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now when I ran the for loop, what did I do, I executed the for loop, now what do I do, I write text here, I wrote any text here, similarly, I wrote text here, okay, I put triple code because I had to write in multiple lines, I have text, listen brother, now what do I have to do, I have to do this inside it that I have to find inside how many times did A come in what to do how many times okay it's a very simple task so let's see what is the function of count what should I put inside the count


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of count what should I put inside the count should I put A how many times did it come 26 times okay but the capital one would not have come now how do I include the capital one yes make this text dot lower here I will do this text dot lower then after that count how many times did A come in a single capital okay now I'm going to do [music] I want to find out in a single go how many times did A come in it and how many times did O come okay I'm slowly trying to take you towards what we want to do


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trying to take you towards what we want to do so now what do I do for this now in the count so either write separately now I'll run the for loop over the entire text for where will you pick the character from pick the character from now I'll pick each character and ask it so are you or are you A, that's what I asked, okay now I'll ask you this, if you understand brother, if the character is equal to what, it is equal to AThis character is equal to capital A, both are A, if y is equal to this,


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to capital A, both are A, if y is equal to this, then we have to find out the counting, what do we have to find out, counting is not it, no, we will do it in one, so I will increase the count, now what do I have to do here, I will have to create a count, first the count is zero, now it will happen, so what should I say, what should I do in the count brother, what should I do, plus it, so as soon as it gets, what will it do in the count, it will come to know, right, okay, secondly, what do we do


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to know, right, okay, secondly, what do we do with u, we would do exactly the same, we copied it, wrote it here, what will I write here, oh and I will write here, now and we will have to create a count of this as well, okay, oh it's okay, else whatever is there, we need it in the operator, we had read, if there is a value of 10 in A, and I have to increase it by one, then what would I do, so what would I do, so what has the value of A become, how much has it become, make everyone a rooster,


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how much has it become, make everyone a rooster, what has the value of A become, hey, stand up, turn on your head, what is the value of A, hey, the value of A will remain the same, there has been no change in the value of A right now If you want to change the same value, then you will have to enter it again in A. The new value that has come should be replaced in A. Now first understand this brother, I am coming now, that is why I am telling you. Okay, if I have to create a new value of one and


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Okay, if I have to create a new value of one and replace it with the old value, then I write this here, I will check the value of A, how much will it come out to be 11, what is its short form, plus equal and what are these and these two, they are equal, you can write it like this, you can write it like this, it also means that increase one and put it in the same, what does it mean, increase it in the already existing one and put d in it, okay, so now we have it, I can get it printed on Y, okay,


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now we have it, I can get it printed on Y, okay, how many times is A, the count of A and print how many times is it, now the count of A is okay, how many times is A 27 times and how many times is O 18 times, okay, no issue, I have not formatted it, I have not done formatting, if I will do formatting, then right now I will put a comma and print two values, if you want to format it, then format it, let's go. yes just end it here and


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We were studying about file read and write, but you people were not able to understand what is happening, let us do it a little bit, ok sir what are you asking, tell me when, ok we were discussing under file handling, why do we do read and write in the file, why do we do it, brother, so that our data is being generated, it should be stored permanently and when we require, we can read it as well, the file reading mode is different, there are reading modes, I have done it, friend, there is writing


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modes, I have done it, friend, there is writing mode, there is app mode and writing plus mode, okay, reading is binary mode, okay, so what have I written, I have told you all these file reading modes, now basically what happens is that if we have a file, like this is a file, the file is present in the name of keys.tex, I have to read this or this file is present in the name of code.tex, this is a text file, it has to be read, you have to bring your as a string here, the as code will not come,


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your as a string here, the as code will not come, okay so what will I do, I have There is a function which is present called the non-open function. When we read with the help of this, we call it the cutex manager. Just remember that v-open is a function. V-open has to be told which file to read. Code txt and by default, which mode is it called the reading mode. By default, what is the reading mode? So, even if you don't write reading in reading, it will understand itself what I have to do,


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it will understand itself what I have to do, read. And obviously, if I write the name of a file which doesn't exist, then it will throw an error. Which error will it be, file not found? Okay, like the code is there, what will I do with the coding? Now, if I tell A to read, go to read and what will it know that this file doesn't exist at this place. I will search for it right here in my working folder. This file doesn't exist. We will get an error, file not found error. Our code also gets


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error, file not found error. Our code also gets crashed because of this. So, we have found its solution in error handling. What will we do with this? We will give b in the try, we will keep it in the try block and then we will make it read and if the file is not found then what will happen, oh accept it, if I think this error will come, ok write it like thisI will give you file not found print otherwise the file ins location now this code is getting crushed see from here this error came it went


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crushed see from here this error came it went to accept okay good well this we are writing we have the name of the file code dtxt I read it but nothing came out because I have read it and I have not got it printed so what can I do if I get it printed here then this whole text will come to us in form okay if I don't get it printed directly then what can I do with it the contact text of the file which I have read I will get it saved in that text when it gets saved then we will get this text in


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when it gets saved then we will get this text in form okay yes yes I just said that whatever the file is it is a text file and string will be read sir what is the benefit of this what is the benefit of doing this thing the benefit is that I have to read data from different sources I can also read CSP file I can also read Excel file okay what do you want to do file u fa well most of the times when you are working then everything is with you It is not present in your system, okay and you don't


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is not present in your system, okay and you don't even know where it is. You just run a query. If the file is present on the server, fetch its data. If it is not there, then say file not found. We don't even know how much data would be there in that file and what all things would be there. So when we are doing automation, then sometimes you will get a chance to do automation in Python. So, you keep writing every script and the script runs, it goes and picks up the data file from the server and


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and picks up the data file from the server and does all the processing and your work is done in one click, without any human development. So now the question is, how to pick up this text? The text has come, the code wants to pick it up, that means what should it understand? It should understand the syntax of Python. Okay, I will have to import the library separately. We will do this through it. Right now, it is not our job. We will move away from this path. Now that we have this text, we will


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this path. Now that we have this text, we will do that as an example. Next, inside the data, if I now have this text, this is coming in string format. Why is A placed because there is a space inside this fileWhat has happened here, when it came here, next line was pressed, next line came or next line was pressed, so now when it is showing me the text, whatever it has read, if I tell it to print it, now while printing, what will it do on the screen? It will print and you know what action the


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It will print and you know what action the print gets, if you go to the next line, then the next line will go, then while printing, the slide will not come, the bulk slide has been implemented, okay, like this is okay, so by default, which mode is the reading mode, the file is being read and we can also see the content of the file here, we can also write some code, some logic in between it that brother, if this happens, it should not happen, now read also has many functions, read also has many


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read also has many functions, read also has many functions and you see that when I tell it to read, then what do I get here, read and read line, read lines are also there, or so many, now if I say read line, so what does it read, it reads only one line in the text, what does it do, it reads only one line, so in such a situation I will get it printed, one line answer is coming, what do we do, if I have to read the code line by line, this also comes in logic, so what do I do, I put a for loop,


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in logic, so what do I do, I put a for loop, then I put a loop, then line in a dot one minute one minute minute see, when I said object, everything is present inside that object, so I did not need to put read line one by one, I knew this happens, that's why I was checking it, otherwise you can put read line, now what will it do, it picked up only one line, but if I picked up one by one from it, then that line, then I will have to read lines, it will pick up all the lines, when read line alone


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will pick up all the lines, when read line alone runs, it also closes every line in a list, well let me tell you one thing, you should leave it, do not think too much about it, it is okay, it will not come in our utilization, if we go to the library, then we will be dealing with it comfortably in an easy way, so that's why there is no need to think so much without reason, dot read, that's it, it's just fine, it is coming to us after being read, okay, okay. If I want I can print it insideIf I


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okay, okay. If I want I can print it insideIf I want to, I don't have to save it in a variable, I should just read it directly and what should I do here, print it, I won't need it like okay, now I have to write the file, so I should do the same thing, open which file do I have to write in this code file, what should I do, code dot text and how is my mood, writing mood, okay now I have written okay, write what do I write, hello, when I wrote this, now I am reading this, code dot text and what


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now I am reading this, code dot text and what did I say, now read dot read what output is going to come, where did the rest go, okay now remember, remember whenever you go inside a file in writing mode, first it creates a new file, now since that file was already present, what did it do, it created another file of the same name, the old file got overridden, so whenever you write in the write mode, it creates a file, by the way, what do we say directly that as soon as you write in the write


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directly that as soon as you write in the write mode, whatever is written in the file gets overridden, no, this statement is wrong Whatever was written in the file does not get overwritten, rather the entire file gets replaced from there, a new file comes in its place with the same name. If a new file is created, then the text written in it will remain the same. Then the old file will get overridden. So whenever you go into writing mode to write a new file, keep in mind that in the writing


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a new file, keep in mind that in the writing mode, the entire text of the file will disappear. Only the text that you have written will remain. Here, I can give multiple write statements. [Music] That's right, because both are being seen. The file has been overwritten again. But I have given two statements, in the new file, first this was written, then this will be written. Now, first understand what it is saying. Well, I have written this. Now, when I run this, then this code will create a new


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when I run this, then this code will create a new file. What will become of the old file because the name is the same. So, write the old file and then what will be written on the first line, hello, what will be written in the second line, what will be written in the third line. Let's see, yes, it will not run, it will give an error. Brother, there is no write method in reading mode like I am writing hereI am doing it here, I will write a dot right hello, what is the unsupported rationale, this


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hello, what is the unsupported rationale, this mud is not right, now try to understand this output, what is happening in the output, how is it written, why is it written like this, because remember computer memory is just like a black page, okay, and like this, you are seeing something, the cursor on the screen is flashing, yes, okay, the memory cursor is here right now, when you said in the code there, write hello world, then it wrote, it wrote, now where should the cursor be, did you pass any


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now where should the cursor be, did you pass any other instruction from there, then where will the cursor be, it will be the same, then you said in the next line, brother write Python, so from where will it write, brother it will write from where it is standing, you did not say give space, you did not say change the line, okay, so as it is getting instructions, it keeps on writing, but if I write here, what What should I do when I am writing this, should I say slit tub should be applied and


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this, should I say slit tub should be applied and what should be applied here also slit tub should be applied now this will see why now when he would have come here to write then he was told hello word after that what did he say tub what instruction did he get tub there so he pressed tub then he wrote python he pressed tub next now the next suction that he gets will run from in front of it okay thing is clear okay very good so instead of this tab I can also do slit a I can also do slit a then


