files/functions.py

import os
import gradio as gr
import re
import string
import torch

from operator import itemgetter
import collections

import pypdf
from pypdf import PdfReader
from pypdf.errors import PdfReadError

import pdf2image
from pdf2image import convert_from_path
import langdetect
from langdetect import detect_langs

import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
import random
import tempfile
import itertools

from matplotlib import font_manager
from PIL import Image, ImageDraw, ImageFont
import cv2

# Tesseract
print(os.popen(f'cat /etc/debian_version').read())
print(os.popen(f'cat /etc/issue').read())
print(os.popen(f'apt search tesseract').read())
import pytesseract

## Key parameters

# categories colors
label2color = {
    'Caption': 'brown',
    'Footnote': 'orange',
    'Formula': 'gray',
    'List-item': 'yellow',
    'Page-footer': 'red',
    'Page-header': 'red',
    'Picture': 'violet',
    'Section-header': 'orange',
    'Table': 'green',
    'Text': 'blue',
    'Title': 'pink'
    }

# bounding boxes start and end of a sequence
cls_box = [0, 0, 0, 0]
sep_box = cls_box

# model
from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModelForTokenClassification
device = torch.device("cuda" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu")

model_id = "NiamaLynn/lilt-roberta-DocLayNet-base_lines_ml256-v1"

tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(model_id)
model = AutoModelForTokenClassification.from_pretrained(model_id);
model.to(device);

# get labels
id2label = model.config.id2label
label2id = model.config.label2id
num_labels = len(id2label)

# (tokenization) The maximum length of a feature (sequence)
if str(256) in model_id:
  max_length = 256 
elif str(512) in model_id:
  max_length = 512 
else:
  print("Error with max_length of chunks!")

# (tokenization) overlap
doc_stride = 128 # The authorized overlap between two part of the context when splitting it is needed.

# max PDF page images that will be displayed
max_imgboxes = 2
examples_dir = 'files/'
image_wo_content = examples_dir + "wo_content.png" # image without content
pdf_blank = examples_dir + "blank.pdf" # blank PDF
image_blank = examples_dir + "blank.png" # blank image

## get langdetect2Tesseract dictionary
t = "files/languages_tesseract.csv"
l = "files/languages_iso.csv"

df_t = pd.read_csv(t)
df_l = pd.read_csv(l)

langs_t = df_t["Language"].to_list()
langs_t = [lang_t.lower().strip().translate(str.maketrans('', '', string.punctuation)) for lang_t in langs_t]
langs_l = df_l["Language"].to_list()
langs_l = [lang_l.lower().strip().translate(str.maketrans('', '', string.punctuation)) for lang_l in langs_l]
langscode_t = df_t["LangCode"].to_list()
langscode_l = df_l["LangCode"].to_list()

Tesseract2langdetect, langdetect2Tesseract = dict(), dict()
for lang_t, langcode_t in zip(langs_t,langscode_t):
  try:
    if lang_t == "Chinese - Simplified".lower().strip().translate(str.maketrans('', '', string.punctuation)): lang_t = "chinese"
    index = langs_l.index(lang_t)
    langcode_l = langscode_l[index]
    Tesseract2langdetect[langcode_t] = langcode_l
  except: 
    continue

langdetect2Tesseract = {v:k for k,v in Tesseract2langdetect.items()}

## General

# get text and bounding boxes from an image
# https://stackoverflow.com/questions/61347755/how-can-i-get-line-coordinates-that-readed-by-tesseract
# https://medium.com/geekculture/tesseract-ocr-understanding-the-contents-of-documents-beyond-their-text-a98704b7c655
def get_data(results, factor, conf_min=0):

  data = {}
  for i in range(len(results['line_num'])):
    level = results['level'][i]
    block_num = results['block_num'][i]
    par_num = results['par_num'][i]
    line_num = results['line_num'][i]
    top, left = results['top'][i], results['left'][i]
    width, height = results['width'][i], results['height'][i]
    conf = results['conf'][i]
    text = results['text'][i]
    if not (text == '' or text.isspace()):
      if conf >= conf_min:
        tup = (text, left, top, width, height)
        if block_num in list(data.keys()):
          if par_num in list(data[block_num].keys()):
            if line_num in list(data[block_num][par_num].keys()):
              data[block_num][par_num][line_num].append(tup)
            else:
              data[block_num][par_num][line_num] = [tup]
          else:
            data[block_num][par_num] = {}
            data[block_num][par_num][line_num] = [tup]
        else:
            data[block_num] = {}
            data[block_num][par_num] = {}
            data[block_num][par_num][line_num] = [tup]

