metadata

tags:
  - sentence-transformers
  - sentence-similarity
  - feature-extraction
  - generated_from_trainer
  - dataset_size:1000
  - loss:MultipleNegativesRankingLoss
base_model: sentence-transformers/all-distilroberta-v1
widget:
  - source_sentence: >-
      Does use of modified multiband ligator facilitate circumferential EMR in
      Barrett 's esophagus ( with video )?
    sentences:
      - >-
        To analyse the relationship between mast cells and vascularisation in
        pterygia and to determine whether mast cells play an important role in
        the vascularisation of pterygia through the secretion of vascular
        endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Fifty-two pterygia and forty-four
        normal conjunctiva samples were obtained. Formalin-fixed, paraffin
        wax-embedded tissues were analysed by immunohistochemistry with CD31 and
        VEGF antibodies. Dual-immunofluorescence was used to see the location of
        mast cells and microvessels. To prove that mast cells have the function
        of secreting VEGF, we used dual-immunofluorescence, toluidine blue stain
        and immunohistochemisty study. Mast cells are located near the
        microvessels. The numbers of mast cells in pterygia (10.8 ± 2.7) were
        significantly higher compared with those in conjunctiva (4.7 ± 2.4,
        p<0.01). The numbers of microvessels in pterygia (20.7 ± 5.4) were also
        significantly higher than those in conjunctiva (9.3 ± 2.9, p<0.01).
        There was an association between mast cell count and microvessel density
        in pterygia (r=0.77, p<0.001). The cells were positive for toluidine
        blue staining and could express VEGF through a serial section stain.
        Dual-immunofluorescence showed that VEGF and mast cell tryptase (MCT)
        were expressed in the same cell.
      - >-
        Various techniques are available for EMR in the upper- and lower-GI
        tract. For early cancers of the esophagus, the "suck and cut" technique,
        which uses a transparent cap or variceal band ligator, is the most
        commonly practiced method. To facilitate multiple or circumferential
        EMR, a modified multiband variceal ligator (MBL) is introduced, which
        allows sequential banding and snare resection without the need to
        withdraw the endoscope. To study the feasibility of modified MBL device
        in facilitating circumferential EMR of Barrett's esophagus (BE) that
        contains high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (HGIN) and/or intramucosal
        cancer (IMC). To enable band delivery with a snare inserted in the
        therapeutic endoscope, the threading channel of the cranking device is
        enlarged from 2 to 3.2 mm. The 6-shooter MBL was used. Ten consecutive
        patients (all men; median age, 62 years; range 43-82 years) with BE were
        treated. IMC and HGIN were found in 8 and 2 patients, respectively. EMR
        was performed with pure coagulating current when using a 1.5 x 2.5-cm
        mini hexagonal polypectomy snare. No submucosal saline solution
        injection was performed before resection. In 5 of 10 patients with
        circumferential BE of 2 to 9 cm in length (median, 4 cm), complete
        circumferential EMR was performed in 1 session by using 3 to 18 bands
        (median, 6). Four patients with 3- to 10-cm (median, 4 cm) long segment
        BE required 2 to 5 sessions (median, 3) with a total of 5 to 42 bands
        (median, 12). Another patient with multifocal HGIN and/or IMC in 24 of a
        total of 49 specimens was finally recommended for surgery because of
        technical difficulties caused by mural thickening after 4 sessions. No
        serious procedure-related complications were observed, except for 2
        minor bleedings, which were controlled endoscopically. Seven patients
        developed strictures after circumferential EMR. All patients except 1
        were successfully managed by weekly bougienage after a median of 5
        sessions (range 3-11). Deep-wall tears developed in 1 patient during the
        fourth bougienage session, for which limited distal esophageal resection
        was performed with an uneventful outcome.
      - >-
        Weight gain after kidney transplantation (Tx) is considered a risk
        factor for poor outcomes. Increased oxidative stress is associated with
        not only chronic renal disease and Tx, but also obesity and
        cardiovascular disease. The aim of this pilot study was to test whether
        oxidative stress is related to weight gain at 12-months after kidney Tx
        and to obtain preliminary insight into potential mechanisms involved.
        Recipients (n=33) were classified into two groups; weight loss and
        weight gain, based on their weight changes at 12-months post-transplant.
        Total antioxidant capacity (TAOC) and lipid peroxidation (TBARS) were
        measured to evaluate oxidative stress from plasma at baseline and
        12-months. A secondary data analysis was conducted to identify potential
        gene regulation. Seventeen recipients lost (-6.63±5.52kg), and sixteen
        recipients gained weight (8.94±6.18kg). TAOC was significantly decreased
        at 12-months compared to baseline for the total group, however, there
        was no significant difference between groups at either time point. TBARS
        was higher in weight gain group, at both time points, and it was
        significantly higher at 12-months (p=0.012). Gene expression profiling
        analysis showed that 7 transcripts annotated to reactive oxygen species
        related genes in adipose tissue were expressed significantly lower in
        weight gain group at baseline, which might be a negative feedback
        mechanism to reduce oxidative stress.
  - source_sentence: >-
      Are pTEN and PDCD4 bona fide targets of microRNA-21 in human
      cholangiocarcinoma?
    sentences:
      - >-
        To investigate the expression profile of microRNA-21 in human
        cholangiocarcinoma tissues and to validate its bona fide targets in
        human cholangiocarcinoma cells. The expression profile of microRNA-21 in
        human cholangiocarcinoma tissues and cholangiocarcinoma cell line,
        QBC939, was evaluated by using real-time PCR analysis. The bona fide
        targets of microRNA-21 were analyzed and confirmed by dual luciferase
        reporter gene assay and western blot, respectively. The expressional
