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Label stringclasses 2 values	Category stringclasses 6 values	Target Word (Noun) stringclasses 415 values	Sentence stringlengths 21 235	Sentence T-2 stringlengths 4 2.68k	Sentence T-1 stringlengths 4 2.54k	Sentence T+1 stringlengths 4 4.09k	Sentence T+2 stringlengths 4 15.8k	Document URL stringlengths 32 140	Document Title stringlengths 1 90
LITERAL	CAUSER	flesh	"Angel" (2008) is a fiberglass angel sculpture complete with flesh-covered wings, white hair, and frighteningly realistic skin that features details like wrinkles, sunspots, and peach fuzz.	For the 2005 Venice Biennale, the duo invited Chinese farmer Du Wenda to present his homemade UFO at the Chinese Pavilion.	The installation "Old People's Home", (2008) comprised 13 hyperrealistic sculptures of elderly world leaders, including Yasser Arafat and Leonid Brezhnev, in electric wheelchairs set to automatically wander through the room and bump into one another.	Their 2009 solo exhibition, "Freedom", at Tang Contemporary in Beijing, featured a large firehose hooked to a chain that erupted water spray at a distance of 120 meters and thrashed throughout an enormous metal cage.	Sun and Peng's 2016 work, "Can't Help Myself," was commissioned for the Guggenheim Museum.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun%20Yuan%20%26%20Peng%20Yu	Sun Yuan & Peng Yu
METONYMIC	CAUSER	instrument	"Chatterbox" is written and sung by Thunders, whom Willis felt "uses his voice as a wailing instrument" in a manner similar to rock singer Robert Plant.	Its lyrics depict adversities faced by the protagonist, "Little Rhinestone Target", as he tries to change his name in pursuit of his shoe fetish, before the music ends with a gunshot, a sound effect inspired by the Olympics' 1958 song "Western Movies".	Willis interpreted a feminist subtext in the song, citing the lyrics "sometimes you gotta get away someway / and now you're walkin' just like you're ten feet tall ... I hope you don't get shot for tryin'."	The song is Thunders's first time singing lead and features vocals Weisbard and Marks said are delivered in a quavering but proud New York accent.	His lyrics describe the narrator's growing frustration over a crossed-wire phone connection with a female subject.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Too%20Much%20Too%20Soon%20%28album%29	Too Much Too Soon (album)
LITERAL	CAUSER	flesh	"Optimized targeting optics...you must make a terrifyingly accurate sniper..." "Body parts encased in the OMAC composite shell...nanobot scabs covering your weaker flesh".	"(Via Sasha's) ocular implant, the whole of the visual spectrum and more, revealed to you".	Earlier in the same storyline, Sasha demonstrated the ability to see in the infrared spectrum.	Sasha also has the ability to turn her nanorobotic components on and off at will.	They also help her to regenerate from damage she sustains, particularly to those non-biological parts of her body.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sasha%20Bordeaux	Sasha Bordeaux
METONYMIC	CAUSER	rain	\| When the rain is heard on the leaves,Rongo enters into his house,A house of chiefly prestige.	In the Ivirua district was also Ivanui marae, but this was abandoned in favour of Orongo marae; it was referred to in an eva dance: {\| \| Cook Islands Māori \| Translation \|- \| 'Aore oa te paepae o Rongo e taea, E paepae tuatinitini tuamanomano, Kota'i 'ua e tae O te 'i'iri, o te rarama.	\| The platform of Rongo cannot be ascended, A platform open to the thousands and to myriads, One only can reach it, Wisdom and learning \|} A reference to Rongo is such: {\| \| Cook Islands Māori \| Translation \|- \| 'A va te ua i ta'aruku A tomo a Rongo i roto i tona 'are, E 'are turu ariki.	\|} See also Laka Lono Domesticated plants and animals of Austronesia References Bibliography G. Grey, Polynesian Mythology, Illustrated edition, reprinted 1976. (	Whitcombe and Tombs: Christchurch), 1956.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rongo	Rongo
LITERAL	CAUSER	piano	1 (1939) is composed for two variable speed turntables, frequency recordings, muted piano and cymbal.	Experimental composers (such as John Cage, Halim El-Dabh, and Pierre Schaeffer) used them to sample and create music that was entirely produced by the turntable.	Cage's Imaginary Landscape No.	Edgard Varèse experimented with turntables even earlier in 1930, though he never formally produced any works using them.	Though this school of thought and practice is not directly linked to the 1970s-2010 definition of turntablism within hip hop and DJ culture, it has had an influence on modern experimental sonic/artists such as Christian Marclay, Janek Schaefer, Otomo Yoshihide, Philip Jeck, and Maria Chavez.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turntablism	Turntablism
LITERAL	CAUSER	group	1766), which hangs in Derby Museum and Art Gallery, depicts a group listening to a lecture by a natural philosopher.	He calculated the gear trains needed to represent a year of 365.242 days, and used that to produce the cycles of the principal planets.	Joseph Wright's painting A Philosopher giving a Lecture on the Orrery in which a lamp is put in place of the Sun (ca.	The Sun in a brass orrery provides the only light in the room.	The orrery depicted in the painting has rings, which give it an appearance similar to that of an armillary sphere.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orrery	Orrery
LITERAL	CAUSER	spectators	1898 21 June: At the launch of HMS Albion from the Thames Ironworks and Shipbuilding Company at Blackwell, 34 spectators drown when a stage collapses.	10 August: The Automobile Club of Great Britain (modern-day Royal Automobile Club) founded in London.	19 August: Bersey electric cabs, the first horseless taxicabs, begin operating in London.	19 July: French novelist Émile Zola arrives in London to escape imprisonment for criminal libel over his open letter J'Accuse…!	on the Dreyfus affair.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline%20of%20London%20%281800s%29	Timeline of London (1800s)
LITERAL	CAUSER	vehicles	1906–1930From this beginning, through and beyond the 1930s, Packard-built vehicles were perceived as highly competitive among high-priced luxury American automobiles.	The factory is in close proximity to the current General Motors Detroit/Hamtramck Assembly, which was the former site of the Dodge Vehicle factory from 1910 until 1980.	Architect Kahn also designed the Packard Proving Grounds in Shelby Township, Michigan.	The company was commonly referred to as being one of the "Three Ps" of American motordom royalty, along with Pierce-Arrow of Buffalo, New York, and Peerless of Cleveland, Ohio.	For most of its history, Packard was guided by its President and General Manager James Alvan Macauley, who served as President of the National Automobile Manufacturers Association.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Packard	Packard
LITERAL	CAUSER	waves	1992 – Wi-Fi – CSIRO researchers patented a method to "unsmear" radio waves that echo off indoor surfaces.	1992 – Spray-on skin – Developed by Dr Fiona Wood at Royal Perth Hospital 1992 – Product Activation – Patented by Ric Richardson of Sydney's northern beaches initially to allow digital distribution of his own software.	Now the process is used by the majority of software publishers in the world.	This method has caused WiFi to be attributed as an Australian invention, although the Wi-Fi trademark, under which most products are sold, is under the ownership of the Wi-Fi Alliance based in Austin, Texas.	1993 – Underwater PC – The world's first underwater computer with a five-button hand-held keypad was developed by Bruce Macdonald at the Australian Institute of Marine Science.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline%20of%20Australian%20inventions	Timeline of Australian inventions
LITERAL	CAUSER	clock	2) Later, when he is shown walking towards Dhanirams' house, a clock in the background can be heard chiming.	1) When Meena asks Kailash to go to Dhaniram's house to collect the incriminating paper from him, Kailash informs her that he had to attend the Bar Association's dinner that day.	So he would not be free before 10.30 or perhaps 11.00 pm. (	One can easily count 11 chimes from the moment Kailash is walking towards Dhaniram's house, till Dhaniram opens the door (chiming stops after that).	So the action starts at 11.00 pm.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanoon	Kanoon
LITERAL	CAUSER	instruments	21st centuryThe most powerful flare observed by satellite instrumentation began on 4 November 2003 at 19:29 UTC, and saturated instruments for 11 minutes.	Other major achievements included understanding of: X-ray-emitting loops Corona and solar wind Variance of solar brightness with level of activity and verification of this effect in other solar-type stars The intense Fibril state of the magnetic fields at the visible surface of a star like the sun The presence of magnetic fields of 0.5×105 to 1×105 gauss at the base of the conductive zone, presumably in some fibril form, inferred from the dynamics of rising azimuthal flux bundles.	Low-level Electron neutrino emission from the Sun's core.	Region 486 has been estimated to have produced an X-ray flux of X28.	Holographic and visual observations indicate significant activity continued on the far side of the Sun.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar%20observation	Solar observation
