TYP: Persist typing information for pipe args and kwargs
- [x] closes #56359
- [ ] [Tests added and passed](https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/dev/development/contributing_codebase.html#writing-tests) if fixing a bug or adding a new feature
- [ ] All [code checks passed](https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/dev/development/contributing_codebase.html#pre-commit).
- [x] Added [type annotations](https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/dev/development/contributing_codebase.html#type-hints) to new arguments/methods/functions.
- [ ] Added an entry in the latest `doc/source/whatsnew/vX.X.X.rst` file if fixing a bug or adding a new feature.

Porting work done in:

- https://github.com/pandas-dev/pandas-stubs/pull/823

over to this repository.

Still working on this, but sharing as an early draft for feedback and transparency.  Thank you @paw-lu!