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control_points.rst.txt

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+
+**************
+Control Points
+**************
+
+Extrude Curve and Move
+======================
+
+.. admonition:: Reference
+   :class: refbox
+
+   :Mode:      Edit Mode
+   :Menu:      :menuselection:`Surface --> Extrude Curve and Move`
+   :Hotkey:    :kbd:`E`
+
+Unlike meshes or curves, you cannot generally directly add new control points to a surface,
+as you can only extend a surface by adding a whole U or V row at once.
+The only exception is when working on a NURBS surface curve, i.e.
+a surface with only one control point on each U or V row. In this special case,
+all works exactly as with :ref:`curves <modeling-curves-extrude>`.
+
+Most of the time, only extrusion is available. As usual, once the tool is activated
+the extrusion happens immediately and you are placed into *select mode*,
+ready to drag the new extruded surface to its destination.
+
+There are two things very important to understand:
+
+#. Surfaces are *2D* objects. So you cannot extrude anything *inside* a surface
+   (e.g. "inner" row); it would not make any sense!
+#. The control "grid" *must* remain "squarish",
+   which means that you can only extrude a whole row, not parts of rows here and there...
+
+To summarize, the *Extrude* tool will only work, when one and only one whole border
+row is selected, otherwise nothing happens.
+
+.. note::
+
+   As for curves, you cannot create a new surface in your object out of nowhere.
+   However, unlike for curves, there is no "cut" option allowing you to separate a surface into several parts,
+   so you only can create a new surface by :ref:`Duplicating <modeling_surface_editing_duplicating>`
+   an existing one, or adding a new one with the *Add* menu.
+
+
+Examples
+--------
+
+Images Fig. :ref:`fig-surface-edit-select-point` to Fig. :ref:`fig-surface-edit-extruding`
+show a typical extrusion along the side of a surface.
+
+In Fig. :ref:`fig-surface-edit-select-point` and :ref:`fig-surface-edit-select-row`,
+a border row of control points were highlighted by selecting a single control point,
+and then using :ref:`bpy.ops.curve.select_row` to select the rest of the control points.
+
+.. list-table::
+
+   * - .. _fig-surface-edit-select-point:
+
+       .. figure:: /images/modeling_surfaces_editing_selecting-point.png
+
+          Selecting control point.
+
+     - .. _fig-surface-edit-select-row:
+
+       .. figure:: /images/modeling_surfaces_editing_selecting-row.png
+
+          Select Control Point Row.
+
+The edge is then extruded as shown in Fig. :ref:`fig-surface-edit-extruding`.
+Notice how the mesh has bunched up next to the highlighted edge.
+That is because the *new* extruded surface section is bunched up there as well.
+
+.. _fig-surface-edit-extruding:
+
+.. figure:: /images/modeling_surfaces_editing_extruding.png
+
+   Extruding.
+
+By moving the new section away from the area, the surface begins to "unbunch".
+
+You can continue this process of extruding or adding new surface sections
+until you have reached the final shape for your model.
+
+
+Make Segment
+============
+
+.. admonition:: Reference
+   :class: refbox
+
+   :Mode:      Edit Mode
+   :Menu:      :menuselection:`Surface --> Make Segment`
+   :Hotkey:    :kbd:`F`
+
+Just like :ref:`curves <modeling-curves-make-segment>`,
+merging two surfaces requires that a single edge, a border row of control points,
+from two separate surfaces is selected. This means that the surfaces must be part of the same object.
+For example, you cannot join two surfaces while in *Object Mode* -- but you can of course,
+as with any objects of the same type, :ref:`join <bpy.ops.object.join>`
+two or more *Surface* objects -- they just will not be "linked" or merged in a single one.
+
+This tool is equivalent to creating edges or faces for meshes (hence its shortcut).
+The selection must contain only border rows of the same resolution
+(with the same number of control points),
+else Blender will try to do its best to guess what to merge with what,
+or the merge will fail (either silently, or stating that ``Resolution does not match``
+if rows with different number of points are selected, or that there is ``Too few selections to merge``
+if you only selected points in one surface...). To select control points of different surfaces,
+in the same object, you must use either box select or circle select; :kbd:`Ctrl-LMB` will not work.
+
+So to avoid problems, you should always only select border rows with the same number of
+points... Note that you can join a border U row of one surface with a border V row of another
+one, Blender will automatically "invert" the axis of one surface for them to match correctly.
+
+NURBS surface curves are often used to create objects like hulls,
+as they define cross sections all along the object,
+and you just have to "skin" them as described above to get a nice, smooth and harmonious shape.
+
+
+Examples
+--------
+
+Fig. :ref:`fig-surface-edit-join-ready` is an example of two NURBS surface curves,
+**not** NURBS curves, in *Edit Mode*, ready to be joined.
+Fig. :ref:`fig-surface-edit-join-complete` is the result of joining the two curves.
+
+.. list-table::
+
+   * - .. _fig-surface-edit-join-ready:
+
+       .. figure:: /images/modeling_surfaces_editing_joining-ready.png
+
+          Joining ready.
+
+     - .. _fig-surface-edit-join-complete:
+
+       .. figure:: /images/modeling_surfaces_editing_joining-complete.png
+
+          Joining complete.
+
+
+Smooth
+======
+
+.. admonition:: Reference
+   :class: refbox
+
+   :Mode:      Edit Mode
+   :Menu:      :menuselection:`Surface --> Control Points --> Smooth`
+
+Iteratively smooths the selected control points
+by reducing the distance between neighboring control points.
+
+
+Hooks
+=====
+
+.. admonition:: Reference
+   :class: refbox
+
+   :Mode:      Edit Mode
+   :Menu:      :menuselection:`Surface --> Control Points --> Hooks`
+   :Hotkey:    :kbd:`Ctrl-H`
+
+:doc:`Hooks </modeling/modifiers/deform/hooks>` can be added to control one or more points with other objects.
+
+
+Make Vertex Parent
+==================
+
+.. admonition:: Reference
+   :class: refbox
+
+   :Mode:      Edit Mode
+   :Menu:      :menuselection:`Surface --> Control Points --> Make Vertex Parent`
+   :Hotkey:    :kbd:`Ctrl-P`
+
+You can make other selected objects :ref:`children <object-parenting>`
+of one or three control points, as with mesh objects.
+
+To select a mesh (that is in view) while editing a surface, :kbd:`Ctrl-P` click on it.
+Select either one or three control points,
+then :kbd:`Ctrl-LMB` the object and use :kbd:`Ctrl-P` to make a vertex parent.
+Selecting three control points will make the child follow
+the median point between the three vertices. An alternative would be to use
+a :doc:`Child of Constraint </animation/constraints/relationship/child_of>`.
+See also the :doc:`Curve Modifier </modeling/modifiers/deform/curve>`.

