 TST: Add test case for GH14080 for overflow exception
- [X] closes #14080 
- [X] tests added / passed
- [X] passes `git diff upstream/master -u -- "*.py" | flake8 --diff`
- [ ] Unsure if I should modify whatsnew if it is just adding a test?

Hello @eoveson! Thanks for submitting the PR.

 - There are no PEP8 issues in the file [`pandas/tests/scalar/timestamp/test_arithmetic.py`](https://github.com/eoveson/pandas/blob/f7be8f3828f9eddd204af577216e388d7cf5da12/pandas/tests/scalar/timestamp/test_arithmetic.py) !

 # [Codecov](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/23762?src=pr&el=h1) Report
> Merging [#23762](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/23762?src=pr&el=desc) into [master](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/commit/24bce1a5fdd70a66b9fb5e2f9f51631d1df6add3?src=pr&el=desc) will **not change** coverage.
> The diff coverage is `n/a`.

[![Impacted file tree graph](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/23762/graphs/tree.svg?width=650&token=eZ4WkYLtcO&height=150&src=pr)](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/23762?src=pr&el=tree)

```diff
@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##           master   #23762   +/-   ##
=======================================
  Coverage   92.23%   92.23%           
=======================================
  Files         161      161           
  Lines       51408    51408           
=======================================
  Hits        47416    47416           
  Misses       3992     3992
```

| Flag | Coverage Δ | |
|---|---|---|
| #multiple | `90.62% <ø> (ø)` | :arrow_up: |
| #single | `42.3% <ø> (ø)` | :arrow_up: |


------

[Continue to review full report at Codecov](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/23762?src=pr&el=continue).
> **Legend** - [Click here to learn more](https://docs.codecov.io/docs/codecov-delta)
> `Δ = absolute <relative> (impact)`, `ø = not affected`, `? = missing data`
> Powered by [Codecov](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/23762?src=pr&el=footer). Last update [24bce1a...c727003](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/23762?src=pr&el=lastupdated). Read the [comment docs](https://docs.codecov.io/docs/pull-request-comments).
 thanks @eoveson  Thanks everyone for your feedback and the quick action on my pull request!