        correlation of microRNA-21 and its targets was probed in human
        cholangiocarcinoma tissues by using real-time PCR, locked nucleic acid
        in situ hybridization (LNA-ISH), and immunohistochemistry analysis.
        Real-time PCR analysis revealed that microRNA-21 expression depicted a
        significant up-regulation in human cholangiocarcinoma tissues about
        5.6-fold as compared to the matched normal bile duct tissues (P<0.05).
        The dual luciferase reporter gene assay revealed endogenous microRNA-21
        in cholangiocarcinoma cell line, QBC939, inhibited the luciferase
        reporter activities of wild-type PTEN (P<0.01) and PDCD4 (P<0.05) and
        had no this effect on mutated PTEN and PDCD4. Moreover, loss of
        microRNA-21 function led to a significant increase of PTEN and PDCD4
        protein levels in QBC939 cells. Elevated microRNA-21 levels were
        accompanied by marked reductions of PTEN and PDCD4 expression in the
        same cholangiocarcinoma tissue.
      - >-
        CC chemokines mediate leukocyte infiltration into inflamed tissue. We
        have recently shown that blockade of the CC chemokine receptor CCR1
        reduces interstitial inflammation and fibrosis in murine obstructive
        nephropathy. However, it is not known whether CCR 1 blockade is
        protective in progressive renal injury associated with severe
        proteinuria. We therefore studied the effect of the small-molecule CCR1
        antagonist BX471 in a murine model of adriamycin-induced focal segmental
        glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) with nephrotic syndrome and progressive
        interstitial inflammation and fibrosis. Adriamycin nephropathy with
        persistent proteinuria was induced in male BALB/c mice by two
        intravenous injections of adriamycin (13 mg/kg) at day 0 and 14. BX471
        treatment was started at day 14 when proteinuria and interstitial
        inflammation had developed. At 6 weeks, renal histology was studied by
        morphometry and immunohistochemistry. At week 6, adriamycin-treated mice
        showed FSGS, associated with tubulointerstitial injury consisting of
        tubular dilation and atrophy, interstitial leukocyte infiltration, and
        fibrosis. The mRNA expression of CCR1 and CC chemokines, including the
        CCR1 ligands CCL3 (MIP-1alpha) and CCL5 (RANTES), was up-regulated in
        diseased kidneys, with a prominent interstitial expression of CCL5.
        Compared to vehicle-treated controls BX471 significantly reduced the
        amount of macrophages and T lymphocytes in interstitial lesions by 51%
        and 22%, respectively. Markers of renal fibrosis such as interstitial
        fibroblasts (48%) and interstitial volume (23%) were significantly
        reduced by BX471 treatment. In contrast, the extent of proteinuria and
        glomerular sclerosis was not affected by BX471 treatment.
      - >-
        Selenium is an essential mineral for immunological function, performing
        crucial functions at the cellular level. This micronutrient has been
        determined to be frequently deficient in HIV infected patients, with
        correlations between reduced immunological function and greater
        susceptibility to opportunistic infections. Our aim was to evaluate the
        influence of time of exposure to antiretroviral therapy (ART) on the
        biochemical profile of selenium in HIV-infected patients. We performed a
        cross-sectional study on 50 HIV-positive men with different
        quantitations of viral load and CD4+ T cells, who were either receiving
        or not receiving ART. Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) to
        determine body composition, biochemical analysis of selenium and
        albumin, anthropometric measurements were performed. The subjects were
        divided into groups according to the use of ART or not: The Control
        Group (CG) was 10 treatment-naïve volunteers, Group G < 2 was 20
        volunteers on ART for less than 2 years, and Group G > 2 was 20
        volunteers on ART for >2 years. The body mass index showed that all
        subjects were of normal weight. The group with a longer time of exposure
        to ART (G > 2) had undetectable viremia and a higher CD4+ T cell count:
        593.1 ± 234.6 mm(3). Selenium values (μg/L) were 55.9 ± 11.9 for CG,
        52.1 ± 10.5 for G < 2, and 66.9 ± 20.8 for G > 2, with a significant
        difference between groups G < 2 and G > 2 (p < 0.05), and only G > 2
        showed normal selenium values.
  - source_sentence: >-
      Does tLR9-Targeted STAT3 Silencing abrogate Immunosuppressive Activity of
      Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells from Prostate Cancer Patients?
    sentences:
      - >-
        To study the blood-brain barrier integrity in prehepatic portal
        hypertensive rats induced by partial portal vein ligation,at 14 and 40 d
        after ligation when portal pressure is spontaneously normalized. Adult
        male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: Group I: Sham14d , sham
        operated; Group II: PH14d , portal vein stenosis; (both groups were used
        14 d after surgery); Group III: Sham40d, Sham operated and Group IV:
        PH40d Portal vein stenosis (Groups II and IV used 40 d after surgery).
        Plasma ammonia,plasma and cerebrospinal fluid protein and liver enzymes
        concentrations were determined. Trypan and Evans blue dyes, systemically
        injected,were investigated in hippocampus to study blood-brain barrier
        integrity. Portal pressure was periodically recorded. Forty days after
        stricture, portal pressure was normalized, plasma ammonia was moderately
        high, and both dyes were absent in central nervous system parenchyma.
        All other parameters were reestablished. When portal pressure was
        normalized and ammonia level was lowered, but not normal, the altered
        integrity of blood-brain barrier becomes reestablished.
      - >-
        Recent advances in immunotherapy of advanced human cancers underscored
        the need to address and eliminate tumor immune evasion. The
        myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) are important inhibitors of
        T-cell responses in solid tumors, such as prostate cancers. However,
        targeting MDSCs proved challenging due to their phenotypic
        heterogeneity. Myeloid cell populations were evaluated using flow