LITERAL	CAUSER	clock	28 January 1947: The rubber bushings on the quarter bell hammers again froze before the clock sounded midnight, muting the chimes, though the problem was resolved by the morning.	3–4 June 1941: The clock stopped from 10:13 p.m. until 10:13 the following morning, after a workman repairing air-raid damage to the clock face left a hammer too close to the mechanism.	25–26 January 1945: Extremely cold temperatures froze the rubber bushings on the quarter-bell hammers, preventing the chimes sounding from 9 p.m. on the 25th to 9 p.m. the following evening; the BBC broadcast the pips in the interval.	12 August 1949: The clock slowed by four and a half minutes after a flock of starlings perched on the minute hand.	13 January 1955: The clock stopped at 3:24 a.m. due to drifts of snow forming on the north and east dials.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big%20Ben	Big Ben
LITERAL	CAUSER	siren	30 April – St Kilda players & umpires fail to hear the final siren.	28 March – Queensland defeats Victoria to win the Pura Cup.	2 April – Eventual 2006 World Champion, Fernando Alonso takes victory for Renault F1 in the Australian Grand Prix at Albert Park, Melbourne.	St Kilda scores behind after siren has gone, resulting in the match being a draw.	This is later overturned on an appeal to the AFL commission & Fremantle is awarded the four points.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006%20in%20Australia	2006 in Australia
LITERAL	CAUSER	alarm	A "yell for SysOp" page caller side menu item that sounded an audible alarm to the system operator.	Some companies were able to make the move to the Internet and provide commercial products with BBS capabilities.	Features A classic BBS had: A computer One or more modems One or more phone lines, with more allowing for increased concurrent users A BBS software package A sysop – system operator A user community The BBS software usually provides: Menu systems One or more message bases Uploading and downloading of message packets in QWK format using XMODEM, YMODEM or ZMODEM File areas Live viewing of all caller activity by the system operator Voting – opinion booths Statistics on message posters, top uploaders / downloaders Online games (usually single player or only a single active player at a given time) A doorway to third-party online games Usage auditing capabilities Multi-user chat (only possible on multi-line BBSes) Internet email (more common in later Internet-connected BBSes) Networked message boards Most modern BBSes allow telnet access over the Internet using a telnet server and a virtual FOSSIL driver.	If chosen, the system operator could then initiate a text-to-text chat with the caller.	Primitive social networking features, such as leaving messages on a user's profile See also ANSI art BBS: The Documentary Computer magazine Free-net Imageboard Internet forum Internet Relay Chat KOM (BBS) List of BBS software List of bulletin board systems Minitel Online magazine PODSnet Shell account Terminal emulator Textboard User-generated content Usenet Warez Notes References Citations Sources External links The BBS Corner The BBS Documentary – (Video Collection) BBSmates community and resource site (archive from 2013) The Telnet BBS Guide Textfiles.com – Collection of historical BBS documents, files and history The BBS organization (longest running bbs services site) The Lost Civilization of Dial-Up Bulletin Board Systems (The Atlantic, 2016) American inventions Online chat Pre–World Wide Web online services Internet forums Virtual communities Computer-mediated communication Telephony Telnet Computer-related introductions in 1978	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulletin%20board%20system	Bulletin board system
LITERAL	CAUSER	receiver	A balanced line allows a differential receiver to reduce the noise on a connection by rejecting common-mode interference.	The geometry of the cable ensures that magnetic fields will cause equal interference of both legs of the balanced circuit.	This balanced interference is a common-mode signal that can easily be removed by a transformer or balanced differential receiver.	The lines have the same impedance to ground, so the interfering fields or currents induce the same voltage in both wires.	Since the receiver responds only to the difference between the wires, it is not influenced by the induced noise voltage.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balanced%20line	Balanced line
LITERAL	CAUSER	amplifier	A bandpass amplifier would amplify the signal, so it could be detected.	A micrometeorite hitting the diaphragm would generate an acoustic pulse that would travel through the diaphragm to the microphone.	The microphone contained a piezoelectrical crystal that rang at 100 kc under influence of the acoustic pulse.	A search-coil magnetometer with nonlinear amplifier to measure the Earth's, Moon's and interplanetary magnetic field.	At the time it was not known whether the Moon had a magnetic field or not.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pioneer%200	Pioneer 0
METONYMIC	CAUSER	flute	A bass flute is heard throughout George Bruns' score for The Jungle Book and the original Pirates of the Caribbean attraction.	Hubert Laws features the bass flute on his recording of "Amazing Grace," in which he plays the first verse on bass flute, the second on alto, and the third on soprano.	Steig later took up the Kotato & Fukushima bass flute in F. In electronic music, Jack Dangers has sometimes used bass flute as the leader of the Meat Beat Manifesto.	Perhaps the best-known work to feature the bass flute is the album Wave by Antônio Carlos Jobim.	References External links http://Lowflutes.com https://web.archive.org/web/20101104012435/http://www.hogenhuis-flutes.com/pages/bassflute.html Bassflute Jelle Hogenhuis Side-blown flutes C instruments Bass (sound)	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bass%20flute	Bass flute
LITERAL	CAUSER	beep	A beep will be heard, and a light will show.	The system was provided by Thales.	Use The card is scanned at the black circle on the reader, at up to 5 cm.	If the season ticket is valid, there is a short sound and a green light; if not, there is a longer sound and the light shows red.	External links http://www.portalviva.pt http://www.carris.pt/en/index.php?area=balcao&subarea=passes_e_bilhetes_viva https://web.archive.org/web/20091024183620/http://www.transportbenchmarks.eu/pdf/Reports/UTB-BEHAVIOURAL-REPORT-ANNEX-A2.2pdf.pdf Transport in Lisbon Fare collection systems in Portugal Contactless smart cards	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LisboaViva	LisboaViva
LITERAL	CAUSER	bell	A bell that he captured in the Bogue forts was sent to England by Captain John Charles Pitman in .	Also present was the Portuguese governor of Macau, his band who played the funeral march, and a contingent of Portuguese troops who fired three volleys over his grave at the Old Protestant Cemetery.	On 29 June, Senhouse was nominated a Companion of the Most Honourable Military Order of the Bath.	It was donated to St Mary's Church in Gosforth by Senhouse's widow in 1844.	Mount Stenhouse on Lamma Island is almost certainly named for him, but has acquired a misspelling over time.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humphrey%20Fleming%20Senhouse	Humphrey Fleming Senhouse
LITERAL	CAUSER	detonations	A bhangmeter is a non-imaging radiometer installed on reconnaissance and navigation satellites to detect atmospheric nuclear detonations and determine the yield of the nuclear weapon.	NONE	NONE	They are also installed on some armored fighting vehicles, in particular NBC reconnaissance vehicles, in order to help detect, localise and analyse tactical nuclear detonations.	They are often used alongside pressure and sound sensors in this role in addition to standard radiation sensors.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhangmeter	Bhangmeter
METONYMIC	CAUSER	detonations	A bright flash was visible at a distance of over 100 miles and strong booming detonations were heard.	Peace River is a L6 chondrite meteorite fall on the morning of March 31, 1963.	History On March 31, 1963 at 4:35 a.m. MST, a small meteoroid detonated at a height of over the skies of Alberta, Canada and broke in two main fragments.	As soon as enough data was obtained and the snow melted, the search for the fragments began.	The first fragment was recovered on April 24 near Mahood farm, southwest of Peace River town, by John Westgate and R. E. Folinsbee.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peace%20River%20%28meteorite%29	Peace River (meteorite)
LITERAL	CAUSER	chorus	A chorus is heard singing Ave Maria as a line of robed monks is depicted walking with lighted torches through a forest and into the ruins of a cathedral.	At midnight the devil Chernabog awakes and summons evil spirits and restless souls from their graves to Bald Mountain.	The spirits dance and fly through the air until driven back by the sound of an Angelus bell as night fades into dawn.	Production Development The Sorcerer's Apprentice In 1936, Walt Disney felt that the Disney studio's star character Mickey Mouse needed a boost in popularity.	He decided to feature the mouse in The Sorcerer's Apprentice, a deluxe cartoon short based on the 1797 poem written by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe and set to the 1897 orchestral piece by Paul Dukas inspired by the original tale.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fantasia%20%281940%20film%29	Fantasia (1940 film)
LITERAL	CAUSER	horn	A famous example was the horn through which Nipper the RCA dog heard "His Master's Voice".	Technology history The physics (and mathematics) of horn operation were developed for many years, reaching considerable sophistication before WWII.	The most well known early horn loudspeakers were those on mechanical phonographs, where the record moved a heavy metal needle that excited vibrations in a small metal diaphragm that acted as the driver for a horn.	The horn improves the loading and thus gets a better "coupling" of energy from the diaphragm into the air, and the pressure variations therefore get smaller as the volume expands and the sound travels up the horn.	This kind of mechanical impedance matching was absolutely necessary in the days of pre-electrical sound reproduction in order to achieve a usable sound level.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horn%20loudspeaker	Horn loudspeaker
