import ast import io import sys import subprocess import tempfile import gradio as gr import shutil from contextlib import redirect_stdout # ============================================================================= # Python To JavaScript 轉換器 # ============================================================================= class PythonToJavaScriptConverter(ast.NodeVisitor): def __init__(self): self.variables = set() # 用於追蹤已聲明的變量 self.current_scope = [] self.indent_level = 0 def indent(self): return ' ' * self.indent_level def visit_FunctionDef(self, node): self.current_scope.append(node.name) func_name = node.name args = [arg.arg for arg in node.args.args] defaults = [self.visit(d) for d in node.args.defaults] args_list = [] num_args = len(args) num_defaults = len(defaults) for i, arg in enumerate(args): if i >= num_args - num_defaults: default = defaults[i - (num_args - num_defaults)] args_list.append(f"{arg} = {default}") else: args_list.append(arg) args_str = ", ".join(args_list) self.indent_level += 1 body = "\n".join(self.visit(n) for n in node.body) self.indent_level -= 1 self.current_scope.pop() return f"{self.indent()}function {func_name}({args_str}) {{\n{body}\n{self.indent()}}}" def visit_Return(self, node): if node.value: return f"{self.indent()}return {self.visit(node.value)};" else: return f"{self.indent()}return;" def visit_Assign(self, node): target = node.targets[0] value = self.visit(node.value) if isinstance(target, ast.Tuple): targets = [self.visit(t) for t in target.elts] if not isinstance(node.value, ast.Tuple): value = f"[{value}]" assignment = f"{self.indent()}let [{', '.join(targets)}] = {value};" else: target_str = self.visit(target) if target_str not in self.variables: declaration = "let " self.variables.add(target_str) else: declaration = "" assignment = f"{self.indent()}{declaration}{target_str} = {value};" return assignment def visit_If(self, node): test = self.visit(node.test) self.indent_level += 1 if_body = "\n".join(self.visit(n) for n in node.body) self.indent_level -= 1 if node.orelse: self.indent_level += 1 else_body = "\n".join(self.visit(n) for n in node.orelse) self.indent_level -= 1 return f"{self.indent()}if (({test})) {{\n{if_body}\n{self.indent()}}} else {{\n{else_body}\n{self.indent()}}}" else: return f"{self.indent()}if (({test})) {{\n{if_body}\n{self.indent()}}}" def visit_While(self, node): test = self.visit(node.test) self.indent_level += 1 body = "\n".join(self.visit(n) for n in node.body) self.indent_level -= 1 return f"{self.indent()}while ({test}) {{\n{body}\n{self.indent()}}}" def visit_For(self, node): target = self.visit(node.target) if isinstance(node.iter, ast.Call) and isinstance(node.iter.func, ast.Name) and node.iter.func.id == "range": args = [self.visit(arg) for arg in node.iter.args] if len(args) == 1: iterable = f"Array.from({{length: {args[0]}}}, (_, {target}) => {target})" elif len(args) == 2: iterable = f"Array.from({{length: {args[1]} - {args[0]}}}, (_, {target}) => {target} + {args[0]})" else: iterable = f"Array.from({{length: 1}}, (_, {target}) => {target})" else: iterable = self.visit(node.iter) self.indent_level += 1 body = "\n".join(self.visit(n) for n in node.body) self.indent_level -= 1 return f"{self.indent()}for (let {target} of {iterable}) {{\n{body}\n{self.indent()}}}" def visit_Try(self, node): try_body = "\n".join(self.visit(n) for n in node.body) catch_body = "" if node.handlers: handler_lines = [] for handler in node.handlers: if handler.type: type_str = self.visit(handler.type) handler_body = "\n".join(self.visit(n) for n in handler.body) clause = f"if (e instanceof {type_str}) {{\n{self.indent()} {handler_body}\n{self.indent()}}}" handler_lines.append(clause) else: handler_body = "\n".join(self.visit(n) for n in handler.body) handler_lines.append(f"{{\n{self.indent()} {handler_body}\n{self.indent()}}}") catch_body = ("\n" + self.indent() + "else ").join(handler_lines) else: catch_body = f"{self.indent()}/* No exception handlers */" finally_body = "" if node.finalbody: self.indent_level += 1 finally_body = "\n".join(self.visit(n) for n in