BUG: Fix error in replace with strings that are large numbers (#25616)
- [x] closes #25616
- [x] tests added / passed
- [x] passes `git diff upstream/master -u -- "*.py" | flake8 --diff`
- [x] whatsnew entry

See discussion in #25616.

When `.replace` saw a value that looks like an int, it would try to convert it even if it caused an `OverflowError`.  This issue is only happening in newer versions of pandas due to the addition of `coerce_to_target_dtype` in `_replace_coerce`.  `coerce_to_target_dtype` is required to fix a lot of other issues, so the fix here was to prevent a coercion to an int that would cause an OverflowError by catching that exception, allowing the values to remain as objects.

I tried to play around with `coerce_to_target_dtype` as well (moving it until after the replace, only doing it when covert is True, etc.) but this caused various other coercion and replace tests to fail, so I left that untouched.

Tests have been added for both cases where I found `OverflowError` could occur with `replace`.
Hello @ArtificialQualia! Thanks for updating this PR. We checked the lines you've touched for [PEP 8](https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0008) issues, and found:





There are currently no PEP 8 issues detected in this Pull Request. Cheers! :beers: 

##### Comment last updated at 2019-03-12 20:45:17 UTC # [Codecov](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/25644?src=pr&el=h1) Report
> Merging [#25644](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/25644?src=pr&el=desc) into [master](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/commit/16edaaf756ce0b3b1d5ab74ca754a9ccd774825a?src=pr&el=desc) will **decrease** coverage by `49.54%`.
> The diff coverage is `0%`.

[![Impacted file tree graph](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/25644/graphs/tree.svg?width=650&token=eZ4WkYLtcO&height=150&src=pr)](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/25644?src=pr&el=tree)

```diff
@@             Coverage Diff             @@
##           master   #25644       +/-   ##
===========================================
- Coverage   91.26%   41.71%   -49.55%     
===========================================
  Files         173      173               
  Lines       52968    52968               
===========================================
- Hits        48339    22096    -26243     
- Misses       4629    30872    +26243
```

| Flag | Coverage Δ | |
|---|---|---|
| #multiple | `?` | |
| #single | `41.71% <0%> (ø)` | :arrow_up: |

| [Impacted Files](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/25644?src=pr&el=tree) | Coverage Δ | |
|---|---|---|
| [pandas/core/internals/blocks.py](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/25644/diff?src=pr&el=tree#diff-cGFuZGFzL2NvcmUvaW50ZXJuYWxzL2Jsb2Nrcy5weQ==) | `51.92% <0%> (-42.16%)` | :arrow_down: |
| [pandas/io/formats/latex.py](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/25644/diff?src=pr&el=tree#diff-cGFuZGFzL2lvL2Zvcm1hdHMvbGF0ZXgucHk=) | `0% <0%> (-100%)` | :arrow_down: |
| [pandas/core/categorical.py](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/25644/diff?src=pr&el=tree#diff-cGFuZGFzL2NvcmUvY2F0ZWdvcmljYWwucHk=) | `0% <0%> (-100%)` | :arrow_down: |
| [pandas/io/sas/sas\_constants.py](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/25644/diff?src=pr&el=tree#diff-cGFuZGFzL2lvL3Nhcy9zYXNfY29uc3RhbnRzLnB5) | `0% <0%> (-100%)` | :arrow_down: |
| [pandas/tseries/plotting.py](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/25644/diff?src=pr&el=tree#diff-cGFuZGFzL3RzZXJpZXMvcGxvdHRpbmcucHk=) | `0% <0%> (-100%)` | :arrow_down: |
| [pandas/tseries/converter.py](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/25644/diff?src=pr&el=tree#diff-cGFuZGFzL3RzZXJpZXMvY29udmVydGVyLnB5) | `0% <0%> (-100%)` | :arrow_down: |
| [pandas/io/formats/html.py](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/25644/diff?src=pr&el=tree#diff-cGFuZGFzL2lvL2Zvcm1hdHMvaHRtbC5weQ==) | `0% <0%> (-99.36%)` | :arrow_down: |
| [pandas/core/groupby/categorical.py](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/25644/diff?src=pr&el=tree#diff-cGFuZGFzL2NvcmUvZ3JvdXBieS9jYXRlZ29yaWNhbC5weQ==) | `0% <0%> (-95.46%)` | :arrow_down: |
| [pandas/io/sas/sas7bdat.py](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/25644/diff?src=pr&el=tree#diff-cGFuZGFzL2lvL3Nhcy9zYXM3YmRhdC5weQ==) | `0% <0%> (-91.17%)` | :arrow_down: |
| [pandas/io/sas/sas\_xport.py](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/25644/diff?src=pr&el=tree#diff-cGFuZGFzL2lvL3Nhcy9zYXNfeHBvcnQucHk=) | `0% <0%> (-90.15%)` | :arrow_down: |
| ... and [131 more](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/25644/diff?src=pr&el=tree-more) | |

------

[Continue to review full report at Codecov](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/25644?src=pr&el=continue).
> **Legend** - [Click here to learn more](https://docs.codecov.io/docs/codecov-delta)
> `Δ = absolute <relative> (impact)`, `ø = not affected`, `? = missing data`
> Powered by [Codecov](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/25644?src=pr&el=footer). Last update [16edaaf...4e16b9a](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/25644?src=pr&el=lastupdated). Read the [comment docs](https://docs.codecov.io/docs/pull-request-comments).
 # [Codecov](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/25644?src=pr&el=h1) Report
> Merging [#25644](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/25644?src=pr&el=desc) into [master](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/commit/a8fad16899bedfc3dabb6f196217d0c1004b231a?src=pr&el=desc) will **increase** coverage by `49.55%`.
> The diff coverage is `100%`.