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I can also do slit a I can also do slit a then what will happen to us the line will come down I double slit a did slit a and then slit now what will happen will be a gap of two lines okay so this is how it behaves the sound of ch ch coming from behind understand it has come okay I am understanding this thing okay now if I write again in the same file then it will get messed up if there is a lift cut again in the same file then what do we do mud we change it we get in a good mood in which mud up


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change it we get in a good mood in which mud up mud Let's come to this now I say on y I open the file [music] what should I name it code dot text and I said append it, okay append this now I said adot right okay I'll put these appended lines on y because I didn't put itI had put this at the end, first change the line, then start writing and get the code read again, now it will go again and when it is read and brought back, what will you see, pend now the old code is not ending, it is getting


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now the old code is not ending, it is getting appended to the same file, it will be clear, simple, that's all you need to remember, well we have a mood, writing plus and reading plus, what does it do with open writing plus, what does it say that you can write and read and write in this mood, similarly, what can you do inside the reading plus mood, you can read and write as well, so what do I do here now because right now the problem that is happening because of this is that I have to open the


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because of this is that I have to open the file once to write and then to read again I have to go to the file and open it, where should I give an answer to this, first he made us write three lines, first we made him write this line, hello world, and then what did he say, what did he say to him, okay, then he made us write it, then what did he say, then we I made him write one line and told him that the next line would stand there, it is like this and then when I said append it, if it stands


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this and then when I said append it, if it stands there, then where will it append, it will do this equal to it, now listen, this is what I am telling you that when I am billing here and now I append again, then from where will it start writing, it will start writing from here where it is billing, so I said no no, when I have changed the lines everywhere, now I will write it again, first change the line and then start writing, okay, so with open now I have a file, which code dot text, should I


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now I have a file, which code dot text, should I do this, what is read plus mode as a, okay, which mud is it, re plus mud, now in read plus what do I get done first, I get it written, okay we are in class mode of reading, okay then I said dot write can read and write both in mud y y or put this selection y, okay now here I am saying dot read, now just read and bring it and print it, if someone tells me the output, if someone tells me the output, then whatever it is, Well done, you will get good


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then whatever it is, Well done, you will get good results [Music] Ji, again and again it happens that the statement should be differentSo, sometimes someone has written a state, you want to multiply it by three, first tell the name of the state, then the second one again by applying a loop, yes brother, I did not do this, this was it, this one, I have already placed it there, yes, I removed it for a minute, removed it, okay, I ran it, okay, should I read, where is it coming, where is it coming,


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I read, where is it coming, where is it coming, is it correct, should I return it, okay, thing is done, now I am asking what will be the output, which will tell that the output will be correct, the one whose answer is correct, I will give him special tea with cardamom, milk, let's drink it, so tell me son, I will get such a big samosa made specially, I will get it made specially for you, right, I am saying yes, who will get it, think it is absolutely wrong, don't tell me, if you do it a little,


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wrong, don't tell me, if you do it a little, then you should reach till the end, see what happened, I am writing, I am writing, the answer will come on that line, what will come, where will we write the print, write it on the first line, now what will come, now the code is to read the file, no, no, why, write a file once The word should come in the answer because I have already written it but if I change the name of the file here and create a new file, the file is already created and I double


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file, the file is already created and I double plus it so that the file gets created, double creates the file, now what will come, now brother, now there is no file of code one, now when I say read, then what will it read by going into that file, first it will create it, if it goes into it and reads, then what will it get, it will not get anything, it will not get anything, now then write and then finally say read, then it will be in the file but all that will have gone behind it and it is


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but all that will have gone behind it and it is going ahead, then how should I read, then how should I read, so what will I say, when you are writing then it is reading, go to A dot C zero index P, where do you go, go to zero index, when you are writing then where should you take your cursor, zero index P, when you are writing here, then where should you take the cursor back, now if you read it again, then it will get to read, okay now you see this we have It has come in code one, the file of


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this we have It has come in code one, the file of code one has been created and can also be read, let me do it again, see, I said we open a file, write what, write the name of the file, write test test d text file, how is the mood, read itit will do it and also write it I said dot [music] right, okay let me do one thing here, I'll put a for loop, like when we used to work earlier in our childhood, I'll put a for while loop while true, okay, line input enter some line and press what, okay, if


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input enter some line and press what, okay, if what comes in the line, then what will happen, break, otherwise what will you do, keep doing dot write, okay, now it will keep taking line by line input and write will keep happening inside it, but when the write is done, then along with it, what should I write slash a slash so that the next line also goes in it, otherwise it will start writing everything in a single line, okay, what will we do in the end, f dot walekum salam a [music] dot you are


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end, f dot walekum salam a [music] dot you are absolutely right, you will also do learn, so inside the f dot read itself I will write adot what will happen first will become c and then what will happen read will be read and will get printed, okay, correctly written code, in my opinion, should work, find the meaning of learn, go and learn, we play with children, peekaboo, s g inside write, y p hi, right now the line is opened, tired So it will come here inside the line sl which will write the


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come here inside the line sl which will write the line by doing that now I run it enter the sum line and press k what did I write what did I write brother question number no what is python okay it came again what did I write answer python is a dangerous sa then I wrote the next question question to what is anaconda what happened what will I write in the answer anaconda i a distribution okay ana distribution okay now it is saying what do I say what will happen from that break no output came yes


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will happen from that break no output came yes no it is correct ad read c okay let's do it again it doesn't happen like this but let me do it I do it here what should happen before this let's do c g okay sir re a return why didn't you create a function friend yes abe we have to go to zero index right brother no okay this is why I will have to write it again and again now it's done what is our first question what is python answer its okay then what did we say what is anaconda and then what did


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did we say what is anaconda and then what did we do He said Anaconda is a distribution then what did I say what happened it came question number one question number one got solved so in this way we startedSo that's the question, I have answered it, well, we can do read-write in both double plus mud and R plus mud, but keep in mind that we will have to bring it back after learning R, otherwise if I give the index between zero and one in seek, then it comes here and while doing billing here, I


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it comes here and while doing billing here, I said seek index number 10, so what will be index number 10, 0 T 3 4 5 6 7 8 No 10 now writing will start from Y s, then reading, see how it is, I said no index, okay, I also told it what is Python okay and in the answer I said, so where did you start, started reading from 10 index, write, this was we should know a little bit about file read-write, rest we will not need to work mostly in this, the difference is that W plus will create the file and


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is that W plus will create the file and give it, but R needs the file, if there is no file in R, then that error will come, yes, yes, where we are working, It will be created otherwise if you want to do it somewhere else then write the full path and say create it here, yes brother this is the only code one code text is coming, okay now which file have we clicked on the test file, test it is working that is why we are working permanently, our data should go there, okay now we are moving towards


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should go there, okay now we are moving towards we are working on Python here, yes I have studied it with great effort for all of you, okay there is a lot more in Python but come on, okay now we are entering the next phase of our module, yes and you should have announced the test today, you should have announced the test after today's date, the next model is not starting right now, yes give the assignment also, yes everything is possible brother I had shared the syllabus of the first module


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I had shared the syllabus of the first module with you, didn't I, I have shared with you the syllabus of the first module, Python for Data Science and this one was ours, no, not this, I have overridden, what file has been overridden, one minute, one minute, inside that we have module one In the lesson, we were going to study Python and through Python we would learn to write back-end. Okay, in class or we would learn to create an API in Django. So yes, now let's create one. For this, apart from


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yes, now let's create one. For this, apart from Jupiter, we will now work in VS code. We will work in VS code.Let's do it okay, everyone knows VS code, if someone doesn't know then he can use the code, I can tell him, it gets created again, the file management becomes a little difficult, okay, how many people don't know about VS code, see, the way we had an ID, we discussed in the beginning, we need an ID to write code, okay, and what did we choose for that ID, Jupyter notebook Anaconda, an


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choose for that ID, Jupyter notebook Anaconda, an Anaconda box in which all the IDs are kept, so now we can use the ID which is mostly used for the web, and by using that ID, can Jupiter also run inside the code? So what you have to do simply, you have to go to the browser and write VS code, VS code download, the first link will come to you, download and install it, it will get installed quickly, when it gets installed, when you write code here, it will be visible, Studio Code will come in,


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it will be visible, Studio Code will come in, okay, how many people know what a pilot is, he flies a plane, a pilot flies a plane, okay, that's why I asked, we have a term, okay sometimes like this It happens that the person dies while flying the plane, then what happens, both of them become unconscious, someone mixed the medicine, the autopilot goes on, the ship goes into autopilot mode, the autopilot runs or what is autopilot, the ship itself is maintaining its speed and altitude and


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itself is maintaining its speed and altitude and everything, okay, and it itself is following the map and tries to reach its destination by finding it, so for the time being, for some time the ship is saved from getting disbalanced, okay, until some precautionary measure is taken, then something in our programming autopilot, is autopilot a service which is a paid service, that is, if I write this get hub autopilot, then this AI pair programmer is so much fun that your heart will want to start


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is so much fun that your heart will want to start kissing it, yes, why because it is so intelligent or so smart that whatever you might be thinking, it will go beyond your mind It will take out the code and write it itself. Now you are laughing, this is what I am telling you, so you just think, you just thought like this and it will generate the entire code.I have already told you, here it is, what is happening friend, how has it entered my mind, what kind of palette is this, so now the issue


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what kind of palette is this, so now the issue is that you should not think anything wrong in front of it, that it should open that website and open all those things that this is going on in its mind, the good thing is that it works only for the code, you do not get troubled, yes, son, the things that are there are not in everyone's control, things also have to be customized, you may not get everything exactly the same, and you may have to make a little variation in the code that is being


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make a little variation in the code that is being suggested, but you should also know what to do, the real thing is that the client does not know, I will show you one way, as I come to the code, I have not taken the autopilot service and it is a paid service, so I have a brother of autopilot which is free, so I have taken that, well you will get to know, just look at the extension, what is it saying, no access to got up copilot found you are currently logged in This is on this ID of yours, we


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logged in This is on this ID of yours, we are not getting the copilot of get up, no problem, go, I don't need you either, okay, I will create a file here, name it as esd pan dpwa, it creates a python file, okay and yes, I wrote in the comments here, I wrote in the comment that brother, I just want to write some random code for email, okay, let's go and read the namaz, okay, let me tell you again how to run it, I have created a folder for phalas, you tell me, write CMD here, you must have


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you tell me, write CMD here, you must have installed the code, code dot to dot, the code will be installed, the code will run, the second way is this, you should not do it like this, it will come to you here, you can click on it and run it, below we have some tools, live share, these are the three buttons, when we click on it here, a panel will open below us, okay, this panel is the command line panel, I will click on it, this side The panel will close, it will open. This is the welcome file, I