        cytometry on blood samples, functional assays, and
        immunohistochemical/immunofluorescent stainings on specimens from
        healthy subjects, localized and metastatic castration-resistant prostate
        cancer patients. Here, we identify a population of
        Lin(-)CD15(HI)CD33(LO) granulocytic MDSCs that accumulate in patients'
        circulation during prostate cancer progression from localized to
        metastatic disease. The prostate cancer-associated MDSCs potently
        inhibit autologous CD8(+) T cells' proliferation and production of IFNγ
        and granzyme-B. The circulating MDSCs have high levels of activated
        STAT3, which is a central immune checkpoint regulator. The granulocytic
        pSTAT3(+) cells are also detectable in patients' prostate tissues. We
        previously generated an original strategy to silence genes specifically
        in Toll-like Receptor-9 (TLR9) positive myeloid cells using CpG-siRNA
        conjugates. We demonstrate that human granulocytic MDSCs express TLR9
        and rapidly internalize naked CpG-STAT3siRNA, thereby silencing STAT3
        expression. STAT3 blocking abrogates immunosuppressive effects of
        patients-derived MDSCs on effector CD8(+) T cells. These effects
        depended on reduced expression and enzymatic activity of Arginase-1, a
        downstream STAT3 target gene and a potent T-cell inhibitor.
      - >-
        The pH at the surface of healthy human skin is around 5. Cleansing the
        skin with soap increases the pH of the skin, which then returns to a
        more acidic pH within a few hours. However, the effects of skin
        cleansing with soap over a long time on the pH regulatory system is
        still unclear. We compared the pH of the skin between users of a
        soap-based cleanser and of a mild-acidic cleanser prior to and following
        the cleansing. This study had two groups of subjects, one group who had
        used a soap-based cleanser for more than 5 years and the other group who
        had used a mild-acidic cleanser for more than 5 years. The pH on the
        inner forearm of each subject was measured prior to and for 6 h after
        cleansing with a soap bar. There were no differences between the pH of
        the skin these two groups prior to cleansing, immediately after
        cleansing or in the pH recovery rate for 6 h.
  - source_sentence: >-
      Do obese patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis have a higher 90-day
      mortality risk with bilateral lung transplantation?
    sentences:
      - >-
        Obese patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) have higher
        90-day mortality after lung transplantation. We sought to determine
        whether body mass index (BMI) differentially modified the effect of
        transplant procedure type on 90-day mortality in IPF patients. We
        analyzed data from the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network
        (OPTN) for all patients with IPF who were transplanted between 2000 and
        2010. Post-transplant survival was examined using Kaplan-Meier
        estimates. Multivariable logistic regression modeling was used to
        determine the difference in 90-day survival. The primary variable of
        interest was the interaction term between body mass index (BMI) and
        transplant type. A total of 3,389 (58% single-lung transplant [SLT] and
        42% bilateral lung transplant [BLT]) subjects were included.
        Multivariable logistic regression modeling demonstrated a statistically
        significant interaction between BMI and transplant type (p = 0.047).
        Patients with a BMI > 30 kg/m(2) who received a BLT are 1.71 times (95%
        CI [1.03 to 2.85], p = 0.038) more likely to die within 90 days than BLT
        recipients with a BMI of 18.5 to 30 kg/m(2).
      - >-
        Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors reduce colon cancer risk by mechanisms that
        are not fully understood. We performed microarray analysis of adenomas
        from Apc(Delta14/+) mice to identify genes that respond to these drugs.
        Apc(Delta14/+) mice were given a single daily injection of parecoxib for
        up to 9 weeks; intestinal tracts of these and control mice were analyzed
        by microarray analysis, immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, and
        quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Findings were further
        assessed using Apc(lox/lox)vil-CreER(T2) mice, the CT26 cancer cell
        line, and human colon tumor samples. Microarray analysis revealed that
        osteopontin, a marker of colon cancer progression, was down-regulated in
        polyps from Apc(Delta14/+) mice given parecoxib compared with controls.
        Apc(Delta14/+) mice given parecoxib had longer survival times and
        reduced polyp burdens. Osteopontin was quickly down-regulated by
        parecoxib in intestinal polyps from Apc(Delta14/+) mice, and 2
        components of the osteopontin regulatory network-the orphan nuclear
        receptor NR4A2 and Wnt/beta-catenin signaling-were sequentially
        repressed. NR4A2 activated the osteopontin promoter in CT26 cells; this
        effect was blocked by mutation of the NR4A2 binding response element,
        cotransfection of a dominant-negative form of NR4A2, and small
        inhibitory RNA against NR4A2. NR4A2 levels were increased throughout
        tumor progression in Apc(Delta14/+) mice but, unlike osteopontin, did
        not correlate with tumor stage. NR4A2 levels were reduced in adenomas
        from patients treated with rofecoxib.
      - >-
        Evidence shows involvement of the cerebral cortex in the pathophysiology
        of cluster headache (CH). Here we investigated cortical excitability in
        episodic CH patients by using transcranial magnetic stimulation. In 25
        patients with episodic CH and 13 healthy subjects we evaluated the motor
        cortical response to single-pulse (ie, motor threshold, input-output
        curves, cortical silent period) and paired-pulse (ie, intracortical
        facilitation, short intracortical inhibition) transcranial magnetic
        stimulation in both hemispheres. Thirteen patients were evaluated
        outside bout and the remaining 12 patients inside bout. Our results
        showed increased slope of the input-output curves after stimulation of
        both hemispheres in patients outside bout and in the hemisphere