METONYMIC	CAUSER	train	A few years later, workers hear a train arriving from the east; the railroad is complete.	As Nichol lays dying, they profess their love.	Nichol dies; later, Manli is found alive.	Donald Smith enters and strikes the final stake at Eagle's pass.	Afterward, Manli and Lai Gwan perform funeral rituals for the dead, by which the spirits bless them and they are to live together in peace.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron%20Road%20%28opera%29	Iron Road (opera)
LITERAL	CAUSER	fly	A fly now buzzes about, urging on the horses and supervising the progress of the coach, then complains that all the work has been left to it alone.	La Fontaine's Fables expands the scenario with his treatment of "La coche et la mouche" (VII.9), where the emphasis shifts wholly to the insect.	Six horses strain to pull a stage-coach up a sandy hill and all the passengers are obliged to get out.	The fabulist comments,Thus certain people, with important air, Meddle with business they know nought about: Seem to be wanted everywhere, And everywhere they ought to be turned out.	This version of the fable has twice been set to music: as the fifth piece in Benjamin Godard's Six Fables de La Fontaine (op.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Impertinent%20Insect	The Impertinent Insect
LITERAL	CAUSER	notes	A foot pedal lowers the bar and allows notes to ring freely; releasing the pedal engages the damper and stops any vibrating notes.	In 1927, the J.C. Deagan company introduced a pedal mechanism that has not changed substantially since.	A rigid bar beneath the center of the instrument is pressed upward by an adjustable spring and engages a long felt pad against the sharps and the naturals.	One common flaw of this damping mechanism is that the bar is often supported at one point in the middle, causing it to damp the instrument unevenly in the upper and lower registers.	To combat this, some manufacturers have made silicone- or liquid-filled damper pads whose fluid shape can conform evenly around the bars.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vibraphone	Vibraphone
LITERAL	CAUSER	group	A group of Congregational students at Yale College heard about his plans and headed westward to establish the new school.	The town grew at a rapid rate, and a town square was quickly developed.	In 1829, the Presbyterian Reverend John M. Ellis worked to found a new "seminary of learning" in the new state of Illinois.	These students were a part of the famous "Yale Bands," groups of students who established several colleges in the frontier, what is now the Midwest.	Illinois College was one of the first institutions of higher learning in the Midwest.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacksonville%2C%20Illinois	Jacksonville, Illinois
LITERAL	CAUSER	key	A key must be detected in two simultaneous scans before it is identified as pressed, and it must be seen released for two consecutive scans to be considered released.	SKCTL $D20F Write Serial Port Control Bit 0: Enable "debounce" scanning which is intended to eliminate noise or jitter from mechanical switches.	A value of 1 enables POKEY to use an internal comparison register while scanning keys.	This should be enabled to maintain normal keyboard handling with the Operating System.	Bit 1: Set to 1 to enable keyboard scanning.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/POKEY	POKEY
LITERAL	CAUSER	instrument	A logic analyzer is an electronic instrument that captures and displays multiple signals from a digital system or digital circuit.	NONE	NONE	A logic analyzer may convert the captured data into timing diagrams, protocol decodes, state machine traces, assembly language, or may correlate assembly with source-level software.	Logic analyzers have advanced triggering capabilities, and are useful when a user needs to see the timing relationships between many signals in a digital system.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logic%20analyzer	Logic analyzer
LITERAL	CAUSER	amplifier	A low-noise amplifier (LNA) is an electronic amplifier that amplifies a very low-power signal without significantly degrading its signal-to-noise ratio.	NONE	NONE	An amplifier will increase the power of both the signal and the noise present at its input, but the amplifier will also introduce some additional noise.	LNAs are designed to minimize that additional noise.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-noise%20amplifier	Low-noise amplifier
LITERAL	CAUSER	bicycle	A man helps a young woman climb into his bicycle's trailer, not noticing another bicycle arriving at great speed and hitting them.	Analysis The film is composed of 25 shots, without intertitles: 1.	A country road.	The view is obscured by dust.	NONE	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rescued%20in%20Mid-Air	Rescued in Mid-Air
LITERAL	CAUSER	explosion	A nuclear explosion should overwhelm and extinguish the flames, "amputating" the belt from the Earth.	Nelson informs the UN that, according to their calculations, if the increasing temperature is not stopped, it will become irreversible and the Earth will die in about three weeks.	The Admiral and the Commander propose extinguishing the fire by launching a nuclear missile at the burning belt from the Mariana Islands.	Seaview has the capability of firing the missile.	The chief scientist and head delegate, Vienna's Emilio Zucco (Henry Daniell) rejects the Admiral's plan as too risky.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voyage%20to%20the%20Bottom%20of%20the%20Sea	Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea
METONYMIC	CAUSER	phone	A phone is then heard and Molly leaves.	She then leaves to the bathroom.	Molly enters and tells Jake that he and Maggie should marry straight away.	Present Maggie enters and states she is staying at the beach house.	She then exits the apartment.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jake%27s%20Women	Jake's Women
LITERAL	CAUSER	receiver	A question about whether the receiver can hear and understand the transmission.	Out "This is the end of my transmission to you and no answer is required or expected."	Do You Read?	"Bob, you read me?	What is the situation from your position?"	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procedure%20word	Procedure word
METONYMIC	CAUSER	gun	A shot gun is heard; it is the Sheriff (Leo Gordon), who makes the "Savages" leave.	In the bar, Rachel is about to give Pigiron the money, but Zero is disqualified by the bartender because of the cheating.	Zero gets mad and hits the bartender.	The mayor of Agua Dulce, who is also the reverend of the local church, Rev. Romano (Richard Lynch) orders the "Savages" to leave town.	The Sheriff decides to hold Zero to show they are serious.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savage%20Dawn	Savage Dawn
LITERAL	CAUSER	speaker	A Shqiptar (Albanian) listening to or reading Arbërisht is similar to a modern English speaker listening to or reading Shakespearean English.	Arbërisht gluhë ('language/tongue'), vs. Standard Albanian gjuhë ).	It sounds more archaic than Standard Albanian, but is close enough that it is written using the same Albanian alphabet as Standard Albanian.	The Arbëresh language is of particular interest to students of the modern Albanian language as it represents the sounds, grammar, and vocabulary of pre-Ottoman Albania.	Arbërisht was commonly called ("Albanian" in Italian) in Italy until the 1990s.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arb%C3%ABresh%C3%AB%20people	Arbëreshë people
LITERAL	CAUSER	horn	A signalman, hearing the horn and noting the speed of the 4876, phoned ahead to the station master's office.	The train passed a signal north of Union Station between , and the engineer decreased the throttle and started applying the brakes.	When the engineer realized that the train was not slowing down, and applying the emergency brake had no effect, he sounded the engine's horn.	4876 negotiated several switches at speeds well over the safe limits and entered the station at around .	The train demolished the bumping post, continued through the station master's office and into the concourse, where it fell through the floor into the station's basement.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania%20Railroad%20class%20GG1	Pennsylvania Railroad class GG1
METONYMIC	CAUSER	flute	A solo flute is heard accompanied by violins as well as a section with wind-band scoring.	The leading Adagio is based on a hexachord.	The minuet also contains concertante passages.	The trio begins with solo passages by the double bass and bassoon and are later joined by solo viola.	The finale has a concerto grosso feel with virtuosi passages for cello, violin and flute.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symphony%20No.%206%20%28Haydn%29	Symphony No. 6 (Haydn)
