document: Our group has constructed RNA-loaded Qβ VLPs with cell-penetrating peptides and apolipoprotein E (ApoE) modification to aid VLPs in crossing the blood-brain barrier and targeting malignant brain tumours.26 However, the distribution of carried RNA in cells is difficult to monitor, and its processing by Dicer in cells cannot be monitored in real time by fluorescence microscopy thus far. At present, we can only use the Northern blotting method to analyse the status of RNA cleavage by Dicer enzyme,