BUG: Fix Series divmod #26987
- [x] closes #26987 
- [x] tests added / passed
- [x] passes `git diff upstream/master -u -- "*.py" | flake8 --diff`
- [x] whatsnew entry

@TomAugspurger I'm running into issues in this branch calling np.putmask on a SparseArray.  Is there an alternative for that? merge master here > merge master here

Still troubleshooting SparseArray and IntegerArray failures locally. Closing in favor of #27239; SparseArray putmask needs to be figured out before this branch can go anywhere.