WIP: ENH: Add numba engine to groupby apply
- [x] closes #31845
- [ ] tests added / passed
- [x] passes `black pandas`
- [x] passes `git diff upstream/master -u -- "*.py" | flake8 --diff`
- [ ] whatsnew entry

Some notes:

- The passed function must be a reduction op
- The numba engine will drop the grouping column by default
- Can only operate on numeric data and will return float64

Preliminary default timing:

```
(pandas-dev) matthewroeschke:pandas-mroeschke matthewroeschke$ ipython
Python 3.8.3 | packaged by conda-forge | (default, Jun  1 2020, 17:21:09)
Type 'copyright', 'credits' or 'license' for more information
IPython 7.16.1 -- An enhanced Interactive Python. Type '?' for help.

In [1]: df_g = pd.DataFrame({'a': range(10**4), 'b': range(10**4), 'c': range(10**4)})

In [2]: def f(x):
   ...:     return np.sum(x) + 1
   ...:

In [3]: df_g.groupby('a').apply(f)
Out[3]:
          a      b      c
a
0         1      1      1
1         2      2      2
2         3      3      3
3         4      4      4
4         5      5      5
...     ...    ...    ...
9995   9996   9996   9996
9996   9997   9997   9997
9997   9998   9998   9998
9998   9999   9999   9999
9999  10000  10000  10000

[10000 rows x 3 columns]

In [4]: %timeit df_g.groupby('a').apply(f)
3.07 s ± 57.1 ms per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 1 loop each)

In [5]: df_g.groupby('a').apply(f, engine='numba', engine_kwargs={'parallel': True})
Out[5]:
            0        1
0         1.0      1.0
1         2.0      2.0
2         3.0      3.0
3         4.0      4.0
4         5.0      5.0
...       ...      ...
9995   9996.0   9996.0
9996   9997.0   9997.0
9997   9998.0   9998.0
9998   9999.0   9999.0
9999  10000.0  10000.0

[10000 rows x 2 columns]

In [6]: %timeit df_g.groupby('a').apply(f, engine='numba', engine_kwargs={'parallel': True})

510 ms ± 3.46 ms per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 1 loop each)
```
Hello @mroeschke! Thanks for updating this PR. We checked the lines you've touched for [PEP 8](https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0008) issues, and found:





There are currently no PEP 8 issues detected in this Pull Request. Cheers! :beers: 

##### Comment last updated at 2020-08-05 18:13:49 UTC