index.rst.txt

@@ -1,10 +1,13 @@
 
-##############
-  Properties
-##############
+###########
+  Editing
+###########
 
 .. toctree::
    :maxdepth: 2
 
-   shape.rst
-   active_spline.rst
+   transform_panel.rst
+   surface.rst
+   control_points.rst
+   segments.rst
+   other.rst

other.rst.txt

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+
+*****
+Other
+*****
+
+Conversion
+==========
+
+As there are only NURBS surfaces, there is no "internal" conversion here.
+
+However, there is an "external" conversion available, from surface to mesh,
+that only works in *Object Mode*.
+It transforms a *Surface* object into a *Mesh* one,
+using the surface resolutions in both directions to create faces, edges and vertices.

segments.rst.txt

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+
+********
+Segments
+********
+
+Subdivision
+===========
+
+.. admonition:: Reference
+   :class: refbox
+
+   :Mode:      Edit Mode
+   :Menu:      :menuselection:`Surface --> Segments --> Subdivide`
+
+The *Subdivision* operator simply subdivides all selected segments
+by adding one or more control points between the selected segments.
+Selected grids will be split into four smaller ones.
+
+If used on a 1D surface (a "surface curve"),
+this tool works exactly as with :ref:`curves <modeling-curves-subdivision>`.
+
+Number of Cuts
+   The number of subdivisions to perform.
+
+
+.. _modeling_surfaces_editing_segments_switch-direction:
+
+Switch Direction
+================
+
+.. admonition:: Reference
+   :class: refbox
+
+   :Mode:      Edit Mode
+   :Menu:      :menuselection:`Surface --> Segments --> Switch Direction`
+
+This tool will "reverse" the direction of any curve with at least one selected element
+(i.e. the start point will become the end one, and *vice versa*).
+Mainly useful when using a curve as path, or the bevel and taper options...

