# Keywords

keyword:
  \textbullet  information systems $\rightarrow $ -1information integration.\textbullet  computing methodologies $\rightarrow $ -1natural language generation.


# MediaVersion

created_at: 2024-08-16 18:34:08
prompt:
                                      <s>You are a bulleted notes specialist. [INST]```When creating comprehensive bulleted notes, you should follow these guidelines: Use multiple headings based on the referenced topics, not categories like quotes or terms. Headings should be surrounded by bold formatting and not be listed as bullet points themselves. Leave no space between headings and their corresponding list items underneath. Important terms within the content should be emphasized by setting them in bold font. Any text that ends with a colon should also be bolded. Before submitting your response, review the instructions, and make any corrections necessary to adhered to the specified format. Do not reference these instructions within the notes.``` 
  Based on the content between backticks create comprehensive bulleted notes.[/INST]
                                          **Bulleted Note Creation Guidelines**
                                          
                                          **Headings**:
                                          - Based on referenced topics, not categories like quotes or terms
                                          - Surrounded by **bold** formatting 
                                          - Not listed as bullet points
                                          - No space between headings and list items underneath
                                          
                                          **Emphasis**:
                                          - **Important terms** set in bold font
                                          - **Text ending in a colon**: also bolded
                                          
                                          **Review**:
                                          - Ensure adherence to specified format
                                          - Do not reference these instructions in your response.</s>[INST] {{ .Prompt }} [/INST]
                                      

summary:
  ## **Module 1: File Format Basics**
  - **VBA**: Visual Basic for Applications
  - **OLE**: Object Linking and Embedding
  - **OLE Tools**: Tools for analyzing OLE files
  - **P-Code**: Pseudo-code, intermediary language for VBA
  - **X-Code**: Intermediary language for VBA
  - **VBA Stomping**: Manipulating VBA code to bypass AV detection
  - **Mark of the Web**: Metadata indicating a file was downloaded from the internet
  - **Zone Identifier**: Metadata stream indicating a file's origin
  - **SmartScreen**: Windows security feature that uses Zone Identifier
  - **Compound File**: Container format for Microsoft Office files
  - **Container Format**: File format that can contain other files
  - **OpenXML**: XML-based container format for Microsoft Office files
  - **VBA Project**: Contains VBA code and project information
  - **Project Stream**: Contains project information for VBA editor GUI
  - **VBA Project Stream**: Instructs the VBA engine
  - **Deere Stream**: Contains project layout for the VBA engine
  - **Modules**: Contain the actual code of macros

  ## **Manipulating File Formats**
  - **Project Stream**: Can be manipulated to remove modules from VBA editor inspection
  - **Custom UI Editor**: Allows adding custom UI parts and events to XML-based Office files
  - **Auto-Open Event**: Subroutine executed automatically when a file is opened
  - **Malware Creators**: Use custom UI to bypass auto-open-based detections

  ## **Abusing Ambiguity in Specifications**
  - **Specifications**: Complex and ambiguous, providing opportunities for exploitation
  - **ASCII and Unicode Name Fields**: Pointing to the same module tree, can be abused
  - **Must Be Ignored/Must Not Be Present**: Features often present in file formats, useful for deviation from specs
  - **OLE Tools**: Crash or show unexpected behavior when specs are deviated from

  ## **Lab Exercise: Creating a Malicious Macro**
  - **Goal**: Create a malicious macro that is invisible in the VBA editor, has no auto-open trigger, and is not parsed by OLE VBA and PicoDone
  - **Steps**:
    1. Remove auto-open event from macro
    2. Edit vbadata.xml: Rename subroutine to "auto-open" to create an auto-open event
    3. Edit vbaproject.bin: Remove reference to module 1 from project stream
    4. Mess up the compound file format of vbaproject.bin to crash OLE VBA and PicoDone

  ## **Module 2: Evasion on Dynamic Execution and Breaking Trust**
  - **Mark of the Web (MotW)**: Metadata indicating a file was downloaded from the internet, used by Microsoft Office for security checks
  - **Trusted Locations**: Locations configured in Office where files are trusted and security measures are disabled
  - **Execution Flow**: The process Office follows to check and execute macros:
    1. Check if the file originates from a trusted location
    2. Check if the file is signed by a trusted publisher
    3. Check if the file is a trusted document
  - **Code Execution Flow**: The flow of code execution when a file with macros is opened
  - **Social Engineering**: Convincing users to bypass MotW by copying files from certain locations
  - **Trusted Sites**: Sites configured in Internet Explorer, do not have the MotW flag
  - **XL4 Macros**: Legacy macros in Excel, also known as XLM, built into Excel.exe
  - **P-Code**: Pseudo-code interpreted and executed by the VBA engine
  - **Evil Clippy**: Tool for bypassing antivirus using VBA stomping and P-Code
  - **MD5**: Default hashing algorithm for macro code signing, prone to collisions

  ## **Hijacking Execution Flow of Signed Files**
  - **Assumption**: Obtaining a signed file and using it to perform attacks or lateral movement
  - **Opportunities**: Exploiting how signed files load and execute code from unsigned files
  - **Office File Loading Other Office Files**: Exploiting how Excel loads Word files, bypassing security settings
  - **VBA Code Abusing Cell Contents**: Signed VBA code relying on cell contents, which can be manipulated by attackers
  - **DLL and Declares**: Signed VBA code using external functions from DLLs, can be exploited by loading malicious DLLs
  - **XLL File Loading**: XLL (Excel add-in) loading a malicious DLL, exploiting function forwarding

  ## **Breaking Code Signing**
  - **Content Normalized Data**: Algorithm input for code signing of macros, includes project references and module stream code
  - **Project References**: Type libraries, sensitive and not properly taken into account for code signing
  - **Component Object Model (COM)**: Standard for interface communication between code components
  - **IDISPATCH Interface**: Standardized interface for late binding, used by scripting languages
  - **Early Binding**: Using type libraries to define com interfaces, improving performance
  - **Type Libraries**: Microsoft proprietary file format for defining com interfaces, can be embedded or standalone
  - **Newline Injection**: Exploitation of code signing algorithm by removing new line characters before hashing
  - **Network Type Libraries**: Type libraries loaded from network locations, now blocked by default
  - **MD5**: Default hashing algorithm for macro code signing, prone to collisions

  ## **Lateral Movement**
  - **Templates**: Using Word templates with macros on Trusted Locations for lateral movement
  - **Custom UI**: Using custom UI in Excel to reference a workbook from a Trusted Location
  - **Excel 4 Macros**: Legacy macros in Excel, built into Excel.exe and enabled via COM and DECOM
  - **Register XLL**: Method exposed by COM and DECOM for loading XML/DLL files into Excel, useful for lateral movement

  ## **Module 3: Beyond Code Execution**
  - **Fields**: Archaic Word feature for creating wizards and interfaces, useful for social engineering
  - **Protected Word File**: Using fields to create dropdown buttons and other interactive elements
  - **CVEs in Word**: Security vulnerabilities found in how Word parses fields
  - **Power of Python**: Microsoft's announcement of Python support in Excel, allowing formulas to connect to a machine running at Microsoft
  - **Power BI and Excel**: Offering features to manipulate data using M formula language, useful for reconnaissance
  - **Get Data**: Button in Excel for connecting to various data sources, including files, folders, databases, and online services
  - **Power Query M Formula**: Programming-like language for manipulating data in Power BI and Excel
  - **WebService Formula**: Allows making GET and POST requests to URLs from Excel
  - **Active Content**: Warning displayed when a file contains formulas or external data, can be enabled by the user


created_at: 2024-08-26 14:26:36
prompt:
                                      <s>You are a bulleted notes specialist. [INST]```When creating comprehensive bulleted notes, you should follow these guidelines: Use multiple headings based on the referenced topics, not categories like quotes or terms. Headings should be surrounded by bold formatting and not be listed as bullet points themselves. Leave no space between headings and their corresponding list items underneath. Important terms within the content should be emphasized by setting them in bold font. Any text that ends with a colon should also be bolded. Before submitting your response, review the instructions, and make any corrections necessary to adhered to the specified format. Do not reference these instructions within the notes.``` 
  Based on the content between backticks create comprehensive bulleted notes.[/INST]
                                          **Bulleted Note Creation Guidelines**
                                          
                                          **Headings**:
                                          - Based on referenced topics, not categories like quotes or terms
                                          - Surrounded by **bold** formatting 
                                          - Not listed as bullet points
                                          - No space between headings and list items underneath
                                          
                                          **Emphasis**:
                                          - **Important terms** set in bold font
                                          - **Text ending in a colon**: also bolded
                                          
                                          **Review**:
                                          - Ensure adherence to specified format
                                          - Do not reference these instructions in your response.</s>[INST] {{ .Prompt }} [/INST]
                                      

summary:
  **Video Information**
  - **Webpage URL**: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z8gqBTphMJk
  - **Title**: Half in the Bag - Alien: Romulus
  - **Channel URL**: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCrTNhL_yO3tPTdQ5XgmmWjA
  - **Channel**: RedLetterMedia
  - **Uploader**: RedLetterMedia
  - **Duration**: 1829 seconds
  - **Upload Date**: 20240817

  **Description Highlights**
  - **Key Elements**: Aliens, Facehuggers, The Nostromo, Weyland Yutani, The Engineers, black goo, MU/TH/ER, Reebok shoes, CGI deepfake dead actor deepfakes, Evil android that's loyal to the company, People in Alien Queen wall cocoons, Protagonist getting into underwear then having to get into space suit, Opening hole in the ship to shoot the alien out of the ship.
  - **Quotes**: "Get away from her, you b*tch!", "Every day is an endless nightmare."

