Added validation check for integer value for series.df
- [1] closes #56607 
- [2] All [code checks passed](https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/dev/development/contributing_codebase.html#pre-commit).
- [3 ] Imported is_float from from pandas.core.dtypes.common for the check and added an if statement to raise the ValueError. 
Can you add a test case and a whatsnew comment like I mentioned in my original comment [here](https://github.com/pandas-dev/pandas/issues/56607#issuecomment-1871321061)?

This is on the right track, though. @lithomas, I also found that algorithms.py should also need the check for the diff method. Do we have to open a new issue or shall I update both series.py and algorithms.py with the checks.My PR is updating the algorithms.py file but I can commit again with a series.py changes. I have added the mentioned testcase and whatsnew update @lithomas1.  Hi @lithomas1, I have completed all the checks.Can you let me know the next steps to close the PR? Also, thank you for all your help in setting up the environment. Looking forward to become active contributor to pandas hereon. thanks @pmhatre1 