparked debate about the use of its ad hoc, but principled, uncertainty framework known as "certainty factors". The developers performed studies showing that MYCIN's performance was minimally affected by perturbations in the uncertainty metrics associated with individual rules, suggesting that the power in the system was related more to its knowledge representation and reasoning scheme than to the details of its numerical uncertainty model. Some observers felt that it should have been possible to use classical Bayesian statistics. MYCIN's developers argued that this would require either unrealistic assumptions of probabilistic independence, or require the experts to provide estimates for an unfeasibly large number of conditional probabilities. Subsequent studies later showed that the certainty factor model could indeed be interpreted in a probabilistic sense, and highlighted problems with the implied assumptions of such a model. However the modular structure of the system would prove very successful, leading to the development of graphical models such as Bayesian networks. Evidence combination In MYCIN it was possible that two or more rules might draw conclusions about a parameter with different weights of evidence. For example, one rule may conclude that the organism in question is E. Coli with a certainty of 0.8 whilst another concludes that it is E. Coli with a certainty of 0.5 or even -0.8. In the event the certainty is less than zero the evidence is actually against the hypothesis. In order to calculate the certainty factor MYCIN combined these weights using the formula below to yield a single certainty factor: Where X and Y are the certainty factors. This formula can be applied more than once if more than two rules draw conclusions about the same parameter. It is commutative, so it does not matter in which order the weights were combined. Results Research conducted at the Stanford Medical School found MYCIN received an acceptability rating of 65% on treatment plan from a panel of eight independent specialists, which was comparable to the 42.5% to 62.5% rating of five faculty members. This study is often cited as showing the potential for disagreement about therapeutic decisions, even among experts, when there is no "gold standard" for correct treatment. Practical use MYCIN was never actually used in practice. This wasn't because of any weakness in its performance. Some observers raised ethical and legal issues related to the use of computers in medicine. However, the greatest problem, and the reason that MYCIN was not used in routine practice, was the state of technologies for system integration, especially at the time it was developed. MYCIN was a stand-alone system that required a user to enter all relevant information about a patient by typing in responses to questions MYCIN posed. The program ran on a large time-shared system, available over the early Internet (ARPANet), before personal computers were developed. MYCIN's greatest influence was accordingly its demonstration of the power of its representation and reasoning approach. Rule-based systems in many non-medical domains were developed in the years that followed MYCIN's introduction of the approach. In the 1980s, expert system "shells" were introduced (including one based on MYCIN, known as E-MYCIN (followed by Knowledge Engineering Environment - KEE)) and supported the development of expert systems in a wide variety of application areas. A difficulty that rose to prominence during the development of MYCIN and subsequent complex expert systems has been the extraction of the necessary knowledge for the inference engine to use from the human expert in the relevant fields into the rule base (the so-called "knowledge acquisition bottleneck"). See also CADUCEUS (expert system) Internist-I Clinical decision support system References The AI Business: The commercial uses of artificial intelligence, ed. Patrick Winston and Karen A. Prendergast. . External links Rule-Based Expert Systems: The MYCIN Experiments of the Stanford Heuristic Programming Project -(edited by Bruce G. Buchanan and Edward H. Shortlife; ebook version) TMYCIN, system based on MYCIN "Mycin Expert System: A Ruby Implementation" (at the Web Archive). "MYCIN: A Quick Case Study" " SOME EXPERT SYSTEM NEED COMMON SENSE" -(by John McCarthy) "Expert Systems" Category:Medical expert systems Category:Expert systems Category:Medical software Category:History of artificial intelligence Category:Diagnostic robots

Michael Cumpsty

Michael Cumpsty (born 28 February 1960) is a British actor. He has been acting since childhood. He has worked extensively performing Shakespeare, as well as both musicals and dramas on Broadway. He also performs in films and on television. Life and career Cumpsty was born in Wakefield, West Riding of Yorkshire, and moved to South Africa with his family when he was 9. Cumpsty attended Haileybury College in Hertfordshire and received a Bachelor of Arts in English from University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in 1982. On the Broadway stage he appeared in dramas, including La Bête (1991), Timon of Athens (1993), The Heiress (1995), Copenhagen (2000), and The Constant Wife (2005). He appeared on Broadway in the play End of the Rainbow in 2012 and received a Tony Award nomination for Featured Actor for his performance. He appeared in the Los Angeles production of the play, which ran in March and April 2013 at the Ahmanson Theatre.<ref>Hetrick, Adam. [http://www.playbill.com/news/article/michael-cumpsty-erik-heger-and-miles-anderson-to-join-tracie-bennett-for-l.-202854# "Michael Cumpsty, Erik Heger and Miles Anderson to Join Tracie Bennett for L.A. Run of End of the Rainbow"] Playbill, 2013</ref> He appeared in the Roundabout Theatre production of Machinal as the "husband" from December 2013 to 2 March 2014. In Broadway stage musicals, he played John Dickinson in the revival of 1776 (1997), and Julian Marsh in the revival of 42nd Street (2001). He played the role of Jules in the revival of Sunday in the Park With George in 2008. In Off-Broadway work, he both played the title role and co-directed a Classic Stage Company production of Richard III in 2007. Other Shakespeare roles include Timon in Timon of Athens in 1996, Parolles in All's Well That Ends Well in 1993, Laertes in Hamlet in 1990, Time/Lord in The Winter's Tale in 1989, and Escalus in Romeo and Juliet in 1988, all at the Public Theater. He played the title role in the Classic Stage Company production of Hamlet in 2005, winning the Obie Award, performance. Cumpsty's television credits include the daytime soap operas One Life to Live and All My Children, recurring roles on the primetime dramas L.A. Law in 1991 as a "killer litigator." and Star Trek Voyager, and guest appearances on Matlock (7 May 1995) and Law & Order.Cumpsty's feature films include State of Grace (1990), Fatal Instinct (1993), Starting Out in the Evening (2007), The Ice Storm (1997), Eat Pray Love (2010) and The Visitor (2007). Cumpsty appeared at the Two River Theater in Much Ado About Nothing in October 2011, in Present Laughter in 2013, and directed the Wendy Wasserstein play Third in 2014."Present Laughter Listing" tworivertheater.org, accessed 19 August 2015 He appeared in Absurd Person Singular as "Ronald" in January and on 1 February 2015. He said of the Two River Theater: "It’s similar to off-Broadway, but at a much nicer theater. And it’s different from Broadway because it’s not commercial so there’s less pressure. It’s exhilarating, too. The run is short (three or four weeks) then it’s gone. It’s kind of special..." He further said that he likes "language oriented work" and mentioned as examples Copenhagen'' and the plays of Tom Stoppard. Personal life His life partner, John Dias, is the artistic director of the Two River Theater Company in Red Bank, New Jersey, and they moved to New Jersey in 2010. References External links Category:English male film actors Category:English male stage actors Category:English male television actors Category:People from Wakefield Category:1960 births Category:Living people Category:Gay actors

Tina Khidasheli

Tinatin "Tina" Khidasheli (; born 8 June 1973) is a Georgian jurist and politician. A Republican Party member and former civil society activist, she was appointed as Georgia's Minister of Defense on 1 May 2015, becoming the country's first ever female defense minister. She resigned on 1 August 2016, after her party decided to leave the ruling Georgian Dream coalition. Khidasheli is married to David Usupashvili, the former chairman of the Parliament of Georgia. Education and early career Born in Tbilisi, Tina Khidasheli graduated from Tbilisi State University with a degree in international law in 1995. She became a Master of Political Science at the Central European University in Budapest in 1996. She was a human rights fellow at the Washington College of Law, and World fellow of Yale University. Having worked for several governmental and international organizations in Georgia, Khidasheli assumed presidency of the influential human rights group Georgian Young Lawyers' Association (GYLA) from 2000 to 2004. At the same time, she served as member of the State Anti-Corruption Council from 2002 to 2004. One of the vocal critics of the government of the-then President of Georgia Eduard Shevardnadze, Khidasheli was energetically involved in protest movement which brought about Shevardnadze's resignation in the Rose Revolution in November 2003. She, however, distanced herself from the new government led by Mikheil Saakashvili, her ally in the political struggle against Shevardnadze. Later career After a brief tenure as a Chairperson of the Board of Open Society Georgia Foundation (Soros Foundation) from 2004 to 2005, Khidasheli joined the Republican Party of Georgia, led by her husband, David Usupashvili. She served as that party's secretary for international affairs from 2005 to 2009. She was elected to the Council of Tbilisi in 2010 and entered the Parliament of Georgia after the Georgian Dream coalition, of which the Republican Party was member, defeated Saakashvili-led United National Movement in the 2012 election. She chaired the parliamentary committee on European integration. In May 2015, Khidasheli succeeded Mindia Janelidze as Georgia's Defense Minister. During her tenure, Khidasheli sought close cooperation with NATO and the United States. She also announced an intention to the end of compulsory conscription as part of military reforms. After the Republican Party decided to leave the Georgian Dream coalition ahead of the scheduled October 2016 parliamentary election, Khidasheli filed resignation and was succeeded by the former security official Levan Izoria. Khidasheli herself criticized the government's choice of her successor. See also First women lawyers around the world References Category:1973 births Category:Living people Category:Female defence ministers Category:Government ministers of Georgia (country) Category:Jurists from Georgia (country) Category:Lawyers from Georgia (country) Category:Members of the Parliament of Georgia Category:People from Tbilisi Category:Tbilisi State University alumni Category:Women government ministers of Georgia (country) Category:Women lawyers from Georgia (country) Category:21st-century women politicians

S. Jayalakshmi

Sundaram Jayalakshmi (25 July 1920 - 21 July 2007) was a Tamil film actress and singer who played lead parts in movies of the 1930s and 1940s. Starting her film career with Seetha Kalyanam in 1934, she acted in about a dozen movies, her most remembered role being in the 1943 movie Sivakavi. She is the sister of musicians S. Rajam and S. Balachander. Early life Jayalakshmi was born on 25 July 1920 in Madras to lawyer V. Sundaram Iyer and his wife Parvathi. In 1933, when V. Shantaram wanted to make a Tamil movie and placed an advertisement in Sight and Sound magazine, Sundaram Iyer came forward to help him and as a result the whole family travelled to Kolhapur to make their debut in the movieSeetha Kalyanam with Jayalakshmi as the heroine Seetha and her older brother Rajam as the hero Rama. Death Jayalakshmi died at her residence in Besant Nagar, Chennai of natural causes at 6 AM on 21 July 2007. References External links Category:Indian film actresses Category:Tamil actresses Category:2007 deaths Category:1920 births Category:Actresses from Mumbai

2012 Northern Mariana Islands Republican caucuses

The Northern Mariana Islands Republican Caucuses for 2012 took place on March 10, 2012. Citizens of the Northern Mariana Islands send nine delegates to convention. The caucus will elect six of the nine delegates to the Republican National Convention. Delegates from the Northern Mariana Islands are not technically required to support a certain candidate at the 2012 Republican National Convention in Tampa. Matt Romney, son of Republican presidential candidate Mitt Romney, arrived in the Northern Mariana Islands to campaign on behalf of his father in the run-up to the caucus. This is the first time in history that any U.S. presidential campaign had visited the Northern Mariana Islands. Governor Benigno Fitial endorsed Romney for President at a luncheon with Romney's son and daughter-in-law on March 9, 2012. Results See also Republican Party presidential debates, 2012 Republican Party presidential primaries, 2012 Results of the 2012 Republican Party presidential primaries Notes External links The Green Papers: Major state elections in chronological order Category:2012 Northern Mariana Islands elections Category:2012 United States Republican presidential primaries by state 2012

Kreator discography

The following is the complete discography of the German thrash metal band Kreator. Albums Studio albums Live albums Compilation albums Video albums EPs Singles Music videos References External links Category:Heavy metal group discographies Discography Category:Discographies of German artists

Xylomimus baculus

Xylomimus baculus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae, and the only species in the genus Xylomimus. It was described by Bates in 1865. References Category:Onciderini Category:Beetles described in 1865

Pejman Foundation

The Pejman Foundation is an Iranian nonprofit arts foundation, established by Hamidreza Pejman in 2015, to promote art in a space free of nationality and geographical boundaries, and to connect the common aspects of art and philosophy. Sites The foundation's activities are held at three sites in Tehran: Argo Factory – the foundation headquarters, Argo Factory, which in the 1960s and 70s produced beverages, was, evidently, built in the 1920s and is one of the very first industrial factories in the country. During the Islamic Iranian Revolution the factory was forcibly confiscated from its owners and shut down due to its non-Islamic function. Although quite specific in terms of architecture, with its very tall chimney, and its geographical location at the heart of the city, the building was abandoned for forty years and its owners blocked from re-assuming ownership. In line with its long-term goal to establish a non-profit exhibition space and cultural centre, Pejman Foundation made the decision to acquire the factory from the state engage in its restoration. In October 2016 and under the supervision of architect Ali Shakeri (Shiar Studio), the process of restoration and revival began and currently, after a gap for the purpose of holding two exhibitions, the second phase of the process is going ahead and supervised by architect Ahmadreza Schricker (ASA NORTH). Kandovan – a non-profit project space and a residency programme, which in collaboration with local and international artists and curators hosts a variety of events and exhibitions at its space. Kandovan also takes part in international cultural programmes and collaborates and creates exchanges with a variety of art spaces all over the world. Kandovan endeavours to appropriately bridge the gulf between arts and artists from Iran and other nations. Through holding a variety of events, artist talks, studio visits and small exhibitions in tandem with its artist residency programme and exchange programme, Kandovan has become an essential link in the chain that connects local and international art practitioners to one another, artists with spaces and spaces with artists. Café Musée Project – a platform for projects and events inside the Tehran Museum of Contemporary Art. Artists and exhibitions A partial list of artists who have worked with the foundation: 2018: "Bal Umagbe La" by Sebastian Bieniek, German artist, featuring photography, drawing and performance art at the Kandovan Building. Curated by Robbie Vafai, opened 13 to 20 August 2018. 2017-2018: "Elsewhere" by South Korean filmmaker, documentarian and animator Hayoun Kwon, and French film director Balthazar Auxietre, featuring an interactive virtual reality art installation, including Auxietre's "The Cave", in which the audience can experience an ice age cave with prehistoric cave paintings. 2017: "Nose to Nose", by Slavs and Tatars, at the Argo Factory location, featuring sculptures, audio works and publications. 2017: "Shattered Frames: Recent video work from Iran", curated by Sohrab Kashani, originally shown at the Carnegie Museum of Art in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in 2016. References External links Pejman Foundation Homepage Category:Iranian art Category:Arts foundations based in Asia

Christopher Cerf (school administrator)

Christopher D. Cerf (born ) is an American education administrator and attorney who previously served as the state-appointed Superintendent of the Newark Public Schools in New Jersey. Early life Cerf was born in Illinois but grew up in Washington, D.C. Around 1970, he and his family moved to Cambridge, Massachusetts, a suburb of Boston, where he attended Commonwealth School. He earned his undergraduate degree in history from Amherst College in 1977. He later graduated from Columbia Law School where in his final year he served as Editor-in-Chief of the Columbia Law Review. While at Columbia, Cerf had also spent his first summer working at the NAACP Legal Defense Fund and his second summer at a Wall Street law firm. Career For four years before law school, Cerf taught history at Cincinnati Country Day School, a private high school in Cincinnati, Ohio. After graduating from Columbia Law School, Cerf served as a clerk to J. Skelly Wright, a judge in Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit. In 1985, Cerf became a clerk for U.S. Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O'Connor. As a clerk, former Justice O'Connor later described Cerf as "a hard worker, a sensible worker, and he was just excellent. You can't find any fault with him." He later served on the advisory board of iCivics, an education non-profit founded by O'Connor. After his clerkships, Cerf worked as a lawyer in two law firms in Washington, D.C., a period in which he returned to the Supreme Court to argue two cases, one of which he won. One of two Washington firms Cerf worked for was Onek, Klein & Farr. Many years later, Joel Klein, a partner at the firm, would appoint Cerf as his deputy in the New York City Department of Education. Cerf later joined Bill Clinton's first campaign for President of the United States. And after the campaign, from 1993 to 1996, Cerf was associate counsel to President Clinton. In that capacity, he worked on tobacco regulation and efforts to protect prisoner’s rights to petition for habeas corpus. After working at another Washington firm, Wiley Rein and Fielding, in 1997, he was hired as general counsel to Edison Schools Inc. (now known as EdisonLearning). In 2001, Cerf was appointed the president and chief operating officer of the company. As of at least 2006, during Cerf's tenure as president, Edison Schools was the largest for-profit contractor for public school administration in the world. While at Edison Schools, he was responsible for the handling of the backlash stemming from company's administration of public schools in Philadelphia and he also attended the Broad Superintendent Academy founded by Eli Broad. After leaving the company in 2005, Cerf joined the consulting firm Public–Private Strategy Group. New York City schools In early 2006, Cerf began working as a consultant to the New York City Department of Education with a salary funded by private donations. On December 21, 2006, New York City Schools Chancellor Joel Klein announced that he was appointing Cerf, who had assumed the role of Chief Transformation Officer, as deputy chancellor. Cerf is a longtime friend of the chancellor as they both worked together at the White House and Klein's law firm Onek, Klein & Farr in Washington. According to The New York Times, the appointment was part of Mayor Michael Bloomberg's initiative to increase private-sector participation in New York City schools. When appointed deputy chancellor, Cerf had disclosed to city officials that he had retained stock options from his time at Edison Schools and therefore would recuse himself from any decisions involving the company. He later relinquished "all equity interest" but was questioned by the city's Conflicts of Interest Board for soliciting a charitable contribution from executives at Edison in an email at the same time he relinquished his financial interests in the company. After being questioned by the ethics board, Cerf rescinded his request. Edison Schools had planned to make a $60,000 donation to Darrow Foundation, a non-profit wilderness and canoeing youth program in Maine. The Conflicts of Interest Board took no disciplinary action. In September 2009, Cerf left his post as deputy chancellor to join Mayor Bloomberg's re-election campaign as an education policy adviser. Cerf has held high positions in government and has worked for several for-profit educational corporations Global Education Advisers, and Sangari Global. New Jersey schools He was appointed New Jersey State Commissioner of Education by Chris Christie in 2010. In February 2014, Cerf announced that he would be leaving his post as Commissioner of Education at the end of the month to become chief executive of Amplify Insight, a division of Amplify. In June 2015, Cerf stepped down from his executive post at Amplify in anticipation of his appointment to head the Newark City School District. The same month, he also resigned from his membership to the board of directors of the National Alliance for Public Charter Schools, a lobbying group supporting charter schools, which he had just joined in April 2015. On July 8, 2015, the New Jersey Board of Education, which at the time had direct control over the Newark schools, voted 6 to 4 to appoint Cerf as superintendent of the district school system, replacing Cami Anderson. According to a February 2018 editorial in The Star-Ledger, Cerf closed the worst schools, fired the worst principals, and used a new contract to pay the best teachers more. By the end of his tenure as superintendent, the graduation rate had risen to 77 percent, a 20 percent increase. He was able to improve student's results in state standardized tests and increase the graduation rate while maintaining a balanced budget. Newark Mayor Ras Baraka and Cerf were able to end the pugnacious relationship between the city's leaders and state's Department of Education. In December 2017, Cerf announced his resignation as superintendent effective on February 1, 2018, a few months ahead of the end of his contract and the same day as the state returned control of the city school district to local control. According to The New York Times, the move was intended to ease the transition to local control. Cerf was replaced by his deputy, Robert Gregory, who took over as interim superintendent while the now independent school district searched for a permanent replacement. Personal life Cerf resides in Montclair, New Jersey. From a young age, he has enjoyed wilderness canoeing, and has led multiple expeditions near Hudson Bay. He has three children. References Category:1950s births Category:Living people Category:Educators from New Jersey Category:People from Montclair, New Jersey Category:American school superintendents Category:Businesspeople from New Jersey Category:State superintendents of public instruction of the United States Category:Date of birth missing (living people) Category:Amherst College alumni Category:Columbia Law School alumni Category:Law clerks of the Supreme Court of the United States

Heino (given name)

Heino is a masculine given name. Notable people with the name include: Heino (born 1938), German schlager and volksmusik music singer Heino Dissing (1912–1990), Danish cyclist and Olympic competitor Heino Eller (1887–1970), Estonian composer and composition teacher Heino Enden (born 1959), Estonian professional basketball power forward Heino Ferch (born 1963), German film and television actor Heino Finkelmann (born 1945), German chemist and professor Heino Heinrich Graf von Flemming (1632–1706), German Field Marshal and Governor of Berlin Heino Hankewitz (born 1954), Estonian-born German social manager Heino Hansen (born 1947), Danish football player and Olympic competitor Heino von Heimburg (1889–1945), German Vice Admiral of the Kriegsmarine and U-boat commander during WWI Heino Holm (born 1979), Danish handballer Heino Kaski (1885–1957), Finnish composer and pianist Heino Kostabi (born 1933), Estonian politician Heino Kuhn (born 1984), South African cricketer Heino Kruus (1926–2012), Estonian basketball player and Olympic competitor Heino Kurvet (born 1946), Estonian sprint canoeist and Olympic medalist Heino Lipp (1922–2006), Estonian decathlete Heino Mandri (1922-1990), Estonian actor Heino Meyer-Bahlburg (born 1940), German-born American psychologist Heino Pulli (born 1938), Finnish ice hockey player Heino Puuste (born 1955), Estonian javelin thrower and Olympic competitor Heino von Rantzau (1894–1946), German Generalleutnant in the Luftwaffe during World War II Heino Schmieden (1835-1913), German architect Heino Senekal (born 1975), Namibian rugby player Heino Thielemann (born 1923), German field hockey player and Olympic competitor Category:Estonian masculine given names Category:Finnish masculine given names Category:German masculine given names

