BUG df.plot.box handles matplotlib Axes with sharey=True
- [x] closes #54941 
- [x] [Tests added and passed](https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/dev/development/contributing_codebase.html#writing-tests) if fixing a bug or adding a new feature
- [x] All [code checks passed](https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/dev/development/contributing_codebase.html#pre-commit).
- [x] Added [type annotations](https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/dev/development/contributing_codebase.html#type-hints) to new arguments/methods/functions.
- [x] Added an entry in the latest `doc/source/whatsnew/vX.X.X.rst` file if fixing a bug or adding a new feature.

I think this is a first fix. However, there is still a discrepancy between `df.boxplot` and `df.plot.box`:

### `df.plot.box`

<img width="859" alt="image" src="https://github.com/pandas-dev/pandas/assets/7454015/4a06e68d-e221-479d-ab91-de1428b07370">

### `df.boxplot`

<img width="828" alt="image" src="https://github.com/pandas-dev/pandas/assets/7454015/99339d8f-d320-47e5-8e16-194516a9f17f">

On the `df.plot.box`, the minor ticks are visible mainly due to calling this function:

https://github.com/pandas-dev/pandas/blob/ac8d34dd9a3a05bf0c5108e808d3ab0a4e80a93b/pandas/plotting/_matplotlib/tools.py#L318-L331

The `plt.boxplot` will not create the minor ticks but with the plot accessor, the `_adorn_subplots` is calling `handle_shared_axes` that is calling the function above and somehow recreating the minor ticks.

I would leave this issue for another PR because touching this part should have some other side effect on other plots. Thanks @glemaitre 