DEPR: Silent dropping of nuisance columns in transform_dict_like
Part of #43740

- [x] tests added / passed
- [x] Ensure all linting tests pass, see [here](https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/dev/development/contributing_codebase.html#pre-commit) for how to run them
- [x] whatsnew entry
@rhshadrach want to make a PR enforcing this deprecation? Yep, will do.