{
  "nbformat": 4,
  "nbformat_minor": 0,
  "metadata": {
    "colab": {
      "provenance": []
    },
    "kernelspec": {
      "name": "python3",
      "display_name": "Python 3"
    },
    "language_info": {
      "name": "python"
    }
  },
  "cells": [
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": [
        "# US Population Data"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "PJ6eW22LJM_n"
      }
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": [
        "Chanin Nantasenamat, Ph.D."
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "qPXtYV6tLA7v"
      }
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": [
        "## Load data"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "xHx4uFrkJQTE"
      }
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "import pandas as pd\n",
        "\n",
        "df = pd.read_csv('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/dataprofessor/dashboard-v3/master/data/us-population-2010-2019.csv')\n",
        "df"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "JETSZBjeJPR1",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 1000
        },
        "outputId": "a3ac07ff-60c5-4a39-87e8-d0944e759c65"
      },
      "execution_count": 1,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "                  states  id        2010        2011        2012        2013  \\\n",
              "0                Alabama   1   4,785,437   4,799,069   4,815,588   4,830,081   \n",
              "1                 Alaska   2     713,910     722,128     730,443     737,068   \n",
              "2                Arizona   4   6,407,172   6,472,643   6,554,978   6,632,764   \n",
              "3               Arkansas   5   2,921,964   2,940,667   2,952,164   2,959,400   \n",
              "4             California   6  37,319,502  37,638,369  37,948,800  38,260,787   \n",
              "5               Colorado   8   5,047,349   5,121,108   5,192,647   5,269,035   \n",
              "6            Connecticut   9   3,579,114   3,588,283   3,594,547   3,594,841   \n",
              "7               Delaware  10     899,593     907,381     915,179     923,576   \n",
              "8   District of Columbia  11     605,226     619,800     634,924     650,581   \n",
              "9                Florida  12  18,845,537  19,053,237  19,297,822  19,545,621   \n",
              "10               Georgia  13   9,711,881   9,802,431   9,901,430   9,972,479   \n",
              "11                Hawaii  15   1,363,963   1,379,329   1,394,804   1,408,243   \n",
              "12                 Idaho  16   1,570,746   1,583,910   1,595,324   1,611,206   \n",
              "13              Illinois  17  12,840,503  12,867,454  12,882,510  12,895,129   \n",
              "14               Indiana  18   6,490,432   6,516,528   6,537,703   6,568,713   \n",
              "15                  Iowa  19   3,050,745   3,066,336   3,076,190   3,092,997   \n",
              "16                Kansas  20   2,858,190   2,869,225   2,885,257   2,893,212   \n",
              "17              Kentucky  21   4,348,181   4,369,821   4,386,346   4,404,659   \n",
              "18             Louisiana  22   4,544,532   4,575,625   4,600,972   4,624,527   \n",
              "19                 Maine  23   1,327,629   1,328,284   1,327,729   1,328,009   \n",
              "20              Maryland  24   5,788,645   5,839,419   5,886,992   5,923,188   \n",
              "21         Massachusetts  25   6,566,307   6,613,583   6,663,005   6,713,315   \n",
              "22              Michigan  26   9,877,510   9,882,412   9,897,145   9,913,065   \n",
              "23             Minnesota  27   5,310,828   5,346,143   5,376,643   5,413,479   \n",
              "24           Mississippi  28   2,970,548   2,978,731   2,983,816   2,988,711   \n",
              "25              Missouri  29   5,995,974   6,010,275   6,024,367   6,040,715   \n",
              "26               Montana  30     990,697     997,316   1,003,783   1,013,569   \n",
              "27              Nebraska  31   1,829,542   1,840,672   1,853,303   1,865,279   \n",
              "28                Nevada  32   2,702,405   2,712,730   2,743,996   2,775,970   \n",
              "29         New Hampshire  33   1,316,762   1,320,202   1,324,232   1,326,622   \n",
              "30            New Jersey  34   8,799,446   8,828,117   8,844,942   8,856,972   \n",
              "31            New Mexico  35   2,064,552   2,080,450   2,087,309   2,092,273   \n",
              "32              New York  36  19,399,878  19,499,241  19,572,932  19,624,447   \n",
              "33        North Carolina  37   9,574,323   9,657,592   9,749,476   9,843,336   \n",
              "34          North Dakota  38     674,715     685,225     701,176     722,036   \n",
              "35                  Ohio  39  11,539,336  11,544,663  11,548,923  11,576,684   \n",
              "36              Oklahoma  40   3,759,944   3,788,379   3,818,814   3,853,214   \n",
              "37                Oregon  41   3,837,491   3,872,036   3,899,001   3,922,468   \n",
              "38          Pennsylvania  42  12,711,160  12,745,815  12,767,118  12,776,309   \n",
              "39          Rhode Island  44   1,053,959   1,053,649   1,054,621   1,055,081   \n",
              "40        South Carolina  45   4,635,649   4,671,994   4,717,354   4,764,080   \n",
              "41          South Dakota  46     816,166     823,579     833,566     842,316   \n",
              "42             Tennessee  47   6,355,311   6,399,291   6,453,898   6,494,340   \n",
              "43                 Texas  48  25,241,971  25,645,629  26,084,481  26,480,266   \n",
              "44                  Utah  49   2,775,332   2,814,384   2,853,375   2,897,640   \n",
              "45               Vermont  50     625,879     627,049     626,090     626,210   \n",
              "46              Virginia  51   8,023,699   8,101,155   8,185,080   8,252,427   \n",
              "47            Washington  53   6,742,830   6,826,627   6,897,058   6,963,985   \n",
              "48         West Virginia  54   1,854,239   1,856,301   1,856,872   1,853,914   \n",
              "49             Wisconsin  55   5,690,475   5,705,288   5,719,960   5,736,754   \n",
              "50               Wyoming  56     564,487     567,299     576,305     582,122   \n",
              "51           Puerto Rico  72   3,721,525   3,678,732   3,634,488   3,593,077   \n",
              "\n",
              "          2014        2015        2016        2017        2018        2019  \n",
              "0    4,841,799   4,852,347   4,863,525   4,874,486   4,887,681   4,903,185  \n",
              "1      736,283     737,498     741,456     739,700     735,139     731,545  \n",
              "2    6,730,413   6,829,676   6,941,072   7,044,008   7,158,024   7,278,717  \n",
              "3    2,967,392   2,978,048   2,989,918   3,001,345   3,009,733   3,017,804  \n",
              "4   38,596,972  38,918,045  39,167,117  39,358,497  39,461,588  39,512,223  \n",
              "5    5,350,101   5,450,623   5,539,215   5,611,885   5,691,287   5,758,736  \n",
              "6    3,594,524   3,587,122   3,578,141   3,573,297   3,571,520   3,565,287  \n",
              "7      932,487     941,252     948,921     956,823     965,479     973,764  \n",
              "8      662,328     675,400     685,815     694,906     701,547     705,749  \n",
              "9   19,845,911  20,209,042  20,613,477  20,963,613  21,244,317  21,477,737  \n",
              "10  10,067,278  10,178,447  10,301,890  10,410,330  10,511,131  10,617,423  \n",
              "11   1,414,538   1,422,052   1,427,559   1,424,393   1,420,593   1,415,872  \n",
              "12   1,631,112   1,651,059   1,682,380   1,717,715   1,750,536   1,787,065  \n",
              "13  12,884,493  12,858,913  12,820,527  12,778,828  12,723,071  12,671,821  \n",
              "14   6,593,644   6,608,422   6,634,304   6,658,078   6,695,497   6,732,219  \n",
              "15   3,109,350   3,120,960   3,131,371   3,141,550   3,148,618   3,155,070  \n",
              "16   2,900,475   2,909,011   2,910,844   2,908,718   2,911,359   2,913,314  \n",
              "17   4,414,349   4,425,976   4,438,182   4,452,268   4,461,153   4,467,673  \n",
              "18   4,644,013   4,664,628   4,678,135   4,670,560   4,659,690   4,648,794  \n",
              "19   1,330,513   1,328,262   1,331,317   1,334,612   1,339,057   1,344,212  \n",
              "20   5,957,283   5,985,562   6,003,323   6,023,868   6,035,802   6,045,680  \n",
              "21   6,762,596   6,794,228   6,823,608   6,859,789   6,882,635   6,892,503  \n",
              "22   9,929,848   9,931,715   9,950,571   9,973,114   9,984,072   9,986,857  \n",
              "23   5,451,079   5,482,032   5,522,744   5,566,230   5,606,249   5,639,632  \n",
              "24   2,990,468   2,988,471   2,987,938   2,988,510   2,981,020   2,976,149  \n",
              "25   6,056,202   6,071,732   6,087,135   6,106,670   6,121,623   6,137,428  \n",
              "26   1,021,869   1,030,475   1,040,859   1,052,482   1,060,665   1,068,778  \n",
              "27   1,879,321   1,891,277   1,905,616   1,915,947   1,925,614   1,934,408  \n",
              "28   2,817,628   2,866,939   2,917,563   2,969,905   3,027,341   3,080,156  \n",
              "29   1,333,341   1,336,350   1,342,307   1,348,787   1,353,465   1,359,711  \n",
              "30   8,864,525   8,867,949   8,870,827   8,885,525   8,886,025   8,882,190  \n",
              "31   2,089,568   2,089,291   2,091,630   2,091,784   2,092,741   2,096,829  \n",
              "32  19,651,049  19,654,666  19,633,428  19,589,572  19,530,351  19,453,561  \n",
              "33   9,932,887  10,031,646  10,154,788  10,268,233  10,381,615  10,488,084  \n",
              "34     737,401     754,066     754,434     754,942     758,080     762,062  \n",
              "35  11,602,700  11,617,527  11,634,370  11,659,650  11,676,341  11,689,100  \n",
              "36   3,878,187   3,909,500   3,926,331   3,931,316   3,940,235   3,956,971  \n",
              "37   3,963,244   4,015,792   4,089,976   4,143,625   4,181,886   4,217,737  \n",
              "38  12,788,313  12,784,826  12,782,275  12,787,641  12,800,922  12,801,989  \n",
              "39   1,055,936   1,056,065   1,056,770   1,055,673   1,058,287   1,059,361  \n",
              "40   4,823,617   4,891,938   4,957,968   5,021,268   5,084,156   5,148,714  \n",
              "41     849,129     853,988     862,996     872,868     878,698     884,659  \n",
              "42   6,541,223   6,591,170   6,646,010   6,708,799   6,771,631   6,829,174  \n",
              "43  26,964,333  27,470,056  27,914,410  28,295,273  28,628,666  28,995,881  \n",
              "44   2,936,879   2,981,835   3,041,868   3,101,042   3,153,550   3,205,958  \n",
              "45     625,214     625,216     623,657     624,344     624,358     623,989  \n",
              "46   8,310,993   8,361,808   8,410,106   8,463,587   8,501,286   8,535,519  \n",
              "47   7,054,655   7,163,657   7,294,771   7,423,362   7,523,869   7,614,893  \n",
              "48   1,849,489   1,842,050   1,831,023   1,817,004   1,804,291   1,792,147  \n",
              "49   5,751,525   5,760,940   5,772,628   5,790,186   5,807,406   5,822,434  \n",
              "50     582,531     585,613     584,215     578,931     577,601     578,759  \n",
              "51   3,534,874   3,473,232   3,406,672   3,325,286   3,193,354   3,193,694  "
            ],
            "text/html": [
              "\n",
              "  <div id=\"df-3cb8d892-d5a2-4e9b-a6f6-1037200435f1\" class=\"colab-df-container\">\n",
              "    <div>\n",
              "<style scoped>\n",
              "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
              "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
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              "\n",
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              "        vertical-align: top;\n",
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              "\n",
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              "        text-align: right;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "</style>\n",
              "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
              "  <thead>\n",
              "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
              "      <th></th>\n",
              "      <th>states</th>\n",
              "      <th>id</th>\n",
              "      <th>2010</th>\n",
              "      <th>2011</th>\n",
              "      <th>2012</th>\n",
              "      <th>2013</th>\n",
              "      <th>2014</th>\n",
              "      <th>2015</th>\n",
              "      <th>2016</th>\n",
              "      <th>2017</th>\n",
              "      <th>2018</th>\n",
              "      <th>2019</th>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "  </thead>\n",
              "  <tbody>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>0</th>\n",
              "      <td>Alabama</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>4,785,437</td>\n",
              "      <td>4,799,069</td>\n",
              "      <td>4,815,588</td>\n",
              "      <td>4,830,081</td>\n",
              "      <td>4,841,799</td>\n",
              "      <td>4,852,347</td>\n",
              "      <td>4,863,525</td>\n",
              "      <td>4,874,486</td>\n",
              "      <td>4,887,681</td>\n",
              "      <td>4,903,185</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>1</th>\n",
              "      <td>Alaska</td>\n",
              "      <td>2</td>\n",
              "      <td>713,910</td>\n",
              "      <td>722,128</td>\n",
              "      <td>730,443</td>\n",
              "      <td>737,068</td>\n",
              "      <td>736,283</td>\n",
              "      <td>737,498</td>\n",
              "      <td>741,456</td>\n",
              "      <td>739,700</td>\n",
              "      <td>735,139</td>\n",
              "      <td>731,545</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>2</th>\n",
              "      <td>Arizona</td>\n",
              "      <td>4</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,407,172</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,472,643</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,554,978</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,632,764</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,730,413</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,829,676</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,941,072</td>\n",
              "      <td>7,044,008</td>\n",
              "      <td>7,158,024</td>\n",
              "      <td>7,278,717</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>3</th>\n",
              "      <td>Arkansas</td>\n",
              "      <td>5</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,921,964</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,940,667</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,952,164</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,959,400</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,967,392</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,978,048</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,989,918</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,001,345</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,009,733</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,017,804</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>4</th>\n",
              "      <td>California</td>\n",
              "      <td>6</td>\n",
              "      <td>37,319,502</td>\n",
              "      <td>37,638,369</td>\n",
              "      <td>37,948,800</td>\n",
              "      <td>38,260,787</td>\n",
              "      <td>38,596,972</td>\n",
              "      <td>38,918,045</td>\n",
              "      <td>39,167,117</td>\n",
              "      <td>39,358,497</td>\n",
              "      <td>39,461,588</td>\n",
              "      <td>39,512,223</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>5</th>\n",
              "      <td>Colorado</td>\n",
              "      <td>8</td>\n",
              "      <td>5,047,349</td>\n",
              "      <td>5,121,108</td>\n",
              "      <td>5,192,647</td>\n",
              "      <td>5,269,035</td>\n",
              "      <td>5,350,101</td>\n",
              "      <td>5,450,623</td>\n",
              "      <td>5,539,215</td>\n",
              "      <td>5,611,885</td>\n",
              "      <td>5,691,287</td>\n",
              "      <td>5,758,736</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>6</th>\n",
              "      <td>Connecticut</td>\n",
              "      <td>9</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,579,114</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,588,283</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,594,547</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,594,841</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,594,524</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,587,122</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,578,141</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,573,297</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,571,520</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,565,287</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>7</th>\n",
              "      <td>Delaware</td>\n",
              "      <td>10</td>\n",
              "      <td>899,593</td>\n",
              "      <td>907,381</td>\n",
              "      <td>915,179</td>\n",
              "      <td>923,576</td>\n",
              "      <td>932,487</td>\n",
              "      <td>941,252</td>\n",
              "      <td>948,921</td>\n",
              "      <td>956,823</td>\n",
              "      <td>965,479</td>\n",
              "      <td>973,764</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>8</th>\n",
              "      <td>District of Columbia</td>\n",
              "      <td>11</td>\n",
              "      <td>605,226</td>\n",
              "      <td>619,800</td>\n",
              "      <td>634,924</td>\n",
              "      <td>650,581</td>\n",
              "      <td>662,328</td>\n",
              "      <td>675,400</td>\n",
              "      <td>685,815</td>\n",
              "      <td>694,906</td>\n",
              "      <td>701,547</td>\n",
              "      <td>705,749</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>9</th>\n",
              "      <td>Florida</td>\n",
              "      <td>12</td>\n",
              "      <td>18,845,537</td>\n",
              "      <td>19,053,237</td>\n",
              "      <td>19,297,822</td>\n",
              "      <td>19,545,621</td>\n",
              "      <td>19,845,911</td>\n",
              "      <td>20,209,042</td>\n",
              "      <td>20,613,477</td>\n",
              "      <td>20,963,613</td>\n",
              "      <td>21,244,317</td>\n",
              "      <td>21,477,737</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>10</th>\n",
              "      <td>Georgia</td>\n",
              "      <td>13</td>\n",
              "      <td>9,711,881</td>\n",
              "      <td>9,802,431</td>\n",
              "      <td>9,901,430</td>\n",
              "      <td>9,972,479</td>\n",
              "      <td>10,067,278</td>\n",
              "      <td>10,178,447</td>\n",
              "      <td>10,301,890</td>\n",
              "      <td>10,410,330</td>\n",
              "      <td>10,511,131</td>\n",
              "      <td>10,617,423</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>11</th>\n",
              "      <td>Hawaii</td>\n",
              "      <td>15</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,363,963</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,379,329</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,394,804</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,408,243</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,414,538</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,422,052</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,427,559</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,424,393</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,420,593</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,415,872</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>12</th>\n",
              "      <td>Idaho</td>\n",
              "      <td>16</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,570,746</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,583,910</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,595,324</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,611,206</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,631,112</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,651,059</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,682,380</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,717,715</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,750,536</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,787,065</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>13</th>\n",
              "      <td>Illinois</td>\n",
              "      <td>17</td>\n",
              "      <td>12,840,503</td>\n",
              "      <td>12,867,454</td>\n",
              "      <td>12,882,510</td>\n",
              "      <td>12,895,129</td>\n",
              "      <td>12,884,493</td>\n",
              "      <td>12,858,913</td>\n",
              "      <td>12,820,527</td>\n",
              "      <td>12,778,828</td>\n",
              "      <td>12,723,071</td>\n",
              "      <td>12,671,821</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>14</th>\n",
              "      <td>Indiana</td>\n",
              "      <td>18</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,490,432</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,516,528</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,537,703</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,568,713</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,593,644</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,608,422</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,634,304</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,658,078</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,695,497</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,732,219</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>15</th>\n",
              "      <td>Iowa</td>\n",
              "      <td>19</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,050,745</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,066,336</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,076,190</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,092,997</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,109,350</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,120,960</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,131,371</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,141,550</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,148,618</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,155,070</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>16</th>\n",
              "      <td>Kansas</td>\n",
              "      <td>20</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,858,190</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,869,225</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,885,257</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,893,212</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,900,475</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,909,011</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,910,844</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,908,718</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,911,359</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,913,314</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>17</th>\n",
              "      <td>Kentucky</td>\n",
              "      <td>21</td>\n",
              "      <td>4,348,181</td>\n",
              "      <td>4,369,821</td>\n",
              "      <td>4,386,346</td>\n",
              "      <td>4,404,659</td>\n",
              "      <td>4,414,349</td>\n",
              "      <td>4,425,976</td>\n",
              "      <td>4,438,182</td>\n",
              "      <td>4,452,268</td>\n",
              "      <td>4,461,153</td>\n",
              "      <td>4,467,673</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>18</th>\n",
              "      <td>Louisiana</td>\n",
              "      <td>22</td>\n",
              "      <td>4,544,532</td>\n",
              "      <td>4,575,625</td>\n",
              "      <td>4,600,972</td>\n",
              "      <td>4,624,527</td>\n",
              "      <td>4,644,013</td>\n",
              "      <td>4,664,628</td>\n",
              "      <td>4,678,135</td>\n",
              "      <td>4,670,560</td>\n",
              "      <td>4,659,690</td>\n",
              "      <td>4,648,794</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>19</th>\n",
              "      <td>Maine</td>\n",
              "      <td>23</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,327,629</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,328,284</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,327,729</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,328,009</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,330,513</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,328,262</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,331,317</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,334,612</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,339,057</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,344,212</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>20</th>\n",
              "      <td>Maryland</td>\n",
              "      <td>24</td>\n",
              "      <td>5,788,645</td>\n",
              "      <td>5,839,419</td>\n",
              "      <td>5,886,992</td>\n",
              "      <td>5,923,188</td>\n",
              "      <td>5,957,283</td>\n",
              "      <td>5,985,562</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,003,323</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,023,868</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,035,802</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,045,680</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>21</th>\n",
              "      <td>Massachusetts</td>\n",
              "      <td>25</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,566,307</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,613,583</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,663,005</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,713,315</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,762,596</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,794,228</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,823,608</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,859,789</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,882,635</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,892,503</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>22</th>\n",
              "      <td>Michigan</td>\n",
              "      <td>26</td>\n",
              "      <td>9,877,510</td>\n",
              "      <td>9,882,412</td>\n",
              "      <td>9,897,145</td>\n",
              "      <td>9,913,065</td>\n",
              "      <td>9,929,848</td>\n",
              "      <td>9,931,715</td>\n",
              "      <td>9,950,571</td>\n",
              "      <td>9,973,114</td>\n",
              "      <td>9,984,072</td>\n",
              "      <td>9,986,857</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>23</th>\n",
              "      <td>Minnesota</td>\n",
              "      <td>27</td>\n",
              "      <td>5,310,828</td>\n",
              "      <td>5,346,143</td>\n",
              "      <td>5,376,643</td>\n",
              "      <td>5,413,479</td>\n",
              "      <td>5,451,079</td>\n",
              "      <td>5,482,032</td>\n",
              "      <td>5,522,744</td>\n",
              "      <td>5,566,230</td>\n",
              "      <td>5,606,249</td>\n",
              "      <td>5,639,632</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>24</th>\n",
              "      <td>Mississippi</td>\n",
              "      <td>28</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,970,548</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,978,731</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,983,816</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,988,711</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,990,468</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,988,471</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,987,938</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,988,510</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,981,020</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,976,149</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>25</th>\n",
              "      <td>Missouri</td>\n",
              "      <td>29</td>\n",
              "      <td>5,995,974</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,010,275</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,024,367</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,040,715</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,056,202</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,071,732</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,087,135</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,106,670</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,121,623</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,137,428</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>26</th>\n",
              "      <td>Montana</td>\n",
              "      <td>30</td>\n",
              "      <td>990,697</td>\n",
              "      <td>997,316</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,003,783</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,013,569</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,021,869</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,030,475</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,040,859</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,052,482</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,060,665</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,068,778</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>27</th>\n",
              "      <td>Nebraska</td>\n",
              "      <td>31</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,829,542</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,840,672</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,853,303</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,865,279</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,879,321</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,891,277</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,905,616</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,915,947</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,925,614</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,934,408</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>28</th>\n",
              "      <td>Nevada</td>\n",
              "      <td>32</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,702,405</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,712,730</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,743,996</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,775,970</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,817,628</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,866,939</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,917,563</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,969,905</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,027,341</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,080,156</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>29</th>\n",
              "      <td>New Hampshire</td>\n",
              "      <td>33</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,316,762</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,320,202</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,324,232</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,326,622</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,333,341</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,336,350</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,342,307</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,348,787</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,353,465</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,359,711</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>30</th>\n",
              "      <td>New Jersey</td>\n",
              "      <td>34</td>\n",
              "      <td>8,799,446</td>\n",
              "      <td>8,828,117</td>\n",
              "      <td>8,844,942</td>\n",
              "      <td>8,856,972</td>\n",
              "      <td>8,864,525</td>\n",
              "      <td>8,867,949</td>\n",
              "      <td>8,870,827</td>\n",
              "      <td>8,885,525</td>\n",
              "      <td>8,886,025</td>\n",
              "      <td>8,882,190</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>31</th>\n",
              "      <td>New Mexico</td>\n",
              "      <td>35</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,064,552</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,080,450</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,087,309</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,092,273</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,089,568</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,089,291</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,091,630</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,091,784</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,092,741</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,096,829</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>32</th>\n",
              "      <td>New York</td>\n",
              "      <td>36</td>\n",
              "      <td>19,399,878</td>\n",
              "      <td>19,499,241</td>\n",
              "      <td>19,572,932</td>\n",
              "      <td>19,624,447</td>\n",
              "      <td>19,651,049</td>\n",
              "      <td>19,654,666</td>\n",
              "      <td>19,633,428</td>\n",
              "      <td>19,589,572</td>\n",
              "      <td>19,530,351</td>\n",
              "      <td>19,453,561</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>33</th>\n",
              "      <td>North Carolina</td>\n",
              "      <td>37</td>\n",
              "      <td>9,574,323</td>\n",
              "      <td>9,657,592</td>\n",
              "      <td>9,749,476</td>\n",
              "      <td>9,843,336</td>\n",
              "      <td>9,932,887</td>\n",
              "      <td>10,031,646</td>\n",
              "      <td>10,154,788</td>\n",
              "      <td>10,268,233</td>\n",
              "      <td>10,381,615</td>\n",
              "      <td>10,488,084</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>34</th>\n",
              "      <td>North Dakota</td>\n",