        contralateral to the headache side in patients inside bout. Increased
        intracortical facilitation was observed in the hemisphere ipsilateral to
        the headache side in patients evaluated both outside and inside bout;
        reduced short intracortical inhibition was observed in patients inside
        bout ipsilateral to the side of pain. In conclusion, we provide evidence
        of increased cortical excitability in episodic CH both outside and
        inside bout, especially in the hemisphere ipsilateral to the side of
        headache attacks. Our results suggest that an abnormal regulation of
        cortical excitability could be involved in the pathophysiology of CH.
  - source_sentence: Is [ Diaphragmatic response influenced by previous muscle activity ]?
    sentences:
      - >-
        The atherosclerotic process progresses more dynamically in hemodialysis
        (HD) patients than in the general population. In HD patients, lower
        magnesium levels were reported to be associated with increased
        atherosclerosis of the common carotid artery. We tested the hypotheses
        that magnesium supplementation helps to improve carotid intima media
        thickness (IMT) in HD patients. A total of 47 patients on HD were
        included in the study. Patients were randomly divided into two groups:
        group A (Mg group), in which patients were given magnesium citrate
        orally at a dosage of 610 mg every other day for 2 months and group B
        (control group), in which patients received only calcium acetate therapy
        as a phosphate binder. At baseline and 2 months later, all patients
        underwent a carotid artery ultrasound scan to measure carotid IMT. At
        the end of 2 months, mean serum calcium, phosphorus, and calcium x
        phosphorus product were not changed in both groups. As expected, mean
        serum Mg level significantly increased in the Mg group at the end of 2
        months. In addition, serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) level significantly
        decreased in the Mg group at the end of 2 months (P = 0.003). Baseline
        carotid IMT was similar between the groups. Bilateral carotid IMT was
        significantly improved in patients treated with magnesium citrate
        compared to initial values (P = 0.001 for left, P = 0.002 for right).
      - >-
        Recent studies have revealed aquaporins (AQPs) as targets for novel
        anti-tumor therapy since they are likely to play a role in
        carcinogenesis, tumor progression and invasion. Accordingly, we analyzed
        the prognostic impact of AQP3 expression and polymorphisms in a number
        of patients with early breast cancer (EBC). AQP3 expression was
        investigated on the basis of the immunohistochemistry of tissue
        microarray specimens from 447 EBC patients who underwent surgery between
        2003 and 2008. We scored the staining intensity (0 through 3) and
        percentage of positive tumor cells (0 through 4); the staining score was
        defined as sum of these scores used to categorize the AQP3 expression as
        negative (0 through 2), weak (3 through 5) or strong (6 or more). For
        AQP3 polymorphisms, seven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)
        (rs10813981, rs34391490, rs2228332, rs2227285, rs591810, rs17553719 and
        rs3860987) were selected using in silico analysis and genotyped using
        the Sequenom MassARRAY. A total of 180 (40.3%) patients were identified
        as AQP3-positive (staining score >2), including 86 (19.2%) cases of
        strong expression (stating score >5). In a univariate analysis, AQP3
        expression was significantly associated with survival for the patients
        with HER2-over-expressing EBC. Moreover, a multivariate survival
        analysis revealed that AQP3 expression was an independent prognostic
        marker of disease-free survival (DFS): hazard ratio (HR)=3.137, 95%
        confidence interval (CI)=1.079-9.125, p=0.036; distant DFS (DDFS):
        HR=2.784, 95%CI=0.921-8.414, p=0.070, for the HER2-over-expressing EBC
        patients. Meanwhile, none of selected AQP3 polymorphisms were related to
        AQP3 expression in tumor tissue or survival in the current study.
      - >-
        Previous muscle activity can alter muscle contractility and lead to
        strength underestimation or overestimation in functional measurements.
        The objective of this study was to evaluate changes in the maximum
        pressure produced by the diaphragm after different series of spontaneous
        near-to-maximal isometric contractions. Duplicate studies were performed
        on 6 dogs with a mean (SD) weight of 26 (7) kg. The supramaximal
        response of the diaphragm was achieved by simultaneous supramaximal
        stimulation of both phrenic nerves, both under basal conditions and
        after series of 5, 10, and 20 spontaneous inspiratory efforts against
        the occluded airway, performed before and after spinal anesthesia (which
        eliminates the ventilatory contribution of the intercostal muscles). The
        response was measured using the twitch gastric pressure (Pga) and twitch
        esophageal pressure (Pes) and by muscle shortening (sonomicrometry). The
        short series of 5 inspiratory efforts and, in particular, the medium
        series of 10 efforts produced potentiation of the contractile response,
        with a rise in the Pga from 3.2 (0.4) cm H(2)O to 3.7 (0.3) cm H(2)O,
        and from 3.5 (0.3) cm H(2)O to 3.9 (0.3) cm H(2)O, respectively (P=.05
        in both cases). The potentiation was somewhat greater after subarachnoid
        anesthesia (an increase in the Pga of 21% after the medium series of 10
        efforts with anesthesia vs 11% without anesthesia). However, the long
        series of 20 efforts produced a fall in the response, with a decrease in
        the Pga from 3.2 (0.4) cm H(2)O to 2.5 (0.3) cm H(2)O (P< .05), probably
        due to fatigue overcoming the effect of potentiation.
pipeline_tag: sentence-similarity
library_name: sentence-transformers
metrics:
  - cosine_accuracy
model-index:
  - name: SentenceTransformer based on sentence-transformers/all-distilroberta-v1
    results:
      - task:
          type: triplet
          name: Triplet
        dataset:
          name: ai pubmbed validation
          type: ai-pubmbed-validation
        metrics:
          - type: cosine_accuracy
            value: 1
            name: Cosine Accuracy