  # get paragraphs dicionnary with list of lines
  par_data = {}
  par_idx = 1
  for _, b  in data.items():
    for _, p in b.items():
      line_data = {}
      line_idx = 1
      for _, l in p.items():
        line_data[line_idx] = l
        line_idx += 1
      par_data[par_idx] = line_data 
      par_idx += 1

  # get lines of texts, grouped by paragraph
  lines = list()
  row_indexes = list()
  row_index = 0
  for _,par in par_data.items():
    count_lines = 0
    for _,line in par.items():
      if count_lines == 0: row_indexes.append(row_index)
      line_text = ' '.join([item[0] for item in line])
      lines.append(line_text)
      count_lines += 1
      row_index += 1
    # lines.append("\n")
    row_index += 1
  # lines = lines[:-1]
  
  # get paragraphes boxes (par_boxes)
  # get lines boxes (line_boxes)
  par_boxes = list()
  par_idx = 1
  line_boxes = list()
  line_idx = 1
  for _, par in par_data.items():
    xmins, ymins, xmaxs, ymaxs = list(), list(), list(), list()
    for _, line in par.items():
      xmin, ymin = line[0][1], line[0][2]
      xmax, ymax = (line[-1][1] + line[-1][3]), (line[-1][2] + line[-1][4])
      line_boxes.append([int(xmin/factor), int(ymin/factor), int(xmax/factor), int(ymax/factor)])
      xmins.append(xmin)
      ymins.append(ymin)
      xmaxs.append(xmax)
      ymaxs.append(ymax)
      line_idx += 1
    xmin, ymin, xmax, ymax = min(xmins), min(ymins), max(xmaxs), max(ymaxs)
    par_boxes.append([int(xmin/factor), int(ymin/factor), int(xmax/factor), int(ymax/factor)])
    par_idx += 1

  return lines, row_indexes, par_boxes, line_boxes #data, par_data #

# rescale image to get 300dpi
def set_image_dpi_resize(image):
    """
    Rescaling image to 300dpi while resizing
    :param image: An image
    :return: A rescaled image
    """
    length_x, width_y = image.size
    factor = min(1, float(1024.0 / length_x))
    size = int(factor * length_x), int(factor * width_y)
    image_resize = image.resize(size, Image.Resampling.LANCZOS)
    temp_file = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(delete=False, suffix='1.png')
    temp_filename = temp_file.name
    image_resize.save(temp_filename, dpi=(300, 300))
    return factor, temp_filename

# it is important that each bounding box should be in (upper left, lower right) format.
# source: https://github.com/NielsRogge/Transformers-Tutorials/issues/129
def upperleft_to_lowerright(bbox):
  x0, y0, x1, y1 = tuple(bbox)
  if bbox[2] < bbox[0]:
    x0 = bbox[2]
    x1 = bbox[0] 
  if bbox[3] < bbox[1]:
    y0 = bbox[3]
    y1 = bbox[1] 
  return [x0, y0, x1, y1]

# convert boundings boxes (left, top, width, height) format to (left, top, left+widght, top+height) format. 
def convert_box(bbox):
    x, y, w, h = tuple(bbox) # the row comes in (left, top, width, height) format
    return [x, y, x+w, y+h] # we turn it into (left, top, left+widght, top+height) to get the actual box 

# LiLT model gets 1000x10000 pixels images
def normalize_box(bbox, width, height):
    return [
        int(1000 * (bbox[0] / width)),
        int(1000 * (bbox[1] / height)),
        int(1000 * (bbox[2] / width)),
        int(1000 * (bbox[3] / height)),
    ]

