SAS7BDAT parser: Speed up RLE/RDC decompression
Speed up RLE/RDC decompression. Brings a 30-50% performance improvement on SAS7BDAT files using compression.

Works by avoiding calls into NumPy array creation and using a custom-built buffer instead.

Also adds a bunch of `assert` statements to avoid illegal reads/writes. These slow the code down considerably; I will try to improve on that in a future PR.

Alternatives considered:

- Fast NumPy array creation: Didn't find a way to do it.
- Using Python's `bytearray`: Much slower.
- Using `array.array`: Much slower. Cython has a fast path but it is incompatible with PyPy.

- [ ] closes #xxxx (Replace xxxx with the Github issue number)
- [ ] [Tests added and passed](https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/dev/development/contributing_codebase.html#writing-tests) if fixing a bug or adding a new feature
- [ ] All [code checks passed](https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/dev/development/contributing_codebase.html#pre-commit).
- [ ] Added [type annotations](https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/dev/development/contributing_codebase.html#type-hints) to new arguments/methods/functions.
- [ ] Added an entry in the latest `doc/source/whatsnew/vX.X.X.rst` file if fixing a bug or adding a new feature.

@jbrockmendel mind reviewing this as well? @jonashaag thanks for your patience; im just coming off of a semi-vacation, starting to dig into the ping backlog now. > Fast NumPy array creation: Didn't find a way to do it.

Which usage would you need to replace? cc @WillAyd > > Fast NumPy array creation: Didn't find a way to do it.
> 
> Which usage would you need to replace?

Essentially the call to `calloc`. Cython will always call into NumPy and that will be done thousands/millions of times for a SAS file. can you also add a  whatsnew note @jonashaag can you rebase. 

@jbrockmendel ok here? @jbrockmendel mind to review this? thanks! :) > Works by avoiding calls into NumPy array creation and using a custom-built buffer instead.

where is the ndarray creation that is so expensive?  i dont have any real objection here, but am not wild about introducing a new class/struct whose methods are glorified getitem/setitem.
 fine by me @mroeschke FYI the What's New for 1.5 already include this PR and #47403, but we haven't merged so far. Sorry this and the other PR flew under the radar during the 1.5.0.rc release. I agree with @datapythonista as mentioned in https://github.com/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/47403#issuecomment-1242755217 and I think these would be more suitable for 1.6/2.0 @mroeschke can we please merge this together with #47403 and #47656 It’s in the other Pr > It’s in the other Pr

Any particular order these PRs should be reviewed/merged? I haven't been in the loop with these PR much and it seems like they contain items relevant to other PRs (like that whatsnew). If they are completely independent (including the whatnew), I think it might be easier to review Feel free to merge in any order. I can fix any conflicts. Making separate what’s new will require a conflict resolution on each PR after each merge  Code changes are independent, just the what’s new is in one PR to avoid conflicts  Thanks @jonashaag 