node.finalbody) self.indent_level -= 1 finally_body = f"\n{self.indent()}finally {{\n{finally_body}\n{self.indent()}}}" return f"{self.indent()}try {{\n{try_body}\n{self.indent()}}} catch(e) {{\n{self.indent()} {catch_body}\n{self.indent()}}}{finally_body}" def visit_With(self, node): items = [] for item in node.items: context_expr = self.visit(item.context_expr) optional_vars = self.visit(item.optional_vars) if item.optional_vars else "" items.append(f"{context_expr} as {optional_vars}" if optional_vars else context_expr) with_comment = f"// with: {', '.join(items)}" self.indent_level += 1 body = "\n".join(self.visit(n) for n in node.body) self.indent_level -= 1 return f"{self.indent()}{with_comment}\n{body}" def visit_Call(self, node): func_name = "" if isinstance(node.func, ast.Name): func_name = node.func.id if func_name == "print": func = "console.log" elif func_name == "range": return self.handle_range(node) elif func_name == "list": arg = self.visit(node.args[0]) return f"Array.from({arg})" else: func = self.visit(node.func) args = ", ".join(self.visit(arg) for arg in node.args) return f"{func}({args})" def handle_range(self, node): args = [self.visit(arg) for arg in node.args] if len(node.args) == 1: return f"Array.from({{length: {args[0]}}}, (_, i) => i)" elif len(node.args) == 2: return f"Array.from({{length: {args[1]} - {args[0]}}}, (_, i) => i + {args[0]})" return f"Array.from({{length: 1}})" def visit_ListComp(self, node): if len(node.generators) > 1: return "/* Unsupported list comprehension with multiple generators */" gen = node.generators[0] target = self.visit(gen.target) if_condition = None if gen.ifs: conditions = " && ".join(self.visit(cond) for cond in gen.ifs) if_condition = conditions iter_expr = gen.iter if isinstance(iter_expr, ast.Call) and isinstance(iter_expr.func, ast.Name) and iter_expr.func.id == "range": args = [self.visit(arg) for arg in iter_expr.args] if len(iter_expr.args) == 1: range_str = f"Array.from({{length: {args[0]}}}, (_, {target}) => {target})" elif len(iter_expr.args) == 2: range_str = f"Array.from({{length: {args[1]} - {args[0]}}}, (_, {target}) => {target} + {args[0]})" else: range_str = f"Array.from({{length: 1}}, (_, {target}) => {target})" else: range_str = self.visit(iter_expr) elt = self.visit(node.elt) if if_condition: return f"{range_str}.filter(({target}) => {if_condition}).map(({target}) => ({elt}))" else: return f"{range_str}.map(({target}) => ({elt}))" def visit_GeneratorExp(self, node): if len(node.generators) > 1: return "/* Unsupported generator expression with multiple generators */" gen = node.generators[0] target = self.visit(gen.target) if_condition = None if gen.ifs: conditions = " && ".join(self.visit(cond) for cond in gen.ifs) if_condition = conditions iter_expr = gen.iter if isinstance(iter_expr, ast.Call) and isinstance(iter_expr.func, ast.Name) and iter_expr.func.id == "range": args = [self.visit(arg) for arg in iter_expr.args] if len(iter_expr.args) == 1: range_str = f"Array.from({{length: {args[0]}}}, (_, {target}) => {target})" elif len(iter_expr.args) == 2: range_str = f"Array.from({{length: {args[1]} - {args[0]}}}, (_, {target}) => {target} + {args[0]})" else: range_str = f"Array.from({{length: 1}}, (_, {target}) => {target})" else: range_str = self.visit(iter_expr) elt = self.visit(node.elt) if if_condition: gen_body = ( f"for (let {target} of {range_str}) {{\n" f" if (!({if_condition})) continue;\n" f" yield ({elt});\n" f"}}" ) else: gen_body = ( f"for (let {target} of {range_str}) {{\n" f" yield ({elt});\n" f"}}" ) return f"(function* () {{\n{gen_body}\n}})()" def visit_BinOp(self, node): if isinstance(node.op, ast.FloorDiv): left = self.visit(node.left) right = self.visit(node.right) return f"Math.floor({left} / {right})" elif isinstance(node.op, ast.Pow): left = self.visit(node.left) right = self.visit(node.right) return f"Math.pow({left}, {right})" else: left = self.visit(node.left) op = self.visit(node.op) right = self.visit(node.right) return f"{left} {op} {right}" def visit_Compare(self, node): if len(node.ops) != 1 or len(node.comparators) != 1: return "/* Unsupported comparison */" left = self.visit(node.left) op = self.visit(node.ops[0]) comparator = self.visit(node.comparators[0]) return f"{left} {op} {comparator}" def visit_BoolOp(self, node): if isinstance(node.op, ast.And): op = "&&" elif isinstance(node.op, ast.Or): op = "||" else: op = "/* Unsupported BoolOp */" values = [self.visit(v) for v in node.values] return f"{f' {op} '.join(values)}" def visit_UnaryOp(self, node): if isinstance(node.op, ast.Not): op = "!" else: op = "/* Unsupported UnaryOp */" operand = self.visit(node.operand) return f"{op}{operand}" def visit_Attribute(self, node): obj = self.visit(node.value) return f"{obj}.{node.attr}" def visit_Subscript(self, node): value = self.visit(node.value) index = self.visit(node.slice) return f"{value}[{index}]" def visit_Index(self, node): return self.visit(node.value) def visit_Name(self, node): return node.id def visit_Constant(self, node): if node.value is None: return "null" elif isinstance(node.value, bool): return "true" if node.value else "false" elif isinstance(node.value, str): return f'"{node.value}"' return str(node.value) def visit_List(self, node): elements = [self.visit(e) for e in node.elts] return f"[{', '.join(elements)}]" def visit_Tuple(self, node): elements = [self.visit(e) for e in node.elts] return f"[{', '.join(elements)}]" def visit_Dict(self, node): pairs = [] for k, v in zip(node.keys, node.values): key = self.visit(k) if k else "" value = self.visit(v) if isinstance(k, ast.Constant) and isinstance(k.value, str): key = f'"{k.value}"' pairs.append(f"{key}: {value}") return f"{{{', '.join(pairs)}}}" def visit_Expr(self, node): expr = self.visit(node.value) return f"{self.indent()}{expr};" def visit_AugAssign(self, node): target = self.visit(node.target) op = self.visit(node.op) value = self.visit(node.value) return f"{self.indent()}{target} {op}= {value};" def visit_Add(self, node): return "+" def visit_Sub(self, node): return "-" def visit_Mult(self, node): return "*" def visit_Div(self, node): return "/" def visit_Mod(self, node): return "%" def visit_Eq(self, node): return "===" def visit_NotEq(self, node): return "!==" def visit_Lt(self, node): return "<" def visit_LtE(self, node): return "<=" def visit_Gt(self, node): return ">" def visit_GtE(self, node): return ">=" def visit_ClassDef(self, node): class_name = node.name methods = [] for n in node.body: if isinstance(n, ast.FunctionDef): if n.name == "__init__": method_code = self.visit_FunctionDef(n) method_code = method_code.replace("function __init__", "constructor") methods.append(method_code) else: methods.append(self.visit_FunctionDef(n)) else: methods.append(self.visit(n)) body_str = "\n".join(methods) return f"{self.indent()}class {class_name} {{\n{body_str}\n{self.indent()}}}" def generic_visit(self, node): return f"/* Unhandled node type: {type(node).__name__} */" def convert_python_to_javascript(python_code): tree = ast.parse(python_code) converter = PythonToJavaScriptConverter() return "\n".join(filter(None, (converter.visit(n) for n in tree.body))) # ============================================================================= # 執行 Python 程式碼,並捕捉其輸出 # ============================================================================= def run_python_code(code): stdout = io.StringIO() try: with redirect_stdout(stdout): exec(code, {}) except Exception as e: stdout.write(f"Error: {str(e)}") return stdout.getvalue() # ============================================================================= # 執行 JavaScript 程式碼(需要系統有 node.js 環境) # ============================================================================= def run_js_code(js_code): if not shutil.which("node"): return "Error: Node.js is not installed or not available in the system PATH." try: with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile("w", suffix=".js", delete=False) as temp_js: temp_js.write(js_code) temp_js.flush() temp_js_name = temp_js.name result = subprocess.run(["node", temp_js_name], capture_output=True, text=True, timeout=5) output = result.stdout if result.stderr: output += "\nError:\n" + result.stderr