# LiLT model gets 1000x10000 pixels images
def denormalize_box(bbox, width, height):
    return [
        int(width * (bbox[0] / 1000)),
        int(height * (bbox[1] / 1000)),
        int(width* (bbox[2] / 1000)),
        int(height * (bbox[3] / 1000)),
    ]

# get back original size
def original_box(box, original_width, original_height, coco_width, coco_height):
    return [
        int(original_width * (box[0] / coco_width)),
        int(original_height * (box[1] / coco_height)),
        int(original_width * (box[2] / coco_width)),
        int(original_height* (box[3] / coco_height)),
    ]

def get_blocks(bboxes_block, categories, texts):

 # get list of unique block boxes
    bbox_block_dict, bboxes_block_list, bbox_block_prec = dict(), list(), list()
    for count_block, bbox_block in enumerate(bboxes_block):
      if bbox_block != bbox_block_prec:
        bbox_block_indexes = [i for i, bbox in enumerate(bboxes_block) if bbox == bbox_block]
        bbox_block_dict[count_block] = bbox_block_indexes
        bboxes_block_list.append(bbox_block)
      bbox_block_prec = bbox_block

    # get list of categories and texts by unique block boxes
    category_block_list, text_block_list = list(), list()
    for bbox_block in bboxes_block_list:
      count_block = bboxes_block.index(bbox_block)
      bbox_block_indexes = bbox_block_dict[count_block]
      category_block = np.array(categories, dtype=object)[bbox_block_indexes].tolist()[0]
      category_block_list.append(category_block)
      text_block = np.array(texts, dtype=object)[bbox_block_indexes].tolist()
      text_block = [text.replace("\n","").strip() for text in text_block]
      if id2label[category_block] == "Text" or id2label[category_block] == "Caption" or id2label[category_block] == "Footnote":
        text_block = ' '.join(text_block)
      else:
        text_block = '\n'.join(text_block)
      text_block_list.append(text_block)

    return bboxes_block_list, category_block_list, text_block_list

# function to sort bounding boxes
def get_sorted_boxes(bboxes):

  # sort by y from page top to bottom 
  sorted_bboxes = sorted(bboxes, key=itemgetter(1), reverse=False)
  y_list = [bbox[1] for bbox in sorted_bboxes]

  # sort by x from page left to right when boxes with same y
  if len(list(set(y_list))) != len(y_list):
    y_list_duplicates_indexes = dict()
    y_list_duplicates = [item for item, count in collections.Counter(y_list).items() if count > 1]
    for item in y_list_duplicates:
      y_list_duplicates_indexes[item] = [i for i, e in enumerate(y_list) if e == item]
      bbox_list_y_duplicates = sorted(np.array(sorted_bboxes, dtype=object)[y_list_duplicates_indexes[item]].tolist(), key=itemgetter(0), reverse=False)
      np_array_bboxes = np.array(sorted_bboxes)
      np_array_bboxes[y_list_duplicates_indexes[item]] = np.array(bbox_list_y_duplicates)
      sorted_bboxes = np_array_bboxes.tolist()

  return sorted_bboxes

# sort data from y = 0 to end of page (and after, x=0 to end of page when necessary)
def sort_data(bboxes, categories, texts):

    sorted_bboxes = get_sorted_boxes(bboxes)
    sorted_bboxes_indexes = [bboxes.index(bbox) for bbox in sorted_bboxes]
    sorted_categories = np.array(categories, dtype=object)[sorted_bboxes_indexes].tolist()
    sorted_texts = np.array(texts, dtype=object)[sorted_bboxes_indexes].tolist()

    return sorted_bboxes, sorted_categories, sorted_texts

# sort data from y = 0 to end of page (and after, x=0 to end of page when necessary)
def sort_data_wo_labels(bboxes, texts):

