KenanZeynalov/petrol_data · Datasets at Hugging Face

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the transient regime. Appl. Energy. 92, 714–724 (2012)
Petrescu, S., Feidt, M., Harman, C., Costea, M.: Optimization of the irreversible Carnot cycle
engine for maximum efﬁciency and maximum power through use of ﬁnite speed thermody-
namic analysis. Proceedings of the ECOS 2002 International Conference, Berlin, 2, pp
1361–1368 (2002)
Sieniutycz, S., Salamon, P.: Finite-Time Thermodynamics and Thermo-Economics. Taylor &
Francis, New York (1990)
Sokolov, M., Hershgal, D.: Optimal coupling and feasibility of a solar powered year-round ejector
air conditioner. Sol. Energy. 50(6), 507–516 (1993a)
Sokolov, M., Hershgal, D.: Solar-powered compression-enhanced ejector air conditioner. Sol.
Energy. 51, 183–194 (1993b)
Stolk, A.L.: New possibilities for absorption refrigeration Machines for Energy Saving. Int.
J. Refrig. 3, 78–82 (1980)
Suri, R.K., Ayyash, S.: Solar absorption cooling effect on operational parameters on power saving.
Int. J. Refrig. 5, 274–279 (1982)
Van, Z., Chen, J.: An optimal endoreversible three-heat -source refrigerator. J. Appl. Phys. 65, 1–4
(1989)
Vargas, J.V.C., Sokolov, M., Bejan, A.: Thermodynamic optimization of solar-driven refrigera-
tors. J. Solar Energy Eng. 118, 130–135 (1996)
Vargas, J.V.C., Horuz, I., Callander, T.M.S., Fleming, J.S., Parise, J.A.R.: Simulation of the
transient response of heat driven refrigerators with continuous temperature control. Int.
J. Refrig. 21, 648–660 (1998)
Vargas, J.V.C., Parise, J.A.R., Ledezma, G.A., Bianchi, M.V.A.: Thermodynamic optimization of
heat driven refrigerators in the transient regime. Heat Transfer Engineering. 21, 35–45 (2000)
Wijeysundera, N.E.: Performance limits of absorption cycles with external heat-transfer Irrevers-
ibilities. Appl. Therm. Eng. 16(2), 175–181 (1996)
Wijeysundera, N.E.: Performance of three-heat-reservoir absorption cycles with external and
internal irreversibilities. Appl. Therm. Eng. 17(12), 1151–1161 (1997)
Wu, C.: Maximum obtainable speciﬁc cooling load of a refrigerator. Energy Convers. Manag. 36
(1), 7–10 (1995)
Yang, W.Y., Cao, W., Chung, T.S., Morris, J.: Applied Numerical Methods Using MATLAB.
Wiley-Interscience/Wiley, Hoboken (2005)
Modeling, Simulation, and Optimization of an Irrerversible Solar Absorption. . .
1191
Technical-Economic Prefeasibility Assessment
of an Off-Grid Mini-hydropower Plant for an
Agribusiness Resort in Kaduna Nigeria
Victor H. ADAMU, Ampofo Nana, Ario Panggi Pramono Jati,
Ryan Tulabing, and Rojas-Solo
´rzano Luis
1
Introduction
Per capita consumption of electricity in Nigeria is currently estimated to be
149 kWh/year, which is considered very low compared to 13,246 kWh/year per
capita electricity consumption in the USA (World Bank Data 2015). This demon-
strates low access to electricity, which is a consequence of poor electricity gener-
ation and supply. While a large hydropower potential exists in Nigeria, even above
the total electricity demand of the country, by 2013 this technology only accounted
for about 32% of the total installed generation capacity connected to the grid. This
has led to an extensive use of diesel- or gasoline-operated generating sets for
electricity generation for industrial and commercial activities. These emissions
are associated to the wide use of small-scale fossil fuel-powered generators by
about 55% of its 180 million people, yet to be connected to the grid (Nnaji 2011)
(BPE 2011) (Energy Commission 2013) (SEC, 2014). Tuwan Agribusiness Resort
(TAR) in Kaduna State, Nigeria, developed by Premier Agricultural Development
(PAD) Ltd. is an agricultural service provision centre offering agricultural value
chain development services to rural farmers. TAR has demonstration facilities that
show various technologies in production and processing of crops and ﬁsh. The
demonstration facility sits on a 15 hectare plot of land with a stream of water
ﬂowing across it. Requirements for electricity are lighting and powering equipment
in ofﬁces, animal feed production and storage warehouse, recreation spots, lodging
V.H. ADAMU • A. Nana • A.P.P. Jati • R. Tulabing
Ecole des Mines de Nantes, Graduate School of Engineering, PM3E/ME3,
La Chantrerie - 4, rue Alfred Kastler – BP 20722, Nantes 44307, France
R.-S. Luis (*)
Nazarbayev University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
e-mail: [email protected]
© Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature 2018
F. Aloui, I. Dincer (eds.), Exergy for A Better Environment and Improved
Sustainability 2, Green Energy and Technology,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62575-1_83
1193
facility and the ﬁsh ﬁngerling production hatchery. This is currently being met by
two 25 kW diesel generators, which increases the operational cost of running TAR
beyond what is expected when electricity is accessed from the grid and makes the
venture unproﬁtable in the long run in addition to the considerable negative
environmental effects of associated high greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.
Initiatives similar to TAR are fundamental in Nigeria, where there is a need to
support food production activities to enable reduction of hunger and poverty in the
country, with about 70% of the population depending on agriculture for income
(Osugiri et al. 2012) Fig. 1.
With booming energy demands from a growing population, one major house-
hold or business decision is the source of their energy supply, by either renewable
sources, fossil fuels or a combination of both.
This study analyses, at prefeasibility level, the technical, economic and envi-
ronmental advantages of a proposed run-off river, mini-hydro power plant on the
Tuwan River supplying part of the energy demand of TAR in comparison with
supplying the full demand with two 25 kW diesel generators. This is a relevant
project to the community since TAR, an agribusiness service provision outﬁt, is a
social enterprise with a potential to stimulate the creation of over 1000 jobs when
fully operational. The expected medium-term outcome is the provision of a viable
sustainable alternative to electricity supply for TAR, development of local capacity
and community awareness on clean energy and sustainable development, while
motivating research by local communities and tertiary institutions. In addition, it
will serve as guide for other development agencies and small business owners
investing in local communities on meeting their electricity needs beyond the classic
choice of purchasing a diesel generating set (The Economist 2010).
Fig. 1 Tuwan Agribusiness Resort conceptual design Source: Premier Agricultural Development
(Nig.) Limited, 2012
1194