Captain Sindbad

Captain Sindbad is a 1963 independently made fantasy and adventure film, produced by Frank King and Herman King (King Brothers Productions), directed by Byron Haskin, that stars Guy Williams and Heidi Brühl. The film was shot at the Bavaria Film studios in Germany and was distributed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. The screenplay was rewritten by Guy Endore, then rewritten again by co-producer Frank King a week before filming began in order to reduce production expenses; the film was reedited again prior to release. Haskin also shot some of the film's special effects sequences for an MGM Television television pilot, but no network picked it up. Plot The peaceful kingdom of Baristan is ruled by the evil El Kerim. He plans to capture his rival, Sindbad, who will soon return from a voyage to marry Princess Jana. The Princess convinces the magician Galgo to turn her into a Firebird, so that she may fly off to warn Sinbad of the trap set for him. She is able to do so just as Galgo is discovered by the guards, who take him to El Kerim. As Sindbad and his crew sail towards Baristan, the Princess/Firebird lands on the ship. Before she can deliver the message, however, El Kerim has his guards transformed into giant human falcons, which manage to sink Sinbad's ship using large rocks. Sindbad and some of his crew survive the attack and carefully make their way ashore. Galgo stretches out his arm over an enormous distance in order to steal El Kerim's magic ring. El Kerim, however, wakes up in time and burns Galgo's hand. Sindbad, posing as a petty thief, is arrested and must appear before the evil ruler. El Kerim is not fooled by the pretense and orders him to be executed. Sindbad breaks free and stabs him directly in the heart with a sword, but El Kerim cannot be killed. He orders Sindbad be put to death in the public arena the next day. Sindbad must now do battle with "The Thing", a fearsome giant invisible creature. Fortunately, The Thing knocks over a torch in his pursuit, starting a large fire, inciting a mass exodus of the large crowd, which allows Sindbad to escape from the arena during the confusion. Sindbad goes to Galgo and finally convinces the magician to reveal El Kerim's secret: the evil ruler had his vulnerable heart removed, and it is now kept safe in a distant bell tower, guarded by supernatural forces. In the meantime El Kerim insists that the Princess marry him, but when she finally refuses, he orders her to be executed with Sindbad when he is recaptured. Sindbad and his men must traverse a swamp of horror in order to reach the tower containing the evil heart. On the way, they encounter carnivorous vines, giant prehistoric crocodiles, volcanic lava pits, and killer whirlpools. Their numbers reduced, they finally arrive at the tower, where they dispatch a huge ogre with the multiple heads of a dragon. Sindbad, with the aid of a hook, begins climbing the tower's immense bell rope. When he reaches the top, he discovers El Kerim's beating heart is encased in crystal. The heart is protected by a giant hand, which chases Sindbad until he throws the hook at the crystal, dislodging the evil heart, giving El Kerim a heart attack. Seeking to protect his vulnerable heart, El Kerim rapidly flies with Galgo in his winged chariot to the tower. Sindbad is about to impale the heart when El Kerim arrives. A fierce sword fight between them begins. Galgo steals the heart and tosses it over the side of the tower and it explodes! As it falls to the ground, El Kerim dies, and falls from the tower's edge to his death. Later, the entire kingdom celebrates the marriage of Captain Sindbad and Princess Jana. Cast Production The film was shot at the Bavaria Studios in Munich with sets designed by the art directors Isabella Schlichting and Werner Schlichting. Outtakes of the film's "Dragon-Ogre" were used briefly in the film Natural Born Killers. Reception New York Times review, July 4, 1964 "Until about the last 20 minutes, it's strictly a broad mishmash of fantasy-comedy, spilling out over some lavishly gaudy sets of Old Arabia. As for plot, there's sinewy Sindbad (Guy Williams) trying to rescue a dead pan princess (Heidi Bruhl) from a wicked ruler (Pedro Armendariz), aided by a tippling, belching old magician". "Throw in a tired "Scheherazade"-type of score, as Mr. Williams braves anything from crocodiles to a 12-headed monster (our count, anyway), and you have the kind of harmless trash some kids may tolerate". "Yesterday, a cute little blonde in front of us took it all in stride, monsters included. She also perked up, leaning forward, for that final reel, when the picture slips from mediocrity into a wildly funny, eerie and casually beguiling adventure, not hard to take". "One set, a garishly tangled swamp, is nifty; so is the final one, for a palace skirmish. The King Brothers produced it, in Munich, of all places. M.G.M. sponsors". Comic book adaptation Gold Key: Captain Sindbad (September 1963) References External links Category:1963 films Category:1960s fantasy adventure films Category:American fantasy adventure films Category:American films Category:West German films Category:Films directed by Byron Haskin Category:1960s children's fantasy films Category:German fantasy adventure films Category:Films based on Sinbad the Sailor Category:Seafaring films Category:Films set in the 8th century Category:Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer films Category:Films shot in Germany Category:Films adapted into comics Category:Films shot at Bavaria Studios Category:1960s historical adventure films Category:German historical films Category:Films scored by Michel Michelet

Ansitz Freienfeld

Ansitz Freienfeld is an Ansitz located in Kurtatsch an der Weinstraße, South Tyrol, Italy. The manor was built in 1521 and has undergone several expansions, renovations, and changes in ownership. It is currently used by a winery to store barriques. It was one of the principal manors, along with Ansitz Strehlburg, of the In der Maur family. History Ansitz Freienfeld was constructed in 1521 in Kurtatsch an der Weinstraße, possibly by local judge Christian Truefer. It is also possible that it later underwent a comprehensive renovation in the Gothic style. Around 1610 an enlargement was made to the western portion of the building. In 1619 a western annex was constructed. In 1640 the manor was acquired by the In der Maur zu Strehlburg and Freudenfeld. From 1675 it was possessed by the Millstetter zu Milpach family, changing hands to the Enzenberg family in 1777, then being reacquired by the In der Maur zu Strehlburg and Freudenfeld family in 1780, before becoming the home of the Anrather family in 1825. In 1900 Ansitz Freienfeld became the headquarters of the newly-created Kellerei Kurtatsch winery. However, in 1903 the manor was acquired by the village of Kurtatsch. The winery business quickly grew and in 1920 was moved into a new purpose-built structure in a different part of the village. The Kellerei Kurtatsch rented out space in the manor's cellars in the 21st century to store barriques for wine fermentation. It is also used for wine tours. A wine produced by the business, Freienfeld, was named after the manor. The winery hosts an annual party in the cellars centered around red wine. Nokrische Behausung Nokrische Behausung are a group of houses located near Freienfeld. The houses were likely built by the lords of In der Maur, along with Freienfeld, at the beginning of the 16th century. The entry gate to the houses, built in 1623, was originally the gate to Freienfeld. The lower levels of the houses contained a smithy and a tinsmith. Ownership changed from the In der Maur to the Nocker in 1687, then the von Wohlgemuth in 1780. They were bought by the Christoforetti in 1852. References Category:Buildings and structures in South Tyrol Category:Houses in Italy Category:In der Maur family residences Category:Wineries of Italy

Rhaebosterna

Rhaebosterna is a genus of leaf beetles in the family Chrysomelidae found in Australia. These beetles are striped and small. The genus contains three species and was first described by Weiss in 1917 One species seen in Victoria is Rhaebosterna interruptofasciata was matched to a specimen in the Victorian museum. This was found on several occasions on tea tree. References Category:Beetles of Australia Category:Chrysomelinae

Jumbo Tsuruta

, better known by his ring name , was a Japanese professional wrestler who wrestled for All Japan Pro Wrestling (AJPW) for most of his career, and is well known for being the first ever Triple Crown Heavyweight Champion, having won the PWF Heavyweight Championship, the NWA United National Championship, and the NWA International Heavyweight Championship, and unifying the three titles. He is also known for being one-half of the first-ever World Tag Team Champions with Yoshiaki Yatsu, having won the NWA International Tag Team Championship and the PWF Tag Team Championship, and unifying the two titles. Early life Tsuruta participated in many sports, such as swimming, basketball, and sumo while attending Hikawa Senior High School in Yamanashi-shi, Yamanashi Prefecture. Amateur wrestling career While at Chuo University, he began an amateur wrestling career. He won the All Japan Amateur Wrestling Championship in freestyle and Greco-Roman as a superheavyweight (at the time, an unlimited class for those weighing over 100 kilograms) in the years 1971 and 1972. He also competed in the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich. He finished the Greco-Roman tournament with no wins. Professional wrestling career Scouted by AJPW promoter Giant Baba, he was sent to the local Amarillo, Texas promotion in the U.S. to train as a pro under Dory Funk Jr. While wrestling in the United States, Tsuruta was among the first Japanese wrestlers to be cheered by an American crowd, due to his hard work ethic and wrestling ability. The name "Jumbo" was given to him by a fan contest in Japan to replace his given name, which was seen as too feminine. He defeated Nick Bockwinkel on February 23, 1984 to win the AWA World Heavyweight Championship in Tokyo, Japan. He would lose the title to Rick Martel on May 13, 1984 in St. Paul, Minnesota. Tsuruta and Yoshiaki Yatsu became the first World Tag Team Champions on June 10, 1988. During his 26-year career, he fought in 3,329 matches. Some of his most notable opponents include Stan Hansen, Billy Robinson, The Destroyer, Bruiser Brody, Genichiro Tenryu, Abdullah the Butcher, Terry Funk, Dory Funk Jr., Mitsuharu Misawa, Harley Race, Verne Gagne, Rick Martel, Riki Choshu, Jack Brisco, Ric Flair, and Nick Bockwinkel. Tsuruta was the first Triple Crown Heavyweight Champion (unifying the Pacific Wrestling Federation, NWA United National, and NWA International Heavyweight titles), defeating Stan Hansen on April 18, 1989 in Tokyo. In 1992, he completed the October "Giant Series" tour before disappearing from the company for almost a year. For the rest of his career, he participated mostly in comedic (i.e. exhibition) six-man tag team matches; he frequently teamed with Baba and old rival Rusher Kimura in matches against teams which included Masanobu Fuchi, Haruka Eigen, and other old-timers. He announced his retirement on February 20, 1999 and held a ceremony on March 6, 1999. Post-retirement and death Four days after Tsuruta's retirement, he and his family moved to the United States to be a visiting researcher at the University of Portland in Oregon. Tsuruta had a bachelor's degree in political science and earned a master's degree in coaching in 1997, later becoming a part-time instructor in physical training at his old University. His health deteriorated, however, as he had been diagnosed with Hepatitis B which eventually turned to full blown liver cancer as well as cirrhosis of the liver, and by the end of the year he was back in Japan. Due to strict laws over organ donation in Japan, meaning only relatives with matching blood types can donate, Tsuruta had to try and find a donor elsewhere. In April 2000, he left for Australia in search of a liver donor, and two months later, a donor was found in Manila in The Philippines. Tsuruta underwent surgery on May 13, but during the liver transplant he began bleeding uncontrollably, and died at the National Kidney and Transplant Institute in Quezon City, Philippines on May 13, 2000, from complications of the liver transplant at the age of 49. He was survived by his wife and their three sons: Ken, Naoki, and Yuji. Championships and accomplishments All Japan Pro Wrestling NWA International Heavyweight Championship (3 times) NWA International Tag Team Championship (9 times) – Giant Baba (6), Genichiro Tenryu (2), and Yoshiaki Yatsu (1) NWA United National Championship (5 times) PWF World Heavyweight Championship (1 time) PWF World Tag Team Championship (2 times) – Tiger Mask II (1) and Yoshiaki Yatsu (1) Triple Crown Heavyweight Championship (3 times) World Tag Team Championship (7 times) – Yoshiaki Yatsu (5), The Great Kabuki (1), and Akira Taue (1) Champion Carnival (1980, 1991) World's Strongest Tag Determination League (1978, 1980) – with Giant Baba World's Strongest Tag Determination League (1984, 1986) – with Genichiro Tenryu World's Strongest Tag Determination League (1987) – with Yoshiaki Yatsu January 2 Korakuen Hall Heavyweight Battle Royal (1984) Champion Carnival Distinguished Service Award (1977, 1979) Champion Carnival Technical Award (1978) Champion Carnival Technique Award (1976) Champion Carnival Fighting Spirit Award (1975, 1982) World's Strongest Tag Determination League Distinguished Award (1977) - with Giant Baba World's Strongest Tag Determination League Outstanding Performance Award (1982) - with Giant Baba World's Strongest Tag Determination League Technical Award (1983) - with Genichiro Tenryu World's Strongest Tag Determination League Distinguished Service Medal Award (1985) - with Genichiro Tenryu World's Strongest Tag Determination League Outstanding Performance Award (1988) - with Yoshiaki Yatsu World's Strongest Tag Determination League Special Award (1989) World's Strongest Tag Determination League Skill Award (1990) - with Akira Taue World's Strongest Tag Determination League Fighting Spirit Award (1991) - with Akira Taue American Wrestling Association AWA World Heavyweight Championship (1 time) Championship Wrestling from Florida NWA United National Championship (1 time) NWA Detroit NWA World Tag Team Championship (Detroit version) (1 time) – with Giant Baba Pro Wrestling Illustrated PWI ranked him #28 of the 500 best singles wrestlers during the "PWI Years" in 2003 PWI ranked him #10 of the 100 best tag teams during the "PWI Years" with Giant Baba in 2003 PWI ranked him #14 of the 100 best tag teams during the "PWI Years" with Genichiro Tenryu in 2003 PWI ranked him #31 of the 100 best tag teams during the "PWI Years" with Yoshiaki Yatsu in 2003 Professional Wrestling Hall of Fame Class of 2015 Tokyo Sports Wrestler of the Year (1983, 1984, 1991) Technique Award (1974, 1986, 1988) Outstanding Performance Award (1975, 1976, 1981) Service Award (1999) Lifetime Achievement Award (2000) Tag Team of the Year (1978, 1980, 1982) with Giant Baba Tag Team of the Year (1983, 1985) with Genichiro Tenryu Tag Team of the Year (1989) with Yoshiaki Yatsu Match of the Year (1976) vs. Rusher Kimura on March 28, 1976 Match of the Year (1977) vs. Mil Máscaras on August 25, 1977 Match of the Year (1978) vs. Harley Race on January 20, 1978 Match of the Year (1980) with Giant Baba vs. Dory Funk Jr. and Terry Funk on December 11, 1980 Match of the Year (1985) vs. Riki Choshu on November 4, 1985 Match of the Year (1987) vs. Genichiro Tenryu on August 31, 1987 Match of the Year (1989) vs. Genichiro Tenryu on June 5, 1989 Wrestling Observer Newsletter Feud of the Year (1990, 1991) vs. Mitsuharu Misawa Wrestler of the Year (1991) Wrestling Observer Newsletter Hall of Fame (Class of 1996) See also List of premature professional wrestling deaths References External links puroresu.com: Jumbo Tsuruta Tsuruta, Jumbo Tsuruta, Jumbo Category:AWA World Heavyweight Champions Category:Sportspeople from Yamanashi Prefecture Tsuruta, Jumbo Category:Japanese male professional wrestlers Category:Olympic wrestlers of Japan Category:Professional wrestlers who competed in the Olympics Category:Wrestlers at the 1972 Summer Olympics Category:Japanese male sport wrestlers Category:Deaths from cancer in the Philippines Category:University of Tsukuba alumni Category:Professional Wrestling Hall of Fame and Museum Category:Wrestling Observer Newsletter Hall of Fame Category:Kidney transplant recipients

Zafar Colony

Zaffer Calony is an area in Lahore District, Pakistan. Violence In March 2015 a former police constable was shot dead in the colony. References Category:Samanabad Zone

Minamiaiki, Nagano

is a village located in Nagano Prefecture, Japan. , the village had an estimated population of 1,057 in 430 households , and a population density of 16 persons per km². The total area of the village is . Geography Minamiaiki is located in mountainous eastern Nagano Prefecture, bordered by Gunma Prefecture to the east. More than 90% of the village area is covered by mountains and forest, and the village is at an average altitude of between 1000 and 1200 meters. Minamiaiki Dam is located within this village. Surrounding municipalities Nagano Prefecture Kitaaiki Koumi Minamimaki Kawakami Gunma Prefecture Ueno Demographics Per Japanese census data, the population of Minamiaiki has remained declined over the past 50 years. Climate The village has a humid continental climate characterized by warm and humid summers, and cold winters (Köppen climate classification Dfb). The average annual temperature in Minamiaiki is 7.4 °C. The average annual rainfall is 1537 mm with September as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around 20.1 °C, and lowest in January, at around -4.7 °C. History The area of present-day MInamiaiki was part of ancient Shinano Province, and was mentioned in Muromachi period records. The area was part of the tenryō territories under the direct administration of the Tokugawa shogunate during the Edo period. The present village of Minamiaiki was created with the establishment of the modern municipalities system on April 1, 1889. Education Minamiaiki has one public elementary school operated by the village government. The village shares a public middle school with neighboring Kitaaika. The village does not have a high school. Transportation Railway The village does not have any passenger rail service. Highway The village is not served by any national highways References External links Official Website Category:Villages in Nagano Prefecture

Hyle (Boeotia)

Hyle () was a town in ancient Boeotia, situated upon Lake Hylica, which derived its name from this place. It is mentioned by Homer in the Catalogue of Ships, and elsewhere, in the Iliad. The toponym of Hyle, written in Linear B script, appears in one of the clay tablets recovered in 1995 at Thebes. Its site is located near modern Oungra. References Category:Populated places in ancient Boeotia Category:Former populated places in Greece

Zygia pithecolobioides

Pithecellobium pithecolobioides, known as Granadillo de Río, is a tree species in the legume family (Fabaceae). Found in Argentina and Paraguay, it is threatened by habitat destruction; whether it still exists in Brazil is at least doubtful. Junior synonyms are: Feuilleea pithecolobioides (Kuntze) Kuntze Inga pithecolobioides Kuntze Pithecellobium pithecolobioides (Kuntze) Hassl. Pithecellobium pithecolobioides (Kuntze) Hassl. var. harmsii Hassl. Pithecellobium pithecolobioides (Kuntze) Hassl. var. pithecolobioides (Kuntze)Hassl. Pithecellobium pithecolobioides (Kuntze) Hassl. var. reductum (Malme) Hassl. Pithecellobium reductum Malme Zygia reducta (Malme) L.Rico Footnotes References (2005): Zygia pithecolobioides. Version 10.01, November 2005. Retrieved 2008-MAR-30. pithecolobioides Category:Flora of Argentina Category:Flora of Paraguay Category:Vulnerable plants Category:Taxonomy articles created by Polbot

The Man (Stoker novel)

The Man is a 1905 Victorian novel by Bram Stoker, best known for Dracula. A typical Gothic novel, it features horror and romance. The Man has also been published as The Gates of Life. Historical context The Victorian Era, the reign of Queen Victoria from her coronation on 20 June 1837 to her death on 22 January 1901, is known as a long period of peace, prosperity and national pride for the British Empire. It was a bold transition from the Georgian era, largely defined by logic, rationalism and a progression towards romanticism and mysticism in religion, societal values and the arts. In international relations, the Georgian era was widely regarded as a period of peace and Britain involved themselves in little external conflict. However, within the American colonies there was much unrest. In British domestic relations, the political agenda became increasingly liberal and was marked by shifts toward political, industrial and social reform. During the Victorian era, Britain experienced an unprecedented economic and population growth. The end of the era, when The Man was written, coincided with Europe's Belle Époque. Like Britain's Victorian era, the period was characterized by optimism, peace, advances in technology and scientific discoveries. Literary background During the Romantic period of literature, which immediately preceded the Victorian period, poetry was the most popular form of literature. In the Victorian period, the novel became the predominant literary work. The most important novelist of the Victorian era is Charles Dickens. Other notable authors include the Brontë sisters: Anne, Charlotte, and Emily (who published works under male pseudonyms), George Eliot (pseudonym of Mary Ann Evans), Thomas Hardy, Lewis Carroll, George Gissing and Arthur Conan Doyle. During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the subgenre of Gothic fiction emerged from the broader genre of fantastic fiction. These stories, centering on larger-than-life characters, took place in castles, cemeteries and monasteries in rural England or Europe or in large cities (such as London). Gothic literature combined romance and horror. Plot Squire Stephen Norman is lord of the manor in Normanstead. He marries Margaret Rowly, younger sister of his friend Rowly (squire of the neighboring town). Desirous of an heir, Norman and Margaret have a baby girl and Margaret dies shortly after the birth. Norman promises her that he will love their daughter as much as he would have loved a son, and Margaret asks him to name the girl Stephen. Squire Norman his daughter Stephen as a tomboy. Margaret's spinster aunt Laetitia Rowly moves in to help care for Stephen, who is dominant, assertive and free-thinking. When Stephen is six, Norman's visiting college friend Dr. Wolf tells her about his 11-year-old son Harold. The girl asks Wolf to bring Harold on a future visit, and the children become friends. Two years later, Dr. Wolf dies of pneumonia and Squire Norman promises to raise Harold as if he were his own son. Stephen and Harold visit the graveyard of the Church of St. Stephen in Normanstead (where all her ancestors are buried), and find the crypt unlocked. Stephen and another young boy, Leonard Everard, explore the crypt. Harold finds Leonard running out of the crypt and Stephen unconscious on the floor in front of a coffin. Leonard tells her that he carried her out of the crypt, and she begins to admire him. Harold goes to Cambridge University and begins to fall in love with Stephen, who admires Leonard (though he is selfish and uninterested in her). She tells her appalled aunt that a woman should be able to ask a man to marry her. After graduation, Harold moves back to Squire Norman's estate. He and Norman are involved in a phaeton accident, in which Norman is fatally injured. Before he dies, he tells Harold to look after Stephen and gives him his blessing to marry her if she wishes. Stephen decides to propose to Leonard, asking him in a letter to meet her. Leonard refuses her proposal, and she is humiliated. He tells an incredulous, upset Harold about Stephen's proposal, and Harold proposes to her the next morning. Stephen, aware that Harold knows about her rejected proposal, becomes angry and tells him to leave. When she tells Leonard that in exchange for his silence she will pay his debts, he realizes the advantages of marrying her. He proposes, and she rejects him. Harold boards a ship bound for New York and assumes a new name, John Robinson. During the voyage, six-year-old Pearl Stonehouse is washed overboard. John saves her, and the grateful girl calls him "the Man". He refuses the Stonehouses' offer of a job, living in Alaska for two years before deciding to revisit the lonely Stephen (who has inherited a London mansion and a title, and whose sole confidante is an old woman known as the Silver Lady). During a storm, Stephen sees a ship ablaze in the distance; a bearded John is trying to swim to shore, and sees Stephen just before he is struck by lightning. Not recognizing him, Stephen has him rescued and brought to her home. A doctor discovers that John is blind, but believes that it is temporary. John, wanting to respect Stephen's wish that he stay out of her life, plans to escape. Stephen hears from Alice Stonehouse, who learned about Mr. Robinson's accident and planned to visit him with her family. Alice explains to Stephen that the injured man had saved their daughter's life two years earlier, and Pearl had insisted on seeing "the Man". Pearl is confused by John's beard, but when the doctor removes his bandages she recognizes "the Man" and faints. Stephen, realizing that "the Man" is Harold, also faints and Harold suddenly regains his sight. Pearl tells Stephen that she should marry Harold, and Stephen consults the Silver Lady. The Silver Lady visits Harold, and tells him he should marry Stephen. Stephen and Harold find each other and embrace. Genre and style The Man has elements typical of Gothic fiction: horror and romance. The novel begins in a cemetery, and often returns there. Depictions of tombstones, Gothic architecture, gargoyles and other Gothic imagery are abundant. It focuses on a romance between the main character, Stephen, and Harold. It also focuses on the concept of death, with many characters dying in tragic accidents. Through the deaths, Stephen and Harold grow closer. The novel consists of a preface (or "fore-glimpse") followed by 37 short chapters, typically two to four pages. Themes The New Woman was a popular character in 19th-century literature, carrying over into the 20th century. The New Woman, exemplified by Stephen, was typically a feminist, educated, independent career woman. Independent, she challenges the conventions of traditional 19th-century women. An example of her progressive, independent nature is when she breaks the tradition of the marriage proposal by proposing to Leonard. Because Squire Norman raises Stephen with masculine qualities, she "very early in life manifested a dominant nature ... this was a secret pleasure to her father, who, never losing sight of his old idea that she was both son and daughter, took pleasure as well as pride of each manifestation of her imperial will". As a teenager, Stephen announces that she would "rather be a God than an angel", able to command the angels and make them submit to her. Harold, on the other hand, says that he would "rather be an angel than a God" because it is easier to accept the commands of a higher authority and carry them out. Critical reception The Man is less popular than Stoker's best-known novel, Dracula, seldom discussed in literary journals and largely forgotten. References External links Bram Stoker Online Full text and PDF versions of this novel. Category:1905 British novels Category:1905 fantasy novels Category:Novels by Bram Stoker category:Irish Gothic novels