    sorted_bboxes = get_sorted_boxes(bboxes)
    sorted_bboxes_indexes = [bboxes.index(bbox) for bbox in sorted_bboxes]
    sorted_texts = np.array(texts, dtype=object)[sorted_bboxes_indexes].tolist()

    return sorted_bboxes, sorted_texts

## PDF processing

# get filename and images of PDF pages
def pdf_to_images(uploaded_pdf):

    # Check if None object
    if uploaded_pdf is None:
        path_to_file = pdf_blank
        filename = path_to_file.replace(examples_dir,"")
        msg = "Invalid PDF file."
        images = [Image.open(image_blank)]
    else:
        # path to the uploaded PDF
        path_to_file = uploaded_pdf.name
        filename = path_to_file.replace("/tmp/","")

        try:
            PdfReader(path_to_file)
        except PdfReadError:
            path_to_file = pdf_blank
            filename = path_to_file.replace(examples_dir,"")
            msg = "Invalid PDF file."
            images = [Image.open(image_blank)]
        else:
            try:
                images = convert_from_path(path_to_file, last_page=max_imgboxes)
                num_imgs = len(images)
                msg = f'The PDF "{filename}" was converted into {num_imgs} images.'
            except:
                msg = f'Error with the PDF "{filename}": it was not converted into images.'
                images = [Image.open(image_wo_content)]

    return filename, msg, images

# Extraction of image data (text and bounding boxes)
def extraction_data_from_image(images):

    num_imgs = len(images)

    if num_imgs > 0:

        # https://pyimagesearch.com/2021/11/15/tesseract-page-segmentation-modes-psms-explained-how-to-improve-your-ocr-accuracy/
        custom_config = r'--oem 3 --psm 3 -l eng' # default config PyTesseract: --oem 3 --psm 3 -l eng+deu+fra+jpn+por+spa+rus+hin+chi_sim
        results, lines, row_indexes, par_boxes, line_boxes = dict(), dict(), dict(), dict(), dict()
        images_ids_list, lines_list, par_boxes_list, line_boxes_list, images_list, page_no_list, num_pages_list = list(), list(), list(), list(), list(), list(), list()
        
        try: 
            for i,image in enumerate(images):
                # image preprocessing
                # https://docs.opencv.org/3.0-beta/doc/py_tutorials/py_imgproc/py_thresholding/py_thresholding.html
                img = image.copy()
                factor, path_to_img = set_image_dpi_resize(img) # Rescaling to 300dpi
                img = Image.open(path_to_img)
                img = np.array(img, dtype='uint8') # convert PIL to cv2
                img = cv2.cvtColor(img, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY) # gray scale image
                ret,img = cv2.threshold(img,127,255,cv2.THRESH_BINARY)

                # OCR PyTesseract | get langs of page
                txt = pytesseract.image_to_string(img, config=custom_config)
                txt = txt.strip().lower()
                txt = re.sub(r" +", " ", txt) # multiple space
                txt = re.sub(r"(\n\s*)+\n+", "\n", txt) # multiple line
                # txt = os.popen(f'tesseract {img_filepath} - {custom_config}').read()
                try:
                    langs = detect_langs(txt)
                    langs = [langdetect2Tesseract[langs[i].lang] for i in range(len(langs))]
                    langs_string = '+'.join(langs)
                except:
                    langs_string = "eng"
                langs_string += '+osd'
                custom_config = f'--oem 3 --psm 3 -l {langs_string}' # default config PyTesseract: --oem 3 --psm 3

                # OCR PyTesseract | get data
                results[i] = pytesseract.image_to_data(img, config=custom_config, output_type=pytesseract.Output.DICT)
                # results[i] = os.popen(f'tesseract {img_filepath} - {custom_config}').read()

                lines[i], row_indexes[i], par_boxes[i], line_boxes[i] = get_data(results[i], factor, conf_min=0)
                lines_list.append(lines[i])
                par_boxes_list.append(par_boxes[i])
                line_boxes_list.append(line_boxes[i])
                images_ids_list.append(i)
                images_list.append(images[i])
                page_no_list.append(i)
                num_pages_list.append(num_imgs)

        except:
            print(f"There was an error within the extraction of PDF text by the OCR!")
        else: 
            from datasets import Dataset
            dataset = Dataset.from_dict({"images_ids": images_ids_list, "images": images_list, "page_no": page_no_list, "num_pages": num_pages_list, "texts": lines_list, "bboxes_line": line_boxes_list})
                    