the transient regime. Appl. Energy. 92, 714–724 (2012)

Petrescu, S., Feidt, M., Harman, C., Costea, M.: Optimization of the irreversible Carnot cycle

engine for maximum efﬁciency and maximum power through use of ﬁnite speed thermody-

namic analysis. Proceedings of the ECOS 2002 International Conference, Berlin, 2, pp

1361–1368 (2002)

Sieniutycz, S., Salamon, P.: Finite-Time Thermodynamics and Thermo-Economics. Taylor &

Francis, New York (1990)

Sokolov, M., Hershgal, D.: Optimal coupling and feasibility of a solar powered year-round ejector

air conditioner. Sol. Energy. 50(6), 507–516 (1993a)

Sokolov, M., Hershgal, D.: Solar-powered compression-enhanced ejector air conditioner. Sol.

Energy. 51, 183–194 (1993b)

Stolk, A.L.: New possibilities for absorption refrigeration Machines for Energy Saving. Int.

J. Refrig. 3, 78–82 (1980)

Suri, R.K., Ayyash, S.: Solar absorption cooling effect on operational parameters on power saving.

Int. J. Refrig. 5, 274–279 (1982)

Van, Z., Chen, J.: An optimal endoreversible three-heat -source refrigerator. J. Appl. Phys. 65, 1–4

(1989)

Vargas, J.V.C., Sokolov, M., Bejan, A.: Thermodynamic optimization of solar-driven refrigera-

tors. J. Solar Energy Eng. 118, 130–135 (1996)

Vargas, J.V.C., Horuz, I., Callander, T.M.S., Fleming, J.S., Parise, J.A.R.: Simulation of the

transient response of heat driven refrigerators with continuous temperature control. Int.

