Reduce copying of input data on Series construction
closes #17449
# [Codecov](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/18231?src=pr&el=h1) Report
> Merging [#18231](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/18231?src=pr&el=desc) into [master](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/commit/96a527434a6138b291c1b4a782bd2793cff51f74?src=pr&el=desc) will **decrease** coverage by `0.04%`.
> The diff coverage is `83.33%`.

[![Impacted file tree graph](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/18231/graphs/tree.svg?width=650&height=150&src=pr&token=eZ4WkYLtcO)](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/18231?src=pr&el=tree)

```diff
@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##           master   #18231      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   91.43%   91.38%   -0.05%     
==========================================
  Files         163      163              
  Lines       50091    50099       +8     
==========================================
- Hits        45800    45784      -16     
- Misses       4291     4315      +24
```

| Flag | Coverage Δ | |
|---|---|---|
| #multiple | `89.19% <83.33%> (-0.03%)` | :arrow_down: |
| #single | `40.39% <42.59%> (-0.04%)` | :arrow_down: |

| [Impacted Files](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/18231?src=pr&el=tree) | Coverage Δ | |
|---|---|---|
| [pandas/core/indexes/timedeltas.py](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/18231?src=pr&el=tree#diff-cGFuZGFzL2NvcmUvaW5kZXhlcy90aW1lZGVsdGFzLnB5) | `91.17% <100%> (ø)` | :arrow_up: |
| [pandas/core/indexes/period.py](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/18231?src=pr&el=tree#diff-cGFuZGFzL2NvcmUvaW5kZXhlcy9wZXJpb2QucHk=) | `92.91% <100%> (+0.02%)` | :arrow_up: |
| [pandas/core/dtypes/cast.py](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/18231?src=pr&el=tree#diff-cGFuZGFzL2NvcmUvZHR5cGVzL2Nhc3QucHk=) | `88.39% <71.42%> (+0.22%)` | :arrow_up: |
| [pandas/core/indexes/base.py](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/18231?src=pr&el=tree#diff-cGFuZGFzL2NvcmUvaW5kZXhlcy9iYXNlLnB5) | `96.42% <87.5%> (ø)` | :arrow_up: |
| [pandas/core/indexes/datetimes.py](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/18231?src=pr&el=tree#diff-cGFuZGFzL2NvcmUvaW5kZXhlcy9kYXRldGltZXMucHk=) | `95.48% <87.5%> (ø)` | :arrow_up: |
| [pandas/core/series.py](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/18231?src=pr&el=tree#diff-cGFuZGFzL2NvcmUvc2VyaWVzLnB5) | `94.82% <90.9%> (-0.19%)` | :arrow_down: |
| [pandas/io/gbq.py](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/18231?src=pr&el=tree#diff-cGFuZGFzL2lvL2dicS5weQ==) | `25% <0%> (-58.34%)` | :arrow_down: |
| [pandas/plotting/\_converter.py](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/18231?src=pr&el=tree#diff-cGFuZGFzL3Bsb3R0aW5nL19jb252ZXJ0ZXIucHk=) | `63.38% <0%> (-1.82%)` | :arrow_down: |
| [pandas/core/frame.py](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/18231?src=pr&el=tree#diff-cGFuZGFzL2NvcmUvZnJhbWUucHk=) | `97.8% <0%> (-0.1%)` | :arrow_down: |
| [pandas/core/internals.py](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/18231?src=pr&el=tree#diff-cGFuZGFzL2NvcmUvaW50ZXJuYWxzLnB5) | `94.47% <0%> (-0.08%)` | :arrow_down: |
| ... and [1 more](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/18231?src=pr&el=tree-more) | |

------

[Continue to review full report at Codecov](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/18231?src=pr&el=continue).
> **Legend** - [Click here to learn more](https://docs.codecov.io/docs/codecov-delta)
> `Δ = absolute <relative> (impact)`, `ø = not affected`, `? = missing data`
> Powered by [Codecov](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/18231?src=pr&el=footer). Last update [96a5274...5f4a297](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/18231?src=pr&el=lastupdated). Read the [comment docs](https://docs.codecov.io/docs/pull-request-comments).
 # [Codecov](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/18231?src=pr&el=h1) Report
> Merging [#18231](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/18231?src=pr&el=desc) into [master](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/commit/8486c7361a1dfa771e738346cb5bf4bf55ce0ec6?src=pr&el=desc) will **decrease** coverage by `0.04%`.
> The diff coverage is `100%`.