  **Film Discussion**
  - **Opening Comments**: 
    - The film is part of the Alien franchise and brings back familiar elements.
    - Initial excitement turned to disappointment as the film progressed.
  - **Director**: Fede Alvarez
  - **Initial Impressions**:
    - Started off strong with good aesthetics and a promising setup.
    - Set on a Weyland-Yutani mining planet, 20 years after **Alien**.
    - Focus on the struggle of miners living in poor conditions.
  - **Main Characters**:
    - **Rain**: Protagonist
    - **Andy**: Android buddy, standout performance, switches between good and bad android roles.
    - **Supporting Characters**: Mostly one-dimensional, serve as alien fodder.

  **Plot and Themes**
  - **Main Plot**:
    - Miners on a Weyland-Yutani planet face harsh living conditions.
    - Rain wants to escape to a better planet but is under contract with Weyland-Yutani.
    - A plan to steal cryopods and escape leads to conflict and alien encounters.
  - **Key Scenes**:
    - Facehugger sequence
    - Android Andy's transformation
    - CGI deepfake of Ian Holm as Ash
  - **Callbacks and References**:
    - Numerous callbacks to previous Alien films.
    - Iconic lines and scenes recreated without context, e.g., "Get away from her, you bitch."
    - Visual and thematic references to Alien, Aliens, Prometheus, Alien Covenant, and Alien Resurrection.

  **Critique**
  - **Positive Aspects**:
    - Strong first 30 minutes
    - Effective horror elements and set design
    - Good performances, especially by the actor playing Andy
  - **Negative Aspects**:
    - Over-reliance on fan service and callbacks
    - CGI deepfake was distracting
    - Film became a pastiche of previous Alien movies
    - Felt like a fan film or AI-generated script
    - Overly long and exhausting to watch

  **Overall Assessment**
  - **Conclusion**:
    - Mixed feelings due to strong start but disappointing execution.
    - Prefer Ridley Scott’s Prometheus and Alien Covenant for their originality.
    - Film felt like it was heavily influenced by studio notes and lacked a distinct directorial voice.


created_at: 2024-08-26 22:53:38
prompt:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 1955 characters]

summary:
  ## Building Our Nemesis
  - A webinar about the release of Nemesis 1.0, an offensive-focused data enrichment pipeline.

  ## Introduction
  - **Lee Chigoye-Christensen** (Tifkin): Researcher at SpecterOps with a background in penetration testing, red teaming, and application security. Co-developer of the ADCS research.
  - **Max**: AdSim consultant at SpecterOps with expertise in software engineering and Kubernetes. Author of tools like Satellite, Jot3 Transport, and GoFish Notifier.
  - **Will Schroeder** (Harmjoy): Researcher at SpecterOps with experience in red teaming, training, and tool development. Co-developer of PowerShell Empire, PowerSploit, Bloodhound, and Ghostpack. Co-author of the ADCS research.

  ## Red Team Challenges and Data Analysis
  - File triage and system analysis are time-consuming and inefficient, often involving multiple tools and VMs.
  - Tradecraft is difficult to scale across a large team with varying skill sets.
  - Data from different C2 frameworks is siloed, making it challenging to model and analyze the target network.
  - Tedious and inconsistent analysis due to the volume of data and human factors.
  - Temporal aspects: the relevance of data may change over time, making it important to have a centralized and searchable data store.

  ## Nemesis' Vision and Architecture
  - **Nemesis' Vision**: A centralized data processing platform that ingests, enriches, and performs analytics on offensive security assessment data.
  - **Architecture**: Data flows from C2 platforms to the Nemesis Web API, then to a message queuing system (RabbitMQ). Analysis components process the data and send it back to the queue, which then feeds into data sinks (Elasticsearch and Postgres). Operators can view the data through the Nemesis dashboard or Kibana.
  - **Tool Integrations**: Nemesis supports connectors for major C2 platforms (Cobalt Strike, Mythic, Metasploit, OST Stage 1, Sliver) and other tools (Chrome plugin, BoF for registry collection).

  ## Nemesis 1.0 Features
  - **Host Modeling**: Nemesis solves the problem of uniquely identifying hosts by collapsing data from multiple sources into a single host representation. It handles temporal data, differentiates between local and remote host data, and allows for manual or automatic remapping of hosts.
  - **Streamlined Installation**: Nemesis now uses Helm for configuration and K3s for Kubernetes deployment, making the installation process much simpler and faster. Docker images are published, and documentation is improved and dynamically updated.
  - **Text Search Back End**: Text extraction and indexing for searchable and analyzable documents. This enables semantic and fuzzy text search, as well as NLP-driven features like the Ragnarok LLM-powered chatbot.
  - **Hasura API**: Provides a GraphQL and REST API on top of the Postgres database, allowing for easy data exploration, scripting, and subscriptions for new data.
  - **Dashboard Features and Fixes**: Improved UI, ability to add comments and mark files as triaged, built-in Monaco editor for syntax highlighting, and more.
  - **Improved File Processing and Document Search**: YAR rules are checked for all files, and text extraction and indexing allow for document-by-document and semantic snippet searching.

  ## Benefits and Future Work
  - Automate boring and tedious tasks, freeing up time for more interesting analysis.
  - Offline analysis reduces the footprint of tooling on the host.
  - Analyze relationships between data sources, enabling the discovery of privilege escalation opportunities and other attack paths.
  - Provide feedback and suggestions to operators based on the data model and existing playbooks.
  - Support future research efforts by collecting and modeling data from multiple networks.
  - Evade defensive products by minimizing the footprint and performing analysis offline.

  ## Conclusion
  - Nemesis provides advantages such as updated analysis workflows, retroactive analysis, minimized tooling footprint, and assistance with evasion of defensive products.
  - The team is excited to explore future research directions and improve the platform based on real-world usage.
  - Nemesis will be presented at Black Hat Arsenal, and the team will have a booth at the conference.
  - For questions or more information, reach out on Twitter or join the Nemesis channel in the Bloodhound Slack.


created_at: 2024-08-29 19:18:18
prompt:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 1955 characters]

summary:
  **Opening Remarks at SLEUTHCON 2024:**
  - John Hultquist thanks the audience for their attendance and acknowledges the importance of their work in tracking dangerous individuals.
  - Expresses gratitude towards:
    - The virtual audience, promising them swag.
    - CFP submitters and the CFP board for their high-quality contributions and difficult decisions, respectively.
    - Volunteers for their service.
    - Digital Project Masters, specifically Chris Peterson and his family.
    - Sponsors: Vertex, Rubric, VMRay, Microsoft, Silent Push, and CrowdStrike.
    - His own family for their support.
    - Selena, who assisted with the event's commencement.
  - Apologizes for any technical difficulties and assures a smooth proceeding henceforth.


created_at: 2024-08-29 19:22:41
prompt:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 1955 characters]

summary:
  **Introduction:**
  - Selena Larson, a **senior threat intelligence analyst** at **Proofpoint**, presents at **SLEUTHCON 2024** in **Arlington, VA**.
  - The talk centers on the rise of **e-crime** and its increasing sophistication, posing a significant threat to organizations and critical infrastructure.

  **The Bias Towards APTs:**
  - The **cybersecurity industry's** focus is often biased towards **Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs)** and **state-backed hackers**, while **e-crime** is relatively overlooked.
  - This bias is influenced by the backgrounds of many industry professionals, who come from **government and national security** sectors, bringing their focus on **state-sponsored threats**.
  - However, **e-crime** poses a greater threat to the average organization and can have more direct and severe impacts on people's lives and communities.

  **A Brief History of Cyber Crime:**
  - Early 2000s: Focus on **consumer-facing ransomware** and **malware**.
  - Mid-2000s: Rise of **banking Trojans** (e.g., **Zeus**, **Gozi**), targeting personal and business financial data.
  - 2009: Introduction of **Bitcoin**, facilitating **crypto-based ransomware** and reducing the need for money mules.
  - 2014-2016: Emergence of notorious **botnets** like **Emotet** and **Tridex**, initially as bankers, then pivoting to **ransomware loaders**.
  - 2017: **WannaCry** ransomware attack by a **DPRK Threat Actor**, demonstrating the potential for disruptive ransomware.
  - 2018: Rise of **big game hunting** with **Reuke** as the gold standard.
  - 2019-2020: Introduction of **double extortion**, stealing and leaking data in addition to encryption.
  - 2021: **Colonial Pipeline** ransomware attack brings attention to the threat of ransomware on critical infrastructure.
  - 2022: **Conti leaks** expose the inner workings and relationships within the cybercriminal ecosystem, leading to the creation of new threat actors and shifting alliances.
  - Present: Increased **sophistication** across the landscape, with initial access brokers utilizing **zero-days**, expanding **TTPs**, and targeting **edge network devices**.

  **The Sophistication of E-Crime:**
  - **E-crime** actors, particularly initial access brokers, have resources to test **TTPs** on thousands of targets daily, forcing defenders to constantly adapt.
  - They embrace a "move fast and break things" mentality, with dynamic development cycles, A/B testing, and iterating at scale.
  - **E-crime** has the financial means to develop or acquire **novel exploits**, outpacing some **government or espionage groups**.
  - They exhibit **persistence** by repeatedly targeting the same organizations, adapting their tactics, and leveraging their financial and technical resources to overcome disruptions.

  **The Human Impact of E-Crime:**
  - **Ransomware** attacks have led to hospitals closing, job losses, and disruptions in critical industries like manufacturing and logistics, with a significant economic impact.
  - Schools and educational institutions have also been affected, disrupting children's education.
  - Personal anecdote: The presenter's sister, a healthcare worker, has been impacted by ransomware multiple times, causing stress and frustration in her work and daily life.

  **The Blurring Lines Between E-Crime and APTs:**
  - **E-crime** actors are adopting sophisticated techniques, blurring the lines between criminal and intelligence agency operations.
  - They are using similar **tools and techniques** as **APTs**, and their disruptions can have immediate and significant impacts on both organizations and individuals.
  - By focusing primarily on **APTs**, the industry may have missed opportunities to disrupt **e-crime** and contributed to its strength.