LITERAL	CAUSER	speaker	A speaker from the Internet technical community echoed these concerns about the loss of trust in Internet products and services.	He also commented that surveillance revelations were a major problem for the Internet industry; if users didn't trust a company's products they would go elsewhere.	A comment from a remote participant referred to reports that U.S. cloud companies can expect to lose business from non-U.S. customers to the tune of many billions of dollars, with the overall negative impact on the IT industry even greater because of this loss of trust.	He pointed out that there was an understanding that intelligence activities targeted individuals and groups, but the very large scale of the alleged monitoring shocked and surprised many.	This observation about the massive scale of the monitoring was shared by many, and led to questions about the central role of a single country in many aspects of the Internet; from the control of infrastructure and the success and global spread of commercial services, to positions of oversight over critical Internet functions.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet%20Governance%20Forum	Internet Governance Forum
LITERAL	CAUSER	clock	A striking clock is a clock that sounds the hours audibly on a bell or gong.	NONE	NONE	In 12-hour striking, used most commonly in striking clocks today, the clock strikes once at 1:00 A.M., twice at 2:00 A.M., continuing in this way up to twelve times at 12:00 mid-day, then starts again, striking once at 1:00 P.M., twice at 2:00 P.M., up to twelve times at 12:00 midnight.	The striking feature of clocks was originally more important than their clock faces; the earliest clocks struck the hours, but had no dials to enable the time to be read.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Striking%20clock	Striking clock
METONYMIC	CAUSER	synthesizer	A synthesizer can be heard in the instrumentation but both Mealing and Holmes are credited with this instrument in the album credits.	Personnel Dave Cousins – lead vocals, acoustic guitar Dave Lambert – electric guitar, backing vocals Chas Cronk – bass guitar, backing vocals Rod Coombes – drums with Robert Kirby – mellotron John Mealing – keyboards Rupert Holmes - keyboards Mellotron can clearly be heard on this track, therefore according to the album credits Robert Kirby is playing on this track.	Both the other keyboard players are credited on the album but it is unsure which of them played on this particular track.	References "Charmer" at Strawbsweb Liner notes to Road Goes on Forever CD RGF/WCDCD 027 Deep Cuts/Burning for You External links Lyrics to "Charmer" at Strawbsweb Lyrics to "Beside the Rio Grande" at Strawbsweb 1976 singles Strawbs songs 1976 songs Songs written by Dave Cousins Songs written by Chas Cronk	NONE	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charmer%20%28Strawbs%20song%29	Charmer (Strawbs song)
LITERAL	CAUSER	musician	A talented musician, his patients sometimes perceived late at night the echo of his violoncello carried by the myths of Tristan or Parsifal.	Smiling and serious, the forehead high, the beard white towards the end of his life, attentive to human suffering, he personified the authentic therapist, the authority who pain does not resist.	He was nevertheless not content with treating and healing.	He also wrote "Les Guerisons Mystiques et le Magnetisme" (The Mystic Healings and Magnetism), "Le Retour a la Sante par le jeune" (The Return to Health by Fasting), almost 25 titles he wrote based on medicine or the great ideas of esotericism.	With a mind open to all kinds of thoughts, he became enthusiastic about oriental philosophy.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edouard%20Bertholet	Edouard Bertholet
LITERAL	CAUSER	clock	A ticking clock is heard every time the Croc is near.	The Croc (19 episodes) is a big reptile, the same crocodile that had devoured Captain Hook's hand.	She lives in her cave shaped like a crocodile's head and does not tolerate any kind of intruders.	In the series, the clock is magical and controls the whole time of day in Neverland.	Other characters The Indians - A tribe of Native Americans who reside in Neverland and often help out Peter Pan and the Lost Boys.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fox%27s%20Peter%20Pan%20%26%20the%20Pirates	Fox's Peter Pan & the Pirates
LITERAL	CAUSER	clock	A ticking clock is heard midway through the video.	Skylar Grey herself appears as one of the doctors in the video, but never actually appears singing her part.	Dre eventually wakes up and goes through rehab, and the video ends with him standing next to the grave of Eazy-E, a rapper who had launched Dre's music career by founding N.W.A and was also a member along with Ice Cube, MC Ren and DJ Yella.	The music video received complaints of being an "act of advertising" for a variety of product placements, such as Ferrari, G-Shock, HP, Gatorade, and Dr. Dre's signature headphones, Beats by Dr. Dre.	On August 17, 2012 the music video was VEVOCertified after receiving more than 100,000,000 views on YouTube.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%20Need%20a%20Doctor	I Need a Doctor
METONYMIC	CAUSER	trumpet	A trumpet is also heard in the song right after this line is sung.	The 1996 garage/house song "Gabriel" by Roy Davies Jnr (featuring vocals from Peven Everett) is about the archangel Gabriel.	In the chorus, Everett can be heard singing "Gabriel play" in reference to Gabriel's trumpet.	Visual art See also Gabriel gallery in Commons.	Daniel 8:15 describes Gabriel as appearing in the "likeness of man" and in Daniel 9:21 he is referred to as "the man Gabriel."	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriel	Gabriel
METONYMIC	CAUSER	siren	A two-minute siren is heard at 11:00, which marks the opening of the official military memorial ceremonies and private remembrance gatherings at each cemetery where soldiers are buried.	Commemoration Commemoration Yom Hazikaron, Israel's day of remembrance for fallen soldiers, is observed on the 4th day of the month of Iyar of the Hebrew calendar, the day before the celebration of Independence Day.	Memorial services are held in the presence of Israel's top military personnel.	Many Israelis visit the graves of family members and friends who were killed in action.	On the evening before the remembrance day all shops, restaurants and entertainment places must close gates to the public no later than 7 P.M. (the same routine and law applies to the day of remembrance of the Holocaust which takes place a week earlier).	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel%20Defense%20Forces	Israel Defense Forces
LITERAL	CAUSER	amplifier	A typical example of linear equipment is a high fidelity audio amplifier, which must amplify a signal without changing its waveform.	Electronics In electronics, the linear operating region of a device, for example a transistor, is where an output dependent variable (such as the transistor collector current) is directly proportional to an input dependent variable (such as the base current).	This ensures that an analog output is an accurate representation of an input, typically with higher amplitude (amplified).	Others are linear filters, and linear amplifiers in general.	In most scientific and technological, as distinct from mathematical, applications, something may be described as linear if the characteristic is approximately but not exactly a straight line; and linearity may be valid only within a certain operating region—for example, a high-fidelity amplifier may distort a small signal, but sufficiently little to be acceptable (acceptable but imperfect linearity); and may distort very badly if the input exceeds a certain value.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linearity	Linearity
LITERAL	CAUSER	animal	A unique sphincter-like muscle around the ear canal constricts the passageway, thereby dampening acoustic signals and allowing the animal to hear more seismic signals.	Elephants possess several adaptations suited for seismic communication.	The cushion pads of the feet contain cartilaginous nodes and have similarities to the acoustic fat found in marine mammals such as toothed whales and sirenians.	Elephants appear to use seismics for a number of purposes.	An individual running or mock charging can create seismic signals that can be heard at great distances.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elephant%20communication	Elephant communication
LITERAL	CAUSER	string	A vibrating string has one fundamental and a series of partials.	A vibrating wire subdivides itself into many parts vibrating at the same time.	Each part produces a pitch of its own, called a partial.	The purest combination of two pitches is when one is double the frequency of the other.	For a repeating wave, the velocity equals the wavelength times the frequency , On the piano string, waves reflect from both ends.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piano	Piano
LITERAL	CAUSER	pianist	A visiting German pianist, Winfried Wolf, heard one such concert, and arranged with the German government for Argenta to receive a three-month stipend to study with Wolf in Germany.	By the beginning of 1940, Argenta had found work, in review with Jesus Garcia Leoz at Madrid's Teatro Guerrero.	He still had ambitions as a concert pianist, and arranged a number of concerts with the support of Cayetano Luca de Tena at the Teatro Espanyol.	In July 1941, Argenta attended the Bad Elster music festival, and made the acquaintance of musicians including Carl Schuricht and Franz von Hoesslin.	Juana had her third child, a daughter, in Madrid.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ata%C3%BAlfo%20Argenta	Ataúlfo Argenta
METONYMIC	CAUSER	rain	— Richard Versalle, American operatic tenor (5 January 1996), performing in The Makropulos Case'' at the Metropolitan Opera before dying on stage"Mom, do you hear the rain?	— Sylvester Lewis Adams, American convicted murderer (18 August 1995), prior to execution by lethal injection "Oh, come on."	— Kingsley Amis, English novelist and poet (22 October 1995) "You only live so long."	Do you hear the rain?	Mom, I just want to take off in the plane."	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20last%20words%20%2820th%20century%29	List of last words (20th century)