Self psychology

Self psychology, a modern psychoanalytic theory and its clinical applications, was conceived by Heinz Kohut in Chicago in the 1960s, 70s, and 80s, and is still developing as a contemporary form of psychoanalytic treatment. In self psychology, the effort is made to understand individuals from within their subjective experience via vicarious introspection, basing interpretations on the understanding of the self as the central agency of the human psyche. Essential to understanding self psychology are the concepts of empathy, selfobject, mirroring, idealising, alter ego/twinship and the tripolar self. Though self psychology also recognizes certain drives, conflicts, and complexes present in Freudian psychodynamic theory, these are understood within a different framework. Self psychology was seen as a major break from traditional psychoanalysis and is considered the beginnings of the relational approach to psychoanalysis. Origins Kohut came to psychoanalysis by way of neurology and psychiatry in the 1940s, but then 'embraced analysis with the fervor of a convert ... [and as] "Mr Psychoanalysis" ' took on an idealizing image of Freud and his theories. Subsequently, "in a burst of creativity that began in the mid-1960s ... Kohut found his voice and explored narcissism in new ways that led to what he ended up calling a 'psychology of the self'". Major concepts Self Kohut explained, in 1977, that in all he wrote on the psychology of the self, he purposely did not define the self. He explained his reasoning this way: "The self...is, like all reality...not knowable in its essence...We can describe the various cohesive forms in which the self appears, can demonstrate the several constituents that make up the self ... and explain their genesis and functions. We can do all that but we will still not know the essence of the self as differentiated from its manifestations. Empathy Kohut maintained that parents' failures to empathize with their children and the responses of their children to these failures were 'at the root of almost all psychopathology'. For Kohut, the loss of the other and the other's self-object ("selfobject") function (see below) leaves the individual apathetic, lethargic, empty of the feeling of life, and without vitality – in short, depressed. The infant moving from grandiose to cohesive self and beyond must go through the slow process of disillusionment with phantasies of omnipotence, mediated by the parents: 'This process of gradual and titrated disenchantment requires that the infant's caretakers be empathetically attuned to the infant's needs'. Correspondingly, to help a patient deal in therapy with earlier failures in the disenchantment process, Kohut the therapist 'highlights empathy as the tool par excellence, which allows the creation of a relationship between patient and analyst that can offer some hope of mitigating early self pathology'. In comparison to earlier psychoanalytic approaches, the use of empathy, which Kohut called "vicarious introspection", allows the therapist to reach conclusions sooner (with less dialogue and interpretation), and to create a stronger bond with the patient, making the patient feel more fundamentally understood. For Kohut, the implicit bond of empathy itself has a curative effect, but he also warned that 'the psychoanalyst ... must also be able to relinquish the empathic attitude' to maintain intellectual integrity, and that 'empathy, especially when it is surrounded by an attitude of wanting to cure directly ... may rest on the therapist's unresolved omnipotence fantasies'.) The conceptual introduction of empathy was not intended to be a "discovery." Empathic moments in psychology existed long before Kohut. Instead, Kohut posited that empathy in psychology should be acknowledged as a powerful therapeutic tool, extending beyond "hunches" and vague "assumptions," and enabling empathy to be described, taught, and used more actively. Selfobjects Selfobjects are external objects that function as part of the "self machinery" – 'i.e., objects which are not experienced as separate and independent from the self'. They are persons, objects or activities that "complete" the self, and which are necessary for normal functioning. 'Kohut describes early interactions between the infant and his caretakers as involving the infant's "self" and the infant's "selfobjects"'. Observing the patient's selfobject connections is a fundamental part of self-psychology. For instance, a person's particular habits, choice of education and work, taste in life partners, may fill a selfobject-function for that particular individual. Selfobjects are addressed throughout Kohut's theory, and include everything from the transference phenomenon in therapy, relatives, and items (for instance Linus van Pelt's security blanket): they 'thus cover the phenomena which were described by Winnicott as transitional objects. Among 'the great variety of selfobject relations that support the cohesion, vigor, and harmony of the adult self ... [are] cultural selfobjects (the writers, artists, and political leaders of the group – the nation, for example – to which a person feels he belongs)'. If psychopathology is explained as an "incomplete" or "defect" self, then the self-objects might be described as a self-prescribed "cure". As described by Kohut, the selfobject-function (i.e. what the selfobject does for the self) is taken for granted and seems to take place in a "blindzone". The function thus usually does not become "visible" until the relation with the selfobject is somehow broken. When a relationship is established with a new selfobject, the relationship connection can "lock in place" quite powerfully, and the pull of the connection may affect both self and selfobject. Powerful transference, for instance, is an example of this phenomenon. Optimal frustration When a selfobject is needed, but not accessible, this will create a potential problem for the self, referred to as a "frustration" – as with 'the traumatic frustration of the phase appropriate wish or need for parental acceptance ... intense narcissistic frustration'. The contrast is what Kohut called "optimal frustration"; and he considered that, 'as holds true for the analogous later milieu of the child, the most important aspect of the earliest mother-infant relationship is the principle of optimal frustration. Tolerable disappointments ... lead to the establishment of internal structures which provide the basis for self-soothing.' In a parallel way, Kohut considered that the 'skilful analyst will ... conduct the analysis according to the principle of optimal frustration'. Suboptimal frustrations, and maladaptations following them, may be compared to Freud's trauma concept, or to problem solution in the oedipal phase. However, the scope of optimal (or other) frustration describes shaping every "nook and cranny" of the self, rather than a few dramatic conflicts. Idealizing Kohut saw idealizing as a central aspect of early narcissism. 'The therapeutic activation of the omnipotent object (the idealized parent image) ... referred to as the idealizing transference, is the revival during psychoanalysis' of the very early need to establish a mutual selfobject connection with an object of idealization. In terms of 'the Kleinian school ... the idealizing transference may cover some of the territory of so-called projective identification'. For the young child, ' idealized selfobjects "provide the experience of merger with the calm, power, wisdom, and goodness of idealized persons"'. Alter ego/twinship needs Alter ego/twinship needs refer to the desire in early development to feel alikeness to other human beings. Freud had early noted that 'The idea of the "double" ... sprung from the soil of unbounded self-love, from the primary narcissism which holds sway in the mind of the child.' Lacan highlighted 'the mirror stage ... of a normal transitivism. The child who strikes another says that he has been struck; the child who sees another fall, cries.' In 1960, 'Arlow observed, "The existence of another individual who is a reflection of the self brings the experience of twinship in line with the psychology of the double, of the mirror image and of the double".' Kohut pointed out that 'fantasies, referring to a relationship with such an alter ego or twin (or conscious wishes for such a relationship) are frequently encountered in the analysis of narcissistic personalities', and termed their transference activation 'the alter-ego transference or the twinship'. As development continues, so a greater degree of difference from others can be accepted. The tripolar self The tripolar self is not associated with bipolar disorder, but is the sum of the three "poles" of the body: "grandiose-exhibitionistic needs" "the need for an omnipotent idealized figure" "alter-ego needs" Kohut argued that 'reactivation of the grandiose self in analysis occurs in three forms: these relate to specific stages of development ... (1) The archaic merger through the extension of the grandiose self; (2) a less archaic form which will be called alter-ego transference or twinship; and (3) a still less archaic form ... mirror transference. Alternately, self psychologists 'divide the selfobject transference into three groups: (1) those in which the damaged pole of ambitions attempts to elicit the confirming-approving response of the selfobject (mirror transference); (2) those in which the damaged pole of ideals searches for a selfobject that will accept its idealisation (idealising transference); and those in which the damaged intermediate area of talents and skills seeks ... alter ego transference.' The tripolar self forms as a result of the needs of an individual binding with the interactions of other significant persons within the life of that individual. Cultural implications An interesting application of self psychology has been in the interpretation of the friendship of Freud and Jung, its breakdown, and its aftermath. It has been suggested that at the height of the relationship 'Freud was in narcissistic transference, that he saw in Jung an idealised version of himself', and that conversely in Jung there was a double mix of 'idealization of Freud and grandiosity in the self'. During Jung's midlife crisis, after his break with Freud, arguably 'the focus of the critical years had to be a struggle with narcissism: the loss of an idealized other, grandiosity in the sphere of the self, and resulting periods of narcissistic rage'. Only as he worked through to 'a new sense of himself as a person separate from Freud' could Jung emerge as an independent theorist in his own right. On the assumption that 'the western self is embedded in a culture of narcissism ... implicated in the shift towards postmodernity', opportunities for making such applications will probably not decrease in the foreseeable future. Criticism Kohut, who was 'the center of a fervid cult in Chicago', aroused at times almost equally fervent criticism and opposition, emanating from at least three other directions: drive theory, Lacanian psychoanalysis, and object relations theory. From the perspective of drive theory, Kohut appears 'as an important contributor to analytic technique and as a misguided theoretician ... introduces assumptions that simply clutter up basic theory. The more postulates you make, the less their explanatory power becomes.' Offering no technical advances on standard analytic methods in 'his breathtakingly unreadable The Analysis of the Self, Kohut simply seems to blame parental deficit for all childhood difficulties, disregarding the inherent conflicts of the drives: 'Where the orthodox Freudian sees sex everywhere, the Kohutian sees unempathic mothers everywhere – even in sex.' To the Lacanian, Kohut's exclusive 'concern with the imaginary', to the exclusion of the Symbolic meant that 'not only the patient's narcissism is in question here, but also the analyst's narcissism.' The danger in 'the concept of the sympathetic or empathic analyst who is led astray towards an ideal of devotion and samaritan helping ... [ignoring] its sadistic underpinnings' seemed only too clear. From an object relations perspective, Kohut 'allows no place for internal determinants. The predicate is that a person's psychopathology is due to unattuned selfobjects, so all the bad is out there and we have a theory with a paranoid basis.' At the same time, 'any attempt at "being the better parent" has the effect of deflecting, even seducing, a patient from using the analyst or therapist in a negative transference ... the empathic analyst, or "better" parent'. With the passage of time, and the eclipse of grand narrative, it may now be possible to see the several strands of psychoanalytic theory less as fierce rivals and more 'as complementary partners. Drive psychology, ego psychology, object relations psychology and self psychology each have important insights to offer twenty-first-century clinicians.' See also Metacognition True self and false self: Kohut References Category:Psychotherapy Category:Psychoanalysis by type Category:Self Category:Object relations theory

NGC 289

NGC 289 is a spiral galaxy in the southern constellation of Sculptor, located at a distance of from the Milky Way. It was discovered on September 27, 1834 by John Herschel. The compiler of the New General Catalogue, John Louis Emil Dreyer noted that NGC 289 was "pretty bright, large, extended, between 2 considerably bright stars". The plane of the galaxy is inclined by an angle of 45° to the line of sight from the Earth. This is a Type II Seyfert galaxy with an active galactic nucleus. A dust lane is seen crossing the nucleus, and there are indications of recent starburst activity nearby. NGC 289 is a giant, gas-rich, low surface brightness galaxy with a small bulge at the nucleus, a small central bar, and two inner spiral arms. These arms split into multiple parts as they extend into the outer disk. The galaxy has a dark matter halo that has an estimated 3.5 times the mass of the gaseous and stellar components. There is a dwarf elliptical companion to the north of the galaxy, designated Arp 1981, that may be having a perturbing influence. Gallery References External links Category:Barred spiral galaxies Category:Seyfert galaxies Category:Interacting galaxies 0289 Category:Sculptor (constellation) 18340927