  **Why It Matters:**
  - The **cool factor** associated with **APTs** influences decision-makers and researchers, leading to a bias in attention and resource allocation.
  - Words matter: How we communicate threats shapes how organizations, law enforcement, and defenders prioritize and respond to them.
  - Reframing **APTs** and shifting the focus to risk and impact can help bridge the gap between **e-crime** and **APTs**, ensuring a more balanced approach to cybersecurity threats.


created_at: 2024-08-29 19:28:09
prompt:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 1955 characters]

summary:
  **Introduction:**
  - Presented by **Azim Khodjbaev**, a senior threat intelligence analyst from **Cisco Talos**.
  - The talk centers on a notorious cybercriminal known as **"Dziadka/Dydka"** or **"Uncle"**, and their involvement in various ransomware groups and attacks.

  **Background of "Uncle":**
  - **Native Russian speaker** with strong coding skills, particularly in **Python, C++, and Java**.
  - Started with video games, cheating, and forum discussions, eventually developing obfuscators and encrypting payloads.
  - Self-taught, they refined their skills and ventured into creating info-stealers and then ransomware.
  - Born in the **early 2000s** in **Russia**, with a typical upbringing during a stable political and economic period.
  - Has a **lavish lifestyle** fueled by ransomware earnings, including frequent parties, expensive meals, and recreational drug use, with a preference for **ecstasy**.
  - Claims to have **tricked "Baster Lord" into donating for healthcare** by pretending to have stage four cancer.
  - Accused the presenter of being part of **Conti** and targeted them in a leak.
  - May have been involved in **turning off a hospital's life support system during an attack**.
  - A **tough negotiator** who takes things personally and has a **vindictive nature**.
  - Relies on **psychic tarot readers** for decision-making, influenced by their mother's superstitions.

  **Involvement in Ransomware Groups:**
  - Confirmed involvement in multiple ransomware families: **Conti, Black Matter, Donut, LockBit, Avos, Goga, SunCrypt, and Hive**.
  - Created and ran **Babuk and Monty ransomware**.
  - Collaborated with **"Wazawaka"** and **"Khajiit"** to undermine **Black Matter**.
  - Had a fall-out with **LockBit** over money and ego issues.
  - **Monty was created in April 2023**, based on **Conti's source code**.

  **Babuk and Monty Ransomware:**
  - **Babuk**: Predominantly created by "Uncle," with modifications to encryption algorithms and enhanced obfuscation.
  - Targeted the **DC Metropolitan Police Department**, causing significant disruptions and leading to the leak of Babuk's source code to muddy the waters and avoid attribution.
  - **Monty**: Created after the Conti leaks, with a version modification.

  **Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures (TTPs):**
  - Loves targeting **ESXi hosts and Linux servers**.
  - Focuses on **zero-days and proof-of-concepts for VPN providers and platforms**.
  - Has dedicated usernames for significant attacks, including **Fortnit and SonicWall**.
  - Targets **Cisco** due to its prevalence and known zero-days.
  - Immediately encrypts data upon intrusion and applies pressure on victims through constant contact and social engineering.
  - Targets **municipalities, governments, schools, and hospitals**, knowing the pressure to restore services is high and backups may be lacking.
  - Emphasizes the value of **Personally Identifiable Information (PII)**, especially regarding children and healthcare patients.

  **Relationship with "Wazawaka":**
  - A **hot-and-cold relationship** marked by emotional immaturity, manipulation, and backstabbing.
  - Worked together on various projects, including the creation of a ransomware malware platform forum called **GRAMP**.
  - **"Wazawaka" allegedly locked "Uncle" out of the forum**.
  - **"Uncle" introduced "Wazawaka" to recreational drugs**, particularly ecstasy, to address their body image issues.
  - Plotted to physically harm the presenter, demonstrating their vindictive nature.
  - **"Uncle's" wallet contains approximately $1 million** in Bitcoin and Ethereum, with sophisticated crypto practices, including NFT transactions and swaps.

  **Mitigation and Countermeasures:**
  - Stay vigilant against **zero-day vulnerabilities** and **proof-of-concepts**.
  - Understand their **targeting preferences**, including virtual environments, municipalities, and PII-rich organizations.
  - Strengthen **backup strategies** and **data protection measures** to reduce the impact of potential attacks.
  - **Publish information exposing their untrustworthiness** to sow distrust within the ransomware community.

  **Conclusion:**
  - "Uncle" and "Wazawaka" continue to cause disruption and panic in the ransomware ecosystem, with their actions leading to splintering and the rise of new ransomware groups.
  - Law enforcement and private partnerships are expected to grow stronger, with increased budgets and improved interdiction capabilities.
  - Infighting within ransomware groups is anticipated, providing opportunities for further disruption and intelligence gathering.


created_at: 2024-08-29 19:50:14
prompt:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 1955 characters]

summary:
  **Introduction**:
  - Presentation by **Jono Davis**, senior analyst from **PwC's Threat Intelligence Team** at **SleuthCon 2024** in Arlington, VA.
  - Focuses on the unique **tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTPs)** of **ransomware** groups in the **Asia-Pacific** region, with a comparison to Western groups.

  **Asia-Pacific vs. Western Ransomware**:
  - Key differences in ransomware operations between the two regions.
  - Asia-Pacific region exhibits distinct TTPs that set it apart from Western ransomware groups.

  **Case Study 1: White Vellus**:
  - Eastern European threat actor successfully breached an Asian organization.
  - Initial access gained through a **cracked software** called **PTC Creo**, which included malicious files with similarities to later ransomware extensions.
  - Suggests a potential insider threat or a carefully placed trap by the threat actor.
  - Emphasizes the importance of basic security measures like **network segmentation**, **allow/deny lists for websites**, and **Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA)**.

  **Case Study 2: LockBit Builder's Misuse**:
  - Asian-Pacific based actor misused the **LockBit ransomware builder** but did not follow the group's usual TTPs.
  - Actor pretended to be LockBit, demanding payment and providing a leak site, but no data exfiltration occurred.
  - Communication was in **English**, which is an unusual development.
  - Basic security measures like **patching vulnerabilities** and **regular password changes** could have prevented this intrusion.

  **Case Study 3: Black Turtle**:
  - Actors targeted **Veeam servers** first, indicating a potential trend in the region to prioritize rebuilding over paying ransoms.
  - Used a **FortiGate SSL VPN vulnerability** to gain initial access, despite the victim being notified about this vulnerability four years ago.
  - Emphasizes the need for **network segmentation**, **MFA**, and **vulnerability scanning**.

  **WhiteDev173**:
  - An open directory containing a suite of tools, including the **LockBit builder**, was discovered, indicating a potential Asia-Pacific-based actor.
  - Tools mapped to the **MITRE ATT&CK framework** for analysis:
     - **Recon and Initial Access**: Used tools like **web scan logic**, **volmap**, **Xeon**, **XeonDXP** targeting IPs in **Korea**, **Taiwan**, **Iran**, and **mainland China**.
     - **Cobalt Strike**: Actor left an open directory, revealing usernames and passwords, with successful connections from **Hong Kong**.
     - **Privilege Escalation and Defense Evasion**: Custom scripts and tools, some written in **Chinese**, to bypass defenses and gain higher privileges.
     - **Command and Control**: Custom scripts and tools to communicate with C2 servers.

  **Defenses**:
  - Overlap in defenses across case studies:
     - **MFA** on accounts, both local and remote.
     - **User entity-based analytics** to detect abnormal user activities.
     - Extensive **Anti-Virus (AV)** solutions and regular **vulnerability scanning**.

  **Conclusion**:
  - Ransomware in the Asia-Pacific region exhibits unique TTPs and targeting compared to Western groups.
  - Basic security measures and quick wins can prevent or mitigate many of these attacks.
  - The presentation highlights the importance of understanding regional differences in ransomware operations and adapting defenses accordingly.


created_at: 2024-08-29 20:04:15
prompt:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 1955 characters]

summary:
  **Introduction:**
  - Presented by **Zack Allen**, Senior Director of Security Detection Research at **Datadog**.
  - Talk covers:
      - Buzzword bingo on **cloud service providers**
      - How Datadog models **cloud threats** for detection
      - Case studies on:
          - Using the cloud for external attacks
          - Cloud as the primary target

  **Understanding Hyperscalers:**
  - **Hyperscalers** include **AWS**, **Azure**, and **GCP**, according to **Wall Street**.
  - These companies offer **hundreds of services** for developers, creating a **homogenous environment**.
  - **Shared responsibility model**:
      - Cloud providers and users share responsibility for securing different aspects of the environment.
      - This model creates an **information asymmetry**, which cybercriminals exploit.

  **Describing Cloud Service Attacks:**
  - Datadog focuses on answering **where, what, who, and how** questions to precisely describe cloud service attacks.
  - **Where**: Identifying the specific location of the attack within the **cloud, cluster, container, or code**.
  - **What**: Analyzing **data on the wire**, including **control plane** and **data plane** information.
  - **Who**: Determining if the actor is a **bot or human** by baselining identity and access management behavior.
  - **How**: Utilizing **MITRE ATT&CK Cloud** to understand the tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTPs) used in cloud attacks.

  **Case Studies:**
  - **Resource Hijacking Attack**:
      - Threat actor used stolen **AWS keys** to access victim environments and send **SMS-based phishing** messages.
      - Detection opportunity: Spikes in data plane events and associated phishing websites.
      - Initial access: Scanning for **misconfigured code repos** and **environment files** containing access keys.
  - **Developer Targeting**:
      - Compromising popular **Python** and **PHP** packages to shim in malware and steal **AWS access keys**.
      - Detection opportunity: Monitoring package registries (e.g., **PyPI**) for malicious code uploads.
      - Initial access: Phishing kits targeting developers, leveraging compromised packages to gain access.
  - **Cloud as Primary Target**:
      - **Scattered Spider** and **Muddled Libra**: Groups targeting cloud environments for **intellectual property** and **secrets**.
      - **Exfiltration** is a key focus, moving away from double extortion.
      - **Sisense breach**: Exploiting a misconfigured **GitLab server** to access source code and AWS keys, potentially pivoting to customer environments.
      - **Team TNT**: Group targeting cloud-native technologies like **Kubernetes** and **Docker**.
      - Leaked **tooling** and **hands-on keyboard activity** suggest **Hildegard**, the main actor, is still active.

