CLN: clean more uses of python2-style super()
- [x] xref #25725 & #26177

Simplifies the uses of ``super`` by converting to use python3 idioms. This is a followup to #26177, focusing on uses of ``super`` in class methods.

Also adds a check for python2-style uses of ``super`` in code_checks.sh.
# [Codecov](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/26261?src=pr&el=h1) Report
> Merging [#26261](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/26261?src=pr&el=desc) into [master](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/commit/80be9b5defaff892e3362a31b44ca1479c2847b6?src=pr&el=desc) will **decrease** coverage by `<.01%`.
> The diff coverage is `100%`.

[![Impacted file tree graph](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/26261/graphs/tree.svg?width=650&token=eZ4WkYLtcO&height=150&src=pr)](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/26261?src=pr&el=tree)

```diff
@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##           master   #26261      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   91.97%   91.97%   -0.01%     
==========================================
  Files         175      175              
  Lines       52386    52386              
==========================================
- Hits        48184    48181       -3     
- Misses       4202     4205       +3
```

| Flag | Coverage Δ | |
|---|---|---|
| #multiple | `90.52% <100%> (ø)` | :arrow_up: |
| #single | `40.72% <66.66%> (-0.16%)` | :arrow_down: |

| [Impacted Files](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/26261?src=pr&el=tree) | Coverage Δ | |
|---|---|---|
| [pandas/core/arrays/categorical.py](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/26261/diff?src=pr&el=tree#diff-cGFuZGFzL2NvcmUvYXJyYXlzL2NhdGVnb3JpY2FsLnB5) | `95.96% <ø> (ø)` | :arrow_up: |
| [pandas/tseries/holiday.py](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/26261/diff?src=pr&el=tree#diff-cGFuZGFzL3RzZXJpZXMvaG9saWRheS5weQ==) | `93.1% <100%> (ø)` | :arrow_up: |
| [pandas/core/dtypes/dtypes.py](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/26261/diff?src=pr&el=tree#diff-cGFuZGFzL2NvcmUvZHR5cGVzL2R0eXBlcy5weQ==) | `96.42% <100%> (ø)` | :arrow_up: |
| [pandas/core/groupby/grouper.py](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/26261/diff?src=pr&el=tree#diff-cGFuZGFzL2NvcmUvZ3JvdXBieS9ncm91cGVyLnB5) | `98.52% <100%> (ø)` | :arrow_up: |
| [pandas/core/frame.py](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/26261/diff?src=pr&el=tree#diff-cGFuZGFzL2NvcmUvZnJhbWUucHk=) | `96.9% <100%> (-0.12%)` | :arrow_down: |
| [pandas/core/indexes/timedeltas.py](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/26261/diff?src=pr&el=tree#diff-cGFuZGFzL2NvcmUvaW5kZXhlcy90aW1lZGVsdGFzLnB5) | `91.59% <100%> (ø)` | :arrow_up: |
| [pandas/core/indexes/datetimes.py](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/26261/diff?src=pr&el=tree#diff-cGFuZGFzL2NvcmUvaW5kZXhlcy9kYXRldGltZXMucHk=) | `96.85% <100%> (ø)` | :arrow_up: |
| [pandas/core/arrays/sparse.py](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/26261/diff?src=pr&el=tree#diff-cGFuZGFzL2NvcmUvYXJyYXlzL3NwYXJzZS5weQ==) | `92.3% <100%> (ø)` | :arrow_up: |
| [pandas/io/gbq.py](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/26261/diff?src=pr&el=tree#diff-cGFuZGFzL2lvL2dicS5weQ==) | `78.94% <0%> (-10.53%)` | :arrow_down: |
| ... and [1 more](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/26261/diff?src=pr&el=tree-more) | |

------

[Continue to review full report at Codecov](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/26261?src=pr&el=continue).
> **Legend** - [Click here to learn more](https://docs.codecov.io/docs/codecov-delta)
> `Δ = absolute <relative> (impact)`, `ø = not affected`, `? = missing data`
> Powered by [Codecov](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/26261?src=pr&el=footer). Last update [80be9b5...b9ea320](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/26261?src=pr&el=lastupdated). Read the [comment docs](https://docs.codecov.io/docs/pull-request-comments).
 # [Codecov](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/26261?src=pr&el=h1) Report
> Merging [#26261](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/26261?src=pr&el=desc) into [master](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/commit/80be9b5defaff892e3362a31b44ca1479c2847b6?src=pr&el=desc) will **decrease** coverage by `<.01%`.
> The diff coverage is `100%`.

