PERF: join/merge on subset of MultiIndex
- [x] [Tests added and passed](https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/dev/development/contributing_codebase.html#writing-tests) if fixing a bug or adding a new feature
- [x] All [code checks passed](https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/dev/development/contributing_codebase.html#pre-commit).
- [x] Added [type annotations](https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/dev/development/contributing_codebase.html#type-hints) to new arguments/methods/functions.
- [x] Added an entry in the latest `doc/source/whatsnew/v1.6.0.rst` file if fixing a bug or adding a new feature.

Existing code passes a range to algos.take_nd. Passing an ndarray is faster. 

```
       before           after         ratio
     [a712c501]       [00034d83]
     <main>           <multiindex-join-subset>
-    45.8±0.7ms       26.0±0.8ms      0.57  join_merge.JoinMultiindexSubset.time_join_multiindex_subset
```
thx @lukemanley 