ENH: Create DockerFile and devcontainer.json files to work with Docker and VS Code in Containers
- [x] closes #30614 
- [ ] tests added / passed
- [ ] passes `black pandas`
- [ ] passes `git diff upstream/master -u -- "*.py" | flake8 --diff`
- [ ] whatsnew entry

The instructions aren't that well written, and should probably be improved, but here's a first shot.
@WillAyd : Could you have a look? I’ll look this weekend 

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 Two questions, neither blockers.   Is the root directory the ideal/only place for this?  Do we need to worry about this getting out of date? @jbrockmendel per the VS Code docs `devcontainer.json` needs to be either in the root directory or in `root/devcontainer`. And regarding becoming outdated, the `DockerFile` is really very simple, just updating the Linux base image, cloning the pandas repo, and building it. Not sure what will be out of date. Hi all, just bumping this in case it gets stale @pandas-dev/pandas-core can we merge?