DOC: update `read_clipboard` docstring to have proper formatting and all required sections.
- [x] closes #53837
- [ ] All [code checks passed](https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/dev/development/contributing_codebase.html#pre-commit).

Added code formatting, function and class references, as well as 'see also' and 'examples' sections.
Thanks @tpaxman 