              "      <td>38</td>\n",
              "      <td>674,715</td>\n",
              "      <td>685,225</td>\n",
              "      <td>701,176</td>\n",
              "      <td>722,036</td>\n",
              "      <td>737,401</td>\n",
              "      <td>754,066</td>\n",
              "      <td>754,434</td>\n",
              "      <td>754,942</td>\n",
              "      <td>758,080</td>\n",
              "      <td>762,062</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>35</th>\n",
              "      <td>Ohio</td>\n",
              "      <td>39</td>\n",
              "      <td>11,539,336</td>\n",
              "      <td>11,544,663</td>\n",
              "      <td>11,548,923</td>\n",
              "      <td>11,576,684</td>\n",
              "      <td>11,602,700</td>\n",
              "      <td>11,617,527</td>\n",
              "      <td>11,634,370</td>\n",
              "      <td>11,659,650</td>\n",
              "      <td>11,676,341</td>\n",
              "      <td>11,689,100</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>36</th>\n",
              "      <td>Oklahoma</td>\n",
              "      <td>40</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,759,944</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,788,379</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,818,814</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,853,214</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,878,187</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,909,500</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,926,331</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,931,316</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,940,235</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,956,971</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>37</th>\n",
              "      <td>Oregon</td>\n",
              "      <td>41</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,837,491</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,872,036</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,899,001</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,922,468</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,963,244</td>\n",
              "      <td>4,015,792</td>\n",
              "      <td>4,089,976</td>\n",
              "      <td>4,143,625</td>\n",
              "      <td>4,181,886</td>\n",
              "      <td>4,217,737</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>38</th>\n",
              "      <td>Pennsylvania</td>\n",
              "      <td>42</td>\n",
              "      <td>12,711,160</td>\n",
              "      <td>12,745,815</td>\n",
              "      <td>12,767,118</td>\n",
              "      <td>12,776,309</td>\n",
              "      <td>12,788,313</td>\n",
              "      <td>12,784,826</td>\n",
              "      <td>12,782,275</td>\n",
              "      <td>12,787,641</td>\n",
              "      <td>12,800,922</td>\n",
              "      <td>12,801,989</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>39</th>\n",
              "      <td>Rhode Island</td>\n",
              "      <td>44</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,053,959</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,053,649</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,054,621</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,055,081</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,055,936</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,056,065</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,056,770</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,055,673</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,058,287</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,059,361</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>40</th>\n",
              "      <td>South Carolina</td>\n",
              "      <td>45</td>\n",
              "      <td>4,635,649</td>\n",
              "      <td>4,671,994</td>\n",
              "      <td>4,717,354</td>\n",
              "      <td>4,764,080</td>\n",
              "      <td>4,823,617</td>\n",
              "      <td>4,891,938</td>\n",
              "      <td>4,957,968</td>\n",
              "      <td>5,021,268</td>\n",
              "      <td>5,084,156</td>\n",
              "      <td>5,148,714</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>41</th>\n",
              "      <td>South Dakota</td>\n",
              "      <td>46</td>\n",
              "      <td>816,166</td>\n",
              "      <td>823,579</td>\n",
              "      <td>833,566</td>\n",
              "      <td>842,316</td>\n",
              "      <td>849,129</td>\n",
              "      <td>853,988</td>\n",
              "      <td>862,996</td>\n",
              "      <td>872,868</td>\n",
              "      <td>878,698</td>\n",
              "      <td>884,659</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>42</th>\n",
              "      <td>Tennessee</td>\n",
              "      <td>47</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,355,311</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,399,291</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,453,898</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,494,340</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,541,223</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,591,170</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,646,010</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,708,799</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,771,631</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,829,174</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>43</th>\n",
              "      <td>Texas</td>\n",
              "      <td>48</td>\n",
              "      <td>25,241,971</td>\n",
              "      <td>25,645,629</td>\n",
              "      <td>26,084,481</td>\n",
              "      <td>26,480,266</td>\n",
              "      <td>26,964,333</td>\n",
              "      <td>27,470,056</td>\n",
              "      <td>27,914,410</td>\n",
              "      <td>28,295,273</td>\n",
              "      <td>28,628,666</td>\n",
              "      <td>28,995,881</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>44</th>\n",
              "      <td>Utah</td>\n",
              "      <td>49</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,775,332</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,814,384</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,853,375</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,897,640</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,936,879</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,981,835</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,041,868</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,101,042</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,153,550</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,205,958</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>45</th>\n",
              "      <td>Vermont</td>\n",
              "      <td>50</td>\n",
              "      <td>625,879</td>\n",
              "      <td>627,049</td>\n",
              "      <td>626,090</td>\n",
              "      <td>626,210</td>\n",
              "      <td>625,214</td>\n",
              "      <td>625,216</td>\n",
              "      <td>623,657</td>\n",
              "      <td>624,344</td>\n",
              "      <td>624,358</td>\n",
              "      <td>623,989</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>46</th>\n",
              "      <td>Virginia</td>\n",
              "      <td>51</td>\n",
              "      <td>8,023,699</td>\n",
              "      <td>8,101,155</td>\n",
              "      <td>8,185,080</td>\n",
              "      <td>8,252,427</td>\n",
              "      <td>8,310,993</td>\n",
              "      <td>8,361,808</td>\n",
              "      <td>8,410,106</td>\n",
              "      <td>8,463,587</td>\n",
              "      <td>8,501,286</td>\n",
              "      <td>8,535,519</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>47</th>\n",
              "      <td>Washington</td>\n",
              "      <td>53</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,742,830</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,826,627</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,897,058</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,963,985</td>\n",
              "      <td>7,054,655</td>\n",
              "      <td>7,163,657</td>\n",
              "      <td>7,294,771</td>\n",
              "      <td>7,423,362</td>\n",
              "      <td>7,523,869</td>\n",
              "      <td>7,614,893</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>48</th>\n",
              "      <td>West Virginia</td>\n",
              "      <td>54</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,854,239</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,856,301</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,856,872</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,853,914</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,849,489</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,842,050</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,831,023</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,817,004</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,804,291</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,792,147</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>49</th>\n",
              "      <td>Wisconsin</td>\n",
              "      <td>55</td>\n",
              "      <td>5,690,475</td>\n",
              "      <td>5,705,288</td>\n",
              "      <td>5,719,960</td>\n",
              "      <td>5,736,754</td>\n",
              "      <td>5,751,525</td>\n",
              "      <td>5,760,940</td>\n",
              "      <td>5,772,628</td>\n",
              "      <td>5,790,186</td>\n",
              "      <td>5,807,406</td>\n",
              "      <td>5,822,434</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>50</th>\n",
              "      <td>Wyoming</td>\n",
              "      <td>56</td>\n",
              "      <td>564,487</td>\n",
              "      <td>567,299</td>\n",
              "      <td>576,305</td>\n",
              "      <td>582,122</td>\n",
              "      <td>582,531</td>\n",
              "      <td>585,613</td>\n",
              "      <td>584,215</td>\n",
              "      <td>578,931</td>\n",
              "      <td>577,601</td>\n",
              "      <td>578,759</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>51</th>\n",
              "      <td>Puerto Rico</td>\n",
              "      <td>72</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,721,525</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,678,732</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,634,488</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,593,077</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,534,874</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,473,232</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,406,672</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,325,286</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,193,354</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,193,694</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "  </tbody>\n",
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          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 1
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "states_abbreviation = {\n",
        "    \"Alabama\": \"AL\",\n",
        "    \"Alaska\": \"AK\",\n",
        "    \"Arizona\": \"AZ\",\n",
        "    \"Arkansas\": \"AR\",\n",
        "    \"California\": \"CA\",\n",
        "    \"Colorado\": \"CO\",\n",
        "    \"Connecticut\": \"CT\",\n",
        "    \"Delaware\": \"DE\",\n",
        "    \"Florida\": \"FL\",\n",
        "    \"Georgia\": \"GA\",\n",
        "    \"Hawaii\": \"HI\",\n",
        "    \"Idaho\": \"ID\",\n",
        "    \"Illinois\": \"IL\",\n",
        "    \"Indiana\": \"IN\",\n",
        "    \"Iowa\": \"IA\",\n",
        "    \"Kansas\": \"KS\",\n",
        "    \"Kentucky\": \"KY\",\n",
        "    \"Louisiana\": \"LA\",\n",
        "    \"Maine\": \"ME\",\n",
        "    \"Maryland\": \"MD\",\n",
        "    \"Massachusetts\": \"MA\",\n",
        "    \"Michigan\": \"MI\",\n",
        "    \"Minnesota\": \"MN\",\n",
        "    \"Mississippi\": \"MS\",\n",
        "    \"Missouri\": \"MO\",\n",
        "    \"Montana\": \"MT\",\n",
        "    \"Nebraska\": \"NE\",\n",
        "    \"Nevada\": \"NV\",\n",
        "    \"New Hampshire\": \"NH\",\n",
        "    \"New Jersey\": \"NJ\",\n",
        "    \"New Mexico\": \"NM\",\n",
        "    \"New York\": \"NY\",\n",
        "    \"North Carolina\": \"NC\",\n",
        "    \"North Dakota\": \"ND\",\n",
        "    \"Ohio\": \"OH\",\n",
        "    \"Oklahoma\": \"OK\",\n",
        "    \"Oregon\": \"OR\",\n",
        "    \"Pennsylvania\": \"PA\",\n",
        "    \"Rhode Island\": \"RI\",\n",
        "    \"South Carolina\": \"SC\",\n",
        "    \"South Dakota\": \"SD\",\n",
        "    \"Tennessee\": \"TN\",\n",
        "    \"Texas\": \"TX\",\n",
        "    \"Utah\": \"UT\",\n",
        "    \"Vermont\": \"VT\",\n",
        "    \"Virginia\": \"VA\",\n",
        "    \"Washington\": \"WA\",\n",
        "    \"West Virginia\": \"WV\",\n",
        "    \"Wisconsin\": \"WI\",\n",
        "    \"Wyoming\": \"WY\",\n",
        "    \"District of Columbia\": \"DC\",\n",
        "    \"American Samoa\": \"AS\",\n",
        "    \"Guam\": \"GU\",\n",
        "    \"Northern Mariana Islands\": \"MP\",\n",
        "    \"Puerto Rico\": \"PR\",\n",
        "    \"United States Minor Outlying Islands\": \"UM\",\n",
        "    \"U.S. Virgin Islands\": \"VI\",\n",
        "}\n",
        "\n",
        "# invert the dictionary\n",
        "# abbrev_to_us_state = dict(map(reversed, us_state_to_abbrev.items()))\n",
        "\n",
        "df['states_code'] = [states_abbreviation[x] for x in df.states]\n",
        "df"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 1000
        },
        "id": "sbZVifOso9jh",
        "outputId": "8397f076-7893-4af4-cc5d-747981b59f05"
      },
      "execution_count": 2,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "                  states  id        2010        2011        2012        2013  \\\n",
              "0                Alabama   1   4,785,437   4,799,069   4,815,588   4,830,081   \n",
              "1                 Alaska   2     713,910     722,128     730,443     737,068   \n",
              "2                Arizona   4   6,407,172   6,472,643   6,554,978   6,632,764   \n",
              "3               Arkansas   5   2,921,964   2,940,667   2,952,164   2,959,400   \n",
              "4             California   6  37,319,502  37,638,369  37,948,800  38,260,787   \n",
              "5               Colorado   8   5,047,349   5,121,108   5,192,647   5,269,035   \n",
              "6            Connecticut   9   3,579,114   3,588,283   3,594,547   3,594,841   \n",
              "7               Delaware  10     899,593     907,381     915,179     923,576   \n",
              "8   District of Columbia  11     605,226     619,800     634,924     650,581   \n",
              "9                Florida  12  18,845,537  19,053,237  19,297,822  19,545,621   \n",
              "10               Georgia  13   9,711,881   9,802,431   9,901,430   9,972,479   \n",
              "11                Hawaii  15   1,363,963   1,379,329   1,394,804   1,408,243   \n",
              "12                 Idaho  16   1,570,746   1,583,910   1,595,324   1,611,206   \n",
              "13              Illinois  17  12,840,503  12,867,454  12,882,510  12,895,129   \n",
              "14               Indiana  18   6,490,432   6,516,528   6,537,703   6,568,713   \n",
              "15                  Iowa  19   3,050,745   3,066,336   3,076,190   3,092,997   \n",
              "16                Kansas  20   2,858,190   2,869,225   2,885,257   2,893,212   \n",
              "17              Kentucky  21   4,348,181   4,369,821   4,386,346   4,404,659   \n",
              "18             Louisiana  22   4,544,532   4,575,625   4,600,972   4,624,527   \n",
              "19                 Maine  23   1,327,629   1,328,284   1,327,729   1,328,009   \n",
              "20              Maryland  24   5,788,645   5,839,419   5,886,992   5,923,188   \n",
              "21         Massachusetts  25   6,566,307   6,613,583   6,663,005   6,713,315   \n",
              "22              Michigan  26   9,877,510   9,882,412   9,897,145   9,913,065   \n",
              "23             Minnesota  27   5,310,828   5,346,143   5,376,643   5,413,479   \n",
              "24           Mississippi  28   2,970,548   2,978,731   2,983,816   2,988,711   \n",
              "25              Missouri  29   5,995,974   6,010,275   6,024,367   6,040,715   \n",
              "26               Montana  30     990,697     997,316   1,003,783   1,013,569   \n",
              "27              Nebraska  31   1,829,542   1,840,672   1,853,303   1,865,279   \n",
              "28                Nevada  32   2,702,405   2,712,730   2,743,996   2,775,970   \n",
              "29         New Hampshire  33   1,316,762   1,320,202   1,324,232   1,326,622   \n",
              "30            New Jersey  34   8,799,446   8,828,117   8,844,942   8,856,972   \n",
              "31            New Mexico  35   2,064,552   2,080,450   2,087,309   2,092,273   \n",
              "32              New York  36  19,399,878  19,499,241  19,572,932  19,624,447   \n",
              "33        North Carolina  37   9,574,323   9,657,592   9,749,476   9,843,336   \n",
              "34          North Dakota  38     674,715     685,225     701,176     722,036   \n",
              "35                  Ohio  39  11,539,336  11,544,663  11,548,923  11,576,684   \n",
              "36              Oklahoma  40   3,759,944   3,788,379   3,818,814   3,853,214   \n",
              "37                Oregon  41   3,837,491   3,872,036   3,899,001   3,922,468   \n",
              "38          Pennsylvania  42  12,711,160  12,745,815  12,767,118  12,776,309   \n",
              "39          Rhode Island  44   1,053,959   1,053,649   1,054,621   1,055,081   \n",
              "40        South Carolina  45   4,635,649   4,671,994   4,717,354   4,764,080   \n",
              "41          South Dakota  46     816,166     823,579     833,566     842,316   \n",
              "42             Tennessee  47   6,355,311   6,399,291   6,453,898   6,494,340   \n",
              "43                 Texas  48  25,241,971  25,645,629  26,084,481  26,480,266   \n",
              "44                  Utah  49   2,775,332   2,814,384   2,853,375   2,897,640   \n",
              "45               Vermont  50     625,879     627,049     626,090     626,210   \n",
              "46              Virginia  51   8,023,699   8,101,155   8,185,080   8,252,427   \n",
              "47            Washington  53   6,742,830   6,826,627   6,897,058   6,963,985   \n",
              "48         West Virginia  54   1,854,239   1,856,301   1,856,872   1,853,914   \n",
              "49             Wisconsin  55   5,690,475   5,705,288   5,719,960   5,736,754   \n",
              "50               Wyoming  56     564,487     567,299     576,305     582,122   \n",
              "51           Puerto Rico  72   3,721,525   3,678,732   3,634,488   3,593,077   \n",
              "\n",
              "          2014        2015        2016        2017        2018        2019  \\\n",
              "0    4,841,799   4,852,347   4,863,525   4,874,486   4,887,681   4,903,185   \n",
              "1      736,283     737,498     741,456     739,700     735,139     731,545   \n",
              "2    6,730,413   6,829,676   6,941,072   7,044,008   7,158,024   7,278,717   \n",
              "3    2,967,392   2,978,048   2,989,918   3,001,345   3,009,733   3,017,804   \n",
              "4   38,596,972  38,918,045  39,167,117  39,358,497  39,461,588  39,512,223   \n",
              "5    5,350,101   5,450,623   5,539,215   5,611,885   5,691,287   5,758,736   \n",
              "6    3,594,524   3,587,122   3,578,141   3,573,297   3,571,520   3,565,287   \n",
              "7      932,487     941,252     948,921     956,823     965,479     973,764   \n",
              "8      662,328     675,400     685,815     694,906     701,547     705,749   \n",
              "9   19,845,911  20,209,042  20,613,477  20,963,613  21,244,317  21,477,737   \n",
              "10  10,067,278  10,178,447  10,301,890  10,410,330  10,511,131  10,617,423   \n",
              "11   1,414,538   1,422,052   1,427,559   1,424,393   1,420,593   1,415,872   \n",
              "12   1,631,112   1,651,059   1,682,380   1,717,715   1,750,536   1,787,065   \n",
              "13  12,884,493  12,858,913  12,820,527  12,778,828  12,723,071  12,671,821   \n",
              "14   6,593,644   6,608,422   6,634,304   6,658,078   6,695,497   6,732,219   \n",
              "15   3,109,350   3,120,960   3,131,371   3,141,550   3,148,618   3,155,070   \n",
              "16   2,900,475   2,909,011   2,910,844   2,908,718   2,911,359   2,913,314   \n",
              "17   4,414,349   4,425,976   4,438,182   4,452,268   4,461,153   4,467,673   \n",
              "18   4,644,013   4,664,628   4,678,135   4,670,560   4,659,690   4,648,794   \n",
              "19   1,330,513   1,328,262   1,331,317   1,334,612   1,339,057   1,344,212   \n",
              "20   5,957,283   5,985,562   6,003,323   6,023,868   6,035,802   6,045,680   \n",
              "21   6,762,596   6,794,228   6,823,608   6,859,789   6,882,635   6,892,503   \n",
              "22   9,929,848   9,931,715   9,950,571   9,973,114   9,984,072   9,986,857   \n",
              "23   5,451,079   5,482,032   5,522,744   5,566,230   5,606,249   5,639,632   \n",
              "24   2,990,468   2,988,471   2,987,938   2,988,510   2,981,020   2,976,149   \n",
              "25   6,056,202   6,071,732   6,087,135   6,106,670   6,121,623   6,137,428   \n",
              "26   1,021,869   1,030,475   1,040,859   1,052,482   1,060,665   1,068,778   \n",
              "27   1,879,321   1,891,277   1,905,616   1,915,947   1,925,614   1,934,408   \n",
              "28   2,817,628   2,866,939   2,917,563   2,969,905   3,027,341   3,080,156   \n",
              "29   1,333,341   1,336,350   1,342,307   1,348,787   1,353,465   1,359,711   \n",
              "30   8,864,525   8,867,949   8,870,827   8,885,525   8,886,025   8,882,190   \n",
              "31   2,089,568   2,089,291   2,091,630   2,091,784   2,092,741   2,096,829   \n",
              "32  19,651,049  19,654,666  19,633,428  19,589,572  19,530,351  19,453,561   \n",
              "33   9,932,887  10,031,646  10,154,788  10,268,233  10,381,615  10,488,084   \n",
              "34     737,401     754,066     754,434     754,942     758,080     762,062   \n",
              "35  11,602,700  11,617,527  11,634,370  11,659,650  11,676,341  11,689,100   \n",
              "36   3,878,187   3,909,500   3,926,331   3,931,316   3,940,235   3,956,971   \n",
              "37   3,963,244   4,015,792   4,089,976   4,143,625   4,181,886   4,217,737   \n",
              "38  12,788,313  12,784,826  12,782,275  12,787,641  12,800,922  12,801,989   \n",
              "39   1,055,936   1,056,065   1,056,770   1,055,673   1,058,287   1,059,361   \n",
              "40   4,823,617   4,891,938   4,957,968   5,021,268   5,084,156   5,148,714   \n",
              "41     849,129     853,988     862,996     872,868     878,698     884,659   \n",
              "42   6,541,223   6,591,170   6,646,010   6,708,799   6,771,631   6,829,174   \n",
              "43  26,964,333  27,470,056  27,914,410  28,295,273  28,628,666  28,995,881   \n",
              "44   2,936,879   2,981,835   3,041,868   3,101,042   3,153,550   3,205,958   \n",
              "45     625,214     625,216     623,657     624,344     624,358     623,989   \n",
              "46   8,310,993   8,361,808   8,410,106   8,463,587   8,501,286   8,535,519   \n",
              "47   7,054,655   7,163,657   7,294,771   7,423,362   7,523,869   7,614,893   \n",
              "48   1,849,489   1,842,050   1,831,023   1,817,004   1,804,291   1,792,147   \n",
              "49   5,751,525   5,760,940   5,772,628   5,790,186   5,807,406   5,822,434   \n",
              "50     582,531     585,613     584,215     578,931     577,601     578,759   \n",
              "51   3,534,874   3,473,232   3,406,672   3,325,286   3,193,354   3,193,694   \n",
              "\n",
              "   states_code  \n",
              "0           AL  \n",
              "1           AK  \n",
              "2           AZ  \n",
              "3           AR  \n",
              "4           CA  \n",
              "5           CO  \n",
              "6           CT  \n",
              "7           DE  \n",
              "8           DC  \n",
              "9           FL  \n",
              "10          GA  \n",
              "11          HI  \n",
              "12          ID  \n",
              "13          IL  \n",
              "14          IN  \n",
              "15          IA  \n",
              "16          KS  \n",
              "17          KY  \n",
              "18          LA  \n",
              "19          ME  \n",
              "20          MD  \n",
              "21          MA  \n",
              "22          MI  \n",
              "23          MN  \n",
              "24          MS  \n",
              "25          MO  \n",
              "26          MT  \n",
              "27          NE  \n",
              "28          NV  \n",
              "29          NH  \n",
              "30          NJ  \n",
              "31          NM  \n",
              "32          NY  \n",
              "33          NC  \n",
              "34          ND  \n",
              "35          OH  \n",
              "36          OK  \n",
              "37          OR  \n",
              "38          PA  \n",
              "39          RI  \n",
              "40          SC  \n",
              "41          SD  \n",
              "42          TN  \n",
              "43          TX  \n",
              "44          UT  \n",
              "45          VT  \n",
              "46          VA  \n",
              "47          WA  \n",
              "48          WV  \n",
              "49          WI  \n",
              "50          WY  \n",
              "51          PR  "
            ],
            "text/html": [
              "\n",
              "  <div id=\"df-6b182c29-32fb-4ce1-bab9-22d74ba4b8f2\" class=\"colab-df-container\">\n",
              "    <div>\n",
              "<style scoped>\n",
              "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
              "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
              "        vertical-align: top;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
              "        text-align: right;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "</style>\n",
              "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
              "  <thead>\n",
              "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
              "      <th></th>\n",
              "      <th>states</th>\n",
              "      <th>id</th>\n",
              "      <th>2010</th>\n",
              "      <th>2011</th>\n",
              "      <th>2012</th>\n",
              "      <th>2013</th>\n",
              "      <th>2014</th>\n",
              "      <th>2015</th>\n",
              "      <th>2016</th>\n",
              "      <th>2017</th>\n",
              "      <th>2018</th>\n",
              "      <th>2019</th>\n",
              "      <th>states_code</th>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "  </thead>\n",
              "  <tbody>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>0</th>\n",
              "      <td>Alabama</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>4,785,437</td>\n",
              "      <td>4,799,069</td>\n",
              "      <td>4,815,588</td>\n",
              "      <td>4,830,081</td>\n",
              "      <td>4,841,799</td>\n",
              "      <td>4,852,347</td>\n",
              "      <td>4,863,525</td>\n",
              "      <td>4,874,486</td>\n",
              "      <td>4,887,681</td>\n",
              "      <td>4,903,185</td>\n",
              "      <td>AL</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>1</th>\n",
              "      <td>Alaska</td>\n",
              "      <td>2</td>\n",
              "      <td>713,910</td>\n",
              "      <td>722,128</td>\n",
              "      <td>730,443</td>\n",
              "      <td>737,068</td>\n",
              "      <td>736,283</td>\n",
              "      <td>737,498</td>\n",
              "      <td>741,456</td>\n",
              "      <td>739,700</td>\n",
              "      <td>735,139</td>\n",
              "      <td>731,545</td>\n",
              "      <td>AK</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>2</th>\n",
              "      <td>Arizona</td>\n",
              "      <td>4</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,407,172</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,472,643</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,554,978</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,632,764</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,730,413</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,829,676</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,941,072</td>\n",
              "      <td>7,044,008</td>\n",
              "      <td>7,158,024</td>\n",
              "      <td>7,278,717</td>\n",
              "      <td>AZ</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>3</th>\n",
              "      <td>Arkansas</td>\n",
              "      <td>5</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,921,964</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,940,667</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,952,164</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,959,400</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,967,392</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,978,048</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,989,918</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,001,345</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,009,733</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,017,804</td>\n",
              "      <td>AR</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>4</th>\n",
              "      <td>California</td>\n",
              "      <td>6</td>\n",
              "      <td>37,319,502</td>\n",
              "      <td>37,638,369</td>\n",
              "      <td>37,948,800</td>\n",
              "      <td>38,260,787</td>\n",
              "      <td>38,596,972</td>\n",
              "      <td>38,918,045</td>\n",
              "      <td>39,167,117</td>\n",
              "      <td>39,358,497</td>\n",
              "      <td>39,461,588</td>\n",
              "      <td>39,512,223</td>\n",
              "      <td>CA</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>5</th>\n",
              "      <td>Colorado</td>\n",
              "      <td>8</td>\n",
              "      <td>5,047,349</td>\n",
              "      <td>5,121,108</td>\n",
              "      <td>5,192,647</td>\n",
              "      <td>5,269,035</td>\n",
              "      <td>5,350,101</td>\n",
              "      <td>5,450,623</td>\n",
              "      <td>5,539,215</td>\n",
              "      <td>5,611,885</td>\n",
              "      <td>5,691,287</td>\n",
              "      <td>5,758,736</td>\n",
              "      <td>CO</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>6</th>\n",
              "      <td>Connecticut</td>\n",
              "      <td>9</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,579,114</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,588,283</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,594,547</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,594,841</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,594,524</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,587,122</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,578,141</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,573,297</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,571,520</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,565,287</td>\n",
              "      <td>CT</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>7</th>\n",
              "      <td>Delaware</td>\n",
              "      <td>10</td>\n",
              "      <td>899,593</td>\n",
              "      <td>907,381</td>\n",
              "      <td>915,179</td>\n",
              "      <td>923,576</td>\n",
              "      <td>932,487</td>\n",
              "      <td>941,252</td>\n",
              "      <td>948,921</td>\n",
              "      <td>956,823</td>\n",
              "      <td>965,479</td>\n",
              "      <td>973,764</td>\n",
              "      <td>DE</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>8</th>\n",
              "      <td>District of Columbia</td>\n",
              "      <td>11</td>\n",
              "      <td>605,226</td>\n",
              "      <td>619,800</td>\n",
              "      <td>634,924</td>\n",
              "      <td>650,581</td>\n",
              "      <td>662,328</td>\n",
              "      <td>675,400</td>\n",
              "      <td>685,815</td>\n",
              "      <td>694,906</td>\n",
              "      <td>701,547</td>\n",
              "      <td>705,749</td>\n",
              "      <td>DC</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>9</th>\n",
              "      <td>Florida</td>\n",
              "      <td>12</td>\n",
              "      <td>18,845,537</td>\n",
              "      <td>19,053,237</td>\n",
              "      <td>19,297,822</td>\n",
              "      <td>19,545,621</td>\n",
              "      <td>19,845,911</td>\n",
              "      <td>20,209,042</td>\n",
              "      <td>20,613,477</td>\n",
              "      <td>20,963,613</td>\n",
              "      <td>21,244,317</td>\n",
              "      <td>21,477,737</td>\n",
              "      <td>FL</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>10</th>\n",
              "      <td>Georgia</td>\n",
              "      <td>13</td>\n",
              "      <td>9,711,881</td>\n",
              "      <td>9,802,431</td>\n",
              "      <td>9,901,430</td>\n",
              "      <td>9,972,479</td>\n",
              "      <td>10,067,278</td>\n",
              "      <td>10,178,447</td>\n",
              "      <td>10,301,890</td>\n",
              "      <td>10,410,330</td>\n",
              "      <td>10,511,131</td>\n",
              "      <td>10,617,423</td>\n",
              "      <td>GA</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>11</th>\n",
              "      <td>Hawaii</td>\n",
              "      <td>15</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,363,963</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,379,329</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,394,804</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,408,243</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,414,538</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,422,052</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,427,559</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,424,393</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,420,593</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,415,872</td>\n",