SentenceTransformer based on sentence-transformers/all-distilroberta-v1

This is a sentence-transformers model finetuned from sentence-transformers/all-distilroberta-v1. It maps sentences & paragraphs to a 768-dimensional dense vector space and can be used for semantic textual similarity, semantic search, paraphrase mining, text classification, clustering, and more.

Model Details

Model Description

Model Type: Sentence Transformer
Base model: sentence-transformers/all-distilroberta-v1
Maximum Sequence Length: 512 tokens
Output Dimensionality: 768 dimensions
Similarity Function: Cosine Similarity

Model Sources

Documentation: Sentence Transformers Documentation
Repository: Sentence Transformers on GitHub
Hugging Face: Sentence Transformers on Hugging Face

Full Model Architecture

SentenceTransformer(
  (0): Transformer({'max_seq_length': 512, 'do_lower_case': False}) with Transformer model: RobertaModel 
  (1): Pooling({'word_embedding_dimension': 768, 'pooling_mode_cls_token': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_tokens': True, 'pooling_mode_max_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_sqrt_len_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_weightedmean_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_lasttoken': False, 'include_prompt': True})
  (2): Normalize()
)

Usage

Direct Usage (Sentence Transformers)

First install the Sentence Transformers library:

pip install -U sentence-transformers

Then you can load this model and run inference.

from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer

# Download from the 🤗 Hub
model = SentenceTransformer("distilroberta-pubmed-embeddings")
# Run inference
sentences = [
    'Is [ Diaphragmatic response influenced by previous muscle activity ]?',
    'Previous muscle activity can alter muscle contractility and lead to strength underestimation or overestimation in functional measurements. The objective of this study was to evaluate changes in the maximum pressure produced by the diaphragm after different series of spontaneous near-to-maximal isometric contractions. Duplicate studies were performed on 6 dogs with a mean (SD) weight of 26 (7) kg. The supramaximal response of the diaphragm was achieved by simultaneous supramaximal stimulation of both phrenic nerves, both under basal conditions and after series of 5, 10, and 20 spontaneous inspiratory efforts against the occluded airway, performed before and after spinal anesthesia (which eliminates the ventilatory contribution of the intercostal muscles). The response was measured using the twitch gastric pressure (Pga) and twitch esophageal pressure (Pes) and by muscle shortening (sonomicrometry). The short series of 5 inspiratory efforts and, in particular, the medium series of 10 efforts produced potentiation of the contractile response, with a rise in the Pga from 3.2 (0.4) cm H(2)O to 3.7 (0.3) cm H(2)O, and from 3.5 (0.3) cm H(2)O to 3.9 (0.3) cm H(2)O, respectively (P=.05 in both cases). The potentiation was somewhat greater after subarachnoid anesthesia (an increase in the Pga of 21% after the medium series of 10 efforts with anesthesia vs 11% without anesthesia). However, the long series of 20 efforts produced a fall in the response, with a decrease in the Pga from 3.2 (0.4) cm H(2)O to 2.5 (0.3) cm H(2)O (P< .05), probably due to fatigue overcoming the effect of potentiation.',
    'Recent studies have revealed aquaporins (AQPs) as targets for novel anti-tumor therapy since they are likely to play a role in carcinogenesis, tumor progression and invasion. Accordingly, we analyzed the prognostic impact of AQP3 expression and polymorphisms in a number of patients with early breast cancer (EBC). AQP3 expression was investigated on the basis of the immunohistochemistry of tissue microarray specimens from 447 EBC patients who underwent surgery between 2003 and 2008. We scored the staining intensity (0 through 3) and percentage of positive tumor cells (0 through 4); the staining score was defined as sum of these scores used to categorize the AQP3 expression as negative (0 through 2), weak (3 through 5) or strong (6 or more). For AQP3 polymorphisms, seven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs10813981, rs34391490, rs2228332, rs2227285, rs591810, rs17553719 and rs3860987) were selected using in silico analysis and genotyped using the Sequenom MassARRAY. A total of 180 (40.3%) patients were identified as AQP3-positive (staining score >2), including 86 (19.2%) cases of strong expression (stating score >5). In a univariate analysis, AQP3 expression was significantly associated with survival for the patients with HER2-over-expressing EBC. Moreover, a multivariate survival analysis revealed that AQP3 expression was an independent prognostic marker of disease-free survival (DFS): hazard ratio (HR)=3.137, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.079-9.125, p=0.036; distant DFS (DDFS): HR=2.784, 95%CI=0.921-8.414, p=0.070, for the HER2-over-expressing EBC patients. Meanwhile, none of selected AQP3 polymorphisms were related to AQP3 expression in tumor tissue or survival in the current study.',
]
embeddings = model.encode(sentences)
print(embeddings.shape)
# [3, 768]

# Get the similarity scores for the embeddings
similarities = model.similarity(embeddings, embeddings)
print(similarities.shape)
# [3, 3]