J. Refrig. 21, 648–660 (1998)

Vargas, J.V.C., Parise, J.A.R., Ledezma, G.A., Bianchi, M.V.A.: Thermodynamic optimization of

heat driven refrigerators in the transient regime. Heat Transfer Engineering. 21, 35–45 (2000)

Wijeysundera, N.E.: Performance limits of absorption cycles with external heat-transfer Irrevers-

ibilities. Appl. Therm. Eng. 16(2), 175–181 (1996)

Wijeysundera, N.E.: Performance of three-heat-reservoir absorption cycles with external and

internal irreversibilities. Appl. Therm. Eng. 17(12), 1151–1161 (1997)

Wu, C.: Maximum obtainable speciﬁc cooling load of a refrigerator. Energy Convers. Manag. 36

(1), 7–10 (1995)

Yang, W.Y., Cao, W., Chung, T.S., Morris, J.: Applied Numerical Methods Using MATLAB.

Wiley-Interscience/Wiley, Hoboken (2005)

Modeling, Simulation, and Optimization of an Irrerversible Solar Absorption. . .

1191

Technical-Economic Prefeasibility Assessment

of an Off-Grid Mini-hydropower Plant for an

Agribusiness Resort in Kaduna Nigeria

Victor H. ADAMU, Ampofo Nana, Ario Panggi Pramono Jati,

Ryan Tulabing, and Rojas-Solo

´rzano Luis

1

Introduction

Per capita consumption of electricity in Nigeria is currently estimated to be

149 kWh/year, which is considered very low compared to 13,246 kWh/year per

capita electricity consumption in the USA (World Bank Data 2015). This demon-

strates low access to electricity, which is a consequence of poor electricity gener-

ation and supply. While a large hydropower potential exists in Nigeria, even above

the total electricity demand of the country, by 2013 this technology only accounted

for about 32% of the total installed generation capacity connected to the grid. This

has led to an extensive use of diesel- or gasoline-operated generating sets for

electricity generation for industrial and commercial activities. These emissions

are associated to the wide use of small-scale fossil fuel-powered generators by

about 55% of its 180 million people, yet to be connected to the grid (Nnaji 2011)

(BPE 2011) (Energy Commission 2013) (SEC, 2014). Tuwan Agribusiness Resort

(TAR) in Kaduna State, Nigeria, developed by Premier Agricultural Development

(PAD) Ltd. is an agricultural service provision centre offering agricultural value

chain development services to rural farmers. TAR has demonstration facilities that

show various technologies in production and processing of crops and ﬁsh. The

demonstration facility sits on a 15 hectare plot of land with a stream of water

ﬂowing across it. Requirements for electricity are lighting and powering equipment

in ofﬁces, animal feed production and storage warehouse, recreation spots, lodging

V.H. ADAMU • A. Nana • A.P.P. Jati • R. Tulabing

Ecole des Mines de Nantes, Graduate School of Engineering, PM3E/ME3,

La Chantrerie - 4, rue Alfred Kastler – BP 20722, Nantes 44307, France

R.-S. Luis (*)

Nazarbayev University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan

e-mail: [email protected]

F. Aloui, I. Dincer (eds.), Exergy for A Better Environment and Improved

Sustainability 2, Green Energy and Technology,

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62575-1_83

1193

facility and the ﬁsh ﬁngerling production hatchery. This is currently being met by

two 25 kW diesel generators, which increases the operational cost of running TAR

beyond what is expected when electricity is accessed from the grid and makes the

venture unproﬁtable in the long run in addition to the considerable negative

environmental effects of associated high greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.

Initiatives similar to TAR are fundamental in Nigeria, where there is a need to

support food production activities to enable reduction of hunger and poverty in the

country, with about 70% of the population depending on agriculture for income

(Osugiri et al. 2012) Fig. 1.

With booming energy demands from a growing population, one major house-

hold or business decision is the source of their energy supply, by either renewable

sources, fossil fuels or a combination of both.

This study analyses, at prefeasibility level, the technical, economic and envi-

ronmental advantages of a proposed run-off river, mini-hydro power plant on the

Tuwan River supplying part of the energy demand of TAR in comparison with

supplying the full demand with two 25 kW diesel generators. This is a relevant

project to the community since TAR, an agribusiness service provision outﬁt, is a

social enterprise with a potential to stimulate the creation of over 1000 jobs when

fully operational. The expected medium-term outcome is the provision of a viable

sustainable alternative to electricity supply for TAR, development of local capacity

and community awareness on clean energy and sustainable development, while

motivating research by local communities and tertiary institutions. In addition, it

will serve as guide for other development agencies and small business owners

investing in local communities on meeting their electricity needs beyond the classic

choice of purchasing a diesel generating set (The Economist 2010).

Fig. 1 Tuwan Agribusiness Resort conceptual design Source: Premier Agricultural Development

(Nig.) Limited, 2012

1194