              "      <td>HI</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>12</th>\n",
              "      <td>Idaho</td>\n",
              "      <td>16</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,570,746</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,583,910</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,595,324</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,611,206</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,631,112</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,651,059</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,682,380</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,717,715</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,750,536</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,787,065</td>\n",
              "      <td>ID</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>13</th>\n",
              "      <td>Illinois</td>\n",
              "      <td>17</td>\n",
              "      <td>12,840,503</td>\n",
              "      <td>12,867,454</td>\n",
              "      <td>12,882,510</td>\n",
              "      <td>12,895,129</td>\n",
              "      <td>12,884,493</td>\n",
              "      <td>12,858,913</td>\n",
              "      <td>12,820,527</td>\n",
              "      <td>12,778,828</td>\n",
              "      <td>12,723,071</td>\n",
              "      <td>12,671,821</td>\n",
              "      <td>IL</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>14</th>\n",
              "      <td>Indiana</td>\n",
              "      <td>18</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,490,432</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,516,528</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,537,703</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,568,713</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,593,644</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,608,422</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,634,304</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,658,078</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,695,497</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,732,219</td>\n",
              "      <td>IN</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>15</th>\n",
              "      <td>Iowa</td>\n",
              "      <td>19</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,050,745</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,066,336</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,076,190</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,092,997</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,109,350</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,120,960</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,131,371</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,141,550</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,148,618</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,155,070</td>\n",
              "      <td>IA</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>16</th>\n",
              "      <td>Kansas</td>\n",
              "      <td>20</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,858,190</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,869,225</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,885,257</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,893,212</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,900,475</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,909,011</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,910,844</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,908,718</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,911,359</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,913,314</td>\n",
              "      <td>KS</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>17</th>\n",
              "      <td>Kentucky</td>\n",
              "      <td>21</td>\n",
              "      <td>4,348,181</td>\n",
              "      <td>4,369,821</td>\n",
              "      <td>4,386,346</td>\n",
              "      <td>4,404,659</td>\n",
              "      <td>4,414,349</td>\n",
              "      <td>4,425,976</td>\n",
              "      <td>4,438,182</td>\n",
              "      <td>4,452,268</td>\n",
              "      <td>4,461,153</td>\n",
              "      <td>4,467,673</td>\n",
              "      <td>KY</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>18</th>\n",
              "      <td>Louisiana</td>\n",
              "      <td>22</td>\n",
              "      <td>4,544,532</td>\n",
              "      <td>4,575,625</td>\n",
              "      <td>4,600,972</td>\n",
              "      <td>4,624,527</td>\n",
              "      <td>4,644,013</td>\n",
              "      <td>4,664,628</td>\n",
              "      <td>4,678,135</td>\n",
              "      <td>4,670,560</td>\n",
              "      <td>4,659,690</td>\n",
              "      <td>4,648,794</td>\n",
              "      <td>LA</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>19</th>\n",
              "      <td>Maine</td>\n",
              "      <td>23</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,327,629</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,328,284</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,327,729</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,328,009</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,330,513</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,328,262</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,331,317</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,334,612</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,339,057</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,344,212</td>\n",
              "      <td>ME</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>20</th>\n",
              "      <td>Maryland</td>\n",
              "      <td>24</td>\n",
              "      <td>5,788,645</td>\n",
              "      <td>5,839,419</td>\n",
              "      <td>5,886,992</td>\n",
              "      <td>5,923,188</td>\n",
              "      <td>5,957,283</td>\n",
              "      <td>5,985,562</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,003,323</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,023,868</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,035,802</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,045,680</td>\n",
              "      <td>MD</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>21</th>\n",
              "      <td>Massachusetts</td>\n",
              "      <td>25</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,566,307</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,613,583</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,663,005</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,713,315</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,762,596</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,794,228</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,823,608</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,859,789</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,882,635</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,892,503</td>\n",
              "      <td>MA</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>22</th>\n",
              "      <td>Michigan</td>\n",
              "      <td>26</td>\n",
              "      <td>9,877,510</td>\n",
              "      <td>9,882,412</td>\n",
              "      <td>9,897,145</td>\n",
              "      <td>9,913,065</td>\n",
              "      <td>9,929,848</td>\n",
              "      <td>9,931,715</td>\n",
              "      <td>9,950,571</td>\n",
              "      <td>9,973,114</td>\n",
              "      <td>9,984,072</td>\n",
              "      <td>9,986,857</td>\n",
              "      <td>MI</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>23</th>\n",
              "      <td>Minnesota</td>\n",
              "      <td>27</td>\n",
              "      <td>5,310,828</td>\n",
              "      <td>5,346,143</td>\n",
              "      <td>5,376,643</td>\n",
              "      <td>5,413,479</td>\n",
              "      <td>5,451,079</td>\n",
              "      <td>5,482,032</td>\n",
              "      <td>5,522,744</td>\n",
              "      <td>5,566,230</td>\n",
              "      <td>5,606,249</td>\n",
              "      <td>5,639,632</td>\n",
              "      <td>MN</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>24</th>\n",
              "      <td>Mississippi</td>\n",
              "      <td>28</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,970,548</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,978,731</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,983,816</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,988,711</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,990,468</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,988,471</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,987,938</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,988,510</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,981,020</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,976,149</td>\n",
              "      <td>MS</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>25</th>\n",
              "      <td>Missouri</td>\n",
              "      <td>29</td>\n",
              "      <td>5,995,974</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,010,275</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,024,367</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,040,715</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,056,202</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,071,732</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,087,135</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,106,670</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,121,623</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,137,428</td>\n",
              "      <td>MO</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>26</th>\n",
              "      <td>Montana</td>\n",
              "      <td>30</td>\n",
              "      <td>990,697</td>\n",
              "      <td>997,316</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,003,783</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,013,569</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,021,869</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,030,475</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,040,859</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,052,482</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,060,665</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,068,778</td>\n",
              "      <td>MT</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>27</th>\n",
              "      <td>Nebraska</td>\n",
              "      <td>31</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,829,542</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,840,672</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,853,303</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,865,279</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,879,321</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,891,277</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,905,616</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,915,947</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,925,614</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,934,408</td>\n",
              "      <td>NE</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>28</th>\n",
              "      <td>Nevada</td>\n",
              "      <td>32</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,702,405</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,712,730</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,743,996</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,775,970</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,817,628</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,866,939</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,917,563</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,969,905</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,027,341</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,080,156</td>\n",
              "      <td>NV</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>29</th>\n",
              "      <td>New Hampshire</td>\n",
              "      <td>33</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,316,762</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,320,202</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,324,232</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,326,622</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,333,341</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,336,350</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,342,307</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,348,787</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,353,465</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,359,711</td>\n",
              "      <td>NH</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>30</th>\n",
              "      <td>New Jersey</td>\n",
              "      <td>34</td>\n",
              "      <td>8,799,446</td>\n",
              "      <td>8,828,117</td>\n",
              "      <td>8,844,942</td>\n",
              "      <td>8,856,972</td>\n",
              "      <td>8,864,525</td>\n",
              "      <td>8,867,949</td>\n",
              "      <td>8,870,827</td>\n",
              "      <td>8,885,525</td>\n",
              "      <td>8,886,025</td>\n",
              "      <td>8,882,190</td>\n",
              "      <td>NJ</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>31</th>\n",
              "      <td>New Mexico</td>\n",
              "      <td>35</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,064,552</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,080,450</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,087,309</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,092,273</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,089,568</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,089,291</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,091,630</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,091,784</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,092,741</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,096,829</td>\n",
              "      <td>NM</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>32</th>\n",
              "      <td>New York</td>\n",
              "      <td>36</td>\n",
              "      <td>19,399,878</td>\n",
              "      <td>19,499,241</td>\n",
              "      <td>19,572,932</td>\n",
              "      <td>19,624,447</td>\n",
              "      <td>19,651,049</td>\n",
              "      <td>19,654,666</td>\n",
              "      <td>19,633,428</td>\n",
              "      <td>19,589,572</td>\n",
              "      <td>19,530,351</td>\n",
              "      <td>19,453,561</td>\n",
              "      <td>NY</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>33</th>\n",
              "      <td>North Carolina</td>\n",
              "      <td>37</td>\n",
              "      <td>9,574,323</td>\n",
              "      <td>9,657,592</td>\n",
              "      <td>9,749,476</td>\n",
              "      <td>9,843,336</td>\n",
              "      <td>9,932,887</td>\n",
              "      <td>10,031,646</td>\n",
              "      <td>10,154,788</td>\n",
              "      <td>10,268,233</td>\n",
              "      <td>10,381,615</td>\n",
              "      <td>10,488,084</td>\n",
              "      <td>NC</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>34</th>\n",
              "      <td>North Dakota</td>\n",
              "      <td>38</td>\n",
              "      <td>674,715</td>\n",
              "      <td>685,225</td>\n",
              "      <td>701,176</td>\n",
              "      <td>722,036</td>\n",
              "      <td>737,401</td>\n",
              "      <td>754,066</td>\n",
              "      <td>754,434</td>\n",
              "      <td>754,942</td>\n",
              "      <td>758,080</td>\n",
              "      <td>762,062</td>\n",
              "      <td>ND</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>35</th>\n",
              "      <td>Ohio</td>\n",
              "      <td>39</td>\n",
              "      <td>11,539,336</td>\n",
              "      <td>11,544,663</td>\n",
              "      <td>11,548,923</td>\n",
              "      <td>11,576,684</td>\n",
              "      <td>11,602,700</td>\n",
              "      <td>11,617,527</td>\n",
              "      <td>11,634,370</td>\n",
              "      <td>11,659,650</td>\n",
              "      <td>11,676,341</td>\n",
              "      <td>11,689,100</td>\n",
              "      <td>OH</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>36</th>\n",
              "      <td>Oklahoma</td>\n",
              "      <td>40</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,759,944</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,788,379</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,818,814</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,853,214</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,878,187</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,909,500</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,926,331</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,931,316</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,940,235</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,956,971</td>\n",
              "      <td>OK</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>37</th>\n",
              "      <td>Oregon</td>\n",
              "      <td>41</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,837,491</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,872,036</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,899,001</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,922,468</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,963,244</td>\n",
              "      <td>4,015,792</td>\n",
              "      <td>4,089,976</td>\n",
              "      <td>4,143,625</td>\n",
              "      <td>4,181,886</td>\n",
              "      <td>4,217,737</td>\n",
              "      <td>OR</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>38</th>\n",
              "      <td>Pennsylvania</td>\n",
              "      <td>42</td>\n",
              "      <td>12,711,160</td>\n",
              "      <td>12,745,815</td>\n",
              "      <td>12,767,118</td>\n",
              "      <td>12,776,309</td>\n",
              "      <td>12,788,313</td>\n",
              "      <td>12,784,826</td>\n",
              "      <td>12,782,275</td>\n",
              "      <td>12,787,641</td>\n",
              "      <td>12,800,922</td>\n",
              "      <td>12,801,989</td>\n",
              "      <td>PA</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>39</th>\n",
              "      <td>Rhode Island</td>\n",
              "      <td>44</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,053,959</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,053,649</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,054,621</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,055,081</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,055,936</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,056,065</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,056,770</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,055,673</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,058,287</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,059,361</td>\n",
              "      <td>RI</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>40</th>\n",
              "      <td>South Carolina</td>\n",
              "      <td>45</td>\n",
              "      <td>4,635,649</td>\n",
              "      <td>4,671,994</td>\n",
              "      <td>4,717,354</td>\n",
              "      <td>4,764,080</td>\n",
              "      <td>4,823,617</td>\n",
              "      <td>4,891,938</td>\n",
              "      <td>4,957,968</td>\n",
              "      <td>5,021,268</td>\n",
              "      <td>5,084,156</td>\n",
              "      <td>5,148,714</td>\n",
              "      <td>SC</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>41</th>\n",
              "      <td>South Dakota</td>\n",
              "      <td>46</td>\n",
              "      <td>816,166</td>\n",
              "      <td>823,579</td>\n",
              "      <td>833,566</td>\n",
              "      <td>842,316</td>\n",
              "      <td>849,129</td>\n",
              "      <td>853,988</td>\n",
              "      <td>862,996</td>\n",
              "      <td>872,868</td>\n",
              "      <td>878,698</td>\n",
              "      <td>884,659</td>\n",
              "      <td>SD</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>42</th>\n",
              "      <td>Tennessee</td>\n",
              "      <td>47</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,355,311</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,399,291</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,453,898</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,494,340</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,541,223</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,591,170</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,646,010</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,708,799</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,771,631</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,829,174</td>\n",
              "      <td>TN</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>43</th>\n",
              "      <td>Texas</td>\n",
              "      <td>48</td>\n",
              "      <td>25,241,971</td>\n",
              "      <td>25,645,629</td>\n",
              "      <td>26,084,481</td>\n",
              "      <td>26,480,266</td>\n",
              "      <td>26,964,333</td>\n",
              "      <td>27,470,056</td>\n",
              "      <td>27,914,410</td>\n",
              "      <td>28,295,273</td>\n",
              "      <td>28,628,666</td>\n",
              "      <td>28,995,881</td>\n",
              "      <td>TX</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>44</th>\n",
              "      <td>Utah</td>\n",
              "      <td>49</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,775,332</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,814,384</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,853,375</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,897,640</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,936,879</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,981,835</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,041,868</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,101,042</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,153,550</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,205,958</td>\n",
              "      <td>UT</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>45</th>\n",
              "      <td>Vermont</td>\n",
              "      <td>50</td>\n",
              "      <td>625,879</td>\n",
              "      <td>627,049</td>\n",
              "      <td>626,090</td>\n",
              "      <td>626,210</td>\n",
              "      <td>625,214</td>\n",
              "      <td>625,216</td>\n",
              "      <td>623,657</td>\n",
              "      <td>624,344</td>\n",
              "      <td>624,358</td>\n",
              "      <td>623,989</td>\n",
              "      <td>VT</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>46</th>\n",
              "      <td>Virginia</td>\n",
              "      <td>51</td>\n",
              "      <td>8,023,699</td>\n",
              "      <td>8,101,155</td>\n",
              "      <td>8,185,080</td>\n",
              "      <td>8,252,427</td>\n",
              "      <td>8,310,993</td>\n",
              "      <td>8,361,808</td>\n",
              "      <td>8,410,106</td>\n",
              "      <td>8,463,587</td>\n",
              "      <td>8,501,286</td>\n",
              "      <td>8,535,519</td>\n",
              "      <td>VA</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>47</th>\n",
              "      <td>Washington</td>\n",
              "      <td>53</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,742,830</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,826,627</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,897,058</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,963,985</td>\n",
              "      <td>7,054,655</td>\n",
              "      <td>7,163,657</td>\n",
              "      <td>7,294,771</td>\n",
              "      <td>7,423,362</td>\n",
              "      <td>7,523,869</td>\n",
              "      <td>7,614,893</td>\n",
              "      <td>WA</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>48</th>\n",
              "      <td>West Virginia</td>\n",
              "      <td>54</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,854,239</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,856,301</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,856,872</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,853,914</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,849,489</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,842,050</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,831,023</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,817,004</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,804,291</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,792,147</td>\n",
              "      <td>WV</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>49</th>\n",
              "      <td>Wisconsin</td>\n",
              "      <td>55</td>\n",
              "      <td>5,690,475</td>\n",
              "      <td>5,705,288</td>\n",
              "      <td>5,719,960</td>\n",
              "      <td>5,736,754</td>\n",
              "      <td>5,751,525</td>\n",
              "      <td>5,760,940</td>\n",
              "      <td>5,772,628</td>\n",
              "      <td>5,790,186</td>\n",
              "      <td>5,807,406</td>\n",
              "      <td>5,822,434</td>\n",
              "      <td>WI</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>50</th>\n",
              "      <td>Wyoming</td>\n",
              "      <td>56</td>\n",
              "      <td>564,487</td>\n",
              "      <td>567,299</td>\n",
              "      <td>576,305</td>\n",
              "      <td>582,122</td>\n",
              "      <td>582,531</td>\n",
              "      <td>585,613</td>\n",
              "      <td>584,215</td>\n",
              "      <td>578,931</td>\n",
              "      <td>577,601</td>\n",
              "      <td>578,759</td>\n",
              "      <td>WY</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>51</th>\n",
              "      <td>Puerto Rico</td>\n",
              "      <td>72</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,721,525</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,678,732</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,634,488</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,593,077</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,534,874</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,473,232</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,406,672</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,325,286</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,193,354</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,193,694</td>\n",
              "      <td>PR</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "  </tbody>\n",
              "</table>\n",
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              "      quickchartButtonEl.disabled = true;  // To prevent multiple clicks.\n",
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              "        const charts = await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction(\n",
              "            'suggestCharts', [key], {});\n",
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              "        console.error('Error during call to suggestCharts:', error);\n",
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              "        google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
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            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 2
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "df.columns"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "mvOR7hO1pRz8",
        "outputId": "f40ab01b-0e3e-41fc-857f-156ada601546"
      },
      "execution_count": 3,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "Index(['states', 'id', '2010', '2011', '2012', '2013', '2014', '2015', '2016',\n",
              "       '2017', '2018', '2019', 'states_code'],\n",
              "      dtype='object')"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 3
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "new_columns = ['states', 'states_code', 'id', '2010', '2011', '2012', '2013', '2014', '2015', '2016',\n",
        "       '2017', '2018', '2019']\n",
        "df = df.reindex(columns=new_columns)\n",
        "df"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 1000
        },
        "id": "p_kTM0IspU8F",
        "outputId": "947ee8a6-383b-4178-f9a3-f890a7a75eb8"
      },
      "execution_count": 4,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "                  states states_code  id        2010        2011        2012  \\\n",
              "0                Alabama          AL   1   4,785,437   4,799,069   4,815,588   \n",
              "1                 Alaska          AK   2     713,910     722,128     730,443   \n",
              "2                Arizona          AZ   4   6,407,172   6,472,643   6,554,978   \n",
              "3               Arkansas          AR   5   2,921,964   2,940,667   2,952,164   \n",
              "4             California          CA   6  37,319,502  37,638,369  37,948,800   \n",
              "5               Colorado          CO   8   5,047,349   5,121,108   5,192,647   \n",
              "6            Connecticut          CT   9   3,579,114   3,588,283   3,594,547   \n",
              "7               Delaware          DE  10     899,593     907,381     915,179   \n",
              "8   District of Columbia          DC  11     605,226     619,800     634,924   \n",
              "9                Florida          FL  12  18,845,537  19,053,237  19,297,822   \n",
              "10               Georgia          GA  13   9,711,881   9,802,431   9,901,430   \n",
              "11                Hawaii          HI  15   1,363,963   1,379,329   1,394,804   \n",
              "12                 Idaho          ID  16   1,570,746   1,583,910   1,595,324   \n",
              "13              Illinois          IL  17  12,840,503  12,867,454  12,882,510   \n",
              "14               Indiana          IN  18   6,490,432   6,516,528   6,537,703   \n",
              "15                  Iowa          IA  19   3,050,745   3,066,336   3,076,190   \n",
              "16                Kansas          KS  20   2,858,190   2,869,225   2,885,257   \n",
              "17              Kentucky          KY  21   4,348,181   4,369,821   4,386,346   \n",
              "18             Louisiana          LA  22   4,544,532   4,575,625   4,600,972   \n",
              "19                 Maine          ME  23   1,327,629   1,328,284   1,327,729   \n",
              "20              Maryland          MD  24   5,788,645   5,839,419   5,886,992   \n",
              "21         Massachusetts          MA  25   6,566,307   6,613,583   6,663,005   \n",
              "22              Michigan          MI  26   9,877,510   9,882,412   9,897,145   \n",
              "23             Minnesota          MN  27   5,310,828   5,346,143   5,376,643   \n",
              "24           Mississippi          MS  28   2,970,548   2,978,731   2,983,816   \n",
              "25              Missouri          MO  29   5,995,974   6,010,275   6,024,367   \n",
              "26               Montana          MT  30     990,697     997,316   1,003,783   \n",
              "27              Nebraska          NE  31   1,829,542   1,840,672   1,853,303   \n",
              "28                Nevada          NV  32   2,702,405   2,712,730   2,743,996   \n",
              "29         New Hampshire          NH  33   1,316,762   1,320,202   1,324,232   \n",
              "30            New Jersey          NJ  34   8,799,446   8,828,117   8,844,942   \n",
              "31            New Mexico          NM  35   2,064,552   2,080,450   2,087,309   \n",
              "32              New York          NY  36  19,399,878  19,499,241  19,572,932   \n",
              "33        North Carolina          NC  37   9,574,323   9,657,592   9,749,476   \n",
              "34          North Dakota          ND  38     674,715     685,225     701,176   \n",
              "35                  Ohio          OH  39  11,539,336  11,544,663  11,548,923   \n",
              "36              Oklahoma          OK  40   3,759,944   3,788,379   3,818,814   \n",
              "37                Oregon          OR  41   3,837,491   3,872,036   3,899,001   \n",
              "38          Pennsylvania          PA  42  12,711,160  12,745,815  12,767,118   \n",
              "39          Rhode Island          RI  44   1,053,959   1,053,649   1,054,621   \n",
              "40        South Carolina          SC  45   4,635,649   4,671,994   4,717,354   \n",
              "41          South Dakota          SD  46     816,166     823,579     833,566   \n",
              "42             Tennessee          TN  47   6,355,311   6,399,291   6,453,898   \n",
              "43                 Texas          TX  48  25,241,971  25,645,629  26,084,481   \n",
              "44                  Utah          UT  49   2,775,332   2,814,384   2,853,375   \n",
              "45               Vermont          VT  50     625,879     627,049     626,090   \n",
              "46              Virginia          VA  51   8,023,699   8,101,155   8,185,080   \n",
              "47            Washington          WA  53   6,742,830   6,826,627   6,897,058   \n",
              "48         West Virginia          WV  54   1,854,239   1,856,301   1,856,872   \n",
              "49             Wisconsin          WI  55   5,690,475   5,705,288   5,719,960   \n",
              "50               Wyoming          WY  56     564,487     567,299     576,305   \n",
              "51           Puerto Rico          PR  72   3,721,525   3,678,732   3,634,488   \n",
              "\n",
              "          2013        2014        2015        2016        2017        2018  \\\n",
              "0    4,830,081   4,841,799   4,852,347   4,863,525   4,874,486   4,887,681   \n",
