utils/cnn_transformer.py

import os

os.environ["KERAS_BACKEND"] = "tensorflow"

import re

import keras
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
import tensorflow as tf
from keras import layers
from keras.applications import efficientnet
from keras.layers import TextVectorization

keras.utils.set_random_seed(111)


# Desired image dimensions
IMAGE_SIZE = (299, 299)

# Dimension for the image embeddings and token embeddings
EMBED_DIM = 512

# Per-layer units in the feed-forward network
FF_DIM = 512

# Fixed length allowed for any sequence
SEQ_LENGTH = 25

# Vocabulary size
VOCAB_SIZE = 10000

# Data augmentation for image data
image_augmentation = keras.Sequential(
    [
        layers.RandomFlip("horizontal"),
        layers.RandomRotation(0.2),
        layers.RandomContrast(0.3),
    ]
)


def get_cnn_model():
    base_model = efficientnet.EfficientNetB0(
        input_shape=(*IMAGE_SIZE, 3),
        include_top=False,
        weights="imagenet",
    )
    # We freeze our feature extractor
    base_model.trainable = False
    base_model_out = base_model.output
    base_model_out = layers.Reshape((-1, base_model_out.shape[-1]))(base_model_out)
    cnn_model = keras.models.Model(base_model.input, base_model_out)
    return cnn_model


class TransformerEncoderBlock(layers.Layer):
    def __init__(self, embed_dim, dense_dim, num_heads, **kwargs):
        super().__init__(**kwargs)
        self.embed_dim = embed_dim
        self.dense_dim = dense_dim
        self.num_heads = num_heads
        self.attention_1 = layers.MultiHeadAttention(
            num_heads=num_heads, key_dim=embed_dim, dropout=0.0
        )
        self.layernorm_1 = layers.LayerNormalization()
        self.layernorm_2 = layers.LayerNormalization()
        self.dense_1 = layers.Dense(embed_dim, activation="relu")

    def call(self, inputs, training, mask=None):
        inputs = self.layernorm_1(inputs)
        inputs = self.dense_1(inputs)

        attention_output_1 = self.attention_1(
            query=inputs,
            value=inputs,
            key=inputs,
            attention_mask=None,
            training=training,
        )
        out_1 = self.layernorm_2(inputs + attention_output_1)
        return out_1


class PositionalEmbedding(layers.Layer):
    def __init__(self, sequence_length, vocab_size, embed_dim, **kwargs):
        super().__init__(**kwargs)
        self.token_embeddings = layers.Embedding(
            input_dim=vocab_size, output_dim=embed_dim
        )
        self.position_embeddings = layers.Embedding(
            input_dim=sequence_length, output_dim=embed_dim
        )
        self.sequence_length = sequence_length
        self.vocab_size = vocab_size
        self.embed_dim = embed_dim
        self.embed_scale = tf.math.sqrt(tf.cast(embed_dim, tf.float32))

    def call(self, inputs):
        length = tf.shape(inputs)[-1]
        positions = tf.range(start=0, limit=length, delta=1)
        embedded_tokens = self.token_embeddings(inputs)
        embedded_tokens = embedded_tokens * self.embed_scale
        embedded_positions = self.position_embeddings(positions)
        return embedded_tokens + embedded_positions

    def compute_mask(self, inputs, mask=None):
        return tf.math.not_equal(inputs, 0)


class TransformerDecoderBlock(layers.Layer):
    def __init__(self, embed_dim, ff_dim, num_heads, **kwargs):
        super().__init__(**kwargs)
        self.embed_dim = embed_dim
        self.ff_dim = ff_dim
        self.num_heads = num_heads
        self.attention_1 = layers.MultiHeadAttention(
            num_heads=num_heads, key_dim=embed_dim, dropout=0.1
        )
        self.attention_2 = layers.MultiHeadAttention(
            num_heads=num_heads, key_dim=embed_dim, dropout=0.1
        )
        self.ffn_layer_1 = layers.Dense(ff_dim, activation="relu")
        self.ffn_layer_2 = layers.Dense(embed_dim)

        self.layernorm_1 = layers.LayerNormalization()
        self.layernorm_2 = layers.LayerNormalization()
        self.layernorm_3 = layers.LayerNormalization()

        self.embedding = PositionalEmbedding(
            embed_dim=EMBED_DIM,
            sequence_length=SEQ_LENGTH,
            vocab_size=VOCAB_SIZE,
        )
        self.out = layers.Dense(VOCAB_SIZE, activation="softmax")

