document: Glioblastomas (GBMs) are primary brain tumours characterized by aggressive growth and rapid recurrence.1 Newly diagnosed GBM patients who receive debulking surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy combined with temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy, both treatments inducing DNA damage,2 have an average survival of 14.6 months.3 Despite aggressive treatment, patients always succumb to recurrence-related death, especially radiation resistance. Radiation resistance in GBMs is generally attributed to the hypoxic