England cricket team

The England cricket team represents England and Wales in international cricket. Since 1997, it has been governed by the England and Wales Cricket Board (ECB), having been previously governed by Marylebone Cricket Club (the MCC) since 1903. England, as a founding nation, is a Full Member of the International Cricket Council (ICC) with Test, One Day International (ODI) and Twenty20 International (T20I) status. Until the 1990s, Scottish and Irish players also played for England as those countries were not yet ICC members in their own right. England and Australia were the first teams to play a Test match (15–19 March 1877), and along with South Africa, these nations formed the Imperial Cricket Conference (the predecessor to today's International Cricket Council) on 15 June 1909. England and Australia also played the first ODI on 5 January 1971. England's first T20I was played on 13 June 2005, once more against Australia. , England have played 1,022 Test matches, winning 371 and losing 304 (with 347 draws). In Test series against Australia, England play for The Ashes, one of the most famous trophies in all of sport, and they have won the urn on 32 occasions. England have also played 746 ODIs, winning 375. They have appeared in the final of the Cricket World Cup four times, winning once in 2019; they have also finished as runners-up in two ICC Champions Trophies (2004 and 2013). England have played 117 T20Is, winning 58. They won the ICC T20 World Cup in 2010, and were runners-up in 2016. , England are ranked third in Tests, first in ODIs and third in T20Is by the ICC. History The first recorded incidence of a team with a claim to represent England comes from 9 July 1739 when an "All-England" team, which consisted of 11 gentlemen from any part of England exclusive of Kent, played against "the Unconquerable County" of Kent and lost by a margin of "very few notches". Such matches were repeated on numerous occasions for the best part of a century. In 1846 William Clarke formed the All-England Eleven. This team eventually competed against a United All-England Eleven with annual matches occurring between 1847 and 1856. These matches were arguably the most important contest of the English season if judged by the quality of the players. Early tours The first overseas tour occurred in September 1859 with England touring North America. This team had six players from the All-England Eleven, six from the United All-England Eleven and was captained by George Parr. With the outbreak of the American Civil War, attention turned elsewhere. English tourists visited Australia in 1861–62 with this first tour organised as a commercial venture by Messrs Spiers and Pond, restaurateurs of Melbourne. Most matches played during tours prior to 1877 were "against odds", with the opposing team fielding more than 11 players to make for a more even contest. This first Australian tour were mostly against odds of at least 18/11. The tour was so successful that Parr led a second tour in 1863–64. James Lillywhite led a subsequent England team which sailed on the P&O steamship Poonah on 21 September 1876. They played a combined Australian XI, for once on even terms of 11-a-side. The match, starting on 15 March 1877 at the Melbourne Cricket Ground came to be regarded as the inaugural Test match. The combined Australian XI won this Test match by 45 runs with Charles Bannerman of Australia scoring the first Test century. At the time, the match was promoted as James Lillywhite's XI v Combined Victoria and New South Wales. The teams played a return match on the same ground at Easter, 1877, when Lillywhite's team avenged their loss with a victory by four wickets. The first Test match on English soil occurred in 1880 with England victorious; this was the first time England fielded a fully representative side with W. G. Grace included in the team. 1880s England lost their first home series 1–0 in 1882, with The Sporting Times printing an obituary on English cricket: As a result of this loss, the tour of 1882–83 was dubbed by England captain Ivo Bligh as "the quest to regain the ashes". England, with a mixture of amateurs and professionals, won the series 2–1. Bligh was presented with an urn that contained some ashes, which have variously been said to be of a bail, ball or even a woman's veil, and so The Ashes was born. A fourth match was then played which Australia won by four wickets. However, the match was not considered part of the Ashes series. England dominated many of these early contests with England winning the Ashes series 10 times between 1884 and 1898. During this period England also played their first Test match against South Africa in 1889 at Port Elizabeth. 1890s England won the 1890 Ashes series 2–0, with the third match of the series being the first Test match to be abandoned. England lost 2–1 in the 1891–92 series, although England regained the urn the following year. England again won the 1894–95 series, winning 3–2 under the leadership of Andrew Stoddart. In 1895–96, England played South Africa, winning all Tests in the series. The 1899 Ashes series was the first tour where the MCC and the counties appointed a selection committee. There were three active players: Grace, Lord Hawke and Warwickshire captain Herbert Bainbridge. Prior to this, England teams for home Tests had been chosen by the club on whose ground the match was to be played. England lost the 1899 Ashes series 1–0, with Grace making his final Test appearance in the first match of the series. 1900s The start of the 20th century saw mixed results for England as they lost four of the eight Ashes series between 1900 and 1914. During this period, England lost their first series against South Africa in the 1905–06 season 4–1 as their batting faltered. England lost their first series of the new century to Australia in 1901–02 Ashes. Australia also won the 1902 series, which was memorable for exciting cricket, including Gilbert Jessop scoring a Test century in just 70 minutes. England regained the Ashes in 1904 under the captaincy of Pelham Warner. R. E. Foster scored 287 on his debut and Wilfred Rhodes took 15 wickets in a match. In 1905–06, England lost 4–1 against South Africa. England avenged the defeat in 1907, when they won the series 1–0 under the captaincy of Foster. However, they lost the 1909 Ashes series against Australia, suing 25 players in the process. England also lost to South Africa, with Jack Hobbs scoring his first of 15 centuries on the tour. 1910s England toured Australia in 1911–12 and beat their opponents 4–1. The team included the likes of Rhodes, Hobbs, Frank Woolley and Sydney Barnes. England lost the first match of the series but bounced back and won the next four Tests. This proved to be the last Ashes series before the war. The 1912 season saw England take part in a unique experiment. A nine-Test triangular tournament involving England, South Africa and Australia was set up. The series was hampered by a very wet summer and player disputes however and the tournament was considered a failure with the Daily Telegraph stating: With Australia sending a weakened team and the South African bowlers being ineffective England dominated the tournament winning four of their six matches. The match between Australia and South Africa at Lord's was visited by King George V, the first time a reigning monarch had watched Test cricket. England went on one more tour before the outbreak of the First World War, beating South Africa 4–0, with Barnes taking 49 wickets in the series. 1920s England's first match after the war was in the 1920–21 season against Australia. Still feeling the effects of the war England went down to a series of crushing defeats and suffered their first whitewash losing the series 5–0. Six Australians scored hundreds while Mailey spun out 36 English batsmen. Things were no better in the next few Ashes series losing the 1921 Ashes series 3–0 and the 1924–25 Ashes 4–1. England's fortunes were to change in 1926 as they regained the Ashes and were a formidable team during this period dispatching Australia 4–1 in the 1928–29 Ashes tour. On the same year the West Indies became the fourth nation to be granted Test status and played their first game against England. England won each of these three Tests by an innings, and a view was expressed in the press that their elevation had proved a mistake although Learie Constantine did the double on the tour. In the 1929–30 season England went on two concurrent tours with one team going to New Zealand (who were granted Test status earlier that year) and the other to the West Indies. Despite sending two separate teams England won both tours beating New Zealand 1–0 and the West Indies 2–1. 1930s The 1930 Ashes series saw a young Don Bradman dominate the tour, scoring 974 runs in his seven Test innings. He scored 254 at Lord's, 334 at Headingley and 232 at The Oval. Australia regained the Ashes winning the series 3–1. As a result of Bradman's prolific run-scoring the England captain Douglas Jardine chose to develop the already existing leg theory into fast leg theory, or bodyline, as a tactic to stop Bradman. Fast leg theory involved bowling fast balls directly at the batsman's body. The batsman would need to defend himself, and if he touched the ball with the bat, he risked being caught by one of a large number of fielders placed on the leg side. Using Jardine's fast leg theory, England won the next Ashes series 4–1, but complaints about the Bodyline tactic caused crowd disruption on the tour, and threats of diplomatic action from the Australian Cricket Board, which during the tour sent the following cable to the MCC in London: Later, Jardine was removed from the captaincy and the Laws of Cricket changed so that no more than one fast ball aimed at the body was permitted per over, and having more than two fielders behind square leg was banned. England's following tour of India in the 1933–34 season was the first Test match to be staged in the subcontinent. The series was also notable for Stan Nichols and Nobby Clark bowling so many bouncers that the Indian batsman wore solar toupées instead of caps to protect themselves. Australia won the 1934 Ashes series 2–1 and kept the urn for the following 19 years. Many of the wickets of the time were friendly to batsmen resulting in a large proportion of matches ending in high scoring draws and many batting records being set. England drew the 1938 Ashes, meaning Australia retained the urn. England went into the final match of the series at The Oval 1–0 down, but won the final game by an innings and 579 runs. Len Hutton made the highest ever Test score by an Englishman, making 364 in England first innings to help them reach 903, their highest ever score against Australia. The 1938–39 tour of South Africa saw another experiment with the deciding Test being a timeless Test that was played to a finish. England lead 1–0 going into the final timeless match at Durban. Despite the final Test being 'timeless', the game ended in a draw after 10 days as England had to catch the train to catch the boat home. A record 1,981 runs were scored, and the concept of timeless Tests was abandoned. England went on one final tour of the West Indies in 1939 before the Second World War, although a team for an MCC tour of India was selected more in hope than expectation of the matches being played. 1940s Test cricket resumed after the war in 1946, and England won their first match back against India. However, they struggled in the 1946–47 Ashes series, losing 3–0 in Australia under Wally Hammond's captaincy. England beat South Africa 3–0 in 1947 with Denis Compton scoring 1,187 runs in the series. The 1947–48 series against the West Indies was another disappointment for England, with the side losing 2–0 following injuries to several key players. England suffered further humiliation against Bradman's invincible side in the 1948 Ashes series. Hutton was controversially dropped for the third Test, and England were bowled out for just 52 at The Oval. The series proved to be Bradman's final Ashes series. In 1948–49, England beat South Africa 2–0 under the captaincy of George Mann. The series included a record breaking stand of 359 between Hutton and Cyril Washbrook. The decade ended with England drawing the Test series against New Zealand, with every match ending in a draw. 1950s Their fortunes changed on the 1953 Ashes tour as they won the series 1–0. England did not lose a series between their 1950–51 and 1958–59 tours of Australia and secured famous victory in 1954–55 under the captaincy of Peter May, thanks to Frank Tyson whose 6/85 at Sydney and 7/27 at Melbourne are remembered as the fastest bowling ever seen in Australia. The 1956 series was remembered for the bowling of Jim Laker who took 46 wickets at an average of 9.62, including figures of 19/90 at Old Trafford. After drawing to South Africa, England defeated the West Indies and New Zealand comfortably. The England team then left for Australia in the 1958–59 season with a team that had been hailed as the strongest ever to leave on an Ashes tour but lost the series 4–0 as Richie Benaud's revitalised Australians were too strong, with England struggling with the bat throughout the series. On 24 August 1959, England inflicted its only 5–0 whitewash over India. All out for 194 at The Oval, India lost the last test by an innings. England's batsman Ken Barrington and Colin Cowdrey both had an excellent series with the bat, with Barrington scoring 357 runs across the series and Cowdrey scoring 344. 1960s The early and middle 1960s were poor periods for English cricket. Despite England's strength on paper, Australia held the Ashes and the West Indies dominated England in the early part of the decade. May stood down as captain in 1961 following the 1961 Ashes defeat. Ted Dexter succeeded him as captain but England continued to suffer indifferent results. In 1961–62, they beat Pakistan, but also lost to India. The following year saw England and Australia tie the 1962–63 Ashes series 1–1, meaning Australia retained the urn. Despite beating New Zealand 3–0, England went on to lose to the West Indies, and again failed in the 1964 Ashes, losing the home series 1–0, which marked the end of Dexter's captaincy. However, from 1968 to 1971 they played 27 consecutive Test matches without defeat, winning 9 and drawing 18 (including the abandoned Test at Melbourne in 1970–71). The sequence began when they drew with Australia at Lord's in the Second Test of the 1968 Ashes series and ended in 1971 when India won the Third Test at The Oval by four wickets. They played 13 Tests with only one defeat immediately beforehand and so played a total of 40 consecutive Tests with only one defeat, dating from their innings victory over the West Indies at The Oval in 1966. During this period they beat New Zealand, India, the West Indies, and Pakistan, and under Ray Illingworth's leadership, regained The Ashes from Australia in 1970–71. 1970s The 1970s, for the England team, can be largely split into three parts. Early in the decade, Illingworth's side dominated world cricket, winning the Ashes away in 1971 and then retaining them at home in 1972. The same side beat Pakistan at home in 1971 and played by far the better cricket against India that season. However, England were largely helped by the rain to sneak the Pakistan series 1–0 but the same rain saved India twice and one England collapse saw them lose to India. This was, however, one of (if not the) strongest England team ever with the likes of Illingworth, Geoffrey Boycott, John Edrich, Basil D'Oliveira, Dennis Amiss, Alan Knott, John Snow and Derek Underwood at its core. The mid-1970s were more turbulent. Illingworth and several others had refused to tour India in 1972–73 which led to a clamour for Illingworth's job by the end of that summer – England had just been beaten 2–0 by a flamboyant West Indies side – with several England players well over 35. Mike Denness was the surprising choice but only lasted 18 months; his results against poor opposition were good, but England were badly exposed as ageing and lacking in good fast bowling against the 1974–75 Australians, losing that series 4–1 to lose the Ashes. Denness was replaced in 1975 by Tony Greig. While he managed to avoid losing to Australia, his side were largely thrashed the following year by the young and very much upcoming West Indies for whom Greig's infamous "grovel" remark acted as motivation. Greig's finest hour was probably the 1976–77 win over India in India. When Greig was discovered as being instrumental in World Series Cricket, he was sacked, and replaced by Mike Brearley. Brearley's side showed again the hyperbole that is often spoken when one side dominates in cricket. While his side of 1977–80 contained some young players who went on to become England greats, most notably future captains Ian Botham, David Gower and Graham Gooch, their opponents were often very much weakened by the absence of their World Series players, especially in 1978, when England beat New Zealand 3–0 and Pakistan 2–0 before thrashing what was effectively Australia's 2nd XI 5–1 in 1978–79. 1980s The England team, with Brearley's exit in 1980, was never truly settled throughout the 1980s, which will probably be remembered as a low point for the team. While some of the great players like Botham, Gooch and Gower had fine careers, the team seldom succeeded in beating good opposition throughout the decade and did not score a home Test victory (except against minnows Sri Lanka) between September 1985 and July 1990. Botham took over the captaincy in 1980 and they put up a good fight against the West Indies, losing a five match Test series 1–0, although England were humbled in the return series. After scoring a pair in the first Test against Australia, Botham lost the captaincy due to his poor form, and was replaced by Brearley. Botham returned to form and played exceptionally in the remainder of the series, being named man of the match in the third, fourth and fifth Tests. The series became known as Botham's Ashes as England recorded a 3–1 victory. Keith Fletcher took over as captain in 1981, but England lost his first series in charge against India. Bob Willis took over as captain in 1982 and enjoyed victories over India and Pakistan, but lost the Ashes after Australia clinched the series 2–1. England hosted the World Cup in 1983 and reached the semi-finals, but their Test form remained poor, as they suffered defeats against New Zealand, Pakistan and the West Indies. Gower took over as skipper in 1984 and led the team to a 2–1 victory over India. They went on to win the 1985 Ashes 3–1, although after this came a poor run of form. Defeat to the West Indies dented the team's confidence, and they went on to lose to India 2–0. In 1986, Micky Stewart was appointed the first full-time England coach. England beat New Zealand, but there was little hope of them retaining the Ashes in 1986–87. However, despite being described as a team that 'can't bat, can't bowl and can't field', they went on to win the series 2–1. After losing consecutive series against Pakistan, England drew a three match Test series against New Zealand 0–0. They reached the final of the 1987 World Cup, but lost by seven runs against Australia. After losing 4–0 to the West Indies, England lost the Ashes to a resurgent Australia led by Allan Border. With the likes of Gooch banned following a rebel tour to South Africa, a new look England side suffered defeat again against the West Indies, although this time by a margin of 2–1. 1990s If the 1980s were a low point for English Test cricket, then the 1990s were only a slight improvement. The arrival of Gooch as captain in 1990 forced a move toward more professionalism and especially fitness though it took some time for old habits to die. Even in 2011, one or two successful county players have been shown up as physically unfit for international cricket. Creditable performances against India and New Zealand in 1990 were followed by a hard-fought draw against the 1991 West Indies and a strong performance in the 1992 Cricket World Cup in which the England team finished as runners-up for the second consecutive World Cup, but landmark losses against Australia in 1990–91 and especially Pakistan in 1992 showed England up badly in terms of bowling. So bad was England's bowling in 1993 that Rod Marsh described England's pace attack at one point as "pie throwers". Having lost three of the first four Tests played in England in 1993, Gooch resigned to be replaced by Michael Atherton. More selectorial problems abounded during Atherton's reign as new chairman of selectors and coach Ray Illingworth (then into his 60s) assumed almost sole responsibility for the team off the field. The youth policy which had seen England emerge from the West Indies tour of 1993–94 with some credit (though losing to a seasoned Windies team) was abandoned and players such as Gatting and Gooch were persisted with when well into their 30s and 40s. England continued to do well at home against weaker opponents such as India, New Zealand and a West Indies side beginning to fade but struggled badly against improving sides like Pakistan and South Africa. Atherton had offered his resignation after losing the 1997 Ashes series 3–2 having been 1–0 up after two matches – eventually to resign one series later in early 1998. England, looking for talent, went through a whole raft of new players during this period, such as Ronnie Irani, Adam Hollioake, Craig White, Graeme Hick and Mark Ramprakash. At this time, there were two main problems: The lack of a genuine all-rounder to bat at 6, Botham having left a huge gap in the batting order when he retired from Tests in 1992. Alec Stewart, a sound wicket-keeper and an excellent player of quick bowling, could not open and keep wicket, hence his batting down the order, where he was often exposed to spin which he did not play as well. Stewart took the reins as captain in 1998, but another losing Ashes series and early World Cup exit cost him Test and ODI captaincy in 1999. This should not detract from the 1998 home Test series where England showed great fortitude to beat a powerful South African side 2–1. Another reason for their poor performances were the demands of County Cricket teams on their players, meaning that England could rarely field a full-strength team on their tours. This eventually led to the ECB taking over from the MCC as the governing body of England and the implementation of central contracts. 1992 also saw Scotland sever ties with the England and Wales team, and begin to compete as the Scotland national team. By 1999, with coach David Lloyd resigning after the World Cup exit and new captain Nasser Hussain just appointed, England hit rock bottom (literally ranked as the lowest-rated Test nation) after losing 2–1 to New Zealand in shambolic fashion. Hussain was booed on the Oval balcony as the crowd jeered "We've got the worst team in the world" to the tune of "He's Got the Whole World in His Hands". 2000s Central contracts were installed – reducing players workloads – and following the arrival of Zimbabwean coach Duncan Fletcher, England thrashed the fallen West Indies 3–1. England's results in Asia improved that winter with series wins against both Pakistan and Sri Lanka. Hussain's side had a far harder edge to it, avoiding the anticipated "Greenwash" in the 2001 Ashes series against the all-powerful Australian team. The nucleus the side was slowly coming together as players such as Hussain himself, Graham Thorpe, Darren Gough and Ashley Giles began to be regularly selected. By 2003 though, having endured another Ashes drubbing as well as another first-round exit from the World Cup, Hussain resigned as captain after one Test against South Africa. Michael Vaughan took over, with players encouraged to express themselves. England won five consecutive Test series prior to facing Australia in the 2005 Ashes series, taking the team to second place in the ICC Test Championship table. During this period England defeated the West Indies home and away, New Zealand, and Bangladesh at home, and South Africa in South Africa. In June 2005, England played its first ever T20 international match, defeating Australia by 100 runs. Later that year, England defeated Australia 2–1 in a thrilling series to regain the Ashes for the first time in 16 years, having lost them in 1989. Following the 2005 Ashes win, the team suffered from a spate of serious injuries to key players such as Vaughan, Giles, Andrew Flintoff and Simon Jones. As a result, the team underwent an enforced period of transition. A 2–0 defeat in Pakistan was followed by two drawn away series with India and Sri Lanka. In the home Test series victory against Pakistan in July and August 2006, several promising new players emerged. Most notable were the left-arm orthodox spin bowler Monty Panesar, the first Sikh to play Test cricket for England, and left-handed opening batsman Alastair Cook. The 2006–07 Ashes series was keenly anticipated and was expected to provide a level of competition comparable to the 2005 series. In the event, England, captained by Flintoff who was deputising for the injured Vaughan, lost all five Tests to concede the first Ashes whitewash in 86 years. In the 2007 Cricket World Cup, England lost to most of the Test playing nations they faced, beating only the West Indies and Bangladesh, although they also avoided defeat by any of the non-Test playing nations. Even so, the unimpressive nature of most of their victories in the tournament, combined with heavy defeats by New Zealand, Australia and South Africa, left many commentators criticising the manner in which the England team approached the one-day game. Coach Duncan Fletcher resigned after eight years in the job as a result and was succeeded by former Sussex coach Peter Moores. In 2007–08, England toured Sri Lanka and New Zealand, losing the first series 1–0 and winning the second 2–1. These series were followed up at home in May 2008 with a 2–0 home series win against New Zealand, with the results easing pressure on Moores – who was not at ease with his team, particularly star batsman Kevin Pietersen. Pietersen succeeded Vaughan as captain in June 2008, after England had been well beaten by South Africa at home. The poor relationship between the two came to a head on the 2008–09 tour to India. England lost the series 1–0 and both men resigned their positions, although Pietersen remained a member of the England team. Moores was replaced as coach by Zimbabwean Andy Flower. Against this background, England toured the West Indies under the captaincy of Andrew Strauss and, in a disappointing performance, lost the Test series 1–0. The 2009 Ashes series featured the first Test match played in Wales, at Sophia Gardens, Cardiff. England drew the match thanks to a last-wicket stand by bowlers James Anderson and Panesar. A victory for each team followed before the series was decided at The Oval. Thanks to fine bowling by Stuart Broad and Graeme Swann and a debut century by Jonathan Trott, England regained the Ashes. 2010s After a drawn Test series in South Africa, England won their first ever ICC world championship, the 2010 World Twenty20, with a seven-wicket win over Australia in Barbados. The following winter in the 2010–11 Ashes, they beat Australia 3–1 to retain the urn and record their first series win in Australia for 24 years. Furthermore, all three of their wins were by an innings – the first time a touring side had ever recorded three innings victories in a single Test series. Cook earned Man of the Series with 766 runs. England struggled to match their Test form in the 2011 Cricket World Cup. Despite beating South Africa and tying with eventual winners India, England suffered shock losses to Ireland and Bangladesh before losing in the quarter-finals to Sri Lanka. However the team's excellent form in the Test match arena continued and on 13 August 2011, they became the world's top-ranked Test team after comfortably whitewashing India 4–0, their sixth consecutive series victory and eighth in the past nine series. However, this status only lasted a year – having lost 3–0 to Pakistan over the winter, England were beaten 2–0 by South Africa, who replaced them at the top of the rankings. It was their first home series loss since 2008, against the same opposition. This loss saw the resignation of Strauss as captain (and his retirement from cricket). Cook, who was already in charge of the ODI side, replaced Strauss and led England to a 2–1 victory in India – their first in the country since 1984–85. In doing so, he became the first captain to score centuries in his first five Tests as captain and became England's leading century-maker with 23 centuries to his name. After finishing as runners-up in the ICC Champions Trophy, England faced Australia in back-to-back Ashes series. A 3–0 home win secured England the urn for the fourth time in five series. However, in the return series, they found themselves utterly demolished in a 5–0 defeat, their second Ashes whitewash in under a decade. Their misery was compounded by batsman Jonathan Trott leaving the tour early due to a stress-related illness and the mid-series retirement of spinner Graeme Swann. Following the tour, head coach Flower resigned his post while Pietersen was dropped indefinitely from the England team. Flower was replaced by his predecessor, Moores, but he was sacked for a second time after a string of disappointing results including failing to advance from the group stage at the 2015 World Cup. He was replaced by Australian Trevor Bayliss who oversaw an upturn of form in the ODI side, including series victories against New Zealand and Pakistan. In the Test arena, England reclaimed the Ashes 3–2 in the summer of 2015. England entered the 2019 Cricket World Cup as favourites, having been ranked the number one ODI side by the ICC for over a year prior to the tournament. However, shock defeats to Pakistan and Sri Lanka during the group stage left them on the brink of elimination and needing to win their final two games against India and New Zealand to guarantee progression to the semi-finals. This was achieved, putting their campaign back on track, and an eight-wicket victory over Australia in the semi-final at Edgbaston meant England were in their first World Cup final since 1992. The final against New Zealand at Lord's has been described as one of the greatest and most dramatic matches in the history of cricket, with some calling it the "greatest ODI in history", as both the match and subsequent Super Over were tied, after England went into the final over of their innings 14 runs behind New Zealand's total. England won by virtue of having scored more boundaries throughout the match, securing their maiden World Cup title in their fourth final appearance. Recent results Forthcoming fixtures As set out by the ICC's Future Tours Programme, below is England's full international fixture list until the end of the 2020–21 international season. The venues for the home games are in brackets. Winter 2019–20 March: English cricket team in Sri Lanka in 2019–20 for two Tests Summer 2020 June: West Indian cricket team in England in 2020 for three Tests July: Australian cricket team in England in 2020 for three ODIs and three T20Is August to September: Pakistani cricket team in England in 2020 for three Tests and three T20Is September: Irish cricket team in England in 2020 for three ODIs Winter 2020–21 September to October and January to March: English cricket team in India in 2020–21 for five Tests, three ODIs and three T20Is October to November: 2020 ICC World Twenty20 March to April: English cricket team in South Africa in 2020–21 for three ODIs and three T20Is Governing body The England and Wales Cricket Board (ECB) is the governing body of English cricket and the England cricket team. The Board has been operating since 1 January 1997 and represents England on the International Cricket Council. The ECB is also responsible for the generation of income from the sale of tickets, sponsorship and broadcasting rights, primarily in relation to the England team. The ECB's income in the 2006 calendar year was £77 million. Prior to 1997, the Test and County Cricket Board (TCCB) was the governing body for the English team. Apart from in Test matches, when touring abroad, the England team officially played as MCC up to and including the 1976–77 tour of Australia, reflecting the time when MCC had been responsible for selecting the touring party. The last time the England touring team wore the bacon-and-egg colours of the MCC was on the 1996–97 tour of New Zealand. Status of Wales Historically, the England team represented the whole of Great Britain in international cricket, with Scottish or Welsh national teams playing sporadically and players from both countries occasionally representing England. Scotland became an independent member of the ICC in 1994, having severed links with the TCCB two years earlier. Criticism has been made of the England and Wales Cricket Board using only the England name while utilising Welsh players such as Simon and Geraint Jones. With Welsh players pursuing international careers exclusively with an England team, there have been a number of calls for Wales to become an independent member of the ICC, or for the ECB to provide more fixtures for a Welsh national team. However, both Cricket Wales and Glamorgan County Cricket Club have continually supported the ECB, with Glamorgan arguing for the financial benefits of the Welsh county within the English structure, and Cricket Wales stating they are "committed to continuing to play a major role within the ECB" The absence of a Welsh cricket team has seen a number of debates within the Welsh Senedd. In 2013 a debate saw both Conservative and Labour members lend their support to the establishment of an independent Welsh team. In 2015, a report produced by the Welsh National Assembly's petitions committee, reflected the passionate debate around the issue. Bethan Jenkins, Plaid Cymru's spokesperson on heritage, culture, sport and broadcasting, and a member of the petitions committee, argued that Wales should have its own international team and withdraw from the ECB. Jenkins noted that Ireland (with a population of 6.4 million) was an ICC member with 6,000 club players whereas Wales (with 3 million) had 7,500. Jenkins said: "Cricket Wales and Glamorgan CCC say the idea of a Welsh national cricket team is 'an emotive subject', of course having a national team is emotive, you only have to look at the stands during any national game to see that. To suggest this as anything other than natural is a bit of a misleading argument." In 2017, the First Minister of Wales, Carwyn Jones called for the reintroduction of the Welsh one-day team stating: "[It] is odd that we see Ireland and Scotland playing in international tournaments and not Wales." Team colours England's kit is manufactured by New Balance, who replaced previous manufacturer Adidas in April 2017. When playing Test cricket, England's cricket whites feature the three lions badge on the left of the shirt and the name and logo of the sponsor NatWest on the right. English fielders may wear a navy blue cap or white sun hat with the ECB logo in the middle. Helmets are also coloured navy blue. Before 1997 the uniform sported the TCCB lion and stumps logo on the uniforms, while the helmets, jumpers and hats had the three lions emblem. In limited overs cricket, England's ODI and Twenty20 shirts feature the NatWest logo across the centre, with the three lions badge on the left of the shirt and the New Balance logo on the right. In ODIs, the kit comprises a blue shirt with navy trousers, whilst the Twenty20 kit comprises a flame red shirt and navy trousers. In ICC limited-overs tournaments, a modified kit design is used with sponsor's logo moving to the sleeve and 'ENGLAND' printed across the front. Over the years, England's ODI kit has cycled between various shades of blue (such as a pale blue used until the mid-1990s, when it was replaced in favour of a bright blue) with the occasional all-red kit. International grounds Listed chronologically in order of first match and include neutral fixtures such as World Cup and Champions Trophy games Tournament history Cricket World Cup *The win percentage excludes no results and counts ties as half a win. ICC T20 World Cup *The win percentage excludes no results and counts ties as half a win. ICC Champions Trophy *The win percentage excludes no results and counts ties as half a win. Honours ICC T20 World Cup (1): 2010 Cricket World Cup (1): 2019 Records Test matches Test team records Highest team total: 903–7 dec. v. Australia at The Oval in 1938 Lowest team total: 45 v. Australia at Sydney in 1886/87 England are the only team in the history of Test cricket to have secured 100 victories by an innings Test individual records Most matches: 161 Tests – Alastair Cook Longest-serving captain: 59 Tests – Alastair Cook Test batting records Most runs: 12,472 – Alastair Cook Best average: 60.73 – Herbert Sutcliffe Highest individual score: 364 – Len Hutton v. Australia at The Oval in 1938 Record partnership: 411 – Colin Cowdrey and Peter May v. West Indies at Edgbaston in 1957 Most centuries: 33 – Alastair Cook England's most prolific opening partnership was Jack Hobbs and Herbert Sutcliffe. In 38 innings, they averaged 87.81 for the first wicket, with 15 century partnerships and 10 others of 50 or more Most ducks: 35 – Stuart Broad Test bowling records Most wickets: 584 – James Anderson Best average: 10.75 – George Lohmann Best innings bowling: 10/53 – Jim Laker v. Australia at Old Trafford in 1956 Best match bowling: 19/90 – Jim Laker v. Australia at Old Trafford in 1956 Best strike rate: 34.1 – George Lohmann Best economy rate: 1.31 – William Attewell Five England bowlers have taken four wickets in an over, three of these at Headingley. They were Maurice Allom v. New Zealand at Christchurch in 1929–30, Kenneth Cranston v. South Africa at Headingley in 1947, Fred Titmus v. New Zealand at Headingley in 1965, Chris Old v. Pakistan at Edgbaston in 1978 and Andy Caddick v. West Indies at Headingley in 2000 Test fielding records Most catches by an outfielder: 175 – Alastair Cook Most dismissals as wicketkeeper: 269 – Alan Knott Most dismissals in an innings: 7 – Bob Taylor v. India at Bombay in 1979/80 Most dismissals in a match: 11 – Jack Russell v. South Africa at Johannesburg in 1995/96 Test record versus other nations One Day Internationals ODI team records Highest team total: 481/6 (50 overs) v. Australia at Trent Bridge in 2018 Lowest team total: 86 (32.4 overs) v. Australia at Old Trafford in 2001 ODI individual records Most matches: 213 – Eoin Morgan Longest-serving captain: 114 matches – Eoin Morgan ODI batting records Most runs: 6,624 – Eoin Morgan Best average: 51.25 –Jonathan Trott Best strike rate: 119.83 – Jos Buttler Highest individual score: 180 – Jason Roy v. Australia at Melbourne Cricket Ground in 2018 Record partnership: 256* – Alex Hales and Jason Roy v. Sri Lanka at Edgbaston in 2016 Most centuries: 16 – Joe Root Most ducks: 13 – Marcus Trescothick and Alec Stewart ODI bowling records Most wickets: 269 – James Anderson Best average: 19.45 – Mike Hendrick Best bowling: 6/31 – Paul Collingwood v. Bangladesh at Trent Bridge in 2005 Best strike rate: 32.7 – Andrew Flintoff Best economy rate: 3.27 – Mike Hendrick ODI fielding records Most catches by an outfielder: 108 – Paul Collingwood Most dismissals as wicketkeeper: 202 – Jos Buttler Most dismissals in a match: 6 – Alec Stewart v. Zimbabwe at Old Trafford in 2000; Matt Prior v. South Africa at Trent Bridge in 2008; Jos Buttler v. South Africa at The Oval in 2013 ODI record versus other nations T20 Internationals Where applicable, a minimum of 10 innings batted or 100 balls bowled applies. Figures include games up to 16 February 2020. T20I team records Highest team total: 241/3 v. New Zealand at McLean Park in 2019 Lowest team total: 80 v. India at Colombo (RPS) in 2012 T20I individual records Most matches: 89 – Eoin Morgan Longest-serving captain: 46 matches – Eoin Morgan T20I batting records Most runs: 2,138 – Eoin Morgan Best average: 52.11 – Dawid Malan Best strike rate: 153.77 – Dawid Malan Highest individual score: 116* – Alex Hales v. Sri Lanka at Chittagong in 2014 Record partnership: 182 – Dawid Malan and Eoin Morgan v. New Zealand at McLean Park in 2019 Most centuries: 1 – Alex Hales, Dawid Malan Most ducks: 9 – Luke Wright T20I bowling records Most wickets: 65 – Stuart Broad Best average: 16.84 – Graeme Swann Best bowling: 4/6 – Chris Jordan v. West Indies at St. Kitts and Nevis in 2019 Best strike rate: 11.0 – Mark Wood Best economy rate: 6.36 – Graeme Swann T20I fielding records Most catches by an outfielder: 37 – Eoin Morgan Most dismissals as wicketkeeper: 27 – Jos Buttler Most dismissals in an innings: 4 – Matt Prior v. South Africa at Cape Town in 2007 T20I record versus other nations Most England appearances These lists show the ten players (or those tied for 10th) with the most appearances for England in each form of the game. The lists are correct up to matches starting on 16 February 2020. † denotes players who are available for selection and have represented England in the format during the past 12 months. Squad This lists all the active players who have played for England in the past year (since 11 March 2019) and the forms in which they have played, and any players (in italics) outside this criteria who have been selected in the team's most recent squad. The ECB offers a number of central contracts in September each year to England players whom the selectors think will form the core of the team. Players can now gain contracts for Test and limited-overs (white-ball) cricket and in some cases both. Other players who play enough games during the year can also gain Incremental contracts. Key S/N = Shirt number C/T = Contract type (Test / White-ball / Incremental) Coaching staff Cricket Committee chairman: Andrew Strauss Managing director: Ashley Giles Head coach: Chris Silverwood Batting coach: Graham Thorpe Spin bowling consultant: Jeetan Patel Fielding coach: Paul Collingwood England Men's Cricketer of the Year At the start of each season the ECB presents the England Men's Cricketer of the Year award to "recognise outstanding performances in all formats of international cricket over the past year", voted on by members of the cricket media. The previous winners of this award are: 2006/07: Andrew Flintoff 2007/08: Ian Bell 2008/09: Kevin Pietersen 2009/10: Graeme Swann 2010/11: Jonathan Trott 2011/12: James Anderson 2012/13: Matt Prior 2013/14: Ian Bell 2014/15: Joe Root 2015/16: Joe Root Eligibility of players The England cricket team represents England and Wales. However, under ICC regulations, players can qualify to play for a country by nationality, place of birth or residence, so (as with any national sports team) some people are eligible to play for more than one team. ECB regulations state that to play for England, a player must be a British citizen, and have either been born in England or Wales, or have lived in England or Wales for three years. This has led to players who also held other nationalities becoming eligible to play for England. The qualification period for those born outside England and Wales has varied in the past, but in November 2018 the ECB announced that the period would be reduced to three years in all circumstances, in line with ICC regulations. Of the current squad (see above), Jason Roy was born to British parents in South Africa and Keaton Jennings was born in South Africa to a British mother – both had to fulfil residency requirements. In addition, Chris Jordan, Ben Stokes and Tom Curran have British citizenship, having lived in England since their youth, while Eoin Morgan also holds Irish citizenship. Curran's younger brother, Sam, was born in the UK, so did not have to have to undergo a qualification period. Jofra Archer, though born in Barbados to a Barbadian mother, qualifies through his English father. ICC regulations also allow cricketers who represent associate (i.e. non-Test-playing) nations to switch to a Test-playing nation, provided nationality requirements are fulfilled. In recent years, this has seen Irish internationals Ed Joyce, Boyd Rankin and Eoin Morgan switch to represent England, whilst Gavin Hamilton previously played for Scotland – though Joyce, Rankin and Hamilton were later able to re-qualify for and represent the countries of their birth. See also List of England cricket captains List of England cricket team coaches References Bibliography External links England and Wales Cricket Board Category:1877 establishments in the United Kingdom Category:Cricket in England Category:Cricket in Wales Category:England and Wales * Category:National cricket teams Cricket Cricket Category:Sports organisations of England Category:Wales in international cricket