              "1      737,068     736,283     737,498     741,456     739,700     735,139   \n",
              "2    6,632,764   6,730,413   6,829,676   6,941,072   7,044,008   7,158,024   \n",
              "3    2,959,400   2,967,392   2,978,048   2,989,918   3,001,345   3,009,733   \n",
              "4   38,260,787  38,596,972  38,918,045  39,167,117  39,358,497  39,461,588   \n",
              "5    5,269,035   5,350,101   5,450,623   5,539,215   5,611,885   5,691,287   \n",
              "6    3,594,841   3,594,524   3,587,122   3,578,141   3,573,297   3,571,520   \n",
              "7      923,576     932,487     941,252     948,921     956,823     965,479   \n",
              "8      650,581     662,328     675,400     685,815     694,906     701,547   \n",
              "9   19,545,621  19,845,911  20,209,042  20,613,477  20,963,613  21,244,317   \n",
              "10   9,972,479  10,067,278  10,178,447  10,301,890  10,410,330  10,511,131   \n",
              "11   1,408,243   1,414,538   1,422,052   1,427,559   1,424,393   1,420,593   \n",
              "12   1,611,206   1,631,112   1,651,059   1,682,380   1,717,715   1,750,536   \n",
              "13  12,895,129  12,884,493  12,858,913  12,820,527  12,778,828  12,723,071   \n",
              "14   6,568,713   6,593,644   6,608,422   6,634,304   6,658,078   6,695,497   \n",
              "15   3,092,997   3,109,350   3,120,960   3,131,371   3,141,550   3,148,618   \n",
              "16   2,893,212   2,900,475   2,909,011   2,910,844   2,908,718   2,911,359   \n",
              "17   4,404,659   4,414,349   4,425,976   4,438,182   4,452,268   4,461,153   \n",
              "18   4,624,527   4,644,013   4,664,628   4,678,135   4,670,560   4,659,690   \n",
              "19   1,328,009   1,330,513   1,328,262   1,331,317   1,334,612   1,339,057   \n",
              "20   5,923,188   5,957,283   5,985,562   6,003,323   6,023,868   6,035,802   \n",
              "21   6,713,315   6,762,596   6,794,228   6,823,608   6,859,789   6,882,635   \n",
              "22   9,913,065   9,929,848   9,931,715   9,950,571   9,973,114   9,984,072   \n",
              "23   5,413,479   5,451,079   5,482,032   5,522,744   5,566,230   5,606,249   \n",
              "24   2,988,711   2,990,468   2,988,471   2,987,938   2,988,510   2,981,020   \n",
              "25   6,040,715   6,056,202   6,071,732   6,087,135   6,106,670   6,121,623   \n",
              "26   1,013,569   1,021,869   1,030,475   1,040,859   1,052,482   1,060,665   \n",
              "27   1,865,279   1,879,321   1,891,277   1,905,616   1,915,947   1,925,614   \n",
              "28   2,775,970   2,817,628   2,866,939   2,917,563   2,969,905   3,027,341   \n",
              "29   1,326,622   1,333,341   1,336,350   1,342,307   1,348,787   1,353,465   \n",
              "30   8,856,972   8,864,525   8,867,949   8,870,827   8,885,525   8,886,025   \n",
              "31   2,092,273   2,089,568   2,089,291   2,091,630   2,091,784   2,092,741   \n",
              "32  19,624,447  19,651,049  19,654,666  19,633,428  19,589,572  19,530,351   \n",
              "33   9,843,336   9,932,887  10,031,646  10,154,788  10,268,233  10,381,615   \n",
              "34     722,036     737,401     754,066     754,434     754,942     758,080   \n",
              "35  11,576,684  11,602,700  11,617,527  11,634,370  11,659,650  11,676,341   \n",
              "36   3,853,214   3,878,187   3,909,500   3,926,331   3,931,316   3,940,235   \n",
              "37   3,922,468   3,963,244   4,015,792   4,089,976   4,143,625   4,181,886   \n",
              "38  12,776,309  12,788,313  12,784,826  12,782,275  12,787,641  12,800,922   \n",
              "39   1,055,081   1,055,936   1,056,065   1,056,770   1,055,673   1,058,287   \n",
              "40   4,764,080   4,823,617   4,891,938   4,957,968   5,021,268   5,084,156   \n",
              "41     842,316     849,129     853,988     862,996     872,868     878,698   \n",
              "42   6,494,340   6,541,223   6,591,170   6,646,010   6,708,799   6,771,631   \n",
              "43  26,480,266  26,964,333  27,470,056  27,914,410  28,295,273  28,628,666   \n",
              "44   2,897,640   2,936,879   2,981,835   3,041,868   3,101,042   3,153,550   \n",
              "45     626,210     625,214     625,216     623,657     624,344     624,358   \n",
              "46   8,252,427   8,310,993   8,361,808   8,410,106   8,463,587   8,501,286   \n",
              "47   6,963,985   7,054,655   7,163,657   7,294,771   7,423,362   7,523,869   \n",
              "48   1,853,914   1,849,489   1,842,050   1,831,023   1,817,004   1,804,291   \n",
              "49   5,736,754   5,751,525   5,760,940   5,772,628   5,790,186   5,807,406   \n",
              "50     582,122     582,531     585,613     584,215     578,931     577,601   \n",
              "51   3,593,077   3,534,874   3,473,232   3,406,672   3,325,286   3,193,354   \n",
              "\n",
              "          2019  \n",
              "0    4,903,185  \n",
              "1      731,545  \n",
              "2    7,278,717  \n",
              "3    3,017,804  \n",
              "4   39,512,223  \n",
              "5    5,758,736  \n",
              "6    3,565,287  \n",
              "7      973,764  \n",
              "8      705,749  \n",
              "9   21,477,737  \n",
              "10  10,617,423  \n",
              "11   1,415,872  \n",
              "12   1,787,065  \n",
              "13  12,671,821  \n",
              "14   6,732,219  \n",
              "15   3,155,070  \n",
              "16   2,913,314  \n",
              "17   4,467,673  \n",
              "18   4,648,794  \n",
              "19   1,344,212  \n",
              "20   6,045,680  \n",
              "21   6,892,503  \n",
              "22   9,986,857  \n",
              "23   5,639,632  \n",
              "24   2,976,149  \n",
              "25   6,137,428  \n",
              "26   1,068,778  \n",
              "27   1,934,408  \n",
              "28   3,080,156  \n",
              "29   1,359,711  \n",
              "30   8,882,190  \n",
              "31   2,096,829  \n",
              "32  19,453,561  \n",
              "33  10,488,084  \n",
              "34     762,062  \n",
              "35  11,689,100  \n",
              "36   3,956,971  \n",
              "37   4,217,737  \n",
              "38  12,801,989  \n",
              "39   1,059,361  \n",
              "40   5,148,714  \n",
              "41     884,659  \n",
              "42   6,829,174  \n",
              "43  28,995,881  \n",
              "44   3,205,958  \n",
              "45     623,989  \n",
              "46   8,535,519  \n",
              "47   7,614,893  \n",
              "48   1,792,147  \n",
              "49   5,822,434  \n",
              "50     578,759  \n",
              "51   3,193,694  "
            ],
            "text/html": [
              "\n",
              "  <div id=\"df-dccb6b9c-bd3e-4959-ab64-fe4534c0c405\" class=\"colab-df-container\">\n",
              "    <div>\n",
              "<style scoped>\n",
              "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
              "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
              "        vertical-align: top;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
              "        text-align: right;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "</style>\n",
              "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
              "  <thead>\n",
              "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
              "      <th></th>\n",
              "      <th>states</th>\n",
              "      <th>states_code</th>\n",
              "      <th>id</th>\n",
              "      <th>2010</th>\n",
              "      <th>2011</th>\n",
              "      <th>2012</th>\n",
              "      <th>2013</th>\n",
              "      <th>2014</th>\n",
              "      <th>2015</th>\n",
              "      <th>2016</th>\n",
              "      <th>2017</th>\n",
              "      <th>2018</th>\n",
              "      <th>2019</th>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "  </thead>\n",
              "  <tbody>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>0</th>\n",
              "      <td>Alabama</td>\n",
              "      <td>AL</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>4,785,437</td>\n",
              "      <td>4,799,069</td>\n",
              "      <td>4,815,588</td>\n",
              "      <td>4,830,081</td>\n",
              "      <td>4,841,799</td>\n",
              "      <td>4,852,347</td>\n",
              "      <td>4,863,525</td>\n",
              "      <td>4,874,486</td>\n",
              "      <td>4,887,681</td>\n",
              "      <td>4,903,185</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>1</th>\n",
              "      <td>Alaska</td>\n",
              "      <td>AK</td>\n",
              "      <td>2</td>\n",
              "      <td>713,910</td>\n",
              "      <td>722,128</td>\n",
              "      <td>730,443</td>\n",
              "      <td>737,068</td>\n",
              "      <td>736,283</td>\n",
              "      <td>737,498</td>\n",
              "      <td>741,456</td>\n",
              "      <td>739,700</td>\n",
              "      <td>735,139</td>\n",
              "      <td>731,545</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>2</th>\n",
              "      <td>Arizona</td>\n",
              "      <td>AZ</td>\n",
              "      <td>4</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,407,172</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,472,643</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,554,978</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,632,764</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,730,413</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,829,676</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,941,072</td>\n",
              "      <td>7,044,008</td>\n",
              "      <td>7,158,024</td>\n",
              "      <td>7,278,717</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>3</th>\n",
              "      <td>Arkansas</td>\n",
              "      <td>AR</td>\n",
              "      <td>5</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,921,964</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,940,667</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,952,164</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,959,400</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,967,392</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,978,048</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,989,918</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,001,345</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,009,733</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,017,804</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>4</th>\n",
              "      <td>California</td>\n",
              "      <td>CA</td>\n",
              "      <td>6</td>\n",
              "      <td>37,319,502</td>\n",
              "      <td>37,638,369</td>\n",
              "      <td>37,948,800</td>\n",
              "      <td>38,260,787</td>\n",
              "      <td>38,596,972</td>\n",
              "      <td>38,918,045</td>\n",
              "      <td>39,167,117</td>\n",
              "      <td>39,358,497</td>\n",
              "      <td>39,461,588</td>\n",
              "      <td>39,512,223</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>5</th>\n",
              "      <td>Colorado</td>\n",
              "      <td>CO</td>\n",
              "      <td>8</td>\n",
              "      <td>5,047,349</td>\n",
              "      <td>5,121,108</td>\n",
              "      <td>5,192,647</td>\n",
              "      <td>5,269,035</td>\n",
              "      <td>5,350,101</td>\n",
              "      <td>5,450,623</td>\n",
              "      <td>5,539,215</td>\n",
              "      <td>5,611,885</td>\n",
              "      <td>5,691,287</td>\n",
              "      <td>5,758,736</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>6</th>\n",
              "      <td>Connecticut</td>\n",
              "      <td>CT</td>\n",
              "      <td>9</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,579,114</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,588,283</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,594,547</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,594,841</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,594,524</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,587,122</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,578,141</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,573,297</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,571,520</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,565,287</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>7</th>\n",
              "      <td>Delaware</td>\n",
              "      <td>DE</td>\n",
              "      <td>10</td>\n",
              "      <td>899,593</td>\n",
              "      <td>907,381</td>\n",
              "      <td>915,179</td>\n",
              "      <td>923,576</td>\n",
              "      <td>932,487</td>\n",
              "      <td>941,252</td>\n",
              "      <td>948,921</td>\n",
              "      <td>956,823</td>\n",
              "      <td>965,479</td>\n",
              "      <td>973,764</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>8</th>\n",
              "      <td>District of Columbia</td>\n",
              "      <td>DC</td>\n",
              "      <td>11</td>\n",
              "      <td>605,226</td>\n",
              "      <td>619,800</td>\n",
              "      <td>634,924</td>\n",
              "      <td>650,581</td>\n",
              "      <td>662,328</td>\n",
              "      <td>675,400</td>\n",
              "      <td>685,815</td>\n",
              "      <td>694,906</td>\n",
              "      <td>701,547</td>\n",
              "      <td>705,749</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>9</th>\n",
              "      <td>Florida</td>\n",
              "      <td>FL</td>\n",
              "      <td>12</td>\n",
              "      <td>18,845,537</td>\n",
              "      <td>19,053,237</td>\n",
              "      <td>19,297,822</td>\n",
              "      <td>19,545,621</td>\n",
              "      <td>19,845,911</td>\n",
              "      <td>20,209,042</td>\n",
              "      <td>20,613,477</td>\n",
              "      <td>20,963,613</td>\n",
              "      <td>21,244,317</td>\n",
              "      <td>21,477,737</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>10</th>\n",
              "      <td>Georgia</td>\n",
              "      <td>GA</td>\n",
              "      <td>13</td>\n",
              "      <td>9,711,881</td>\n",
              "      <td>9,802,431</td>\n",
              "      <td>9,901,430</td>\n",
              "      <td>9,972,479</td>\n",
              "      <td>10,067,278</td>\n",
              "      <td>10,178,447</td>\n",
              "      <td>10,301,890</td>\n",
              "      <td>10,410,330</td>\n",
              "      <td>10,511,131</td>\n",
              "      <td>10,617,423</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>11</th>\n",
              "      <td>Hawaii</td>\n",
              "      <td>HI</td>\n",
              "      <td>15</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,363,963</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,379,329</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,394,804</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,408,243</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,414,538</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,422,052</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,427,559</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,424,393</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,420,593</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,415,872</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>12</th>\n",
              "      <td>Idaho</td>\n",
              "      <td>ID</td>\n",
              "      <td>16</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,570,746</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,583,910</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,595,324</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,611,206</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,631,112</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,651,059</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,682,380</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,717,715</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,750,536</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,787,065</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>13</th>\n",
              "      <td>Illinois</td>\n",
              "      <td>IL</td>\n",
              "      <td>17</td>\n",
              "      <td>12,840,503</td>\n",
              "      <td>12,867,454</td>\n",
              "      <td>12,882,510</td>\n",
              "      <td>12,895,129</td>\n",
              "      <td>12,884,493</td>\n",
              "      <td>12,858,913</td>\n",
              "      <td>12,820,527</td>\n",
              "      <td>12,778,828</td>\n",
              "      <td>12,723,071</td>\n",
              "      <td>12,671,821</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>14</th>\n",
              "      <td>Indiana</td>\n",
              "      <td>IN</td>\n",
              "      <td>18</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,490,432</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,516,528</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,537,703</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,568,713</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,593,644</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,608,422</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,634,304</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,658,078</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,695,497</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,732,219</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>15</th>\n",
              "      <td>Iowa</td>\n",
              "      <td>IA</td>\n",
              "      <td>19</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,050,745</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,066,336</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,076,190</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,092,997</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,109,350</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,120,960</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,131,371</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,141,550</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,148,618</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,155,070</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>16</th>\n",
              "      <td>Kansas</td>\n",
              "      <td>KS</td>\n",
              "      <td>20</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,858,190</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,869,225</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,885,257</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,893,212</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,900,475</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,909,011</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,910,844</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,908,718</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,911,359</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,913,314</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>17</th>\n",
              "      <td>Kentucky</td>\n",
              "      <td>KY</td>\n",
              "      <td>21</td>\n",
              "      <td>4,348,181</td>\n",
              "      <td>4,369,821</td>\n",
              "      <td>4,386,346</td>\n",
              "      <td>4,404,659</td>\n",
              "      <td>4,414,349</td>\n",
              "      <td>4,425,976</td>\n",
              "      <td>4,438,182</td>\n",
              "      <td>4,452,268</td>\n",
              "      <td>4,461,153</td>\n",
              "      <td>4,467,673</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>18</th>\n",
              "      <td>Louisiana</td>\n",
              "      <td>LA</td>\n",
              "      <td>22</td>\n",
              "      <td>4,544,532</td>\n",
              "      <td>4,575,625</td>\n",
              "      <td>4,600,972</td>\n",
              "      <td>4,624,527</td>\n",
              "      <td>4,644,013</td>\n",
              "      <td>4,664,628</td>\n",
              "      <td>4,678,135</td>\n",
              "      <td>4,670,560</td>\n",
              "      <td>4,659,690</td>\n",
              "      <td>4,648,794</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>19</th>\n",
              "      <td>Maine</td>\n",
              "      <td>ME</td>\n",
              "      <td>23</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,327,629</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,328,284</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,327,729</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,328,009</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,330,513</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,328,262</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,331,317</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,334,612</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,339,057</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,344,212</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>20</th>\n",
              "      <td>Maryland</td>\n",
              "      <td>MD</td>\n",
              "      <td>24</td>\n",
              "      <td>5,788,645</td>\n",
              "      <td>5,839,419</td>\n",
              "      <td>5,886,992</td>\n",
              "      <td>5,923,188</td>\n",
              "      <td>5,957,283</td>\n",
              "      <td>5,985,562</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,003,323</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,023,868</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,035,802</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,045,680</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>21</th>\n",
              "      <td>Massachusetts</td>\n",
              "      <td>MA</td>\n",
              "      <td>25</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,566,307</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,613,583</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,663,005</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,713,315</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,762,596</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,794,228</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,823,608</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,859,789</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,882,635</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,892,503</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>22</th>\n",
              "      <td>Michigan</td>\n",
              "      <td>MI</td>\n",
              "      <td>26</td>\n",
              "      <td>9,877,510</td>\n",
              "      <td>9,882,412</td>\n",
              "      <td>9,897,145</td>\n",
              "      <td>9,913,065</td>\n",
              "      <td>9,929,848</td>\n",
              "      <td>9,931,715</td>\n",
              "      <td>9,950,571</td>\n",
              "      <td>9,973,114</td>\n",
              "      <td>9,984,072</td>\n",
              "      <td>9,986,857</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>23</th>\n",
              "      <td>Minnesota</td>\n",
              "      <td>MN</td>\n",
              "      <td>27</td>\n",
              "      <td>5,310,828</td>\n",
              "      <td>5,346,143</td>\n",
              "      <td>5,376,643</td>\n",
              "      <td>5,413,479</td>\n",
              "      <td>5,451,079</td>\n",
              "      <td>5,482,032</td>\n",
              "      <td>5,522,744</td>\n",
              "      <td>5,566,230</td>\n",
              "      <td>5,606,249</td>\n",
              "      <td>5,639,632</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>24</th>\n",
              "      <td>Mississippi</td>\n",
              "      <td>MS</td>\n",
              "      <td>28</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,970,548</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,978,731</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,983,816</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,988,711</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,990,468</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,988,471</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,987,938</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,988,510</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,981,020</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,976,149</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>25</th>\n",
              "      <td>Missouri</td>\n",
              "      <td>MO</td>\n",
              "      <td>29</td>\n",
              "      <td>5,995,974</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,010,275</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,024,367</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,040,715</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,056,202</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,071,732</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,087,135</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,106,670</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,121,623</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,137,428</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>26</th>\n",
              "      <td>Montana</td>\n",
              "      <td>MT</td>\n",
              "      <td>30</td>\n",
              "      <td>990,697</td>\n",
              "      <td>997,316</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,003,783</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,013,569</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,021,869</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,030,475</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,040,859</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,052,482</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,060,665</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,068,778</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>27</th>\n",
              "      <td>Nebraska</td>\n",
              "      <td>NE</td>\n",
              "      <td>31</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,829,542</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,840,672</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,853,303</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,865,279</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,879,321</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,891,277</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,905,616</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,915,947</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,925,614</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,934,408</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>28</th>\n",
              "      <td>Nevada</td>\n",
              "      <td>NV</td>\n",
              "      <td>32</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,702,405</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,712,730</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,743,996</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,775,970</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,817,628</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,866,939</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,917,563</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,969,905</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,027,341</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,080,156</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>29</th>\n",
              "      <td>New Hampshire</td>\n",
              "      <td>NH</td>\n",
              "      <td>33</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,316,762</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,320,202</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,324,232</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,326,622</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,333,341</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,336,350</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,342,307</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,348,787</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,353,465</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,359,711</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>30</th>\n",
              "      <td>New Jersey</td>\n",
              "      <td>NJ</td>\n",
              "      <td>34</td>\n",
              "      <td>8,799,446</td>\n",
              "      <td>8,828,117</td>\n",
              "      <td>8,844,942</td>\n",
              "      <td>8,856,972</td>\n",
              "      <td>8,864,525</td>\n",
              "      <td>8,867,949</td>\n",
              "      <td>8,870,827</td>\n",
              "      <td>8,885,525</td>\n",
              "      <td>8,886,025</td>\n",
              "      <td>8,882,190</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>31</th>\n",
              "      <td>New Mexico</td>\n",
              "      <td>NM</td>\n",
              "      <td>35</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,064,552</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,080,450</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,087,309</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,092,273</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,089,568</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,089,291</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,091,630</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,091,784</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,092,741</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,096,829</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>32</th>\n",
              "      <td>New York</td>\n",
              "      <td>NY</td>\n",
              "      <td>36</td>\n",
              "      <td>19,399,878</td>\n",
              "      <td>19,499,241</td>\n",
              "      <td>19,572,932</td>\n",
              "      <td>19,624,447</td>\n",
              "      <td>19,651,049</td>\n",
              "      <td>19,654,666</td>\n",
              "      <td>19,633,428</td>\n",
              "      <td>19,589,572</td>\n",
              "      <td>19,530,351</td>\n",
              "      <td>19,453,561</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>33</th>\n",
              "      <td>North Carolina</td>\n",
              "      <td>NC</td>\n",
              "      <td>37</td>\n",
              "      <td>9,574,323</td>\n",
              "      <td>9,657,592</td>\n",
              "      <td>9,749,476</td>\n",
              "      <td>9,843,336</td>\n",
              "      <td>9,932,887</td>\n",
              "      <td>10,031,646</td>\n",
              "      <td>10,154,788</td>\n",
              "      <td>10,268,233</td>\n",
              "      <td>10,381,615</td>\n",
              "      <td>10,488,084</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>34</th>\n",
              "      <td>North Dakota</td>\n",
              "      <td>ND</td>\n",
              "      <td>38</td>\n",
              "      <td>674,715</td>\n",
              "      <td>685,225</td>\n",
              "      <td>701,176</td>\n",
              "      <td>722,036</td>\n",
              "      <td>737,401</td>\n",
              "      <td>754,066</td>\n",
              "      <td>754,434</td>\n",
              "      <td>754,942</td>\n",
              "      <td>758,080</td>\n",
              "      <td>762,062</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>35</th>\n",
              "      <td>Ohio</td>\n",
              "      <td>OH</td>\n",
              "      <td>39</td>\n",
              "      <td>11,539,336</td>\n",
              "      <td>11,544,663</td>\n",
              "      <td>11,548,923</td>\n",
              "      <td>11,576,684</td>\n",
              "      <td>11,602,700</td>\n",
              "      <td>11,617,527</td>\n",
              "      <td>11,634,370</td>\n",
              "      <td>11,659,650</td>\n",
              "      <td>11,676,341</td>\n",
              "      <td>11,689,100</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>36</th>\n",
              "      <td>Oklahoma</td>\n",
              "      <td>OK</td>\n",
              "      <td>40</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,759,944</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,788,379</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,818,814</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,853,214</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,878,187</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,909,500</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,926,331</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,931,316</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,940,235</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,956,971</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>37</th>\n",
              "      <td>Oregon</td>\n",
              "      <td>OR</td>\n",
              "      <td>41</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,837,491</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,872,036</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,899,001</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,922,468</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,963,244</td>\n",
              "      <td>4,015,792</td>\n",
              "      <td>4,089,976</td>\n",
              "      <td>4,143,625</td>\n",
              "      <td>4,181,886</td>\n",
              "      <td>4,217,737</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>38</th>\n",
              "      <td>Pennsylvania</td>\n",
              "      <td>PA</td>\n",
              "      <td>42</td>\n",
              "      <td>12,711,160</td>\n",
              "      <td>12,745,815</td>\n",
              "      <td>12,767,118</td>\n",
              "      <td>12,776,309</td>\n",
              "      <td>12,788,313</td>\n",
              "      <td>12,784,826</td>\n",
              "      <td>12,782,275</td>\n",
              "      <td>12,787,641</td>\n",
              "      <td>12,800,922</td>\n",
              "      <td>12,801,989</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>39</th>\n",
              "      <td>Rhode Island</td>\n",
              "      <td>RI</td>\n",
