"""
A sas7bdat reader. File format taken from
https://github.com/BioStatMatt/sas7bdat/blob/master/inst/doc/sas7bdat.rst
"""
import os
import sys
import struct
import locale
import logging
import platform
from cStringIO import StringIO
from datetime import datetime, timedelta
from collections import namedtuple

from pandas import DataFrame

__all__ = ['SAS7BDAT']


def _debug(t, v, tb):
    if hasattr(sys, 'ps1') or not sys.stderr.isatty():
        sys.__excepthook__(t, v, tb)
    else:
        import pdb
        import traceback
        traceback.print_exception(t, v, tb)
        print
        pdb.pm()
        os._exit(1)


def _getColorEmit(fn):
    # This doesn't work on Windows since Windows doesn't support
    # the ansi escape characters
    def _new(handler):
        levelno = handler.levelno
        if levelno >= logging.CRITICAL:
            color = '\x1b[31m'  # red
        elif levelno >= logging.ERROR:
            color = '\x1b[31m'  # red
        elif levelno >= logging.WARNING:
            color = '\x1b[33m'  # yellow
        elif levelno >= logging.INFO:
            color = '\x1b[32m'  # green or normal
        elif levelno >= logging.DEBUG:
            color = '\x1b[35m'  # pink
        else:
            color = '\x1b[0m'   # normal
        handler.msg = color + handler.msg + '\x1b[0m'  # normal
        return fn(handler)
    return _new


class SAS7BDAT(object):
    MAGIC = "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\xc2\xea\x81\x60"\
            "\xb3\x14\x11\xcf\xbd\x92\x08\x00\x09\xc7\x31\x8c\x18\x1f\x10\x11"

    # Host systems known to work
    KNOWNHOSTS = set(["WIN_PRO", "WIN_NT", "WIN_NTSV", "WIN_SRV", "WIN_ASRV",
                      "XP_PRO", "XP_HOME", "NET_ASRV", "NET_DSRV", "NET_SRV",
                      "WIN_98", "W32_VSPRO", "WIN", "WIN_95", "X64_VSPRO",
                      "AIX", "X64_ESRV", "W32_ESRV", "W32_7PRO", "W32_VSHOME",
                      "X64_7HOME", "X64_7PRO", "X64_SRV0", "W32_SRV0",
                      "X64_ES08", "Linux", "HP-UX"])

    # Subheader signatures, 32 and 64 bit, little and big endian
    SUBH_ROWSIZE = set(["\xF7\xF7\xF7\xF7", "\x00\x00\x00\x00\xF7\xF7\xF7\xF7",
                        "\xF7\xF7\xF7\xF7\x00\x00\x00\x00"])
    SUBH_COLSIZE = set(["\xF6\xF6\xF6\xF6", "\x00\x00\x00\x00\xF6\xF6\xF6\xF6",
                        "\xF6\xF6\xF6\xF6\x00\x00\x00\x00"])
    SUBH_COLTEXT = set(["\xFD\xFF\xFF\xFF", "\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFD",
                        "\xFD\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF",
                        "\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFD"])
    SUBH_COLATTR = set(["\xFC\xFF\xFF\xFF", "\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFC",
                        "\xFC\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF",
                        "\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFC"])
    SUBH_COLNAME = set(["\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF",
                        "\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF"])
    SUBH_COLLABS = set(["\xFE\xFB\xFF\xFF", "\xFF\xFF\xFB\xFE",
                        "\xFE\xFB\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF",
                        "\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFB\xFE"])
    SUBH_COLLIST = set(["\xFE\xFF\xFF\xFF", "\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFE",
                        "\xFE\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF",
                        "\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFE"])
    SUBH_SUBHCNT = set(["\x00\xFC\xFF\xFF", "\xFF\xFF\xFC\x00",
                        "\x00\xFC\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF",
                        "\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFC\x00"])

    # Page types
    PAGE_META = 0
    PAGE_DATA = 256        # 1 << 8
    PAGE_MIX = [512, 640]  # 1 << 9, 1 << 9 | 1 << 7
    PAGE_AMD = 1024        # 1 << 10
    PAGE_METC = 16384      # 1 << 14 (compressed data)
    PAGE_COMP = -28672     # ~(1 << 14 | 1 << 13 | 1 << 12)
    PAGE_MIX_DATA = PAGE_MIX + [PAGE_DATA]
    PAGE_META_MIX_AMD = [PAGE_META] + PAGE_MIX + [PAGE_AMD]
    PAGE_ANY = PAGE_META_MIX_AMD + [PAGE_DATA, PAGE_METC, PAGE_COMP]

    def __init__(self, path, logLevel=logging.INFO, formatters=None):
        if logLevel == logging.DEBUG:
            sys.excepthook = _debug
        self.path = path
        self.logger = self._makeLogger(level=logLevel)
        self.header = self._readHeader()
        self.logger.debug(str(self.header))
        self.formatters = formatters or {}

    def _makeLogger(self, level=logging.INFO):
        """
        Create a custom logger with the specified properties.
        """
        logger = logging.getLogger(self.path)
        logger.setLevel(level)
        formatter = logging.Formatter("%(message)s", "%y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
        streamHandler = logging.StreamHandler()
        if platform.system() != 'Windows':
            streamHandler.emit = _getColorEmit(streamHandler.emit)
        streamHandler.setFormatter(formatter)
        logger.addHandler(streamHandler)
        return logger

    def checkMagicNumber(self, header):
        return header[:len(self.MAGIC)] == self.MAGIC

    def readVal(self, fmt, h, start, size):
        newfmt = fmt
        if fmt == 's':
            newfmt = '%ds' % size
        elif fmt == 'numeric':
            newfmt = 'd'
            if size < 8:
                if self.endian == 'little':
                    h = '\x00' * (8 - size) + h
                else:
                    h += '\x00' * (8 - size)
                size = 8
        if self.endian == 'big':
            newfmt = '>%s' % newfmt
        else:
            newfmt = '<%s' % newfmt
        val = struct.unpack(newfmt, h[start:start + size])[0]
        if fmt == 's':
            val = val.strip('\x00')
        return val

    def readColumnAttributes(self, colattr):
        info = []
        Info = namedtuple('ColumnAttributes', ['offset', 'length', 'type'])
        inc = 16 if self.u64 else 12
        for subh in colattr:
            if self.u64:
                attrs = subh.raw[16:16 + ((subh.length - 28) / 16) * 16]
            else:
                attrs = subh.raw[12:12 + ((subh.length - 20) / 12) * 12]
            for i in xrange(0, len(attrs), inc):
                pointer = attrs[i:i + inc]
                if self.u64:
                    offset = self.readVal('q', pointer, 0, 8)
                    length = self.readVal('i', pointer, 8, 4)
                    ctype = self.readVal('b', pointer, 14, 1)
                else:
                    offset = self.readVal('i', pointer, 0, 4)
                    length = self.readVal('i', pointer, 4, 4)
                    ctype = self.readVal('b', pointer, 10, 1)
                assert ctype in (1, 2)
                ctype = 'numeric' if ctype == 1 else 'character'
                info.append(Info(offset, length, ctype))
        return info