surface.rst.txt

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+
+*******
+Surface
+*******
+
+Surface editing has even fewer tools and options than its curve counterpart,
+but has many common points with it...
+So this page covers (or tries to cover) all the subjects,
+from the basics of surface editing to more advanced topics, like retopology.
+
+
+Transform
+=========
+
+.. admonition:: Reference
+   :class: refbox
+
+   :Mode:      Edit Mode
+   :Menu:      :menuselection:`Surface --> Transform`
+
+A surface can be edited by transforming the locations of the control points.
+
+Move, Rotate, Scale
+   Like other elements in Blender, control points can be
+   moved, rotated, or scaled as described in
+   :doc:`Basic Transformations </scene_layout/object/editing/transform/introduction>`.
+To Sphere, Shear, Warp, Bend, Push/Pull, Warp, Randomize
+   These transform tools are described in
+   the :doc:`Transformations </modeling/meshes/editing/transform/index>` sections.
+Move/Scale Texture Space
+   Like other objects, surfaces have textures spaces which can be
+   :ref:`edited <properties-texture-space-editing>`.
+
+
+Mirror
+======
+
+.. admonition:: Reference
+   :class: refbox
+
+   :Mode:      Edit Mode
+   :Menu:      :menuselection:`Curve --> Mirror`
+   :Hotkey:    :kbd:`Ctrl-M`
+
+The *Mirror* tool is also available, behaving exactly as with
+:doc:`mesh vertices </modeling/meshes/editing/transform/mirror>`.
+
+
+Snap
+====
+
+.. admonition:: Reference
+   :class: refbox
+
+   :Mode:      Edit Mode
+   :Menu:      :menuselection:`Curve --> Snap`
+   :Hotkey:    :kbd:`Shift-S`
+
+:doc:`Mesh snapping </scene_layout/object/editing/transform/control/snap>`
+also works with control points, except for within itself (other components of the active spline).
+Snapping works with 2D surfaces but points will be constrained to the local XY axes.
+
+
+.. _bpy.ops.curve.spin:
+
+Spin
+====
+
+.. admonition:: Reference
+   :class: refbox
+
+   :Mode:      Edit Mode
+   :Menu:      :menuselection:`Surface --> Spin`
+
+This tool is a bit similar to its :doc:`mesh counterpart </modeling/meshes/editing/duplicating/spin>`
+but with less control and options (in fact, there is none!).
+
+It only works on selected "surfaces" made of *one U row* (and not with one V row),
+so-called "surface curves", by "extruding" this "cross section" in a square pattern,
+automatically adjusting the weights of control points to get a perfect circular extrusion
+(this also implies closing the surface along the V axis), following exactly the same principle
+as for the *NURBS Tube* or *NURBS Donut* primitives.
+
+
+.. _modeling_surface_editing_duplicating:
+
+Add Duplicate
+=============
+
+.. admonition:: Reference
+   :class: refbox
+
+   :Mode:      Edit Mode
+   :Menu:      :menuselection:`Surface --> Add Duplicate`
+   :Hotkey:    :kbd:`Shift-D`
+
+Similar as with meshes and curves, this tool duplicates the selection.
+The copy is selected and placed in move mode, so you can move it to another place.
+
+However, with surfaces there are some selections that cannot be duplicated,
+in which case they will just be placed in move mode... In fact,
+only selections forming a *single* valid sub-grid are copyable; let us see this in practice:
+
+- You can copy a single control point.
+  From it, you will be able to "extrude" a "surface curve" along the U axis,
+  and then extrude this unique U row along the V axis to create a real new surface.
+- You can copy a single continuous part of a row (or a whole row, of course).
+  This will give you a new *U row*, even if you selected (part of) a V row!
+- You can copy a single whole sub-grid.
+
+.. note::
+
+   Trying to duplicate several valid "sub-grids" (even being single points)
+   at once will not work; you will have to do it one after the other...
+
+
+Split
+=====
+
+.. admonition:: Reference
+   :class: refbox
+
+   :Mode:      Edit Mode
+   :Menu:      :menuselection:`Surface --> Split`
+   :Hotkey:    :kbd:`Y`
+
+The *Split* operator splits a selected segment of a surface from the rest of the surface.
+This segment can then be moved or altered without affecting the other surface.
+If a single control point is selected the *Split* operator will create a new singular loose control point;
+leaving the previously selected control point attached to the rest of the surface.
+
+
+Separate
+========
+
+.. admonition:: Reference
+   :class: refbox
+
+   :Mode:      Edit Mode
+   :Menu:      :menuselection:`Surface --> Separate`
+   :Hotkey:    :kbd:`P`
+
+Surface objects that are made of multiple distinct parts can be separated into their own
+objects by selecting the desired segments and using *Separate*.
+Note, if there is only one surface in a surface object,
+*Separate* will create a new surface object with no control points.
+
+
+Toggle Cyclic
+=============
+
+.. admonition:: Reference
+   :class: refbox
+
+   :Mode:      Edit Mode
+   :Menu:      :menuselection:`Surface --> Toggle Cyclic`