            # print(f"The text data was successfully extracted by the OCR!")

            return dataset, lines, row_indexes, par_boxes, line_boxes

## Inference

def prepare_inference_features(example, cls_box = cls_box, sep_box = sep_box):

  images_ids_list, chunks_ids_list, input_ids_list, attention_mask_list, bb_list = list(), list(), list(), list(), list()

  # get batch 
  batch_images_ids = example["images_ids"]
  batch_images = example["images"]
  batch_bboxes_line = example["bboxes_line"]
  batch_texts = example["texts"]  
  batch_images_size = [image.size for image in batch_images]

  batch_width, batch_height = [image_size[0] for image_size in batch_images_size], [image_size[1] for image_size in batch_images_size]

  # add a dimension if not a batch but only one image
  if not isinstance(batch_images_ids, list): 
    batch_images_ids = [batch_images_ids]
    batch_images = [batch_images]
    batch_bboxes_line = [batch_bboxes_line]
    batch_texts = [batch_texts]
    batch_width, batch_height = [batch_width], [batch_height] 

  # process all images of the batch
  for num_batch, (image_id, boxes, texts, width, height) in enumerate(zip(batch_images_ids, batch_bboxes_line, batch_texts, batch_width, batch_height)):
    tokens_list = []
    bboxes_list = []

    # add a dimension if only on image
    if not isinstance(texts, list):
      texts, boxes = [texts], [boxes]

    # convert boxes to original
    normalize_bboxes_line = [normalize_box(upperleft_to_lowerright(box), width, height) for box in boxes]

    # sort boxes with texts
    # we want sorted lists from top to bottom of the image
    boxes, texts = sort_data_wo_labels(normalize_bboxes_line, texts)

    count = 0
    for box, text in zip(boxes, texts):
      tokens = tokenizer.tokenize(text)
      num_tokens = len(tokens) # get number of tokens
      tokens_list.extend(tokens)

      bboxes_list.extend([box] * num_tokens) # number of boxes must be the same as the number of tokens

    # use of return_overflowing_tokens=True / stride=doc_stride
    # to get parts of image with overlap
    # source: https://huggingface.co/course/chapter6/3b?fw=tf#handling-long-contexts
    encodings = tokenizer(" ".join(texts), 
                          truncation=True,
                          padding="max_length", 
                          max_length=max_length, 
                          stride=doc_stride, 
                          return_overflowing_tokens=True, 
                          return_offsets_mapping=True
                          )

    otsm = encodings.pop("overflow_to_sample_mapping")
    offset_mapping = encodings.pop("offset_mapping")

    # Let's label those examples and get their boxes   
    sequence_length_prev = 0   
    for i, offsets in enumerate(offset_mapping):
      # truncate tokens, boxes and labels based on length of chunk - 2 (special tokens <s> and </s>)
      sequence_length = len(encodings.input_ids[i]) - 2
      if i == 0: start = 0
      else: start += sequence_length_prev - doc_stride
      end = start + sequence_length
      sequence_length_prev = sequence_length

      # get tokens, boxes and labels of this image chunk
      bb = [cls_box] + bboxes_list[start:end] + [sep_box]

      # as the last chunk can have a length < max_length
      # we must to add [tokenizer.pad_token] (tokens), [sep_box] (boxes) and [-100] (labels)
      if len(bb) < max_length:
        bb = bb + [sep_box] * (max_length - len(bb))