  **Conclusion:**
  - Cloud environments are complex and require a nuanced understanding of the various components for effective security.
  - Threat actors are increasingly targeting the cloud, adapting their TTPs, and focusing on exfiltration.
  - Detection and response strategies must evolve to address these evolving threats.


created_at: 2024-08-29 20:10:35
prompt:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 1955 characters]

summary:
  **Androxgh0st: An Open-Source Malware**
  - Androxgh0st is a **Python-based** **malware** discovered on **GitHub** in **2020**.
  - It parses **web server environment files** for **secrets**, used by **cloud info stealers** like AlienFox, FBot, and Predator.
  - Despite **cybercriminals'** attempts to hide their tools, the **source code** is distributed on **open-source platforms**.

  **Introduction and Overview**
  - Presented by **Alex Delamotte**, a **threat researcher** at **Sentinel Labs**.
  - Delamotte discusses **attribution** in an **open-source malware ecosystem** and explores how **actors** trademark and distribute tools.
  - She also delves into the **balance** between **marketing** and **anonymity** for **actors**.

  **What is Androx Ghost?**
  - Androx Ghost is **Python code** that **scrapes environment and config files** for **secrets**, using **regular expressions**.
  - It targets **web servers** using the **Laravel PHP framework** and has a **comorbidity** with **WordPress**.
  - The earliest reference is from **December 2020**, with **activity** in **2022** and beyond.

  **How is it Used?**
  - Androx Ghost is rolled into **Python tools** and **malware families**, targeting the **cloud**.
  - It performs **credential harvesting** and is used for **spamming attacks** or **selling sensitive information**.
  - It also **locks out** users from their web servers to **hinder incident response** and **establish persistence**.

  **Targeted Technologies**
  - Androx Ghost targets a range of **cloud service providers** and **email services**, with a focus on **spamming**.
  - It also targets some **SMS services** and **content management frameworks** like Drupal and Prestashop.

  **Origins of Androx Ghost**
  - Variable names in the code are often in **Indonesian** or other **regional languages** like **Bahasa** or **Malay**.
  - There is a **nexus** between **cloud tools** and **Indonesia**, with multiple reports of **crypto mining attacks** originating from Indonesian IP addresses.

  **Attributing the Tools**
  - Actors often include a **contact method** and their **handle** or **distribution channel** within the tool.
  - These handles are often **recycled across platforms** and can be found on **Telegram**, **TikTok**, **Twitter**, and **YouTube**.

  **Alien Fox Cloud Info Stealer**
  - Alien Fox is a **multi-purpose cloud attack tool** with a focus on **spamming** and **cryptocurrency wallet takeover**.
  - There are numerous **handles** associated with this tool, and **actors** frequently **cycle through** or **rebrand** them.
  - Handles may be abandoned due to **increased attention** or used for an **exit scam**.
  - The tool is maintained by an actor with the handle **Jaguar**, who advertises on **Telegram** and **Snapchat**.
  - Indicators suggest the actor is based in **Western Africa**, likely **Nigeria**, based on **pop culture references** and **accent analysis**.

  **FBOT: A Multi-Purpose Cloud Attack Tool**
  - FBOT runs on **infrastructure hosted** by the developer, unlike other cloud attack tools that use API calls to identify vulnerable websites.
  - It shares code with the **Legion Info Stealer** and uses a **Lithuanian fashion designer's website** to **validate PayPal accounts**.
  - FBOT is Indonesia-centric, and the known samples contain references to **idevexploit.io**.

  **Who Made FBOT?**
  - The core code contains references to **idevexploit.io**, indicating a possible connection to older malware families.
  - The current maintainer uses the handle **rep** or **callmerep**, with associations to the **Indonesian Darknet Telegram group**.
  - Rep's website is down, but their **GitHub account** indicates they work at **Google**, are based in **Russia**, and identify as a **hacktivist**.

  **Rep's GitHub Connections**
  - A removed commit on GitHub included social handles, including a **Facebook account** created in **2018** but inactive until **December 2022**.
  - The Facebook account is used to market tools, and GitHub references a handle called **Replicant**, linking to an **Indonesia-based high school CTF team**.

  **Who Maintains FBOT?**
  - The handle "call me rep" is associated with a **TikTok account** featuring a young woman with no speaking, only captions.
  - Videos suggest a possible **breakup** or **difficult past**, with references to dark stories and mafia movies.
  - The actor also has a **YouTube channel** used to distribute and advertise their tools, indicating they are likely based in **Indonesia**.

  **Predator: A Cloud Info Stealer with AI and GUI**
  - Predator has integrated **chat GPT-powered user help mode** and multiple unique handles, making attribution challenging.
  - It is related to the **Gray Hat Hackers** Telegram group, adminned by **MR0X01**, who is also referenced in the tool.
  - A **GitHub handle** (L4GTR4) leads to a **Twitter account** with posts about **bug bounty** and a location of **Meknes, Morocco**.

  **Predator Developer**
  - The developer's **profile** and **posts** are in **Arabic**, with a niche language choice of **Moroccan Arabic** in the tool.
  - Their **Twitter account** contains political posts, condemning **Western countries** and supporting **Hamas**.
  - The developer is likely based in **Morocco**, possibly Meknes, and their **sloppy OPSEC** may lead to further identification.

  **Outlook and Conclusion**
  - Cloud tools offer a unique window into the world of cybercriminals due to their open-source nature.
  - Actors are incentivized to **sell their tools** and may have **lower OPSEC standards** compared to other cybercriminals.
  - Most actors are based in **developing countries**, and local law enforcement involvement could impact their operations.
  - Cloud attack tool developers often **burn and rotate channels/handles**, making attribution challenging.
  - A reminder to **document research** and **develop solutions** as the services relied on by threat intelligence professionals are disappearing.


created_at: 2024-08-29 20:12:24
prompt:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 1955 characters]

summary:
  **Arguments Against Banning Ransom Payments:**
  - It will **cause pain** to affected companies.
  - It will **force companies** to make illegal payments.

  **Rebuttal to Arguments:**
  - **Ransomware attacks** already cause significant pain and disruption.
  - Companies **already make illegal payments** to avoid reporting requirements.

  **Precedent for Banning Ransom Payments:**
  - **Italy banned ransom payments** for kidnappings in 1991, claiming success in reducing kidnapping cases.
  - However, **kidnapping cases were already declining** before the ban, calling the impact into question.

  **U.S. State-Level Bans:**
  - **Florida and North Carolina** have banned public entities from paying ransoms.
  - **Reported ransomware attacks** in these states have not shown a significant decrease, indicating limited effectiveness.
  - The assumption that **ransomware actors target specific states** is misleading, as they primarily target weaknesses.
  - **Lack of transparent data** on the effectiveness of these bans makes it difficult to assess their true impact.

  **Why Ban Ransom Payments?**
  - The number of **ransomware attacks** is increasing, and current disruptions may not be enough to curb this trend.
  - Banning payments could **disincentivize threat actors** from entering the ransomware business by reducing profitability.
  - Ransomware is unique in that **threat actors publicly brag about their attacks**, unlike other forms of cybercrime.
  - **Mandatory reporting of ransomware attacks** is proposed as a potential solution, providing better data for analysis.
  - The UK is considering **mandatory reporting** and a licensing regime for payments, a step in the right direction.
  - **Chain Analysis data** suggests a recent decrease in ransom payments, indicating that current efforts are having some impact.
  - An outright ban on ransom payments, while extreme, may be the **least bad option** to address the growing problem of ransomware.

  **Conclusion:**
  The speaker advocates for banning ransom payments, arguing that it could be an effective measure to combat the increasing ransomware threat. While recognizing the potential pain and challenges associated with such a ban, the speaker believes that the current approach is not working, and more drastic action is needed.


created_at: 2024-08-29 20:14:21
prompt:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 1955 characters]

summary:
  **Introduction:**
  - Presenter is a **threat analyst** on the **financial crime team** at **Mandiant**.
  - Topic of discussion: **Cryptors**, a group of malware used by cybercriminals to keep their payloads **undetected**.

  **What is a Crypter?:**
  - A **builder** that takes a **malware payload** as input, modifies it with **obfuscation** and **encryption** mechanisms, and outputs a **cryptid payload**.
  - Cryptid payloads consist of a **stub** and an **embedded payload**.
  - Mandiant tracks these as **droppers**.
  - Focus is on **publicly available cryptors**, not commercially available services.

  **Where to Get a Crypter?:**
  - Available on **underground forums**, with significant longevity compared to other tools/services.
  - Ads for crypters have been found as far back as **2006**.
  - One prominent example, **VIP Crypt**, has been active for **13 years**.

  **Crypter Business Models:**
  - Fall into two main categories: **self-service** and **managed**.
  - In self-service, customers get access to the builder and can encrypt payloads themselves.
  - In managed, the service provider encrypts the customer's malware and sends it back.

  **Pricing Factors:**
  - **Availability of the stub**: Private vs. Public.
  - **Timeframe of subscription**.
  - Inclusion of **premium offers**.

  **Malware Encrypted by Crypters:**
  - Analysis of four major public crypters revealed that over **40%** of encrypted malware samples were **information stealers**.
  - Interestingly, **25%** of the payloads were **ransomware**, mostly from the **Stop ransomware** family (**Deja Vu**).
  - The use of crypters ensures these payloads remain undetected when distributed via **SEO poisoning**.