Evaluation

Metrics

Triplet

Dataset: ai-pubmbed-validation
Evaluated with TripletEvaluator

Metric	Value
cosine_accuracy	1.0

Training Details

Training Dataset

Unnamed Dataset

Size: 1,000 training samples
Columns: instruction, context, and context_neg

Approximate statistics based on the first 1000 samples:

	instruction	context	context_neg
type	string	string	string
details	min: 11 tokens mean: 26.36 tokens max: 67 tokens	min: 31 tokens mean: 320.03 tokens max: 512 tokens	min: 82 tokens mean: 321.22 tokens max: 512 tokens

Samples:

instruction	context	context_neg
`Do competency assessment of primary care physicians as part of a peer review program?`	To design and test a program that assesses clinical competence as a second stage in a peer review process and to determine the program's reliability. A three-cohort study of Ontario primary care physicians. Reference physicians (n = 26) randomly drawn from the Hamilton, Ontario, area; volunteer, self-referred physicians (n = 20); and physicians referred by the licensing body (n = 37) as a result of a disciplinary hearing or peer review. Standardized patients, structured oral examinations, chart-stimulated recall, objective structured clinical examination, and multiple-choice examination. Test reliability was high, ranging from 0.73 to 0.91, and all tests discriminated among subgroups. Demographic variables relating to the final category were age, Canadian or foreign graduates, and whether or not participants were certified in family medicine.	Static stretch is frequently observed in the lung. Both static stretch and cyclic stretch can induce cell death and Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase trafficking, but stretch-induced alveolar epithelial cell (AEC) functions are much less responsive to static than to cyclic stretch. AEC remodeling under static stretch may be partly explained. The aim of this study was to explore the AEC remodeling and functional changes under static stretch conditions. We used A549 cells as a model of AEC type II cells. We assessed F-actin content and cell viability by fluorescence staining at various static-stretch magnitudes and time points. Specifically, we used scanning electron microscopy to explore the possible biological mechanisms used by A549 cells to 'escape' static-stretch-induced injury. Finally, we measured choline cytidylyltransferase-alpha (CCT alpha) mRNA and protein by real-time PCR and Western blot to evaluate cellular secretory function. The results showed that the magnitude of static stretch was the...
`Is age an important determinant of the growth hormone response to sprint exercise in non-obese young men?`	The factors that regulate the growth hormone (GH) response to physiological stimuli, such as exercise, are not fully understood. The aim of the present study is to determine whether age, body composition, measures of sprint performance or the metabolic response to a sprint are predictors of the GH response to sprint exercise in non-obese young men. Twenty-seven healthy, non-obese males aged 18-32 years performed an all-out 30-second sprint on a cycle ergometer. Univariate linear regression analysis was employed to evaluate age-, BMI-, performance- and metabolic-dependent changes from pre-exercise to peak GH and integrated GH for 60 min after the sprint. GH was elevated following the sprint (change in GH: 17.0 +/- 14.2 microg l(-1); integrated GH: 662 +/- 582 min microg l(-1)). Performance characteristics, the metabolic response to exercise and BMI were not significant predictors of the GH response to exercise. However, age emerged as a significant predictor of both integrated GH (beta ...	We have previously reported the crucial roles of oncogenic Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) in inhibiting apoptosis and disrupting cell polarity via the regulation of phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) expression in human colorectal cancer HCT116 cells in three-dimensional cultures (3DC). Herein we evaluated the effects of resveratrol, a PDE4 inhibitor, on the luminal cavity formation and the induction of apoptosis in HCT116 cells. Apoptosis was detected by immunofluorescence using confocal laser scanning microscopy with an antibody against cleaved caspase-3 in HCT116 cells treated with or without resveratrol in a two-dimensional culture (2DC) or 3DC. Resveratrol did not induce apoptosis of HCT116 cells in 2DC, whereas the number of apoptotic HCT116 cells increased after resveratrol treatment in 3DC, leading to formation of a luminal cavity.
`Is terlipressin more effective in decreasing variceal pressure than portal pressure in cirrhotic patients?`	Terlipressin decreases portal pressure. However, its effects on variceal pressure have been poorly investigated. This study investigated the variceal, splanchnic and systemic hemodynamic effects of terlipressin. Twenty cirrhotic patients with esophageal varices grade II-III, and portal pressure > or =12 mmHg were studied. Hepatic venous pressure gradient, variceal pressure and systemic hemodynamic parameters were obtained. After baseline measurements, in a double-blind administration, 14 patients received a 2mg/iv injection of terlipressin and six patients received placebo. The same measurements were repeated 60 min later. No demographic or biochemical differences were observed in basal condition between groups. Terlipressin produced significant decreases in intravariceal pressure from 20.9+4.9 to 16.3+/-4.7 mmHg (p<0.01, -21+/- 16%), variceal pressure gradient from 18.9+/-4.8 to 13.5+/-6.0 mmHg (p<0.01, -28+/-27%), estimated variceal wall tension from 78+/-29 to 59+/-31 mmHg x mm (p<0...	Based on the theories of brain reserve and cognitive reserve, we investigated whether larger maximal lifetime brain growth (MLBG) and/or greater lifetime intellectual enrichment protect against cognitive decline over time. Forty patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) underwent baseline and 4.5-year follow-up evaluations of cognitive efficiency (Symbol Digit Modalities Test, Paced Auditory Serial Addition Task) and memory (Selective Reminding Test, Spatial Recall Test). Baseline and follow-up MRIs quantified disease progression: percentage brain volume change (cerebral atrophy), percentage change in T2 lesion volume. MLBG (brain reserve) was estimated with intracranial volume; intellectual enrichment (cognitive reserve) was estimated with vocabulary. We performed repeated-measures analyses of covariance to investigate whether larger MLBG and/or greater intellectual enrichment moderate/attenuate cognitive decline over time, controlling for disease progression. Patients with MS declined in...