              "      <td>44</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,053,959</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,053,649</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,054,621</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,055,081</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,055,936</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,056,065</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,056,770</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,055,673</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,058,287</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,059,361</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>40</th>\n",
              "      <td>South Carolina</td>\n",
              "      <td>SC</td>\n",
              "      <td>45</td>\n",
              "      <td>4,635,649</td>\n",
              "      <td>4,671,994</td>\n",
              "      <td>4,717,354</td>\n",
              "      <td>4,764,080</td>\n",
              "      <td>4,823,617</td>\n",
              "      <td>4,891,938</td>\n",
              "      <td>4,957,968</td>\n",
              "      <td>5,021,268</td>\n",
              "      <td>5,084,156</td>\n",
              "      <td>5,148,714</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>41</th>\n",
              "      <td>South Dakota</td>\n",
              "      <td>SD</td>\n",
              "      <td>46</td>\n",
              "      <td>816,166</td>\n",
              "      <td>823,579</td>\n",
              "      <td>833,566</td>\n",
              "      <td>842,316</td>\n",
              "      <td>849,129</td>\n",
              "      <td>853,988</td>\n",
              "      <td>862,996</td>\n",
              "      <td>872,868</td>\n",
              "      <td>878,698</td>\n",
              "      <td>884,659</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>42</th>\n",
              "      <td>Tennessee</td>\n",
              "      <td>TN</td>\n",
              "      <td>47</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,355,311</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,399,291</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,453,898</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,494,340</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,541,223</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,591,170</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,646,010</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,708,799</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,771,631</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,829,174</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>43</th>\n",
              "      <td>Texas</td>\n",
              "      <td>TX</td>\n",
              "      <td>48</td>\n",
              "      <td>25,241,971</td>\n",
              "      <td>25,645,629</td>\n",
              "      <td>26,084,481</td>\n",
              "      <td>26,480,266</td>\n",
              "      <td>26,964,333</td>\n",
              "      <td>27,470,056</td>\n",
              "      <td>27,914,410</td>\n",
              "      <td>28,295,273</td>\n",
              "      <td>28,628,666</td>\n",
              "      <td>28,995,881</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>44</th>\n",
              "      <td>Utah</td>\n",
              "      <td>UT</td>\n",
              "      <td>49</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,775,332</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,814,384</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,853,375</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,897,640</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,936,879</td>\n",
              "      <td>2,981,835</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,041,868</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,101,042</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,153,550</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,205,958</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>45</th>\n",
              "      <td>Vermont</td>\n",
              "      <td>VT</td>\n",
              "      <td>50</td>\n",
              "      <td>625,879</td>\n",
              "      <td>627,049</td>\n",
              "      <td>626,090</td>\n",
              "      <td>626,210</td>\n",
              "      <td>625,214</td>\n",
              "      <td>625,216</td>\n",
              "      <td>623,657</td>\n",
              "      <td>624,344</td>\n",
              "      <td>624,358</td>\n",
              "      <td>623,989</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>46</th>\n",
              "      <td>Virginia</td>\n",
              "      <td>VA</td>\n",
              "      <td>51</td>\n",
              "      <td>8,023,699</td>\n",
              "      <td>8,101,155</td>\n",
              "      <td>8,185,080</td>\n",
              "      <td>8,252,427</td>\n",
              "      <td>8,310,993</td>\n",
              "      <td>8,361,808</td>\n",
              "      <td>8,410,106</td>\n",
              "      <td>8,463,587</td>\n",
              "      <td>8,501,286</td>\n",
              "      <td>8,535,519</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>47</th>\n",
              "      <td>Washington</td>\n",
              "      <td>WA</td>\n",
              "      <td>53</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,742,830</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,826,627</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,897,058</td>\n",
              "      <td>6,963,985</td>\n",
              "      <td>7,054,655</td>\n",
              "      <td>7,163,657</td>\n",
              "      <td>7,294,771</td>\n",
              "      <td>7,423,362</td>\n",
              "      <td>7,523,869</td>\n",
              "      <td>7,614,893</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>48</th>\n",
              "      <td>West Virginia</td>\n",
              "      <td>WV</td>\n",
              "      <td>54</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,854,239</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,856,301</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,856,872</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,853,914</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,849,489</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,842,050</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,831,023</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,817,004</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,804,291</td>\n",
              "      <td>1,792,147</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>49</th>\n",
              "      <td>Wisconsin</td>\n",
              "      <td>WI</td>\n",
              "      <td>55</td>\n",
              "      <td>5,690,475</td>\n",
              "      <td>5,705,288</td>\n",
              "      <td>5,719,960</td>\n",
              "      <td>5,736,754</td>\n",
              "      <td>5,751,525</td>\n",
              "      <td>5,760,940</td>\n",
              "      <td>5,772,628</td>\n",
              "      <td>5,790,186</td>\n",
              "      <td>5,807,406</td>\n",
              "      <td>5,822,434</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>50</th>\n",
              "      <td>Wyoming</td>\n",
              "      <td>WY</td>\n",
              "      <td>56</td>\n",
              "      <td>564,487</td>\n",
              "      <td>567,299</td>\n",
              "      <td>576,305</td>\n",
              "      <td>582,122</td>\n",
              "      <td>582,531</td>\n",
              "      <td>585,613</td>\n",
              "      <td>584,215</td>\n",
              "      <td>578,931</td>\n",
              "      <td>577,601</td>\n",
              "      <td>578,759</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>51</th>\n",
              "      <td>Puerto Rico</td>\n",
              "      <td>PR</td>\n",
              "      <td>72</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,721,525</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,678,732</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,634,488</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,593,077</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,534,874</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,473,232</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,406,672</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,325,286</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,193,354</td>\n",
              "      <td>3,193,694</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "  </tbody>\n",
              "</table>\n",
              "</div>\n",
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              "      width: 32px;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .colab-df-convert:hover {\n",
              "      background-color: #E2EBFA;\n",
              "      box-shadow: 0px 1px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3), 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);\n",
              "      fill: #174EA6;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .colab-df-buttons div {\n",
              "      margin-bottom: 4px;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    [theme=dark] .colab-df-convert {\n",
              "      background-color: #3B4455;\n",
              "      fill: #D2E3FC;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    [theme=dark] .colab-df-convert:hover {\n",
              "      background-color: #434B5C;\n",
              "      box-shadow: 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);\n",
              "      filter: drop-shadow(0px 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3));\n",
              "      fill: #FFFFFF;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "  </style>\n",
              "\n",
              "    <script>\n",
              "      const buttonEl =\n",
              "        document.querySelector('#df-dccb6b9c-bd3e-4959-ab64-fe4534c0c405 button.colab-df-convert');\n",
              "      buttonEl.style.display =\n",
              "        google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
              "\n",
              "      async function convertToInteractive(key) {\n",
              "        const element = document.querySelector('#df-dccb6b9c-bd3e-4959-ab64-fe4534c0c405');\n",
              "        const dataTable =\n",
              "          await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction('convertToInteractive',\n",
              "                                                    [key], {});\n",
              "        if (!dataTable) return;\n",
              "\n",
              "        const docLinkHtml = 'Like what you see? Visit the ' +\n",
              "          '<a target=\"_blank\" href=https://colab.research.google.com/notebooks/data_table.ipynb>data table notebook</a>'\n",
              "          + ' to learn more about interactive tables.';\n",
              "        element.innerHTML = '';\n",
              "        dataTable['output_type'] = 'display_data';\n",
              "        await google.colab.output.renderOutput(dataTable, element);\n",
              "        const docLink = document.createElement('div');\n",
              "        docLink.innerHTML = docLinkHtml;\n",
              "        element.appendChild(docLink);\n",
              "      }\n",
              "    </script>\n",
              "  </div>\n",
              "\n",
              "\n",
              "<div id=\"df-3877c2c4-710c-4fd7-ac68-35db886c3a32\">\n",
              "  <button class=\"colab-df-quickchart\" onclick=\"quickchart('df-3877c2c4-710c-4fd7-ac68-35db886c3a32')\"\n",
              "            title=\"Suggest charts\"\n",
              "            style=\"display:none;\">\n",
              "\n",
              "<svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" height=\"24px\"viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"\n",
              "     width=\"24px\">\n",
              "    <g>\n",
              "        <path d=\"M19 3H5c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h14c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V5c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zM9 17H7v-7h2v7zm4 0h-2V7h2v10zm4 0h-2v-4h2v4z\"/>\n",
              "    </g>\n",
              "</svg>\n",
              "  </button>\n",
              "\n",
              "<style>\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
              "      --bg-color: #E8F0FE;\n",
              "      --fill-color: #1967D2;\n",
              "      --hover-bg-color: #E2EBFA;\n",
              "      --hover-fill-color: #174EA6;\n",
              "      --disabled-fill-color: #AAA;\n",
              "      --disabled-bg-color: #DDD;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  [theme=dark] .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
              "      --bg-color: #3B4455;\n",
              "      --fill-color: #D2E3FC;\n",
              "      --hover-bg-color: #434B5C;\n",
              "      --hover-fill-color: #FFFFFF;\n",
              "      --disabled-bg-color: #3B4455;\n",
              "      --disabled-fill-color: #666;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
              "    background-color: var(--bg-color);\n",
              "    border: none;\n",
              "    border-radius: 50%;\n",
              "    cursor: pointer;\n",
              "    display: none;\n",
              "    fill: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    height: 32px;\n",
              "    padding: 0;\n",
              "    width: 32px;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart:hover {\n",
              "    background-color: var(--hover-bg-color);\n",
              "    box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3), 0 1px 3px 1px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);\n",
              "    fill: var(--button-hover-fill-color);\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart-complete:disabled,\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart-complete:disabled:hover {\n",
              "    background-color: var(--disabled-bg-color);\n",
              "    fill: var(--disabled-fill-color);\n",
              "    box-shadow: none;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-spinner {\n",
              "    border: 2px solid var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    border-color: transparent;\n",
              "    border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    animation:\n",
              "      spin 1s steps(1) infinite;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  @keyframes spin {\n",
              "    0% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    20% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    30% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    40% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    60% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    80% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    90% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "  }\n",
              "</style>\n",
              "\n",
              "  <script>\n",
              "    async function quickchart(key) {\n",
              "      const quickchartButtonEl =\n",
              "        document.querySelector('#' + key + ' button');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.disabled = true;  // To prevent multiple clicks.\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-spinner');\n",
              "      try {\n",
              "        const charts = await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction(\n",
              "            'suggestCharts', [key], {});\n",
              "      } catch (error) {\n",
              "        console.error('Error during call to suggestCharts:', error);\n",
              "      }\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.remove('colab-df-spinner');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-quickchart-complete');\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    (() => {\n",
              "      let quickchartButtonEl =\n",
              "        document.querySelector('#df-3877c2c4-710c-4fd7-ac68-35db886c3a32 button');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.style.display =\n",
              "        google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
              "    })();\n",
              "  </script>\n",
              "</div>\n",
              "    </div>\n",
              "  </div>\n"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 4
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "# Save data to CSV\n",
        "df.to_csv('us-population-2010-2019-states-code.csv', index=False)"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "91aS3EKCn6Hv"
      },
      "execution_count": 5,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": [
        "## Data pre-processing"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "ljlic4GgsbCr"
      }
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "# Reshape the DataFrame\n",
        "df_reshaped = pd.melt(df, id_vars=['states', 'states_code', 'id'], var_name='year', value_name='population')\n",
        "\n",
        "# Convert 'year' column values to integers\n",
        "df_reshaped['states'] = df_reshaped['states'].astype(str)\n",
        "df_reshaped['year'] = df_reshaped['year'].astype(int)\n",
        "df_reshaped['population'] = df_reshaped['population'].str.replace(',', '').astype(int)\n",
        "\n",
        "df_reshaped"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 424
        },
        "id": "SgaksqEUJPnt",
        "outputId": "9f24f21e-508e-4f12-eb0d-04169af84b7e"
      },
      "execution_count": 6,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "            states states_code  id  year  population\n",
              "0          Alabama          AL   1  2010     4785437\n",
              "1           Alaska          AK   2  2010      713910\n",
              "2          Arizona          AZ   4  2010     6407172\n",
              "3         Arkansas          AR   5  2010     2921964\n",
              "4       California          CA   6  2010    37319502\n",
              "..             ...         ...  ..   ...         ...\n",
              "515     Washington          WA  53  2019     7614893\n",
              "516  West Virginia          WV  54  2019     1792147\n",
              "517      Wisconsin          WI  55  2019     5822434\n",
              "518        Wyoming          WY  56  2019      578759\n",
              "519    Puerto Rico          PR  72  2019     3193694\n",
              "\n",
              "[520 rows x 5 columns]"
            ],
            "text/html": [
              "\n",
              "  <div id=\"df-5cd847b6-a913-46b2-a16c-668ca1cf8e12\" class=\"colab-df-container\">\n",
              "    <div>\n",
              "<style scoped>\n",
              "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
              "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
              "        vertical-align: top;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
              "        text-align: right;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "</style>\n",
              "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
              "  <thead>\n",
              "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
              "      <th></th>\n",
              "      <th>states</th>\n",
              "      <th>states_code</th>\n",
              "      <th>id</th>\n",
              "      <th>year</th>\n",
              "      <th>population</th>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "  </thead>\n",
              "  <tbody>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>0</th>\n",
              "      <td>Alabama</td>\n",
              "      <td>AL</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>2010</td>\n",
              "      <td>4785437</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>1</th>\n",
              "      <td>Alaska</td>\n",
              "      <td>AK</td>\n",
              "      <td>2</td>\n",
              "      <td>2010</td>\n",
              "      <td>713910</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>2</th>\n",
              "      <td>Arizona</td>\n",
              "      <td>AZ</td>\n",
              "      <td>4</td>\n",
              "      <td>2010</td>\n",
              "      <td>6407172</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>3</th>\n",
              "      <td>Arkansas</td>\n",
              "      <td>AR</td>\n",
              "      <td>5</td>\n",
              "      <td>2010</td>\n",
              "      <td>2921964</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>4</th>\n",
              "      <td>California</td>\n",
              "      <td>CA</td>\n",
              "      <td>6</td>\n",
              "      <td>2010</td>\n",
              "      <td>37319502</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>...</th>\n",
              "      <td>...</td>\n",
              "      <td>...</td>\n",
              "      <td>...</td>\n",
              "      <td>...</td>\n",
              "      <td>...</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>515</th>\n",
              "      <td>Washington</td>\n",
              "      <td>WA</td>\n",
              "      <td>53</td>\n",
              "      <td>2019</td>\n",
              "      <td>7614893</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>516</th>\n",
              "      <td>West Virginia</td>\n",
              "      <td>WV</td>\n",
              "      <td>54</td>\n",
              "      <td>2019</td>\n",
              "      <td>1792147</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>517</th>\n",
              "      <td>Wisconsin</td>\n",
              "      <td>WI</td>\n",
              "      <td>55</td>\n",
              "      <td>2019</td>\n",
              "      <td>5822434</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>518</th>\n",
              "      <td>Wyoming</td>\n",
              "      <td>WY</td>\n",
              "      <td>56</td>\n",
              "      <td>2019</td>\n",
              "      <td>578759</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>519</th>\n",
              "      <td>Puerto Rico</td>\n",
              "      <td>PR</td>\n",
              "      <td>72</td>\n",
              "      <td>2019</td>\n",
              "      <td>3193694</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "  </tbody>\n",
              "</table>\n",
              "<p>520 rows × 5 columns</p>\n",
              "</div>\n",
              "    <div class=\"colab-df-buttons\">\n",
              "\n",
              "  <div class=\"colab-df-container\">\n",
              "    <button class=\"colab-df-convert\" onclick=\"convertToInteractive('df-5cd847b6-a913-46b2-a16c-668ca1cf8e12')\"\n",
              "            title=\"Convert this dataframe to an interactive table.\"\n",
              "            style=\"display:none;\">\n",
              "\n",
              "  <svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" height=\"24px\" viewBox=\"0 -960 960 960\">\n",
              "    <path d=\"M120-120v-720h720v720H120Zm60-500h600v-160H180v160Zm220 220h160v-160H400v160Zm0 220h160v-160H400v160ZM180-400h160v-160H180v160Zm440 0h160v-160H620v160ZM180-180h160v-160H180v160Zm440 0h160v-160H620v160Z\"/>\n",
              "  </svg>\n",
              "    </button>\n",
              "\n",
              "  <style>\n",
              "    .colab-df-container {\n",
              "      display:flex;\n",
              "      gap: 12px;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .colab-df-convert {\n",
              "      background-color: #E8F0FE;\n",
              "      border: none;\n",
              "      border-radius: 50%;\n",
              "      cursor: pointer;\n",
              "      display: none;\n",
              "      fill: #1967D2;\n",
              "      height: 32px;\n",
              "      padding: 0 0 0 0;\n",
              "      width: 32px;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .colab-df-convert:hover {\n",
              "      background-color: #E2EBFA;\n",
              "      box-shadow: 0px 1px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3), 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);\n",
              "      fill: #174EA6;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .colab-df-buttons div {\n",
              "      margin-bottom: 4px;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    [theme=dark] .colab-df-convert {\n",
              "      background-color: #3B4455;\n",
              "      fill: #D2E3FC;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    [theme=dark] .colab-df-convert:hover {\n",
              "      background-color: #434B5C;\n",
              "      box-shadow: 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);\n",
              "      filter: drop-shadow(0px 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3));\n",
              "      fill: #FFFFFF;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "  </style>\n",
              "\n",
              "    <script>\n",
              "      const buttonEl =\n",
              "        document.querySelector('#df-5cd847b6-a913-46b2-a16c-668ca1cf8e12 button.colab-df-convert');\n",
              "      buttonEl.style.display =\n",
              "        google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
              "\n",
              "      async function convertToInteractive(key) {\n",
              "        const element = document.querySelector('#df-5cd847b6-a913-46b2-a16c-668ca1cf8e12');\n",
              "        const dataTable =\n",
              "          await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction('convertToInteractive',\n",
              "                                                    [key], {});\n",
              "        if (!dataTable) return;\n",
              "\n",
              "        const docLinkHtml = 'Like what you see? Visit the ' +\n",
              "          '<a target=\"_blank\" href=https://colab.research.google.com/notebooks/data_table.ipynb>data table notebook</a>'\n",
              "          + ' to learn more about interactive tables.';\n",
              "        element.innerHTML = '';\n",
              "        dataTable['output_type'] = 'display_data';\n",
              "        await google.colab.output.renderOutput(dataTable, element);\n",
              "        const docLink = document.createElement('div');\n",
              "        docLink.innerHTML = docLinkHtml;\n",
              "        element.appendChild(docLink);\n",
              "      }\n",
              "    </script>\n",
              "  </div>\n",
              "\n",
              "\n",
              "<div id=\"df-22cb622d-3c8b-41e5-8254-01b6cf0fcc20\">\n",
              "  <button class=\"colab-df-quickchart\" onclick=\"quickchart('df-22cb622d-3c8b-41e5-8254-01b6cf0fcc20')\"\n",
              "            title=\"Suggest charts\"\n",
              "            style=\"display:none;\">\n",
              "\n",
              "<svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" height=\"24px\"viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"\n",
              "     width=\"24px\">\n",
              "    <g>\n",
              "        <path d=\"M19 3H5c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h14c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V5c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zM9 17H7v-7h2v7zm4 0h-2V7h2v10zm4 0h-2v-4h2v4z\"/>\n",
              "    </g>\n",
              "</svg>\n",
              "  </button>\n",
              "\n",
              "<style>\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
              "      --bg-color: #E8F0FE;\n",
              "      --fill-color: #1967D2;\n",
              "      --hover-bg-color: #E2EBFA;\n",
              "      --hover-fill-color: #174EA6;\n",
              "      --disabled-fill-color: #AAA;\n",
              "      --disabled-bg-color: #DDD;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  [theme=dark] .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
              "      --bg-color: #3B4455;\n",
              "      --fill-color: #D2E3FC;\n",
              "      --hover-bg-color: #434B5C;\n",
              "      --hover-fill-color: #FFFFFF;\n",
              "      --disabled-bg-color: #3B4455;\n",
              "      --disabled-fill-color: #666;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
              "    background-color: var(--bg-color);\n",
              "    border: none;\n",
              "    border-radius: 50%;\n",
              "    cursor: pointer;\n",
              "    display: none;\n",
              "    fill: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    height: 32px;\n",
              "    padding: 0;\n",
              "    width: 32px;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart:hover {\n",
              "    background-color: var(--hover-bg-color);\n",
              "    box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3), 0 1px 3px 1px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);\n",
              "    fill: var(--button-hover-fill-color);\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart-complete:disabled,\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart-complete:disabled:hover {\n",
              "    background-color: var(--disabled-bg-color);\n",
              "    fill: var(--disabled-fill-color);\n",
              "    box-shadow: none;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-spinner {\n",
              "    border: 2px solid var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    border-color: transparent;\n",
              "    border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    animation:\n",
              "      spin 1s steps(1) infinite;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  @keyframes spin {\n",
              "    0% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    20% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    30% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    40% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    60% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    80% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    90% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "  }\n",
              "</style>\n",
              "\n",
              "  <script>\n",
              "    async function quickchart(key) {\n",
              "      const quickchartButtonEl =\n",
              "        document.querySelector('#' + key + ' button');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.disabled = true;  // To prevent multiple clicks.\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-spinner');\n",
              "      try {\n",
              "        const charts = await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction(\n",
              "            'suggestCharts', [key], {});\n",
              "      } catch (error) {\n",
              "        console.error('Error during call to suggestCharts:', error);\n",
              "      }\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.remove('colab-df-spinner');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-quickchart-complete');\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    (() => {\n",
              "      let quickchartButtonEl =\n",
              "        document.querySelector('#df-22cb622d-3c8b-41e5-8254-01b6cf0fcc20 button');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.style.display =\n",
              "        google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
              "    })();\n",
              "  </script>\n",
              "</div>\n",
              "    </div>\n",
              "  </div>\n"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 6
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "# Save reshaped data to CSV\n",
        "df_reshaped.to_csv('us-population-2010-2019-reshaped.csv')"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "CGrKAcOs4aUn"
      },
      "execution_count": 7,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "# Subset dataframe by year\n",
        "selected_year = 2019\n",
        "df_selected_year = df_reshaped[df_reshaped.year == selected_year]\n",
        "df_selected_year"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 1000
        },
        "id": "VsIFh2VE4JTd",
        "outputId": "32fd0075-a695-42d3-b593-d5dc9ec4f7f8"
      },
      "execution_count": 8,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "                   states states_code  id  year  population\n",
              "468               Alabama          AL   1  2019     4903185\n",
              "469                Alaska          AK   2  2019      731545\n",
              "470               Arizona          AZ   4  2019     7278717\n",
              "471              Arkansas          AR   5  2019     3017804\n",
              "472            California          CA   6  2019    39512223\n",
              "473              Colorado          CO   8  2019     5758736\n",
              "474           Connecticut          CT   9  2019     3565287\n",
              "475              Delaware          DE  10  2019      973764\n",
              "476  District of Columbia          DC  11  2019      705749\n",
              "477               Florida          FL  12  2019    21477737\n",
              "478               Georgia          GA  13  2019    10617423\n",
              "479                Hawaii          HI  15  2019     1415872\n",
              "480                 Idaho          ID  16  2019     1787065\n",
              "481              Illinois          IL  17  2019    12671821\n",
              "482               Indiana          IN  18  2019     6732219\n",
              "483                  Iowa          IA  19  2019     3155070\n",
              "484                Kansas          KS  20  2019     2913314\n",
              "485              Kentucky          KY  21  2019     4467673\n",
              "486             Louisiana          LA  22  2019     4648794\n",
              "487                 Maine          ME  23  2019     1344212\n",
              "488              Maryland          MD  24  2019     6045680\n",
              "489         Massachusetts          MA  25  2019     6892503\n",
              "490              Michigan          MI  26  2019     9986857\n",
              "491             Minnesota          MN  27  2019     5639632\n",
              "492           Mississippi          MS  28  2019     2976149\n",
              "493              Missouri          MO  29  2019     6137428\n",
              "494               Montana          MT  30  2019     1068778\n",
              "495              Nebraska          NE  31  2019     1934408\n",
              "496                Nevada          NV  32  2019     3080156\n",
              "497         New Hampshire          NH  33  2019     1359711\n",
              "498            New Jersey          NJ  34  2019     8882190\n",
              "499            New Mexico          NM  35  2019     2096829\n",
              "500              New York          NY  36  2019    19453561\n",
              "501        North Carolina          NC  37  2019    10488084\n",
              "502          North Dakota          ND  38  2019      762062\n",
              "503                  Ohio          OH  39  2019    11689100\n",
              "504              Oklahoma          OK  40  2019     3956971\n",
              "505                Oregon          OR  41  2019     4217737\n",
              "506          Pennsylvania          PA  42  2019    12801989\n",
