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So what's next then?
speaker_1
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Earlier I spoke to our diplomatic correspondent, Paul Adams.
speaker_1
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First of all, a- an end to the fighting, and then some guarantees that Russia will not attack again in the future.
speaker_8
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A- and, and that is not a simple matter at all.
speaker_8
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That's gonna involve not just pieces of paper, but all kinds of ways in which Ukraine's long-term security is guaranteed through the provision of Western military equipment, the presence in Ukraine of supporting elements from the so-called coala- coalition of the willing, to a whole host of issues.
speaker_8
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And then of course there is the question of territory.
speaker_8
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And I think the Ukrainians know perfectly well that painful sacrifices are looming, that some of the territory that Russia has taken over in the past 11 years, starting with Crimea in 2014, is very, very unlikely ever to be returned.
speaker_8
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So what you tend to hear Ukrainian officials talking about is, "Well we're not going to legally recognize Russia's conquest of any of our sovereign territory.
speaker_8
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We will cling to that principle ferociously.
speaker_8
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" But there are examples of other conflicts around the world, frozen conflicts in which, uh, the territorial status was put to one side and people just sort of got on.
speaker_8
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A- and I suppose that is sort of what Ukra- Ukraine is hoping for, that, that no one is going to be persuaded to legally recognize Russia's occupation of, say, the Donbass.
speaker_8
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Well on that, we also had Fedorov admit that if Putin were to conquer the remaining parts of Donetsk, it may take him several years.
speaker_1
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Oh, absolutely.
speaker_8
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I mean, we're talking about the last 25% or so of the Donetsk oblast, and this area known as the fortified belt, or the fortress belt, a series of cities including Kramatorsk and Sloviansk, which have been essentially the front line for the last 11 years.
speaker_8
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For all sorts of militaries to teach strategic reasons, the Russians would dearly let, like to get behind that fortress line.
speaker_8
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And for all sorts of military reasons, Ukraine wants to stop that happening because it would leave other parts of Ukraine to the north and the west vulnerable should Russia decide to attack again in the future.
speaker_8
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And so there will be a lot of attention given to that little chunk of territory.
speaker_8
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And Paul, lastly, do you think all the recent developments take us any closer to that Putin-Zelenskyy face off?
speaker_1
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I mean, in one sense, yes they do, because everyone is now talking about it, and the, the ground that needs to be prepared before it happens i- is now starting to be covered.
speaker_8
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There is an awful lot of stuff that has to be sorted out.
speaker_8
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Um, territorial discussions, all the discussions about security guarantees, before a, a, a meeting of Vladimir Putin and, and Volodymyr Zelenskyy can really take place.
speaker_8
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That, that's the sort of event that you can imagine, uh, capping a process, rather than coming in the middle of a process.
speaker_8
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Ten years ago this week, a refrigerated truck was found abandoned on a motorway in Austria.
speaker_1
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The doors were wired shut, the air was turned off, and there were no vents.
speaker_1
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Inside, police found the bodies of 59 men, eight women and four children.
speaker_1
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Our Central Europe Correspondent, Nick Thorpe, has been talking to relatives of some of the victims.
speaker_1
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I've traveled to the town of Hanke in Iraqi Kurdistan to meet the family of some of those who died in the truck.
speaker_9
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Hazem Karli and his wife Gurje lost their daughter, Elin, aged 14, their son Alend, aged 16, and Hazem's younger brother Herish.
speaker_9
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This was the last picture he took with the family.
speaker_2
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It was on 5 August 2015, and the place is the border between Turkey and Iraq.
speaker_2
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So this was the last time he saw them.
speaker_2
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Vratsa Prison in Bulgaria, a forbidding fortress of a building at the foot of the Balkan mountains.
speaker_9
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Metodi Georgiev, 39 years old, sits opposite me.
speaker_9
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He was sentenced to life without the possibility of parole as one of the leaders of the smuggling gang who organized that truck.
speaker_9
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How did you feel towards all those people you were moving?
speaker_9
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The first time, you feel sorry for them, but after the fifth, you don't.
speaker_10
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These people are prepared to get into trucks without even asking.
speaker_10
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They're prepared to die on the road rather than go back to the countries they came from.
speaker_10
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By August 2015, thousands of asylum seekers a day were crossing the Serbian border into Hungary.
speaker_9
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From there, gangs like this one drove them on to Germany.
speaker_9
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The 71 migrants were squeezed into the back of that particular truck just before dawn.
speaker_9
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Soon after it set out, they started banging and shouting.
speaker_9
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The driver got worried and rang Metodi, and Metodi rang the boss, an Afghan called Samsor, to ask what to do.
speaker_9
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"Keep driving," he said.
speaker_9
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"And if they die, dump the bodies in the forest.
speaker_9
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" We know all this detail because the Hungarian police were tapping their phones.
