# setwd("~/Downloads")

options(error = NULL)
library(shiny)
library(shinydashboard)
library(dplyr)
library(readr)
library(sf)
library(rnaturalearth)
library(rnaturalearthdata)
library(countrycode)
library(leaflet)     # <-- For OpenStreetMap-based map

# =============================
#            UI
# =============================
ui <- dashboardPage(
  skin = "black",
  dashboardHeader(
    title = span(
      style = "font-weight: 600; font-size: 13px;",
      a(
        href = "http://www.globalleadershipproject.net", 
        "GlobalLeadershipProject.net", 
        target = "_blank",
        style = "color: white; text-decoration: underline;"
      )
    )
  ),
  dashboardSidebar(
    sidebarMenu(
      menuItem("Map Type", tabName = "cartogramTab", icon = icon("globe"))
    ),
    div(
      style = "margin: 15px;",
      selectInput(
        inputId = "indexChoice",
        label = "Select Representation Index:",
        choices = c("Overall", "RepresentationGap", "Ethnicity",
                    "Gender", "Religion", "Language"),
        selected = "Overall"
      )
    ),
    
    # ---- Minimal "Share" button HTML + JS inlined ----
    tags$div(
      style = "text-align: left; margin: 1em 0 1em 2em;",
      HTML('
        <button id="share-button" 
                style="
                  display: inline-flex;
                  align-items: center;
                  justify-content: center;
                  gap: 8px; 
                  padding: 5px 10px;
                  font-size: 16px;
                  font-weight: normal;
                  color: #000;
                  background-color: #fff;
                  border: 1px solid #ddd;
                  border-radius: 6px;
                  cursor: pointer;
                  box-shadow: 0 1.5px 0 #000;
                ">
          <svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" 
               stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round">
            <circle cx="18" cy="5" r="3"></circle>
            <circle cx="6" cy="12" r="3"></circle>
            <circle cx="18" cy="19" r="3"></circle>
            <line x1="8.59" y1="13.51" x2="15.42" y2="17.49"></line>
            <line x1="15.41" y1="6.51" x2="8.59" y2="10.49"></line>
          </svg>
          <strong>Share</strong>
        </button>
      '),
      tags$script(
        HTML("
          (function() {
            const shareBtn = document.getElementById('share-button');
            // Reusable helper function to show a small “Copied!” message
            function showCopyNotification() {
              const notification = document.createElement('div');
              notification.innerText = 'Copied to clipboard';
              notification.style.position = 'fixed';
              notification.style.bottom = '20px';
              notification.style.right = '20px';
              notification.style.backgroundColor = 'rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8)';
              notification.style.color = '#fff';
              notification.style.padding = '8px 12px';
              notification.style.borderRadius = '4px';
              notification.style.zIndex = '9999';
              document.body.appendChild(notification);
              setTimeout(() => { notification.remove(); }, 2000);
            }
            shareBtn.addEventListener('click', function() {
              const currentURL = window.location.href;
              const pageTitle  = document.title || 'Check this out!';
              // If browser supports Web Share API
              if (navigator.share) {
                navigator.share({
                  title: pageTitle,
                  text: '',
                  url: currentURL
                })
                .catch((error) => {
                  console.log('Sharing failed', error);
                });
              } else {
                // Fallback: Copy URL
                if (navigator.clipboard && navigator.clipboard.writeText) {
                  navigator.clipboard.writeText(currentURL).then(() => {
                    showCopyNotification();
                  }, (err) => {
                    console.error('Could not copy text: ', err);
                  });
                } else {
                  // Double fallback for older browsers
                  const textArea = document.createElement('textarea');
                  textArea.value = currentURL;
                  document.body.appendChild(textArea);
                  textArea.select();
                  try {
                    document.execCommand('copy');
                    showCopyNotification();
                  } catch (err) {
                    alert('Please copy this link:\\n' + currentURL);
                  }
                  document.body.removeChild(textArea);
                }
              }
            });
          })();
        ")
      )
    )
    # ---- End: Minimal Share button snippet ----
  ),
  dashboardBody(
    tags$head(
      tags$link(
        href = "https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=OCR+A+Extended&display=swap",
        rel = "stylesheet"
      ),
      tags$style(HTML("
        /* Force OCR A Extended font across the entire UI and all HTML elements */
        html, body, h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, p, div, span, label, input, button, select,
        .box, .content-wrapper, .main-sidebar, .main-header .navbar, .main-header .logo,
        .sidebar-menu, .sidebar-menu li a, .sidebar-menu .fa {
          font-family: 'OCR A Extended', monospace !important;
        }
        