Loss: MultipleNegativesRankingLoss with these parameters:

{
    "scale": 20.0,
    "similarity_fct": "cos_sim"
}

Evaluation Dataset

Unnamed Dataset

Size: 1,000 evaluation samples
Columns: instruction, context, and context_neg

Approximate statistics based on the first 1000 samples:

	instruction	context	context_neg
type	string	string	string
details	min: 9 tokens mean: 26.16 tokens max: 65 tokens	min: 16 tokens mean: 318.79 tokens max: 512 tokens	min: 69 tokens mean: 319.13 tokens max: 512 tokens

Samples:

instruction	context	context_neg
`Do [ The Relationship Between the Damages of Hand Functions and the Type of Cerebral Palsy in Children ]?`	To investigate the relationship between the damages of hand functions and the type of cerebral palsy (CP) in children with CP. A total of 280 children aged 4-12 years old with CP in the 20 districts of Chengdu were included. The damages of hand functions were assessed with the Chinese Version of Manual Ability Classification System (MACS) and its relationship with the type of CP were analyzed. Among the 280 investigated children, there were 195 chidren with spastic CP, which accounted for the largest proportion (69.64%), wherein the spastic diplegia was most common (56.41%). The classification of MACS was level I-II in 65.13% children with spastic CP, whereas the classification of MACS was level IU-V in 84. 44% and 80.95% children with mixed and dyskinetic CP, respectively. With the increase of the degree of cognitive dysfunction in children with CP, the level of MACS was also increased. There was a difference between the classification of MACS and the different type of CP (P<0.05). Th...	One-third of estrogen (ER+) and/or progesterone receptor-positive (PGR+) breast tumors treated with Tamoxifen (TAM) do not respond to initial treatment, and the remaining 70% are at risk to relapse in the future. Estrogen-related receptor gamma (ESRRG, ERRγ) is an orphan nuclear receptor with broad, structural similarities to classical ER that is widely implicated in the transcriptional regulation of energy homeostasis. We have previously demonstrated that ERRγ induces resistance to TAM in ER+ breast cancer models, and that the receptor's transcriptional activity is modified by activation of the ERK/MAPK pathway. We hypothesize that hyper-activation or over-expression of ERRγ induces a pro-survival transcriptional program that impairs the ability of TAM to inhibit the growth of ER+ breast cancer. The goal of the present study is to determine whether ERRγ target genes are associated with reduced distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) in ER+ breast cancer treated with TAM. Raw gene expr...
`Does tissue-Engineered Skin Substitute enhance Wound Healing after Radiation Therapy?`	When given in conjunction with surgery for treating cancer, radiation therapy may result in impaired wound healing, which, in turn, could cause skin ulcers. In this study, bilayer and monolayer autologous skin substitutes were used to treat an irradiated wound. A single dose of 30 Gy of linear electron beam radiation was applied to the hind limb of nude mice before creating the skin lesion (area of 78.6 mm). Monolayer tissue-engineered skin substitutes (MTESSs) were prepared by entrapping cultured keratinocytes in fibrin matrix, and bilayer tissue-engineered skin substitutes (BTESSs) were prepared by entrapping keratinocytes and fibroblasts in separate layers. Bilayer tissue-engineered skin substitute and MTESS were implanted to the wound area. Gross appearance and wound area were analyzed to evaluate wound healing efficiency. Skin regeneration and morphological appearance were observed via histological and electron microscopy. Protein expressions of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-...	The genetic basis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is being analyzed in multiple whole genome association studies (WGAS). The GAB2 gene has been proposed as a modifying factor of APOE epsilon 4 allele in a recent case-control WGAS conducted in the US. Given the potential application of these novel results in AD diagnostics, we decided to make an independent replication to examine the GAB2 gene effect in our series. We are conducting a multicenter population-based study of AD in Spain. We analyzed a total of 1116 Spanish individuals. Specifically, 521 AD patients, 475 controls from the general population and 120 neurologically-normal elderly controls (NNE controls). We have genotyped GAB2 (rs2373115 G/T) and APOE rs429358 (SNP112)/rs7412 (SNP158) polymorphisms using real time-PCR technologies. As previously reported in Spain, APOE epsilon 4 allele was strongly associated with AD in our series (OR=2.88 [95% C.I. 2.16- 3.84], p=7.38E-11). Moreover, a large effect for epsilone 4/epsilone 4 geno...
`Does embryonic expression of EphA receptor genes in mice support their candidacy for involvement in cleft lip and palate?`	Eph receptors, comprising the A- and B-subfamilies, are the largest family of receptor tyrosine kinases in the mammalian genome, and their function is critical for morphogenesis in a variety of contexts. Whereas signaling through B-type Ephs has been demonstrated to play a role in cleft lip and palate (CL/P), the involvement of A-type Ephs has not been examined in this context notwithstanding a recent genome-wide association study that identified the EPHA3 locus as a candidate for non-syndromic CL/P. Here, we present a systematic analysis of the gene expression patterns for the nine EphA receptors at progressive stages of mouse development and find that EphA3, EphA4, and EphA7 exhibit restricted overlapping patterns of expression during palate development. We find that homozygous mutation of EphA3 or compound homozygous mutation of EphA3 and EphA4 in mice does not result in defective midfacial development, supporting the possibility of redundant function with EphA7. We also document pr...	Physical therapists and occupational therapists practicing in acute care hospitals play a crucial role in discharge planning. A standardized assessment of patients' function could be useful for discharge recommendations. The study objective was to determine the accuracy of "6-Clicks" basic mobility and daily activity measures for predicting discharge from an acute care hospital to a home or institutional setting. The study was retrospective and observational. "6-Clicks" scores obtained at initial visits by physical therapists or occupational therapists and patients' discharge destinations were used to develop and validate receiver operating characteristic curves for predicting discharge destination. Positive predictive values (PPV), negative predictive values (NPV), and likelihood ratios were calculated. Areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves for basic mobility scores were 0.857 (95% confidence interval [CI]=0.852, 0.862) and 0.855 (95% CI=0.850, 0.860) in development...