              "507          Rhode Island          RI  44  2019     1059361\n",
              "508        South Carolina          SC  45  2019     5148714\n",
              "509          South Dakota          SD  46  2019      884659\n",
              "510             Tennessee          TN  47  2019     6829174\n",
              "511                 Texas          TX  48  2019    28995881\n",
              "512                  Utah          UT  49  2019     3205958\n",
              "513               Vermont          VT  50  2019      623989\n",
              "514              Virginia          VA  51  2019     8535519\n",
              "515            Washington          WA  53  2019     7614893\n",
              "516         West Virginia          WV  54  2019     1792147\n",
              "517             Wisconsin          WI  55  2019     5822434\n",
              "518               Wyoming          WY  56  2019      578759\n",
              "519           Puerto Rico          PR  72  2019     3193694"
            ],
            "text/html": [
              "\n",
              "  <div id=\"df-e1b8d394-1033-4547-abed-2e7b44c7645b\" class=\"colab-df-container\">\n",
              "    <div>\n",
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              "\n",
              "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
              "        text-align: right;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "</style>\n",
              "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
              "  <thead>\n",
              "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
              "      <th></th>\n",
              "      <th>states</th>\n",
              "      <th>states_code</th>\n",
              "      <th>id</th>\n",
              "      <th>year</th>\n",
              "      <th>population</th>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "  </thead>\n",
              "  <tbody>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>468</th>\n",
              "      <td>Alabama</td>\n",
              "      <td>AL</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>2019</td>\n",
              "      <td>4903185</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>469</th>\n",
              "      <td>Alaska</td>\n",
              "      <td>AK</td>\n",
              "      <td>2</td>\n",
              "      <td>2019</td>\n",
              "      <td>731545</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>470</th>\n",
              "      <td>Arizona</td>\n",
              "      <td>AZ</td>\n",
              "      <td>4</td>\n",
              "      <td>2019</td>\n",
              "      <td>7278717</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>471</th>\n",
              "      <td>Arkansas</td>\n",
              "      <td>AR</td>\n",
              "      <td>5</td>\n",
              "      <td>2019</td>\n",
              "      <td>3017804</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>472</th>\n",
              "      <td>California</td>\n",
              "      <td>CA</td>\n",
              "      <td>6</td>\n",
              "      <td>2019</td>\n",
              "      <td>39512223</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>473</th>\n",
              "      <td>Colorado</td>\n",
              "      <td>CO</td>\n",
              "      <td>8</td>\n",
              "      <td>2019</td>\n",
              "      <td>5758736</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>474</th>\n",
              "      <td>Connecticut</td>\n",
              "      <td>CT</td>\n",
              "      <td>9</td>\n",
              "      <td>2019</td>\n",
              "      <td>3565287</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>475</th>\n",
              "      <td>Delaware</td>\n",
              "      <td>DE</td>\n",
              "      <td>10</td>\n",
              "      <td>2019</td>\n",
              "      <td>973764</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>476</th>\n",
              "      <td>District of Columbia</td>\n",
              "      <td>DC</td>\n",
              "      <td>11</td>\n",
              "      <td>2019</td>\n",
              "      <td>705749</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>477</th>\n",
              "      <td>Florida</td>\n",
              "      <td>FL</td>\n",
              "      <td>12</td>\n",
              "      <td>2019</td>\n",
              "      <td>21477737</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>478</th>\n",
              "      <td>Georgia</td>\n",
              "      <td>GA</td>\n",
              "      <td>13</td>\n",
              "      <td>2019</td>\n",
              "      <td>10617423</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>479</th>\n",
              "      <td>Hawaii</td>\n",
              "      <td>HI</td>\n",
              "      <td>15</td>\n",
              "      <td>2019</td>\n",
              "      <td>1415872</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>480</th>\n",
              "      <td>Idaho</td>\n",
              "      <td>ID</td>\n",
              "      <td>16</td>\n",
              "      <td>2019</td>\n",
              "      <td>1787065</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>481</th>\n",
              "      <td>Illinois</td>\n",
              "      <td>IL</td>\n",
              "      <td>17</td>\n",
              "      <td>2019</td>\n",
              "      <td>12671821</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>482</th>\n",
              "      <td>Indiana</td>\n",
              "      <td>IN</td>\n",
              "      <td>18</td>\n",
              "      <td>2019</td>\n",
              "      <td>6732219</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>483</th>\n",
              "      <td>Iowa</td>\n",
              "      <td>IA</td>\n",
              "      <td>19</td>\n",
              "      <td>2019</td>\n",
              "      <td>3155070</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>484</th>\n",
              "      <td>Kansas</td>\n",
              "      <td>KS</td>\n",
              "      <td>20</td>\n",
              "      <td>2019</td>\n",
              "      <td>2913314</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>485</th>\n",
              "      <td>Kentucky</td>\n",
              "      <td>KY</td>\n",
              "      <td>21</td>\n",
              "      <td>2019</td>\n",
              "      <td>4467673</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>486</th>\n",
              "      <td>Louisiana</td>\n",
              "      <td>LA</td>\n",
              "      <td>22</td>\n",
              "      <td>2019</td>\n",
              "      <td>4648794</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>487</th>\n",
              "      <td>Maine</td>\n",
              "      <td>ME</td>\n",
              "      <td>23</td>\n",
              "      <td>2019</td>\n",
              "      <td>1344212</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>488</th>\n",
              "      <td>Maryland</td>\n",
              "      <td>MD</td>\n",
              "      <td>24</td>\n",
              "      <td>2019</td>\n",
              "      <td>6045680</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>489</th>\n",
              "      <td>Massachusetts</td>\n",
              "      <td>MA</td>\n",
              "      <td>25</td>\n",
              "      <td>2019</td>\n",
              "      <td>6892503</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>490</th>\n",
              "      <td>Michigan</td>\n",
              "      <td>MI</td>\n",
              "      <td>26</td>\n",
              "      <td>2019</td>\n",
              "      <td>9986857</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>491</th>\n",
              "      <td>Minnesota</td>\n",
              "      <td>MN</td>\n",
              "      <td>27</td>\n",
              "      <td>2019</td>\n",
              "      <td>5639632</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>492</th>\n",
              "      <td>Mississippi</td>\n",
              "      <td>MS</td>\n",
              "      <td>28</td>\n",
              "      <td>2019</td>\n",
              "      <td>2976149</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>493</th>\n",
              "      <td>Missouri</td>\n",
              "      <td>MO</td>\n",
              "      <td>29</td>\n",
              "      <td>2019</td>\n",
              "      <td>6137428</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>494</th>\n",
              "      <td>Montana</td>\n",
              "      <td>MT</td>\n",
              "      <td>30</td>\n",
              "      <td>2019</td>\n",
              "      <td>1068778</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>495</th>\n",
              "      <td>Nebraska</td>\n",
              "      <td>NE</td>\n",
              "      <td>31</td>\n",
              "      <td>2019</td>\n",
              "      <td>1934408</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>496</th>\n",
              "      <td>Nevada</td>\n",
              "      <td>NV</td>\n",
              "      <td>32</td>\n",
              "      <td>2019</td>\n",
              "      <td>3080156</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>497</th>\n",
              "      <td>New Hampshire</td>\n",
              "      <td>NH</td>\n",
              "      <td>33</td>\n",
              "      <td>2019</td>\n",
              "      <td>1359711</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>498</th>\n",
              "      <td>New Jersey</td>\n",
              "      <td>NJ</td>\n",
              "      <td>34</td>\n",
              "      <td>2019</td>\n",
              "      <td>8882190</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>499</th>\n",
              "      <td>New Mexico</td>\n",
              "      <td>NM</td>\n",
              "      <td>35</td>\n",
              "      <td>2019</td>\n",
              "      <td>2096829</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>500</th>\n",
              "      <td>New York</td>\n",
              "      <td>NY</td>\n",
              "      <td>36</td>\n",
              "      <td>2019</td>\n",
              "      <td>19453561</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>501</th>\n",
              "      <td>North Carolina</td>\n",
              "      <td>NC</td>\n",
              "      <td>37</td>\n",
              "      <td>2019</td>\n",
              "      <td>10488084</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>502</th>\n",
              "      <td>North Dakota</td>\n",
              "      <td>ND</td>\n",
              "      <td>38</td>\n",
              "      <td>2019</td>\n",
              "      <td>762062</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>503</th>\n",
              "      <td>Ohio</td>\n",
              "      <td>OH</td>\n",
              "      <td>39</td>\n",
              "      <td>2019</td>\n",
              "      <td>11689100</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>504</th>\n",
              "      <td>Oklahoma</td>\n",
              "      <td>OK</td>\n",
              "      <td>40</td>\n",
              "      <td>2019</td>\n",
              "      <td>3956971</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>505</th>\n",
              "      <td>Oregon</td>\n",
              "      <td>OR</td>\n",
              "      <td>41</td>\n",
              "      <td>2019</td>\n",
              "      <td>4217737</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>506</th>\n",
              "      <td>Pennsylvania</td>\n",
              "      <td>PA</td>\n",
              "      <td>42</td>\n",
              "      <td>2019</td>\n",
              "      <td>12801989</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>507</th>\n",
              "      <td>Rhode Island</td>\n",
              "      <td>RI</td>\n",
              "      <td>44</td>\n",
              "      <td>2019</td>\n",
              "      <td>1059361</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>508</th>\n",
              "      <td>South Carolina</td>\n",
              "      <td>SC</td>\n",
              "      <td>45</td>\n",
              "      <td>2019</td>\n",
              "      <td>5148714</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>509</th>\n",
              "      <td>South Dakota</td>\n",
              "      <td>SD</td>\n",
              "      <td>46</td>\n",
              "      <td>2019</td>\n",
              "      <td>884659</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>510</th>\n",
              "      <td>Tennessee</td>\n",
              "      <td>TN</td>\n",
              "      <td>47</td>\n",
              "      <td>2019</td>\n",
              "      <td>6829174</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>511</th>\n",
              "      <td>Texas</td>\n",
              "      <td>TX</td>\n",
              "      <td>48</td>\n",
              "      <td>2019</td>\n",
              "      <td>28995881</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>512</th>\n",
              "      <td>Utah</td>\n",
              "      <td>UT</td>\n",
              "      <td>49</td>\n",
              "      <td>2019</td>\n",
              "      <td>3205958</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>513</th>\n",
              "      <td>Vermont</td>\n",
              "      <td>VT</td>\n",
              "      <td>50</td>\n",
              "      <td>2019</td>\n",
              "      <td>623989</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>514</th>\n",
              "      <td>Virginia</td>\n",
              "      <td>VA</td>\n",
              "      <td>51</td>\n",
              "      <td>2019</td>\n",
              "      <td>8535519</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>515</th>\n",
              "      <td>Washington</td>\n",
              "      <td>WA</td>\n",
              "      <td>53</td>\n",
              "      <td>2019</td>\n",
              "      <td>7614893</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>516</th>\n",
              "      <td>West Virginia</td>\n",
              "      <td>WV</td>\n",
              "      <td>54</td>\n",
              "      <td>2019</td>\n",
              "      <td>1792147</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>517</th>\n",
              "      <td>Wisconsin</td>\n",
              "      <td>WI</td>\n",
              "      <td>55</td>\n",
              "      <td>2019</td>\n",
              "      <td>5822434</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>518</th>\n",
              "      <td>Wyoming</td>\n",
              "      <td>WY</td>\n",
              "      <td>56</td>\n",
              "      <td>2019</td>\n",
              "      <td>578759</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>519</th>\n",
              "      <td>Puerto Rico</td>\n",
              "      <td>PR</td>\n",
              "      <td>72</td>\n",
              "      <td>2019</td>\n",
              "      <td>3193694</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "  </tbody>\n",
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          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 8
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "# Sort by year\n",
        "df_selected_year_sorted = df_selected_year.sort_values(by=\"population\", ascending=False)\n",
        "df_selected_year_sorted"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 1000
        },
        "id": "nH6XuCxFkVWV",
        "outputId": "06465a75-f45c-47bb-f26c-4a4c8152c69b"
      },
      "execution_count": 9,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "                   states states_code  id  year  population\n",
              "472            California          CA   6  2019    39512223\n",
              "511                 Texas          TX  48  2019    28995881\n",
              "477               Florida          FL  12  2019    21477737\n",
              "500              New York          NY  36  2019    19453561\n",
              "506          Pennsylvania          PA  42  2019    12801989\n",
              "481              Illinois          IL  17  2019    12671821\n",
              "503                  Ohio          OH  39  2019    11689100\n",
              "478               Georgia          GA  13  2019    10617423\n",
              "501        North Carolina          NC  37  2019    10488084\n",
              "490              Michigan          MI  26  2019     9986857\n",
              "498            New Jersey          NJ  34  2019     8882190\n",
              "514              Virginia          VA  51  2019     8535519\n",
              "515            Washington          WA  53  2019     7614893\n",
              "470               Arizona          AZ   4  2019     7278717\n",
              "489         Massachusetts          MA  25  2019     6892503\n",
              "510             Tennessee          TN  47  2019     6829174\n",
              "482               Indiana          IN  18  2019     6732219\n",
              "493              Missouri          MO  29  2019     6137428\n",
              "488              Maryland          MD  24  2019     6045680\n",
              "517             Wisconsin          WI  55  2019     5822434\n",
              "473              Colorado          CO   8  2019     5758736\n",
              "491             Minnesota          MN  27  2019     5639632\n",
              "508        South Carolina          SC  45  2019     5148714\n",
              "468               Alabama          AL   1  2019     4903185\n",
              "486             Louisiana          LA  22  2019     4648794\n",
              "485              Kentucky          KY  21  2019     4467673\n",
              "505                Oregon          OR  41  2019     4217737\n",
              "504              Oklahoma          OK  40  2019     3956971\n",
              "474           Connecticut          CT   9  2019     3565287\n",
              "512                  Utah          UT  49  2019     3205958\n",
              "519           Puerto Rico          PR  72  2019     3193694\n",
              "483                  Iowa          IA  19  2019     3155070\n",
              "496                Nevada          NV  32  2019     3080156\n",
              "471              Arkansas          AR   5  2019     3017804\n",
              "492           Mississippi          MS  28  2019     2976149\n",
              "484                Kansas          KS  20  2019     2913314\n",
              "499            New Mexico          NM  35  2019     2096829\n",
              "495              Nebraska          NE  31  2019     1934408\n",
              "516         West Virginia          WV  54  2019     1792147\n",
              "480                 Idaho          ID  16  2019     1787065\n",
              "479                Hawaii          HI  15  2019     1415872\n",
              "497         New Hampshire          NH  33  2019     1359711\n",
              "487                 Maine          ME  23  2019     1344212\n",
              "494               Montana          MT  30  2019     1068778\n",
              "507          Rhode Island          RI  44  2019     1059361\n",
              "475              Delaware          DE  10  2019      973764\n",
              "509          South Dakota          SD  46  2019      884659\n",
              "502          North Dakota          ND  38  2019      762062\n",
              "469                Alaska          AK   2  2019      731545\n",
              "476  District of Columbia          DC  11  2019      705749\n",
              "513               Vermont          VT  50  2019      623989\n",
              "518               Wyoming          WY  56  2019      578759"
            ],
            "text/html": [
              "\n",
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              "  <thead>\n",
              "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
              "      <th></th>\n",
              "      <th>states</th>\n",
              "      <th>states_code</th>\n",
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              "      <th>472</th>\n",
              "      <td>California</td>\n",
              "      <td>CA</td>\n",
              "      <td>6</td>\n",
              "      <td>2019</td>\n",
              "      <td>39512223</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>511</th>\n",
              "      <td>Texas</td>\n",
              "      <td>TX</td>\n",
              "      <td>48</td>\n",
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              "      <td>28995881</td>\n",
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              "      <th>477</th>\n",
              "      <td>Florida</td>\n",
              "      <td>FL</td>\n",
              "      <td>12</td>\n",
              "      <td>2019</td>\n",
              "      <td>21477737</td>\n",
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              "      <th>500</th>\n",
              "      <td>New York</td>\n",
              "      <td>NY</td>\n",
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              "      <td>2019</td>\n",
              "      <td>19453561</td>\n",
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              "      <td>Pennsylvania</td>\n",
              "      <td>PA</td>\n",
              "      <td>42</td>\n",
              "      <td>2019</td>\n",
              "      <td>12801989</td>\n",
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              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>481</th>\n",
              "      <td>Illinois</td>\n",
              "      <td>IL</td>\n",
              "      <td>17</td>\n",
              "      <td>2019</td>\n",
              "      <td>12671821</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
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              "      <th>503</th>\n",
              "      <td>Ohio</td>\n",
              "      <td>OH</td>\n",
              "      <td>39</td>\n",
              "      <td>2019</td>\n",
              "      <td>11689100</td>\n",
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              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>478</th>\n",
              "      <td>Georgia</td>\n",
              "      <td>GA</td>\n",
              "      <td>13</td>\n",
              "      <td>2019</td>\n",
              "      <td>10617423</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>501</th>\n",
              "      <td>North Carolina</td>\n",
              "      <td>NC</td>\n",
              "      <td>37</td>\n",
              "      <td>2019</td>\n",
              "      <td>10488084</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>490</th>\n",
              "      <td>Michigan</td>\n",
              "      <td>MI</td>\n",
              "      <td>26</td>\n",
              "      <td>2019</td>\n",
              "      <td>9986857</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>498</th>\n",
              "      <td>New Jersey</td>\n",
              "      <td>NJ</td>\n",
              "      <td>34</td>\n",
              "      <td>2019</td>\n",
              "      <td>8882190</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>514</th>\n",
              "      <td>Virginia</td>\n",
              "      <td>VA</td>\n",
              "      <td>51</td>\n",
              "      <td>2019</td>\n",
              "      <td>8535519</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>515</th>\n",
              "      <td>Washington</td>\n",
              "      <td>WA</td>\n",
              "      <td>53</td>\n",
              "      <td>2019</td>\n",
              "      <td>7614893</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>470</th>\n",
              "      <td>Arizona</td>\n",
              "      <td>AZ</td>\n",
              "      <td>4</td>\n",
              "      <td>2019</td>\n",
              "      <td>7278717</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
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              "      <th>489</th>\n",
              "      <td>Massachusetts</td>\n",
              "      <td>MA</td>\n",
              "      <td>25</td>\n",
              "      <td>2019</td>\n",
              "      <td>6892503</td>\n",
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              "      <th>510</th>\n",
              "      <td>Tennessee</td>\n",
              "      <td>TN</td>\n",
              "      <td>47</td>\n",
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              "      <td>6829174</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>482</th>\n",
              "      <td>Indiana</td>\n",
              "      <td>IN</td>\n",
              "      <td>18</td>\n",
              "      <td>2019</td>\n",
              "      <td>6732219</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>493</th>\n",
              "      <td>Missouri</td>\n",
              "      <td>MO</td>\n",
              "      <td>29</td>\n",
              "      <td>2019</td>\n",
              "      <td>6137428</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>488</th>\n",
              "      <td>Maryland</td>\n",
              "      <td>MD</td>\n",
              "      <td>24</td>\n",
              "      <td>2019</td>\n",
              "      <td>6045680</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>517</th>\n",
              "      <td>Wisconsin</td>\n",
              "      <td>WI</td>\n",
              "      <td>55</td>\n",
              "      <td>2019</td>\n",
              "      <td>5822434</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
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              "      <th>473</th>\n",
              "      <td>Colorado</td>\n",
              "      <td>CO</td>\n",
              "      <td>8</td>\n",
              "      <td>2019</td>\n",
              "      <td>5758736</td>\n",
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              "      <th>491</th>\n",
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              "      <td>MN</td>\n",
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              "      <td>5639632</td>\n",
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              "      <th>508</th>\n",
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              "      <td>45</td>\n",
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              "      <td>5148714</td>\n",
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              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>468</th>\n",
              "      <td>Alabama</td>\n",
              "      <td>AL</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
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              "      <td>4903185</td>\n",
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              "      <th>486</th>\n",
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              "      <td>4648794</td>\n",
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              "      <th>485</th>\n",
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              "      <th>474</th>\n",
              "      <td>Connecticut</td>\n",
              "      <td>CT</td>\n",
              "      <td>9</td>\n",
              "      <td>2019</td>\n",
              "      <td>3565287</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>512</th>\n",
              "      <td>Utah</td>\n",
              "      <td>UT</td>\n",
              "      <td>49</td>\n",
              "      <td>2019</td>\n",
              "      <td>3205958</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>519</th>\n",
              "      <td>Puerto Rico</td>\n",
              "      <td>PR</td>\n",
              "      <td>72</td>\n",
              "      <td>2019</td>\n",
              "      <td>3193694</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>483</th>\n",
              "      <td>Iowa</td>\n",
              "      <td>IA</td>\n",
              "      <td>19</td>\n",
              "      <td>2019</td>\n",
              "      <td>3155070</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>496</th>\n",
              "      <td>Nevada</td>\n",
              "      <td>NV</td>\n",
              "      <td>32</td>\n",
              "      <td>2019</td>\n",
              "      <td>3080156</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>471</th>\n",
              "      <td>Arkansas</td>\n",
              "      <td>AR</td>\n",
              "      <td>5</td>\n",
              "      <td>2019</td>\n",
              "      <td>3017804</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>492</th>\n",
              "      <td>Mississippi</td>\n",
              "      <td>MS</td>\n",
              "      <td>28</td>\n",
              "      <td>2019</td>\n",
              "      <td>2976149</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>484</th>\n",
              "      <td>Kansas</td>\n",
              "      <td>KS</td>\n",
              "      <td>20</td>\n",
              "      <td>2019</td>\n",
              "      <td>2913314</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>499</th>\n",
              "      <td>New Mexico</td>\n",
              "      <td>NM</td>\n",
              "      <td>35</td>\n",
              "      <td>2019</td>\n",
              "      <td>2096829</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>495</th>\n",
              "      <td>Nebraska</td>\n",
              "      <td>NE</td>\n",
              "      <td>31</td>\n",
              "      <td>2019</td>\n",
              "      <td>1934408</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>516</th>\n",
              "      <td>West Virginia</td>\n",
              "      <td>WV</td>\n",
              "      <td>54</td>\n",
              "      <td>2019</td>\n",
              "      <td>1792147</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>480</th>\n",
              "      <td>Idaho</td>\n",
              "      <td>ID</td>\n",
              "      <td>16</td>\n",
              "      <td>2019</td>\n",
              "      <td>1787065</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>479</th>\n",
              "      <td>Hawaii</td>\n",
              "      <td>HI</td>\n",
              "      <td>15</td>\n",
              "      <td>2019</td>\n",
              "      <td>1415872</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>497</th>\n",
              "      <td>New Hampshire</td>\n",
              "      <td>NH</td>\n",
              "      <td>33</td>\n",
              "      <td>2019</td>\n",
              "      <td>1359711</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>487</th>\n",
              "      <td>Maine</td>\n",
              "      <td>ME</td>\n",
              "      <td>23</td>\n",
              "      <td>2019</td>\n",
              "      <td>1344212</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>494</th>\n",
              "      <td>Montana</td>\n",
              "      <td>MT</td>\n",
              "      <td>30</td>\n",
              "      <td>2019</td>\n",
              "      <td>1068778</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>507</th>\n",
              "      <td>Rhode Island</td>\n",
              "      <td>RI</td>\n",
              "      <td>44</td>\n",
              "      <td>2019</td>\n",
              "      <td>1059361</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>475</th>\n",
              "      <td>Delaware</td>\n",
              "      <td>DE</td>\n",
              "      <td>10</td>\n",
              "      <td>2019</td>\n",
              "      <td>973764</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>509</th>\n",
              "      <td>South Dakota</td>\n",
              "      <td>SD</td>\n",
              "      <td>46</td>\n",
              "      <td>2019</td>\n",
              "      <td>884659</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>502</th>\n",
              "      <td>North Dakota</td>\n",
              "      <td>ND</td>\n",
              "      <td>38</td>\n",
              "      <td>2019</td>\n",
              "      <td>762062</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>469</th>\n",
              "      <td>Alaska</td>\n",
              "      <td>AK</td>\n",
              "      <td>2</td>\n",
              "      <td>2019</td>\n",
              "      <td>731545</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>476</th>\n",
              "      <td>District of Columbia</td>\n",
              "      <td>DC</td>\n",
              "      <td>11</td>\n",
              "      <td>2019</td>\n",
              "      <td>705749</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>513</th>\n",
              "      <td>Vermont</td>\n",
              "      <td>VT</td>\n",
              "      <td>50</td>\n",
              "      <td>2019</td>\n",
              "      <td>623989</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>518</th>\n",
              "      <td>Wyoming</td>\n",
              "      <td>WY</td>\n",
              "      <td>56</td>\n",
              "      <td>2019</td>\n",
              "      <td>578759</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "  </tbody>\n",
              "</table>\n",
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              "  .colab-df-quickchart-complete:disabled,\n",
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              "\n",
              "  @keyframes spin {\n",
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              "\n",
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              "    async function quickchart(key) {\n",
              "      const quickchartButtonEl =\n",
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              "        const charts = await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction(\n",
              "            'suggestCharts', [key], {});\n",
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              "        console.error('Error during call to suggestCharts:', error);\n",
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              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.remove('colab-df-spinner');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-quickchart-complete');\n",
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              "        google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
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              "    </div>\n",
              "  </div>\n"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 9
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "# Calculate population difference between selected and previous year\n",
        "def calculate_population_difference(input_df, input_year):\n",
        "  selected_year_data = input_df[input_df['year'] == input_year].reset_index()\n",
        "  previous_year_data = input_df[input_df['year'] == input_year - 1].reset_index()\n",
        "  selected_year_data['population_difference'] = selected_year_data.population.sub(previous_year_data.population, fill_value=0)\n",
        "  selected_year_data['population_difference_absolute'] = abs(selected_year_data['population_difference'])\n",
        "  return pd.concat([selected_year_data.states, selected_year_data.id, selected_year_data.population, selected_year_data.population_difference, selected_year_data.population_difference_absolute], axis=1).sort_values(by=\"population_difference\", ascending=False)\n",