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close, it will open. This is the welcome file, I have deleted it. I have come here in the terminal. Okay, and we are in the flas folder, what is flas?It is a framework. Now you have studied the basics of Python. So now we can go to any domain through Python. Where can we go to work with Python? You can do web development with Python. Yes, you can do web development. And you can also do mobile application development. You can also do data science. You can also do AI ML. Machine learning. Now you


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You can also do AI ML. Machine learning. Now you can go to any domain. You can also go to DevOps. Python is used there too. So you can choose a variety of things. You can perform data analytics. So the work that you do best has its worth. You should be an expert. So in web development, we don't do front end. In this, we do back end development. So, for front end, that is what is required. So, you will have to study it yourself. Now I will also give you a task. Python has its own framework for


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give you a task. Python has its own framework for mobile application development. Python has many frameworks for back end. There is no Flask or Jungo. Okay, there are many Python frameworks. If you write Python framework, you will find these frameworks. All of these have become old. Fast API, the latest Cherry Pie Zoo, Python, Turbo Gear, Flask, Jungo, Web to Pie Grok, and I don't know what else. If you see the list, you will find many frameworks. The question is what is a framework? Yes, a


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The question is what is a framework? Yes, a framework is that a framework is a kind of environment and while living in it, you can easily develop a particular thing. Okay, but when you are using a framework, you have to do all the things as the framework tells you. Okay, the framework told you that this variable will be created, so you have to create a variable of the same name. You cannot go back and forth. The framework said that a folder of this name will be created. So you will have to make


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name will be created. So you will have to make that same folder. But our work is done by the framework itself. You only have to write the business logic. What will be the folder structure? What will be the structure of the project? You will see that your There are hundreds of files which the framework has createdThe same has been created, you just work on your one main file, okay, so a lot of this work if we do this work without framework, then perhaps the work that we do in two hours will be


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perhaps the work that we do in two hours will be done in 20 days, it will go that far, okay, that's why frameworks come into existence so that our work can be done fast, so we have a framework Flask, Jango is one of the two web frameworks that is latest used, it is a fast API framework, through this API is created, which is a good framework for API right now, well you will have to install Flask in the system, okay, for that, what will you just write here, pip install flask, what will you write


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here, pip install flask, what will you write pip install flask, this terminal is here, three dots are visible below, cross this, no problem, click on it, if you don't want to do it from here, then these three dots are visible above, come here, open the terminal by doing new terminal, right then what will I write, pip install flask, what is pip brother p pythonanywhere.com, so we told Pip to install Flask, when I started installing this, it said You already have it, okay, if you do it, then your


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already have it, okay, if you do it, then your installation will start, the internet should be connected because the installation will start from there, it is clear, now what do you have to do, now how many people know what is front end, what is back end, what is API, yes tell me, don't tell anything to the rest of the people, they have only heard the names about front end and back end, okay, I am not asking that why don't I scold you, if you know then why do you come here, I am asking so that


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then why do you come here, I am asking so that I can know from which level, yes yes what is this front and back end API, look, any of our applications, web application, especially when I talk about a web application, what is a web application and this is also a question, yes, the application that runs on the browser, the application that runs on the browser, what is a web application and the one that runs on the mobile is a mobile application and the one that runs on the desktop is a desktop


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and the one that runs on the desktop is a desktop application, okay, so the application that runs on the browser, we have a web application like weAll the applications that we are using, we are running draas, what are all these web applications, okay, what are all these web applications, there are so many web applications, the back end of these is also of Python, multiple back ends of php are also running, but Python is very strong, I don't know on what it is made, now this which I can see in


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on what it is made, now this which I can see in front, let me understand, the colors that I can see, these buttons are being made, these cards are being made, the search is being seen, this snap is being applied, these check boxes are being applied, these are all called front end, okay, what is all this, front end means how will the design be, what will this thing be called, it is called front end, okay and now look here, this went into search, I said friend I want a pen tablet, when I put pen


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I said friend I want a pen tablet, when I put pen tablet in search here and I searched and I got the results, okay, the results came, so from where did these results come, all this data was present somewhere, I put pen tablet in pen tablet and in search, that means understand that I called a function Gave it an argument, the pen tablet went to the back end, whatever functions were there, he went to that function and ran that function and displayed all the information of the pen tablets from the


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all the information of the pen tablets from the database here, who did this, where would this logic be written, it would be written in the back end, what is the work of the front end, the details that have come, how will they be displayed, whether it will be small or big, whether it will be in a square or a rectangle, how will this be the work of the front end, but what information will come, from where will it come, whose work is this, it is back end work, okay, you are understanding, so now


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end work, okay, you are understanding, so now the communication that is happening between the front end and the back end is called API, what is this called, I am sending a request from here to search to get the data of the pen tablet, so who takes the request and goes to the back, API comes from there against the request, so who brings the response, API, okay, so these are three things, front end, AI and data base, it becomes clear, there is no need to think much, what is this, keep Simple


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no need to think much, what is this, keep Simple thing, slowly you will start understanding it yourself, there is no need to be too over itHow is this happening, how is that happening, just remember these three-four things, so basically we don't do front end development in Python, so the front end development types are HTMLS, Java, Scape, Renex, Angular, what is there in all these, the whole front end is designed, okay and for the back end, write in Python, write in Java, write in P, write in


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in Python, write in Java, write in P, write in Node, write in Ruby, write in Rela, you can write the back end in any language you want, but the browser in which the design runs and it runs in CSS and JavaScript, if you are making a desktop application on the browser, then that is not an issue, but we are talking about the web, yes, it is exactly like the food we get in hotels, why is it cooked at home, okay, so think about customization, when you get the template, does that template have all


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you get the template, does that template have all the requirements that you want, you always get it, what do you have to do a little bit to the template, you have to make changes, we use Bootcamp, we use it, it goes back All this happens if you create an application in WordPress and it will be ready in 10 minutes. Then what is the need to do it in React and then to do it in Angular. When we want to create a customized application, and if we want to create a more secure application, then we have


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to create a more secure application, then we have to use React or Angular, any framework. So what will we write in Python? We will write the back end and our front end will be in HTML CSS only. So you should know a little bit of HTML and CSS and you will learn it yourself. HTML is much easier than CSS, it is very simple and you will also learn a little bit of JavaScript. Python, my friend, is also not such an issue. There are different frameworks for desktop applications. Okay, yes the code


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for desktop applications. Okay, yes the code will be of Python only. Java JavaScript and HTML CSS, you can do it yourself. Our work will go on even without it. I will guide you a little bit about the back end, but you should know it in detail. Even if you do not want to do front end development, but you need to know HTML, HTML and JavaScript. There is no issue even if you don't use CSS, what does CSS meanIt will be of what colour and how will it be, I mean its finishing, what is the work of


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it be, I mean its finishing, what is the work of CSS, if you are doing full stack development or you are doing full stack development in Python, then the back end will be in Python, the front end will be in Java, back end also comes and this discussion will keep coming, I am creating a file here, I will name this file A dot python convention head python, it is your choice, you can keep main d python, application d python, whatever name you like, open it, okay, now this Python file is created, I


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open it, okay, now this Python file is created, I can write Python code inside it, okay, now what am I writing, from from fals import fals, now see, the code is coming on its own, due to which it is coming, see, this code is coming on its own, due to which it is coming, yes no, it is coming because of autopilot, okay, it is coming because of what, if anything coming from autopilot is not needed, we will remove it. You are not doing the course and elements, okay, yes, I will tell you, I will


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and elements, okay, yes, I will tell you, I will leave the hasp, tell me everything, no tension right now, no, nothing, just now what have I written, look what did I write, what did I do, just now the module of flask, we had read about the module, there are functions inside the module, there are classes too, there is a bus module, there are many classes, which class did I take out from that module, I created an object of flask, doing the same, while creating an object, we sent some parameters


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while creating an object, we sent some parameters to a parameter builder by under score name, under score name, send it like this, you understand and what is the name of the object, what is the name of the object, now I said this application is ready, okay and I said what should I do, run this application, where do I run it, run it on 5000, okay, run it on 5000, okay now I will tell you, first I will run it, okay, first I will run it, what did I do here, how did I run it, I have to run this


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I do here, how did I run it, I have to run this file, so what should I do, add python and in other ways also I can run it, go to the settings of flask and write it as flask run, then I ran flask f ch, see it is saying, it is saying that the application you have run is running on which URL 17.0.1 and poIts rt is 5000, okay, your application is running, you go above it and click, your application will be visible here because I have not written anything in the application, that is why I am not


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anything in the application, that is why I am not able to see my application right now, but the server is running, it is coming up slowly, yes, now what has happened is now see, the web application runs on the browser, so if I am making an application, we write website on the browser, it happens like this, right? So if I make a website and I make it, will it come up at your home when you write the name of the website on the browser, why yes, because where is that application right now, it is in


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where is that application right now, it is in your own machine, it is in your own machine, so how will it reach you all, how will it reach you all, or the website that we are writing, I am searching in a website here, okay, I said brother this is it, I clicked the link, the website of get up came up, why is it coming, I am searching get up or I am writing fb and it has come to me. Why did it come because this Facebook website has been made, what have they done with it, have they hosted it, what


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have they done with it, have they hosted it, what do they host it, have they published it, have they published it, okay, the meaning of publish is this, I am explaining in simple words that you have become a new journalist for example and you have written a very great column, what did you write, you wrote the column and when a journalist writes a column, the world reads his column, it happens like this, you write that column and keep it in your bag and now you are assuming that the whole world


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bag and now you are assuming that the whole world will read that column, no brother no, what will happen in the column first, what will happen in the newspaper, similarly the website that you have made is very lovely, very good, but how will it reach the world, when you will publish it, what do we need to publish it, it has to be hosted, where do we have to host it, what do we do by going to the World Wide Web, we get it hosted, we have to pay for it, then when it is hosted, then now Any person


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it, then when it is hosted, then now Any person in the world can search that website and open it for himself.Rani says, now the issue is that hosting is required. Now when I am working and I am making a website, how will the code that I have written and designed be visible on the browser? Will I have to get hosting first? Yes, I will have to get hosting. But what has the machine done? The machine has done this. It has made a resource of your system a host. But that will be only for your system.


