document: of the urinary tract (Babjuk et al., 2013). By contrast, UTUCs are uncommon and account for only 5–10% of UCs (Munoz et al., 2000). RCCs are approximately twice as common as ureteral cancer. In 17% of cases, concurrent BC is present (Cosentino et al., 2013). Recurrence in the bladder occurs in 22–47% of patients with UTUCs (Seisen et al., 2015), compared with 2–6% in the contralateral upper tract (Li et al., 2010). Approximately 60% of UTUCs are invasive at diagnosis compared with 15–25% of BCs