  **Using Crypters for Analysis:**
  - Identifying whether a crypter is **publicly or privately available** is crucial for **attribution**.
  - Public crypters are advertised on forums and used by various actors, making them less significant for attribution.
  - Private crypters are used by specific threat clusters or groups, suggesting **relationships between actors** and aiding attribution.
  - Mapping crypted payloads to specific advertisements can be challenging but is aided by **publicly available tools** and **research**.

  **Example: Storm Shadow:**
  - A recently discovered **Rust-based credential stealer**.
  - Earliest versions appeared in **May 2023**, mostly using a **publicly available crypter** (**VIP Crypt**, or **Longfall**).
  - In **July 2023**, a brief shift to another public crypter, **MassCrypt** (**Bad Mood**), was observed.
  - In **March 2024**, a transition to a suspected **private crypter**, **DryRotv2**, was detected, along with more **sophisticated distribution techniques**.
  - This suggested a potential partnership between the Storm Shadow actor and actors with access to DryRotv2 and advanced distribution methods.
  - Analysis was facilitated by tracking and identifying the crypters used and understanding their availability.

  **Conclusion:**
  - Understanding crypters and their usage provides valuable insights into threat activity and can enhance attribution and analysis.
  - Special thanks to a **teammate** whose technical expertise enabled granular tracking of crypters.


created_at: 2024-08-29 20:15:56
prompt:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 1955 characters]

summary:
  **Introduction**:
  - Presentation by **Eric Loui**, a **Principal Intelligence Analyst** from **CrowdStrike**, at **Sleuthcon 2024** in **Arlington, VA**.
  - Focuses on the **increase in threat actors** using **Remote Management and Monitoring (RMM)** tools while **evading security controls**.
  - Discusses **case studies**, **popular RMM tools**, and provides **recommendations** for **detection and mitigation**.

  **Background on RMM Tools**:
  - **Legitimate remote administration software** offered by **commercial vendors**.
  - Used by **IT teams, MSSPs** for **monitoring endpoints**, **deploying patches**, and **troubleshooting**.
  - **Free versions** available from **multiple vendors**, including **common** and **obscure options**.
  - **Key advantages**: remote administration, **free access**, and **evasion of security software** due to **legitimate enterprise use**.
  - **Falcon Overwatch telemetry** shows a **near doubling of incidents** involving RMM tools in **2023** compared to **2022**, with a further **increase in 2024**.

  **Case Studies**:
  - **Scattered Spider**: Aggressive adversary known for **phishing campaigns** and **defeating MFA**.
    - Frequently drops a **variety of RMM tools**, including **uncommon options**.
    - Compromises **admin panels of legitimate EDR tools** to exploit native **remote shell capability**.
    - May also use **web browsers** to access vendor websites and download installers.
    - Deploys RMM tools using **Microsoft Azure run commands** and **Intune**.
  - **Chef Spider**: Lower-volume adversary using a **targeted approach**.
    - Contacts companies via **public sales leads or contact forms**, pretending to be a **potential customer**.
    - Sends an **email with a link to a page hosting an installer** for **Screen Connect** (both **Windows** and **macOS** installers observed).
  - **Callback Phishing Campaigns**:
    - Adversaries send **emails with imminent charges** for services and a **customer service phone number**.
    - When **contacted**, operators send a **second email** with a link to an **RMM tool** (**Zoho Assist** observed).
    - Used to **download additional RMM tools** (**Super Ops**) and **utilities** (**WinSCP**) for potential **data exfiltration**.

  **Hunting Recommendations**:
  - **Monitor for typical artifacts** of RMM tools, including **default installer or client names** and **file paths**.
    - Example: AnyDesk writes a file called **GCAPI.dll**, but **other binaries dropped** should be investigated.
  - **Network perspective**: Some RMM tools send **DNS requests** to **vendor-associated domains**.
    - Example: **NetSupportManager** sends a request to **geo.netsupportsoftware.com**.
    - **ScreenConnect** connects to a **subdomain** of the **official ScreenConnect.com domain**.
  - **Advanced level**: Adversaries may **rename binaries** or **change file paths**.
    - Monitor for **process behavior** and **artifacts on the command line**.
    - Example: **ConnectWise ScreenConnect** launches with a **verbose series of parameters** (**E, Y, H**, etc.).
    - **Manual shell commands** in ScreenConnect may manifest as **run.cmd** files.
    - **AnyDesk** is often installed with the **install** and **silent** flags to **suppress user notifications**.
    - **TeamViewer** may run with **configuration** or **DRE flags**, and its **helper binaries** may appear with **action** or **log parameters**.

  **Conclusion**:
  - **ECRM adversaries** will likely **continue to use legitimate RMM tools** due to their **remote administration capabilities**, **ease of availability**, and **evasion of detections**.
  - To detect and mitigate, it is crucial to **baseline your network**, **know expected RMM tools**, and **write detections** for **hosts**, **network artifacts**, and **process behaviors**.


created_at: 2024-08-29 20:17:20
prompt:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 1955 characters]

summary:
  **Introduction:**
  - **Daniel Gordon**, a Cyber Threat Intel Analyst and contractor at the **Department of Defense Cyber Crime Center (DC3)**, presents on the "Catching the Contagious Interview" topic.
  - **Contagious Interview**: **Hacking activity** linked to or conducted by **IT workers**, with potential links to **North Korea**.

  **IT Workers:**
  - North Korea sends thousands of **IT workers** to various countries.
  - These workers apply for **remote jobs** in the **tech sector**.
  - North Korea takes up to **90%** of their salary, generating **hundreds of millions** for their **weapons program**.

  **Contagious Interview Activity:**
  - **Social engineering** tactics are employed on **gig sites** like Upwork, Fiverr, Freelancer, and LinkedIn.
  - IT recruiters approach potential victims with lucrative job offers and coding challenges.
  - Malicious **repositories** are sent to victims, leading to self-infection.

  **Infection Stages:**
  - **Beavertail** (first stage): Written in **JavaScript** and uploaded to platforms like Google Drive, GitHub, Bitbucket, and GitLab.
  - **Invisible Ferret** (second stage): Includes a **browser stealer** and another component.
  - **AnyDesk** (third stage).

  **Invisible Ferret Details:**
  - Searches for files and folders related to **cryptocurrency** and **software development**.
  - Cryptocurrency developers may leave sensitive information in their software, such as **wallet addresses**, **passcodes**, and **private keys**.
  - Victim wallet address posted in a blog post, allowing for **cryptocurrency tracing**.

  **Heists and Targeting:**
  - Funds laundered through **Tornado Cash**, a service popular among **North Korean threat actors**.
  - Intermingled funds stolen from the **Mural** cryptocurrency project and linked to other major heists.
  - Total stolen funds in the **millions**, indicating an ongoing and successful campaign.
  - Targeting the **cryptocurrency sector** and projects with **blockchain** and **AI** themes.

  **GitHub OpSec:**
  - Victims open issues against malicious repositories, warning others about the malware.
  - The actors' response is to **close the issue** and make no further changes, suggesting they are less experienced or less concerned about **operational security (OpSec)**.

  **Malware Analysis:**
  - Ability to write a **malware config parser** for this family, allowing rapid analysis at scale.
  - Utilization of an **open-source framework** to automatically extract information like **C2** details and **XOR keys**.

  **Infrastructure and Attribution:**
  - Clear preferences for infrastructure, such as registering IP addresses with the same **hosting provider**, making tracking easier.
  - Multiple **circumstantial attribution** data points suggest links to North Korean threat actors.
  - **Direct connections** found between Contagious Interview and IT worker GitHub repositories or accounts, providing stronger evidence for attribution.

  **Takeaways:**
  - **Contagious Interview** involves hacking activity linked to or conducted by North Korean IT workers.
  - Gig platforms and malicious software are used to infect victims, with the primary intent of **stealing cryptocurrency**.
  - The campaign has been active since at least **December 2022** and continues to the present day.


created_at: 2024-08-29 20:19:13
prompt:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 1955 characters]

summary:
  **Introduction**
  - Presenter: **Jason Killam**, Senior Detection Engineer at Red Canary
  - Topic: Revoking code-signing certificates to disrupt malicious activities

  **Code-Signing Certificates**
  - Purchased from **certificate signers** like SSL.com or Sectigo
  - Prevents **smart screens** and **security warnings** from flagging untrusted software
  - **EV certificates** cost $1,500 to $3,000, requiring significant investment from malicious actors

  **Examples of Malicious Signers**
  - **Vidar**: Stealer pretending to be an installer for home automation software "Notion"
  - Left: Malicious binary with generic information and signer "AndresDS"
  - Right: Legitimate binary (MSBuild) with specific metadata and signer "Microsoft"

  **Code-Signing Certificate Anatomy**
  - **Name**: Friendly name identifying the developer
  - **Certificate Authority**: Entity that issued the certificate (e.g., Cictego)
  - **Valid From/To**: Timeline of certificate's validity, useful for incident response
  - **Thumbprint**: Unique identifier for the certificate
  - **Serial Number**: Another identifier, harder to spoof than the thumbprint

  **Inconsistencies in Malicious Binaries**
  - Shorter timeline from creation to detection compared to legitimate software
  - Generic or misleading information in the binary details
  - Unnecessary network connections to platforms like Telegram, Steam, or random IP addresses

  **Example: Yellow Cockatoo**
  - Signed by "Heart Craft Brewery," inconsistent with expected software developers
  - Short timeline from creation to detection, indicating potential malicious activity
  - Twitter post from "Squiggly Doo" highlighting the suspicious signer

  **Call to Action**
  - Example: **Russian Panda**'s team revoked certificates for "Defact Loader," disrupting the malware's operation
  - Certificate revocation can be requested through email or web forms provided by signers like SSL.com and Sectigo
  - **Squiggly Doo**'s tool on **GitHub** automates the process by generating emails with relevant information

  **Revocation Process**
  - Include contact info, binary details, and certificate identifiers (thumbprint, serial number)
  - Explain the reason for revocation, providing attack chain details if necessary
  - Emphasize the impact of revocation, especially for MSIX files, where it completely disrupts the installer

  **Conclusion**
  - Revoking code-signing certificates incurs financial and operational costs for malicious actors
  - By disrupting their activities and establishing trust, revocation helps improve security for everyone


created_at: 2024-08-29 20:23:16
prompt:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 1955 characters]

summary:
  **Introduction:**
  - Speaker: **Carlos Borges**, an intel analyst from Intel 471.
  - Topic: **Bassterlord**, a cybercriminal with ties to LockBit, and his manuals.