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a host. But that will be only for your system. We call it local host. This thing that is inside every machine is defined. Is this HTTP? This is an IP address. When you get hosting done, what do you get? You get an IP address. You say that this is my website, my code. I have deployed it on your server. I have hosted it. What do you get? You have got an IP address. You will get it like this. 19 Now I tell you all that running my website will be done by so and so. Someone will go but who will


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done by so and so. Someone will go but who will remember it. So what do we have to do? We have to paste a name on that IP address so that people can remember it by the name. Okay, like For example, how many people have seen Habib Bank Plaza, the address is B Baya Cha Road, is the address of your house? You know, how do I identify Habib Bank Plaza, it is a very beautiful building, but what name have I given it? Now whenever I say Habib Bank Plaza, what does it mean? It will be the same building,


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what does it mean? It will be the same building, right? Similarly, whatever we host, we will get an IP address against that, we will buy a domain, will we buy a domain? Okay, has anyone ever bought a domain? Hey friend, why do we go here and say, don't say go, daddy or go, you get cheated. It gives you a domain, like for example, I want to buy a domain for my personal website, so son, everything is free, only what is free, you get cheated. Okay, dot com is the most expensive domain, if you want


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dot com is the most expensive domain, if you want to buy a domain, buy dot net, buy 5, dot net, this is a domain of Rs 5, okay, so after adding the tax, you will not get any tax. This will take some timeWajid marzi, so which is the most expensive domain name that is in use these days, da and co, today is the era of AI, if I search dat ae, I will get it in lakhs, just look at it, oh my god 15 352 and this is also not always for lifetime, they will buy it for a year or two years, the first year


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buy it for a year or two years, the first year they are giving it to you for less, next year they will break your back, why because now it will become your compulsion, the world knows about your website, next time they will say son give me 15000 and a lakh, now you are helpless because now I can make a little change, so in this way what we have now is like if I want to buy a domain here, I have to buy both the things, hosting and domain, both can be bought from the same, can we buy them


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both can be bought from the same, can we buy them separately also, now why are we reading this, right, I was explaining you one thing, no, absolutely correct question, I was explaining you one thing that the website that I am going to make now, when I am in development mood, do I still have to purchase domain, hosting, domain and display the work done by me myself To check whether I am doing it right or wrong, otherwise I said that your machine host should be like this, hosting server, after


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host should be like this, hosting server, after that click on the next button and then I told you to tell me what [Music] that also runs in the browser, it should be local, when I run Jupyter notebook, my home page also runs on it, yes, now what happened, I have not written anything yet, when we open a website, like I just said here, what is that brother Gad Co or Gad Co, then what will be behind this Gup Co, there will be some IP address and what would they have done, then they must have


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what would they have done, then they must have bought a domain whose name is gup.com and pasted that IP address on it, now whenever they search by the name of gup.com, then that IP address on which that application is kept on the server will run, it is clear, okay, now when I have written Gup Co, a page has come in front of me, okay, we give a name to this page, let's say this is a landing page, is it a landing page or when someone searches my site, then the first The thing that he will see is


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then the first The thing that he will see is which page is the landing page, okay we also call it the home page.Okay, we can also call it the index page, but the real word is the landing page, landing page, now I want to add my landing page, when someone comes to my site, okay, this is here, this is here, this is coming, I should write here in front of the co, like this, okay, it went ahead by slashing, then it went ahead by slashing, what do we call this, we call it complete, this is called


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we call this, we call it complete, this is called the URL, okay and what do we call this, we call it route, what is route route gd com gd co, if I go to the next route, where should I move, I came to the next route, we have to create these routes, what are routes, we have to create and when only the name of the website is written, then it is called MT route, it is for the landing page, what is MT route for, now I started working on this, see what does a dot route do and what did I put in the


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does a dot route do and what did I put in the route, MT route, okay, I created a function here, hello world, write the code yourself, okay, hello word, okay, hello word is done. Now what do I do, look here, what did I do, my server is running, I ran this server and I came here on the browser, now understand that whatever work I have done, my machine has hosted it itself, okay, what am I writing on it, 7.1.5, okay, what is this, I have told my local host and port, 5000, this is a running server,


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host and port, 5000, this is a running server, its display should come here, okay, it is coming, it went ahead, it is visible now, so what is written on my website right now, hello, okay, I did not write anything further, okay, so it means this is MT route and this is my landing page, it means MT route, okay, that there is nothing written further, if what do I do, if I write [music] here, add route and I say slash this here and say here brother, okay, now I have added one more in route, now


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okay, now I have added one more in route, now what does slash mean in front of the landing page, now while running, the name of the hello function here became the same, I also named the function this, the server started running, I went back to the browser and I saw what will come on the landing page, this is what will come and if I write what in the next route, what will come, our different pages which are made, we can also create links on theseYou can do it, okay we will do it in detail, right


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can do it, okay we will do it in detail, right now I am just talking to you to give you an idea of ​​what I am doing, are you understanding the point, so in this way we will keep creating different routes, hey brother it's time, you guys are sitting, both of them do the same work, Flask is a light framework and Django is a heavy and big framework, Flask


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Yes, okay, it is a good thing, there are less people in it but now there will be a lot of work to do and try to bring laptops, okay because in the next class when you will get an assignment, there will be an assignment, whoever is not doing the assignment once or twice, we will do it with him, sorry, okay, I understand because if you have to work, then you have to do it properly, not for the sake of passing time and for the sake of performance, that yes, I keep coming and going and the course is


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yes, I keep coming and going and the course is over and nothing has been achieved, okay, because I am lucky that you people are 40 from the first day, otherwise there is a class of 100 and after a lot of time, only 40 are left, okay, now see where the 40 people reach, well, the reason is not this or it may be I am thinking that you people will tell the truth, I feel that the reason is not that they are not able to understand, the reason is that they are not giving time, not studying because I


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they are not giving time, not studying because I have opened myself up to 25 years that if you are not able to understand something, you can ask in the group, ask in the class. If you want to study it again, you want to repeat it in the next class, then ask to teach it three times in the class, read the same thing three times, there is no issue, okay, walek salaam, so now the scene is this, even after that if issues are coming up and you are not studying, then you should not study or do


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are not studying, then you should not study or do something else, why waste time, do you feel or anyone else feels that there is something more important than this to which you are giving time, then that is right and if you feel that this is for us then we should be loyal to it, otherwise the decision is still up to you, if you want that no, we have just come like this, we will study as a hobby, if we understand it then we will study, if we don't understand it then we will not study, so till


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understand it then we will not study, so till now you should take the decision that whether we have to go or stay, so yes, I will do it too, so how many such people are there who feel that they will not be able to go, yes my question is very simple, is there any such person among you sitting right now who after three classes is feeling that brother it is not in my control, okay I am asking this so that I can diagnose him and help him. If you tell me the disease then the treatment will be done,


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me the disease then the treatment will be done, right? If you keep sitting and don't tell me anythingAnd I often say in my classes that brother this class that is happening is not the Friday sermon of Imam sahab, you just have to say Subhan Allah, you cannot ask anything, right? So this is a two-way class, if you have any issue, you are not able to understand something, you can raise an issue in the middle, you can discuss it later, you can discuss it first, you can discuss it in the group, you


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it first, you can discuss it in the group, you can call me on my number that I am facing these issues, you are sitting with that illness, after three, four, five classes you say that now I am enough, when you do not tell me that you will not do it, okay, so we are open, we are here only as students and teachers, not as trainers, we can mentor each other, we can solve each other's problems, whatever I can do, I am present for you, if you are understanding the point, then you have to remain feel


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the point, then you have to remain feel free and first of all decide in your mind that I have to do it, if any other thought is still in your mind Is there any question that if I don't do this then I will do that, so when this is the second choice then both are not there, when you have two choices then both are not there, so if one thinks that I have to do this then do it and I am telling literally there is no such rocket science, just with consistency, one and half hours daily, you have to


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one and half hours daily, you have to study for two hours, the class is being held for two days, apart from that you should keep studying for two hours daily, if two hours seem too much then do one hour in the beginning, you have to study for one hour daily, there are classes for two days, five days in a week and there are five hours weekly, you put in five hours together, not that you enjoyed the whole week, one day before class, let's study today and keep studying all night, it does not get


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and keep studying all night, it does not get absorbed, you read for one hour daily, as much as our lecture is, repeat that only, next time make a copy of that and make the second example, make the third example, then do it the next time, then go to this, read the same thing from some tutorial, I have shared the book with you, you can go and repeat that from the book Let's cover the topic, it's good enough, good enough, one hour is over, okay, so today our class is class number four, so somebody


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today our class is class number four, so somebody raised his hand in the back for some reason, whom II am feeling that it is beyond my control yes the zoom in is correct now yes well in the last class we started reading the lesson and by chance I missed sharing the file with you but after watching the video you must have revised it again so if you write the code then you must have written some new app yourself thinking that if this condition does not happen then this should happen if this does


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not happen then this should happen if this does not happen then this should happen yes if it is not as per my choice then it should happen as per mother's choice something like this I have written something like this I have not written anything apart from this tell me any example which apart from these what would you have written in discount what would you have done in discount I was taking the idea from myself just that brother if someone makes a purchase then what do we have, the purchase


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a purchase then what do we have, the purchase amount is a variable I took the input has everyone learnt to do this much work or is it still difficult okay anyone look just now you were saying that I am not able to do the work did some practice then that so I said that you should think of the criteria yourself okay brother you are leaving the house right this is a lot It is a simple criteria, isn't it brother, the sun is very hot, the temperature is very high, one should go out with an umbrella,


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is very high, one should go out with an umbrella, otherwise you have input the temperature, if the temperature is more than this then write a message, take the umbrella, if not, then it is not like this, if you are feeling thirsty then drink water, if you are not feeling thirsty then go what is the problem in that, it is a matter of deciding between two choices and we can implement it, now for example, if it is about discount, now let me say enter the purchase amount of someone, for how much


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the purchase amount of someone, for how much has he purchased, if it is the same thing, if the purchase amount that he has made, the amount of the purchase is greater than equal to for apple 10,000, okay, then what should you give, brother, print it, or how much discount on 10, okay, otherwise if it is less than 10,000, then what will we give, if you give it on 5, then every person will get a discount, less than this, so it can be any amount, one for 10 and one for y, this purchase amount we


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one for 10 and one for y, this purchase amount we have come If he did shopping then a discount of Rs. 10 was given, which condition was fulfilled, if this condition fails or he did the shopping then which block will work, but the other block will work, as much work was there right now, I said we can do a lot, we will do a lot, but the problem is that there are such friends with us who are reading for the first time.If we go out of the market then it will become difficult for them. Let's move


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it will become difficult for them. Let's move forward today. Let's keep moving forward. Now let's move this purchase amount a little forward. For example, what do I do here? I take the price of different items. Okay, cost of. We said we purchased something. So let's take the input. What will be the input? Now enter the price. We typecast it. Everyone knows why we are typecasting it. Why are we doing it because the input that we take is in what form? It is in string form. Okay, shoes cost. We