        /* Header gradient background */
        .main-header .navbar {
          background: linear-gradient(to right, #3b6978, #204051) !important;
        }
        /* Logo area (left corner of the header) */
        .main-header .logo {
          background: #1b2a2f !important;
          color: #ffffff !important;
          border-bottom: none;
          font-size: 18px;
          font-weight: 600;
        }
        /* Sidebar background */
        .main-sidebar {
          background-color: #1b2a2f !important;
        }
        /* Active or hovered tab in the sidebar */
        .sidebar-menu > li.active > a,
        .sidebar-menu > li:hover > a {
          background-color: #344e5c !important;
          border-left-color: #78cdd7 !important;
          color: #ffffff !important;
        }
        
        /* Sidebar menu item icons */
        .sidebar-menu .fa {
          color: #78cdd7 !important;
        }
        
        /* Sidebar menu item text */
        .sidebar-menu > li > a {
          color: #b8c7ce !important;
          font-size: 15px;
          font-weight: 500;
        }
        
        /* Customize the boxes */
        .box {
          border-top: none !important;
          box-shadow: 0 4px 8px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);
          border-radius: 6px;
        }
        .box.box-solid > .box-header {
          background-color: #204051;
          color: #fff;
          border-radius: 6px 6px 0 0;
        }
        /* Plot box spacing */
        .box .box-body {
          padding: 0 !important;
        }
        /* Footer text styling (plot captions, etc.) */
        .small, small {
          font-size: 75%;
        }
        /* Responsive map container */
        .map-container {
          height: 70vh;  
          width: 100%;
        }
        @media (max-width: 768px) {
          .map-container {
            height: 50vh;  
          }
        }
      "))
    ),
    tabItem(
      tabName = "cartogramTab",
      fluidRow(
        column(
          width = 9,
          box(
            width = NULL,
            title = strong("Country-level Representation"),
            solidHeader = TRUE,
            div(
              class = "map-container",
              leafletOutput("cartogramPlot", width = "100%", height = "100%")
            )
          )
        ),
        
        column(
          width = 3,
          box(
            width = NULL,
            title = strong("Selected Country Data"),
            solidHeader = TRUE,
            uiOutput("selectedCountryData"),
            style = "overflow-y: auto;"  # Scroll if content overflows
          )
        )
      ),
      
      fluidRow(
        column(
          width = 9,
          box(
            width = NULL,
            title = strong("Citation"),
            solidHeader = TRUE,
            
            tags$p(
              "John Gerring, Alan Hicken, Connor T. Jerzak, Erzen Öncel. 
               The Composition of Descriptive Representation. ",
              em("American Political Science Review,"), " 118(2): 784–801, 2024.",
              tags$a(
                href = "https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/7EAEA1CA4C553AB9D76054D1FA9C0840/S0003055423000680a.pdf/the-composition-of-descriptive-representation.pdf",
                "PDF",
                target = "_blank"
              ),
              " | ",
              tags$a(
                href = "https://connorjerzak.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/CompositionBib.txt",
                "BibTeX",
                target = "_blank"
              ),
              " | ",
              tags$a(
                href = "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nnfDj1NdOMo",
                "YouTube",
                target = "_blank"
              )
            )
          )
        )
      )
    )
  )
)

# =============================
#          SERVER
# =============================
server <- function(input, output, session) {
  
  # 1. Custom matches for countries not recognized by default in 'countrycode'
  custom_iso_matches <- c("Kosovo" = "XKX",
                          "Somaliland" = "SOM")  # or any valid code you prefer
  
  # 2. Read CSV data and create ISO3 codes with custom matches
  rankings_data <- reactive({
    read_csv("CountryRepresentationRankings.csv", show_col_types = FALSE) %>%
      mutate(iso_a3 = countrycode(
        sourcevar     = Country,
        origin        = "country.name",
        destination   = "iso3c",
        custom_match  = custom_iso_matches
      ))
  })
  
