document: A sagittal incision in the skin overlying the calvarium was created. U87MG cell implantation was performed by creating a hole in the exposed cranium 1.5 mm anterior and 2 mm lateral to the bregma using a 27G needle. A total volume of 5 μL of U87MG cell suspension (1×105 cell/μL) was injected at a depth of 3 mm from the brain surface over a 5-min period. The needle was withdrawn over 2 min. MRI was performed to monitor brain tumour growth for 7 days after tumour cell implantation.