      # append results
      input_ids_list.append(encodings["input_ids"][i])
      attention_mask_list.append(encodings["attention_mask"][i])
      bb_list.append(bb)
      images_ids_list.append(image_id)
      chunks_ids_list.append(i)
        
  return {
      "images_ids": images_ids_list,
      "chunk_ids": chunks_ids_list,
      "input_ids": input_ids_list,
      "attention_mask": attention_mask_list,
      "normalized_bboxes": bb_list,
  }

from torch.utils.data import Dataset

class CustomDataset(Dataset):
  def __init__(self, dataset, tokenizer):
    self.dataset = dataset
    self.tokenizer = tokenizer

  def __len__(self):
    return len(self.dataset)

  def __getitem__(self, idx):
    # get item
    example = self.dataset[idx]
    encoding = dict()
    encoding["images_ids"] = example["images_ids"]
    encoding["chunk_ids"] = example["chunk_ids"]
    encoding["input_ids"] = example["input_ids"]
    encoding["attention_mask"] = example["attention_mask"]
    encoding["bbox"] = example["normalized_bboxes"]
    
    return encoding

import torch.nn.functional as F

# get predictions at token level
def predictions_token_level(images, custom_encoded_dataset):

    num_imgs = len(images)
    if num_imgs > 0:

        chunk_ids, input_ids, bboxes, outputs, token_predictions  = dict(), dict(), dict(), dict(), dict()
        images_ids_list = list()

        for i,encoding in enumerate(custom_encoded_dataset):

            # get custom encoded data
            image_id = encoding['images_ids']
            chunk_id = encoding['chunk_ids']
            input_id = torch.tensor(encoding['input_ids'])[None]
            attention_mask = torch.tensor(encoding['attention_mask'])[None]
            bbox = torch.tensor(encoding['bbox'])[None]

            # save data in dictionnaries
            if image_id not in images_ids_list: images_ids_list.append(image_id)

            if image_id in chunk_ids: chunk_ids[image_id].append(chunk_id)
            else: chunk_ids[image_id] = [chunk_id]

            if image_id in input_ids: input_ids[image_id].append(input_id)
            else: input_ids[image_id] = [input_id]

            if image_id in bboxes: bboxes[image_id].append(bbox)
            else: bboxes[image_id] = [bbox]

            # get prediction with forward pass
            with torch.no_grad():
                output = model(
                    input_ids=input_id,
                    attention_mask=attention_mask,
                    bbox=bbox
                    )
              
            # save probabilities of predictions in dictionnary
            if image_id in outputs: outputs[image_id].append(F.softmax(output.logits.squeeze(), dim=-1))
            else: outputs[image_id] = [F.softmax(output.logits.squeeze(), dim=-1)]

        return outputs, images_ids_list, chunk_ids, input_ids, bboxes

    else:
        print("An error occurred while getting predictions!")

from functools import reduce

# Get predictions (line level)
def predictions_line_level(dataset, outputs, images_ids_list, chunk_ids, input_ids, bboxes):

    ten_probs_dict, ten_input_ids_dict, ten_bboxes_dict = dict(), dict(), dict()
    bboxes_list_dict, input_ids_dict_dict, probs_dict_dict, df = dict(), dict(), dict(), dict()

    if len(images_ids_list) > 0:

        for i, image_id in enumerate(images_ids_list):

            # get image information
            images_list = dataset.filter(lambda example: example["images_ids"] == image_id)["images"]
            image = images_list[0]
            width, height = image.size

            # get data
            chunk_ids_list = chunk_ids[image_id]
            outputs_list = outputs[image_id]
            input_ids_list = input_ids[image_id]
            bboxes_list = bboxes[image_id]

            # create zeros tensors
            ten_probs = torch.zeros((outputs_list[0].shape[0] - 2)*len(outputs_list), outputs_list[0].shape[1])
            ten_input_ids = torch.ones(size=(1, (outputs_list[0].shape[0] - 2)*len(outputs_list)), dtype =int)
            ten_bboxes = torch.zeros(size=(1, (outputs_list[0].shape[0] - 2)*len(outputs_list), 4), dtype =int)

            if len(outputs_list) > 1:
              
                for num_output, (output, input_id, bbox) in enumerate(zip(outputs_list, input_ids_list, bboxes_list)):
                    start = num_output*(max_length - 2) - max(0,num_output)*doc_stride
                    end = start + (max_length - 2)
                    