Loss: MultipleNegativesRankingLoss with these parameters:

{
    "scale": 20.0,
    "similarity_fct": "cos_sim"
}

Training Hyperparameters

Non-Default Hyperparameters

eval_strategy: steps
per_device_train_batch_size: 16
per_device_eval_batch_size: 16
learning_rate: 2e-05
num_train_epochs: 1
warmup_ratio: 0.1
batch_sampler: no_duplicates

All Hyperparameters

Click to expand

overwrite_output_dir: False
do_predict: False
eval_strategy: steps
prediction_loss_only: True
per_device_train_batch_size: 16
per_device_eval_batch_size: 16
per_gpu_train_batch_size: None
per_gpu_eval_batch_size: None
gradient_accumulation_steps: 1
eval_accumulation_steps: None
torch_empty_cache_steps: None
learning_rate: 2e-05
weight_decay: 0.0
adam_beta1: 0.9
adam_beta2: 0.999
adam_epsilon: 1e-08
max_grad_norm: 1.0
num_train_epochs: 1
max_steps: -1
lr_scheduler_type: linear
lr_scheduler_kwargs: {}
warmup_ratio: 0.1
warmup_steps: 0
log_level: passive
log_level_replica: warning
log_on_each_node: True
logging_nan_inf_filter: True
save_safetensors: True
save_on_each_node: False
save_only_model: False
restore_callback_states_from_checkpoint: False
no_cuda: False
use_cpu: False
use_mps_device: False
seed: 42
data_seed: None
jit_mode_eval: False
use_ipex: False
bf16: False
fp16: False
fp16_opt_level: O1
half_precision_backend: auto
bf16_full_eval: False
fp16_full_eval: False
tf32: None
local_rank: 0
ddp_backend: None
tpu_num_cores: None
tpu_metrics_debug: False
debug: []
dataloader_drop_last: False
dataloader_num_workers: 0
dataloader_prefetch_factor: None
past_index: -1
disable_tqdm: False
remove_unused_columns: True
label_names: None
load_best_model_at_end: False
ignore_data_skip: False
fsdp: []
fsdp_min_num_params: 0
fsdp_config: {'min_num_params': 0, 'xla': False, 'xla_fsdp_v2': False, 'xla_fsdp_grad_ckpt': False}
fsdp_transformer_layer_cls_to_wrap: None
accelerator_config: {'split_batches': False, 'dispatch_batches': None, 'even_batches': True, 'use_seedable_sampler': True, 'non_blocking': False, 'gradient_accumulation_kwargs': None}
deepspeed: None
label_smoothing_factor: 0.0
optim: adamw_torch
optim_args: None
adafactor: False
group_by_length: False
length_column_name: length
ddp_find_unused_parameters: None
ddp_bucket_cap_mb: None
ddp_broadcast_buffers: False
dataloader_pin_memory: True
dataloader_persistent_workers: False
skip_memory_metrics: True
use_legacy_prediction_loop: False
push_to_hub: False
resume_from_checkpoint: None
hub_model_id: None
hub_strategy: every_save
hub_private_repo: None
hub_always_push: False
gradient_checkpointing: False
gradient_checkpointing_kwargs: None
include_inputs_for_metrics: False
include_for_metrics: []
eval_do_concat_batches: True
fp16_backend: auto
push_to_hub_model_id: None
push_to_hub_organization: None
mp_parameters:
auto_find_batch_size: False
full_determinism: False
torchdynamo: None
ray_scope: last
ddp_timeout: 1800
torch_compile: False
torch_compile_backend: None
torch_compile_mode: None
dispatch_batches: None
split_batches: None
include_tokens_per_second: False
include_num_input_tokens_seen: False
neftune_noise_alpha: None
optim_target_modules: None
batch_eval_metrics: False
eval_on_start: False
use_liger_kernel: False
eval_use_gather_object: False
average_tokens_across_devices: False
prompts: None
batch_sampler: no_duplicates
multi_dataset_batch_sampler: proportional

Training Logs

Epoch	Step	ai-pubmbed-validation_cosine_accuracy
0	0	1.0

Framework Versions

Python: 3.10.12
Sentence Transformers: 3.3.1
Transformers: 4.47.0
PyTorch: 2.5.1+cu121
Accelerate: 1.2.1
Datasets: 3.3.1
Tokenizers: 0.21.0

Citation

BibTeX

Sentence Transformers

@inproceedings{reimers-2019-sentence-bert,
    title = "Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networks",
    author = "Reimers, Nils and Gurevych, Iryna",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing",
    month = "11",
    year = "2019",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.10084",
}

MultipleNegativesRankingLoss

@misc{henderson2017efficient,
    title={Efficient Natural Language Response Suggestion for Smart Reply},
    author={Matthew Henderson and Rami Al-Rfou and Brian Strope and Yun-hsuan Sung and Laszlo Lukacs and Ruiqi Guo and Sanjiv Kumar and Balint Miklos and Ray Kurzweil},
    year={2017},
    eprint={1705.00652},
    archivePrefix={arXiv},
    primaryClass={cs.CL}
}