[![Impacted file tree graph](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/25644/graphs/tree.svg?width=650&token=eZ4WkYLtcO&height=150&src=pr)](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/25644?src=pr&el=tree)

```diff
@@             Coverage Diff             @@
##           master   #25644       +/-   ##
===========================================
+ Coverage   41.73%   91.29%   +49.55%     
===========================================
  Files         173      173               
  Lines       52967    52961        -6     
===========================================
+ Hits        22106    48350    +26244     
+ Misses      30861     4611    -26250
```

| Flag | Coverage Δ | |
|---|---|---|
| #multiple | `89.86% <100%> (?)` | |
| #single | `41.73% <0%> (-0.01%)` | :arrow_down: |

| [Impacted Files](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/25644?src=pr&el=tree) | Coverage Δ | |
|---|---|---|
| [pandas/core/internals/blocks.py](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/25644/diff?src=pr&el=tree#diff-cGFuZGFzL2NvcmUvaW50ZXJuYWxzL2Jsb2Nrcy5weQ==) | `94.08% <100%> (+42.15%)` | :arrow_up: |
| [pandas/core/computation/pytables.py](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/25644/diff?src=pr&el=tree#diff-cGFuZGFzL2NvcmUvY29tcHV0YXRpb24vcHl0YWJsZXMucHk=) | `90.54% <0%> (+0.3%)` | :arrow_up: |
| [pandas/io/pytables.py](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/25644/diff?src=pr&el=tree#diff-cGFuZGFzL2lvL3B5dGFibGVzLnB5) | `90.11% <0%> (+0.95%)` | :arrow_up: |
| [pandas/util/\_test\_decorators.py](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/25644/diff?src=pr&el=tree#diff-cGFuZGFzL3V0aWwvX3Rlc3RfZGVjb3JhdG9ycy5weQ==) | `90.54% <0%> (+4.05%)` | :arrow_up: |
| [pandas/compat/\_\_init\_\_.py](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/25644/diff?src=pr&el=tree#diff-cGFuZGFzL2NvbXBhdC9fX2luaXRfXy5weQ==) | `58.03% <0%> (+8.23%)` | :arrow_up: |
| [pandas/core/config\_init.py](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/25644/diff?src=pr&el=tree#diff-cGFuZGFzL2NvcmUvY29uZmlnX2luaXQucHk=) | `99.24% <0%> (+9.84%)` | :arrow_up: |
| [pandas/io/formats/terminal.py](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/25644/diff?src=pr&el=tree#diff-cGFuZGFzL2lvL2Zvcm1hdHMvdGVybWluYWwucHk=) | `32.53% <0%> (+10.84%)` | :arrow_up: |
| [pandas/compat/numpy/\_\_init\_\_.py](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/25644/diff?src=pr&el=tree#diff-cGFuZGFzL2NvbXBhdC9udW1weS9fX2luaXRfXy5weQ==) | `93.33% <0%> (+13.33%)` | :arrow_up: |
| [pandas/io/formats/console.py](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/25644/diff?src=pr&el=tree#diff-cGFuZGFzL2lvL2Zvcm1hdHMvY29uc29sZS5weQ==) | `86.27% <0%> (+13.72%)` | :arrow_up: |
| [pandas/core/api.py](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/25644/diff?src=pr&el=tree#diff-cGFuZGFzL2NvcmUvYXBpLnB5) | `100% <0%> (+13.79%)` | :arrow_up: |
| ... and [131 more](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/25644/diff?src=pr&el=tree-more) | |

------

[Continue to review full report at Codecov](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/25644?src=pr&el=continue).
> **Legend** - [Click here to learn more](https://docs.codecov.io/docs/codecov-delta)
> `Δ = absolute <relative> (impact)`, `ø = not affected`, `? = missing data`
> Powered by [Codecov](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/25644?src=pr&el=footer). Last update [a8fad16...f32163c](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/25644?src=pr&el=lastupdated). Read the [comment docs](https://docs.codecov.io/docs/pull-request-comments).
 Fixed merge conflicts again Owee, I'm MrMeeseeks, Look at me.

There seem to be a conflict, please backport manually. Here are approximate instructions:

1. Checkout backport branch and update it.

```
$ git checkout 0.24.x
$ git pull
```

2. Cherry pick the first parent branch of the this PR on top of the older branch:
```
$ git cherry-pick -m1 12fd316de829b994d6e3d1fc14c59d8e8bf34500
```

3. You will likely have some merge/cherry-pick conflict here, fix them and commit:

```
$ git commit -am 'Backport PR #25644: BUG: Fix error in replace with strings that are large numbers (#25616)'
```

4. Push to a named branch :

```
git push YOURFORK 0.24.x:auto-backport-of-pr-25644-on-0.24.x
```

5. Create a PR against branch 0.24.x, I would have named this PR:

> "Backport PR #25644 on branch 0.24.x"

And apply the correct labels and milestones.

Congratulation you did some good work ! Hopefully your backport PR will be tested by the continuous integration and merged soon!

If these instruction are inaccurate, feel free to [suggest an improvement](https://github.com/MeeseeksBox/MeeseeksDev).
                 @ArtificialQualia Thanks a lot ! Manually backported in https://github.com/pandas-dev/pandas/commit/f4e1127ee8f5c30e9197af48072d73befb7d3b60