  **Bassterlord's Background:**
  - **Initial Access Broker**: Facilitates access to compromised networks for ransomware operations.
  - **Hands-on Operator**: Directly involved in hacking and malware spamming campaigns.
  - **Public Handles**: National Hazard Agents, Bastard Lord, Fishy Eye, Buster, Alexo, and Seener.

  **Timeline:**
  - **2016-2018**: Engaged in optimization, carding, and hacking websites.
  - **2019**: Joined XSS forum and started malware spamming campaigns.
  - **End of 2019**: Joined Lelartus, a reputable affiliate, and learned hands-on operations.
  - **June 2020**: Participated in a summer article contest by LockBeat gang, disclosing background and techniques.
  - **June 2020**: Published a spamming tutorial, revealing tools and methods.
  - **2020**: Released a 10-minute video illustrating a breach, a precursor to the first manual.
  - **February 2021**: Interviewed by Yashichka, revealing personal details and affiliations.
  - **August 2021**: Published the first manual, reflecting underground activities and tools.
  - **November 2021**: Announced retirement from hands-on operations but continued under the fisheye handle.
  - **March 2022**: Updated first manual with additional pages, including comments on Russia-Ukraine war and crypto trading.
  - **December 2022**: Offered the second manual for $10,000, with a focus on initial access and privilege escalation.
  - **May 2023**: Leaked a redacted version of the second manual due to conflicts with Prudapt.
  - **Q1 2023**: Provided interviews, returned to LockBit, and announced another retirement.
  - **Present**: New persona, Mason, offers a third manual focused on target identification.

  **Bassterlord's Techniques:**
  - **Initial Access**: Brute-forcing corporate VPNs, exploiting vulnerabilities (e.g., Blue Keep).
  - **Lateral Movement**: Using Soft Perfect Network Scanner, RDP, and privilege escalation techniques.
  - **Target Identification**: Focusing on domain controllers, using common red-team techniques, and dumping credentials.
  - **VMware Breaching**: Gaining access to VMware re-centre and ESX, changing root passwords, and controlling virtual disks.

  **Conclusion:**
  - Bassterlord's manuals provide effective and fast methods for hands-on operations, offering valuable insights for both attackers and defenders.
  - The presentation covers the actor's timeline, techniques, and impact, with additional details available upon request.


created_at: 2024-08-29 20:27:17
prompt:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 1955 characters]

summary:
  **Russia's Cybercrime Ecosystem:**
  - Russia has one of the **oldest and largest cybercrime undergrounds** globally, fueled by a **technically skilled population** and a **failing economy**.
  - **System language checks** in malware indicate an **unspoken agreement** between cybercriminals and the Russian government, where certain countries are exempt from attacks.
  - Russia's **permissive stance** on cybercrime and its **refusal to collaborate** with international law enforcement enable cybercriminals to operate with impunity.
  - The **Budapest Convention**, which Russia did not sign, is an example of Russia prioritizing its **national sovereignty** over addressing cybercrime.
  - A **cybercrime index** by the University of Oxford ranks Russia as the top country for cybercrime, followed by Ukraine.
  - The **FBI's Cyber Most Wanted list** further highlights the prevalence of Russian cybercriminals.

  **Russian Intelligence Services' Involvement:**
  - The **GRU**, **FSB**, and **SVR** interact differently with the cybercrime underground:
    - **GRU**: Utilizes crimeware and buys malware/services from cybercriminals, taking advantage of **plausible deniability**.
    - **FSB**: Recruits cybercriminals for joint operations and leverages their capabilities/infrastructure. The **Yahoo hack** is an example of this collaboration.
    - **SVR**: Observes the cyber underground, leveraging opportunities (e.g., **buying access** from credential marketplaces) without direct engagement.

  **Case Studies:**
  - **TURLA**: A GRU-affiliated group that exploited USB malware infections to regain access to targeted organizations.
  - **The Da Vinci Group**: A company offering **information access services**, likely connected to the FSB, as indicated by Ukrainian advisories.
  - **SVR's Infostealer Cookie Attack**: SVR used a stolen cookie from an infostealer malware to gain access to a **Microsoft 365 environment**.
  - **SVR's Use of Commercial Offensive Security Tools**: SVR leverages cracked tools shared on Russian-speaking telegram channels and forums.
  - **GRU's Co-optation of a Cybercriminal Botnet**: GRU monitored and repurposed a cybercriminal botnet for its own campaigns.

  **Cybercriminals and Russia's Agenda:**
  - Cybercriminals are often **on-call** to support the Russian government, as seen in the case of **defacement attacks** and **data leaks** against Ukraine before the war.
  - The **current ransom war** targets Western countries, with Russia making selective arrests to signal and distract, maintaining its image.
  - Cybercriminals from Ukraine have shifted their focus to exclusively target their own country, indicating their alignment with Russia's interests.

  **Conclusions and Further Reading:**
  - Cybercrime is **intertwined** with Russian intelligence services, and analysts should consider this when investigating intrusions, especially for **high-value targets**.
  - The relationship between cybercrime and espionage blurs, and the financial incentives for cybercriminals ensure the cycle continues.
  - Recommended readings include the **Recorded Futures dark covenant paper** and articles by the **Atlantic Council**.


created_at: 2024-08-29 20:28:56
prompt:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 1955 characters]

summary:
  **Raffle Prizes**:
  - **Pillow**: Derrick
  - **T-shirt**: Bobby Preston
  - **License Plate**: Megan
  - **Skateboard**: Megan
  - **Coffee Cup**: Ben Coon
  - **Pickleball Set**: David Oxley
  - **Nintendo Switch**: Trayvon Smith

  **Acknowledgments**:
  - Volunteers
  - Digital Project Masters
  - **Sponsors**: Vertex, Rubric, VM Ray, Microsoft, Silent Push, CrowdStrike

  **Closing Remarks**:
  - **Sleuth Con in the Dark**: Attendees are invited to stay for drinks and continue networking.


created_at: 2024-08-31 15:14:48
prompt:
                                      <s>You are a bulleted notes specialist. [INST]```When creating comprehensive bulleted notes, you should follow these guidelines: Use multiple headings based on the referenced topics, not categories like quotes or terms. Headings should be surrounded by bold formatting and not be listed as bullet points themselves. Leave no space between headings and their corresponding list items underneath. Important terms within the content should be emphasized by setting them in bold font. Any text that ends with a colon should also be bolded. Before submitting your response, review the instructions, and make any corrections necessary to adhered to the specified format. Do not reference these instructions within the notes.``` 
  Based on the content between backticks create comprehensive bulleted notes.[/INST]
                                          **Bulleted Note Creation Guidelines**

                                          **Headings**:
                                          - Based on referenced topics, not categories like quotes or terms
                                          - Surrounded by **bold** formatting 
                                          - Not listed as bullet points
                                          - No space between headings and list items underneath

                                          **Emphasis**:
                                          - **Important terms** set in bold font
                                          - **Text ending in a colon**: also bolded

                                          **Review**:
                                          - Ensure adherence to specified format
                                          - Do not reference these instructions in your response.</s>[INST] {{ .Prompt }} [/INST]
                                      

summary:
  **Video Information**
  - **Title**: I Tried Every Seat on the Most Expensive Train
  - **Author**: Ryan Trahan
  - **Channel**: Ryan Trahan
  - **Webpage URL**: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ye-VZFF0qLE
  - **Channel URL**: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCnmGIkw-KdI0W5siakKPKog
  - **Uploader**: Ryan Trahan
  - **Upload Date**: 2024-08-31
  - **Duration**: 1617 seconds
  - **Description**: Baguettes were eaten

  **Trip Background**
  - **Private room amenities**: Private bathroom, king-sized bed, personal assistant
  - Personal story: Used to buy postcards with dad from places never traveled
  - Purpose: Recreate postcards during the train journey

  **Train Rides and Experiences**
  - **First Train (Basic Seat)**:
    - Start location: Rome
    - Features: Fold-out table, trash can, outlet, free Wi-Fi, small television
    - Activities: Explored the train, used the toilet, ordered pizza and cappuccino
    - Stop in Milan before arriving in Venice

  - **Second Train (VIP Seat)**:
    - Features: Reclining options, personal table, outlet
    - Activities: Ordered dinner, explored VIP bathroom, used business room
    - Arrival: Venice, explored city by boat taxi

  **Venice Experience**
  - **Activities**:
    - Recreated postcard, breakfast, dad decided to stay in Venice
    - Ryan continued journey alone

  **Third Train (Suite Seat)**
  - **Features**: Private suite, table, couch that converts to bed, wooden shades, cabinet, safe, robe, slippers, shower, frosted window, toilet
  - **Meals**: Swordfish, tuna, pie, bread
  - **Special moments**: Personal steward (Eleonora), tea and pastries, 24-hour train ride through Italy, Austria, Germany, Switzerland, France
  - **Challenges**: Dress code confusion, missing dad

  **Paris Experience**
  - **Activities**: Recreated postcard, explored city, stayed in hotel with Eiffel Tower view
  - **Personal reflections**: Missed dad, contemplated 2024 Paris Olympics

  **Final Train (Grand Suite)**
  - **Features**: Grand couch, table, chair, bathroom, woodwork, fruit bowl, lampshades, full bed
  - **Steward**: Lino, provided exceptional service
  - **Meals**: Variety of fancy dishes, cappuccino, full-size cake with "Enjoy ride" message
  - **Activities**: Explored the train, enjoyed piano performance