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form? It is in string form. Okay, shoes cost. We have purchased shoes and what have we purchased. We have purchased any five items. We have purchased glasses. We have purchased a shirt. We have purchased a watch and we have purchased a cap. Okay, let's format it now. Now what do we have to do? Now we have to find out the total. Think very simply. Don't think like a pro. Think exactly. The price of each item has come. Now what do I have to do? I have to find out the total price. So how can I


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I have to find out the total price. So how can I find the total price? The cost of pope will come plus cost of glasses plus cost of shirt plus cost of shoes plus cost of shoes, shoes, caps, shoes, shoes, all these will be added so I will put them in the total variable. I have the total price right now, what do we say now if we say ok, now I complete the work, it will be done easily, I don't have to just tell the discount that you got this much percent discount, rather I have to tell him the


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percent discount, rather I have to tell him the amount total and also tell him that you got this much discount, so you made this much money, so for that I will also need a variable of discount, right? First of all, when we start writing a program, it comes to our mind that which values ​​do I need, which variables do I need, so we created the variable of cost, created the value of total, so because we will calculate the discount, we have to store the discount, so I created a variable of


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to store the discount, so I created a variable of discount as well. Now how much is the discount in the beginning, zero, I am working with a little length approach. What will we do with this later? We will make the code smaller. Now what am I saying, if the total becomes greater than 15,000If it becomes 15000 then what to do, we don't have to print, we have to calculate the discount, so how much will the discount be, first we decide ourselves, 15 for 15 for each Hajj, there are many such ways,


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for 15 for each Hajj, there are many such ways, so now how do I calculate the discount, brother, if the total of the total amount is more than 15000, then on 15, the maximum is 15, so how to calculate it on 15, the simplest work is to multiply the total by 15 by 100, then it will be made on 15, if 0.1 is on 10, then it will be on 30, and if it is less than 10, then it will become 05 or 50, are you understanding the expression or tell me again, look, I have just said it, so you sit quietly, you


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I have just said it, so you sit quietly, you don't say anything, are you understanding what is happening, see, when we have the formula to calculate the percentage, we get the school marks, then we calculate the percentage of those, first of all what do we write in life brother, obtained marks Obtain marks and divided by total marks multiplied by this is a simple formula. Now what do I have, total slips? If I have to calculate any percentage of any amount, what do I do? For example, if I say


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any amount, what do I do? For example, if I say that I have to calculate 45000 at 10, then tell me quickly 45. Okay, I say that I have to calculate 45000 at 19. What should I do quickly? What simple thing do I do? This is the formula 19 and divided by 100. Okay, 19 times 100. Now this 19 times 100, if I calculate it, then it comes out to be 199. So, when I see the figure 19 in front of me, what will I write to it? 9, how much figure will I get here? 25, so what will I write here? 25, so it will


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25, so what will I write here? 25, so it will give the same amount, even if I write it like this, it will give the same amount, so I will directly write 25 here. But if 12 div 100 then how much will it be 122 and if it comes here that brother 8 on 8 di 10 now it is less than 10, then 08 if I write P8 then how much will it be, it will be 80 on 08, I am doing this, I understood the thing directly there, so I wrote it directly here, now where will we save this discount that will come, in the


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will we save this discount that will come, in the discount variable which is created above, well even if I do not create this variable above, it will work but there is one place where we will get stuck, I will tell you what happened now if 1500If it is not more than 0 then what will happen else if i.e. l ​​if i.e. I am understanding this thing, what should I write then check the second condition total if the total is greater than equal to how much is it more than 10000 then I will write this


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much is it more than 10000 then I will write this expression or I will write simply this expression just what will come on y then pvt ji then discount will be applied y if this also does not happen then what will be the discount total multiply by condition is not written then the condition will always come after f if the total is more than 5000 then what will be the discount we have y and this also does not happen total greater equal to total 5000 if sorry how many 5000 have become now if it is


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if sorry how many 5000 have become now if it is more than Hajj then how much discount should be given 1 but ok make it zero okay and if this is nothing if it is less than Hajj someone has done shopping okay if I message him or see tell me the thing if I message him you are not eligible and discount okay now in the end what should I do I will print it finally, I have taught you how to print in multi-line lines, triple code has come here, what did I write here, brother, first I said thank you for


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I write here, brother, first I said thank you for shopping, this is how the slip is done, thank you for shopping, okay and what will I say here, total, okay, one thing we have not read yet, is we to format it in string, I am implementing it now, after this I will tell you, here I would put a small thing and here in curly bracket I would write the variable of total, the total amount became this much, now I will tell you this step and what is needed here, how much discount did you get, discount


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here, how much discount did you get, discount amount, I have told the variable of discount and what is the payable amount, total minus discount, okay, total minus discount, now I will run it, now this phase is here, I will explain what is the price, we said shoes, we bought glasses for Rs. 00, how many shirts did we buy for Rs. 000, how much did we buy watch for Rs. 000, how much did we buy cap for Rs. 000, okay, I pressed enter, how much total was made, is its amount more than Rs. 00 If it is


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was made, is its amount more than Rs. 00 If it is more than 10000 then how much amount is to be invested on that 10, i.e. 10200 p 1020 and what is the payable amount 9. Okay, now leaving this aside, you can look at the if else, look at how it went, then we will talk about itAnd let's discuss ok now what am I doing to this now why am I doing this what happens in doing this it's all straight it went when everything is fine now I will try to put some amount which creates some problem in it right


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amount which creates some problem in it right what did I do ran this what is the price of the shoe what is the price of the glass how much did we buy when Pakistan got independence talking about the price of shirt how much did we buy the shirt for how much did we buy the watch and how much did we buy the cap were you in that era you are telling this much price ok now I did this after doing this the coat got torn zoom so first we will zoom so what is the value error came ekly what is the first


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is the value error came ekly what is the first problem what is the first problem is this is called cross check checking everything in a crooked way it's okay it's looking right from the front let me see from here also so that I can see from here now what is the first problem that came when the cost of cap is being made there was cost of cap we put it so we typecasted it from integer and while what is the value there now when he typecasted it If I remove the quotations then the poor guy was


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If I remove the quotations then the poor guy was wondering what would come out from inside, what would come out from inside the integer lane, a flood would come out, I will explain this thing separately here, like I have these quotes, I have written 12.3, if I typecast it as integer, what would come out from inside, that is, its quotations get removed, right, then I said ok 12.5 which is in the string, typecast it, like when I went to typecast it, first of all he removed the quotations, so what


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first of all he removed the quotations, so what is he saying, brother it is not able to convert integer base 10 to integer, so this means if I typecast it with, then typecast it with, the result will become 12.5 now this flock will become, now take out the float, the floats can come anywhere, yaar, so it means wherever I am typing with integer, there can be a problem anywhere, so it means what is the best option that I should always typecast with, I should not do it with flutter because the


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with, I should not do it with flutter because the user has If I enter a value in decimal then the application will crash. Ok, everyone has understood the point, so here I am going to first solve the issue that what am I putting in sub instead of int hereI am flooding, okay now I have flooded, let's go again, come on brother tell me the price of the era of 47, one rupee is ₹ right, now when I press enter it, it came up, you are not eligible for discount, and the discount price is written as


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discount, and the discount price is written as zero, it went perfectly, now see, understand a little bit, if I do not create this variable for discount, if I do not create this variable for discount, just look, then what would happen, it would check the discount, and here it would say you are not eligible for discount, okay, now tell me, did this discount line get executed, did no value come in the discount, when it did not come, then what would it do here, it would come here and go to find the


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it do here, it would come here and go to find the value of the discount, it would say brother, there is no such thing as discount, so to avoid this, I made the discount separately zero, if in these cases no criteria matches and the discount does not apply, then at least the discount will get zero, now running it without the value of discount, I put a comment on it, okay, I will run it, like I did five. You are not eligible, I did not execute it again why is the value coming now why is the value


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why is the value coming now why is the value coming now because when I executed the sale once, discount was created in the memory, it is getting the same value from there again and again, now how do I delete it from the memory, to delete it I do a simple thing, you guys should also learn, I added a sale here, did a delete anywhere, I will write del del discount, now see, the value in discount will come zero because now since I have put a comment, but first I have executed, first the value has


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but first I have executed, first the value has gone, what do I do, I delete it from the memory, I write this, del discount, this is done, now I come back to the line below and say what discount do you have, what will it say, see it is not coming even in this, it is not coming even after pressing the tab, let me type discount, I don't know what discount is, what did I do to it, cleared it from the memory, now I go again and run my sale, now I don't have anything called discountBut the price is


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have anything called discountBut the price is not present, the eligible for discount is there and I went ahead and told where did I get the discount, I understood, some things got too much in it, but pay attention a little, let's discuss again, those who are not able to understand, they should go one by one, read each line by themselves here in front of them and wherever you feel that you are not able to understand what I am saying, what is happening, ask there, take a moment when I feel like


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ask there, take a moment when I feel like reading this, you will understand it and understand the process and on any question, no number is there, all the two can happen with each other, if the string is like this, if the number is formed and it happens, we can multiple it, where the thing is true yes, the condition is not there, well, here it is just okay, two charts, so there I will show you, see, this flow chart is visible, see this one, the lam design works, so plug in the lam, if it is


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lam design works, so plug in the lam, if it is coming no, then plug in first, if it is coming yes, then either the bulb is damaged, if the bulb is damaged, then the bulb Replace it, if this is also not there then what is it, to repair the loop, whatever happens, move in that direction, this seems like a difficult example, so let us see it in a simpler way, see, this one is quite simple, the program starts, takes input number one and puts a value in c, now what are you saying, if c is smaller


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in c, now what are you saying, if c is smaller than or equal to f, if it is not there, then stop the program, and if it is there, then print a, and what should I do to c, add one, and then run the loop again, after adding the s, check c again, what is this, the loop will run, your condition will not work, when you do not enter the amount, it must be passing, so [music] and let us pay a little attention, what is the control aa in sum, we have written this control so and see, the program starts,


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this control so and see, the program starts, the value of aa is one, the output of aa is this, if aa is equal to 39, then put 61 in aa, if it is not equal, the condition goes wrong, then increase aa by one and then check if i is smaller than or greater than 100 If it is not equal then stop it, if it becomes equal then take it back and make the output IPr, so what are we just doing, we are running the flow in ifal, b marksheet will be made, I am going to make the marksheet now.It's clear to


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am going to make the marksheet now.It's clear to everyone. Yes, I just said that I teach. Look, let's first read this and then make a marksheet. We have a whole topic, what is string? Okay, string is a whole class of Python. We tell you how to create a string. We create a variable of string. A variable of the name. Or we have kept the name Asan Khan here. When I am saying this, I am also writing this thing here. Look, I am using the word entity. In Python, every entity is an object. What is an