LITERAL	CAUSER	bee	Above the pomegranate flies a bee, an insect that traditionally symbolizes the Virgin.	In this "hand-painted dream photograph", as Dalí generally called his paintings, there is a seascape of distant horizons and calm waters, perhaps Port Lligat, amidst which Gala is the subject of the scene.	Next to the naked body of the sleeping woman, which levitates above a flat rock that floats above the sea, Dalí depicts two suspended droplets of water and a pomegranate, a Christian symbol of fertility and resurrection.	In the upper left of the painting what seems to be a yelloweye rockfish bursts out of the pomegranate, and in turn spews out a pouncing tiger that then spews out another pouncing tiger about to attack Gala and a rifle with a bayonet that is about to sting her in the arm.	Above them is Dalí's first use of an elephant with long flamingo legs, found in his later compositions such as The Temptation of St. Anthony.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dream%20Caused%20by%20the%20Flight%20of%20a%20Bee%20Around%20a%20Pomegranate%20a%20Second%20Before%20Awakening	Dream Caused by the Flight of a Bee Around a Pomegranate a Second Before Awakening
METONYMIC	CAUSER	creek	According to one blogger, during heavy rains, the creek could be heard near the Sohmer and Company Piano Factory, across from Socrates Sculpture Park.	During excavations for a sewer line at Vernon Boulevard and Broadway in 1957, construction workers found remnants of the former grist mill on the creek's mouth.	Legacy The creek now exists underground as part of a sewage tunnel, which was documented online by urban explorer Steven Duncan.	In 2011 and 2012, the Socrates Sculpture Park and Noguchi Museum commissioned a work from artist Mary Miss, entitled Ravenswood/CaLL, which consisted of several signs and mirrors along the course of the creek.	References Rivers of New York (state) History of Queens, New York Long Island City East River Rivers of Queens, New York Subterranean rivers of the United States Astoria, Queens	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunswick%20Creek	Sunswick Creek
LITERAL	CAUSER	siren	According to reports, Bochatay was moving at a speed of more than and was unable to hear the machine's warning siren.	Speed skiing – Considered one of the most dangerous events in the sporting world, the event won a chance to be evaluated by the members of the International Olympic Committee and the FIS, with the possibility of appearing in the program of a future edition.	However, this possibility was extinguished when Swiss skier Nicolas Bochatay ran into a snow-grooming vehicle during a training run, dying immediately.	His death is the subject of several controversies, as speed skiing was not a part of the official program.	After this incident, the sport was excluded from any evaluation for future additions to the Olympic program.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1992%20Winter%20Olympics	1992 Winter Olympics
LITERAL	CAUSER	musician	According to Sal Treppiedi of The Great Beyond Music Blog "This may be the hardest working musician you have never heard of.".	David Porteous is a Canadian singer/songwriter, documentary filmmaker, music producer, photographer and comedy writer from Toronto, Ontario, Canada.	Porteous has written and recorded over 30 solo music releases, had his first radio play on CBC Radio 2 at the age of 14, wrote music for an HBO pilot, and has released multiple documentary films.	Porteous has been chosen by NOW magazine as NXNE Critics Pick, has been featured during Canadian Music Week, CMJ Music Marathon in New York, had features on the CBC, BBC, and The Toronto Star.,	and was nominated as 1 of 20 out of 6000+ applications to become a torchbearer for the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Porteous	David Porteous
METONYMIC	CAUSER	choir	Act 3In the palace chapel a choir is heard (Muta, insensibile).	His mother had entrusted him to Ernesto after she had been banished from the court.	Azzo recognizes Ugo as his son, and appears to rescind the order for his death.	Parisina prays that Ugo will be saved.	Imelda arrives bringing a letter from Ugo, asking Parisina to escape with him.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parisina%20%28Donizetti%29	Parisina (Donizetti)
LITERAL	CAUSER	surroundings	Active noise cancellation can be turned off or switched to "transparency mode" that helps users hear surroundings.	The AirPods Pro use the H1 chip also found in the second and third generation AirPods, that supports hands-free "Hey Siri".	They have active noise cancellation, accomplished by microphones detecting outside sound and speakers producing precisely opposite "anti-noise".	Noise cancellation modes can also be switched in iOS or by pinching the stems of the AirPods using the force sensor.	The H1 chip is embedded in a unique system in a package (SiP) module enclosing several other components, such as the audio processor and accelerometers.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AirPods%20Pro	AirPods Pro
LITERAL	CAUSER	key	Actually we can detect every candidate key with this procedureby simply trying every possible order of removing attributes.	We call the result .	If is the set of all attributes, then is a candidate key.	However there are many more permutations of attributes () than subsets ().	That is, many attribute orders will lead to the same candidate key.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candidate%20key	Candidate key
LITERAL	CAUSER	crowd	Adamick could not land the final blow before the bell ended the round, silencing the crowd of 15,000 rooting for a knockout.	Lewis outboxed, and outpunched his rival in the first seven rounds, but appeared to tire in the eighth.	In the ninth, he was stunned by a crushing right that appeared to leave him unconscious on his feet, before he recovered and clinched.	In the tenth, Lewis was quickly stunned by a solid left hook to the body and retreated, but used his experience and well-timed clinches to hang on.	Dodging several of Adamick's best blows, Lewis gained confidence and lashed out with stiff rights to the face before the final bell ended the match.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Henry%20Lewis	John Henry Lewis
LITERAL	CAUSER	chords	After a bar of silence, the first theme briefly reprises, building rapidly to concluding chords that echo the second theme before subsiding into a quiet end.	Finale The finale begins with a restatement of the first movement's primary theme in both F minor and F major, before transitioning into a fugue based on its second theme.	The fugue builds to a climax, ending abruptly on the C major dominant, instead of resolving into either F major or minor.	It has been called "the most remarkable cadence in the whole of Schubert's work", as he manages to condense the dichotomies of the two themes into the final eight bars of the work.	Transcriptions In 1961, Russian composer Dimitri Kabalevsky orchestrated the work, producing a virtuoso piece for one piano soloist playing with a symphony orchestra.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fantasia%20in%20F%20minor%20%28Schubert%29	Fantasia in F minor (Schubert)
METONYMIC	CAUSER	train	After hiding under a truck, they hear a train and lure the Dinocroc across the tracks.	They trap the Dinocroc in the tunnel and gas him, seemingly killing it.	While a local news crew is taping Kennedy (who arrived after the creature's death) inside the tunnel, telling the reporter false stories about the events, the Dinocroc awakens; it then kills Kennedy and comes after Tom and Diane, who are left after the news crew drives away quickly in terror.	It is rammed by a passing train, followed by Tom stabbing it in the eye to the brain with a small pipe as revenge for Michael's death.	As the sun rises the next day, Diane and Tom drive away, contemplating leaving for a vacation together just to get away for a while.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinocroc	Dinocroc
LITERAL	CAUSER	performer	After Joe leaves, Madison informs Anabel that her research on him was incomplete; he recognized "Joe's" voice as that of a radio performer he listens to frequently.	At first, Madison congratulates them, but after thinking about it, makes his own bid for her hand.	Anabel leaves the decision up to Joe, who bows out, saying that he only wants her to be happy.	Madison and Anabel are soon discussing their wedding plans with a clergyman.	Cast Cary Grant as Dr. Madison W. Brown Franchot Tone as Roger Sanford Diana Lynn as Julie Hudson Betsy Drake as Anabel Sims Alan Mowbray as Mr. Spitzer Elisabeth Risdon as Nurse Mary Nolan Richard Gaines as Sam McNutt Harry Hayden as Gogarty Chick Chandler as Harry, the Soda Clerk Leon Belasco as Violinist Fred Essler as Pierre, the Restaurant Owner Anna Q. Nilsson as Saleslady Eddie Albert as Harry Proctor, aka "Old Joe" (uncredited) Production Every Girl Should Be Married was based on a short story written by Eleanor Harris in an October 1947 edition of the Ladies' Home Journal.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Every%20Girl%20Should%20Be%20Married	Every Girl Should Be Married
LITERAL	CAUSER	shore	After just a year at sea, Harvey was back on shore attending gunnery courses at , qualifying in 1896 as an instructor first class in naval gunnery.	After leaving school, Harvey chose a military career and was accepted by both the Royal Military College, Sandhurst and the Royal Naval College, Greenwich for officer training.	Choosing the latter school as a Royal Marines officer cadet, Harvey graduated in 1892 and the following year was made a full lieutenant, joining for his first seagoing commission.	Harvey was appointed to the cruiser when she was commissioned at Devonport on 8 June 1897 for service on the Pacific Station.	In 1898, whilst on the Phaeton, he was thanked by the Admiralty for an report he rendered on San Diego Harbour.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis%20Harvey	Francis Harvey
