document: The 5-year survival rate for these patients with primary tumor stage (pT)2–pT4 tumors is 46–63%, and in cases caused by metastasis, the rate decreases to only 15%. By contrast, the 5-year survival rate for patients with BC is approximately 88–98% for pTa and pT1 tumors, but recurrence occurs in 50–70% of patients after the initial transurethral resection (Mitra et al., 2009; Shin et al., 2013). Therefore, regular follow-up is necessary for the surveillance of tumor recurrence and progression