    def readColumnNames(self, colname, coltext):
        info = []
        inc = 8 if self.u64 else 4
        for subh in colname:
            if self.u64:
                attrs = subh.raw[16:16 + ((subh.length - 28) / 8) * 8]
            else:
                attrs = subh.raw[12:12 + ((subh.length - 20) / 8) * 8]
            for i in xrange(0, len(attrs), 8):
                pointer = attrs[i:i + 8]
                txt = self.readVal('h', pointer, 0, 2)
                offset = self.readVal('h', pointer, 2, 2) + inc
                length = self.readVal('h', pointer, 4, 2)
                info.append(
                    self.readVal('s', coltext[txt].raw, offset, length)
                )
        return info

    def readColumnLabels(self, collabs, coltext, colcount):
        Info = namedtuple('ColumnLabels', ['format', 'label'])
        if len(collabs) < 1:
            return [Info('', '')] * colcount
        info = []
        inc = 8 if self.u64 else 4
        for subh in collabs:
            base = 46 if self.u64 else 34
            txt = self.readVal('h', subh.raw, base, 2)
            offset = self.readVal('h', subh.raw, base + 2, 2) + inc
            length = self.readVal('h', subh.raw, base + 4, 2)
            fmt = ''
            if length > 0:
                fmt = self.readVal('s', coltext[txt].raw, offset, length)
            base = 52 if self.u64 else 40
            txt = self.readVal('h', subh.raw, base, 2)
            offset = self.readVal('h', subh.raw, base + 2, 2) + inc
            length = self.readVal('h', subh.raw, base + 4, 2)
            label = ''
            if length > 0:
                label = self.readVal('s', coltext[txt].raw, offset, length)
            info.append(Info(fmt, label))
        return info or [Info('', '')] * colcount

    def readPages(self, f, pagecount, pagesize):
        # Read pages
        Page = namedtuple('Page', ['number', 'data', 'type', 'blockcount',
                                   'subheadercount'])
        for i in xrange(pagecount):
            page = f.read(pagesize)
            ptype = self.readVal('h', page, 32 if self.u64 else 16, 2)
            blockcount = 0
            subhcount = 0
            if ptype in self.PAGE_META_MIX_AMD:
                blockcount = self.readVal('h', page, 34 if self.u64 else 18, 2)
                subhcount = self.readVal('h', page, 36 if self.u64 else 20, 2)
            yield Page(i, page, ptype, blockcount, subhcount)

    def readSubheaders(self, f, pagecount, pagesize):
        SubHeader = namedtuple('SubHeader', ['page', 'offset', 'length', 'raw',
                                             'signature', 'compression'])
        oshp = 40 if self.u64 else 24
        lshp = 24 if self.u64 else 12
        lshf = 8 if self.u64 else 4
        dtype = 'q' if self.u64 else 'i'
        for page in self.readPages(f, pagecount, pagesize):
            if page.type not in self.PAGE_META_MIX_AMD:
                continue
            pointers = page.data[oshp:oshp + (page.subheadercount * lshp)]
            for i in xrange(0, len(pointers), lshp):
                pointer = pointers[i:i + lshp]
                offset = self.readVal(dtype, pointer, 0, lshf)
                length = self.readVal(dtype, pointer, lshf, lshf)
                comp = self.readVal('b', pointer, lshf * 2, 1)
                if length > 0:
                    raw = page.data[offset:offset + length]
                    signature = raw[:8 if self.u64 else 4]
                    if comp == 0:
                        comp = None
                    elif comp == 1:
                        comp = 'ignore'
                    elif comp == 4:
                        comp = 'rle'
                    else:
                        self.logger.error('[%s] unknown compression type: %d',
                                          os.path.basename(self.path), comp)
                    yield SubHeader(page.number, offset, length,
                                    raw, signature, comp)

    def _readHeader(self):
        fields = ['headerlength', 'endian', 'platform', 'datecreated',
                  'dataset', 'datemodified', 'pagesize', 'pagecount',
                  'sasrelease', 'sashost', 'osversion', 'osmaker', 'osname',
                  'u64', 'rowcount', 'colcount', 'cols', 'rowcountfp',
                  'rowlength', 'filename', 'compression', 'creator',
                  'creatorproc']
        Info = namedtuple('SAS7BDAT_Header', fields)

