document: by transplantation of U87MG cells into mouse brains. Briefly, cultured U87MG cells (5 × 105 cells/mouse) were injected over a 2-min period into the brain using a syringe, and needle withdrawal was conducted over another period of 0.5 min. A total of 50 mice were used, and the experiments were divided into five groups. In Group 1 (n =10), the mice received no further treatment after transplantation of U87MG cells, and these mice served as the control. In Group 2 (n =10), the mice received TrQβ