  # 3. Read/prepare world map shapefile (still from Natural Earth),
  #    but transform to lat/lon (EPSG:4326) to align with Leaflet.
  world_sf <- reactive({
    ne_countries(scale = "medium", returnclass = "sf") %>%
      dplyr::select(name, iso_a3, pop_est, geometry) %>%
      st_transform(crs = 4326)  # Leaflet requires lat/lon
  })
  
  # 4. Create the joined sf object
  cartogram_sf <- reactive({
    merged_sf <- world_sf() %>%
      left_join(rankings_data(), by = "iso_a3")
    # Filter out countries with no data in "Overall"
    merged_sf[!is.na(merged_sf$Overall), ]
  })
  
  # 5. Create the Leaflet map with OSM tiles
  #    and dynamically add polygons based on index choice.
  
  # Initialize the leaflet map (empty) so it renders once:
  output$cartogramPlot <- renderLeaflet({
    leaflet() %>%
      addProviderTiles("OpenStreetMap.Mapnik") %>%
      setView(lng = 0, lat = 20, zoom = 2)  # A broad global view
  })
  
  # Observe changes in the chosen index and update polygons + legend
  observeEvent(input$indexChoice, {
    
    plot_data <- cartogram_sf()
    index_col <- input$indexChoice
    
    # Build a color palette based on the chosen index
    pal <- colorNumeric(
      palette = "viridis",
      domain = plot_data[[index_col]],
      na.color = "white"
    )
    
    # Construct a label/popup-like text
    labels <- sprintf(
      "<strong>Country:</strong> %s<br/>
       <strong>%s Index:</strong> %s",
      plot_data$Country,
      index_col,
      ifelse(is.na(plot_data[[index_col]]), "N/A", plot_data[[index_col]])
    ) %>% lapply(htmltools::HTML)
    
    leafletProxy("cartogramPlot", data = plot_data) %>%
      clearShapes() %>%    # clear existing polygons
      clearControls() %>%  # clear existing legends
      addPolygons(
        fillColor = ~pal(get(index_col)),
        fillOpacity = 0.7,
        color = "grey20",
        weight = 0.4,
        layerId = ~iso_a3,
        label = labels,
        highlightOptions = highlightOptions(
          color = "white",
          weight = 2,
          bringToFront = TRUE
        )
      ) %>%
      addLegend(
        position = "bottomright",
        pal = pal,
        bins = 5, 
        values = plot_data[[index_col]],
        title = paste(index_col, "Index"),
        opacity = 1
      )
  }, ignoreNULL = FALSE)  # Trigger once on startup too
  
  # Track which country was clicked
  selected_iso <- reactiveVal(NULL)
  
  observeEvent(input$cartogramPlot_shape_click, {
    click <- input$cartogramPlot_shape_click
    if (!is.null(click$id)) {
      selected_iso(click$id)
    }
  })
  
  # Reactive to fetch the selected country's data
  selected_data <- reactive({
    iso <- selected_iso()
    if (is.null(iso)) return(NULL)
    rankings_data() %>%
      filter(iso_a3 == iso)
  })
  
  # Render the selected country data in the box
  output$selectedCountryData <- renderUI({
    if (is.null(selected_data())) {
      HTML("<p>Select a country by clicking on the map.</p>")
    } else {
      data <- selected_data()
      html_content <- paste0(
        "<b>Country:</b> ", data$Country, "<br/>",
        "<b>Overall:</b> ", ifelse(is.na(data$Overall), "N/A", data$Overall), "<br/>",
        "<b>Representation Gap:</b> ", ifelse(is.na(data$RepresentationGap), "N/A", data$RepresentationGap), "<br/>",
        "<b>Ethnicity:</b> ", ifelse(is.na(data$Ethnicity), "N/A", data$Ethnicity), "<br/>",
        "<b>Gender:</b> ", ifelse(is.na(data$Gender), "N/A", data$Gender), "<br/>",
        "<b>Religion:</b> ", ifelse(is.na(data$Religion), "N/A", data$Religion), "<br/>",
        "<b>Language:</b> ", ifelse(is.na(data$Language), "N/A", data$Language)
      )
      HTML(html_content)
    }
  })
}

# =============================
#   Launch the Shiny App
# =============================
shinyApp(ui = ui, server = server)