LITERAL	CAUSER	amplifier	After manipulation at line level, signals are then typically sent to a power amplifier, where they are amplified to levels that can drive headphones or loudspeakers.	These signals must be amplified to line level, where they are more easily manipulated by other devices such as mixing consoles and tape recorders.	Such amplification is performed by a device known as a preamplifier or "preamp", which boosts the signal to line level.	These convert the signals back into sounds that can be heard through the air.	Most phonograph cartridges also have a low output level and require a preamp; typically, a home stereo integrated amplifier or receiver will have a special phono input.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Line%20level	Line level
LITERAL	CAUSER	bicycle	After noticing a pink bicycle in their garage, Sarah asks Mitch if she has a daughter.	The mother is for the idea, the father against it.	Sarah and Holder later arrive at the Larsen home, where Mitch says that she and her husband spent the weekend camping out of cell-phone range.	Mitch tells Sarah and Holder that Rosie went to a Halloween dance on Friday.	Rosie had told her that "only freshmen wore costumes" and wore a pink sweater.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilot%20%28The%20Killing%29	Pilot (The Killing)
LITERAL	CAUSER	bell	After numerous pairings of bell and food, the dogs learned that the bell signaled that food was about to come, and began to salivate when they heard the bell.	Pavlov rang a bell before presenting the meat powder.	The first time Pavlov rang the bell, the neutral stimulus, the dogs did not salivate, but once he put the meat powder in their mouths they began to salivate.	Once this occurred, the bell became the conditioned stimulus (CS) and the salivation to the bell became the conditioned response (CR).	Classical conditioning has been demonstrated in many species.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Learning	Learning
METONYMIC	CAUSER	helicopter	After the credits, a helicopter is heard approaching.	As he crawls towards a window, Blazkowicz mentally recites "The New Colossus" as he watches the Resistance survivors board a helicopter.	Believing that they have reached safety, Blazkowicz gives instructions to fire the nuclear cannon.	Development After developer MachineGames was founded, the employees began brainstorming ideas, and pitching them to publishers.	In June 2009, MachineGames owner ZeniMax Media acquired id Software and all of its property, including Doom, Quake and Wolfenstein.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfenstein%3A%20The%20New%20Order	Wolfenstein: The New Order
LITERAL	CAUSER	crowd	After the inaugural address and oath of office, Madison and his wife, Dolley Madison, welcomed visitors at their home on F Street where the huge crowd overwhelmed them.	According to spectators in the gallery, Madison spoke softly at first with an obvious tremble but addressed the chamber more loudly as his speech went on.	The new president wore a black suit.	They subsequently attended an inaugural ball at Long's Hotel.	Wearing a velvet dress, Dolley, the new First Lady, drew large crowds of admirers at the ball, while Madison described the occasion as exhausting and unpleasant.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First%20inauguration%20of%20James%20Madison	First inauguration of James Madison
LITERAL	CAUSER	herbs	After the Polish borș, Greek dishes would follow, boiled with herbs floating in butter, and finally cosmopolitan steaks".	Also, Negruzzi writes in "Alexandru Lăpușneanu": "In Moldavia, at this time, fine food wasn't fashioned.	The greatest feast only offered a few types of dishes.	Cheese has been a part of Romanian cuisine since ancient history.	Brânză is the generic term for cheese in Romanian; it is originally a Dacian word.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanian%20cuisine	Romanian cuisine
LITERAL	CAUSER	waves	After the radio waves echoed off the surface of the Moon, the return signal was detected and the delay time measured.	Radar An experiment was conducted in 1957 at the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory that used the echo from radar signals to determine the Earth-Moon distance.	Radar pulses lasting were broadcast from a diameter radio dish.	From that measurement, the distance could be calculated.	In practice, however, the signal-to-noise ratio was so low that an accurate measurement could not be reliably produced.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunar%20distance%20%28astronomy%29	Lunar distance (astronomy)
LITERAL	CAUSER	shower	After the shower they listen to Uncle Seppo, who reads them stories.	6.00 p.m. The maids leave for the day.	7.00 p.m. It is already completely dark, so the children like to gather to the livingroom, from which they go off to evening shower, girls and boys starting on alternative basis.	Then follows an evening hymn and prayers.	The evening meal can be eaten before or after the evening gathering.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Finnish%20dormitory%20in%20Taichung	The Finnish dormitory in Taichung
LITERAL	CAUSER	bee	After these revisions, the bee flies sensu stricto have a greater morphological homogeneity, but the monophyly of the family still remains dubious.	Zaitzev (1991) moved the genus Mythicomyia and several other minor genera in the family Mythicomyiidae, Yeates (1992, 1994) shifted the entire subfamily of Proratinae, with the exception of Apystomyia, into the family of Scenopinidae and subsequently the genus Apystomyia into the family Hilarimorphidae.	Nagatomi & Liu (1994) moved Apystomyia into a family of their own (Apystomyiidae.	Phylogenetic analysis of CAD and 28S rDNA gene sequences supports monophyly of only eight subfamilies out of fifteen included in the study, with the Bombyliinae resolving as a highly polyphyletic group.	Overall, the family includes about 4700 described species, distributed among 270 genera.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombyliidae	Bombyliidae
LITERAL	CAUSER	bell	After this incident, he interrogated Joseph the Bellmaker and attempted to force him to build a tower for the enormous bell he captured.	The pirate king returned to his fortress, Fort Bladegirt, where one of his captains named Bludrigg demanded a share of their most recent plunder.	Gabool feigned an air of compliance, but swiftly beheaded Bludrigg.	This fails, but Gabool was able to successfully persuade the Bellmaker to interpret the mysterious symbols on the bell in exchange for promises of a reunion with the latter's daughter.	Gabool, technically upholding this promise, proceeds to shove the old mouse off of the cliff he had been watching the mousemaid being battered by the sea from before.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariel%20of%20Redwall	Mariel of Redwall
METONYMIC	CAUSER	organ	After this middle section, the verses return, with Morrison, singing in a sadder tone to "make a grave for the Unknown Soldier," with a mysterious organ being heard.	NONE	followed by the sounds of loading rifles and a long military drum roll, a pause and then rifle shots.	The song ends with Morrison's ecstatic celebration of a war being over, with sounds of crowds cheering and bells tolling.	The lyrics are viewed as Morrison's reaction to the Vietnam War and the way that conflict was portrayed in American media at the time, with lines such as "Breakfast where the news is read/ Television children fed/ Unborn living, living dead/ Bullets strike the helmet's head" reflecting how news of the war was being presented in the living rooms of ordinary people.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waiting%20for%20the%20Sun	Waiting for the Sun
LITERAL	CAUSER	symphony	After this performance, the symphony was rarely heard until 1977 when Sir Charles Groves performed and recorded the piece with the Royal Liverpool Philharmonic Orchestra.	The symphony was officially premièred in Melbourne, Australia in November 1963 by the Melbourne Symphony Orchestra conducted by Sir Bernard Heinze (in 1982, Williamson wrote the orchestral work In Thanksgiving - Sir Bernard Heinze, which was written shortly after hearing of Heinze's death.	It was premièred in Sydney later that year).	Although the symphony has since had few performances, they are gradually mounting as the profile of both the symphony and the composer begins to gain height.	Orchestration 2 flutes (2nd doubling piccolo), 2 oboes (2nd doubling cor Anglais), 2 clarinets (2nd doubling bass clarinet), 2 bassoons (2nd doubling contrabassoon), 4 horns, 3 trumpets, 3 trombones, tuba, timpani, percussion (gong, clash cymbals, suspended cymbal, triangle, 3 woodblocks, bass drum, snare drum & tenor drum), and strings.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symphony%20No.%201%20%28Williamson%29	Symphony No. 1 (Williamson)
METONYMIC	CAUSER	sea	Ah, you really can hear the sea.	Cherchez la femme' as they say.	Now where... Aha!	And a song from long ago, of two pearl fishers who swore they would always be friends, and..." 6. "	Au fond du temple saint", also from Bizet's Les pêcheurs de perles, sung by Nicolai Gedda and Ernest Blanc.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Op%C3%A9ra%20imaginaire	Opéra imaginaire
