ENH: Add more dt property/method support for ArrowDtype(timestamp)
- [x] closes #52388 (Replace xxxx with the GitHub issue number)
- [x] closes #51718
- [ ] [Tests added and passed](https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/dev/development/contributing_codebase.html#writing-tests) if fixing a bug or adding a new feature
- [x] All [code checks passed](https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/dev/development/contributing_codebase.html#pre-commit).
- [x] Added [type annotations](https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/dev/development/contributing_codebase.html#type-hints) to new arguments/methods/functions.
- [x] Added an entry in the latest `doc/source/whatsnew/vX.X.X.rst` file if fixing a bug or adding a new feature.

@phofl do you prefer backporting this too? No real opinion here, I think the string equivalent is used more widely so was better to back port the split pr Thanks for all the reviews @rok!  Going to merge this in. Can address any follow ups if needed