Taiju Shiratori

is a Japanese kickboxer and former boxer fighting out of Tokyo, Japan. As of August 2019 he is ranked #3 Bantamweight in the world by Combat Press. Biography and Career In 2019 Taiju participates in the RISE World Series tournament, he earned the biggest win of his career during the semi-final when he defeated Rajadamnern Stadium champion Saeksan Or. Kwanmuang during a thrilling fight. On September 16, 2019 Shiratori won the RISE World Series -61kg Tournament and the 10 million yen cash prize by defeating Japanese Muay Thai star Genji Umeno in the first round. Titles and accomplishments Professional 2019 RISE World Series -61kg Tournament Champion 2019 RISE Lightweight Champion 2013 WPMF Japan Super Featherweight Champion Amateur 2010 All Japan Shin Karate K-3 Grand Prix Winner Kickboxing record See also List of male kickboxers References Category:Living people Category:1996 births Category:Japanese male kickboxers

Tra-Deon Hollins

Tra-Deon Hollins (born August 22, 1995) is an American professional basketball player for the Grand Rapids Drive of the NBA G League. Born in Omaha, he played for Omaha Central High School of his hometown. He started playing college basketball for Central CC-Columbus, before transferring to Chipola JC in 2014. In 2015, he moved to Division I college Omaha where he was named in the first team of the Summit League and earned the league's Defensive Player of the Year award in 2016 and 2017. Hollins was NCAA Division I steals leader in 2016. High school career Hollins played basketball for Omaha Central High School of his hometown. He won a spot in the varsity team as a freshman as a defensive specialist, routinely defending the opponents' best player. Hollins came up to win four consecutive Class A state championships from 2010 to 2013, playing along future Omaha Mavericks teammate Tre'Shawn Thurman. As a senior, he averaged 12.0 points and 5.8 rebounds per game, earning All-Nebraska first team honors. College career As he failed academically to play for a Division I school, Hollins enrolled to Central CC-Columbus of the NJCAA Division II. He appeared in 36 games for the school, averaging 17.1 points, 6.2 rebounds and 5.3 assists per game, while his 4.1 steals per game ranked first nationally in Division II. After one season at Central CC-Columbus, Hollins transferred to Chipola College in Marianna, Florida. He appeared in 9 games, averaging 13.6 points, 4.1 rebounds, 6.6 assists, and 4.6 steals per game, before on December 4, 2014, he was attacked with a gun while driving a friend's car. Although Hollins stated that he was "in the wrong place at the wrong time", in 6 December 2014, he was dismissed from both the basketball team and the college allegedly due to disciplinary reasons. After leaving Chipola, Hollins committed to Omaha. He stated that playing for the Mavericks was "a dream come true" and acknowledged the coaching staff's belief in him as the reason for committing to the college. Against South Dakota State, Hollins posted 28 points and 9 rebounds, both career-highs. For his performances in the 2015–16 season Hollins was named in the first team All-Summit and also received Defensive Player of the Year accolades in the Summit League. As a senior he was named in the preseason all-Summit first team. On 18 January 2017, in a game versus Denver, Hollins set the all-time steals record for Omaha with 192, finishing his career with a total of 234 steals in 64 games. For his performances during the season, he was named for a second consecutive season first-team all-Summit League and Defensive Player of the Year. Professional career After going undrafted in the 2017 NBA draft, Hollins signed his first professional contract in early July 2017 with Polish team AZS Koszalin, but his contract was terminated in September, just before the start of the season. In October 2017, the Fort Wayne Mad Ants selected Hollins in the 2017 NBA G League draft with the 21st pick. After making the Mad Ants' final roster for the season, he made his professional debut against in a 99–115 loss to the Long Island Nets posting numbers of 10 points, 4 rebounds, 2 steals and 1 assist. For the 2019–20 season, Hollins signed with the Grand Rapids Drive of the G League. See also List of NCAA Division I men's basketball season steals leaders References External links Omaha Mavericks bio NBA G League profile Category:1995 births Category:Living people Category:American expatriate basketball people in Canada Category:American men's basketball players Category:Basketball players from Nebraska Category:Chipola Indians men's basketball players Category:Fort Wayne Mad Ants players Category:Grand Rapids Drive players Category:Omaha Mavericks men's basketball players Category:Point guards Category:Sportspeople from Omaha, Nebraska Category:St. John's Edge players

Orohermes

Orohermes is a genus of fishflies in the family Corydalidae. There is one described species in Orohermes, O. crepusculus. References Further reading External links Category:Corydalidae Category:Articles created by Qbugbot

Competition Commission of Pakistan

The Competition Commission of Pakistan (CCP) is an independent agency of the Government of Pakistan for the enforcement of economic competition laws in Pakistan. It was created in 2007 by the President of Pakistan through the promulgation of the Competition Ordinance, 2007. References External links CCP official website Category:Pakistan federal departments and agencies Category:2007 establishments in Pakistan Category:Government agencies established in 2007 Category:Competition regulators Category:Consumer organisations in Pakistan Category:Financial regulatory authorities of Pakistan

Erythromycin 12 hydroxylase

Erythromycin 12 hydroxylase (, EryK) is an enzyme with systematic name erythromycin-D,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (12-hydroxylating) . This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction erythromycin D + NADPH + H+ + O2 erythromycin C + NADP+ + H2O Erythromycin 12 hydroxylase is responsible for the C-12 hydroxylation of the macrolactone ring. References External links Category:EC 1.14.13

Reducing Americans' Vulnerability to Ecstasy Act

The Reducing Americans' Vulnerability to Ecstasy Act, commonly known as the RAVE Act, was a bill proposed in the United States Senate during the 107th Congress. A substantially similar law, the Illicit Drug Anti-Proliferation Act was passed during the 108th Congress on April 30, 2003. Legislative history The bill was sponsored by Senator Joseph Biden, along with cosponsors Chuck Grassley, Orrin Hatch, Joseph Lieberman, Strom Thurmond, Patrick Leahy and Richard Durbin. The bill was referred to the Senate Committee on the Judiciary on June 18, 2002. June 27, 2002 it was reported out of the committee without written comment or amendment and placed on the Senate Legislative Calendar. On October 10, 2002, Senator Biden provided introductory remarks on the bill before the Senate. This bill was introduced to the Senate again on January 7, 2003 by Senator Thomas Daschle[SD] with co-sponsors; Senator Joseph Biden Jr. [D-DE], Senator Hillary Clinton [D-NY,] Senator Jon Corzine [D-NJ], Senator Mark Dayton [D-MN] Senator Richard Durbin [D-IL], Senator Edward Kennedy [D-MA], Senator Patrick Leahy [D-VT], Senator Patty Murray [D-WA], Senator Jack Reed [D-RI], Senator Charles Schumer [D-NY]. This bill also failed to pass. On Thursday (April 10, 2003) the Senate and House passed the Illicit Drug Anti-Proliferation Act (formerly known as the RAVE Act) as an attachment to the child abduction-related AMBER Alert Bill. The language of the original act was changed slightly before the bill was passed without public hearing, debate or a vote. Purpose The stated purpose of the Act was: "A bill to prohibit an individual from knowingly opening, maintaining, managing, controlling, renting, leasing, making available for use, or profiting from any place for the purpose of manufacturing, distributing, or using any controlled substance, and for other purpose." Substantive law changes of the Act The Act would have modified section 416(a) of the Controlled Substances Act (also known as the "crackhouse law" and codified at United States Code, ) to expand the section regarding "Establishment of manufacturing operations", which previously outlawed maintaining, managing or owning any place used to manufacture, distribute or use drugs to include temporary or permanent uses of the premises. The Act also would have created a civil penalty of $250,000 or "2 times the gross receipts, either known or estimated, that were derived from each violation that is attributable to the person.", whichever was greater. Additionally, the Act recommended that the United States Sentencing Commission reconsider the then-current Federal sentencing guidelines with respect to offenses involving Gamma-Hydroxybutyric acid, commonly known as a date rape drug. Public commentary on the Act Most of the public commentary regarding the RAVE Act centered on the prologue section of the bill titled "Findings." Such sections do not create new substantive law but serve as guidance to the judiciary in interpreting the law and the executive in enforcing the law. Among the items listed in the "Findings" section include statements regarding rave promoters providing "chill rooms" and bottled water for large fees, where participants can go and cool down from the body-temperature-raising effects of ecstasy; and selling "neon glow sticks; massage oils; menthol nasal inhalers; and pacifiers that are used to combat the involuntary teeth clenching associated with ecstasy." Specifically, many were concerned that these expansive definitions might permit the police to arrest and charge concert promoters under this law so long as glow sticks and bottled water were present. Congress was also accused of picking an easy, public target so as to continue support for the War on Drugs. Others were concerned that too much responsibility would be placed on concert promoters to police their patrons. Also, many were concerned that their First Amendment right to freedom of assembly would be violated were the law enacted. See also Retracted article on dopaminergic neurotoxicity of MDMA References Category:Drug culture Category:United States proposed federal legislation Category:Drugs in the United States

Original equipment manufacturer

An original equipment manufacturer (OEM) is a company that produces parts and equipment that may be marketed by another manufacturer. For example, Foxconn, a Taiwanese electronics company, manufactures parts and equipment for other companies including Apple, Dell, Google, Huawei and Nintendo. The term is also used in several other ways, which causes ambiguity. It sometimes means the maker of a system that includes other companies' subsystems, an end-product producer, an automotive part that is manufactured by the same company that produced the original part used in the automobile's assembly, or a value-added reseller. Automotive parts When referring to auto parts, OEM refers to the manufacturer of the original equipment, that is, the parts assembled and installed during the construction of a new vehicle. In contrast, aftermarket parts are those made by companies other than the OEM, which might be installed as replacements after the car comes out of the factory. For example, if Ford used Autolite spark plugs, Exide batteries, Bosch fuel injectors, and Ford's own engine blocks and heads when building a car, then car restorers and collectors consider those to be the OEM parts. Other-brand parts would be considered aftermarket, such as Champion spark plugs, DieHard batteries, Kinsler fuel injectors, and BMP engine blocks and heads. Many auto parts manufacturers sell parts through multiple channels, for example to car makers for installation during new-vehicle construction, to car makers for resale as automaker-branded replacement parts, and through general merchandising supply chains. Any given brand of part can be OEM on some vehicle models and aftermarket on others. Computer software Microsoft is a popular example of a company that issues its Windows operating systems for use by OEM computer manufacturers via the Bundling of Microsoft Windows. OEM product keys are priced lower than their retail counterparts, especially as they are purchased in bulk quantities. But they use the same software as retail versions of Windows. They are primarily for PC manufacturer OEMs and system builders, and as such are typically sold in volume licensing deals to a variety of manufacturers (Dell, HP, ASUS, Acer, Lenovo, Wistron, Inventec, Supermicro, Compal Electronics, Quanta Computer, Foxconn, Pegatron, Jabil, Flex, etc.). These OEMs commonly use a procedure known as System Locked Pre-installation, which pre-activates Windows on PCs that are to be sold via mass distribution. These OEMs commonly bundle software that is otherwise not pre-installed on Windows from Microsoft themselves, on the images of Windows that will be deployed with their PCs (appropriate hardware drivers, malware and maintenance software, various apps, etc). Individuals may also purchase OEM "system-builder" licenses for personal use (to include virtual hardware), or for sale/resale on PCs which they build. Per Microsoft’s EULA regarding PC manufacturers and system-builder OEM licenses, the product key is tied to the PC motherboard which it’s initially installed on, and there is typically no transferring the key between PCs afterward. This is in contrast to retail keys, which may be transferred, provided they are only activated on one PC at a time. A significant hardware change will trigger a reactivation notice, just as with retail. Direct OEMs are officially held liable for things such as installation/recovery media, and as such were commonly provided until the late-2000s. These were then phased out in favor of recovery partitions located on the primary storage drive of the PC (and available for order from the manufacturer upon request) for the user to repair or restore their systems to the factory state. This not only cut down on costs, but was also a consequence of the gradual obsolescence and phasing out of optical media from 2010 onward. System builders further have a different requirement regarding installation media from Direct OEMs. While clean retail media of Windows can be installed and activated on these devices with OEM keys (most commonly using the SLP key that's embedded in to the system firmware already), actual OEM recovery media that was created by the PC manufacturer (not system-builder, nor retail Windows versions) typically only works on the PC model line that was designed for it. So a recovery disc/USB for a Toshiba Satellite P50-B will only work on that model, and not a Satellite S55T. Economies of scale OEMs rely on their ability to drive down the cost of production through economies of scale. Also, using an OEM allows the purchasing company to obtain needed components or products without owning and operating a factory. See also Contract manufacturer Electronics manufacturing services (EMS) Open-design movement Open-source hardware Original design manufacturer (ODM) Outsourcing Private label Rebranding Secondary market Store brand Value-added reseller (VAR) References Category:Business terms Category:Manufacturing Category:Outsourcing

Aura, Finland

Aura () is a municipality of Finland. The name derives from the river Aura and the plough (aura in Finnish) reminiscent shape of the municipality. The municipality was established in 1917 from parts of Lieto and Pöytyä. It is part of the Varsinais-Suomi region. The municipality has a population of () and covers an area of of which is water. The population density is . The municipality is unilingually Finnish. References External links Municipality of Aura – Official website Category:Aura, Finland Category:Populated places established in 1917

Paricelinus hopliticus

Paricelinus hopliticus, the Thornback sculpin, is a species of sculpin native to the eastern Pacific Ocean from northern British Columbia, Canada to southern California, United States. It can be found from near the shore to deep. This species grows to a length of TL. This species is the only known member of its genus. References Category:Cottidae Category:Monotypic fish genera Category:Fish described in 1869

Metropolitan Routes in Pretoria

Pretoria, like most South African cities uses Metropolitan or "M" routes for important intra-city routes, a layer below National (N) roads and Regional (R) roads. Each city's M roads are independently numbered. Table of M roads Category:Roads in South Africa

Leptolalax zhangyapingi

Leptolalax zhangyapingi is a species of frog in the family Megophryidae from northern Thailand. Its type locality is Phang Num Poo, in Thep Sadet subdistrict, Doi Saket district, Chiang Mai Province, Thailand. References zhangyapingi Category:Amphibians described in 2013

Six Appeal

Six Appeal is a professional six-part male a cappella group from Minneapolis, Minnesota. Six Appeal tours nationally in the United States, and performs around 150 shows a year. History The group Six Appeal was founded in the fall of 2006 at Concordia College in Moorhead, Minnesota by Micheal Brookens and Jordan Roll. Originally a college hobby, performing at numerous campus events at Concordia. When the founders graduated in 2010, they moved their home base to Minneapolis Minnesota. Six Appeal became a full-time professional act at the end of 2011. The band's current membership consists of the founders Micheal Brookens and Jordan Roll, joined by Andrew Berkowitz, Reuben Hushagen, Trenard Jones and Jonathan Thalmann Discography Plan A (2013) Ugly Sweater Party (2014) Notable Awards and Performances On March 29, 2012, Six Appeal won an online competition to perform live with Recording Artist Andy Grammer. The performance took place in the Skyway Theater in Minneapolis Minnesota on March 30, 2013. On May 12, 2012, Six Appeal won the Harmony Sweepstakes A Cappella Festival, taking awards for Audience Favorite as well as Best Original Song. At the 2012 Pacific Northwest Harmony Sweepstakes regional event that Six Appeal won on their way to Nationals, they also won the awards for Audience Favorite, Best Original Song, and Best Original Arrangement. On October 19, 2012, Six Appeal headlined the Contemporary A Cappella Society's Chicago ACappellaFest collegiate competition. On January 2, 2013, Six Appeal performed the National Anthem for the 2013 Allstate Sugar Bowl at the New Orleans Mercedes-Benz Superdome. The performance was broadcast nationally live on ESPN. References External links Category:2006 establishments in Minnesota Category:Moorhead, Minnesota Category:Musical groups established in 2006 Category:Professional a cappella groups

Christian Sigsgaard

Christian Sigsgaard Petersen (born 14 March 1997) is a Danish tennis player. On the junior tour, Sigsgaard has a career high junior ranking of 147, achieved in February 2014. Playing for Denmark in Davis Cup, Sigsgaard has a win-loss record of 2–1. External links Category:1997 births Category:Living people Category:Danish male tennis players Category:People from Næstved Municipality

