Series.str.find fix for pd.ArrowDtype(pa.string())
- [x] closes #56791(Replace xxxx with the GitHub issue number)
- [x] [Tests added and passed](https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/dev/development/contributing_codebase.html#writing-tests) if fixing a bug or adding a new feature
- [x] All [code checks passed](https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/dev/development/contributing_codebase.html#pre-commit).
- [ ] Added [type annotations](https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/dev/development/contributing_codebase.html#type-hints) to new arguments/methods/functions.
- [x] Added an entry in the latest `doc/source/whatsnew/vX.X.X.rst` file if fixing a bug or adding a new feature.

Extended e2e test to cover strings of different lengths. @WillAyd @mroeschke 

Any thoughts on this PR? I agree conditional code is not good, but I don't have a better solution with current arrow compute surface area. Should I close this PR if this solution is not desirable? Sorry this PR slipped through. I am OK with the changes in this PR could you merge in main once more? Merged. Thanks @rohanjain101 