LITERAL	CAUSER	pistol	Alien ArsenalPrimary weapon of choice is a Rannian laser pistol among other assorted weapons and munitions picked up from across the galaxy.	The jetpack is a twin-engine propulsion system attached to a harness adorning his back capable of aerial aviation for an undisclosed amount of time.	Strange is also versed in other kinds of rocket propulsion equipment like a booster system with hidden back up blasters, with his equipment Strange can also make escape velocity in order to break planetary orbit.	Adam Strange is a crack marksman with just about any ranged weapon on hand at the time, the gun comes with a targeting system conductor when worked in tandem with his costume and has a stun setting for non-lethal application.	Other munitions in his arsenal include Holo-Blasters, which are Hard-Light Energy arms that Strange can use to conjure any number of ordinance or enhanced protective shielding with while in a firefight.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam%20Strange	Adam Strange
METONYMIC	CAUSER	waves	All the time, he hears the waves, the sun shouting: "Push the whale back in the sea", which pressures him.	The title is a pun on the word "Wahlkampf", which means "election campaign" in German.	The song is about a dream by the narrator, where he finds a whale on a beach and struggles to push it back to the water, but doesn't have enough strength for that.	He hopes to get help from a Greenpeace ship he sees, but right before his eyes, it sinks.	The next day he has sore muscles and gets under the shower but then his girlfriend urges him to "push the whale back in the sea" and on it goes.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walkampf	Walkampf
METONYMIC	CAUSER	clock	Allegedly, the clock could be heard four miles away, and people synchronised their watches with the sound of the tower's bell.	Michel Cerkess, Okotavata Setoor Sevorg, Aga Amnius, and Merkers Poges helped build the church.	In the fifty years following the church's construction, a clock tower was erected on its western side.	The clock stopped in 1880, and an earthquake destroyed the tower in 1897.	The Armenians played a prominent part in the jute trade in Dhaka and are reputed to be the pioneers of that trade in the second half of the 19th century.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenian%20Church%2C%20Dhaka	Armenian Church, Dhaka
LITERAL	CAUSER	group	Allman said the group listened back to the demos "over and over, getting stoked talking about what we wanted to do with them".	After that, everything just fell into place."	Following a period of homelessness, the group recorded a demo release, Demos from the Basement.	The group eventually gave a copy to John Feldmann of Goldfinger, "but he would tell us they totally sucked", Allman added.	The band subsequently honed their sound before Feldmann flew the group out to Los Angeles, where they played label showcases without any success initially.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Used%20%28album%29	The Used (album)
METONYMIC	CAUSER	violin	AllMusic writer Bruce Eder praised Way's violin solo but claimed that the song "doesn't really take off until Way's instrument comes in on the break".	It was ranked the seventh best Jethro Tull song by Rock - Das Gesamtwerk der größten Rock-Acts im Check.	David Bowling of the Seattle Post-Intelligencer named the song the second best track on the album, stating, "Barre's guitar and Glascock's bass performances provide a nice foundation for Anderson's poetry".	Melody Maker praised the song's second half and orchestral arrangement, but criticized the lyrics for being "insignificant".	Ian Anderson has named the song one of his top ten Jethro Tull songs.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy%20Horses%20%28song%29	Heavy Horses (song)
LITERAL	CAUSER	precipitation	Along with providing better detail of detected precipitation and other mesoscale features, Super Resolution also provides additional detail to aid in other severe storm analysis.	This allows for faster lead time on warnings and extends the useful range of the radar.	The increased resolution (in both azimuth and range) increases the detail of such rotations, giving a more accurate representation of the storm.	Super Resolution extends the range of velocity data and provides it faster than before, also allowing for faster lead time on potential tornado detection and subsequent warnings.	Dual polarization WSR-88D sites across the nation have been upgraded to polarimetric radar, which adds a vertical polarization to the traditional horizontally polarized radar waves, in order to more accurately discern what is reflecting the signal.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NEXRAD	NEXRAD
LITERAL	CAUSER	group	Also that year, the group toured with Bob Dylan, as heard on the album Dylan & the Dead.	After beginning to curtail his opiate usage in 1985 gradually, Garcia slipped into a diabetic coma for several days in July 1986.	After he recovered, the band released In the Dark in July 1987, which became their best selling studio album and produced their only top-40 single, "Touch of Grey".	Mydland died after the summer tour in 1990 and Vince Welnick, former keyboardist for the Tubes, joined as a band member, while Bruce Hornsby, who had a successful career with his band the Range, joined as a touring member.	Both performed on keyboards and vocals—Welnick until the band's end, and Hornsby mainly from 1990 to 1992.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grateful%20Dead	Grateful Dead
METONYMIC	CAUSER	fiddle	Although he didn't tour with them, Mazurek's fiddle is heard on a number of recordings by the band Max Mouse and the Gorillas.	In 2000 he played fiddle on Aengus Finnan's album Fool's Gold.	and in 2002 he played violin on Tom Savage's album Brand of Symphony.	He also performed a series of concerts in Mt. Tabor with Sneezy Waters.	Mazurek and fellow musicians Jeanette Arsenault and Bill Ostrander performed under the name "Fiddle and Frostbite".	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeke%20Mazurek	Zeke Mazurek
LITERAL	CAUSER	artist	Amanda's career got a huge boost when Elton John named her as an artist he's currently listening to, when he appeared on The Rosie Show.	In the interview, she explained to the radio host that "a new CD is in the works", and that she was "hopeful" of its release in 2013.	In an article, she said that the record was "70% done".	Discography Studio albums Compilations Singles Promotional singles References External links 1972 births Living people Canadian people of Trinidad and Tobago descent The Royal Conservatory of Music alumni Canadian women singer-songwriters Musicians from Toronto Epic Records artists 21st-century Black Canadian women singers Canadian women pop singers 20th-century Black Canadian women singers	NONE	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amanda%20Marshall	Amanda Marshall
LITERAL	CAUSER	guitar	Among its notable features, "Train Kept A'Rollin'" displayed a ground-breaking fuzzed guitar.	The Rough Guide Music USA indicates the band is best known for their rendition of this song.	In Billy Poore's Rockabilly: A Forty-Year Journey, he describes the single "Train Kept A'Rollin'", backed with "Honey Hush", as "two of the best all-time rockabilly cuts ever", "what pure, scorching, unrestrained rockabilly music should sound like".	This resulted from an accident, when a valve in the amplifier of the guitarist Paul Burlison came loose before a gig in Philadelphia.	The distorted sound that resulted proved so popular that Burlison intentionally repeated it in future performance.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny%20Burnette%20and%20the%20Rock%20%27n%20Roll%20Trio	Johnny Burnette and the Rock 'n Roll Trio
LITERAL	CAUSER	clock	Among the gifts the Rocket received was an alarm clock, which would continually sound unchecked, due to Richard's inability to turn the alarm off.	A Farewell to the Rocket The 14th game was the first all-star game that did not have Maurice "Rocket" Richard in the lineup, as he had retired after winning the Stanley Cup a year ago.	The pre-game events both honored the all-stars, as was the norm, but was also a celebration of the Rocket's career.	Replacing the Rocket in the Habs' lineup was Bill Hicke, who played alongside Richard's old linemates, Dickie Moore and younger brother Henri Richard.	Other no-shows in this all-star game was Ab McDonald, who was traded to the Chicago Black Hawks, as well as Dean Prentice and Phil Goyette, who were both out with an injury.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/14th%20National%20Hockey%20League%20All-Star%20Game	14th National Hockey League All-Star Game
LITERAL	CAUSER	world	Among those myths is Ragnarök, in which the Norse gods, the Æsir, are defeated by the giants, and the world is drowned.	This redemption might or might not be available, however, to pre-Christian pagans, even if, like Aragorn, they were clearly virtuous.	Tolkien shared his pessimistic outlook with Norse mythology, in which he was an expert.	Shippey writes that the heroic Norse response to such a gloomy picture was defiance, a pagan Northern courage, appearing in The Lord of the Rings as a consistent good cheer, a willingness to keep going and to keep smiling, even in the face of apparent disaster.	Fading of an imagined prehistory The Tolkien scholar Marjorie Burns notes in Mythlore that the "sense of inevitable disintegration" in The Lord of the Rings is borrowed from the Nordic world view which emphasises "imminent or threatening destruction".	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decline%20and%20fall%20in%20Middle-earth	Decline and fall in Middle-earth