                    if num_output == 0:
                        ten_probs[start:end,:] += output[1:-1]
                        ten_input_ids[:,start:end] = input_id[:,1:-1]
                        ten_bboxes[:,start:end,:] = bbox[:,1:-1,:]
                    else:
                        ten_probs[start:start + doc_stride,:] += output[1:1 + doc_stride]
                        ten_probs[start:start + doc_stride,:] = ten_probs[start:start + doc_stride,:] * 0.5
                        ten_probs[start + doc_stride:end,:] += output[1 + doc_stride:-1]

                        ten_input_ids[:,start:start + doc_stride] = input_id[:,1:1 + doc_stride]
                        ten_input_ids[:,start + doc_stride:end] = input_id[:,1 + doc_stride:-1]

                        ten_bboxes[:,start:start + doc_stride,:] = bbox[:,1:1 + doc_stride,:]
                        ten_bboxes[:,start + doc_stride:end,:] = bbox[:,1 + doc_stride:-1,:]
              
            else:
                ten_probs += outputs_list[0][1:-1] 
                ten_input_ids = input_ids_list[0][:,1:-1] 
                ten_bboxes = bboxes_list[0][:,1:-1] 

            ten_probs_list, ten_input_ids_list, ten_bboxes_list = ten_probs.tolist(), ten_input_ids.tolist()[0], ten_bboxes.tolist()[0]
            bboxes_list = list()
            input_ids_dict, probs_dict = dict(), dict()
            bbox_prev = [-100, -100, -100, -100]
            for probs, input_id, bbox in zip(ten_probs_list, ten_input_ids_list, ten_bboxes_list):
                bbox = denormalize_box(bbox, width, height)
                if bbox != bbox_prev and bbox != cls_box and bbox != sep_box and bbox[0] != bbox[2] and bbox[1] != bbox[3]:
                    bboxes_list.append(bbox)
                    input_ids_dict[str(bbox)] = [input_id]
                    probs_dict[str(bbox)] = [probs]
                elif bbox != cls_box and bbox != sep_box and bbox[0] != bbox[2] and bbox[1] != bbox[3]:
                    input_ids_dict[str(bbox)].append(input_id)
                    probs_dict[str(bbox)].append(probs)
                bbox_prev = bbox

            probs_bbox = dict()
            for i,bbox in enumerate(bboxes_list):
                probs = probs_dict[str(bbox)]
                probs = np.array(probs).T.tolist()
            
                probs_label = list()
                for probs_list in probs:
                    prob_label = reduce(lambda x, y: x*y, probs_list)
                    prob_label = prob_label**(1./(len(probs_list))) # normalization
                    probs_label.append(prob_label)
                max_value = max(probs_label)
                max_index = probs_label.index(max_value)
                probs_bbox[str(bbox)] = max_index

            bboxes_list_dict[image_id] = bboxes_list
            input_ids_dict_dict[image_id] = input_ids_dict
            probs_dict_dict[image_id] = probs_bbox

            df[image_id] = pd.DataFrame()
            df[image_id]["bboxes"] = bboxes_list
            df[image_id]["texts"] = [tokenizer.decode(input_ids_dict[str(bbox)]) for bbox in bboxes_list]
            df[image_id]["labels"] = [id2label[probs_bbox[str(bbox)]] for bbox in bboxes_list]

        return probs_bbox, bboxes_list_dict, input_ids_dict_dict, probs_dict_dict, df

    else:
        print("An error occurred while getting predictions!")