except Exception as e: output = f"Error executing JS code: {str(e)}" return output # ============================================================================= # 定義多組範例測試代碼 (覆蓋所有測試情況) # ============================================================================= sample_dict = { "Simple Function": '''\ def add(a, b): return a + b print(add(2, 3)) ''', "If/Else": '''\ def max_num(a, b): if a > b: return a else: return b print(max_num(10, 20)) ''', "While Loop": '''\ i = 0 while i < 5: print(i) i += 1 ''', "For Loop": '''\ for x in range(3): print(x) ''', "List Comprehension (without if)": '''\ numbers = [x * 2 for x in range(5)] print(numbers) ''', "List Comprehension (with if)": '''\ numbers = [x for x in range(10) if x % 2 == 0] print(numbers) ''', "Dictionary Access": '''\ person = {"name": "Alice", "age": 30} print(person["name"]) ''', "Augmented Assignment": '''\ count = 10 count += 5 print(count) ''', "Multiple Assignments": '''\ a, b = 1, 2 print(a) print(b) ''', "Boolean Operations": '''\ a = True b = False if a and not b: print("Both conditions met") ''', "Nested Functions": '''\ def outer(x): def inner(y): return y * 2 return inner(x) + 1 print(outer(5)) ''', "None and Boolean": '''\ result = None flag = True if flag: result = "Success" else: result = "Failure" print(result) ''', "Floor Div and Pow": '''\ a = 5 // 2 b = 2 ** 3 print(a) print(b) ''', "Class Definition": '''\ class Person: def __init__(self, name): self.name = name def greet(self): print("Hello, " + self.name) p = Person("Alice") p.greet() ''', "Default Parameter": '''\ def greet(name="World"): print("Hello, " + name) greet() ''', "Nested If/Else": '''\ if a > b: if b > c: print("a > b > c") else: print("Not in order") ''', "Nested For Loops": '''\ for i in range(3): for j in range(2): print(i, j) ''', "Generator Expression": '''\ gen = (x * 2 for x in range(5)) print(list(gen)) ''' } sample_choices = list(sample_dict.keys()) def load_sample(sample_name): return sample_dict.get(sample_name, "") # ============================================================================= # Gradio 介面主函數 # ============================================================================= def process_code(python_code): try: tree = ast.parse(python_code) ast_tree = ast.dump(tree, indent=4) except Exception as e: ast_tree = f"AST Error: {e}" python_output = run_python_code(python_code) try: js_code = convert_python_to_javascript(python_code) except Exception as e: js_code = f"Conversion Error: {e}" js_output = run_js_code(js_code) return ast_tree, python_output, js_code, js_output # ============================================================================= # 建立 Gradio 介面,包含下拉選單、Code 輸入與多個輸出區塊 # ============================================================================= with gr.Blocks(css="#component-7 {font-family: 'Consolas', monospace;}") as demo: gr.Markdown("# Python ↔ JavaScript Interactive converters") gr.Markdown("Select the sample code from the drop-down menu or paste the Python code directly to see the AST, the execution result, and the converted JavaScript code and execution result.") with gr.Row(): with gr.Column(scale=1): sample_dropdown = gr.Dropdown(label="Select a Sample", choices=sample_choices, value=sample_choices[0]) with gr.Column(scale=3): python_code_input = gr.Code( label="Python Code Input", language="python", value=sample_dict[sample_choices[0]], interactive=True) sample_dropdown.change(fn=load_sample, inputs=sample_dropdown, outputs=python_code_input) run_button = gr.Button("Run Code") with gr.Row(): with gr.Column(): ast_output = gr.Code(label="AST Tree", language="python", interactive=False) python_exec_output = gr.Textbox(label="Python Execution Output", interactive=False) with gr.Column(): js_code_output = gr.Code(label="Converted JavaScript Code", language="javascript", interactive=False) js_exec_output = gr.Textbox(label="JavaScript Execution Output", interactive=False) run_button.click(fn=process_code, inputs=python_code_input, outputs=[ast_output, python_exec_output, js_code_output, js_exec_output]) if __name__ == "__main__": demo.launch()