speaker_9
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This evidence was so damning, the judge passed down the maximum sentences.
speaker_9
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But Metodi still proclaims his innocence.
speaker_9
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To this day, I don't feel guilty.
speaker_10
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Everyone makes mistakes, right?
speaker_10
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To kill these people deliberately...
speaker_10
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I didn't kill anyone.
speaker_10
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Back in Northern Iraq, we sat on cushions on the floor of Hazem's tidy home.
speaker_9
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Hazem feels justice has been done.
speaker_9
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He's saying, "Those one who did this thing, they are not humans.
speaker_2
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" Because imagining like putting a lot of people in one truck and no air, it's just like a disaster.
speaker_2
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He's saying all of that was because of money, to get more money.
speaker_2
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So let's leave it for God and the European governments to give them what they deserve.
speaker_2
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Hazem Karli finishing that dispatch.
speaker_1
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Still to come in this podcast, an art historian in France wants to stop the loan of the Bayeux Tapestry to the UK.
speaker_1
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We compare often with La Joconde, Mona Lisa, with paintings by, uh, by grandmasters.
speaker_11
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Weather forecasters have issued a red alert for Mumbai, as the Indian city experiences heavy downpours and flooding.
speaker_1
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The authorities have urged residents to take care as further rainfall is expected, along with high tides.
speaker_1
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More than 20 centimeters of rain have fallen in the city in the past 24 hours, the highest volume in one day since 2020.
speaker_1
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Our South Asia Correspondent, Yogita Limaye, reports from Mumbai.
speaker_1
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Government offices were closed, and the private sector was told to allow its employees to work from home.
speaker_12
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A holiday was also declared for schools and colleges.
speaker_12
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There was flooding in several parts of the city, with videos of half-submerged vehicles being shared on social media.
speaker_12
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The Mithi River, which runs through the city, came dangerously close to breaching its banks, so hundreds of people living close to it were evacuated and are being sheltered in schools.
speaker_12
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But rail services have now started to resume.
speaker_12
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While the airport didn't close, dozens of flights have been delayed.
speaker_12
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Heavy rainfall is normal for Mumbai during the monsoon season, but authorities say the intensity of the downpour over the past two days has been unprecedented.
speaker_12
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The weather department says there could be more rainfall overnight, and people have been asked to stay indoors.
speaker_12
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Yogita Limaye.
speaker_1
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The charity Save the Children estimates that around two-thirds of child marriages happens in regions with higher-than-average climate risk.
speaker_1
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The reason, vulnerable populations in these countries are at risk of being pushed further into poverty by extreme weather events.
speaker_1
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In Malawi's lakeside district of Mangochi, a region increasingly wracked by drought, some families dependent on fishing and farming say there is no other option.
speaker_1
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The BBC's Anne Okumu reports.
speaker_1
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16-year-old Hawa stands barefoot by the water.
speaker_13
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Hawa was just 16 when she got married earlier this year.
speaker_13
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The legal age to marry in Malawi is 18.
speaker_13
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More frequent droughts have badly affected her family's income from fishing and farming.
speaker_13
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And with very little money for basics or education, Hawa says she believed marriage was her only option.
speaker_13
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Some days my father would come back home with nothing from the lake.
speaker_14
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It's very tough.
speaker_14
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But she was underage.
speaker_13
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Did you try to stop her?
speaker_13
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I would have loved her to continue with her education.
speaker_15
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According to the charity Save the Children, 40 million girls will be living in hotspot countries by 2015, who will be at a greater risk of extreme climate events and child marriage, defined as any marriage involving someone under 18.
speaker_13
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Malawi is among the top five countries most affected.
speaker_13
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The current law defining marriage came in 2017, with a minimum age of 18.
speaker_13
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The age of sexual consent remains at 16, but marriage below the minimum age is not criminalized.
speaker_13
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Arrests are only made when the girls involved are under 16 and a sexual offense has been committed.
speaker_13
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McBain works with the locals and the Malawian government to help prevent or overturn child marriages, and to reintegrate underage brides back into the education system.
speaker_13
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The law that we have, starting with the Child Justice Act, they amended the, uh, constitution.
speaker_16
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All those speak to protecting the girl child, but then the traditional law, uh, or customary law, does not take that into consideration.
speaker_16
happy
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So far, he says they have removed hundreds of girls from such marriages since 2023, collaborating with legal officers, traditional chiefs, and the police.
speaker_13
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After withdrawing them from child marriages, there is no support.
speaker_16
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Although Hawa says she's happy in her marriage and it's clear she was not pressured to marry, beneath the weight of her sacrifice, she still carries the drive of who she hopes to become.
speaker_13
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If we had everything at home, I would have loved to continue with my education, become a teacher, and better my life.
speaker_14
angry
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