# Get labeled images with lines bounding boxes
def get_labeled_images(dataset, images_ids_list, bboxes_list_dict, probs_dict_dict):

    labeled_images = list()

    for i, image_id in enumerate(images_ids_list):

        # get image
        images_list = dataset.filter(lambda example: example["images_ids"] == image_id)["images"]
        image = images_list[0]
        width, height = image.size

        # get predicted boxes and labels
        bboxes_list = bboxes_list_dict[image_id]
        probs_bbox = probs_dict_dict[image_id]

        draw = ImageDraw.Draw(image)
        # https://stackoverflow.com/questions/66274858/choosing-a-pil-imagefont-by-font-name-rather-than-filename-and-cross-platform-f
        font = font_manager.FontProperties(family='sans-serif', weight='bold')
        font_file = font_manager.findfont(font)
        font_size = 30
        font = ImageFont.truetype(font_file, font_size)

        for bbox in bboxes_list:
              predicted_label = id2label[probs_bbox[str(bbox)]]
              draw.rectangle(bbox, outline=label2color[predicted_label])
              draw.text((bbox[0] + 10, bbox[1] - font_size), text=predicted_label, fill=label2color[predicted_label], font=font)

        labeled_images.append(image)

    return labeled_images

# get data of encoded chunk
def get_encoded_chunk_inference(index_chunk=None):

  # get datasets
  example = dataset
  encoded_example = encoded_dataset

  # get randomly a document in dataset
  if index_chunk == None: index_chunk = random.randint(0, len(encoded_example)-1)
  encoded_example = encoded_example[index_chunk]
  encoded_image_ids = encoded_example["images_ids"]

  # get the image
  example = example.filter(lambda example: example["images_ids"] ==  encoded_image_ids)[0]
  image = example["images"] # original image
  width, height = image.size
  page_no = example["page_no"]
  num_pages = example["num_pages"]

  # get boxes, texts, categories
  bboxes, input_ids  = encoded_example["normalized_bboxes"][1:-1], encoded_example["input_ids"][1:-1]
  bboxes = [denormalize_box(bbox, width, height) for bbox in bboxes]
  num_tokens = len(input_ids) + 2

  # get unique bboxes and corresponding labels
  bboxes_list, input_ids_list = list(), list()
  input_ids_dict = dict()
  bbox_prev = [-100, -100, -100, -100]
  for i, (bbox, input_id) in enumerate(zip(bboxes, input_ids)):
    if bbox != bbox_prev:
      bboxes_list.append(bbox)
      input_ids_dict[str(bbox)] = [input_id]
    else:
      input_ids_dict[str(bbox)].append(input_id)
    
    # start_indexes_list.append(i)
    bbox_prev = bbox
  
  # do not keep "</s><pad><pad>..."
  if input_ids_dict[str(bboxes_list[-1])][0] == (tokenizer.convert_tokens_to_ids('</s>')):
    del input_ids_dict[str(bboxes_list[-1])]
    bboxes_list = bboxes_list[:-1]

  # get texts by line
  input_ids_list = input_ids_dict.values()
  texts_list = [tokenizer.decode(input_ids) for input_ids in input_ids_list]
  
  # display DataFrame
  df = pd.DataFrame({"texts": texts_list, "input_ids": input_ids_list, "bboxes": bboxes_list})

  return image, df, num_tokens, page_no, num_pages

# display chunk of PDF image and its data
def display_chunk_lines_inference(index_chunk=None):

  # get image and image data
  image, df, num_tokens, page_no, num_pages = get_encoded_chunk_inference(index_chunk=index_chunk)

  # get data from dataframe
  input_ids = df["input_ids"]
  texts = df["texts"]
  bboxes = df["bboxes"]

  print(f'Chunk ({num_tokens} tokens) of the PDF (page: {page_no+1} / {num_pages})\n')

  # display image with bounding boxes
  print(">> PDF image with bounding boxes of lines\n")
  draw = ImageDraw.Draw(image)
            
  labels = list()
  for box, text in zip(bboxes, texts):
      color = "red"
      draw.rectangle(box, outline=color)
  
  # resize image to original
  width, height = image.size
  image = image.resize((int(0.5*width), int(0.5*height)))

  # convert to cv and display
  img = np.array(image, dtype='uint8') # PIL to cv2
  cv2_imshow(img)
  cv2.waitKey(0)

  # display image dataframe
  print("\n>> Dataframe of annotated lines\n")
  cols = ["texts",	"bboxes"]
  df = df[cols]
  display(df)