REF: Remove dynamic docstrings from option methods
xref https://github.com/pandas-dev/pandas/issues/57578#issuecomment-1960937283

These methods have complex docstrings in an attempt to display all option within the docstring. This makes these docstrings hard to automatically validate and [renders the internal implementation](https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/reference/api/pandas.describe_option.html#pandas.describe_option) in Sphinx. I think it's reasonable to link to the docs where all the options are listed instead.

Additionally did some cleanups removing `silent` from some of these methods by instead catching warnings where needed


/preview Website preview of this PR available at: https://pandas.pydata.org/preview/pandas-dev/pandas/57710/