+   :Hotkey:    :kbd:`Alt-C`
+
+As in :ref:`curves <modeling-curves-toggle-cyclic>`,
+surfaces can be closed (cyclic) or open. However, as surfaces are 2D,
+you can control this property independently along the U and V axes.
+
+To toggle the cyclic property of a surface along one axis,
+use *Toggle Cyclic* and choose either *Cyclic U* or *Cyclic V* from the pop-up menu.
+The corresponding surface's outer edges will join together to form a "closed" surface.
+
+.. note:: Inner and Outer
+
+   Surfaces have an "inner" and "outer" face, the first being black whereas the latter is correctly shaded.
+   When you close a surface in one or two directions, you might get an entirely black object! In this case,
+   just :ref:`Switch Direction <modeling_surfaces_editing_segments_switch-direction>` of the surface.
+
+
+Set Spline Type
+===============
+
+.. admonition:: Reference
+   :class: refbox
+
+   :Mode:      Edit Mode
+   :Menu:      :menuselection:`Surface --> Set Spline Type`
+
+This feature only works for :doc:`Curves </modeling/curves/index>`.
+
+
+Show/Hide
+=========
+
+.. admonition:: Reference
+   :class: refbox
+
+   :Mode:      Edit Mode
+   :Menu:      :menuselection:`Curve --> Show/Hide`
+   :Hotkey:    :kbd:`Alt-H`, :kbd:`H`, :kbd:`Shift-H`
+
+When in *Edit Mode*, you can hide and reveal elements from the display.
+You can only show or hide control points, as segments are always shown,
+unless all control points of the connected surface are hidden,
+in which case the surface is fully hidden.
+
+.. seealso::
+
+   See :ref:`object-show-hide` in *Object Mode*.
+
+
+Cleanup
+=======
+
+.. admonition:: Reference
+   :class: refbox
+
+   :Mode:      Edit Mode
+   :Menu:      :menuselection:`Surface --> Cleanup`
+
+This feature only works for :doc:`Curves </modeling/curves/index>`.
+
+
+Delete
+======
+
+.. admonition:: Reference
+   :class: refbox
+
+   :Mode:      Edit Mode
+   :Menu:      :menuselection:`Surface --> Delete`
+   :Hotkey:    :kbd:`X`, :kbd:`Delete`
+
+The selection must abide by the following rules:
+
+- Whole rows, and only whole rows must be selected.
+- Only rows along the same axis must be selected (i.e. you cannot delete both U and V rows at the same time).
+
+Also remember that NURBS order cannot be higher than its number of control points in a given axis,
+so it might decrease when you delete some control points...
+Of course, when only one row remains, the surface becomes a "surface curve"; when only one point remains,
+there is no more visible surface; and when all points are deleted, the surface itself is deleted.
+
+Vertices
+   This will delete the selected rows, *without* breaking the surface
+   (i.e. the adjacent rows will be directly linked, joined, once the intermediary ones are deleted).
+   Remember that NURBS order cannot be higher than its number of control points,
+   so it might decrease when you delete some control point.
+   Of course, when only one point remains, there is no more visible curve,
+   and when all points are deleted, the curve itself is deleted.
+Segment
+   Deletes the segment that connects the selected control points and disconnecting them.
+Dissolve Vertices :kbd:`Ctrl-X`
+   This feature only works for :doc:`Curves </modeling/curves/index>`.
+
+
+Example
+-------
+
+In the image below (left), a row of control points has been selected by initially selecting
+the one control point and using :ref:`bpy.ops.curve.select_row` to select the remaining
+control points. Then, using `Delete`_ *Vertices*,
+the selected row of control points is erased, resulting in the image below (right).
+
+.. figure:: /images/modeling_surfaces_editing_deleting.png
+
+   Before and after.

transform_panel.rst.txt

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+
+***************
+Transform Panel
+***************
+
+.. admonition:: Reference
+   :class: refbox
+
+   :Mode:      Edit Mode
+   :Panel:     :menuselection:`Sidebar --> Transform`
+
+When nothing is selected, the panel is empty.
+When more than one control point is selected, the median values are edited
+and "Median" is added in front of the labels.
+
+Control Point, Median
+   The first controls (X, Y, Z) show the coordinates of the selected point or handle (vertex).
+   The last control (W), defines the :ref:`weight <modeling-surfaces-weight>`
+   of the selected control point or the median weight.
+Space
+   The Space radio buttons let you choose if those coordinates are relative to
+   the object origin (local) or the global origin (global).
+
+   Global, Local
+
+.. _surface-goal-weight:
+
+Weight
+   Controls the "goal weight" of selected control points,
+   which is used when a surface has :doc:`Soft Body </physics/soft_body/index>` physics,
+   forcing the surface to "stick" to their original positions, based on the weight.
+Radius
+   Surface objects do not have a *Radius* property, this value has no effect.
+Tilt
+   Surface objects do not have a *Radius* property, this value has no effect.