DEPR: remove Int/Uint/Float64Index from tests/arithmetic + various
Progress towards #42717.

Arithmetic ops with indexes with 8/16/32 bit dtypes is a bit difficult and I'd like like to work on that after removal of Int64Index etc. So there's a follow-up, where more dtypes should be added to the tests in `pandas/tests/arithmetic/`.
The failure looks unrelated. Thanks @topper-123 