Streamline docker usage
Took a look at this setup today and found a few things that could be improved to make it easier for new contributors. Some quick comparisons:

- Image size current 6.1 GB vs new 2.75 GB
- Image build time of current somewhere in the 30-45 minute range versus new at 2.5 min
- Current image blurs the lines of responsibility between a Docker image and a container
- Current image puts another layer of virtualization in with mamba that is arguably unnecessary with Docker

The remaining bottleneck with image creation is https://github.com/pandas-dev/pandas/issues/48828 
Is this compatible with VSCode's `.devcontainer.json` setup? I don't use VSCode personally but not sure if that assumes the Dockerfile needs to be configured a certain way Good question...at the very least it should match whatever the previous image had in terms of compatibility, but also not a VSCode user. Maybe @MarcoGorelli knows? @natmokval I think you said you were using Docker? Was it via vscode? If so, just tagging in case you felt like having a look

> Good question...at the very least it should match whatever the previous image had in terms of compatibility, but also not a VSCode user. Maybe @MarcoGorelli knows?

I don't remember any specific requirements in terms of compatibility when I tried it years' ago, but I'll give this a go I think this line will need changing:

https://github.com/pandas-dev/pandas/blob/39e0964ad7896ed758fb1f8fb7c2326685277b5e/.devcontainer.json#L13

Anyway, I tried out the rest in vscode, and it worked perfectly, well done! > @natmokval I think you said you were using Docker? Was it via vscode? If so, just tagging in case you felt like having a look
> 
Hi @MarcoGorelli , I use docker with VSCode, but without `.devcontainer.json`. I run docker in terminal and mount my repository into container by `-v /Users/natalia/pandas-natmokval:/home/pandas`. Haven't tried dev containers so far. Awesome thanks @MarcoGorelli for the VSCode help Is it OK to backport this so that the correct instructions show up in the `stable` version of the docs? I am fine with that @meeseeksdev please backport to 1.5.x