METONYMIC	CAUSER	flute	An alto flute is briefly heard in The Beatles song "You've Got to Hide Your Love Away", played by John Scott.	Several modal jazz and avant-garde jazz performers have utilized the flute including Eric Dolphy, Sam Rivers and James Spaulding.	Jethro Tull is probably the best-known rock group to make regular use of the flute, which is played by its frontman, Ian Anderson.	The Beatles would later feature a flute more prominently in their single "Penny Lane".	Other groups that have used the flute in pop and rock songs include The Moody Blues, Chicago, Australian groups Men at Work and King Gizzard & the Lizard Wizard, the Canadian progressive rock group Harmonium, Dutch bands Focus and early Golden Earring, and the British groups Traffic, Genesis, Gong (although its flautist/saxophonist Didier Malherbe was French), Hawkwind, King Crimson, Camel, and Van der Graaf Generator.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western%20concert%20flute	Western concert flute
METONYMIC	CAUSER	ambulance	An ambulance being dispatched by the outside (non-FDNY) agency is heard.	The Commission report says the North Tower lobby command may not have worked because of a technical problem, the volume control turned all the way down, or because a button that must be pressed to enable it had not been pushed.	On the audio track, an outside agency, possibly in New Jersey and using a repeater, comes through the receive audio on the Port Authority Repeater 7 system.	This may be what the FDNY had described as interference caused when the repeater was left enabled at all times.	The distant user appears to be repeated through the system, (possibly on the same CTCSS tone as was configured in Repeater 7).	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communication%20during%20the%20September%2011%20attacks	Communication during the September 11 attacks
LITERAL	CAUSER	amplifier	An audio amplifier amplifies audio frequencies.	A narrowband amp amplifies a specific narrow range of frequencies, to the exclusion of other frequencies.	An RF amplifier amplifies signals in the radio frequency range of the electromagnetic spectrum, and is often used to increase the sensitivity of a receiver or the output power of a transmitter.	This category subdivides into small signal amplification, and power amps that are optimised to driving speakers, sometimes with multiple amps grouped together as separate or bridgeable channels to accommodate different audio reproduction requirements.	Frequently used terms within audio amplifiers include: Preamplifier (preamp.),	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amplifier	Amplifier
LITERAL	CAUSER	speaker	An elderly Irish-speaker (Kelly) at the end of the bar listens in awe at the Asian man speaking his language fluently, invites him for a drink, and explains the misunderstanding.	Yu Ming then heads to a bar in order to seek work and again his Irish lets him down.	He asks the barman, "Tá mé ag lorg obair" ("I am looking for work") and the barman stares blankly at him, not understanding a word.	Yu Ming is later shown working as a bartender in the Gaeltacht (Irish-speaking) area of Connemara.	A phrase that recurs throughout the film is "An bhfuil tusa ag labhairt liomsa?" ("	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yu%20Ming%20Is%20Ainm%20Dom	Yu Ming Is Ainm Dom
LITERAL	CAUSER	foliage	An elevated walkway, called the Fort Siloso skywalk, was opened in 2015, giving visitors an aerial view of the fort and its surrounding foliage.	This attraction was once served by the Fort Siloso Monorail Station of the discontinued Sentosa Monorail.	After the monorail closed in 2005, the station was repurposed to add on to this attraction.	Mega Adventure Park, located at the top of Mount Imbiah, is Singapore's first adventure park with one of the longest and steepest zip wires in Asia (MegaZip), a 3-level, 40 feet-high aerial rope course (ClimbMax), a 50-foot high free fall simulator (ParaJump) and a challenging 16-metre-high rock climbing wall (NorthFace).	At over 450 metres long and 72 metres above sea level, MegaZip is Asia's most extreme zip line.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sentosa	Sentosa
METONYMIC	CAUSER	explosion	An explosion echoes through the town: The blockage has been exploded by dynamite, causing the flood waters to recede.	It is delivered to Lord Esketh by mistake, and he begs Dr. Safti to go, admitting that he loves Edwina and always has.	Dr. Safti is so busy saving lives that he cannot go.	At the mission, Dr. Safti figures out that it was Ransome who risked his life to save the people of Ranchipur.	Shafti comes to Edwina at last.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Rains%20of%20Ranchipur	The Rains of Ranchipur
METONYMIC	CAUSER	explosion	An explosion reverberates in the distance and the then-crown prince runs back into the house without having reached the other side.	Book contents In "Our Last Best Chance", King Abdullah writes as both a monarch bestowing wisdom from above and as a man whose life has been intertwined with war and making the case for peace.	The memoir opens during the 1967 war, when the King, then a toddler, is dared by his brother to race across the lawn in the middle of an Israeli air raid.	The incident serves as a potent symbol: Unsolved, the Israeli-Palestinian conflict looms over the region, threatening to disrupt daily life at a moment's notice.	The King goes on to detail his formative years, from staring down anti-Arab stereotypes at a US boarding school to his military career in Zarqa and proposing to Rania Yassin on Tal Rumman.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Our%20Last%20Best%20Chance	Our Last Best Chance
METONYMIC	CAUSER	truck	An ice cream truck is then heard and Julie exits.	Eventually, she coerces him into saying what he wants the most, which he says is Julie.	Julie then appears, at age twenty one, doing a crossword puzzle and asking Jake for the answers.	Jake then continues to talk to Edith, getting angrier and angrier at her as she continuously taunts and mocks him.	Maggie then enters and Jake fixes her a drink, Edith 'fades out' while telling Jake that he always has options and to listen to his wife.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jake%27s%20Women	Jake's Women
LITERAL	CAUSER	insect	An old provincial name, "dumbledor", also denoted a buzzing insect such as a bumblebee or cockchafer, "dumble" probably imitating the sound of these insects, while "dor" meant "beetle".	The latter term was used in A Midsummer Night's Dream () by William Shakespeare, "The honie-bags steale from the humble Bees."	Similar terms are used in other Germanic languages, such as the German (Old High German ), Dutch or Swedish .	In On the Origin of Species (1859), Charles Darwin speculated about "humble-bees" and their interactions with other species: However, "bumblebee" remained in use, for example in The Tale of Mrs. Tittlemouse (1910) by Beatrix Potter, "Suddenly round a corner, she met Babbitty Bumble--"Zizz, Bizz, Bizzz!"	said the bumble bee."	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bumblebee	Bumblebee
LITERAL	CAUSER	organ	An organ pipe is a sound-producing element of the pipe organ that resonates at a specific pitch when pressurized air (commonly referred to as wind) is driven through it.	NONE	NONE	Each pipe is tuned to a specific note of the musical scale.	A set of organ pipes of similar timbre comprising the complete scale is known as a rank; one or more ranks constitutes a stop.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organ%20pipe	Organ pipe
LITERAL	CAUSER	protein	Analysis of the adult-stage C. oncophora ES, covered both the protein and glycan components.	Further detailed analysis of transcriptomic data and their comparison with genomic data will provide more depth insights about parasite lifecycle and what different genes are important in the free living and parasitic stages.	Excretome/secretome project Excretome/secretome (ES) components essentially consist of proteins and other compounds that are secreted from the parasite and it constitutes the primary interface between parasite and host and may be further exploited as potential vaccine candidates.	Several proteins were identified that have also been detected in the ES of other nematode species.	Which include two different ASPs (activation- associated secreted proteins).	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cooperia%20oncophora	Cooperia oncophora
LITERAL	CAUSER	singer	and said of Houston: "When I first heard her, I called Clive Davis and said, 'You finally found the greatest singer I've ever heard in my life.	He said, "First, it was Michael Jackson, then Amy Winehouse, now, the magnificent Whitney Houston."	Bennett sang "How Do You Keep the Music Playing?"	Some celebrities opposed Davis's decision to continue with the party while a police investigation was being conducted in Houston's hotel room and her body was still in the building.	Chaka Khan, in an interview with CNN's Piers Morgan on February 13, 2012, shared that she felt the party should have been canceled, saying: "I thought that was complete insanity.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whitney%20Houston	Whitney Houston

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Paper- ConMeC: A Dataset for Metonymy Resolution with Common Nouns

Citation-

If you use this dataset, please cite:

@misc{ghosh2025conmecdatasetmetonymyresolution, 
      title={ConMeC: A Dataset for Metonymy Resolution with Common Nouns}, 
      author={Saptarshi Ghosh and Tianyu Jiang},  
      year={2025}, 
      eprint={2502.06087}, 
      archivePrefix={arXiv},
      primaryClass={cs.CL},
      url={https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.06087},
}

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