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In Python, every entity is an object. What is an object in Python? Now what is an object? Okay, an object will now explain in detail. An object belongs to a class and belongs to a class. What is a class? What does a class contain? There are methods and properties inside a class. What is there inside a class? There are methods and properties inside a class. Okay, now a little bit of concentration is needed. This is a new thing. We will go and study object-oriented programming. But now I have


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study object-oriented programming. But now I have brought this thing so that it can be understood. Okay, when we create a variable, what is its class? Jawano print type name, what will be the class? Does it belong to string class? Will it have a class somewhere? I can also show where it is. Does it belong to string class? It means I can also say that it is an object. What is this? Is it an object of string class? Because it belongs to string class, so whose object is it? It is an object of


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class, so whose object is it? It is an object of string class. Now, because it is an object of string class, what will be there inside that class? There will be methods and properties as well. Now how do I check that? I put a dot in front of the name because the type of the name is string. So, whatever will open before the name, it will belong to what. It will belong to string. If there will be an integer value inside the name, then whatever will open, it will belong to what. It will belong to


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open, it will belong to what. It will belong to integer class. Like after putting a dot, I pressed tab. All these methods are coming. Whose methods are they? They are methods of string class. Methods of string class are methods of string class. I also said that name dot capilla ya capilla's method is iI put brackets next I said capitalize the name A he capitalized its first letter then I said name dot do one thing convert it to upper convert it to upper so he typed all of them to upper


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it to upper so he typed all of them to upper converted the name dot lower is already lower so that's why we didn't see any difference in upper so in upper so he showed it like that what did he do he made all of them lower A because this because what does this name belong to so I can see the methods of string what should I do if I assign a new value inside the name 100 now the name has become integer so now if I open its class then what will I see I will see the methods of integer okay okay you


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I will see the methods of integer okay okay you are understanding so whatever will be its type just open the things of your class and show me ok we will implement this method first let's talk about string formatting that first of all what do we do with string concatenation string we do cutting what is the easy word for concatenation Joining, join a string, what to do, join two strings, I say that brother, one is someone's name, the first name, I said, my first name is this, then what is my last


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said, my first name is this, then what is my last name, okay, my last name is this, these are two different things, okay, the first name is different and the last name is different, what do I do to these two, I join them, for joining, the operator of first name plus last name plus for connection, how is it working here, it is working as a connection, first name plus last name, simply I joined them, what did I do to both of them, I added them by doing a string connection, okay, it is a simple


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doing a string connection, okay, it is a simple thing, it could be three or four, it would join them all, now no matter how much gap I put here, it does not make any difference, you will say that there will be a gap there also, and going inside that, I am taking the value in the variable, yes, if there is a gap there, then there will be a gap, okay, if I put a gap here By putting u and u then I will see that gap again. Okay, by putting a gap between the variables it will not be of any use to


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the variables it will not be of any use to me. Now what should I do to give a space in between. Now if I have to give a space in the middle then I will use two.I can do it so I can go here and put a space before Hussain, but if the data is coming from somewhere else, then we can't go there, so we solve all the issues at our end, what do I do to solve the issue at our end, first name plus I will add a space in between it, I have written space space is also a string, plus last now these three


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space is also a string, plus last now these three things are getting collected, one first name, then space in it, then last name, three things are getting collected in it, so in this way we will have a space in between. Okay, while concatenating the question arises that what all can be attached to the string, always remember that any two things can join hands only if their class is same, will the class be same, at least if we talk about flutter string, fruit and integer, 2 p 2.3, both will be


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string, fruit and integer, 2 p 2.3, both will be basically overall their class is number, so this work will be done, okay, but now I am saying here that brother I want to add one more I am writing the variable here, A brother, what is the age of this guy? I have said that A is 20 years old. Now I say, what should you do before the last name? Put the age as well. Now tell me what is its class? What is its class? What will it do? It will burst. What is it saying? It can only cut string to string,


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is it saying? It can only cut string to string, not integer. It can do anything with string. It cannot do integer. Then how do I do it by sitting here? What should I do? Should I make A wear string clothes for a while? I have typecasted A here. What is string? Now its class is string, its class is its class and it is forcibly string. Okay, so what has happened now? Is there any difficulty in understanding this? Yes brother, I have typecasted it. I have typecasted it. You said, sir, typecast it


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I have typecasted it. You said, sir, typecast it here. If I typecast it here, then this age will become a string forever. Tomorrow, if you want to add a year to A, then you will get stuck. There will not be one d in the string. So always remember one principle that whatever is its gen type, isn't it, keep it the same for the time being, if you want to change it then do it, you have to do it again and again type of thingDo not change the genran because tomorrow if someone is writing your code


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because tomorrow if someone is writing your code then he will understand edge as default and you are sitting there after stinging it, then the genran type of the variable should be kept in the same, even if you have to type cast again and again, it doesn't matter, you will get the result somewhere or the other. So now this is done, now what should I do, now I have started printing a sentence, I want to print that brother my name is okay and I am 50 years old, this sentence, I want to print edge


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50 years old, this sentence, I want to print edge it, all the three values ​​are present here, so how will I write it, I printed it, I am taking you around from this very long square, towards a piece, I could have come directly to that chip but things should be clear, what should I write, my name is this has become a string, what do I have to add after this, I have to add the first name, okay so what should I do for space, brother, I will put a space here, put a space here, my name is, space


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a space here, put a space here, my name is, space comes, what will come after plus Brother first name then space then last name then plus then space double y I am giving a string ahead I will put space in it here space before comma then that space will be placed there if you do not put space again and again your approach will become more difficult and IM then space before IM and then what do I have to put 50 50 injer so what should I do first type cast what should I write then then cut then


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type cast what should I write then then cut then give me my old ok this is our complete sentence let's see my name is this and IM 20 ok now what did I have to do with this I had to make it capital capital what should I do for that first name dot capilla capilla last name dot capital ok it is done now it is done exactly as written above the dot is not coming after old ok let's put that as well it is completely done but we did this work there were a couple of small sentences we faced so much


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were a couple of small sentences we faced so much difficulty in it that I had to do all the hassles of it everywhere ok so concatenate sometimes concatenate is useful somewhere Sometimes it becomes difficult to adjust it, yes, if one or two small things need to be adjusted then it is very good, but if it is a matter of more variables and they need to be adjusted then it is very difficult.But we will not do it this way. Okay, then what will we do? Everyone understood this, yes, that's right. Now


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Everyone understood this, yes, that's right. Now what should I do? Now, I say here, what is the string format? What should I do to the string format? Let's format it. Okay, now this is the sentence, what do I have to bring? What am I doing? It is not necessary to print it. I can get the string form printed later. What should I write by keeping it in a variable? Brother, my name is. Now, after this, what do I want here? I want my first name. I put curly brackets here. What did I put, curly


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I put curly brackets here. What did I put, curly brackets, then my name is this. After that, I want a comma. And I am. Then what do I want on y? I put curly brackets. And what did I write next? yers. I have created a string. What did I do? I have created a string. I put curly brackets inside it. Curly brackets mean that I put a place holder. Place holder means that some value will come here later. Like, if you had come earlier, you would have taken the place of two people. You would have kept a


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the place of two people. You would have kept a book next to it. You would have sat yourself. The seat is vacant. Something is kept there. It is reserved for someone. What is it, this is reserved, so now these are reserve place holders, the values ​​will come here, so what do I do now, inside the string I have a method, which format format, I put brackets and what is the first value to come, first name, here I wrote the variable of first name, I wrote first name comma, then what is the second


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I wrote first name comma, then what is the second value to come, last name, then what is the third value, okay, there was no need to put any string space, there was no need to do any typing, okay, where you have to convert to upper, put upper, dot upper, put y on or capitalize, capitalize last name dot capital, it's done exactly like that, it opens with tab tab dot tab, it's done, the same kind of work is being done, but it's becoming a little easier with the format, here you just have to take


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with the format, here you just have to take care of the order, take care of the sequence, take care of the sequence, okay, inside this I'll tell you one more thing, additionally, he should know that the sequence here, which is the first one, the first oneWe are giving the value of i to it, then we are giving the second value, we are giving the third value, so this is the index, this is zero, this is one and this is two, if after putting the value here, I say here, first put one, then what, put


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here, I say here, first put one, then what, put zero, and then what, put u, then it will keep the same value, okay my name is Hussain Nasir, I am 20 years, so if you change the index, for a minute, then do this work, the index is also working there, if you leave it blank, then its order will work by default, it will work by default, say again, where is it coming inside the bracket, it is not coming, I did not get it printed in L, when I get it printed, then it will get printed properly, right


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printed, then it will get printed properly, right now it is showing a value, we have created a value, that is a string value, so the quotation, now I got it printed, then it will not come in print, it will not print first, just now it is a string value, like if I write here hello, then it shows, okay, if I get it printed, then it will disappear, so the type of value that was coming with its type, okay. Now the third method that we had implemented was the one with F format, so what did we do in


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was the one with F format, so what did we do in F format, it is the same thing, see, till here I took the string, it is more easy, our work is done with this, I said print my name this, this, what do I put here in the beginning before the quotation marks and I put the value of the variable that I want to put here, first name dot capital is, then after that last name dot capital is and what do we need at the end, this format method does not even need to be put thd, if our work is done directly,


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need to be put thd, if our work is done directly, then this is F method and now I will show you this, but we did it with multi string, we created a multiline string, thank you, this this, by putting a bali bracket here and by putting F, we passed those variables in the bali bracket inside which the values ​​are lying, right brother, is F correct, F gives a signal to it that the string that is going to be created next is a formatted string, Salam Walekum, put Shag and reach quickly, I am taking


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Walekum, put Shag and reach quickly, I am taking class. hmm yes just come let's do it oh oh okay as soon as this f comes it immediately gets a signal that the formatted string aheadG is coming, so don't consider the curly brackets as curly brackets, rather consider them as place holders, if I remove the 'a', then it will print everything, or the 'a' itself is telling it to format the curly brackets that are placed ahead, and because the values ​​that are coming inside are inside quotations,


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​​that are coming inside are inside quotations, don't consider them as strings, rather the values ​​will come from somewhere, because of which it is getting to know, it is getting to know because of applying 'a', yes, however many times you call the method, there will be two things, method and property, what is your name, Fahad, Fahad, there is a property, what is your weight, what do you eat and drink, yaar, 50 kg, its property is 'f you know how to sing a song, if you don't know, then what is


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to sing a song, if you don't know, then what is written in its method, if you don't know, then the work that this action performs are methods and its features are properties, okay, so whenever we call an action, we put brackets for the method, always brackets 'a', we are reading the print method, so we are applying buckets, okay, we have read the type, type the method, so we have applied buckets, we are performing this action It is doing something for us, isn't it? Hare has asked a good