        def _repr(self):
            cols = [['Num', 'Name', 'Type', 'Length', 'Format', 'Label']]
            align = ['>', '<', '<', '>', '<', '<']
            colwidth = [len(x) for x in cols[0]]
            for i, col in enumerate(self.cols, 1):
                tmp = [i, col.name, col.attr.type, col.attr.length,
                       col.label.format, col.label.label]
                cols.append(tmp)
                for j, val in enumerate(tmp):
                    colwidth[j] = max(colwidth[j], len(str(val)))
            rows = [' '.join('{0:{1}}'.format(x, colwidth[i])
                    for i, x in enumerate(cols[0]))]
            rows.append(' '.join('-' * colwidth[i]
                                 for i in xrange(len(align))))
            for row in cols[1:]:
                rows.append(' '.join(
                    '{0:{1}{2}}'.format(x, align[i], colwidth[i])
                    for i, x in enumerate(row))
                )
            cols = '\n'.join(rows)
            hdr = 'Header:\n%s' % '\n'.join(
                ['\t%s: %s' % (k, v)
                 for k, v in sorted(self._asdict().iteritems())
                 if v != '' and k not in ('cols', 'rowcountfp', 'rowlength',
                                          'data')]
            )
            return '%s\n\nContents of dataset "%s":\n%s\n' % (
                hdr, self.dataset, cols
            )
        Info.__repr__ = _repr
        Column = namedtuple('Column', ['name', 'attr', 'label'])
        with open(self.path, 'rb') as f:
            # Check magic number
            h = f.read(288)
            if len(h) < 288:
                self.logger.error("[%s] header too short (not a sas7bdat "
                                  "file?)", os.path.basename(self.path))
                return
            if not self.checkMagicNumber(h):
                self.logger.error("[%s] magic number mismatch",
                                  os.path.basename(self.path))
                return
            # Check for 32 or 64 bit alignment
            if h[32] == '\x33':
                align2 = 4
                u64 = True
            else:
                align2 = 0
                u64 = False
            if h[35] == '\x33':
                align1 = 4
            else:
                align1 = 0
            # Check endian
            if h[37] == '\x01':
                endian = 'little'
            else:
                endian = 'big'
            # Check platform
            plat = h[39]
            if plat == '1':
                plat = 'unix'
            elif plat == '2':
                plat = 'windows'
            else:
                plat = 'unknown'
            u64 = u64 and plat == 'unix'
            self.u64 = u64
            self.endian = endian
            name = self.readVal('s', h, 92, 64).lstrip().strip()
            # Timestamp is epoch 01/01/1960
            datecreated = self.readVal('d', h, 164 + align1, 8)
            try:
                datecreated = datetime.strptime('1960/01/01', "%Y/%m/%d") +\
                    timedelta(seconds=datecreated)
            except:
                pass
            datemodified = self.readVal('d', h, 172 + align1, 8)
            try:
                datemodified = datetime.strptime('1960/01/01', "%Y/%m/%d") + \
                    timedelta(seconds=datemodified)
            except:
                pass
            # Read the rest of the header
            hl = self.readVal('i', h, 196 + align1, 4)
            if u64:
                assert hl == 8192
            h += f.read(hl - 288)
            if len(h) != hl:
                self.logger.error('[%s] header too short (not a sas7bdat '
                                  'file?)', os.path.basename(self.path))
                return
            # Get page size
            pagesize = self.readVal('i', h, 200 + align1, 4)
            if pagesize < 0:
                self.logger.error('[%s] page size is negative',
                                  os.path.basename(self.path))
                return
            # Get page count
            if u64:
                pagecount = self.readVal('q', h, 204 + align1, 4 + align2)
            else:
                pagecount = self.readVal('i', h, 204 + align1, 4 + align2)
            if pagecount < 1:
                self.logger.error('[%s] page count is not positive',
                                  os.path.basename(self.path))
                return
            # Get SAS release
            sasrelease = self.readVal('s', h, 216 + align1 + align2, 8)
            # Get SAS host (16 byte field but only first 8 bytes used)
            sashost = self.readVal('s', h, 224 + align1 + align2, 16)
            if sashost not in self.KNOWNHOSTS:
                self.logger.warning('[%s] unknown host: %s',
                                    os.path.basename(self.path),
                                    sashost)
            # Get OS info
            osversion = self.readVal('s', h, 240 + align1 + align2, 16)
            osmaker = self.readVal('s', h, 256 + align1 + align2, 16)
            osname = self.readVal('s', h, 272 + align1 + align2, 16)
            # Read row and column info
            rowsize = []
            colsize = []
            coltext = []
            colattr = []
            colname = []
            collabs = []
            data = []
            for x in self.readSubheaders(f, pagecount, pagesize):
                if x is None:
                    continue
                if x.signature in self.SUBH_ROWSIZE:
                    rowsize.append(x)
                elif x.signature in self.SUBH_COLSIZE:
                    colsize.append(x)
                elif x.signature in self.SUBH_COLTEXT:
                    coltext.append(x)
                elif x.signature in self.SUBH_COLATTR:
                    colattr.append(x)
                elif x.signature in self.SUBH_COLNAME:
                    colname.append(x)
                elif x.signature in self.SUBH_COLLABS:
                    collabs.append(x)
                elif x.signature in self.SUBH_SUBHCNT:
                    pass
                elif x.signature in self.SUBH_COLLIST:
                    pass
                elif x.compression == 'rle':
                    pass
                elif x.compression == 'ignore':
                    pass
                else:
                    pass
            if len(rowsize) != 1:
                self.logger.error('[%s] found %d row size subheaders when '
                                  'expecting 1', os.path.basename(self.path),
                                  len(rowsize))
                return
            rowsize = rowsize[0]
            if u64:
                rowlength = self.readVal('q', rowsize.raw, 40, 8)
                rowcount = self.readVal('q', rowsize.raw, 48, 8)
                colcountp1 = self.readVal('q', rowsize.raw, 72, 8)
                colcountp2 = self.readVal('q', rowsize.raw, 80, 8)
                rowcountfp = self.readVal('q', rowsize.raw, 120, 8)
                lcs = self.readVal('h', rowsize.raw, 682, 2)
                lcp = self.readVal('h', rowsize.raw, 706, 2)
            else:
                rowlength = self.readVal('i', rowsize.raw, 20, 4)
                rowcount = self.readVal('i', rowsize.raw, 24, 4)
                colcountp1 = self.readVal('i', rowsize.raw, 36, 4)
                colcountp2 = self.readVal('i', rowsize.raw, 40, 4)
                rowcountfp = self.readVal('i', rowsize.raw, 60, 4)
                lcs = self.readVal('h', rowsize.raw, 354, 2)
                lcp = self.readVal('h', rowsize.raw, 378, 2)
            if len(colsize) != 1:
                self.logger.error('[%s] found %d column size subheaders when '
                                  'expecting 1', os.path.basename(self.path),
                                  len(colsize))
                return
            colsize = colsize[0]
            if u64:
                colcount = self.readVal('q', colsize.raw, 8, 8)
            else:
                colcount = self.readVal('i', colsize.raw, 4, 4)
            if colcountp1 + colcountp2 != colcount:
                self.logger.warning('[%s] column count mismatch: %d + %d != %d',
                    os.path.basename(self.path), colcountp1, colcountp2, colcount)
            if len(coltext) < 1:
                self.logger.error('[%s] no column text subheaders found',
                                  os.path.basename(self.path))
                return
            creator = ''
            creatorproc = ''
            compression = self.readVal(
                's',
                coltext[0].raw,
                20 if self.u64 else 16,
                8
            ).lstrip().strip()
            if compression == '':
                compression = None
                lcs = 0
                creatorproc = self.readVal('s', coltext[0].raw,
                                           16 + (20 if u64 else 16), lcp)
            elif compression == 'SASYZCRL':
                compression = 'RLE'
                creatorproc = self.readVal('s', coltext[0].raw,
                                           24 + (20 if u64 else 16), lcp)
            elif lcs > 0:
                compression = None
                lcp = 0
                creator = self.readVal(
                    's',
                    coltext[0].raw,
                    20 if u64 else 16,
                    lcs
                ).lstrip().strip()
            else:
                # might be RDC (Ross Data Compression)
                self.logger.error('[%s] Unknown compression type: %s '
                                  '(possibly binary?)',
                                  os.path.basename(self.path), compression)
            if len(colattr) < 1:
                self.logger.error("[%s] no column attribute subheaders found",
                                  os.path.basename(self.path))
                return
            colattr = self.readColumnAttributes(colattr)
            if len(colattr) != colcount:
                self.logger.error('[%s] found %d column attributes when '
                                  'expecting %d', os.path.basename(self.path),
                                  len(colattr), colcount)
                return
            if len(colname) < 1:
                self.logger.error('[%s] no column name subheaders found',
                                  os.path.basename(self.path))
                return
            colname = self.readColumnNames(colname, coltext)
            if len(colname) != colcount:
                self.logger.error('[%s] found %d column names when expecting '
                                  '%d', os.path.basename(self.path),
                                  len(colname), colcount)
            collabs = self.readColumnLabels(collabs, coltext, colcount)
            if len(collabs) != colcount:
                self.logger.error('[%s] found %d column formats and labels '
                                  'when expecting %d',
                                  os.path.basename(self.path), len(collabs),
                                  colcount)
            cols = []
            for i in xrange(colcount):
                cols.append(Column(colname[i], colattr[i], collabs[i]))
        info = Info(hl, endian, plat, datecreated, name, datemodified,
                    pagesize, pagecount, sasrelease, sashost, osversion,
                    osmaker, osname, u64, rowcount, colcount, cols, rowcountfp,
                    rowlength, os.path.basename(self.path), compression,
                    creator, creatorproc)
        return info