Irlams o' th' Height railway station

Irlams o' th' Height railway station was located on the Atherton Line between Manchester Victoria and Wigan Wallgate. The railway station was opened by the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway on 1 July 1901, some 14 years after the Atherton Line had opened in 1888. The station closed on 5 March 1956. The preceding station was Pendleton, the following station was Pendlebury, also both since demolished. The station was located at the bottom of Bank Lane (just over the boundary in Pendlebury), however this was to prove to be the station's downfall, as it was located too far away from the main population centre of Irlams o' th' Height. Although isolated from the population centre, the station was located close to various factories, as well as the extensive Agecroft Locomotive Shed (demolished in 1968). The station's construction differed from all the others along the line, its being constructed of planks of wood (both platform and buildings) rather than the usual yellow brick which is the standard along the line. The station was noteworthy because the station was staffed entirely by women during the First World War. References Category:Disused railway stations in Salford Category:Former Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway stations Category:Railway stations opened in 1901 Category:Railway stations closed in 1956

Zhou Zhimian

Zhou Zhimian (Chinese: 周之冕), courtesy name as Fuqin, sobriquet as Shaogu, is a noted Chinese painter in Ming Dynasty. His birth and death years are unknown. He was born in Changshu, Jiangsu Province. He excelled at bird-and-flower painting, especially domestic birds. He observed the birds flying and eating, and painted them in a pure and terse taste. References Category:Painters from Suzhou Category:Ming dynasty landscape painters Category:Year of death unknown Category:Year of birth unknown

W. D. Jones

William Daniel ("W.D.", "Bud", "Deacon") Jones (May 12, 1916 – August 20, 1974) was a member of the Barrow Gang, whose spree throughout the southern Midwest in the early years of the Great Depression became part of American criminal folklore. Jones ran with Clyde Barrow and Bonnie Parker for eight and a half months, from Christmas Eve 1932 to early September 1933. He and another gang member named Henry Methvin were consolidated into the "C. W. Moss" character in the 1967 film Bonnie and Clyde. "Moss was a dumb kid who run errands and done what Clyde told him," Jones later said. "That was me, all right." Early life James Zeberdie Jones (April 7, 1883 - January 27, 1923) and Tookie (née Garrison) Jones (August 8, 1884 - September 17, 1971) were sharecroppers in Henderson County, Texas with six children: five sons and a daughter. William was their second youngest child. After postwar cotton prices collapsed they gave up trying to farm, and circa 1921-22, in the same wave that brought the Barrow family and hundreds of other poor families from the country to the unwelcoming city, the Joneses settled in the industrial slum of West Dallas. It was a maze of tent cities and shacks without running water, gas or electricity, set on dirt streets amid smokestacks, oil refineries, "plants, quarries, lagoons, tank farms and burrow pits" on the Trinity River floodplain. It was while his family was living in the squatters' camp under the Oak Cliff Viaduct that William, then about five, first met Clyde Barrow, then age 11 or 12. When William was six years old his entire family was stricken by what was probably Spanish flu, which lingered after the 1918 pandemic in pockets of the United States where unhealthy conditions prevailed. His father and sister died in the same hour, his oldest brother two nights later, all of pneumonia (frequently the coup de grâce delivered by that strain of flu). Tookie Jones and four of her sons survived. Jones grew up illiterate. Before or after the illness that devastated his family he got partly through the first grade; he recalled that he left school to sell newspapers. He had been friends with LC Barrow, the youngest son of his mother's friend Cumie, since their families' first days in West Dallas. The Joneses and the Barrows were close: when Buck Barrow was to stand trial in San Antonio for car theft, Tookie and her two youngest boys accompanied the Barrows and their two youngest children as they traveled by horse and wagon, 300 miles south, to attend. Both boys had big brothers named Clyde; William's brother Clyde drove his wife and Marvin Barrow's girlfriend Blanche across the country to Tennessee in the summer of 1930 to see Marvin while he was on the lam. The Barrows, too, had been hit by disease in the West Dallas camp: Clyde, his father and his younger sister Marie were hospitalized by something so severe that years later Clyde was rejected by the Navy due to its lingering effects. Barrow Gang By age 15 or 16 W.D. Jones was known to the local police. He hung around the Barrows' service station on Eagle Ford Road, "entertained" older men, and collected license plates for LC's brothers to use on cars they stole; he was picked up in Dallas at least once "on suspicion" of car theft and was arrested with LC in Beaumont, Texas for car theft. On Christmas Eve 1932, Clyde Barrow and his friend Bonnie — already on the run, and glamorous outlaws to W.D. — stopped by home. Barrow was between assistants, and he and Parker brought Jones along with them when they left. The next afternoon in Temple, Texas, in a botched attempt at stealing a car, Jones or Barrow shot and killed the car's owner, grocery clerk Doyle Johnson, a 27-year-old new father. Newspaper accounts reported that the fatal shots came from the passenger side of the car. According to Jones, Barrow used this report to make sure Jones didn't leave the gang. Jones was indicted for Johnson's murder by a Bell County grand jury, but was not tried. On the night of January 6, 1933 in Dallas, the three stumbled into a trap set for another criminal and Barrow killed Tarrant County Deputy Malcolm Davis, shooting him point-blank in the chest with a 16-gauge shotgun. Jones and Parker were waiting in the car for Barrow and were as startled as the neighbors were when gunfire broke out. Jones "grabbed a gun and began blasting the landscape." Parker shouted to him to stop, that he might hit someone, and she circled the car around the block to catch up with Barrow. Though in his confession to police, Jones said that he was starting the motor while Parker fired her pistol out the passenger window, thirty-five years later, he told Playboy magazine, "As far as I know, Bonnie never packed a gun.... during the five big gun battles I was with them, she never fired a gun." In October 1934 Jones was tried and convicted as an accessory to Deputy Davis's murder as part of an arrangement with Dallas County Sheriff R.A."Smoot" Schmid. After the murder of Malcolm Davis, Barrow, Parker and Jones lay low. They drove through the hills of Missouri and Arkansas and may have wandered as far east as Tennessee. They made news only on the night of January 26, when they kidnapped Springfield, Missouri police officer Thomas Persell. Twice in early spring they dressed up and photographed each other and their gun collection beside the road. They saw how their pictures came out at the same time as thousands of newspaper readers: in April the rolls of film were captured by police, developed, and published. The playful pictures brought unintended consequences, particularly one of Bonnie Parker squinting defiantly at the camera, her foot planted on the bumper of a stolen car, a gun at her outthrust hip and a cigar hanging from her mouth. Dallas County Deputy Sheriff Ted Hinton recalled that the "brazen pride" displayed in the pictures made law enforcement officers that much more determined to catch them. The three returned to Dallas on March 24 or 25 and learned that on March 23, Clyde's older brother Buck had been pardoned from Huntsville penitentiary. On the night of March 25 they surprised Buck and his wife Blanche at Blanche's mother's home and persuaded Buck to vacation with them in strategically located Joplin, Missouri. Joplin, Missouri Jones was a combatant in the April 13, 1933 Joplin shootout with law officers in which Constable Wes Harryman and motor detective Harry McGinnis were killed by shotgun. Police estimated that this infamous shootout lasted about one minute, from first shot to last. The most serious injury to the Barrows was to W.D. Jones. He was struck in the left side, possibly by a shot fired through the garage's glass window by Detective McGinnis or through the still-open garage door by Officer Harryman's only fired round, though Officer Kahler of the Missouri State Highway Patrol, recalling the battle in 1980, said that he himself shot Jones below the right shoulder blade, many seconds after the two fatally wounded officers were down. The Barrows fled westward; they stopped once at a gas station for aspirin and rubbing alcohol. They moved Jones into the front seat and wrapped him in the blanket that usually covered the guns; Parker pried open his wound with knitting needles and poured rubbing alcohol into it. In the Texas Panhandle, somewhere near Shamrock or Amarillo, they pulled over to examine their wounds. "Clyde wrapped an elm branch in gauze and pushed it through the hole in my side and out my back. The bullet had gone clean through me so we knew it would heal." The unexpected viciousness of the apartment dwellers' response, the haul of weaponry recovered, and especially the rolls of film they left behind made the Barrow Gang suddenly wanted and recognizable far beyond Texas. In their immediate descriptions of the gun battle the police officers remembered only two shooters, whom they named as Clyde and Buck Barrow; no witness remembered a third man. Jones was never correctly identified while he was with Clyde Barrow; when he had to introduce himself during his time with the Barrows he used the name "Jack Sherman." From the Joplin photos police variously identified him as Buck Barrow, Pretty Boy Floyd and Hubert Bleigh. Ruston, Louisiana Two weeks later on April 27, in the middle of a car theft in Ruston, Louisiana, still not recovered from his Joplin wounds and perhaps tired of the constant bickering in the car as well as afraid for his life, Jones disappeared from the gang. (A fictionalized version of the Ruston car theft and subsequent kidnapping is the Gene Wilder-Evans Evans segment in Bonnie and Clyde.) According to his statement to Dallas police November 18, "[T]hey [the Barrow brothers] put me out of the car to steal a Chevrolet automobile for them. I saw this was my chance to escape and I jumped in this car and made my getaway and came back to Dallas, Texas." The car he stole in Ruston was found 130 miles away, at the edge of the Mississippi River, in the eastern Arkansas railroad town of McGehee. Clyde didn't want to believe that the docile W.D. had deliberately abandoned the gang, but to Buck it was obvious, and a relief, that "the kid" had. Jones made his way back to Dallas and spoke with Mrs. Barrow at least once while he was there. In late May the gang sent Blanche to Dallas to bring money and news to the families; Barrow instructed her to bring Jones with her to their rendezvous. When Blanche passed this request on, both mothers were polite, but demurred; Mrs. Barrow told Blanche faintly that "she did not know if he wanted to go with Clyde or not"; LC and Mrs. Parker at least pretended to try to find him. Barrow arranged at least one more meeting, expressly asking his mother to find and return Jones then, but to no avail. Finally he and Parker drove into Dallas and picked him up themselves, on June 8 or 9. In his statement to Dallas police Jones said, "[A]bout two o'clock in the afternoon.... I was walking along the road intending to go down to the lake and to go to a dance at the Five Point Dancehall that night. Bonnie Parker and Clyde Barrow drove up from behind me and stopped. They were in a V8 Coupe....They spoke to me and told me to get in the car and I got in. They asked me if I wanted to go with them, and I told them I did not, and Clyde said I was going anyway, and I did." After this, even when the five-person gang had two cars, "Clyde always wanted W.D. to be in the car with him." Wellington, Texas On the night of June 10, racing to meet Buck and Blanche in Oklahoma, Barrow was traveling too fast to notice a detour sign at the bridge over the Salt Fork of the Red River outside Wellington, Texas. "Suddenly the road disappeared." The car sailed into the air, turning over as it went, and crashed into the dry riverbed, rolling several times and coming to rest on its side. Battery acid poured onto Bonnie Parker, eating away the flesh of her right leg as she screamed and struggled. A farm family came to their aid, but quickly contacted police; "Bonnie told me I fired a shotgun there which wounded a woman in the hand." Barrow and Jones kidnapped the responding officers, Sheriff George Corry and Marshal Paul Hardy, to make their escape. "Bonnie never got over that burn. Even after it healed over, her leg was drawn under her. She had to just hop or hobble along." Barrow, who limped himself, accommodated the new delays, expenses and detours her disability created in his life without hesitation, and while she healed he or Jones carried her wherever she needed to go. The gang holed up in a tourist cabin in Fort Smith, Arkansas, tending Parker, unable to move on until she recovered — or died — from her catastrophic injury. "She'd been burned so bad none of us thought she was gonna live. The hide on her right leg was gone, from her hip down to her ankle. I could see the bone at places." During this time Barrow's love for Parker drove him to put his own life on the line several times to try to help her. Fayetteville, Arkansas With Barrow's attention focused on Parker, the problem of acquiring food and rent money fell to Buck and Jones. On June 23, as the two were fleeing the scene of a clumsy grocery store robbery fifty miles away in Fayetteville, they crested a hill on Highway 71 and smashed into the back of a slower moving vehicle. The driver climbed out of his car and grabbed two rocks; the Barrows jumped out of their car, Buck with a shotgun and Jones with a BAR. Town Marshal Henry Humphrey of Alma and Crawford County Deputy Sheriff Ansel M. "Red" Salyers were also on Highway 71, driving toward Fayetteville to investigate the grocery store robbery. In the opposite lane the first car passed them — they waved to the driver, whom they knew — then seconds later came the speeding V-8. They heard the crash and turned around, and at the scene they recognized the V-8's Kansas plate. As Marshal Humphrey drew his gun and got out of the car, Buck shot him in the chest. Jones fired a round from the BAR at Salyers. Salyers ducked behind his car and fired back with a rifle, then as Jones fumbled to reload he dashed toward a farmhouse. Buck's shotgun had jammed; he ran to Salyers's car, yelling to Jones to get Humphrey's pistol. From the farmhouse a hundred yards away, Salyers took aim and managed to shoot off two of Jones's fingertips as the robbers careered away in his automobile. A few miles from Fort Smith Buck and Jones hijacked a couple's car at gunpoint, then realized the roads into Fort Smith were blocked. The car was found abandoned in the mountains. They staggered in the door of the tourist cabin ten hours after they had left. The Barrow Gang packed up what they could and decamped. The next month, Deputy Salyers drove 500 miles to a hospital in Perry, Iowa, to get a final statement from the dying Buck Barrow. Barrow admitted to Salyers that he had murdered Marshal Humphrey, and that he and the man with him — who he finally confessed was "Jack Sherman"— had been shooting to kill them both. Officer Humphrey's pistol was found in the Barrows' debris at Dexfield Park. In November, Jones told police that he had been stunned in the car crash and his memory of any ensuing action was hazy, but he was confident that only Buck was shooting. He did remember standing in the highway looking for a gold ring he had lost. However, the following February at the harboring trial, Jones read a statement in which he said both he and Buck had killed Humphrey. Platte City and Dexfield Park On July 20 around 1:00 a.m, thirteen lawmen led by Sheriff Holt Coffey, protecting themselves from expected machine gun fire with metal shields, advanced on the double cabin at the Red Crown Tourist Court in Platte City, Missouri. In the ensuing firefight Buck Barrow was shot in the head as he and Blanche ran to get inside the garage. Jones had started the V8's engine but was afraid to open the garage door, then was afraid to help Blanche drag Buck inside. As they flew toward the highway Blanche was partly blinded by shards of glass from the car's exploding windows. Clyde drove them north two hundred miles, running for a long time on flats, then rims, the floor of the car sloshing with Buck's blood. State and federal agents tracked them north following reports of blood-soaked and burned clothes and bandages in fields and on the sides of the road. The Barrow Gang finally hid in a brake of trees at the edge of an abandoned amusement park outside Dexter, Iowa. They attempted to leave the park the next day but, helplessly, returned: Buck's injuries were too severe. During the night of July 24 nearly one hundred law officers, National Guardsmen and interested, armed, mostly deputized citizens — some with dates — crept up to the edges of the field, and as the sun rose a new shootout began. Parker, Barrow and Jones were badly wounded. Buck, unable to run, was shot six more times, and he and Blanche, who would not leave him, were captured. "Half stumbling, half swimming," Jones dragged and carried Parker a mile and a half while Barrow fought away the last of the posse. Bonnie told her sister that as she and W.D. hid in the brush, their wounds dripping blood, they heard distant gunfire and then a long silence. Bonnie began to weep and to wish they had a gun with them, so she could die with Clyde. But at last, Barrow crawled out of the woods. Gesturing with an empty pistol he commandeered a car from a farmer and the trio escaped. They kept driving. Throughout August they plied the back roads from Nebraska to Minnesota to Mississippi, pausing in only the smallest towns to steal fresh cars and money for gas and food. They slept in the cars, parked in remote fields or woods or in ravines; the following winter, Barrow observed that he hadn't slept in a bed or even changed his clothes since his brother Buck was killed. Near the end of the month Barrow and Jones rebuilt the gang's security by robbing the armory at Plattville, Illinois of more BARs, handguns and ammunition. Jones was as loyal a subordinate as Clyde and Bonnie could have hoped for, but he did not want to accompany them into death or even any farther into pain and fear. They were aware that Jones wanted to leave them. Nevertheless, Jones stayed until Barrow and Parker were well enough to take care of themselves without help before leaving. "I left Clyde and Bonnie after they was healed up enough to get by without me.... I'd had enough blood and hell." According to Barrow family members, the three made their way back to West Dallas and split up there on September 7. This may have been the story Clyde and Bonnie told. According to W.D., they were forty miles outside of Clarksdale, Mississippi on the night in early September when he saw a way to escape. They had just stolen a new car and Barrow had given him $2.12 to fill its tank. Jones put in a few gallons, then drove ahead as if to find a secluded place to stop and change cars. But when he was out of Barrow's sight he turned down a country road, turned off the car's headlights, and sped up. After a few miles he left the car and fled for his mother's home in Houston. Arrest and sentence Jones kept a low profile after his return to Houston, picking cotton and digging vegetables on area farms to support himself, but on November 16 he was arrested without incident in Houston by Dallas County deputies Bob Alcorn and Ed Caster, who drove him to the Dallas County jail. An acquaintance in Houston had identified him to police as the mystery Barrow accomplice. It is possible that Barrow coached Jones on what to say if he was ever arrested, or that the two of them agreed on a basic theme for Jones's official story: that Clyde, Bonnie and Buck had done all shooting and robbing and that W.D., a minor child, was an unwilling member of the gang, forced to ride with them at gunpoint, unconscious with fear or trauma most of the time, and chained to trees and car bumpers at night. Jones may or may not have had Barrow's blessing to blame every serious transgression on those who had nothing to lose, but on November 18, 1933, he relayed to Dallas police just such a story. Dallas possession of an important Barrow Gang member was an ace up the sleeve for the politically ambitious Sheriff Schmid, who kept Jones a secret for ten days, perhaps hoping Clyde Barrow would try to storm the jail and break Jones out. Jones for his part insisted that he was grateful to be safely behind bars. On the night of November 22 the sheriff and his deputies Alcorn, Caster and Hinton bungled an ambush of Barrow and Parker in Sowers, Texas, on the outskirts of Dallas. The Dallas press jeered loudly — even the newsboys hawked the story as "Sheriff escapes from Clyde Barrow!" — until Schmid put W.D. Jones on display. Wide-eyed and "shaking with fear," Jones met the press; his deal with Sheriff Schmid was apparent in the sensational headline, "Saw Clyde Shoot Deputy." Jones and the sheriff agreed that he would be tried as an accessory to Clyde Barrow's January 6 murder in Dallas of Deputy Davis, which would protect him against extradition to Arkansas for the June 23 shootout on Highway 71 in which Marshal Humphrey was killed. "They tried me for killing a sheriff's man at Dallas," Jones told Playboy in 1968. "Clyde done it, but I was glad to take the rap. Arkansas wanted to extradite me, and I sure didn't want to go to no Arkansas prison. I figure now that if Arkansas had got me, one of them skeletons they've dug up there might have been me." Jones was in the Dallas County jail on the morning of May 23, 1934, when Barrow and Parker were ambushed and killed on the Sailes-Gibsland road in north Louisiana. When reporters crowded in to tell him the news, he said, "I admit that I am relieved," and shook his head. At his trial the following October all state witnesses recommended against the death penalty. Jones was convicted of a crime codified in 1931, "murder without malice." Though the district attorney and the prosecuting attorney recommended a sentence of 99 years, on October 12 the jury handed down a sentence of fifteen years. In February 1935 Jones and nineteen other family members and associates of Barrow and Parker were defendants in the federal government's test-case trial en masse for "harboring." He received the maximum sentence for harboring, two years, applied to run concurrently with his Texas sentence. After six years in the Huntsville penitentiary he was paroled. After the Barrow Gang "There's a bullet in my chest, I think from a machine gun, birdshot in my face and buckshot in my chest and right arm." "When I tried to join the Army in World War Two after I got out of prison, them doctors turned me down because their X-rays showed four buckshot and a bullet in my chest and part of a lung blown away". Jones lived the rest of his life in Houston, for many years next door to his mother. He married, but his wife died in the mid-1960s. He became addicted to pain-killing drugs. After 1967, the year Arthur Penn's romanticized film ignited a new generation's interest in the Barrow Gang, his arrests made the local news. Jones said of Bonnie and Clyde, "[It] made it all look sort of glamorous, but like I told them teenaged boys sitting near me at the drive-in showing: 'Take it from an old man who was there. It was hell.'" Local TV reporters had brought him to see the film. In 1968 Jones described his life on the run with Bonnie and Clyde in a colorful interview with Playboy magazine and spoke here and there to young people warning them away from the life of crime. Later in the year he filed a petition against Warner Bros.-Seven Arts, charging that the filmmakers, who had never contacted him, had maligned his character by implying that he had played a role in the betrayal of Barrow and Parker. Nothing came of the filing. "I've never lived it down," he said of his outlaw days. "I've tried but I guess I never will." In the early morning hours of August 20, 1974 Jones accompanied an acquaintance to a friend's home where she thought she would be given a place to sleep. The friend did not allow her in, an altercation ensued, and at 3:55 a.m. the friend shot Jones three times with a 12-gauge shotgun. "The man told police that Jones was a 'nice' person when sober but that he knew of Jones' reputation and was afraid of him." He was buried on August 22 at Brookside Memorial Park in Houston. Date of birth Marie Barrow, born in 1918, remembered Jones as being the same age as her brother LC, who was born in 1913, and that therefore he was not a minor in 1933. She may have confused Jones's birthday with Ray Hamilton's, May 21, 1913. In 1950 Jones filled out Social Security forms stating that he was born May 12, 1916, the same date he gave Dallas police in his November 1933 confession; in 1968 he told Playboy he was 16 on Christmas Eve 1932 and that Clyde Barrow was seven years older than he. A news article noting an arrest in September 1973 gives his age as 59. His death certificate gives his age as 58 and lists his birthday as May 15. Since he filled out his Social Security forms himself, while a relative filled out his death certificate, it would be safe to assume that his birthday is May 12 — however, May 15, 1916 is the date on his gravestone.(NOTE added February 2015) — According to the 1920 federal census of Van Zandt County, Texas, J.Z. (James) and Tookie Jones were parents of the following children: Garrison - age 16; Slennie - age 13; Clyde - age 10; Herbert - age 7; and W.D. - age 3. (Another son, Roy Lee, was born in 1920, after the census information was taken). This supports W.D. Jones' claim of 1916 as his year of birth. He was listed as three years old as of January 15, the day the census enumerator visited. References Bibliography Barrow, Blanche Caldwell, edited by John Neal Phillips (2005). My Life with Bonnie and Clyde. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. . Bonnie and Clyde Joplin Shootout Documents. Joplin, Missouri Police Department FBI file 26-4114, four volumes of files held by the FBI that document the pursuit of the Barrow Gang. FBI Records and Information Guinn, Jeff (2009). Go Down Together: The True, Untold Story of Bonnie and Clyde. New York: Simon & Schuster. . Hinton, Ted, as told to Larry Grove (1979). Ambush: The Real Story of Bonnie and Clyde. Austin, Tex.: Shoal Creek Publishers, Inc. . Jones confession, November 18, 1933. Transcribed, W.D. Jones account. Dexter, Iowa Community Website The original transcript of the first part of Jones's confession is reproduced at FBI file 26-4114 Section Sub A, pp. 59–62. FBI Records and Information Jones, W.D. "Riding with Bonnie and Clyde." Playboy November 1968. Transcribed, Cinetropic Interview with Officer George B. Kahler (ret.), 1980. To Serve and Protect: A Collection of Memories (2006). Missouri State Highway Patrol, pp. 16–25. Knight, James R. and Jonathan Davis (2003). Bonnie and Clyde: A Twenty-First Century Update. Austin, TX: Eakin Press. . Methvin v. Oklahoma (selection). The Trial of Henry Methvin Milner, E.R. (1996). The Lives and Times of Bonnie and Clyde. Carbondale: University of Southern Illinois Press. . Parker, Emma Krause, Nell Barrow Cowan, and Jan I. Fortune (1968). The True Story of Bonnie and Clyde. New York: New American Library. . Originally published in 1934 as Fugitives. Phillips, John Neal (2002). Running with Bonnie & Clyde: The Ten Fast Years of Ralph Fults. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. . Ramsey, Winston G., ed. (2003). On The Trail of Bonnie and Clyde, Then and Now. London: After The Battle Books. . External links A few seconds of newsreel footage of the of February 1935. "Rampage Road: On the Trail of Bonnie and Clyde." The Dallas News Architectural description, floor plan and photos of the interior and exterior of the Joplin garage apartment: Application for "Bonnie and Clyde Garage Apartment." National Register of Historic Places W.D.'s grave on video: Category:Depression-era gangsters Category:American bank robbers Category:American outlaws Category:Deaths by firearm in Texas Category:People from Henderson County, Texas Category:1916 births Category:1974 deaths Category:Barrow Gang Category:People from Dallas