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something for us, isn't it? Hare has asked a good question that brother, this method which we are writing in capital letters, so I can capitalize it here only, but is there a reason that you will need capital letters everywhere in the entire code? It is possible that there may be a reason where capital letters are not required, this can also happen, right? And then we keep the future in mind and think, right now it is in front of us, if the data is coming from somewhere else, then you will not


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is coming from somewhere else, then you will not even know, but you want to print it in capital letters, whether it comes in capital letters or not, what would you do beforehand, bring it in capital letters so that if someone does not give it in capital letters, it comes in capital letters, okay brother, I understood the format, I understood why we are using it and now I will do some exercise of the format here, a small one, I will ask the student's name, what is your name, tell me your name


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name, what is your name, tell me your name and also ask your J, J will have to be made an integer, we can also do it, tell me your judge, right? And what is your course, what is your course and what is your campus, you can take any message, I will just write it in fastI am doing this like this tell me your campus and course campus id okay what is your student id okay now what do I have to do take all these details and print any card or any thing so what do I do I made a print multiline string


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so what do I do I made a print multiline string and what did I write here okay you can change it with multiline lam, there is no need to put it okay what did I write student identity card okay now what will be the details student name okay curly bracket I put f in the beginning first after putting f what will I write in the name in curly bracket name then write the course of the student first the order should be a little different course y pass the course and then after that I write campus id


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the course and then after that I write campus id first student id student id and after that campus campus and what is at the end okay what has come on y and what do I write below in the node if someone gets it then what do I write if someone gets it then put it in the letter box okay this is done now I will take tell me your name hason no and how old are you course campus and student id okay this is done so We took the input and formatted the string using F. Now what can we do with that? You


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string using F. Now what can we do with that? You can put the name of any different student. His card or any other thing will be visible to us. So we have taken the input, right? We want that when this green output comes, our console should become free. What will happen to our console? For that, I will have to import the operating system library. The story will go in a slightly different direction. Then what will we do with our console through the operating system library? We will clear it and


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operating system library? We will clear it and after clearing it, we will take a print of what is here. So, we do not go in that direction now. We can delete it, okay. We can delete it. Yes, that is why I am saying that we will have to do a lot of additional working. There is a lot of working but we will have to understand it. Then the things will change in the direction. So far, everyone has understood the point. Any issue is fine. Now, we have many functions for the string. All of which we


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many functions for the string. All of which we implement now. We have run A false. Okay andLet's see more functions of string, what all functions can be there [Music] Like this also we have the complete string, right? I will copy this string in the same way to create a string and write text here. What all can I do on it? Let's see each function one by one. Okay, we will do it quickly. So we have seen what the first letter of the capilla will do, text dot. After that there is case fold. Case


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do, text dot. After that there is case fold. Case fold center. Let's see the count. First, it is easy. First, let's do the count. Okay, now I don't even know what the count function does. So how will I know? Inside the function, I have the same shift tab as when I opened the print function. Return the number of non-overlapping arrays of sub-strings. That means I want to ask how many times 'a' is there in this entire string. So after counting, it will tell me. 'a' is there five times. Okay, I


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it will tell me. 'a' is there five times. Okay, I want to ask inside this string that brother, not just one letter, I can also combine letters. Brother, how many times 'm' is there in this 'a' together. Now it will find 'm' together. So this is two 'a', one has come here in the name. One has come here, m is ok, so I can also find any letter, I can also find any group of words, but they should be combined, ma and got how many times it has come above, a, ha ha, s, don't write it again, or one,


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above, a, ha ha, s, don't write it again, or one, two, three, four, this is capital, right? We have taken the small one, case case type, case change, one at a time, okay, we cannot do this, ask a also and ask this brother also how many y, write by putting a comma, d no, it is not like that, it will take one value at a time, now even if that value is large, it is a combine word, but only one argument will go, okay, but text is small methods, but it is very useful, end with and vi means the end


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it is very useful, end with and vi means the end of the sentence or the end of the string is happening on a particular word letter, like our end with is happening with d d p, a no, false end, so our dot is happening, if I write y d dot, then it will say when there is end with, then start with will be starts with, does this string start with m, not with m, it is starting with capital A, it is starting with capital A, okay, like this And let's see tax with ok let's convert it to lower case let's


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tax with ok let's convert it to lower case let's see the strip function what is the str function I will create a new oneYes, I have written it here to teach, brother, just now we had created a campus, inside it this value is coming what's wrong with it, what is placed at the end, an unnecessary space is placed, if I get it printed then I won't even know, I won't even know, but because of this space a big problem will arise for us, what kind of problem, if I write campus, is the campus of this


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problem, if I write campus, is the campus of this student equal to the head office, is it the campus office, what will it say, why should it be di, but there is an additional space there, it is not getting compared, it is not getting equal, that's why whenever we, because the user is filling the data, put a space in the beginning as well, my habit has become so bad that as soon as I type, my thumb falls on the space first, that's why a space is placed there as well, so what do we do, we do


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is placed there as well, so what do we do, we do this, campus dot, we have a method, L strip, campus, which is a string, that's why methods of string are coming, L space means if there is any additional space on the left side, then what will it do, it will eliminate it, it was not there on the left side, which one is the other one, R Now it has finished the strip and which one is it, it is just a strip, it says it will be anywhere I will finish it, anywhere left or right, anywhere left or


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it, anywhere left or right, anywhere left or right, I will finish it, I am writing an important thing in big letters, what did I write here, I mean what have we been doing all this time, the string is like this campus string, when I stripped it, then there was a change in it, no, there is no change in it, the change is not coming in the memory, the original string is not changing because what is a table, it is not changeable, if I define B, write B in place of Bo [music], then it will create a


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B in place of Bo [music], then it will create a new string and give it to you, not the original, if I check the campus again, the original is lying as it is, then what is this, it makes a modified copy of it, makes a modified copy and returns it to you, okay, it makes a modified copy and returns it to you, if you like it then it's fine, otherwise leave it, yes, if I put this copy in the campus again, then this matter will be solved, this is a new copy, a new copy of the old copyWhat did you do


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copy, a new copy of the old copyWhat did you do instead, it overrode the place of the old one, it will be again put in the memory, then the change will happen, okay, so this method has thrown us an output, what does it mean that this change did not happen in the original, yes, if I run the method and there is no output in response, I am telling you a sign and no output is coming in response to that, then it means that that thing has been applied in the original in the memory, it will come to us


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in the original in the memory, it will come to us again and again, I will keep repeating, then you will remember what is the string, it is a mote ball, okay, and what all methods do we have, okay now I have some methods because we have run out of time, I am telling you their names, you have to check them, you have seen the format, like is it alpha numeric, if you want to check a string whether it is alpha numeric or alpha or decimal or digit, like here I just said that 23 is a string, it is a


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here I just said that 23 is a string, it is a string, isn't it, but does it have a digit string, yes this is a digit string, there is a digit inside it, there are digits in it Now this is a digit inside, no, now this is not a digit, now this is alpha numeric. I alphanumeric, yes, this is alpha numeric. Is this alpha numeric? Yes, the string is alphanumeric. So there are many such functions with this. You have to explore. Is this in lower case? Is this numeric? Is this a digit? Is this a


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case? Is this numeric? Is this a digit? Is this a decimal? Is this an s character? Is this a space? Is this in title case? Is this in upper case? Is this in lower case? So all these things are very useful in all logics. When we are writing code, they are very useful in the implementation where we have to make them. So, explore them as much as you can. Do it yourself. Otherwise, we will do them in the class anyway. Today, you will start getting exercises and assignments. And before coming to the


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and assignments. And before coming to the next class, every person must do them. No, there is no excuse, there is no reason that this had happened, that had happened. We don't have to do it. It's okay. Any question, yes.


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Yes, we loaded the library. What did we do to load the data? We picked up the data from the link. And the third column that we have is of date. To pass the date in date format, we used the parse parameter. Order leads. Now, we have this date and it is coming in date time because we have passed the index of that column on this. Pass the sales team column. In that, four columns are coming - sales name, ID, company name, company ID. And there are 4619 people records here. And the unique salesmen


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4619 people records here. And the unique salesmen are 4. The order lead column and the team column from team lead, see. Now, what do we have to do with these two data sets is to combine them to make one. One is the data of the sales team and the other is the data of orders. What do we have to do with the data of both? We have to merge them. Now, what do I do here to merge? Sales team dot head. I have these two [Music] in front. Order ID, company ID, company name, date and value converted. I


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ID, company name, date and value converted. I have to merge both the data sets. What do I do? I have to merge. So if I run a merge like that, it will automatically do it on any overlapping column, it will do the merging, remember, it will go and find each value, so what do I do now, should I merge the order lead within the sales team or merge within the order lead, the team should be within the order lead, the salesman's name should come before every order lead, right? So in the order lead we


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every order lead, right? So in the order lead we have the order ID, the company ID and the company name, and here which column is overlapping, the company ID and the company name, so what do we do on any one of the columns, we overlap it, okay, so what will happen with this, the company ID, now if we had the salesman ID along with the order ID and the company ID here, then we could have easily entered the salesman wise data, but okay, what do we do on the basis of the company ID or the company


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do on the basis of the company ID or the company name, let's run the merging, you understand correctly, how many records will be created after the merge, here we have how many records in the order lead, there are one lakh records and in the sales team there are 4,600 records, right [Music] 619 So if I do what I do, merge whom with order lead, merge sales team, then how many records in total in new data frameNow why brother I am not connecting I am merging this is what I have taught you to put


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am merging this is what I have taught you to put the net below yes yes I will go to find the company ID on the order lead he will pick up a company ID and in the sales team in the sales in the sales, wherever that company ID is coming, he will keep putting the record in front of it, then the second company comes, then the third company ID will be picked up, then the fourth company ID will be picked up like this, then will all the company IDs be found, why won't he get it in the sales scheme,


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found, why won't he get it in the sales scheme, the company in which the salesman works will have a company ID, all the products are being made from that company, what are you saying, you did not understand, look at it, I am saying here, let's do a simple work, I have a salesman, he works in the company, okay right and the second record I have is the company ID, the company is okay and the value is the firm, right now tell me the names of all the salesmen who work with us, one by one Ali Ali


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the salesmen who work with us, one by one Ali Ali works in company BC and Raza works in the company and he also does mass marketing in ABC. ok and I also do it in X-wazi ok and ok now I have to understand the sales, why am I writing this thing, this is the sales records, I have a salesman and the product of the company, he sells the product of this company, he sells the product of this company, he sells the product of this company, he sells the product of this company, this company's company,