    def formatNumber(self, num, places=0):
        if hasattr(num, '__len__'):
            num = len(num)
        try:
            locale.setlocale(locale.LC_NUMERIC, "en_US.UTF-8")
        except:
            locale.setlocale(locale.LC_NUMERIC, '')
        places = max(0, places)
        return locale.format('%%f' % places, num, True)

    def formatValue(self, val, fmt):
        if fmt in self.formatters:
            return self.formatters[fmt](val)
        noFormat = set(['', '$', '$CHAR', '$F', 'BEST', 'F', 'NLNUM',
                        'SPECFMT'])
        if fmt is None:
            fmt = ''
        fmt = fmt.upper()
        if not fmt or fmt in noFormat:
            return val
        elif fmt == 'MMDDYY':
            return (datetime.strptime('1960/01/01', "%Y/%m/%d") +
                    timedelta(days=val)).strftime('%m/%d/%Y')
        elif fmt == 'DDMMYY':
            return (datetime.strptime('1960/01/01', "%Y/%m/%d") +
                    timedelta(days=val)).strftime('%d.%m.%Y')
        elif fmt == 'JULIAN':
            return (datetime.strptime('1960/01/01', "%Y/%m/%d") +
                    timedelta(days=val)).strftime('%Y%d')
        elif fmt == 'MONYY':
            return (datetime.strptime('1960/01/01', "%Y/%m/%d") +
                    timedelta(days=val)).strftime('%b %Y').upper()
        elif fmt == 'DATE':
            return (datetime.strptime('1960/01/01', "%Y/%m/%d") +
                    timedelta(days=val)).strftime('%d%b%Y').upper()
        elif fmt == 'DATETIME':
            return (datetime.strptime('1960/01/01', "%Y/%m/%d") +
                    timedelta(seconds=val)).strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')
        elif fmt == 'TIME':
            return (datetime.strptime('1960/01/01', "%Y/%m/%d") +
                    timedelta(seconds=val)).strftime('%H:%M:%S')
        elif fmt == 'COMMA':
            if isinstance(val, int):
                return self.formatNumber(val)
            else:
                sval = str(val)
                decimal = len(sval) - sval.index('.')
                places = decimal - 1
                if places == 1 and sval[-1] == '0':
                    places = 0
                return self.formatNumber(val, places=places)
        else:
            # import pdb; pdb.set_trace()
            return val

    def uncompressData(self, data):
        result = []
        s = StringIO(data)
        while True:
            d = s.read(1)
            if len(d) < 1:
                break
            d = '%02X' % ord(d)
            command = d[0].upper()
            length = d[1]
            if command == '0':
                length = int(d, 16)
                result.append(s.read(length + 64))
            elif command == '1':
                # length = int(d, 16)
                # result.append(s.read(length + 21))  # ?
                pass
            elif command == '2':
                # length = int(d, 16)
                # result.append(s.read(length * 5))  # ?
                pass
            elif command == '3':
                # import pdb; pdb.set_trace()
                pass
            elif command == '4':
                pass
            elif command == '5':
                pass
            elif command == '6':
                length = int(d, 16)
                result.append('\x20' * (length + 17))
            elif command == '7':
                length = int(d, 16)
                result.append('\x00' * (length + 17))
            elif command == '8':
                length = int(length, 16)
                result.append(s.read(length + 1))
            elif command == '9':
                length = int(length, 16)
                result.append(s.read(length + 17))
            elif command == 'A':
                length = int(length, 16)
                result.append(s.read(length + 33))
            elif command == 'B':
                length = int(length, 16)
                result.append(s.read(length + 49))
            elif command == 'C':
                length = int(length, 16)
                result.append(s.read(1) * (length + 3))
            elif command == 'D':
                length = int(length, 16)
                result.append('\x40' * (length + 2))
            elif command == 'E':
                length = int(length, 16)
                result.append('\x20' * (length + 2))
            elif command == 'F':
                length = int(length, 16)
                result.append('\x00' * (length + 2))
        return ''.join(result)

    def readData(self):
        if self.header.compression is not None:
            self.logger.error('[%s] compressed data not yet supported',
                              os.path.basename(self.path))
        yield [x.name for x in self.header.cols]
        with open(self.path, 'rb') as f:
            f.seek(self.header.headerlength)
            for page in self.readPages(f, self.header.pagecount,
                                       self.header.pagesize):
                if page.type not in self.PAGE_MIX_DATA and not\
                        (page.type == self.PAGE_META and
                         self.header.compression == 'RLE'):
                    continue
                page = page._asdict()
                if page['type'] == self.PAGE_META:
                    page['data'] = self.uncompressData(page['data'])
                    rowcountp = self.header.rowcountfp
                    base = 129 + page['subheadercount'] * 24
                elif self.u64:
                    if page['type'] in self.PAGE_MIX:
                        rowcountp = self.header.rowcountfp
                        base = 40 + page['subheadercount'] * 24
                        base += (base % 8)
                    else:
                        rowcountp = self.readVal('h', page['data'], 34, 2)
                        base = 40
                else:
                    if page['type'] in self.PAGE_MIX:
                        rowcountp = self.header.rowcountfp
                        base = 24 + page['subheadercount'] * 12
                        base += (base % 8)
                    else:
                        rowcountp = self.readVal('h', page['data'], 18, 2)
                        base = 24
                if rowcountp > self.header.rowcount:
                    rowcountp = self.header.rowcount
                for _ in xrange(rowcountp):
                    row = []
                    for col in self.header.cols:
                        offset = base + col.attr.offset
                        if col.attr.length > 0:
                            # import pdb; pdb.set_trace()
                            raw = page['data'][offset:offset + col.attr.length]
                            try:
                                if col.attr.type == 'character':
                                    val = self.readVal('s', raw, 0,
                                                       col.attr.length)
                                    val = val.lstrip().strip()
                                else:
                                    val = self.readVal(col.attr.type, raw, 0,
                                                       col.attr.length)
                                val = self.formatValue(val, col.label.format)
                            except KeyboardInterrupt:
                                return
                            except:
                                break
                            row.append(val)
                    base += self.header.rowlength
                    if row:
                        yield row




def read_sas(filepath_or_buffer):
    assert filepath_or_buffer.lower().endswith('.sas7bdat')
    parser = SAS7BDAT(filepath_or_buffer)
    rows_iter = parser.readData()
    columns = rows_iter.next()
    data_frame = DataFrame(
        (
            row
            for row in rows_iter
            if row
            ),
        columns = columns,
        )
    return data_frame