[![Impacted file tree graph](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/26261/graphs/tree.svg?width=650&token=eZ4WkYLtcO&height=150&src=pr)](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/26261?src=pr&el=tree)

```diff
@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##           master   #26261      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   91.97%   91.97%   -0.01%     
==========================================
  Files         175      175              
  Lines       52386    52386              
==========================================
- Hits        48184    48181       -3     
- Misses       4202     4205       +3
```

| Flag | Coverage Δ | |
|---|---|---|
| #multiple | `90.52% <100%> (ø)` | :arrow_up: |
| #single | `40.72% <66.66%> (-0.16%)` | :arrow_down: |

| [Impacted Files](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/26261?src=pr&el=tree) | Coverage Δ | |
|---|---|---|
| [pandas/core/arrays/categorical.py](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/26261/diff?src=pr&el=tree#diff-cGFuZGFzL2NvcmUvYXJyYXlzL2NhdGVnb3JpY2FsLnB5) | `95.96% <ø> (ø)` | :arrow_up: |
| [pandas/tseries/holiday.py](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/26261/diff?src=pr&el=tree#diff-cGFuZGFzL3RzZXJpZXMvaG9saWRheS5weQ==) | `93.1% <100%> (ø)` | :arrow_up: |
| [pandas/core/dtypes/dtypes.py](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/26261/diff?src=pr&el=tree#diff-cGFuZGFzL2NvcmUvZHR5cGVzL2R0eXBlcy5weQ==) | `96.42% <100%> (ø)` | :arrow_up: |
| [pandas/core/groupby/grouper.py](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/26261/diff?src=pr&el=tree#diff-cGFuZGFzL2NvcmUvZ3JvdXBieS9ncm91cGVyLnB5) | `98.52% <100%> (ø)` | :arrow_up: |
| [pandas/core/frame.py](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/26261/diff?src=pr&el=tree#diff-cGFuZGFzL2NvcmUvZnJhbWUucHk=) | `96.9% <100%> (-0.12%)` | :arrow_down: |
| [pandas/core/indexes/timedeltas.py](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/26261/diff?src=pr&el=tree#diff-cGFuZGFzL2NvcmUvaW5kZXhlcy90aW1lZGVsdGFzLnB5) | `91.59% <100%> (ø)` | :arrow_up: |
| [pandas/core/indexes/datetimes.py](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/26261/diff?src=pr&el=tree#diff-cGFuZGFzL2NvcmUvaW5kZXhlcy9kYXRldGltZXMucHk=) | `96.85% <100%> (ø)` | :arrow_up: |
| [pandas/core/arrays/sparse.py](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/26261/diff?src=pr&el=tree#diff-cGFuZGFzL2NvcmUvYXJyYXlzL3NwYXJzZS5weQ==) | `92.3% <100%> (ø)` | :arrow_up: |
| [pandas/io/gbq.py](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/26261/diff?src=pr&el=tree#diff-cGFuZGFzL2lvL2dicS5weQ==) | `78.94% <0%> (-10.53%)` | :arrow_down: |
| ... and [1 more](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/26261/diff?src=pr&el=tree-more) | |

------

[Continue to review full report at Codecov](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/26261?src=pr&el=continue).
> **Legend** - [Click here to learn more](https://docs.codecov.io/docs/codecov-delta)
> `Δ = absolute <relative> (impact)`, `ø = not affected`, `? = missing data`
> Powered by [Codecov](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/26261?src=pr&el=footer). Last update [80be9b5...b9ea320](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/26261?src=pr&el=lastupdated). Read the [comment docs](https://docs.codecov.io/docs/pull-request-comments).
 thanks @topper-123 