        self.dropout_1 = layers.Dropout(0.3)
        self.dropout_2 = layers.Dropout(0.5)
        self.supports_masking = True

    def call(self, inputs, encoder_outputs, training, mask=None):
        inputs = self.embedding(inputs)
        causal_mask = self.get_causal_attention_mask(inputs)

        if mask is not None:
            padding_mask = tf.cast(mask[:, :, tf.newaxis], dtype=tf.int32)
            combined_mask = tf.cast(mask[:, tf.newaxis, :], dtype=tf.int32)
            combined_mask = tf.minimum(combined_mask, causal_mask)

        attention_output_1 = self.attention_1(
            query=inputs,
            value=inputs,
            key=inputs,
            attention_mask=combined_mask,
            training=training,
        )
        out_1 = self.layernorm_1(inputs + attention_output_1)

        attention_output_2 = self.attention_2(
            query=out_1,
            value=encoder_outputs,
            key=encoder_outputs,
            attention_mask=padding_mask,
            training=training,
        )
        out_2 = self.layernorm_2(out_1 + attention_output_2)

        ffn_out = self.ffn_layer_1(out_2)
        ffn_out = self.dropout_1(ffn_out, training=training)
        ffn_out = self.ffn_layer_2(ffn_out)

        ffn_out = self.layernorm_3(ffn_out + out_2, training=training)
        ffn_out = self.dropout_2(ffn_out, training=training)
        preds = self.out(ffn_out)
        return preds

    def get_causal_attention_mask(self, inputs):
        input_shape = tf.shape(inputs)
        batch_size, sequence_length = input_shape[0], input_shape[1]
        i = tf.range(sequence_length)[:, tf.newaxis]
        j = tf.range(sequence_length)
        mask = tf.cast(i >= j, dtype="int32")
        mask = tf.reshape(mask, (1, input_shape[1], input_shape[1]))
        mult = tf.concat(
            [
                tf.expand_dims(batch_size, -1),
                tf.constant([1, 1], dtype=tf.int32),
            ],
            axis=0,
        )
        return tf.tile(mask, mult)


class ImageCaptioningModel(keras.Model):
    def __init__(
        self,
        cnn_model,
        encoder,
        decoder,
        num_captions_per_image=5,
        image_aug=None,
    ):
        super().__init__()
        self.cnn_model = cnn_model
        self.encoder = encoder
        self.decoder = decoder
        self.loss_tracker = keras.metrics.Mean(name="loss")
        self.acc_tracker = keras.metrics.Mean(name="accuracy")
        self.num_captions_per_image = num_captions_per_image
        self.image_aug = image_aug

    def calculate_loss(self, y_true, y_pred, mask):
        loss = self.loss(y_true, y_pred)
        mask = tf.cast(mask, dtype=loss.dtype)
        loss *= mask
        return tf.reduce_sum(loss) / tf.reduce_sum(mask)

    def calculate_accuracy(self, y_true, y_pred, mask):
        accuracy = tf.equal(y_true, tf.argmax(y_pred, axis=2))
        accuracy = tf.math.logical_and(mask, accuracy)
        accuracy = tf.cast(accuracy, dtype=tf.float32)
        mask = tf.cast(mask, dtype=tf.float32)
        return tf.reduce_sum(accuracy) / tf.reduce_sum(mask)

    def _compute_caption_loss_and_acc(self, img_embed, batch_seq, training=True):
        encoder_out = self.encoder(img_embed, training=training)
        batch_seq_inp = batch_seq[:, :-1]
        batch_seq_true = batch_seq[:, 1:]
        mask = tf.math.not_equal(batch_seq_true, 0)
        batch_seq_pred = self.decoder(
            batch_seq_inp, encoder_out, training=training, mask=mask
        )
        loss = self.calculate_loss(batch_seq_true, batch_seq_pred, mask)
        acc = self.calculate_accuracy(batch_seq_true, batch_seq_pred, mask)
        return loss, acc

    def train_step(self, batch_data):
        batch_img, batch_seq = batch_data
        batch_loss = 0
        batch_acc = 0

        if self.image_aug:
            batch_img = self.image_aug(batch_img)

