ENH: Make deprecate_nonkeyword_arguments alter function signature
- [x] closes #48692
- [x] [Tests added and passed](https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/dev/development/contributing_codebase.html#writing-tests) if fixing a bug or adding a new feature
- [ ] All [code checks passed](https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/dev/development/contributing_codebase.html#pre-commit).
- [x] Added [type annotations](https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/dev/development/contributing_codebase.html#type-hints) to new arguments/methods/functions.
- [x] Added an entry in the latest `doc/source/whatsnew/vX.X.X.rst` file if fixing a bug or adding a new feature.

Nice, thanks for working on this - would this solve https://github.com/pandas-dev/pandas/issues/48656 too? @MarcoGorelli it almost fixes it, but not quite (since we have to look in kwonlyargs not args). Once this is merged I can open a PR to fix that Thanks @hauntsaninja !