"""
A sas7bdat reader. File format taken from
https://github.com/BioStatMatt/sas7bdat/blob/master/inst/doc/sas7bdat.rst
"""
import os
import sys
import struct
import locale
import logging
import platform
from cStringIO import StringIO
from datetime import datetime, timedelta
from collections import namedtuple

from pandas import DataFrame

__all__ = ['SAS7BDAT']


def _debug(t, v, tb):
    if hasattr(sys, 'ps1') or not sys.stderr.isatty():
        sys.__excepthook__(t, v, tb)
    else:
        import pdb
        import traceback
        traceback.print_exception(t, v, tb)
        print
        pdb.pm()
        os._exit(1)


def _getColorEmit(fn):
    # This doesn't work on Windows since Windows doesn't support
    # the ansi escape characters
    def _new(handler):
        levelno = handler.levelno
        if levelno >= logging.CRITICAL:
            color = '\x1b[31m'  # red
        elif levelno >= logging.ERROR:
            color = '\x1b[31m'  # red
        elif levelno >= logging.WARNING:
            color = '\x1b[33m'  # yellow
        elif levelno >= logging.INFO:
            color = '\x1b[32m'  # green or normal
        elif levelno >= logging.DEBUG:
            color = '\x1b[35m'  # pink
        else:
            color = '\x1b[0m'   # normal
        handler.msg = color + handler.msg + '\x1b[0m'  # normal
        return fn(handler)
    return _new


class SAS7BDAT(object):
    MAGIC = "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\xc2\xea\x81\x60"\
            "\xb3\x14\x11\xcf\xbd\x92\x08\x00\x09\xc7\x31\x8c\x18\x1f\x10\x11"

    # Host systems known to work
    KNOWNHOSTS = set(["WIN_PRO", "WIN_NT", "WIN_NTSV", "WIN_SRV", "WIN_ASRV",
                      "XP_PRO", "XP_HOME", "NET_ASRV", "NET_DSRV", "NET_SRV",
                      "WIN_98", "W32_VSPRO", "WIN", "WIN_95", "X64_VSPRO",
                      "AIX", "X64_ESRV", "W32_ESRV", "W32_7PRO", "W32_VSHOME",
                      "X64_7HOME", "X64_7PRO", "X64_SRV0", "W32_SRV0",
                      "X64_ES08", "Linux", "HP-UX"])

    # Subheader signatures, 32 and 64 bit, little and big endian
    SUBH_ROWSIZE = set(["\xF7\xF7\xF7\xF7", "\x00\x00\x00\x00\xF7\xF7\xF7\xF7",
                        "\xF7\xF7\xF7\xF7\x00\x00\x00\x00"])
    SUBH_COLSIZE = set(["\xF6\xF6\xF6\xF6", "\x00\x00\x00\x00\xF6\xF6\xF6\xF6",
                        "\xF6\xF6\xF6\xF6\x00\x00\x00\x00"])
    SUBH_COLTEXT = set(["\xFD\xFF\xFF\xFF", "\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFD",
                        "\xFD\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF",
                        "\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFD"])
    SUBH_COLATTR = set(["\xFC\xFF\xFF\xFF", "\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFC",
                        "\xFC\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF",
                        "\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFC"])
    SUBH_COLNAME = set(["\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF",
                        "\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF"])
    SUBH_COLLABS = set(["\xFE\xFB\xFF\xFF", "\xFF\xFF\xFB\xFE",
                        "\xFE\xFB\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF",
                        "\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFB\xFE"])
    SUBH_COLLIST = set(["\xFE\xFF\xFF\xFF", "\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFE",
                        "\xFE\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF",
                        "\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFE"])
    SUBH_SUBHCNT = set(["\x00\xFC\xFF\xFF", "\xFF\xFF\xFC\x00",
                        "\x00\xFC\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF",
                        "\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFC\x00"])

    # Page types
    PAGE_META = 0
    PAGE_DATA = 256        # 1 << 8
    PAGE_MIX = [512, 640]  # 1 << 9, 1 << 9 | 1 << 7
    PAGE_AMD = 1024        # 1 << 10
    PAGE_METC = 16384      # 1 << 14 (compressed data)
    PAGE_COMP = -28672     # ~(1 << 14 | 1 << 13 | 1 << 12)
    PAGE_MIX_DATA = PAGE_MIX + [PAGE_DATA]
    PAGE_META_MIX_AMD = [PAGE_META] + PAGE_MIX + [PAGE_AMD]
    PAGE_ANY = PAGE_META_MIX_AMD + [PAGE_DATA, PAGE_METC, PAGE_COMP]

    def __init__(self, path, logLevel=logging.INFO, formatters=None):
        if logLevel == logging.DEBUG:
            sys.excepthook = _debug
        self.path = path
        self.logger = self._makeLogger(level=logLevel)
        self.header = self._readHeader()
        self.logger.debug(str(self.header))
        self.formatters = formatters or {}

    def _makeLogger(self, level=logging.INFO):
        """
        Create a custom logger with the specified properties.
        """
        logger = logging.getLogger(self.path)
        logger.setLevel(level)
        formatter = logging.Formatter("%(message)s", "%y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
        streamHandler = logging.StreamHandler()
        if platform.system() != 'Windows':
            streamHandler.emit = _getColorEmit(streamHandler.emit)
        streamHandler.setFormatter(formatter)
        logger.addHandler(streamHandler)
        return logger

    def checkMagicNumber(self, header):
        return header[:len(self.MAGIC)] == self.MAGIC

    def readVal(self, fmt, h, start, size):
        newfmt = fmt
        if fmt == 's':
            newfmt = '%ds' % size
        elif fmt == 'numeric':
            newfmt = 'd'
            if size < 8:
                if self.endian == 'little':
                    h = '\x00' * (8 - size) + h
                else:
                    h += '\x00' * (8 - size)
                size = 8
        if self.endian == 'big':
            newfmt = '>%s' % newfmt
        else:
            newfmt = '<%s' % newfmt
        val = struct.unpack(newfmt, h[start:start + size])[0]
        if fmt == 's':
            val = val.strip('\x00')
        return val

    def readColumnAttributes(self, colattr):
        info = []
        Info = namedtuple('ColumnAttributes', ['offset', 'length', 'type'])
        inc = 16 if self.u64 else 12
        for subh in colattr:
            if self.u64:
                attrs = subh.raw[16:16 + ((subh.length - 28) / 16) * 16]
            else:
                attrs = subh.raw[12:12 + ((subh.length - 20) / 12) * 12]
            for i in xrange(0, len(attrs), inc):
                pointer = attrs[i:i + inc]
                if self.u64:
                    offset = self.readVal('q', pointer, 0, 8)
                    length = self.readVal('i', pointer, 8, 4)
                    ctype = self.readVal('b', pointer, 14, 1)
                else:
                    offset = self.readVal('i', pointer, 0, 4)
                    length = self.readVal('i', pointer, 4, 4)
                    ctype = self.readVal('b', pointer, 10, 1)
                assert ctype in (1, 2)
                ctype = 'numeric' if ctype == 1 else 'character'
                info.append(Info(offset, length, ctype))
        return info

    def readColumnNames(self, colname, coltext):
        info = []
        inc = 8 if self.u64 else 4
        for subh in colname:
            if self.u64:
                attrs = subh.raw[16:16 + ((subh.length - 28) / 8) * 8]
            else:
                attrs = subh.raw[12:12 + ((subh.length - 20) / 8) * 8]
            for i in xrange(0, len(attrs), 8):
                pointer = attrs[i:i + 8]
                txt = self.readVal('h', pointer, 0, 2)
                offset = self.readVal('h', pointer, 2, 2) + inc
                length = self.readVal('h', pointer, 4, 2)
                info.append(
                    self.readVal('s', coltext[txt].raw, offset, length)
                )
        return info