        "\n",
        "df_population_difference_sorted = calculate_population_difference(df_reshaped, selected_year)\n",
        "df_population_difference_sorted"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 1000
        },
        "id": "JM8sxDepnwMG",
        "outputId": "f123e0f1-b1a2-4a41-b4c0-420b70fe5a53"
      },
      "execution_count": 10,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "                  states  id  population  population_difference  \\\n",
              "43                 Texas  48    28995881                 367215   \n",
              "9                Florida  12    21477737                 233420   \n",
              "2                Arizona   4     7278717                 120693   \n",
              "33        North Carolina  37    10488084                 106469   \n",
              "10               Georgia  13    10617423                 106292   \n",
              "47            Washington  53     7614893                  91024   \n",
              "5               Colorado   8     5758736                  67449   \n",
              "40        South Carolina  45     5148714                  64558   \n",
              "42             Tennessee  47     6829174                  57543   \n",
              "28                Nevada  32     3080156                  52815   \n",
              "44                  Utah  49     3205958                  52408   \n",
              "4             California   6    39512223                  50635   \n",
              "14               Indiana  18     6732219                  36722   \n",
              "12                 Idaho  16     1787065                  36529   \n",
              "37                Oregon  41     4217737                  35851   \n",
              "46              Virginia  51     8535519                  34233   \n",
              "23             Minnesota  27     5639632                  33383   \n",
              "36              Oklahoma  40     3956971                  16736   \n",
              "25              Missouri  29     6137428                  15805   \n",
              "0                Alabama   1     4903185                  15504   \n",
              "49             Wisconsin  55     5822434                  15028   \n",
              "35                  Ohio  39    11689100                  12759   \n",
              "20              Maryland  24     6045680                   9878   \n",
              "21         Massachusetts  25     6892503                   9868   \n",
              "27              Nebraska  31     1934408                   8794   \n",
              "7               Delaware  10      973764                   8285   \n",
              "26               Montana  30     1068778                   8113   \n",
              "3               Arkansas   5     3017804                   8071   \n",
              "17              Kentucky  21     4467673                   6520   \n",
              "15                  Iowa  19     3155070                   6452   \n",
              "29         New Hampshire  33     1359711                   6246   \n",
              "41          South Dakota  46      884659                   5961   \n",
              "19                 Maine  23     1344212                   5155   \n",
              "8   District of Columbia  11      705749                   4202   \n",
              "31            New Mexico  35     2096829                   4088   \n",
              "34          North Dakota  38      762062                   3982   \n",
              "22              Michigan  26     9986857                   2785   \n",
              "16                Kansas  20     2913314                   1955   \n",
              "50               Wyoming  56      578759                   1158   \n",
              "39          Rhode Island  44     1059361                   1074   \n",
              "38          Pennsylvania  42    12801989                   1067   \n",
              "51           Puerto Rico  72     3193694                    340   \n",
              "45               Vermont  50      623989                   -369   \n",
              "1                 Alaska   2      731545                  -3594   \n",
              "30            New Jersey  34     8882190                  -3835   \n",
              "11                Hawaii  15     1415872                  -4721   \n",
              "24           Mississippi  28     2976149                  -4871   \n",
              "6            Connecticut   9     3565287                  -6233   \n",
              "18             Louisiana  22     4648794                 -10896   \n",
              "48         West Virginia  54     1792147                 -12144   \n",
              "13              Illinois  17    12671821                 -51250   \n",
              "32              New York  36    19453561                 -76790   \n",
              "\n",
              "    population_difference_absolute  \n",
              "43                          367215  \n",
              "9                           233420  \n",
              "2                           120693  \n",
              "33                          106469  \n",
              "10                          106292  \n",
              "47                           91024  \n",
              "5                            67449  \n",
              "40                           64558  \n",
              "42                           57543  \n",
              "28                           52815  \n",
              "44                           52408  \n",
              "4                            50635  \n",
              "14                           36722  \n",
              "12                           36529  \n",
              "37                           35851  \n",
              "46                           34233  \n",
              "23                           33383  \n",
              "36                           16736  \n",
              "25                           15805  \n",
              "0                            15504  \n",
              "49                           15028  \n",
              "35                           12759  \n",
              "20                            9878  \n",
              "21                            9868  \n",
              "27                            8794  \n",
              "7                             8285  \n",
              "26                            8113  \n",
              "3                             8071  \n",
              "17                            6520  \n",
              "15                            6452  \n",
              "29                            6246  \n",
              "41                            5961  \n",
              "19                            5155  \n",
              "8                             4202  \n",
              "31                            4088  \n",
              "34                            3982  \n",
              "22                            2785  \n",
              "16                            1955  \n",
              "50                            1158  \n",
              "39                            1074  \n",
              "38                            1067  \n",
              "51                             340  \n",
              "45                             369  \n",
              "1                             3594  \n",
              "30                            3835  \n",
              "11                            4721  \n",
              "24                            4871  \n",
              "6                             6233  \n",
              "18                           10896  \n",
              "48                           12144  \n",
              "13                           51250  \n",
              "32                           76790  "
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              "\n",
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              "  <thead>\n",
              "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
              "      <th></th>\n",
              "      <th>states</th>\n",
              "      <th>id</th>\n",
              "      <th>population</th>\n",
              "      <th>population_difference</th>\n",
              "      <th>population_difference_absolute</th>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "  </thead>\n",
              "  <tbody>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>43</th>\n",
              "      <td>Texas</td>\n",
              "      <td>48</td>\n",
              "      <td>28995881</td>\n",
              "      <td>367215</td>\n",
              "      <td>367215</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>9</th>\n",
              "      <td>Florida</td>\n",
              "      <td>12</td>\n",
              "      <td>21477737</td>\n",
              "      <td>233420</td>\n",
              "      <td>233420</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>2</th>\n",
              "      <td>Arizona</td>\n",
              "      <td>4</td>\n",
              "      <td>7278717</td>\n",
              "      <td>120693</td>\n",
              "      <td>120693</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>33</th>\n",
              "      <td>North Carolina</td>\n",
              "      <td>37</td>\n",
              "      <td>10488084</td>\n",
              "      <td>106469</td>\n",
              "      <td>106469</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>10</th>\n",
              "      <td>Georgia</td>\n",
              "      <td>13</td>\n",
              "      <td>10617423</td>\n",
              "      <td>106292</td>\n",
              "      <td>106292</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>47</th>\n",
              "      <td>Washington</td>\n",
              "      <td>53</td>\n",
              "      <td>7614893</td>\n",
              "      <td>91024</td>\n",
              "      <td>91024</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>5</th>\n",
              "      <td>Colorado</td>\n",
              "      <td>8</td>\n",
              "      <td>5758736</td>\n",
              "      <td>67449</td>\n",
              "      <td>67449</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>40</th>\n",
              "      <td>South Carolina</td>\n",
              "      <td>45</td>\n",
              "      <td>5148714</td>\n",
              "      <td>64558</td>\n",
              "      <td>64558</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>42</th>\n",
              "      <td>Tennessee</td>\n",
              "      <td>47</td>\n",
              "      <td>6829174</td>\n",
              "      <td>57543</td>\n",
              "      <td>57543</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>28</th>\n",
              "      <td>Nevada</td>\n",
              "      <td>32</td>\n",
              "      <td>3080156</td>\n",
              "      <td>52815</td>\n",
              "      <td>52815</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>44</th>\n",
              "      <td>Utah</td>\n",
              "      <td>49</td>\n",
              "      <td>3205958</td>\n",
              "      <td>52408</td>\n",
              "      <td>52408</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>4</th>\n",
              "      <td>California</td>\n",
              "      <td>6</td>\n",
              "      <td>39512223</td>\n",
              "      <td>50635</td>\n",
              "      <td>50635</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>14</th>\n",
              "      <td>Indiana</td>\n",
              "      <td>18</td>\n",
              "      <td>6732219</td>\n",
              "      <td>36722</td>\n",
              "      <td>36722</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>12</th>\n",
              "      <td>Idaho</td>\n",
              "      <td>16</td>\n",
              "      <td>1787065</td>\n",
              "      <td>36529</td>\n",
              "      <td>36529</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>37</th>\n",
              "      <td>Oregon</td>\n",
              "      <td>41</td>\n",
              "      <td>4217737</td>\n",
              "      <td>35851</td>\n",
              "      <td>35851</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>46</th>\n",
              "      <td>Virginia</td>\n",
              "      <td>51</td>\n",
              "      <td>8535519</td>\n",
              "      <td>34233</td>\n",
              "      <td>34233</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>23</th>\n",
              "      <td>Minnesota</td>\n",
              "      <td>27</td>\n",
              "      <td>5639632</td>\n",
              "      <td>33383</td>\n",
              "      <td>33383</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>36</th>\n",
              "      <td>Oklahoma</td>\n",
              "      <td>40</td>\n",
              "      <td>3956971</td>\n",
              "      <td>16736</td>\n",
              "      <td>16736</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>25</th>\n",
              "      <td>Missouri</td>\n",
              "      <td>29</td>\n",
              "      <td>6137428</td>\n",
              "      <td>15805</td>\n",
              "      <td>15805</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>0</th>\n",
              "      <td>Alabama</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>4903185</td>\n",
              "      <td>15504</td>\n",
              "      <td>15504</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>49</th>\n",
              "      <td>Wisconsin</td>\n",
              "      <td>55</td>\n",
              "      <td>5822434</td>\n",
              "      <td>15028</td>\n",
              "      <td>15028</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>35</th>\n",
              "      <td>Ohio</td>\n",
              "      <td>39</td>\n",
              "      <td>11689100</td>\n",
              "      <td>12759</td>\n",
              "      <td>12759</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>20</th>\n",
              "      <td>Maryland</td>\n",
              "      <td>24</td>\n",
              "      <td>6045680</td>\n",
              "      <td>9878</td>\n",
              "      <td>9878</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>21</th>\n",
              "      <td>Massachusetts</td>\n",
              "      <td>25</td>\n",
              "      <td>6892503</td>\n",
              "      <td>9868</td>\n",
              "      <td>9868</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>27</th>\n",
              "      <td>Nebraska</td>\n",
              "      <td>31</td>\n",
              "      <td>1934408</td>\n",
              "      <td>8794</td>\n",
              "      <td>8794</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>7</th>\n",
              "      <td>Delaware</td>\n",
              "      <td>10</td>\n",
              "      <td>973764</td>\n",
              "      <td>8285</td>\n",
              "      <td>8285</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>26</th>\n",
              "      <td>Montana</td>\n",
              "      <td>30</td>\n",
              "      <td>1068778</td>\n",
              "      <td>8113</td>\n",
              "      <td>8113</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>3</th>\n",
              "      <td>Arkansas</td>\n",
              "      <td>5</td>\n",
              "      <td>3017804</td>\n",
              "      <td>8071</td>\n",
              "      <td>8071</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>17</th>\n",
              "      <td>Kentucky</td>\n",
              "      <td>21</td>\n",
              "      <td>4467673</td>\n",
              "      <td>6520</td>\n",
              "      <td>6520</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>15</th>\n",
              "      <td>Iowa</td>\n",
              "      <td>19</td>\n",
              "      <td>3155070</td>\n",
              "      <td>6452</td>\n",
              "      <td>6452</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>29</th>\n",
              "      <td>New Hampshire</td>\n",
              "      <td>33</td>\n",
              "      <td>1359711</td>\n",
              "      <td>6246</td>\n",
              "      <td>6246</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>41</th>\n",
              "      <td>South Dakota</td>\n",
              "      <td>46</td>\n",
              "      <td>884659</td>\n",
              "      <td>5961</td>\n",
              "      <td>5961</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>19</th>\n",
              "      <td>Maine</td>\n",
              "      <td>23</td>\n",
              "      <td>1344212</td>\n",
              "      <td>5155</td>\n",
              "      <td>5155</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>8</th>\n",
              "      <td>District of Columbia</td>\n",
              "      <td>11</td>\n",
              "      <td>705749</td>\n",
              "      <td>4202</td>\n",
              "      <td>4202</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>31</th>\n",
              "      <td>New Mexico</td>\n",
              "      <td>35</td>\n",
              "      <td>2096829</td>\n",
              "      <td>4088</td>\n",
              "      <td>4088</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>34</th>\n",
              "      <td>North Dakota</td>\n",
              "      <td>38</td>\n",
              "      <td>762062</td>\n",
              "      <td>3982</td>\n",
              "      <td>3982</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>22</th>\n",
              "      <td>Michigan</td>\n",
              "      <td>26</td>\n",
              "      <td>9986857</td>\n",
              "      <td>2785</td>\n",
              "      <td>2785</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>16</th>\n",
              "      <td>Kansas</td>\n",
              "      <td>20</td>\n",
              "      <td>2913314</td>\n",
              "      <td>1955</td>\n",
              "      <td>1955</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>50</th>\n",
              "      <td>Wyoming</td>\n",
              "      <td>56</td>\n",
              "      <td>578759</td>\n",
              "      <td>1158</td>\n",
              "      <td>1158</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>39</th>\n",
              "      <td>Rhode Island</td>\n",
              "      <td>44</td>\n",
              "      <td>1059361</td>\n",
              "      <td>1074</td>\n",
              "      <td>1074</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>38</th>\n",
              "      <td>Pennsylvania</td>\n",
              "      <td>42</td>\n",
              "      <td>12801989</td>\n",
              "      <td>1067</td>\n",
              "      <td>1067</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>51</th>\n",
              "      <td>Puerto Rico</td>\n",
              "      <td>72</td>\n",
              "      <td>3193694</td>\n",
              "      <td>340</td>\n",
              "      <td>340</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>45</th>\n",
              "      <td>Vermont</td>\n",
              "      <td>50</td>\n",
              "      <td>623989</td>\n",
              "      <td>-369</td>\n",
              "      <td>369</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>1</th>\n",
              "      <td>Alaska</td>\n",
              "      <td>2</td>\n",
              "      <td>731545</td>\n",
              "      <td>-3594</td>\n",
              "      <td>3594</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>30</th>\n",
              "      <td>New Jersey</td>\n",
              "      <td>34</td>\n",
              "      <td>8882190</td>\n",
              "      <td>-3835</td>\n",
              "      <td>3835</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>11</th>\n",
              "      <td>Hawaii</td>\n",
              "      <td>15</td>\n",
              "      <td>1415872</td>\n",
              "      <td>-4721</td>\n",
              "      <td>4721</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>24</th>\n",
              "      <td>Mississippi</td>\n",
              "      <td>28</td>\n",
              "      <td>2976149</td>\n",
              "      <td>-4871</td>\n",
              "      <td>4871</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>6</th>\n",
              "      <td>Connecticut</td>\n",
              "      <td>9</td>\n",
              "      <td>3565287</td>\n",
              "      <td>-6233</td>\n",
              "      <td>6233</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>18</th>\n",
              "      <td>Louisiana</td>\n",
              "      <td>22</td>\n",
              "      <td>4648794</td>\n",
              "      <td>-10896</td>\n",
              "      <td>10896</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>48</th>\n",
              "      <td>West Virginia</td>\n",
              "      <td>54</td>\n",
              "      <td>1792147</td>\n",
              "      <td>-12144</td>\n",
              "      <td>12144</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>13</th>\n",
              "      <td>Illinois</td>\n",
              "      <td>17</td>\n",
              "      <td>12671821</td>\n",
              "      <td>-51250</td>\n",
              "      <td>51250</td>\n",
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              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>32</th>\n",
              "      <td>New York</td>\n",
              "      <td>36</td>\n",
              "      <td>19453561</td>\n",
              "      <td>-76790</td>\n",
              "      <td>76790</td>\n",
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              "      --hover-bg-color: #434B5C;\n",
              "      --hover-fill-color: #FFFFFF;\n",
              "      --disabled-bg-color: #3B4455;\n",
              "      --disabled-fill-color: #666;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
              "    background-color: var(--bg-color);\n",
              "    border: none;\n",
              "    border-radius: 50%;\n",
              "    cursor: pointer;\n",
              "    display: none;\n",
              "    fill: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    height: 32px;\n",
              "    padding: 0;\n",
              "    width: 32px;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart:hover {\n",
              "    background-color: var(--hover-bg-color);\n",
              "    box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3), 0 1px 3px 1px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);\n",
              "    fill: var(--button-hover-fill-color);\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart-complete:disabled,\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart-complete:disabled:hover {\n",
              "    background-color: var(--disabled-bg-color);\n",
              "    fill: var(--disabled-fill-color);\n",
              "    box-shadow: none;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-spinner {\n",
              "    border: 2px solid var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    border-color: transparent;\n",
              "    border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    animation:\n",
              "      spin 1s steps(1) infinite;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  @keyframes spin {\n",
              "    0% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    20% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    30% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    40% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    60% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    80% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    90% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "  }\n",
              "</style>\n",
              "\n",
              "  <script>\n",
              "    async function quickchart(key) {\n",
              "      const quickchartButtonEl =\n",
              "        document.querySelector('#' + key + ' button');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.disabled = true;  // To prevent multiple clicks.\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-spinner');\n",
              "      try {\n",
              "        const charts = await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction(\n",
              "            'suggestCharts', [key], {});\n",
              "      } catch (error) {\n",
              "        console.error('Error during call to suggestCharts:', error);\n",
              "      }\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.remove('colab-df-spinner');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-quickchart-complete');\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    (() => {\n",
              "      let quickchartButtonEl =\n",
              "        document.querySelector('#df-b89c8dc5-f441-43fd-8298-c61a8a00e918 button');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.style.display =\n",
              "        google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
              "    })();\n",
              "  </script>\n",
              "</div>\n",
              "    </div>\n",
              "  </div>\n"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 10
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "# Filter states with population difference > 50000\n",
        "df_greater_50000 = df_population_difference_sorted[df_population_difference_sorted.population_difference_absolute > 50000]\n",
        "df_greater_50000"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 488
        },
        "id": "kjtiLBxV6cNq",
        "outputId": "3989fa48-8d64-4114-d3cd-63c07daf4127"
      },
      "execution_count": 11,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "            states  id  population  population_difference  \\\n",
              "43           Texas  48    28995881                 367215   \n",
              "9          Florida  12    21477737                 233420   \n",
              "2          Arizona   4     7278717                 120693   \n",
              "33  North Carolina  37    10488084                 106469   \n",
              "10         Georgia  13    10617423                 106292   \n",
              "47      Washington  53     7614893                  91024   \n",
              "5         Colorado   8     5758736                  67449   \n",
              "40  South Carolina  45     5148714                  64558   \n",
              "42       Tennessee  47     6829174                  57543   \n",
              "28          Nevada  32     3080156                  52815   \n",
              "44            Utah  49     3205958                  52408   \n",
              "4       California   6    39512223                  50635   \n",
              "13        Illinois  17    12671821                 -51250   \n",
              "32        New York  36    19453561                 -76790   \n",
              "\n",
              "    population_difference_absolute  \n",
              "43                          367215  \n",
              "9                           233420  \n",
              "2                           120693  \n",
              "33                          106469  \n",
              "10                          106292  \n",
              "47                           91024  \n",
              "5                            67449  \n",
              "40                           64558  \n",
              "42                           57543  \n",
              "28                           52815  \n",
              "44                           52408  \n",
              "4                            50635  \n",
              "13                           51250  \n",
              "32                           76790  "
            ],
            "text/html": [
              "\n",
              "  <div id=\"df-4cb8e0b1-bc14-47bb-bab1-5f4af8b6cb46\" class=\"colab-df-container\">\n",
              "    <div>\n",
              "<style scoped>\n",
              "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
              "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
              "        vertical-align: top;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
              "        text-align: right;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "</style>\n",
              "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
              "  <thead>\n",
              "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
              "      <th></th>\n",
              "      <th>states</th>\n",
              "      <th>id</th>\n",
              "      <th>population</th>\n",
              "      <th>population_difference</th>\n",
              "      <th>population_difference_absolute</th>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "  </thead>\n",
              "  <tbody>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>43</th>\n",
              "      <td>Texas</td>\n",
              "      <td>48</td>\n",
              "      <td>28995881</td>\n",
              "      <td>367215</td>\n",
              "      <td>367215</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>9</th>\n",
              "      <td>Florida</td>\n",
              "      <td>12</td>\n",
              "      <td>21477737</td>\n",
              "      <td>233420</td>\n",
              "      <td>233420</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>2</th>\n",
              "      <td>Arizona</td>\n",
              "      <td>4</td>\n",
              "      <td>7278717</td>\n",
              "      <td>120693</td>\n",
              "      <td>120693</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>33</th>\n",
              "      <td>North Carolina</td>\n",
              "      <td>37</td>\n",
              "      <td>10488084</td>\n",
              "      <td>106469</td>\n",
              "      <td>106469</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>10</th>\n",
              "      <td>Georgia</td>\n",
              "      <td>13</td>\n",
              "      <td>10617423</td>\n",
              "      <td>106292</td>\n",
              "      <td>106292</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>47</th>\n",
              "      <td>Washington</td>\n",
              "      <td>53</td>\n",
              "      <td>7614893</td>\n",
              "      <td>91024</td>\n",
              "      <td>91024</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>5</th>\n",
              "      <td>Colorado</td>\n",
              "      <td>8</td>\n",
              "      <td>5758736</td>\n",
              "      <td>67449</td>\n",
              "      <td>67449</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>40</th>\n",
              "      <td>South Carolina</td>\n",
              "      <td>45</td>\n",
              "      <td>5148714</td>\n",
              "      <td>64558</td>\n",
              "      <td>64558</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>42</th>\n",
              "      <td>Tennessee</td>\n",
              "      <td>47</td>\n",
              "      <td>6829174</td>\n",
              "      <td>57543</td>\n",
              "      <td>57543</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>28</th>\n",
              "      <td>Nevada</td>\n",
              "      <td>32</td>\n",
              "      <td>3080156</td>\n",
              "      <td>52815</td>\n",
              "      <td>52815</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>44</th>\n",
              "      <td>Utah</td>\n",
              "      <td>49</td>\n",
              "      <td>3205958</td>\n",
              "      <td>52408</td>\n",
              "      <td>52408</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>4</th>\n",
              "      <td>California</td>\n",
              "      <td>6</td>\n",
              "      <td>39512223</td>\n",
              "      <td>50635</td>\n",
              "      <td>50635</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>13</th>\n",
              "      <td>Illinois</td>\n",
              "      <td>17</td>\n",
              "      <td>12671821</td>\n",
              "      <td>-51250</td>\n",
              "      <td>51250</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>32</th>\n",
              "      <td>New York</td>\n",
              "      <td>36</td>\n",
              "      <td>19453561</td>\n",
              "      <td>-76790</td>\n",
              "      <td>76790</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "  </tbody>\n",
              "</table>\n",
              "</div>\n",
              "    <div class=\"colab-df-buttons\">\n",
              "\n",
              "  <div class=\"colab-df-container\">\n",
              "    <button class=\"colab-df-convert\" onclick=\"convertToInteractive('df-4cb8e0b1-bc14-47bb-bab1-5f4af8b6cb46')\"\n",
              "            title=\"Convert this dataframe to an interactive table.\"\n",
              "            style=\"display:none;\">\n",
              "\n",
              "  <svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" height=\"24px\" viewBox=\"0 -960 960 960\">\n",
              "    <path d=\"M120-120v-720h720v720H120Zm60-500h600v-160H180v160Zm220 220h160v-160H400v160Zm0 220h160v-160H400v160ZM180-400h160v-160H180v160Zm440 0h160v-160H620v160ZM180-180h160v-160H180v160Zm440 0h160v-160H620v160Z\"/>\n",
              "  </svg>\n",
              "    </button>\n",
              "\n",
              "  <style>\n",
              "    .colab-df-container {\n",
              "      display:flex;\n",
              "      gap: 12px;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .colab-df-convert {\n",
              "      background-color: #E8F0FE;\n",
              "      border: none;\n",
              "      border-radius: 50%;\n",
              "      cursor: pointer;\n",
              "      display: none;\n",
              "      fill: #1967D2;\n",
              "      height: 32px;\n",
              "      padding: 0 0 0 0;\n",
              "      width: 32px;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .colab-df-convert:hover {\n",
              "      background-color: #E2EBFA;\n",
              "      box-shadow: 0px 1px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3), 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);\n",
              "      fill: #174EA6;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .colab-df-buttons div {\n",
              "      margin-bottom: 4px;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    [theme=dark] .colab-df-convert {\n",
              "      background-color: #3B4455;\n",
              "      fill: #D2E3FC;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    [theme=dark] .colab-df-convert:hover {\n",
              "      background-color: #434B5C;\n",
              "      box-shadow: 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);\n",
              "      filter: drop-shadow(0px 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3));\n",
              "      fill: #FFFFFF;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "  </style>\n",
              "\n",
              "    <script>\n",
              "      const buttonEl =\n",