National Committee on Foreign Medical Education and Accreditation

The National Committee on Foreign Medical Education and Accreditation is a committee within the US Department of Education. It is responsible for assessing the accreditation standards of non-US medical schools and determining if those standards are "comparable" with US standards. The Committee does not license or accredit foreign medical schools directly. References External links Website Category:Medical education in the United States

Provincial Congress

The Provincial Congresses were extra-legal legislative bodies established in some of the Thirteen Colonies early in the American Revolution. Some were referred to as congresses while others used different terms for a similar type body. These bodies were generally renamed or replaced with other bodies when the provinces declared themselves states. Overview Colonial government in America was a systems of governance modeled after the British government of the time, with the king corresponding to the governor, the House of Commons to the colonial assembly, and the House of Lords to the governor's council. Colonial assemblies did not believe that the British Parliament had authority over them to impose taxes (or certain other laws), that it was the colonial assembly’s duty to decide what should be imposed on their fellow colonists (the Massachusetts Circular Letter was an example of that argument). Legally, the crown governor's authority was unassailable, but assemblies began to resist efforts by some governors and royal officials to enforce acts of Parliament or to raise local taxes that governors demanded. In resisting that authority, assemblies resorted to arguments based upon natural rights and the common welfare, giving life to the notion that governments derived, or ought to derive, their authority from the consent of the governed. Committees of correspondence were formed as shadow governments in the Thirteen colonies prior to the American Revolution. During the First Continental Congress (in 1774), committees of inspection were formed to enforce the Continental Association trade boycott with Britain in response to the British Parliament’s Intolerable Acts. By 1775, the committees had become counter-governments that gradually replaced royal authority and took control of local governments. Known as the Committees of Safety, they regulated the economy, politics, morality, and militia of their individual communities. After the British Proclamation of Rebellion and the King’s speech before Parliament (27 October 1775) the colonies moved towards independence. Provisional governments began to create new state constitutions and governments. Committees of safety were a later outcome of the committees of correspondence. Committees of safety were executive bodies that governed during adjournments of, were created by, and derived their authority from provincial assemblies or congresses. In some colonies there were little or no changes to their assemblies until statehood. They had no need of a provisional legislative body since their governors did not dissolve or prevent the legislative assemblies from meeting. This was the case in the Charter colonies with more autonomy, such as Connecticut and Rhode Island, which elected colonial governors who were aligned with their assemblies. (Connecticut Governor Jonathan Trumbull and Rhode Island Governor Nicholas Cooke served as both the last colonial governors and first state governors). The Delaware Colony was a proprietary colony under Governor John Penn of the Province of Pennsylvania, which included the “Lower Counties of the Delaware", but it maintained a separate Delaware assembly. It was generally allowed more independence of action in their colonial assembly than in other colonies. List of Provincial Congresses and Bodies Georgia Provincial Congress Maryland's Assembly of Freemen (Annapolis Convention) Massachusetts Provincial Congress New Hampshire Provincial Congress Provincial Congress of New Jersey New York Provincial Congress North Carolina Provincial Congress Pennsylvania Provincial Conference South Carolina Provincial Congress Virginia Conventions See also Colonial government in the Thirteen Colonies Continental Congress References Category:American Revolution

Trigonodera

Trigonodera is a genus of wedge-shaped beetles in the family Ripiphoridae. There are at least three described species in Trigonodera. Species These three species belong to the genus Trigonodera: Trigonodera nubila Gerstaecker, 1855 Trigonodera schaefferi Rivnay, 1929 Trigonodera tokejii (Nomura & Nakane, 1959) References Further reading Category:Tenebrionoidea Category:Articles created by Qbugbot

Mutinies of the 2000 Fijian coup d'état

Two military mutinies took place in connection with the civilian coup d'état that occurred in Fiji in 2000, the first while the rebellion instigated by George Speight was in progress, and the second four months after it had ended. The Sukunaivalu Barracks mutiny (7 July 2000) On 7 July 2000, rebel soldiers supporting George Speight overran the Sukunaivalu Barracks in Labasa, the largest town on the northern island of Vanua Levu. Besides seizing the barracks, these soldiers harassed ordinary Indo-Fijian citizens of Labasa, kidnapping bus commuters, ransacking homes, and seizing crops. Indo-Fijian women were also raped. Deposed Prime Minister Mahendra Chaudhry, an Indo-Fijian, condemned a number of businessmen, also Indo-Fijians, as "traitors to their people" for having financed and fed the mutineers in a rebellion ostensibly aimed at promoting nationalistic indigenous Fijian political interests. Chaudhry has made these allegations in court papers, as well as on his party's website. The Queen Elizabeth Barracks mutiny (2 November 2000) The second mutiny, which took place on 2 November 2000 at Suva's Queen Elizabeth Barracks, was led by Captain Shane Stevens. It left four dead. In the aftermath of the failed attempt to depose the Military Commander, Commodore Frank Bainimarama, four of the rebels were beaten to death by loyal soldiers. A total of 42 soldiers from the Counter Revolutionary Warfare Unit were subsequently convicted of involvement in the mutiny. Rabuka accused Accusations were levelled against former Prime Minister Sitiveni Rabuka, who had himself instigated two military coups in 1987. In an interview with the Fiji Times on 12 November 2000, Commodore Bainimarama charged that while the revolt was in progress, Rabuka had visited the barracks with his army uniform in the car, ready to take over command of the army. He also allegedly started issuing orders to soldiers, telling them to obey his orders. "Rabuka's words to one of my colonels at the height of the shootings raised my suspicions," Bainimarama said. "He said the Colonel should listen to his instructions. He also criticised my leadership." Bainimarama accused Rabuka of leading soldiers astray by using "confusing" and "deceiving" words. Bainimarama also accused Rabuka of having "politicised" the Counter Revolutionary Warfare (CRW) unit, which he had founded as a bodyguard in 1987, to favour both the mutiny and the earlier takeover of parliament in May. Members of the CRW were involved in both the May coup and the November mutiny. Bainimarama's version was supported by Lieutenant Colonel Viliame Seruvakula, who led the counteroffensive to put down the mutiny. On 13 November 2000, he said that rebels interrogated by the military had implicated Rabuka. He accused Rabuka of trying to take civilians into the barracks to act as human shields for the mutineers, and stated that Rabuka's intention was to "claim military leadership and ultimately overthrow the Government of the day." Rabuka, a retired officer, denied supporting the mutiny, but refused to comment on an accusation from Bainimarama that he had called a meeting of senior officers loyal to him to depose Bainimarama. Despite his continued protests of innocence, the allegations continued to dog Rabuka, and thwarted his intended appointment as Fiji's Ambassador to the United States. On 14 May 2005, Commissioner of Police Andrew Hughes said the police were close to making a decision on whether to formally charge a number of unnamed individuals, one of whom the New Zealand Herald believed to be Rabuka. Tarakinikini investigated On 5 November 2000, Foreign Minister Phil Goff of New Zealand publicly accused Lieutenant Colonel Filipo Tarakinikini, who had served as the Military's principal spokesman during the main events of the coup, of complicity in the mutiny of 2 November. According to Goff, the rebels' plan was to depose Commodore Bainimarama in favour of Tarakinikini. The next day, Tarakinikini angrily denied the charges, and said that in the light of the Military's decision to investigate, he was reconsidering his career with the Army. Shortly after the allegation were made, Tarakinikini left Fiji for New York to take up a post as a security adviser at the United Nations. His resignation from the Army, handed to President Ratu Josefa Iloilo in 2002, was rejected by the President at the request of Commodore Bainimarama, who has continued in his efforts to have Tarakinikini deported to face a court martial for his alleged role in the mutiny and in the coup itself. Tarakinikini is fighting the President's refusal of his resignation in the courts. The trial was supposed to begin on 12 September, but was postponed because Tarakinikini's lawyer, Samuela Matawalu, was recovering from a minor stroke. On 30 November, High Court Justice Gerald Winter scheduled a hearing for 22 February 2006 and ordered Matawalu to file submissions by 16 January, and the President's Office to reply by 17 February. Takiveikata convicted Stevens later testified that Ratu Inoke Takiveikata, the Qaranivalu, a senior chief of Naitasiri Province and a Senator and former Cabinet Minister, had visited the barracks during the mutiny to offer moral and practical support, which included supplying the mutineers with cellphones. On 23 November, Takiveikata was convicted and sentenced to life imprisonment for his role in the mutiny. Court Martial On 16 August 2005, the Fiji Court of Appeal delivered a landmark ruling, ordering a retrial of 20 soldiers from the Counter Revolutionary Warfare Unit (CRW) who had been convicted in a court martial of participating in the 2000 coup and in a subsequent mutiny in November 2000, and sentenced to prison terms of between three and six years. Various legal technicalities have resulted in several adjournments in the court martial retrial since the naming of the court martial panel, under Judge Advocate Graeme Leung, on 5 October. External links The Hindu - 14 November 2000 Category:2000 Fijian coup d'état Category:Mutinies Category:Events that led to courts-martial

Terminalia arjuna

Terminalia arjuna is a tree of the genus Terminalia. It is commonly known as arjuna or arjun tree in English, thella maddi in Telugu, kumbuk in Sinhala, marudha maram in Tamil and neer maruthu (നീർമരുത്) in Malayalam. Hole Matthi in Kannada. Description The arjuna grows to about 20–25 metres tall; usually has a buttressed trunk, and forms a wide canopy at the crown, from which branches drop downwards. It has oblong, conical leaves which are green on the top and brown below; smooth, grey bark; it has pale yellow flowers which appear between March and June; its glabrous, 2.5 to 5 cm fibrous woody fruit, divided into five wings, appears between September and November. Distribution and habitat The arjuna is usually found growing on river banks or near dry river beds in Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, West Bengal and south and central India. It is known as matthimara in Kannada, neer maruthu in Malayalam 'marutha maram' (marutham pattai) in Tamil, thella maddi (తెల్ల మద్ది) in Telugu and kohda in Rajasthan, Kumbuk in Sinhala. Importance Silk production The arjuna is one of the species whose leaves are fed on by the Antheraea paphia moth which produces the tassar silk, a wild silk of commercial importance. Siddha and Ayurvedic medicine The arjuna was introduced into siddha by saint Agastiyar through his prose Gunavakatam and in Ayurveda as a treatment for heart disease by Vagbhata (c. 7th century CE). It is traditionally prepared as a milk decoction. In the Ashtānga Hridayam, but was also mentioned in many ancient Hindu vedas, and was a known practice for thousands of years, passed down by tradition, before vagbhata mentioned it in his writings. Vagbhata mentions arjuna in the treatment of wounds, hemorrhages and ulcers, applied topically as a powder. The Arjuna plant (lat. Terminalia arjuna) has traditionally been used to treat heart disease for centuries, which is why it got the nickname “Guardian of the heart.” The hero of the famous epic “Mahabharata”, was named after this tree because of its protective effects. In Buddhism In Theravada Buddhism, Arjuna is said to have been used as the tree for achieved enlightenment, or Bodhi by the tenth Buddha (title) called "Anomadassi Buddha". Gallery References External links arjuna Category:Plants used in Ayurveda Category:Flora of the Indian subcontinent

Jane Kallir

Jane Kallir (born July 30, 1954) is an American art dealer, curator and author. She is co-director of the Galerie St. Etienne in New York, which specializes in Austrian and German Expressionism as well as self-taught and “outsider” art. Kallir has curated exhibitions for many American and international museums and is the author of the catalogue raisonné of Egon Schiele’s work in all mediums. Life and career Jane Kallir was born in New York City and graduated from Brown University in 1976, with a BA in art and art history. In 1977, she began working for her grandfather, Otto Kallir, who founded the Galerie St. Etienne in 1939 in New York. She became the gallery’s co-director, with Hildegard Bachert, in 1979. In 1985, Kallir married Gary Cosimini, whom she had met in college. The couple divorced in 1996 and remarried in 2008. Under Kallir’s direction in 1980, the Galerie St. Etienne initiated a regular program of museum-scale loan exhibitions, a practice not then common among commercial galleries. These shows were routinely accompanied by book-length catalogues, published by trade publishers. Lenders included the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, the Art Institute of Chicago, the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the Museum of Modern Art, the Whitney Museum of American Art, the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden, the Phillips Collection, the Kunsthalle Bremen, the Lenbachhaus in Munich, the National Gallery of Canada in Ottawa, the Wien Museum and the Belvedere in Vienna, plus many private collectors. Kallir publishes a scholarly essay to accompany each Galerie St. Etienne exhibition and also issues an annual “Art Market Report,” timed to coincide with Art Basel each June. In addition to presenting major exhibitions at the Galerie St. Etienne, she curates museum shows both nationally and internationally. A frequent lecturer, Kallir has written over twenty art books and numerous catalog essays. The Galerie St. Etienne is a longstanding member of the Art Dealers Association of America, which Kallir served as Vice President from 2003-2006. The gallery participates in the Winter Antiques Show, The ADAA Art Show and the IFPDA Print Fair (all in New York) and Art Basel (in Basel, Switzerland). In 1994, Kallir was recognized with the Silver Medal of Honor for Services to the Republic of Austria. Museum exhibitions Jane Kallir has organized over 50 museum exhibitions in the United States, Austria, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, South Korea and The Netherlands. Institutions with which she has worked include the National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.; the National Museum of Women in the Arts, Washington, D.C.; the Hangaram Museum of Art, Seoul Art Center, South Korea; and the Museo del Vittoriano, Rome, Italy. She has curated three shows for The Belvedere in Vienna: Egon Schiele in der Österreichischen Galerie, Egon Schiele: Self-Portraits and Portraits and The Women of Klimt, Schiele and Kokoschka. Kallir has also sent Grandma Moses exhibitions to more than 30 venues in the U.S. and Japan. Her involvement with the artist continues a tradition that dates to Moses’ first one-person show, which took place at the Galerie St. Etienne in 1940. Publications Jane Kallir is the author of 21 art books. She has published nine volumes on Egon Schiele, including the artist’s catalogue raisonné, and seven studies on other aspects of fin-de-siècle Austrian art. Her 1986 history, Viennese Design and the Wiener Werkstätte, remains a standard text on the subject. Kallir’s most recent publication is The Women of Klimt, Schiele and Kokoschka, to accompany the exhibition she curated at The Belvedere in 2015. Kallir’s writings also include four volumes on Grandma Moses. Together with the Galerie St. Etienne’s co-director, Hildegard Bachert, Kallir maintains the Grandma Moses archives assembled by Otto Kallir in connection with the Grandma Moses catalogue raisonné. Jane Kallir and Bachert provide opinions regarding the authenticity of works not in that 1973 book, and add them to the archive. In addition to her book-length publications, Kallir has written numerous magazine articles, as well as exhibition catalogue essays for such institutions as the Louisiana Museum in Copenhagen, the Schirn Kunsthalle in Frankfurt, the Centre Georges Pompidou in Paris, the National Gallery of Canada in Ottawa, the Milwaukee Art Museum, the Neue Galerie New York the American Folk Art Museum and the Philadelphia Museum of Art. As an author, Jane Kallir has received several literary prizes. In 1982, the “Art Libraries Societies Award” was awarded to The Folk Art Tradition, and in 1985 for Arnold Schoenberg’s Vienna. The “Elie Faure Award” and the “Prix des Lecteurs de Beaux-Arts Magazin” both were given in 1991 for Egon Schiele: The Complete Works. Egon Schiele Jane Kallir is the foremost expert on the work of Egon Schiele, publishing Egon Schiele: The Complete Works in 1990, with an update in 1998. Kallir regularly provides opinions regarding works not in that catalogue raisonné and Schiele scholarship, in addition to maintaining an archive of Schiele works authenticated since 1998. Many Schiele collectors were persecuted after Hitler annexed Austria in 1938. Egon Schiele: The Complete Works contains an appendix, “Who’s Who in the Provenances,” which documents collections that were looted or otherwise lost during the Nazi years. In 1997, Kallir gave the New York Times a file documenting the Nazi theft of Schiele’s painting Portrait of Wally. The resulting story led to the seizure of the painting by the NY District Attorney and a twelve-year lawsuit. As a result, the Austrian Parliament in 1998 issued a decree reopening the claims process for State museums, and in 2010, the heirs of the original owner of Portrait of Wally received a settlement of $19 million. Kallir’s role in the case is featured in the 2012 documentary film Portrait of Wally. The opening of previously sealed Austrian archives, in tandem with the 1998 restitution decree, has produced a wealth of new evidence documenting Nazi spoliation. Jane Kallir continues to work with Austrian researchers on updating Schiele provenances. References Further reading https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/01/nyregion/75-years-manhattan-gallery-gustav-klimt-egon-schiele-grandma-moses.html?_r=0 https://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/14/fashion/weddings/14vows.html External links http://www.gseart.com http://www.portraitofwally.com http://the-adaa.tumblr.com/post/98396070016/gallery-chat-jane-kallir-galerie-st-etienne-75th-anniver http://www.lootedart.com/MFEU4Q69617 http://theartnewspaper.com/comment/jane-kallir-answers-what-is-art-for-/ https://www.artsy.net/article/artsy-editorial-high-estimates-caused-schieles-embarrassing-auction-flops-experts Category:American art dealers Category:Women art dealers Category:1954 births Category:Writers from New York City Category:Living people Category:20th-century American women writers Category:American art curators Category:21st-century American women writers Category:Brown University alumni

Level (cigarette)

Level is a Swedish brand of cigarettes, currently owned and manufactured by JTI Sweden, a subsidiary of Japan Tobacco. History Level was launched in 2001 as a budget brand cigarette. Level was the first low priced cigarette introduced in Sweden. At introduction, a pack of Level cost 26 Swedish Krona. Level has attracted some attention because of its slender profit margins. Of the approximately 30 Swedish Krona that a pack cost in 2005, the merchant charged about $1.65, which is about €5.00 for a normal package. In 2015, a pack of Level cigarettes cost 50 Swedish Krona for both normal king size cigarettes and 100s cigarettes. Markets Level is mainly sold in Sweden, but also was or still is sold in Norway, Denmark, Poland, Ukraine and Russia. Products Level Full Flavour Level Full Flavour 100's Level Smooth Flavour Level Smooth Flavour 100's Level Smooth Menthol Level Smooth Menthol 100's Level Menthol On Demand Full Flavour Below are all the current brands of Level cigarettes sold, with the levels of tar, nicotine and carbon monoxide included. See also Cigarette Tobacco smoking References Category:Japan Tobacco brands

Peter Hayek

Peter Milton Hayek (born November 16, 1957) is a retired American professional ice hockey defenseman who played in one National Hockey League game for the Minnesota North Stars during the 1981–82 NHL season. He played his college hockey at the University of Minnesota under Herb Brooks. He won the 1979-80 Men's NCAA Ice Hockey Championship and was on the roster (JV team) for the 1976-77 championship. While at the University of Minnesota, Hayek was part of the freshman class of 76'-77' that many consider the greatest in Gopher hockey history. He has since coached youth hockey in Minnesota. See also List of players who played only one game in the NHL External links Category:1957 births Category:American men's ice hockey defensemen Category:Baltimore Clippers (1979–81) players Category:Birmingham South Stars players Category:Ice hockey people from Minnesota Category:Living people Category:Minnesota Golden Gophers men's ice hockey players Category:Minnesota North Stars players Category:Nashville South Stars players Category:Oklahoma City Stars players Category:Sportspeople from Minneapolis Category:Undrafted National Hockey League players

Steve Gilmour

Steve Gilmour (born 16 October 1986) is an Australian cricketer who is contracted to the Victorian Bushrangers with the squad number 30 for the 2011/12 Australian cricket summer. Gilmour made his first-class debut late in the 2008-09 season, playing three matches for the Bushrangers since and proving he has what it takes and despite not being a regular player for Victoria he has stepped up to the task when he has been selected. References Category:Living people Category:1986 births Category:Australian cricketers Category:Victoria cricketers Category:Cricketers from Victoria (Australia)

