BUG: inconsistency when passing dict to Series with index
* Adds ValueError if passing a dict into pd.Series with a different size than the passed index parameter.  Closes #28418 



- [x] closes #xxxx
- [ ] tests added / passed
- [x] passes `black pandas`
- [x] passes `git diff upstream/master -u -- "*.py" | flake8 --diff`
- [ ] whatsnew entry

(Will add whatsnew / test if this solution is acceptable.)

Hello @jsal13! Thanks for updating this PR. We checked the lines you've touched for [PEP 8](https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0008) issues, and found:



There are currently no PEP 8 issues detected in this Pull Request. Cheers! :beers: 

##### Comment last updated at 2019-09-12 17:54:41 UTC Discussing this in the issue: https://github.com/pandas-dev/pandas/issues/28418 Closing due to it being not necessary.