[![Impacted file tree graph](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/18231/graphs/tree.svg?width=650&height=150&token=eZ4WkYLtcO&src=pr)](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/18231?src=pr&el=tree)

```diff
@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##           master   #18231      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   91.36%   91.32%   -0.05%     
==========================================
  Files         164      164              
  Lines       49718    49726       +8     
==========================================
- Hits        45426    45410      -16     
- Misses       4292     4316      +24
```

| Flag | Coverage Δ | |
|---|---|---|
| #multiple | `89.12% <100%> (-0.03%)` | :arrow_down: |
| #single | `39.63% <70.83%> (-0.05%)` | :arrow_down: |

| [Impacted Files](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/18231?src=pr&el=tree) | Coverage Δ | |
|---|---|---|
| [pandas/core/series.py](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/18231?src=pr&el=tree#diff-cGFuZGFzL2NvcmUvc2VyaWVzLnB5) | `94.84% <100%> (-0.19%)` | :arrow_down: |
| [pandas/core/dtypes/cast.py](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/18231?src=pr&el=tree#diff-cGFuZGFzL2NvcmUvZHR5cGVzL2Nhc3QucHk=) | `88.39% <100%> (+0.22%)` | :arrow_up: |
| [pandas/core/indexes/datetimes.py](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/18231?src=pr&el=tree#diff-cGFuZGFzL2NvcmUvaW5kZXhlcy9kYXRldGltZXMucHk=) | `95.48% <100%> (ø)` | :arrow_up: |
| [pandas/core/indexes/timedeltas.py](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/18231?src=pr&el=tree#diff-cGFuZGFzL2NvcmUvaW5kZXhlcy90aW1lZGVsdGFzLnB5) | `91.14% <100%> (ø)` | :arrow_up: |
| [pandas/core/indexes/period.py](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/18231?src=pr&el=tree#diff-cGFuZGFzL2NvcmUvaW5kZXhlcy9wZXJpb2QucHk=) | `92.92% <100%> (+0.02%)` | :arrow_up: |
| [pandas/core/indexes/base.py](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/18231?src=pr&el=tree#diff-cGFuZGFzL2NvcmUvaW5kZXhlcy9iYXNlLnB5) | `96.43% <100%> (ø)` | :arrow_up: |
| [pandas/io/gbq.py](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/18231?src=pr&el=tree#diff-cGFuZGFzL2lvL2dicS5weQ==) | `25% <0%> (-58.34%)` | :arrow_down: |
| [pandas/plotting/\_converter.py](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/18231?src=pr&el=tree#diff-cGFuZGFzL3Bsb3R0aW5nL19jb252ZXJ0ZXIucHk=) | `63.44% <0%> (-1.82%)` | :arrow_down: |
| [pandas/core/frame.py](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/18231?src=pr&el=tree#diff-cGFuZGFzL2NvcmUvZnJhbWUucHk=) | `97.8% <0%> (-0.1%)` | :arrow_down: |
| [pandas/core/internals.py](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/18231?src=pr&el=tree#diff-cGFuZGFzL2NvcmUvaW50ZXJuYWxzLnB5) | `94.47% <0%> (-0.08%)` | :arrow_down: |
| ... and [1 more](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/18231?src=pr&el=tree-more) | |

------

[Continue to review full report at Codecov](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/18231?src=pr&el=continue).
> **Legend** - [Click here to learn more](https://docs.codecov.io/docs/codecov-delta)
> `Δ = absolute <relative> (impact)`, `ø = not affected`, `? = missing data`
> Powered by [Codecov](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/18231?src=pr&el=footer). Last update [8486c73...f5cb71f](https://codecov.io/gh/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/18231?src=pr&el=lastupdated). Read the [comment docs](https://docs.codecov.io/docs/pull-request-comments).
 @TomAugspurger @jorisvandenbossche 

this is a slight API change (and a bug fix), but was needed to conform Series creation a bit.