  **Conclusion**
  - **Reflection**: Enjoyed the experience, missed dad, appreciated the journey
  - **Final night**: Spent in Venice with dad, eating pizza
  - **Promotion**: Joyride candy at Target, encouragement to support the brand

  **Personal Insights**
  - **Trains and tunnels**: Developed a love for trains and tunnels
  - **Scenery**: Admired the beautiful countryside and towns during the journey
  - **Emotional moments**: Reconnected with dad, shared special moments in Venice

  **Call to Action**
  - **Joyride promotion**: Encouraged viewers to buy Joyride candy at Target and follow Joyride Sweets on Instagram


created_at: 2024-08-31 18:31:23
prompt:
                                      <s>You are a bulleted notes specialist. [INST]```When creating comprehensive bulleted notes, you should follow these guidelines: Use multiple headings based on the referenced topics, not categories like quotes or terms. Headings should be surrounded by bold formatting and not be listed as bullet points themselves. Leave no space between headings and their corresponding list items underneath. Important terms within the content should be emphasized by setting them in bold font. Any text that ends with a colon should also be bolded. Before submitting your response, review the instructions, and make any corrections necessary to adhered to the specified format. Do not reference these instructions within the notes.``` 
  Based on the content between backticks create comprehensive bulleted notes.[/INST]
                                          **Bulleted Note Creation Guidelines**

                                          **Headings**:
                                          - Based on referenced topics, not categories like quotes or terms
                                          - Surrounded by **bold** formatting 
                                          - Not listed as bullet points
                                          - No space between headings and list items underneath

                                          **Emphasis**:
                                          - **Important terms** set in bold font
                                          - **Text ending in a colon**: also bolded

                                          **Review**:
                                          - Ensure adherence to specified format
                                          - Do not reference these instructions in your response.</s>[INST] {{ .Prompt }} [/INST]
                                      

summary:
  **Video Information**
  - **Title**: I Tried Every Seat on the Most Expensive Train
  - **Author**: Ryan Trahan
  - **Description**: baguettes were eaten
  - **Channel**: Ryan Trahan
  - **Uploader**: Ryan Trahan
  - **Upload Date**: August 31, 2024
  - **Duration**: 1617 seconds
  - **Webpage URL**: [YouTube Link](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ye-VZFF0qLE)
  - **Channel URL**: [Channel Link](https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCnmGIkw-KdI0W5siakKPKog)

  **Introduction**
  - Private room on a European train with a **private bathroom**, **king-sized bed**, and **personal assistant**
  - Nostalgic reference to buying postcards with his dad

  **Train Journey Start**
  - **First Train**: Basic seat from Rome
    - **Amenities**: Table, trash can, outlet, free Wi-Fi, small television
    - **Experience**: Comfortable seats, spacious, more enjoyable than flying
    - **First Postcard**: Colosseum in Rome

  **Exploring the Train**
  - **Train Bathroom**: Hand soap, water, hand dryer
  - **Snack Car**: Ordered pizza and cappuccinos
    - **Food Quality**: Affordable, tasted good

  **Travel Stops**
  - **Milan**: Transition to next train
  - **Venice**: Recreate postcards, travel by boat taxi

  **VIP Seat Experience**
  - **Second Seat**: VIP seat with extensive legroom
    - **Amenities**: Reclining options, outlet, private table, served dinner
    - **VIP Bathroom**: Small but functional

  **Business Room**
  - **Purpose**: For business meetings and discussions
  - **Venice Arrival**: Boat taxi ride, admiration of Venice's beauty

  **Next Train Segment**
  - **Luxury Suite**: Private room, table, couch that converts to a bed, wooden shades
    - **Bathroom**: Full shower, mirror, frosted window, toilet
    - **Lunch**: Swordfish, tuna, pie, and bread

  **Final Train Segment**
  - **Grand Suite**: Most expensive train seat
    - **Amenities**: Grand couch, table, chair, spacious bathroom, full bed
    - **Steward**: Lino, known for excellent service
  - **Dinner**: Multiple courses with fancy dishes

  **Overall Experience**
  - **Reflection**: Missed his dad, enjoyed the train journey
  - **Final Thoughts**: Love for trains and tunnels, admiration for the beautiful scenery

  **Conclusion**
  - **Mission**: Recreate postcards
  - **Final Destination**: Paris and Budapest
  - **Return to Venice**: Spent last night with his dad eating pizza
  - **Promotion**: Joyride candy brand, goal to be the number one selling candy at Target

  **Call to Action**
  - **Encouragement**: Buy Joyride at Target, follow Joyride Sweets on Instagram
  - **Final Note**: Thanking viewers and promoting another video to watch


created_at: 2024-08-31 18:37:42
prompt:
                                      <s>You are a bulleted notes specialist. [INST]```When creating comprehensive bulleted notes, you should follow these guidelines: Use multiple headings based on the referenced topics, not categories like quotes or terms. Headings should be surrounded by bold formatting and not be listed as bullet points themselves. Leave no space between headings and their corresponding list items underneath. Important terms within the content should be emphasized by setting them in bold font. Any text that ends with a colon should also be bolded. Before submitting your response, review the instructions, and make any corrections necessary to adhered to the specified format. Do not reference these instructions within the notes.``` 
  Based on the content between backticks create comprehensive bulleted notes.[/INST]
                                          **Bulleted Note Creation Guidelines**

                                          **Headings**:
                                          - Based on referenced topics, not categories like quotes or terms
                                          - Surrounded by **bold** formatting 
                                          - Not listed as bullet points
                                          - No space between headings and list items underneath

                                          **Emphasis**:
                                          - **Important terms** set in bold font
                                          - **Text ending in a colon**: also bolded

                                          **Review**:
                                          - Ensure adherence to specified format
                                          - Do not reference these instructions in your response.</s>[INST] {{ .Prompt }} [/INST]
                                      

summary:
  **Video Details**
  - **Title:** I Tried Every Seat on the Most Expensive Train
  - **Author:** Ryan Trahan
  - **Webpage URL:** [YouTube Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ye-VZFF0qLE)
  - **Channel URL:** [Ryan Trahan's Channel](https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCnmGIkw-KdI0W5siakKPKog)
  - **Duration:** 1617 seconds (approximately 27 minutes)
  - **Uploader:** Ryan Trahan
  - **Upload Date:** 2024-08-31
  - **Description:** Baguettes were eaten

  **Video Journey Overview**
  - **Starting Point:** Rome
    - Captured first postcard at the Colosseum
    - First train ride in a basic seat
    - Basic seat amenities: table, trash can, outlet, free Wi-Fi, small television playing the Lego movie

  - **First Train Ride**
    - **Experience:** More fun than flying, plenty of space
    - **Bathroom Check:** Hand soap, water, hand dryer
    - **Food:** Snack car with pizza and cappuccino

  - **Second Train Ride**
    - **Location:** Milan to Venice
    - **Seat:** VIP seat, lots of leg room, personal table, reclining options
    - **Food:** Ordered dinner, VIP bathroom
    - **Business Room:** Used for board meetings

  - **Venice Arrival**
    - **Experience:** Boat taxi to the hotel
    - **Activities:** Recreate Venice postcard, breakfast before next train ride
    - **Father's Decision:** Decided to stay in Venice

  - **Third Train Ride**
    - **Dress Code:** Business professional
    - **Transportation:** Boat to train station
    - **Suite Amenities:** Private room, table, couch that turns into a bed, wooden shades, shower
    - **Lunch:** Swordfish, tuna, pie, and bread
    - **Personal Steward:** Eleonora
    - **Milk and Cookies:** Special request fulfilled

  - **Paris Arrival**
    - **Postcard:** Recreated Paris postcard
    - **Hotel:** View of Eiffel Tower, 4-hour power nap

  - **Final Train Ride to Budapest**
    - **Suite:** Grand Suite, most expensive train seat in the world
    - **Amenities:** Grand couch, table, chair, bathroom, fruit bowl, full bed
    - **Dinner:** Fancy dishes, multiple courses
    - **Personal Steward:** Lino
    - **Cake Surprise:** "Enjoy Ride"

  - **Reflection**
    - **Experience:** Magical, felt like a movie
    - **Final Thoughts:** Love for trains and tunnels, scenic countryside views
    - **Decision:** Returned to Venice to spend time with his dad

  **Joyride Candy**
  - **Mission:** To make Joyride the number one selling candy at Target
  - **Strategy:** Encouraging viewers to buy Joyride and support the climb
  - **Social Media:** Follow Joyride Sweets on Instagram

  **Conclusion**
  - **Final Moments:** Spending time in Venice with his dad, enjoying pizza
  - **Call to Action:** Watch recommended videos and support Joyride candy.


created_at: 2024-08-31 19:41:42
prompt:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 1835 characters]

summary:
  **Video Information**
  - **Title**: I Tried Every Seat on the Most Expensive Train
  - **Author**: Ryan Trahan
  - **Duration**: 1617 seconds
  - **Upload Date**: 2024-08-31
  - **Channel**: Ryan Trahan
  - **Description**: baguettes were eaten
  - **Webpage URL**: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ye-VZFF0qLE
  - **Channel URL**: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCnmGIkw-KdI0W5siakKPKog

  **Train Journey Overview**
  - **Initial Location**: Rome, Italy
  - **Final Destination**: Paris, France
  - **Stops**: Milan, Venice, and Budapest (planned but not executed)
  - **Travel Companions**: Initially with his dad, later alone

  **Train Seats and Amenities**
  - **Basic Seat**:
    - **Features**: Table, trash can, outlet, free Wi-Fi, small TV playing the Lego movie
    - **Experience**: Comfortable, spacious, more enjoyable than flying
    
