ENH: add `ExtensionArray._explode` method; adjust pyarrow extension for use of new interface
- [x] closes #54833 
- [x] [Tests added and passed](https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/dev/development/contributing_codebase.html#writing-tests) if fixing a bug or adding a new feature
- [x] All [code checks passed](https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/dev/development/contributing_codebase.html#pre-commit).
- [x] Added [type annotations](https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/dev/development/contributing_codebase.html#type-hints) to new arguments/methods/functions.
- [x] Added an entry in the latest `doc/source/whatsnew/vX.X.X.rst` file if fixing a bug or adding a new feature.

```bash
Error: /home/runner/work/pandas/pandas/pandas/core/arrays/base.py:1928:GL01:pandas.api.extensions.ExtensionArray._explode:Docstring text (summary) should start in the line immediately after the opening quotes (not in the same line, or leaving a blank line in between)
Error: /home/runner/work/pandas/pandas/pandas/core/arrays/base.py:1928:GL02:pandas.api.extensions.ExtensionArray._explode:Closing quotes should be placed in the line after the last text in the docstring (do not close the quotes in the same line as the text, or leave a blank line between the last text and the quotes)
Error: /home/runner/work/pandas/pandas/pandas/core/arrays/base.py:1928:GL03:pandas.api.extensions.ExtensionArray._explode:Double line break found; please use only one blank line to separate sections or paragraphs, and do not leave blank lines at the end of docstrings
Error: /home/runner/work/pandas/pandas/pandas/core/arrays/base.py:1928:SA03:pandas.api.extensions.ExtensionArray._explode:Description should be capitalized for See Also "Series.explode" reference
Error: /home/runner/work/pandas/pandas/pandas/core/arrays/base.py:1928:EX01:pandas.api.extensions.ExtensionArray._explode:No examples section found
``` Could you fix the merge conflict? I think this should be good to merge after that yep, fixed! (CI failures look unrelated; spelling in a file untouched but this PR and an installation issue associated with BLAS) Thanks @douglasdavis 