license: cc-by-nc-4.0
task_categories:
- image-to-image
tags:
- climate
pretty_name: HydroChronos
size_categories:
- 100K<n<1M
HydroChronos
HydroChronos is designed to forecast water dynamics using multispectral satellite images, climate variables, and DEM. It covers lakes and rivers of the US, Europe, and Brazil.
Dataset Details
The dataset comprises Landsat-5 (L) TOA and Sentinel-2 (S) TOA images. There are 6 coherently aligned bands for both satellites:
| Landsat | Sentinel | Description | Central Wavelength (L/S) |
|---|---|---|---|
| B1 | B2 | Blue | 485/492 nm |
| B2 | B3 | Green | 560/560 nm |
| B3 | B4 | Red | 660/665 nm |
| B4 | B8 | NIR | 830/833 nm |
| B5 | B11 | SWIR | 1650/1610 nm |
| B7 | B12 | SWIR | 2220/2190 nm |
They are coupled with climate variables from TERRACLIMATE and Copernicus GLO30-DEM. There is no ground truth. We directly work with Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (MNDWI)
- Curated by: Daniele Rege Cambrin
- License: Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial 4.0
Dataset Structure
To load the dataset with TorchGeo, please refer to the repository.
All climate data are contained in climate.h5. Each identifier contains the following data:
| Key | Shape | Data Type | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
climate |
(14, T) |
int16 |
Contains the 14 TerraClimate variables. |
time |
(T) |
uint32 |
The timestamp for each time step. |
The data for the two satellites and DEM are contained in the respective folders. For portability, the whole dataset is divided into parts. You can easily iterate over the whole dataset using the _main.h5 files, since they contain the external links to the correct file
| Key | Shape | Data Type | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
bands |
(6, T, 256, 256) |
uint8/16 |
Contains the 6 multispectral image bands. |
dem |
(1, 256, 256) |
int16 |
Digital Elevation Model for the location. |
qa_mask |
(T, 256, 256) |
bool |
Cloud mask for each time step. |
months |
(T,) |
uint8 |
The month (1-12) for each time step. |
years |
(T,) |
int64 |
The year for each time step. |
x |
(256,) |
float32 |
The x-coordinate of the location in WGS84. |
y |
(256,) |
float32 |
The y-coordinate of the location in WGS84. |
Citation
@misc{cambrin2025hydrochronosforecastingdecadessurface,
title={HydroChronos: Forecasting Decades of Surface Water Change},
author={Daniele Rege Cambrin and Eleonora Poeta and Eliana Pastor and Isaac Corley and Tania Cerquitelli and Elena Baralis and Paolo Garza},
year={2025},
eprint={2506.14362},
archivePrefix={arXiv},
primaryClass={cs.CV},
url={https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.14362},
}