  - **VIP Seat**:
    - **Features**: Reclining options, personal table, menu with food service
    - **Experience**: Luxury, delicious dinner, access to VIP bathroom, business room for meetings
    
  - **Private Suite**:
    - **Features**: Private cabin, table, couch that converts to bed, wooden shades, robe and slippers, complimentary water and toiletries, full shower, mirror, frosted window, toilet
    - **Experience**: Served by personal steward Eleonora, 24-hour train ride through five countries
    
  - **Grand Suite**:
    - **Features**: More space, grand couch, table, chair, full bed, luxurious woodwork, fruit bowl, lampshades, private bathroom
    - **Experience**: Served by steward Lino, fancy dinner, received a cake with "Enjoy ride" written on it

  **Activities and Experiences**
  - **Rome**:
    - **Activity**: Capturing a photo for a postcard at the Colosseum
    
  - **Venice**:
    - **Activity**: Boat taxi ride, exploring the city, capturing a photo for a postcard
    - **Dad's Decision**: Stayed in Venice instead of continuing to Budapest
    
  - **Paris**:
    - **Activity**: Recreating a postcard photo in front of the Eiffel Tower, exploring low-key spots, reflecting on the journey and memories with his dad

  **Special Moments**
  - **Dad's Influence**: Fond memories of buying postcards with his dad, emotional connection to the journey
  - **Personal Reflections**: Missing his dad during the trip, realization of the significance of spending time together
  - **Food and Drink**: Enjoyed various meals, cappuccinos, and desserts on the train, including a special cake

  **Business Promotion**
  - **Joyride Candy**:
    - **Promotion**: Encouraging viewers to buy Joyride candy at Target to make it the number one selling candy
    - **Social Media**: Mentioned Joyride Sweets on Instagram for non-US viewers

  **Conclusion**
  - **Final Thoughts**: Emphasized the importance of spending time with loved ones, sharing the experience with his dad in Venice, and promoting Joyride candy


created_at: 2024-08-31 19:42:28
prompt:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 1835 characters]

summary:
  **Video Overview**
  - **Title:** I Tried Every Seat on the Most Expensive Train
  - **Author:** Ryan Trahan
  - **Channel:** Ryan Trahan
  - **Duration:** 1617 seconds (approximately 27 minutes)
  - **Upload Date:** August 31, 2024
  - **Description:** baguettes were eaten

  **Trip Initiation**
  - Ryan finds old postcards that inspire the trip.
  - First train ride starts in Rome with his dad.
  - **Basic seat amenities:** Fold-out table, trash can, outlet, free Wi-Fi, small television playing the Lego movie.

  **First Train Ride**
  - Ryan and his dad enjoy the spacious basic seats.
  - Captured their first postcard at the Colosseum in Rome.
  - Ryan explores the train's bathroom.
  - **Snack car menu:** Ryan orders pizza and cappuccinos.

  **Second Train Ride (VIP Seat)**
  - **VIP seat amenities:** Reclining options, personal private table, served dinner.
  - Ryan explores the VIP bathroom.
  - **Business room:** Used for meetings and business discussions.
  - Arrives in Venice, enjoys a boat taxi ride with his dad.

  **Venice Stay**
  - Ryan and his dad recreate a Venice postcard.
  - Dad decides to stay in Venice, while Ryan continues the journey alone.

  **Third Train Ride (Private Suite)**
  - **Suite amenities:** Private room, table, couch that converts to a bed, wooden shades, cabinet for clothes, safe, robe, slippers, complimentary water, toiletries.
  - **Bathroom amenities:** Full shower, mirror, frosted window, toilet.
  - Ryan enjoys a lunch of swordfish, tuna, and pie.
  - Reflects on missing his dad.

  **Journey Through Europe**
  - Travels through Italy, Austria, Germany, Switzerland, and France.
  - **Personal steward:** Eleonora provides tea and pastries.
  - Ryan enjoys the countryside views, spends time in tunnels.

  **Dinner and Night on the Train**
  - Changes into slacks for dinner.
  - **Dinner menu:** Lagustin, sea bass with caviar, lemon snow cone.
  - Receives a surprise cake with "Enjoy ride" written on it.
  - Promotes his candy brand, Joyride.

  **Final Train Ride to Budapest**
  - **Grand Suite amenities:** Grand couch, table and chair, spacious area, bathroom similar to previous suite, full-size bed.
  - **Steward:** Lino, known as the "goat of stewards".
  - Ryan enjoys a grand dinner and a surprise cake.

  **Conclusion**
  - Reflects on the journey and his love for trains and tunnels.
  - Decides to spend his last night in Europe with his dad in Venice.
  - Thanks viewers and promotes Joyride candy.
  - Encourages viewers to watch another recommended video.


created_at: 2024-08-31 19:52:21
prompt:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 1835 characters]

summary:
  **Video Details**
  - **Title:** I Tried Every Seat on the Most Expensive Train
  - **Author:** Ryan Trahan
  - **Webpage URL:** https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ye-VZFF0qLE
  - **Channel URL:** https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCnmGIkw-KdI0W5siakKPKog
  - **Duration:** 1617 seconds
  - **Channel:** Ryan Trahan
  - **Uploader:** Ryan Trahan
  - **Upload Date:** 20240831

  **Overview of Train Journey**
  - **Initial Inspiration:** Childhood memories with dad, buying postcards of places never visited
  - **First Train Ride:**
    - **Location:** Rome
    - **Seat Type:** Basic seat
    - **Features:** Fold-out table, trash can, outlet, free Wi-Fi, small television
    - **Highlights:** Spacious, more comfortable than flying, bathroom amenities
  - **Snack Car:** Ordered pizza and cappuccinos

  **VIP Train Ride**
  - **Next Stop:** Milan, then Venice
  - **Seat Type:** VIP seat
  - **Features:** Reclining options, personal private table, outlet
  - **Dinner:** Ordered and enjoyed a meal
  - **VIP Bathroom:** Smaller but functional

  **Venice Exploration**
  - **Postcard Recreation:** Took photos in Venice
  - **Dad's Decision:** Dad decided to stay in Venice
  - **Next Train Ride:** Noted the dress code requirement, traveled to the train station via a boat

  **Private Suite Experience**
  - **Suite Features:** Private, table, couch that converts to bed, wooden shades, cabinet with safe, robe, slippers, toiletries
  - **Bathroom:** Full shower, mirror, frosted window, toilet
  - **Meals:** Swordfish, tuna, pie, and bread
  - **Personal Steward:** Eleonora
  - **Overnight Train Ride:** 24-hour journey through five countries

  **Final Train Ride to Paris**
  - **Morning Routine:** Breakfast, admiring the countryside
  - **Postcard Recreation:** Took a photo near the Eiffel Tower
  - **Reflection on Journey:** Noted the coincidence with the 2024 Paris Olympics

  **Grand Suite Experience**
  - **Suite Features:** Couch, table and chair, spacious, similar bathroom, full bed
  - **Steward:** Lino
  - **Dinner:** Enjoyed a variety of fancy foods
  - **Surprise Cake:** "Enjoy ride" message, noted the similarity to his candy brand, Joyride

  **Journey Conclusion**
  - **Final Exploration:** Explored the train, enjoyed a fun drink
  - **Final Thoughts:** Reflected on the experience, the beauty of the journey, and the importance of spending time with his dad
  - **Reunion with Dad:** Decided to spend the last night in Europe with his dad in Venice, enjoying pizza together

  **Joyride Candy Promotion**
  - **Goal:** Make Joyride the number one selling candy at Target
  - **Call to Action:** Encouraged viewers to buy Joyride at Target and follow Joyride Sweets on Instagram


created_at: 2024-08-31 19:53:08
prompt:
[cell repeats an earlier one in this file: 1835 characters]

summary:
  **Video Information**
  - **Title:** I Tried Every Seat on the Most Expensive Train
  - **Author:** Ryan Trahan
  - **Channel:** Ryan Trahan
  - **Upload Date:** 20240831
  - **Duration:** 1617 seconds
  - **Webpage URL:** [YouTube Link](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ye-VZFF0qLE)
  - **Channel URL:** [Ryan Trahan's Channel](https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCnmGIkw-KdI0W5siakKPKog)
  - **Description:** Baguettes were eaten

  **Train Journey Overview**
  - **Starting Point:** Rome, Italy
  - **First Seat:** Basic Seat
    - **Amenities:** Table, trash can, outlet, free Wi-Fi, small television
    - **Experience:** Comfortable, spacious, similar to first class on an airplane
    - **Activity:** Used train bathroom, ordered snack (pizza and cappuccino)
    - **Stop:** Milan, Italy
  - **Next Destination:** Venice, Italy
    - **Experience in Venice:** Enjoyed a boat taxi ride, captured postcard

  **VIP Seat Experience**
  - **Second Seat:** VIP Seat
    - **Amenities:** Reclining options, outlet, personal table
    - **Experience:** Served dinner, used VIP bathroom
    - **Business Room:** Designed for meetings

  **Venice to Paris**
  - **Third Seat:** Private Suite
    - **Amenities:** Private room, table, couch, wooden shades, bathroom with shower
    - **Meals:** Swordfish, tuna, pie, bread
    - **Personal Steward:** Eleonora
    - **Activities:** Explored countryside, ordered milk and cookies
    - **Experience:** Slept in a bed on the train, admired Swiss Alps

  **Paris to Budapest**
  - **Fourth Seat:** Grand Suite
    - **Amenities:** Couch, table, grand bathroom, full bed
    - **Personal Steward:** Lino
    - **Experience:** Dinner, enjoyed cappuccino, received a cake

  **Final Thoughts**
  - **Reflection:** Missed father, enjoyed train experience, loved tunnels
  - **Conclusion:** Decided to spend the last night in Europe with his dad in Venice, eating pizza together

  **Additional Notes**
  - **Promotion:** Joyride candy brand, aiming to become the number one selling candy at Target
  - **Postcards:** Recreated postcards in Rome, Venice, and Paris