    def readColumnLabels(self, collabs, coltext, colcount):
        Info = namedtuple('ColumnLabels', ['format', 'label'])
        if len(collabs) < 1:
            return [Info('', '')] * colcount
        info = []
        inc = 8 if self.u64 else 4
        for subh in collabs:
            base = 46 if self.u64 else 34
            txt = self.readVal('h', subh.raw, base, 2)
            offset = self.readVal('h', subh.raw, base + 2, 2) + inc
            length = self.readVal('h', subh.raw, base + 4, 2)
            fmt = ''
            if length > 0:
                fmt = self.readVal('s', coltext[txt].raw, offset, length)
            base = 52 if self.u64 else 40
            txt = self.readVal('h', subh.raw, base, 2)
            offset = self.readVal('h', subh.raw, base + 2, 2) + inc
            length = self.readVal('h', subh.raw, base + 4, 2)
            label = ''
            if length > 0:
                label = self.readVal('s', coltext[txt].raw, offset, length)
            info.append(Info(fmt, label))
        return info or [Info('', '')] * colcount

    def readPages(self, f, pagecount, pagesize):
        # Read pages
        Page = namedtuple('Page', ['number', 'data', 'type', 'blockcount',
                                   'subheadercount'])
        for i in xrange(pagecount):
            page = f.read(pagesize)
            ptype = self.readVal('h', page, 32 if self.u64 else 16, 2)
            blockcount = 0
            subhcount = 0
            if ptype in self.PAGE_META_MIX_AMD:
                blockcount = self.readVal('h', page, 34 if self.u64 else 18, 2)
                subhcount = self.readVal('h', page, 36 if self.u64 else 20, 2)
            yield Page(i, page, ptype, blockcount, subhcount)

    def readSubheaders(self, f, pagecount, pagesize):
        SubHeader = namedtuple('SubHeader', ['page', 'offset', 'length', 'raw',
                                             'signature', 'compression'])
        oshp = 40 if self.u64 else 24
        lshp = 24 if self.u64 else 12
        lshf = 8 if self.u64 else 4
        dtype = 'q' if self.u64 else 'i'
        for page in self.readPages(f, pagecount, pagesize):
            if page.type not in self.PAGE_META_MIX_AMD:
                continue
            pointers = page.data[oshp:oshp + (page.subheadercount * lshp)]
            for i in xrange(0, len(pointers), lshp):
                pointer = pointers[i:i + lshp]
                offset = self.readVal(dtype, pointer, 0, lshf)
                length = self.readVal(dtype, pointer, lshf, lshf)
                comp = self.readVal('b', pointer, lshf * 2, 1)
                if length > 0:
                    raw = page.data[offset:offset + length]
                    signature = raw[:8 if self.u64 else 4]
                    if comp == 0:
                        comp = None
                    elif comp == 1:
                        comp = 'ignore'
                    elif comp == 4:
                        comp = 'rle'
                    else:
                        self.logger.error('[%s] unknown compression type: %d',
                                          os.path.basename(self.path), comp)
                    yield SubHeader(page.number, offset, length,
                                    raw, signature, comp)

    def _readHeader(self):
        fields = ['headerlength', 'endian', 'platform', 'datecreated',
                  'dataset', 'datemodified', 'pagesize', 'pagecount',
                  'sasrelease', 'sashost', 'osversion', 'osmaker', 'osname',
                  'u64', 'rowcount', 'colcount', 'cols', 'rowcountfp',
                  'rowlength', 'filename', 'compression', 'creator',
                  'creatorproc']
        Info = namedtuple('SAS7BDAT_Header', fields)