        # 1. Get image embeddings
        img_embed = self.cnn_model(batch_img)

        # 2. Pass each of the five captions one by one to the decoder
        # along with the encoder outputs and compute the loss as well as accuracy
        # for each caption.
        for i in range(self.num_captions_per_image):
            with tf.GradientTape() as tape:
                loss, acc = self._compute_caption_loss_and_acc(
                    img_embed, batch_seq[:, i, :], training=True
                )

                # 3. Update loss and accuracy
                batch_loss += loss
                batch_acc += acc

            # 4. Get the list of all the trainable weights
            train_vars = (
                self.encoder.trainable_variables + self.decoder.trainable_variables
            )

            # 5. Get the gradients
            grads = tape.gradient(loss, train_vars)

            # 6. Update the trainable weights
            self.optimizer.apply_gradients(zip(grads, train_vars))

        # 7. Update the trackers
        batch_acc /= float(self.num_captions_per_image)
        self.loss_tracker.update_state(batch_loss)
        self.acc_tracker.update_state(batch_acc)

        # 8. Return the loss and accuracy values
        return {
            "loss": self.loss_tracker.result(),
            "acc": self.acc_tracker.result(),
        }

    def test_step(self, batch_data):
        batch_img, batch_seq = batch_data
        batch_loss = 0
        batch_acc = 0

        # 1. Get image embeddings
        img_embed = self.cnn_model(batch_img)

        # 2. Pass each of the five captions one by one to the decoder
        # along with the encoder outputs and compute the loss as well as accuracy
        # for each caption.
        for i in range(self.num_captions_per_image):
            loss, acc = self._compute_caption_loss_and_acc(
                img_embed, batch_seq[:, i, :], training=False
            )

            # 3. Update batch loss and batch accuracy
            batch_loss += loss
            batch_acc += acc

        batch_acc /= float(self.num_captions_per_image)

        # 4. Update the trackers
        self.loss_tracker.update_state(batch_loss)
        self.acc_tracker.update_state(batch_acc)

        # 5. Return the loss and accuracy values
        return {
            "loss": self.loss_tracker.result(),
            "acc": self.acc_tracker.result(),
        }

    @property
    def metrics(self):
        # We need to list our metrics here so the `reset_states()` can be
        # called automatically.
        return [self.loss_tracker, self.acc_tracker]


strip_chars = "!\"#$%&'()*+,-./:;<=>?@[\]^_`{|}~"
strip_chars = strip_chars.replace("<", "")
strip_chars = strip_chars.replace(">", "")


def custom_standardization(input_string):
    lowercase = tf.strings.lower(input_string)
    return tf.strings.regex_replace(lowercase, "[%s]" % re.escape(strip_chars), "")


vectorization = TextVectorization(
    max_tokens=VOCAB_SIZE,
    output_mode="int",
    output_sequence_length=SEQ_LENGTH,
    standardize=custom_standardization,
)


def generate_caption(caption_model: None):
    # Select a random image from the validation dataset
    # sample_img = np.random.choice(valid_images)

    # # Read the image from the disk
    # sample_img = decode_and_resize(sample_img)
    # img = sample_img.numpy().clip(0, 255).astype(np.uint8)
    # plt.imshow(img)
    # plt.show()

    # Pass the image to the CNN
    # img = tf.expand_dims(sample_img, 0)
    # TOOD
    img = None
    img = caption_model.cnn_model(img)

    # Pass the image features to the Transformer encoder
    encoded_img = caption_model.encoder(img, training=False)

    # Generate the caption using the Transformer decoder
    decoded_caption = "<start> "
    vocab = vectorization.get_vocabulary()
    index_lookup = dict(zip(range(len(vocab)), vocab))
    max_decoded_sentence_length = SEQ_LENGTH - 1
    for i in range(max_decoded_sentence_length):
        tokenized_caption = vectorization([decoded_caption])[:, :-1]
        mask = tf.math.not_equal(tokenized_caption, 0)
        predictions = caption_model.decoder(
            tokenized_caption, encoded_img, training=False, mask=mask
        )
        sampled_token_index = np.argmax(predictions[0, i, :])
        sampled_token = index_lookup[sampled_token_index]
        if sampled_token == "<end>":
            break
        decoded_caption += " " + sampled_token

    decoded_caption = decoded_caption.replace("<start> ", "")
    decoded_caption = decoded_caption.replace(" <end>", "").strip()
    print("Predicted Caption: ", decoded_caption)