BUG: Negative freq in date_range produces values out of start and endpoints
- [X] closes https://github.com/pandas-dev/pandas/issues/56147
- [X] [Tests added and passed](https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/dev/development/contributing_codebase.html#writing-tests) if fixing a bug or adding a new feature
- [X] All [code checks passed](https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/dev/development/contributing_codebase.html#pre-commit).
- [X] Added [type annotations](https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/dev/development/contributing_codebase.html#type-hints) to new arguments/methods/functions.
- [X] Added an entry in the latest `doc/source/whatsnew/vX.X.X.rst` file if fixing a bug or adding a new feature.

pre-commit.ci autofix thanks, taking a look next week - could you fix up the conflicts please? pre-commit.ci autofix Awaiting https://github.com/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/56873 to fix the test failure in:
```
__________________ test_api_categorical[postgresql_adbc_conn] __________________
[gw0] linux -- Python 3.9.18 /home/runner/micromamba/envs/test/bin/python3.9
[XPASS(strict)] categorical dtype not implemented for ADBC postgres driver
``` whoops I didn't mean to delete that, will try to rectify This pull request is stale because it has been open for thirty days with no activity. Please [update](https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/development/contributing.html#updating-your-pull-request) and respond to this comment if you're still interested in working on this. this is probably fine, I just haven't had a chance yet to check how (in?)consistently negative ranges are currently handled. I'm aiming to get this in by 3.0 if it's ready pre-commit.ci autofix Thanks @jrmylow 