REGR: fix inplace arithmetic operation on Series no longer updating parent DataFrame
Closes #36373

See discussion at https://github.com/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/36498#issuecomment-708578774 for reverting the original fix (https://github.com/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/30501 for #30484)
@jorisvandenbossche i have no objection if you're just looking for the quickest available fix, but another option is to update NDFrame._inplace_method:

```
def _inplace_method(self, other, op):
    result = op(self, other)

+    if self.ndim == 1 and result._indexed_same(self) and result.dtype == self.dtype:
+        self._values[:] = result._values
+        return self

    self._reset_cacher()
    [...]
```

i havent run the full test suite on this yet, but it passes the new test this PR adds and one of the two that this PR xfails. > i have no objection if you're just looking for the quickest available fix

That's indeed the case, as I want to have this fixed for 1.1.4, and I am almost off to bed ;-) 
But certainly feel free to push that change here (or in another PR), if it passes the test we can merge that instead.
  yeah let's just revert this as is to avoid blocking. @jbrockmendel feel free to push your change in a new PR > @jbrockmendel feel free to push your change in a new PR

or could add the change to _maybe_cache_changed from #36498. The blockers on that PR weren't related to that change. Closing in favor of https://github.com/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/37508, which fixes it without reverting the fix in `drop` (thanks @jbrockmendel !)