        def _repr(self):
            cols = [['Num', 'Name', 'Type', 'Length', 'Format', 'Label']]
            align = ['>', '<', '<', '>', '<', '<']
            colwidth = [len(x) for x in cols[0]]
            for i, col in enumerate(self.cols, 1):
                tmp = [i, col.name, col.attr.type, col.attr.length,
                       col.label.format, col.label.label]
                cols.append(tmp)
                for j, val in enumerate(tmp):
                    colwidth[j] = max(colwidth[j], len(str(val)))
            rows = [' '.join('{0:{1}}'.format(x, colwidth[i])
                    for i, x in enumerate(cols[0]))]
            rows.append(' '.join('-' * colwidth[i]
                                 for i in xrange(len(align))))
            for row in cols[1:]:
                rows.append(' '.join(
                    '{0:{1}{2}}'.format(x, align[i], colwidth[i])
                    for i, x in enumerate(row))
                )
            cols = '\n'.join(rows)
            hdr = 'Header:\n%s' % '\n'.join(
                ['\t%s: %s' % (k, v)
                 for k, v in sorted(self._asdict().iteritems())
                 if v != '' and k not in ('cols', 'rowcountfp', 'rowlength',
                                          'data')]
            )
            return '%s\n\nContents of dataset "%s":\n%s\n' % (
                hdr, self.dataset, cols
            )
        Info.__repr__ = _repr
        Column = namedtuple('Column', ['name', 'attr', 'label'])
        with open(self.path, 'rb') as f:
            # Check magic number
            h = f.read(288)
            if len(h) < 288:
                self.logger.error("[%s] header too short (not a sas7bdat "
                                  "file?)", os.path.basename(self.path))
                return
            if not self.checkMagicNumber(h):
                self.logger.error("[%s] magic number mismatch",
                                  os.path.basename(self.path))
                return
            # Check for 32 or 64 bit alignment
            if h[32] == '\x33':
                align2 = 4
                u64 = True
            else:
                align2 = 0
                u64 = False
            if h[35] == '\x33':
                align1 = 4
            else:
                align1 = 0
            # Check endian
            if h[37] == '\x01':
                endian = 'little'
            else:
                endian = 'big'
            # Check platform
            plat = h[39]
            if plat == '1':
                plat = 'unix'
            elif plat == '2':
                plat = 'windows'
            else:
                plat = 'unknown'
            u64 = u64 and plat == 'unix'
            self.u64 = u64
            self.endian = endian
            name = self.readVal('s', h, 92, 64).lstrip().strip()
            # Timestamp is epoch 01/01/1960
            datecreated = self.readVal('d', h, 164 + align1, 8)
            try:
                datecreated = datetime.strptime('1960/01/01', "%Y/%m/%d") +\
                    timedelta(seconds=datecreated)
            except:
                pass
            datemodified = self.readVal('d', h, 172 + align1, 8)
            try:
                datemodified = datetime.strptime('1960/01/01', "%Y/%m/%d") + \
                    timedelta(seconds=datemodified)
            except:
                pass
            # Read the rest of the header
            hl = self.readVal('i', h, 196 + align1, 4)
            if u64:
                assert hl == 8192
            h += f.read(hl - 288)
            if len(h) != hl:
                self.logger.error('[%s] header too short (not a sas7bdat '
                                  'file?)', os.path.basename(self.path))
                return
            # Get page size
            pagesize = self.readVal('i', h, 200 + align1, 4)
            if pagesize < 0:
                self.logger.error('[%s] page size is negative',
                                  os.path.basename(self.path))
                return
            # Get page count
            if u64:
                pagecount = self.readVal('q', h, 204 + align1, 4 + align2)
            else:
                pagecount = self.readVal('i', h, 204 + align1, 4 + align2)
            if pagecount < 1:
                self.logger.error('[%s] page count is not positive',
                                  os.path.basename(self.path))
                return
            # Get SAS release
            sasrelease = self.readVal('s', h, 216 + align1 + align2, 8)
            # Get SAS host (16 byte field but only first 8 bytes used)
            sashost = self.readVal('s', h, 224 + align1 + align2, 16)
            if sashost not in self.KNOWNHOSTS:
                self.logger.warning('[%s] unknown host: %s',
                                    os.path.basename(self.path),
                                    sashost)
            # Get OS info
            osversion = self.readVal('s', h, 240 + align1 + align2, 16)
            osmaker = self.readVal('s', h, 256 + align1 + align2, 16)
            osname = self.readVal('s', h, 272 + align1 + align2, 16)
            # Read row and column info
            rowsize = []
            colsize = []
            coltext = []
            colattr = []
            colname = []
            collabs = []
            data = []
            for x in self.readSubheaders(f, pagecount, pagesize):
                if x is None:
                    continue
                if x.signature in self.SUBH_ROWSIZE:
                    rowsize.append(x)
                elif x.signature in self.SUBH_COLSIZE:
                    colsize.append(x)
                elif x.signature in self.SUBH_COLTEXT:
                    coltext.append(x)
                elif x.signature in self.SUBH_COLATTR:
                    colattr.append(x)
                elif x.signature in self.SUBH_COLNAME:
                    colname.append(x)
                elif x.signature in self.SUBH_COLLABS:
                    collabs.append(x)
                elif x.signature in self.SUBH_SUBHCNT:
                    pass
                elif x.signature in self.SUBH_COLLIST:
                    pass
                elif x.compression == 'rle':
                    pass
                elif x.compression == 'ignore':
                    pass
                else:
                    pass
            if len(rowsize) != 1:
                self.logger.error('[%s] found %d row size subheaders when '
                                  'expecting 1', os.path.basename(self.path),
                                  len(rowsize))
                return
            rowsize = rowsize[0]
            if u64:
                rowlength = self.readVal('q', rowsize.raw, 40, 8)
                rowcount = self.readVal('q', rowsize.raw, 48, 8)
                colcountp1 = self.readVal('q', rowsize.raw, 72, 8)
                colcountp2 = self.readVal('q', rowsize.raw, 80, 8)
                rowcountfp = self.readVal('q', rowsize.raw, 120, 8)
                lcs = self.readVal('h', rowsize.raw, 682, 2)
                lcp = self.readVal('h', rowsize.raw, 706, 2)
            else:
                rowlength = self.readVal('i', rowsize.raw, 20, 4)
                rowcount = self.readVal('i', rowsize.raw, 24, 4)
                colcountp1 = self.readVal('i', rowsize.raw, 36, 4)
                colcountp2 = self.readVal('i', rowsize.raw, 40, 4)
                rowcountfp = self.readVal('i', rowsize.raw, 60, 4)
                lcs = self.readVal('h', rowsize.raw, 354, 2)
                lcp = self.readVal('h', rowsize.raw, 378, 2)
            if len(colsize) != 1:
                self.logger.error('[%s] found %d column size subheaders when '
                                  'expecting 1', os.path.basename(self.path),
                                  len(colsize))
                return
            colsize = colsize[0]
            if u64:
                colcount = self.readVal('q', colsize.raw, 8, 8)
            else:
                colcount = self.readVal('i', colsize.raw, 4, 4)
            if colcountp1 + colcountp2 != colcount:
                self.logger.warning('[%s] column count mismatch: %d + %d != %d',
                    os.path.basename(self.path), colcountp1, colcountp2, colcount)
            if len(coltext) < 1:
                self.logger.error('[%s] no column text subheaders found',
                                  os.path.basename(self.path))
                return
            creator = ''
            creatorproc = ''
            compression = self.readVal(
                's',
                coltext[0].raw,
                20 if self.u64 else 16,
                8
            ).lstrip().strip()
            if compression == '':
                compression = None
                lcs = 0
                creatorproc = self.readVal('s', coltext[0].raw,
                                           16 + (20 if u64 else 16), lcp)
            elif compression == 'SASYZCRL':
                compression = 'RLE'
                creatorproc = self.readVal('s', coltext[0].raw,
                                           24 + (20 if u64 else 16), lcp)
            elif lcs > 0:
                compression = None
                lcp = 0
                creator = self.readVal(
                    's',
                    coltext[0].raw,
                    20 if u64 else 16,
                    lcs
                ).lstrip().strip()
            else:
                # might be RDC (Ross Data Compression)
                self.logger.error('[%s] Unknown compression type: %s '
                                  '(possibly binary?)',
                                  os.path.basename(self.path), compression)
            if len(colattr) < 1:
                self.logger.error("[%s] no column attribute subheaders found",
                                  os.path.basename(self.path))
                return
            colattr = self.readColumnAttributes(colattr)
            if len(colattr) != colcount:
                self.logger.error('[%s] found %d column attributes when '
                                  'expecting %d', os.path.basename(self.path),
                                  len(colattr), colcount)
                return
            if len(colname) < 1:
                self.logger.error('[%s] no column name subheaders found',
                                  os.path.basename(self.path))
                return
            colname = self.readColumnNames(colname, coltext)
            if len(colname) != colcount:
                self.logger.error('[%s] found %d column names when expecting '
                                  '%d', os.path.basename(self.path),
                                  len(colname), colcount)
            collabs = self.readColumnLabels(collabs, coltext, colcount)
            if len(collabs) != colcount:
                self.logger.error('[%s] found %d column formats and labels '
                                  'when expecting %d',
                                  os.path.basename(self.path), len(collabs),
                                  colcount)
            cols = []
            for i in xrange(colcount):
                cols.append(Column(colname[i], colattr[i], collabs[i]))
        info = Info(hl, endian, plat, datecreated, name, datemodified,
                    pagesize, pagecount, sasrelease, sashost, osversion,
                    osmaker, osname, u64, rowcount, colcount, cols, rowcountfp,
                    rowlength, os.path.basename(self.path), compression,
                    creator, creatorproc)
        return info

    def formatNumber(self, num, places=0):
        if hasattr(num, '__len__'):
            num = len(num)
        try:
            locale.setlocale(locale.LC_NUMERIC, "en_US.UTF-8")
        except:
            locale.setlocale(locale.LC_NUMERIC, '')
        places = max(0, places)
        return locale.format('%%f' % places, num, True)