              "        document.querySelector('#df-4cb8e0b1-bc14-47bb-bab1-5f4af8b6cb46 button.colab-df-convert');\n",
              "      buttonEl.style.display =\n",
              "        google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
              "\n",
              "      async function convertToInteractive(key) {\n",
              "        const element = document.querySelector('#df-4cb8e0b1-bc14-47bb-bab1-5f4af8b6cb46');\n",
              "        const dataTable =\n",
              "          await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction('convertToInteractive',\n",
              "                                                    [key], {});\n",
              "        if (!dataTable) return;\n",
              "\n",
              "        const docLinkHtml = 'Like what you see? Visit the ' +\n",
              "          '<a target=\"_blank\" href=https://colab.research.google.com/notebooks/data_table.ipynb>data table notebook</a>'\n",
              "          + ' to learn more about interactive tables.';\n",
              "        element.innerHTML = '';\n",
              "        dataTable['output_type'] = 'display_data';\n",
              "        await google.colab.output.renderOutput(dataTable, element);\n",
              "        const docLink = document.createElement('div');\n",
              "        docLink.innerHTML = docLinkHtml;\n",
              "        element.appendChild(docLink);\n",
              "      }\n",
              "    </script>\n",
              "  </div>\n",
              "\n",
              "\n",
              "<div id=\"df-ee256af6-380a-4c31-9ad9-eb143631d371\">\n",
              "  <button class=\"colab-df-quickchart\" onclick=\"quickchart('df-ee256af6-380a-4c31-9ad9-eb143631d371')\"\n",
              "            title=\"Suggest charts\"\n",
              "            style=\"display:none;\">\n",
              "\n",
              "<svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" height=\"24px\"viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"\n",
              "     width=\"24px\">\n",
              "    <g>\n",
              "        <path d=\"M19 3H5c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h14c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V5c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zM9 17H7v-7h2v7zm4 0h-2V7h2v10zm4 0h-2v-4h2v4z\"/>\n",
              "    </g>\n",
              "</svg>\n",
              "  </button>\n",
              "\n",
              "<style>\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
              "      --bg-color: #E8F0FE;\n",
              "      --fill-color: #1967D2;\n",
              "      --hover-bg-color: #E2EBFA;\n",
              "      --hover-fill-color: #174EA6;\n",
              "      --disabled-fill-color: #AAA;\n",
              "      --disabled-bg-color: #DDD;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  [theme=dark] .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
              "      --bg-color: #3B4455;\n",
              "      --fill-color: #D2E3FC;\n",
              "      --hover-bg-color: #434B5C;\n",
              "      --hover-fill-color: #FFFFFF;\n",
              "      --disabled-bg-color: #3B4455;\n",
              "      --disabled-fill-color: #666;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
              "    background-color: var(--bg-color);\n",
              "    border: none;\n",
              "    border-radius: 50%;\n",
              "    cursor: pointer;\n",
              "    display: none;\n",
              "    fill: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    height: 32px;\n",
              "    padding: 0;\n",
              "    width: 32px;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart:hover {\n",
              "    background-color: var(--hover-bg-color);\n",
              "    box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3), 0 1px 3px 1px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);\n",
              "    fill: var(--button-hover-fill-color);\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart-complete:disabled,\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart-complete:disabled:hover {\n",
              "    background-color: var(--disabled-bg-color);\n",
              "    fill: var(--disabled-fill-color);\n",
              "    box-shadow: none;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-spinner {\n",
              "    border: 2px solid var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    border-color: transparent;\n",
              "    border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    animation:\n",
              "      spin 1s steps(1) infinite;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  @keyframes spin {\n",
              "    0% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    20% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    30% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    40% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    60% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    80% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    90% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "  }\n",
              "</style>\n",
              "\n",
              "  <script>\n",
              "    async function quickchart(key) {\n",
              "      const quickchartButtonEl =\n",
              "        document.querySelector('#' + key + ' button');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.disabled = true;  // To prevent multiple clicks.\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-spinner');\n",
              "      try {\n",
              "        const charts = await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction(\n",
              "            'suggestCharts', [key], {});\n",
              "      } catch (error) {\n",
              "        console.error('Error during call to suggestCharts:', error);\n",
              "      }\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.remove('colab-df-spinner');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-quickchart-complete');\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    (() => {\n",
              "      let quickchartButtonEl =\n",
              "        document.querySelector('#df-ee256af6-380a-4c31-9ad9-eb143631d371 button');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.style.display =\n",
              "        google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
              "    })();\n",
              "  </script>\n",
              "</div>\n",
              "    </div>\n",
              "  </div>\n"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 11
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "# % of States with population difference > 50000\n",
        "int((len(df_greater_50000)/df_population_difference_sorted.states.nunique())*100)"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "085JORge7E2N",
        "outputId": "ec84f197-5224-42f4-97f2-e880fab8219e"
      },
      "execution_count": 12,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "26"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 12
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": [
        "## Plots"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "GnY0jA7irX1Z"
      }
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": [
        "### Heatmap"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "hRrwBt3skrp1"
      }
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "import altair as alt\n",
        "\n",
        "alt.themes.enable(\"dark\")\n",
        "\n",
        "heatmap = alt.Chart(df_reshaped).mark_rect().encode(\n",
        "        y=alt.Y('year:O', axis=alt.Axis(title=\"Year\", titleFontSize=16, titlePadding=15, titleFontWeight=900, labelAngle=0)),\n",
        "        x=alt.X('states:O', axis=alt.Axis(title=\"States\", titleFontSize=16, titlePadding=15, titleFontWeight=900)),\n",
        "        color=alt.Color('max(population):Q',\n",
        "                         legend=alt.Legend(title=\" \"),\n",
        "                         scale=alt.Scale(scheme=\"blueorange\")),\n",
        "        stroke=alt.value('black'),\n",
        "        strokeWidth=alt.value(0.25),\n",
        "        #tooltip=[\n",
        "        #    alt.Tooltip('year:O', title='Year'),\n",
        "        #    alt.Tooltip('population:Q', title='Population')\n",
        "        #]\n",
        "    ).properties(width=900\n",
        "    #).configure_legend(orient='bottom', titleFontSize=16, labelFontSize=14, titlePadding=0\n",
        "    #).configure_axisX(labelFontSize=14)\n",
        "    ).configure_axis(\n",
        "    labelFontSize=12,\n",
        "    titleFontSize=12\n",
        "    )\n",
        "\n",
        "heatmap"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 375
        },
        "id": "Vf8v9OjMku8M",
        "outputId": "901a9b29-439c-4fe3-9a53-0a52ad366a94"
      },
      "execution_count": 13,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/html": [
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              "<div id=\"altair-viz-a18ac8bcccb14494af6c01da09381c66\"></div>\n",
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              "    let outputDiv = document.currentScript.previousElementSibling;\n",
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              "    }\n",
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              "      \"vega\": \"https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm//vega@5?noext\",\n",
              "      \"vega-lib\": \"https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm//vega-lib?noext\",\n",
              "      \"vega-lite\": \"https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm//vega-lite@4.17.0?noext\",\n",
              "      \"vega-embed\": \"https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm//vega-embed@6?noext\",\n",
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              "          document.getElementsByTagName(\"head\")[0].appendChild(s);\n",
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              "          s.onerror = () => reject(`Error loading script: ${paths[lib]}`);\n",
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              "    function displayChart(vegaEmbed) {\n",
              "      vegaEmbed(outputDiv, spec, embedOpt)\n",
              "        .catch(err => showError(`Javascript Error: ${err.message}<br>This usually means there's a typo in your chart specification. See the javascript console for the full traceback.`));\n",
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              "\n",
              "    if(typeof define === \"function\" && define.amd) {\n",
              "      requirejs.config({paths});\n",
              "      require([\"vega-embed\"], displayChart, err => showError(`Error loading script: ${err.message}`));\n",
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              "      maybeLoadScript(\"vega\", \"5\")\n",
              "        .then(() => maybeLoadScript(\"vega-lite\", \"4.17.0\"))\n",
              "        .then(() => maybeLoadScript(\"vega-embed\", \"6\"))\n",
              "        .catch(showError)\n",
              "        .then(() => displayChart(vegaEmbed));\n",
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\"states_code\": \"VA\", \"id\": 51, \"year\": 2017, \"population\": 8463587}, {\"states\": \"Washington\", \"states_code\": \"WA\", \"id\": 53, \"year\": 2017, \"population\": 7423362}, {\"states\": \"West Virginia\", \"states_code\": \"WV\", \"id\": 54, \"year\": 2017, \"population\": 1817004}, {\"states\": \"Wisconsin\", \"states_code\": \"WI\", \"id\": 55, \"year\": 2017, \"population\": 5790186}, {\"states\": \"Wyoming\", \"states_code\": \"WY\", \"id\": 56, \"year\": 2017, \"population\": 578931}, {\"states\": \"Puerto Rico\", \"states_code\": \"PR\", \"id\": 72, \"year\": 2017, \"population\": 3325286}, {\"states\": \"Alabama\", \"states_code\": \"AL\", \"id\": 1, \"year\": 2018, \"population\": 4887681}, {\"states\": \"Alaska\", \"states_code\": \"AK\", \"id\": 2, \"year\": 2018, \"population\": 735139}, {\"states\": \"Arizona\", \"states_code\": \"AZ\", \"id\": 4, \"year\": 2018, \"population\": 7158024}, {\"states\": \"Arkansas\", \"states_code\": \"AR\", \"id\": 5, \"year\": 2018, \"population\": 3009733}, {\"states\": \"California\", \"states_code\": \"CA\", \"id\": 6, \"year\": 2018, \"population\": 39461588}, {\"states\": \"Colorado\", \"states_code\": \"CO\", \"id\": 8, \"year\": 2018, \"population\": 5691287}, {\"states\": \"Connecticut\", \"states_code\": \"CT\", \"id\": 9, \"year\": 2018, \"population\": 3571520}, {\"states\": \"Delaware\", \"states_code\": \"DE\", \"id\": 10, \"year\": 2018, \"population\": 965479}, {\"states\": \"District of Columbia\", \"states_code\": \"DC\", \"id\": 11, \"year\": 2018, \"population\": 701547}, {\"states\": \"Florida\", \"states_code\": \"FL\", \"id\": 12, \"year\": 2018, \"population\": 21244317}, {\"states\": \"Georgia\", \"states_code\": \"GA\", \"id\": 13, \"year\": 2018, \"population\": 10511131}, {\"states\": \"Hawaii\", \"states_code\": \"HI\", \"id\": 15, \"year\": 2018, \"population\": 1420593}, {\"states\": \"Idaho\", \"states_code\": \"ID\", \"id\": 16, \"year\": 2018, \"population\": 1750536}, {\"states\": \"Illinois\", \"states_code\": \"IL\", \"id\": 17, \"year\": 2018, \"population\": 12723071}, {\"states\": \"Indiana\", \"states_code\": \"IN\", \"id\": 18, \"year\": 2018, \"population\": 6695497}, {\"states\": \"Iowa\", \"states_code\": \"IA\", \"id\": 19, \"year\": 2018, \"population\": 3148618}, {\"states\": \"Kansas\", \"states_code\": \"KS\", \"id\": 20, \"year\": 2018, \"population\": 2911359}, {\"states\": \"Kentucky\", \"states_code\": \"KY\", \"id\": 21, \"year\": 2018, \"population\": 4461153}, {\"states\": \"Louisiana\", \"states_code\": \"LA\", \"id\": 22, \"year\": 2018, \"population\": 4659690}, {\"states\": \"Maine\", \"states_code\": \"ME\", \"id\": 23, \"year\": 2018, \"population\": 1339057}, {\"states\": \"Maryland\", \"states_code\": \"MD\", \"id\": 24, \"year\": 2018, \"population\": 6035802}, {\"states\": \"Massachusetts\", \"states_code\": \"MA\", \"id\": 25, \"year\": 2018, \"population\": 6882635}, {\"states\": \"Michigan\", \"states_code\": \"MI\", \"id\": 26, \"year\": 2018, \"population\": 9984072}, {\"states\": \"Minnesota\", \"states_code\": \"MN\", \"id\": 27, \"year\": 2018, \"population\": 5606249}, {\"states\": \"Mississippi\", \"states_code\": \"MS\", \"id\": 28, \"year\": 2018, \"population\": 2981020}, {\"states\": \"Missouri\", \"states_code\": \"MO\", \"id\": 29, \"year\": 2018, \"population\": 6121623}, {\"states\": \"Montana\", \"states_code\": \"MT\", \"id\": 30, \"year\": 2018, \"population\": 1060665}, {\"states\": \"Nebraska\", \"states_code\": \"NE\", \"id\": 31, \"year\": 2018, \"population\": 1925614}, {\"states\": \"Nevada\", \"states_code\": \"NV\", \"id\": 32, \"year\": 2018, \"population\": 3027341}, {\"states\": \"New Hampshire\", \"states_code\": \"NH\", \"id\": 33, \"year\": 2018, \"population\": 1353465}, {\"states\": \"New Jersey\", \"states_code\": \"NJ\", \"id\": 34, \"year\": 2018, \"population\": 8886025}, {\"states\": \"New Mexico\", \"states_code\": \"NM\", \"id\": 35, \"year\": 2018, \"population\": 2092741}, {\"states\": \"New York\", \"states_code\": \"NY\", \"id\": 36, \"year\": 2018, \"population\": 19530351}, {\"states\": \"North Carolina\", \"states_code\": \"NC\", \"id\": 37, \"year\": 2018, \"population\": 10381615}, {\"states\": \"North Dakota\", \"states_code\": \"ND\", \"id\": 38, \"year\": 2018, \"population\": 758080}, {\"states\": \"Ohio\", \"states_code\": \"OH\", \"id\": 39, \"year\": 2018, \"population\": 11676341}, {\"states\": \"Oklahoma\", \"states_code\": \"OK\", \"id\": 40, \"year\": 2018, \"population\": 3940235}, {\"states\": \"Oregon\", \"states_code\": \"OR\", \"id\": 41, \"year\": 2018, \"population\": 4181886}, {\"states\": \"Pennsylvania\", \"states_code\": \"PA\", \"id\": 42, \"year\": 2018, \"population\": 12800922}, {\"states\": \"Rhode Island\", \"states_code\": \"RI\", \"id\": 44, \"year\": 2018, \"population\": 1058287}, {\"states\": \"South Carolina\", \"states_code\": \"SC\", \"id\": 45, \"year\": 2018, \"population\": 5084156}, {\"states\": \"South Dakota\", \"states_code\": \"SD\", \"id\": 46, \"year\": 2018, \"population\": 878698}, {\"states\": \"Tennessee\", \"states_code\": \"TN\", \"id\": 47, \"year\": 2018, \"population\": 6771631}, {\"states\": \"Texas\", \"states_code\": \"TX\", \"id\": 48, \"year\": 2018, \"population\": 28628666}, {\"states\": \"Utah\", \"states_code\": \"UT\", \"id\": 49, \"year\": 2018, \"population\": 3153550}, {\"states\": \"Vermont\", \"states_code\": \"VT\", \"id\": 50, \"year\": 2018, \"population\": 624358}, {\"states\": \"Virginia\", \"states_code\": \"VA\", \"id\": 51, \"year\": 2018, \"population\": 8501286}, {\"states\": \"Washington\", \"states_code\": \"WA\", \"id\": 53, \"year\": 2018, \"population\": 7523869}, {\"states\": \"West Virginia\", \"states_code\": \"WV\", \"id\": 54, \"year\": 2018, \"population\": 1804291}, {\"states\": \"Wisconsin\", \"states_code\": \"WI\", \"id\": 55, \"year\": 2018, \"population\": 5807406}, {\"states\": \"Wyoming\", \"states_code\": \"WY\", \"id\": 56, \"year\": 2018, \"population\": 577601}, {\"states\": \"Puerto Rico\", \"states_code\": \"PR\", \"id\": 72, \"year\": 2018, \"population\": 3193354}, {\"states\": \"Alabama\", \"states_code\": \"AL\", \"id\": 1, \"year\": 2019, \"population\": 4903185}, {\"states\": \"Alaska\", \"states_code\": \"AK\", \"id\": 2, \"year\": 2019, \"population\": 731545}, {\"states\": \"Arizona\", \"states_code\": \"AZ\", \"id\": 4, \"year\": 2019, \"population\": 7278717}, {\"states\": \"Arkansas\", \"states_code\": \"AR\", \"id\": 5, \"year\": 2019, \"population\": 3017804}, {\"states\": \"California\", \"states_code\": \"CA\", \"id\": 6, \"year\": 2019, \"population\": 39512223}, {\"states\": \"Colorado\", \"states_code\": \"CO\", \"id\": 8, \"year\": 2019, \"population\": 5758736}, {\"states\": \"Connecticut\", \"states_code\": \"CT\", \"id\": 9, \"year\": 2019, \"population\": 3565287}, {\"states\": \"Delaware\", \"states_code\": \"DE\", \"id\": 10, \"year\": 2019, \"population\": 973764}, {\"states\": \"District of Columbia\", \"states_code\": \"DC\", \"id\": 11, \"year\": 2019, \"population\": 705749}, {\"states\": \"Florida\", \"states_code\": \"FL\", \"id\": 12, \"year\": 2019, \"population\": 21477737}, {\"states\": \"Georgia\", \"states_code\": \"GA\", \"id\": 13, \"year\": 2019, \"population\": 10617423}, {\"states\": \"Hawaii\", \"states_code\": \"HI\", \"id\": 15, \"year\": 2019, \"population\": 1415872}, {\"states\": \"Idaho\", \"states_code\": \"ID\", \"id\": 16, \"year\": 2019, \"population\": 1787065}, {\"states\": \"Illinois\", \"states_code\": \"IL\", \"id\": 17, \"year\": 2019, \"population\": 12671821}, {\"states\": \"Indiana\", \"states_code\": \"IN\", \"id\": 18, \"year\": 2019, \"population\": 6732219}, {\"states\": \"Iowa\", \"states_code\": \"IA\", \"id\": 19, \"year\": 2019, \"population\": 3155070}, {\"states\": \"Kansas\", \"states_code\": \"KS\", \"id\": 20, \"year\": 2019, \"population\": 2913314}, {\"states\": \"Kentucky\", \"states_code\": \"KY\", \"id\": 21, \"year\": 2019, \"population\": 4467673}, {\"states\": \"Louisiana\", \"states_code\": \"LA\", \"id\": 22, \"year\": 2019, \"population\": 4648794}, {\"states\": \"Maine\", \"states_code\": \"ME\", \"id\": 23, \"year\": 2019, \"population\": 1344212}, {\"states\": \"Maryland\", \"states_code\": \"MD\", \"id\": 24, \"year\": 2019, \"population\": 6045680}, {\"states\": \"Massachusetts\", \"states_code\": \"MA\", \"id\": 25, \"year\": 2019, \"population\": 6892503}, {\"states\": \"Michigan\", \"states_code\": \"MI\", \"id\": 26, \"year\": 2019, \"population\": 9986857}, {\"states\": \"Minnesota\", \"states_code\": \"MN\", \"id\": 27, \"year\": 2019, \"population\": 5639632}, {\"states\": \"Mississippi\", \"states_code\": \"MS\", \"id\": 28, \"year\": 2019, \"population\": 2976149}, {\"states\": \"Missouri\", \"states_code\": \"MO\", \"id\": 29, \"year\": 2019, \"population\": 6137428}, {\"states\": \"Montana\", \"states_code\": \"MT\", \"id\": 30, \"year\": 2019, \"population\": 1068778}, {\"states\": \"Nebraska\", \"states_code\": \"NE\", \"id\": 31, \"year\": 2019, \"population\": 1934408}, {\"states\": \"Nevada\", \"states_code\": \"NV\", \"id\": 32, \"year\": 2019, \"population\": 3080156}, {\"states\": \"New Hampshire\", \"states_code\": \"NH\", \"id\": 33, \"year\": 2019, \"population\": 1359711}, {\"states\": \"New Jersey\", \"states_code\": \"NJ\", \"id\": 34, \"year\": 2019, \"population\": 8882190}, {\"states\": \"New Mexico\", \"states_code\": \"NM\", \"id\": 35, \"year\": 2019, \"population\": 2096829}, {\"states\": \"New York\", \"states_code\": \"NY\", \"id\": 36, \"year\": 2019, \"population\": 19453561}, {\"states\": \"North Carolina\", \"states_code\": \"NC\", \"id\": 37, \"year\": 2019, \"population\": 10488084}, {\"states\": \"North Dakota\", \"states_code\": \"ND\", \"id\": 38, \"year\": 2019, \"population\": 762062}, {\"states\": \"Ohio\", \"states_code\": \"OH\", \"id\": 39, \"year\": 2019, \"population\": 11689100}, {\"states\": \"Oklahoma\", \"states_code\": \"OK\", \"id\": 40, \"year\": 2019, \"population\": 3956971}, {\"states\": \"Oregon\", \"states_code\": \"OR\", \"id\": 41, \"year\": 2019, \"population\": 4217737}, {\"states\": \"Pennsylvania\", \"states_code\": \"PA\", \"id\": 42, \"year\": 2019, \"population\": 12801989}, {\"states\": \"Rhode Island\", \"states_code\": \"RI\", \"id\": 44, \"year\": 2019, \"population\": 1059361}, {\"states\": \"South Carolina\", \"states_code\": \"SC\", \"id\": 45, \"year\": 2019, \"population\": 5148714}, {\"states\": \"South Dakota\", \"states_code\": \"SD\", \"id\": 46, \"year\": 2019, \"population\": 884659}, {\"states\": \"Tennessee\", \"states_code\": \"TN\", \"id\": 47, \"year\": 2019, \"population\": 6829174}, {\"states\": \"Texas\", \"states_code\": \"TX\", \"id\": 48, \"year\": 2019, \"population\": 28995881}, {\"states\": \"Utah\", \"states_code\": \"UT\", \"id\": 49, \"year\": 2019, \"population\": 3205958}, {\"states\": \"Vermont\", \"states_code\": \"VT\", \"id\": 50, \"year\": 2019, \"population\": 623989}, {\"states\": \"Virginia\", \"states_code\": \"VA\", \"id\": 51, \"year\": 2019, \"population\": 8535519}, {\"states\": \"Washington\", \"states_code\": \"WA\", \"id\": 53, \"year\": 2019, \"population\": 7614893}, {\"states\": \"West Virginia\", \"states_code\": \"WV\", \"id\": 54, \"year\": 2019, \"population\": 1792147}, {\"states\": \"Wisconsin\", \"states_code\": \"WI\", \"id\": 55, \"year\": 2019, \"population\": 5822434}, {\"states\": \"Wyoming\", \"states_code\": \"WY\", \"id\": 56, \"year\": 2019, \"population\": 578759}, {\"states\": \"Puerto Rico\", \"states_code\": \"PR\", \"id\": 72, \"year\": 2019, \"population\": 3193694}]}}, {\"mode\": \"vega-lite\"});\n",
              "</script>"
            ],
            "text/plain": [
              "alt.Chart(...)"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 13
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": [
        "### Choropleth"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "69oYy6edR4V7"
      }
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "# Choropleth via Altair\n",
        "import altair as alt\n",
        "from vega_datasets import data\n",
        "\n",
        "alt.themes.enable(\"dark\")\n",
        "\n",
        "states = alt.topo_feature(data.us_10m.url, 'states')\n",
        "\n",
        "alt.Chart(states).mark_geoshape().encode(\n",
        "    color=alt.Color('population:Q', scale=alt.Scale(scheme='blues')),   # scale=color_scale\n",
        "    stroke=alt.value('#154360')\n",
        ").transform_lookup(\n",
        "    lookup='id',\n",
        "    from_=alt.LookupData(df_selected_year, 'id', list(df_selected_year.columns))\n",
        ").properties(\n",
        "    width=500,\n",
        "    height=300\n",
        ").project(\n",
        "    type='albersUsa'\n",
        ")\n",
        "\n"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 331
        },
        "id": "rCT-THXqdc2e",
        "outputId": "ef2d0b90-45d8-496c-8176-96fba73623b6"
      },
      "execution_count": 18,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/html": [
              "\n",
              "<div id=\"altair-viz-fbc1c897e3b541e6a7657e079541313a\"></div>\n",
              "<script type=\"text/javascript\">\n",
              "  var VEGA_DEBUG = (typeof VEGA_DEBUG == \"undefined\") ? {} : VEGA_DEBUG;\n",
              "  (function(spec, embedOpt){\n",
              "    let outputDiv = document.currentScript.previousElementSibling;\n",
              "    if (outputDiv.id !== \"altair-viz-fbc1c897e3b541e6a7657e079541313a\") {\n",
              "      outputDiv = document.getElementById(\"altair-viz-fbc1c897e3b541e6a7657e079541313a\");\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    const paths = {\n",
              "      \"vega\": \"https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm//vega@5?noext\",\n",
              "      \"vega-lib\": \"https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm//vega-lib?noext\",\n",
              "      \"vega-lite\": \"https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm//vega-lite@4.17.0?noext\",\n",
              "      \"vega-embed\": \"https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm//vega-embed@6?noext\",\n",
              "    };\n",
              "\n",
              "    function maybeLoadScript(lib, version) {\n",
              "      var key = `${lib.replace(\"-\", \"\")}_version`;\n",
              "      return (VEGA_DEBUG[key] == version) ?\n",
              "        Promise.resolve(paths[lib]) :\n",
              "        new Promise(function(resolve, reject) {\n",
              "          var s = document.createElement('script');\n",
              "          document.getElementsByTagName(\"head\")[0].appendChild(s);\n",
              "          s.async = true;\n",
              "          s.onload = () => {\n",
              "            VEGA_DEBUG[key] = version;\n",
              "            return resolve(paths[lib]);\n",
              "          };\n",
              "          s.onerror = () => reject(`Error loading script: ${paths[lib]}`);\n",
              "          s.src = paths[lib];\n",
              "        });\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    function showError(err) {\n",
              "      outputDiv.innerHTML = `<div class=\"error\" style=\"color:red;\">${err}</div>`;\n",
              "      throw err;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    function displayChart(vegaEmbed) {\n",
              "      vegaEmbed(outputDiv, spec, embedOpt)\n",
              "        .catch(err => showError(`Javascript Error: ${err.message}<br>This usually means there's a typo in your chart specification. See the javascript console for the full traceback.`));\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    if(typeof define === \"function\" && define.amd) {\n",
              "      requirejs.config({paths});\n",
              "      require([\"vega-embed\"], displayChart, err => showError(`Error loading script: ${err.message}`));\n",
              "    } else {\n",
              "      maybeLoadScript(\"vega\", \"5\")\n",
              "        .then(() => maybeLoadScript(\"vega-lite\", \"4.17.0\"))\n",
              "        .then(() => maybeLoadScript(\"vega-embed\", \"6\"))\n",
              "        .catch(showError)\n",
              "        .then(() => displayChart(vegaEmbed));\n",
              "    }\n",
              "  })({\"usermeta\": {\"embedOptions\": {\"theme\": \"dark\"}}, \"config\": {\"view\": {\"continuousWidth\": 400, \"continuousHeight\": 300}}, \"data\": {\"url\": \"https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/vega-datasets@v1.29.0/data/us-10m.json\", \"format\": {\"feature\": \"states\", \"type\": \"topojson\"}}, \"mark\": \"geoshape\", \"encoding\": {\"color\": {\"field\": \"population\", \"scale\": {\"scheme\": \"blues\"}, \"type\": \"quantitative\"}, \"stroke\": {\"value\": \"#154360\"}}, \"height\": 300, \"projection\": {\"type\": \"albersUsa\"}, \"transform\": [{\"lookup\": \"id\", \"from\": {\"data\": {\"name\": \"data-86ac736860a3570161e624b76a6dbcbe\"}, \"key\": \"id\", \"fields\": [\"states\", \"states_code\", \"id\", \"year\", \"population\"]}}], \"width\": 500, \"$schema\": \"https://vega.github.io/schema/vega-lite/v4.17.0.json\", \"datasets\": {\"data-86ac736860a3570161e624b76a6dbcbe\": [{\"states\": \"Alabama\", \"states_code\": \"AL\", \"id\": 1, \"year\": 2019, \"population\": 4903185}, {\"states\": \"Alaska\", \"states_code\": \"AK\", \"id\": 2, \"year\": 2019, \"population\": 731545}, {\"states\": \"Arizona\", \"states_code\": \"AZ\", \"id\": 4, \"year\": 2019, \"population\": 7278717}, {\"states\": \"Arkansas\", \"states_code\": \"AR\", \"id\": 5, \"year\": 2019, \"population\": 3017804}, {\"states\": \"California\", \"states_code\": \"CA\", \"id\": 6, \"year\": 2019, \"population\": 39512223}, {\"states\": \"Colorado\", \"states_code\": \"CO\", \"id\": 8, \"year\": 2019, \"population\": 5758736}, {\"states\": \"Connecticut\", \"states_code\": \"CT\", \"id\": 9, \"year\": 2019, \"population\": 3565287}, {\"states\": \"Delaware\", \"states_code\": \"DE\", \"id\": 10, \"year\": 2019, \"population\": 973764}, {\"states\": \"District of Columbia\", \"states_code\": \"DC\", \"id\": 11, \"year\": 2019, \"population\": 705749}, {\"states\": \"Florida\", \"states_code\": \"FL\", \"id\": 12, \"year\": 2019, \"population\": 21477737}, {\"states\": \"Georgia\", \"states_code\": \"GA\", \"id\": 13, \"year\": 2019, \"population\": 10617423}, {\"states\": \"Hawaii\", \"states_code\": \"HI\", \"id\": 15, \"year\": 2019, \"population\": 1415872}, {\"states\": \"Idaho\", \"states_code\": \"ID\", \"id\": 16, \"year\": 2019, \"population\": 1787065}, {\"states\": \"Illinois\", \"states_code\": \"IL\", \"id\": 17, \"year\": 2019, \"population\": 12671821}, {\"states\": \"Indiana\", \"states_code\": \"IN\", \"id\": 18, \"year\": 2019, \"population\": 6732219}, {\"states\": \"Iowa\", \"states_code\": \"IA\", \"id\": 19, \"year\": 2019, \"population\": 3155070}, {\"states\": \"Kansas\", \"states_code\": \"KS\", \"id\": 20, \"year\": 2019, \"population\": 2913314}, {\"states\": \"Kentucky\", \"states_code\": \"KY\", \"id\": 21, \"year\": 2019, \"population\": 4467673}, {\"states\": \"Louisiana\", \"states_code\": \"LA\", \"id\": 22, \"year\": 2019, \"population\": 4648794}, {\"states\": \"Maine\", \"states_code\": \"ME\", \"id\": 23, \"year\": 2019, \"population\": 1344212}, {\"states\": \"Maryland\", \"states_code\": \"MD\", \"id\": 24, \"year\": 2019, \"population\": 6045680}, {\"states\": \"Massachusetts\", \"states_code\": \"MA\", \"id\": 25, \"year\": 2019, \"population\": 6892503}, {\"states\": \"Michigan\", \"states_code\": \"MI\", \"id\": 26, \"year\": 2019, \"population\": 9986857}, {\"states\": \"Minnesota\", \"states_code\": \"MN\", \"id\": 27, \"year\": 2019, \"population\": 5639632}, {\"states\": \"Mississippi\", \"states_code\": \"MS\", \"id\": 28, \"year\": 2019, \"population\": 2976149}, {\"states\": \"Missouri\", \"states_code\": \"MO\", \"id\": 29, \"year\": 2019, \"population\": 6137428}, {\"states\": \"Montana\", \"states_code\": \"MT\", \"id\": 30, \"year\": 2019, \"population\": 1068778}, {\"states\": \"Nebraska\", \"states_code\": \"NE\", \"id\": 31, \"year\": 2019, \"population\": 1934408}, {\"states\": \"Nevada\", \"states_code\": \"NV\", \"id\": 32, \"year\": 2019, \"population\": 3080156}, {\"states\": \"New Hampshire\", \"states_code\": \"NH\", \"id\": 33, \"year\": 2019, \"population\": 1359711}, {\"states\": \"New Jersey\", \"states_code\": \"NJ\", \"id\": 34, \"year\": 2019, \"population\": 8882190}, {\"states\": \"New Mexico\", \"states_code\": \"NM\", \"id\": 35, \"year\": 2019, \"population\": 2096829}, {\"states\": \"New York\", \"states_code\": \"NY\", \"id\": 36, \"year\": 2019, \"population\": 19453561}, {\"states\": \"North Carolina\", \"states_code\": \"NC\", \"id\": 37, \"year\": 2019, \"population\": 10488084}, {\"states\": \"North Dakota\", \"states_code\": \"ND\", \"id\": 38, \"year\": 2019, \"population\": 762062}, {\"states\": \"Ohio\", \"states_code\": \"OH\", \"id\": 39, \"year\": 2019, \"population\": 11689100}, {\"states\": \"Oklahoma\", \"states_code\": \"OK\", \"id\": 40, \"year\": 2019, \"population\": 3956971}, {\"states\": \"Oregon\", \"states_code\": \"OR\", \"id\": 41, \"year\": 2019, \"population\": 4217737}, {\"states\": \"Pennsylvania\", \"states_code\": \"PA\", \"id\": 42, \"year\": 2019, \"population\": 12801989}, {\"states\": \"Rhode Island\", \"states_code\": \"RI\", \"id\": 44, \"year\": 2019, \"population\": 1059361}, {\"states\": \"South Carolina\", \"states_code\": \"SC\", \"id\": 45, \"year\": 2019, \"population\": 5148714}, {\"states\": \"South Dakota\", \"states_code\": \"SD\", \"id\": 46, \"year\": 2019, \"population\": 884659}, {\"states\": \"Tennessee\", \"states_code\": \"TN\", \"id\": 47, \"year\": 2019, \"population\": 6829174}, {\"states\": \"Texas\", \"states_code\": \"TX\", \"id\": 48, \"year\": 2019, \"population\": 28995881}, {\"states\": \"Utah\", \"states_code\": \"UT\", \"id\": 49, \"year\": 2019, \"population\": 3205958}, {\"states\": \"Vermont\", \"states_code\": \"VT\", \"id\": 50, \"year\": 2019, \"population\": 623989}, {\"states\": \"Virginia\", \"states_code\": \"VA\", \"id\": 51, \"year\": 2019, \"population\": 8535519}, {\"states\": \"Washington\", \"states_code\": \"WA\", \"id\": 53, \"year\": 2019, \"population\": 7614893}, {\"states\": \"West Virginia\", \"states_code\": \"WV\", \"id\": 54, \"year\": 2019, \"population\": 1792147}, {\"states\": \"Wisconsin\", \"states_code\": \"WI\", \"id\": 55, \"year\": 2019, \"population\": 5822434}, {\"states\": \"Wyoming\", \"states_code\": \"WY\", \"id\": 56, \"year\": 2019, \"population\": 578759}, {\"states\": \"Puerto Rico\", \"states_code\": \"PR\", \"id\": 72, \"year\": 2019, \"population\": 3193694}]}}, {\"mode\": \"vega-lite\"});\n",
              "</script>"
            ],
            "text/plain": [
              "alt.Chart(...)"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 18
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "# Choropleth via Plotly\n",
        "import plotly.express as px\n",
        "\n",
        "choropleth = px.choropleth(df_selected_year, locations='states_code', color='population', locationmode=\"USA-states\",\n",
        "                               color_continuous_scale='blues',\n",
        "                               range_color=(0, max(df_selected_year.population)),\n",
        "                               scope=\"usa\",\n",
        "                               labels={'population':'Population'}\n",
        "                              )\n",
        "choropleth.update_layout(\n",
        "        template='plotly_dark',\n",
        "        plot_bgcolor='rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)',\n",
        "        paper_bgcolor='rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)',\n",
        "        margin=dict(l=0, r=0, t=0, b=0),\n",
        "        height=350\n",
        "    )\n",
        "\n",
        "choropleth"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "2_eE7AyrQ3gR",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 367
        },
        "outputId": "6a49cc4c-0424-4a32-ea5e-b140734ead71"
      },
      "execution_count": 17,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "display_data",
          "data": {
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    {
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