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-An introduction to first aid
-Imagine: Whilst feeding your child, they start to gag and appear unable to
-breathe. You have tried slapping them on the back, with no success. They seem
-close to losing consciousness, their lips are turning a definite shade of blue.
-People rarely give first aid a thought, until the day they need it. The above
-scenario is the sort of every day occurrence that can so easily lead to tragedy.
-However, with the correct first aid training anyone could, in the short term (until
-the arrival of the emergency services) save a life.
-These notes have been designed to aid you with your first aid training. It is,
-however, not a substitute for hands on training from a professional first aid
-trainer, but a reference for you to look back on when you need to.
-We hope the training you undertake with us will give you the knowledge and
-confidence to, if the worst happens, help keep someone alive.
-The Aims of first aid
-Preserve life
-This doesn’t just refer to the injured party, but yourself and anyone
-helping you. Far too often, a helper will inadvertently put themselves in danger
-and subsequently be another casualty for the emergency services to deal with.
-Please take a moment to assess the situation, and make sure there are no threats
-to you before you step in.
-Prevent the situation from getting worse
-If you are in no danger yourself, try to stop the situation from becoming
-worse by removing any obvious dangers (such as stopping traffic, clearing
-people away from the casualty, opening a window to clear any fumes, etc.).
-Also, act as quickly as you can to stop the casualty’s condition from worsening.
-Promote recovery
-Your role as a first aider is, after ensuring that the situation can not get
-worse, helping the casualty to recover from their injury or illness, or stop their
-condition from getting worse. If the injury is severe, then the best you can do is
-try to keep them alive until the emergency services arrive.
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-The priorities of treatment
-This is the course of action you should try to follow, providing the situation
-allows.
-Primary survey (Airway → Breathing):
-A. Make sure the casualty’s airway is clear. Do this by gently tipping their
-head back so that the front of the throat is extended.
-B. Check if they are breathing normally. You can do this by placing the back
-of your hand near their nose and mouth. You are looking for about two breaths
-every ten seconds. If the casualty is breathing, then their heart is working,
-which means blood is being circulated around their body.
-Secondary survey (Breathing → Bleeding → Bones):
-Once you are satisfied that the casualty is breathing normally, the second thing
-to do is make sure to treat any bleeding. This is to stem any blood loss and to
-ensure there is a steady supply of oxygenated blood to the casualty’s vital
-organs. If there is no bleeding, or you have dealt with any cuts, the next priority
-is broken bones.
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