    def formatValue(self, val, fmt):
        if fmt in self.formatters:
            return self.formatters[fmt](val)
        noFormat = set(['', '$', '$CHAR', '$F', 'BEST', 'F', 'NLNUM',
                        'SPECFMT'])
        if fmt is None:
            fmt = ''
        fmt = fmt.upper()
        if not fmt or fmt in noFormat:
            return val
        elif fmt == 'MMDDYY':
            return (datetime.strptime('1960/01/01', "%Y/%m/%d") +
                    timedelta(days=val)).strftime('%m/%d/%Y')
        elif fmt == 'DDMMYY':
            return (datetime.strptime('1960/01/01', "%Y/%m/%d") +
                    timedelta(days=val)).strftime('%d.%m.%Y')
        elif fmt == 'JULIAN':
            return (datetime.strptime('1960/01/01', "%Y/%m/%d") +
                    timedelta(days=val)).strftime('%Y%d')
        elif fmt == 'MONYY':
            return (datetime.strptime('1960/01/01', "%Y/%m/%d") +
                    timedelta(days=val)).strftime('%b %Y').upper()
        elif fmt == 'DATE':
            return (datetime.strptime('1960/01/01', "%Y/%m/%d") +
                    timedelta(days=val)).strftime('%d%b%Y').upper()
        elif fmt == 'DATETIME':
            return (datetime.strptime('1960/01/01', "%Y/%m/%d") +
                    timedelta(seconds=val)).strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')
        elif fmt == 'TIME':
            return (datetime.strptime('1960/01/01', "%Y/%m/%d") +
                    timedelta(seconds=val)).strftime('%H:%M:%S')
        elif fmt == 'COMMA':
            if isinstance(val, int):
                return self.formatNumber(val)
            else:
                sval = str(val)
                decimal = len(sval) - sval.index('.')
                places = decimal - 1
                if places == 1 and sval[-1] == '0':
                    places = 0
                return self.formatNumber(val, places=places)
        else:
            # import pdb; pdb.set_trace()
            return val

    def uncompressData(self, data):
        result = []
        s = StringIO(data)
        while True:
            d = s.read(1)
            if len(d) < 1:
                break
            d = '%02X' % ord(d)
            command = d[0].upper()
            length = d[1]
            if command == '0':
                length = int(d, 16)
                result.append(s.read(length + 64))
            elif command == '1':
                # length = int(d, 16)
                # result.append(s.read(length + 21))  # ?
                pass
            elif command == '2':
                # length = int(d, 16)
                # result.append(s.read(length * 5))  # ?
                pass
            elif command == '3':
                # import pdb; pdb.set_trace()
                pass
            elif command == '4':
                pass
            elif command == '5':
                pass
            elif command == '6':
                length = int(d, 16)
                result.append('\x20' * (length + 17))
            elif command == '7':
                length = int(d, 16)
                result.append('\x00' * (length + 17))
            elif command == '8':
                length = int(length, 16)
                result.append(s.read(length + 1))
            elif command == '9':
                length = int(length, 16)
                result.append(s.read(length + 17))
            elif command == 'A':
                length = int(length, 16)
                result.append(s.read(length + 33))
            elif command == 'B':
                length = int(length, 16)
                result.append(s.read(length + 49))
            elif command == 'C':
                length = int(length, 16)
                result.append(s.read(1) * (length + 3))
            elif command == 'D':
                length = int(length, 16)
                result.append('\x40' * (length + 2))
            elif command == 'E':
                length = int(length, 16)
                result.append('\x20' * (length + 2))
            elif command == 'F':
                length = int(length, 16)
                result.append('\x00' * (length + 2))
        return ''.join(result)

    def readData(self):
        if self.header.compression is not None:
            self.logger.error('[%s] compressed data not yet supported',
                              os.path.basename(self.path))
        yield [x.name for x in self.header.cols]
        with open(self.path, 'rb') as f:
            f.seek(self.header.headerlength)
            for page in self.readPages(f, self.header.pagecount,
                                       self.header.pagesize):
                if page.type not in self.PAGE_MIX_DATA and not\
                        (page.type == self.PAGE_META and
                         self.header.compression == 'RLE'):
                    continue
                page = page._asdict()
                if page['type'] == self.PAGE_META:
                    page['data'] = self.uncompressData(page['data'])
                    rowcountp = self.header.rowcountfp
                    base = 129 + page['subheadercount'] * 24
                elif self.u64:
                    if page['type'] in self.PAGE_MIX:
                        rowcountp = self.header.rowcountfp
                        base = 40 + page['subheadercount'] * 24
                        base += (base % 8)
                    else:
                        rowcountp = self.readVal('h', page['data'], 34, 2)
                        base = 40
                else:
                    if page['type'] in self.PAGE_MIX:
                        rowcountp = self.header.rowcountfp
                        base = 24 + page['subheadercount'] * 12
                        base += (base % 8)
                    else:
                        rowcountp = self.readVal('h', page['data'], 18, 2)
                        base = 24
                if rowcountp > self.header.rowcount:
                    rowcountp = self.header.rowcount
                for _ in xrange(rowcountp):
                    row = []
                    for col in self.header.cols:
                        offset = base + col.attr.offset
                        if col.attr.length > 0:
                            # import pdb; pdb.set_trace()
                            raw = page['data'][offset:offset + col.attr.length]
                            try:
                                if col.attr.type == 'character':
                                    val = self.readVal('s', raw, 0,
                                                       col.attr.length)
                                    val = val.lstrip().strip()
                                else:
                                    val = self.readVal(col.attr.type, raw, 0,
                                                       col.attr.length)
                                val = self.formatValue(val, col.label.format)
                            except KeyboardInterrupt:
                                return
                            except:
                                break
                            row.append(val)
                    base += self.header.rowlength
                    if row:
                        yield row




def read_sas(filepath_or_buffer):
    assert filepath_or_buffer.lower().endswith('.sas7bdat')
    parser = SAS7BDAT(filepath_or_buffer)
    rows_iter = parser.readData()
    columns = rows_iter.next()
    data_frame = DataFrame(
        (
            row
            for row in rows_iter
            if row
            ),
        columns = columns,
        )
    return data_frame

A sas7bdat reader. File format taken from https://github.com/BioStatMatt/sas7bdat/blob/master/inst/doc/sas7bdat.rst # This doesn't work on Windows since Windows doesn't support # the ansi escape characters # red # red # yellow # green or normal # pink # normal # normal # Host systems known to work # Subheader signatures, 32 and 64 bit, little and big endian # Page types # 1 << 8 # 1 << 9, 1 << 9 | 1 << 7 # 1 << 10 # 1 << 14 (compressed data) # ~(1 << 14 | 1 << 13 | 1 << 12) Create a custom logger with the specified properties. # Read pages # Check magic number # Check for 32 or 64 bit alignment # Check endian # Check platform # Timestamp is epoch 01/01/1960 # Read the rest of the header # Get page size # Get page count # Get SAS release # Get SAS host (16 byte field but only first 8 bytes used) # Get OS info # Read row and column info # might be RDC (Ross Data Compression) # import pdb; pdb.set_trace() # length = int(d, 16) # result.append(s.read(length + 21))  # ? # length = int(d, 16) # result.append(s.read(length * 5))  # ? # import pdb; pdb.set_trace() # import pdb; pdb.set_trace()