Frederick Walshe

Brigadier General Frederick William Henry Walshe (1872-1931) was a senior British Army officer during the First World War. Biography Born on 26 July 1872, Frederick Walshe was educated at Bedford School and at Royal Military Academy, Woolwich. He received his first commission as a Second Lieutenant in the Royal Artillery in 1892, was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant in the Royal Horse Artillery in 1897, to the rank of Captain in 1899, and to the rank of Major in 1909. He served during the First World War, between 1914 and 1918, during the Gallipoli Campaign, in Egypt and in France. He was promoted to the rank of Brigadier General in 1919, serving with Lieutenant General Anton Deniken and General Pyotr Nikolayevich Wrangel during the Russian Civil War, between 1919 and 1920. He was Aide-de-camp to King George V, between 1920 and 1928, served in Turkey and Mesopotamia, in 1921, and in India, between 1924 and 1928. Brigadier General Frederick Walshe was invested as a Companion of the Distinguished Service Order in 1917, as a Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George in 1919, and as a Companion of the Order of the Bath in 1928. He retired from the British Army in 1928 and died in Weymouth, Dorset, on 15 January 1931, aged 58. References Category:1872 births Category:1931 deaths Category:People educated at Bedford School Category:Graduates of the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich Category:British Army personnel of World War I Category:British Army personnel of the Russian Civil War Category:Companions of the Order of the Bath Category:Companions of the Order of St Michael and St George Category:Companions of the Distinguished Service Order Category:British Army generals Category:Royal Artillery officers

Abhinay Banker

Abhinay Banker () (Hindi: अभिनय बेंकर) born on 14 September) is an actor, director, and writer who works in Gujarati cinema and theatre. After several theatre performances in his early career, he received recognition for his performance in Gujarati play Welcome Zindagi (2010), written and directed by Saumya Joshi, which has been performed over 650 times worldwide. He acted in Gujarati film Kevi Rite Jaish (2012). Early life Banker is born in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India in a Gujarati Hindu family. During his studies, he worked as a freelance photo journalist for several news agencies from 2002–2005. He completed his Bachelor of Performing Arts in theatre from Gujarat University in April 2009 and received Gold medal. Since 2014, he is a contributing faculty cum mentor at School of liberal studies, Pandit Deendayal Petroleum University (PDPU). Career Abhinay Banker has acted in number of plays. His debuted in 2005 in a play, Natsamrat. In 2006, he became a theatre trainer and practitioner. He served as the head of the drama department at Darpana Academy of Performing Arts during 2012–2015. He is a founder-member of Actor's Theatre Ahmadabad, a group of theatre artist, and is a founder director of Aarambh Arts Academy. In 2007, he acted as Anand in Mallika Sarabhai's Unsuni (Unheard Voices) which is an adaptation of former IAS officer Harsh Mander's novel of the same name. Despite facing the heat from Censor Board, it completed more than 150 performances. He was appreciated by audience as a director-actor for his musical demonstration, based on Amrita Pritam's life, Main Tenu Phir Milangi (2011). Her love tale is about aside from others, as it talks about the purest unconditional love. When Urdu writer Saadat Hasan Manto left Mumbai to visit Delhi, he said "Main khud ek chalta phirta Bambai hun" (I myself am a travelling Mumbai), to explain his connection to the city. Thus one of his plays has been named as Chalta Phirta Bambai (2012). In it, three joined stories unobtrusively depict the truth of life and all the while challenge the thought of innocence, love, ethics, morality, virtuousness and self-respect, but then ends in the nakedness and blatancy existent in our general public. Banker has acted in the play, Akoopar (2013), based on the novel by Dhruv Bhatt. The play focuses on the existence of the Maldharis (animal breeders), who live within the Gir forest, the last home of the Asiatic lion. Directed by Aditi Desai, daughter of the theatre artiste late Jaswant Thakar, the play has been performed at the Bharat Rang Mahotsav at National School of Drama (NSD) Delhi. It has been additionally announced as the best play at Transmedia awards 2013. The play Koi Pan Ek Phool Nu Naam Bolo To (Name any one flower) (2014) is a psychological murder mystery. It had been at first written with the aid of Gujarati writer Madhu Rye nearly five decades ago. In 1969, Kailash Pandya, who became the first head of the drama department of Darpana Academy of Performing Arts, directed the play. Forty-five years later, Abhinay Banker and his group performed it on the same stage. It had been also nominated for best drama production at 14th Transmedia Gujarati Screen & Stage Awards. Director, actor and writer of the play Haji Ek Varta (2014), Abhinay Banker, portrayed it as a play that has the strings of immaculate humorousness, warmth and joy weaved suitably. It is a progression of six distinctive stories falling in a steady progression penned by various Gujarati writers. After its debut at the National Centre for the Performing Arts's (India) Gujarati Vasant Natyotsav 2014, the play was performed in Habitat Conclave, Ashapalli Festival at Ahmadabad in early 2016. Banker is playing lead role in Aditi Desai's play Samudramanthan (2016). The story, delineating the battle for good over malice, is an anecdotal thought on the lives of Gujarati group of Kharwas (who live by the ocean) enlivened by an old book of the same name. It is genesis of a Nakhuda, the term utilized for a captain of the boat in Kharwas and demonstrates the agitating in the mid ocean that draws out all the nine rasa of human emotions. The play had been performed in19th Bharat Rang Mahotsav 2017 at National School of Drama. Happy Journey (2016), a play written and directed by Abhinay Banker for H L Institute of Commerce, Ahmedabad University, demonstrated the life of today's youth as an understudy seeking after her interests and who experiences thick and diminishes of being in a relationship leading her into melancholy and how benevolently leaves it with the well-built backing of her father. It won first prize, received numerous awards in various categories as well as lifted a standout amongst the most pined for trophies in the field of theatre by INT (Indian National Theatre). Theater credits Filmography References External links Category:Living people Category:1984 births Category:21st-century Indian male actors Category:Male actors from Ahmedabad Category:Indian theatre people Category:Gujarati people Category:Gujarat University alumni

Tony Stanger

Anthony George Stanger (born 14 May 1968) is a Scottish former international rugby union player, and is Scotland's joint record try scorer with 24 tries. Early life Stanger was born in Hawick in the Scottish Borders. He attended university at the University of Edinburgh, where he earned a Bachelor of Science in Applied Sport Sciences – 1st Class Honours (1999). Rugby career Stanger played rugby for Scotland at under 18, 19 and 21 levels. He went on the Scotland rugby team's tour of Japan. He was selected to start for Scotland against Fiji in October 1989, without playing for the Scotland B side. He scored the winning try in the 1990 Five Nations match against England to seal Scotland's third Grand Slam. He played for Scotland at the 1991 and 1995 Rugby World Cups. In 1997, Stanger was called up to replace Ieuan Evans, who was injured on tour with the British Lions in South Africa 1997, and Stanger gained one cap on the tour. Later and personal life Since retiring from playing, Stanger has moved on to other pursuits, mainly in the areas of coaching and guidance for professional sportspeople. He received an Honorary Degree of Doctor of Education from University of Edinburgh in June 2007. He worked as a 'Talent Manager' with the Scottish Institute of Sport from 2008–2015, then served as Director at performance agency Stanger Pro alongside his New Zealand-born wife Bid. Their son George is a footballer who began his career at Stirling Albion before moving to Hamilton Academical in 2018, also being selected for New Zealand Under-20s. References External links Tony Stanger International Statistics Category:1968 births Category:Living people Category:Scottish rugby union players Category:Scotland international rugby union players Category:Rugby union wings Category:Hawick RFC players Category:Hawick Linden RFC players Category:British and Irish Lions rugby union players from Scotland Category:Alumni of the University of Edinburgh Category:FC Grenoble players Category:Edinburgh Rugby players Category:Border Reivers players Category:Sportspeople from Hawick Category:Leeds Carnegie players

Les Bizots

Les Bizots is a commune in the Saône-et-Loire department in the region of Bourgogne in eastern France. Geography The Bourbince forms part of the commune's southeastern border. See also Communes of the Saône-et-Loire department References INSEE Category:Communes of Saône-et-Loire

Ellen Petry Leanse

Ellen Petry Leanse (born Ellen Petry August 12, 1958) is an American author, businesswoman, educator, entrepreneur, and online community pioneer. Leanse has spent 35 years working with leaders at Apple, Google, Facebook, as an entrepreneur, and with dozens of startups. She’s a writer on topics of workplace dynamics and a Stanford instructor. Her work has spanned entrepreneurship, corporate leadership, investing, and strategy consulting. An alum of Apple (1981 – 1990), she launched the company's first online activity through the User Group Connection, an initiative she founded at Apple in 1985. She was employed by Google from 2008 through 2010 and created a social list-making app Lists by 222do for the initial launch of the Facebook development platform (2007). Her article about the word "Just" and its use across genders has received nearly 5 million views on Business Insider (2017). It was originally published via Women 2.0, an organization she advised from 2012 through 2016. She spoke on "Happiness by Design" at TEDx Berkeley in 2016. Leanse is an instructor at Stanford University and teaches through the university's Continuing Studies program. Leanse is a contributing writer to Arianna Huffington's Thrive Global platform. Early life Leanse was born in Dayton, Ohio, and raised in the Fairglen neighborhood of San Jose, CA. Her father, John Gerald Petry, was a WWII veteran and mechanical engineer who held several patents for automotive lift technology. Her mother, Kathleen Minch Petry, was a secretary and hospital administrator. She graduated from Presentation High School in 1976 and was named a Bank of America Bicentennial Scholar and was also a National Merit Scholar. She studied art and international business and graduated from San Diego State University with a BA in International Marketing in 1981. Upon graduating she was in a serious bicycle accident and returned to San Jose to recover at her parents’ home. It was at that time that she sent an application to Apple and received a rejection letter, which she challenged and was hired in November 1981. Shortly after graduating she was in a serious bicycle accident and returned to San Jose to recover at her parents' home. It was at that time that she applied to Apple and received a rejection letter, which she challenged. She was hired in November 1981 and wrote about the experience in a 2014 article about the Apple logo and its impact. Her first job at Apple was as an International Communications Specialist in the Intercontinental division, which distributed and promoted Apple products, primarily the Apple II and Apple III and related accessories, everywhere in the world except for the US and Europe. She launched Apple’s first formal product communications (they were newsletters) to these regions and introduced Spanish language versions of these communications in 1986. She also did product launches in the markets they served. She joined the extended Macintosh team in 1983 as Product Manager for international Macintosh accessories, including local-language keyboards, CCITT and CSA modems, regionally-compliant printers, and power supplies. In 1985 she was asked to interview for a role as Apple’s first “User Evangelist” – a response to frustration in the Apple II installed base that Apple had abandoned, its earliest and most faithful users as it began to focus increasingly on the Macintosh. John Sculley served as a sponsor for this position and she accepted the role in September 1985. Technology career Apple In her nine years at Apple Leanse served on the Macintosh launch team (1984) and led the company’s pioneering work in creating online communities. Leanse became an Apple employee in November 1981 and became Apple's first User Evangelist in September 1985. The User Group track she established at MacWorld conferences brought Apple product leaders including Bill Atkinson, Alan Kay, Guy Kawasaki together with users to exchange information on product priorities and direction. Leanse led and grew this organization through 1990, when she left Apple. Her charter was to address the frustration directed at Apple from the Apple II and Apple III installed base - individuals, business people, government officials and education leaders from around the world who had come to feel abandoned by Apple as it turned its attention to the Macintosh. In 1985 Leanse became Apple’s first “User Evangelist,” charged to forge relationships with Apple’s growing, and increasingly divided, Apple II/Apple III and Macintosh installed base. Her early work connected her with technology influencers including NASA’s David Lavery, the Boston Computer Society’s Jonathan Rotenberg, and the Berkeley Macintosh User Group’s Raines Cohen and Reese Jones. Forming Apple’s User Group Connection, Leanse established the first online interaction between Apple and its users in November 1985. This work leveraged existing networks including Usenet Arpanet/Darpanet, The Well, and private Bulletin Board Systems to bring product updates, live interviews, software updates, and other resources with Apple communities worldwide. Active participants included NASA’s David Lavery, the Boston Computer Society’s Jonathan Rotenberg, and the Berkeley Macintosh User Group’s Raines Cohen and Reese Jones. The User Group track she established at MacWorld conferences brought Apple product leaders including Bill Atkinson, Alan Kay, Guy Kawasaki together with users to exchange information on product priorities and direction. Eighteen months after the release of the Macintosh, owners of Apple II and Apple III personal computers expressed frustration with the limited development of new features for these products. Seeking a commitment to ongoing support of utilities and software, users contacted Apple, published complaints in computer publications, and spoke out at public events such as MacWorld and other trade shows to ask for a future path. Furthermore, as Macintosh users sought more direct means of learning about innovations and capabilities of the Mac and its software (in 1985, standards for customer support depended primarily on written/mailed correspondence) Macintosh users began to ask Apple and software providers for faster access to technical and usability information, as well as upgrades. Apple CEO John Sculley responded by creating a position for a "User Group Evangelist" charged with realigning Apple with its active user community through communication and identification of mutually-beneficial product development. In September 1985, Apple established the Apple User Group Connection, led by Leanse, in response to input from users in community User Groups including Boston Computer Society and Berkeley Macintosh Users Group, along with user communities within educational, science, and business organizations. AUGC was formed in response to concerns from users in community user groups that, with the release of the Macintosh, development for existing Apple II and Apple III computers were compromised. The idea was for Apple to share information with its user community directly, rather than through the more traditional support and distribution channels. The organization successfully encouraged Apple to pursue early internet technology such as bulletin board systems and ARPANET. Leanse's work in the UGC guided her to establish Apple's first connection with users via the early roots of the web – ARPANET, The WELL, Bulletin board systems, etc. It was groundbreaking work that pioneered much of what is possible and done today through social networks and other online communities. Leanse grew and ran the group through 1990 when she left Apple to focus on her personal life. Many of the early UGC contributors have gone on to be real creators and contributors in their own rights. NASA's Dave Lavery, through his work with Apple User Groups within NASA and the Jet Propulsion Lab, was an active influencer of the User Group Connection's early progress. The early days of Leanse's role aligned her with Apple's passionate user group community and gave her an eye-opening window into a new world: the early roots of the World Wide Web. Through connected BBS networks, Arpa and Darpanet, The WELL, Usenet, and other systems, thousands of Apple users around the world were sharing information and support with each other and using their collective knowledge to make the most of their Apple systems. These pioneering users began to experiment with information-sharing through a few leads in this network, and quickly realized the power that this network had to speed product information, updates, and support to people, using much less effort than the standard method – the U.S. Mail – would have allowed. AUGC produced promotional videos for Apple products. In April 2012, PandoDaily included Leanse as one of the top 5 tech marketers. In the article she is attributed as being the pioneer of online community. Google She was an employee of Google between 2008 and 2010, charged with leading marketing communications for the Google G-Suite. Educator In 2013 Leanse joined Stanford University’s Continuing Studies faculty to teach the neuroscience of innovation through on-campus and online courses. She currently teaches an online course, "Unleashing Creative Innovation and Building Great Products" for Stanford, combining principles of "cognitive neuroscience, design frameworks and evolutionary biology," Her work and course at Stanford were featured in the article, "Former Google and Apple exec now challenges Stanford students to design products that make people happy" via CNBC. Writer She has published multiple articles on brain-aware leadership, well-being, gender, and interpersonal dynamics. Her articles have been globally syndicated, receiving up to 8 million views and guiding readers everywhere to new levels of self-awareness and empowerment. Author The Happiness Hack Leanse is a study of neuroscience and "brain hacking". Her book The Happiness Hack, published by Sourcebooks in 2017, explores concepts of attention, connection, and life satisfaction through perspectives on applied neuroscience. Summary The Happiness Hack uses the lens of evolutionary biology and neurochemistry to explore how routine behaviors in modern life can interfere with happiness – and how to “hack back,” improving well-being and life satisfaction. The book discusses various ideas and solutions that are rooted in neuroscience, examining the role of the brain in creating our point of view and how it affects our focus, purpose, and the achievement of true satisfaction, and how opening to new possibilities of thinking differently can help an individual "hack into happiness". The Happiness Hack is a brain-aware guide to bringing more enjoyment, success, and happiness to our daily, and long-term, lives. By simplifying basic concepts of neuroscience, The Happiness Hack offers insights into stress, distraction, tech addiction, and a sense of disconnection in ways that let readers identify common mental tendencies – and guide the brain toward alternate paths. Influences Leanse has acknowledged the work of neuroleadership influencer David Rock in her book. She also acknowledges the work of Stanford researcher and neuroanatomist Sarah Eagleman, who provided scientific review on the book. Reception The Happiness Hack launched at a Kepler’s Literary Foundation event to a live audience and global livestream. It was selected by Barnes and Noble as a featured book for the 2017 holiday season. The Happiness Hack was named one of "The 12 Best Productivity Books of 2017" by Evernote. Press The Happiness Hack was prominently mentioned in the article, "Former Google and Apple exec now challenges Stanford students to design products that make people happy" via CNBC. Achievements In 2012 Leanse was named a 'Silicon Valley Woman of Influence' by Business Journal. Leanse has been a Board member for D-Rev, the Children’s Health Council, and the Menlo Park Atherton Education Foundation (serving the Menlo Park City School District). References External links Former Google and Apple exec now challenges Stanford students to design products that make people happy: CNBC (2018) "Just" Say No: Thrive Global (2017) Mac User Groups Fade in Number and Influence, but Devotees Press On: New York Times (2015) Former Google and Apple Exec Says This Word Can Damage Your Credibility: Business Insider (2015) Do It Yourself Job Creation: Inc. Magazine (1994) Category:1958 births Category:Living people Category:Apple Inc. employees Category:American self-help writers

Matt Richards (footballer, born 1984)

Matthew Lee Richards (born 26 December 1984) is an English footballer who plays for Bath City in the National League South. Career Ipswich Town Matt is a graduate of the Ipswich Town academy, and made his debut in the UEFA Cup against Avenir Beggen aged just 17. He received his only England under-21 cap for appearing in the England U21 victory over Ukraine U21 in August 2004. He played a prominent role in Joe Royle's Play-off semi-finalist making teams in 2003/04 and 2004/05. When Club Captain Jim Magilton was made manager in 2006–07, Richards found himself out of favour. Originally regarded as a left-back, he is now much more comfortable as a midfielder, either playing on the left or in the centre. Brighton & Hove Albion On 18 September 2007, Richards joined League One side Brighton & Hove Albion on a provisional one-month loan deal, although the Seagulls had allegedly been tracking the player all through the summer of 2007. Richards' loan deal at Brighton was extended by a further two months, running up until 18 December 2007. He played 14 League games in total during his three-month loan at the Withdean and ex-Brighton manager Dean Wilkins expressed his interest on loaning the player until the end of the 2007/08 season. On 17 January 2008, it was revealed that Richards had agreed to join Brighton on loan for the remainder of the 2007–08 season. Richards once again rejoined Brighton on loan until the end of December 2008 on 21 July 2008. He scored his first goal for Brighton in a 4-0 Football League Cup win over Barnet on 12 August 2008. In the following round he scored the winning penalty as Brighton knocked out Premier League side Manchester City in a shootout. Return to Ipswich and release Richards made his Ipswich return in 2009 under new manager Roy Keane starting against Cardiff in a 3–0 win at Ninian Park. This would turn out to be his last game for the club as he was released on 14 May 2009. Walsall Richards had a trial spell with Burton Albion scoring in a friendly against Ilkeston Town, however following a successful trial at League One side Walsall, Richards penned a two-year contract with the Saddlers. Richards stated his desire to sign on at Walsall on Twitter, however, this was not possible. Shrewsbury Town Richards impressed during a trial period with Shrewsbury Town and underwent a medical at the Greenhous Meadow on 27 July 2011, with the deal expected to be completed in the following days. He signed a two-year deal with the Shropshire outfit on 28 July 2011, and scored his first goal in Shrewsbury colours on 8 October in a 3–2 home win over Barnet. The season finished with Shrewsbury earning promotion to League One with Richards playing in excess of 30 games and earning players, and fans player of the year awards. Richards was released by Shrewsbury at the end of the 2012–13 season and joined Cheltenham Town on 5 July 2013. Cheltenham Town Richard joined League Two side Cheltenham Town on 5 July 2013. He scored his first goal for Cheltenham in a 3–1 defeat to Plymouth Argyle on 17 August 2013. Dagenham & Redbridge In August 2015, he signed for League Two side Dagenham & Redbridge on a one-year deal after impressing whilst on trial during pre-season. In May 2016 as his contract expired, he was released along with eleven players as Dagenham were relegated to the National League. Bath City In November 2017, after a year out of the game, Richards joined Bath City of the National League South. Career statistics References External links Category:1984 births Category:Living people Category:England under-21 international footballers Category:English footballers Category:English Football League players Category:National League (English football) players Category:Ipswich Town F.C. players Category:Brighton & Hove Albion F.C. players Category:Walsall F.C. players Category:Shrewsbury Town F.C. players Category:Cheltenham Town F.C. players Category:Dagenham & Redbridge F.C. players Category:Bath City F.C. players Category:Banbury United F.C. players Category:People with alopecia universalis Category:Sportspeople from Harlow Category:Association football midfielders

Michel Delacroix (painter)

Michel Delacroix (born 1933) is a French painter in the "naif" style. Delacroix was born in Paris. He studied at the Lycee Louis-le-Grand. He has had one man shows as well as group exhibitions in Europe. Delacroix's primitive style in his paintings and graphics combine structure and detail with rich colour to convey the bustling, diverse activity of the streets of Paris. Delacroix's subjects include street scenes of Paris and other nearby areas of France set during his childhood during the Nazi occupation; he was only seven years old at the time. He is the father of French painter Fabienne Delacroix. He is also the father of the late Bertrand Delacroix (1965-2015) who opened fine art galleries in New York City and Boston which represent his father's work. Delacroix had an exhibition entitled Le Temps Retrouvé at Axelle Fine Arts Galerie in New York City which opened on December 5, 2015. Sources Hackenberg, D. Michel Delacroix. 1st. Hackenberg Inc., 2007. External links Delacroix at M Fine Arts Galerie Category:1933 births Category:Living people Category:Artists from Paris Category:20th-century French painters Category:French male painters Category:21st-century French painters Category:Naïve painters