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product of this company, this company's company, similarly in the sales records that I have, will the names of the companies be other than these, if these are the records of one distribution company of one company, then the name of the other company cannot come, nor can the name of the other salesman, it is like this when all the salesmen of my company are these and all the companies whose products I sell, all the companies are these and all the people to whom we have pitched, all the records


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people to whom we have pitched, all the records are these, so tell me, any one of these may be missing, it may be that no product of this company has been sold, this salesman may not have sold the product, but if there is some outside company, some company here, it is okay, it cannot come here because it is not a part of the data. That is not a part of the data, understand this, now come here and answer the question thatEee this is we have company id written in order leads and here in sales


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id written in order leads and here in sales team there is company id, right? So in order lead the same company id will be there, no, apart from the one where the team is working, so it means every record will be available. Okay, in these records, I will have only one lakh records after merging. Okay, what did we do for merging? These are the columns of this team, we saw which columns are there, company id and company name, if we merge on any one, then the name of the company whose id is there


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then the name of the company whose id is there will be the same, the id will not change, the id and name are unique, the names of two companies will not be the same, okay, still we did two p, what did we do, PD merge order leads with whom, merge on whom, merge on company id, company name, there is no difficulty in understanding this, okay, we headed it and checked the shape, then we will get only one lakh records, how many columns are there, how many columns were there earlier, there were six


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many columns were there earlier, there were six columns inside this, okay, how many columns were there in order lead, six and in sales team How many were there four how many became 10 but two columns are overlapping so they will come only once the one on which merge happens comes only once so two doubling will end they will become eight columns okay yes 4619 said you started listening from 619 okay so the merge is done we have order id company id company name date order value converted salesman


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company name date order value converted salesman id right okay from inside this I can drop both the columns company id and sales id because the salesman name will be the same salesman id both are unique thing whether I call you by your roll number or name they are unique so okay what do you say if it is same then take the id leave the name leave the name id let's run both now our data is what happened it has been merged now we will do different questions on this okay everyone sit on the system


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questions on this okay everyone sit on the system I am giving in both these links putting error load the data and all the people I see working whoever is sitting idle will be there I will postpone his class till 11 am and get this work done. Okay, well done. I have posted this here on Air Force share.Internet is connected, SMS IT student, okay, load the data quickly and you don't have to do any useless work, you can check everything later, load the data and then directly merge it so that we can


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data and then directly merge it so that we can reach here, son, load the data, load the data and merge it and make a data frame, keep checking the rest of the shapes yourself, that is not an issue, well done, everyone can you see, I am taking a round, I am coming to you, first of all [Sangeet] work, work, don't talk, what should I do, what should I do [Sangeet] what should I do, look at the work, what happened to me [Sangeet] [Sangeet] one [Sangeet] it will take some time, because of this,


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it will take some time, because of this, brother, the data should be merged, it should be done, what came in the def, after it was merged, it was checked, the def went into the head, yes, after the merge, when it is done, the first question is this, I am writing here, what do I have to do, we have to plot the bar chart and tell how many total number of passes were successful and how many were unsuccessful, well done, I will tell you the name Come now and quickly make all the flip flops, well


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now and quickly make all the flip flops, well done, are you able to understand what question has been asked? How many people are there who are not able to understand what is being said? One or two, the rest are able to understand. Three, four or five, how are you able to know about the successful and unsuccessful pitches? Brother, from which column are you able to know about the converted ones? So I want the total successful and unsuccessful ones. So what should I do? You tell me brother, what


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So what should I do? You tell me brother, what should I do with the converted ones? The value count should be known that there are so many zeros and so many ones. Make a bar plot of those value counts, friend. What is the issue? What should I do brother? A dot converted dot value counts, this tells me whether it is this successful or this unsuccessful. Okay, I want both these values. I want both the values ​​and this s index. Now what will I do? On the flip flop dot bar x axis, I want it


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I do? On the flip flop dot bar x axis, I want it written zero and one or successful and unsuccessful. So what should I do? Should I write zero or successful properly? comma unsuccessful okay what will these two come to us if you want you can write them in brackets one and zero will come so do everything y the value of x is done now what do I have to give in height I have to give y value in height okay so what will happen dot on y this is the count which has been takenĀ pick up its value l dot


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which has been takenĀ pick up its value l dot values, okay, are you able to understand, let's first see the graph, it is not working, after that we will see successful and unsuccessful, what will be its title, t dot titan, brother, check the spelling of sales patch successful and unsuccessful, so the title will come up, what have we placed on the x axis, what have we placed on the x axis, what will we call it, flip dot label x label, we have placed data on x, what is its name, now we have sales


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data on x, what is its name, now we have sales status and what have we placed on wa [music], wa label, okay, what label will I put, count of sales status, okay, here come count of sales status and this sales status is successful this much, unsuccessful this much, okay, yes, we will show it, then p lt dot show, we will see the power graph, okay, next, the next question is, let's see, the reverse of hacka is zero p 830, right, we have placed one first, right, we have reversed it, so what do I do


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right, we have reversed it, so what do I do to this, I will turn it here, okay and I will turn it here, okay now. Unsuccessful are so many, successful are so many. Moving on to the next question, brother, the successful pitches, what is their total order value and the unsuccessful ones, what is their total order value? Okay, make a bar plot of that as well. Did you understand? The total order value of successful and unsuccessful pitches is gone, nothing will happen. Let's run the bar plot,


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nothing will happen. Let's run the bar plot, brother. Come here, understand and you have done it. What do you have to put on the x-axis here? Either you should know the names or you can pick up a list from somewhere. We have made our list and given it to me. On that axis, we have run the count. Ours will be created. All these things are if these are all if the second one is made, the second one is made, why do you have to pick up the total order value of successful and unsuccessful? Yes,


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order value of successful and unsuccessful? Yes, whatever you want to do, do it brother, you have to work, apply the sum or the difference is not working. The company has come from the other side. [Music] What is that time, everything, no, the front [Music] is here, it will be made below, what was it, I just removed the handle in front of you, went away, brother, what do I understand by keeping quiet in the back, the column of total value is the order value, but I want the order value for zeros


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order value, but I want the order value for zeros separately and ones separately, so I want twoI can work on this, one is the total order value of one, that means successful. What should I do for this? Should I go to DF and select which data? Converted equals, then all the data with one will be selected. Then which column should I pick from that, order value? Okay, and then what should I do with it? What should I do, if I sum it, then the total order value will come. This of one has come. While


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value will come. This of one has come. While doing this work, you people don't know what is happening, and if you have to pick zero, then keep it the same. What should I say to it here? Okay, both zero and one have come. These two values ​​have to be put on the chart outside. The name will come on x, total order value of unsuccessful. There will be one column and this column will be another. Apart from this, what will be the values, the values ​​will be this, in height, total order value of


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​​will be this, in height, total order value of zero comma one. Another way of this can be done by group bhai, and show it by group bhai. [Music] Su, first above, where should you be, below the chart, below the chart, I don't know from where I brought it, click if there are any cells or full number here. While writing, both the values ​​are being accessed from group by and we can directly insert the plot by picking it from this group by. If we do dot index then zero will come. If we do dot


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we do dot index then zero will come. If we do dot value then it will come. A simple plot will be made. Here, I have saved it with the name of A. Okay, now what am I saying, whatever is in x, its index and whatever will come in height, whatever is there, I grouped the value of sum. So, exactly the value that is coming from the aggregate, I picked the index from it, picked the zero value and put the bar plot. Just like doing it in value count, we will get the same plot. Okay, the same work is


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we will get the same plot. Okay, the same work is being done from group by as well. Here, I had to put a query. Okay, the disadvantage of putting blank is that there were only two categories right now. If there were 50 here, then I would have to do this 50 times. And what group by does is that it groups all the values ​​in one go. Right, everyone will have a holiday. I am telling you today, if you don't show your work, I will not let you go. Kari sahab, so son. I don't know what to do, I am


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Kari sahab, so son. I don't know what to do, I am just cancelling the leave, understand Gurup Bhai, now what I want to do is, all the sales representatives, all the sales reps,I want to group how many pitches has each salesman made? So if I group by the name of sales representative, then all the pitches of every salesman will come up, whether successful or unsuccessful. Look what I am doing, do group by, not in the air. Let's understand from here, the name of sales representative is this, all


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the name of sales representative is this, all his sales, the number of times his name has come, all the data will become 49, all of the second one will also come, all of the third one will also come, okay, the whole group will be formed, I understand, now what we did is brother group by sales representative, bring all the sales pitches of each salesman, right now we haven't applied any criteria whether it was successful or not, just his name is coming in that pitch, make that pitch its group,


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coming in that pitch, make that pitch its group, so let's see, this group is formed with us, what do I do, if I check all the groups, then you will see Aaron Hudson, such a long pitch of his, the second one came from this, okay, all of them have their own sales pitches, I can see it, okay. All the groups that have been formed, what do I do, I open the cell of one person here, okay, like what is this name, write get group, get group of adil, it will give all its records, both successful and


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it will give all its records, both successful and unsuccessful are included in it, like this, okay what do I do, I group it in two columns, group cells and at the same time I am grouping converted, on which converted page we have and after this what am I asking for, after converted I am saying brother what should I put its aggregate, I put value order value, all of them will come out in such a way that it will be fun to answer it, see the result, whose work no one is doing and because of that


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whose work no one is doing and because of that turn it off again and again, its zero p sum is this much, its one p sum is this much, okay then the second cell, its zero p sum is this much, its one piece sum is this much, are you understanding, when what is happening in two columns, grouping is happening, so first I grouped one, then in the other, I did it manually in excel sheet and showed you everything Similarly, first he will pick the name of the person, then he will start grouping on the


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of the person, then he will start grouping on the unique value of the second column. I am able to understand this, now I want to knowYou people will do this work that brother who is the most successful salesman, first of all in terms that his total order value should be the highest one number two the order value of his successful pieces is more one thing this is the success in them but take out even a single one and then also take out the one who has made many successful sales, okay the first


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has made many successful sales, okay the first thing to do is to take the sum of the order value for every salesman and keep listening, you have to pick the top most salesman from that, okay when the answer comes then at that time you will remember how to find it, well done, hurry up, the sum is sudden, yes brother, someone's answer came de dot group by, whose group by has to be done, okay, sales reps have been grouped and what has to be picked up from their order value and what has to be done


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up from their order value and what has to be done with their order value, then the order value of every salesman will come, it is like this, so when we run this, the order value came in every sales but it is not sorted, so what will we do brother, this answer that came, what is it, it is a series and what is this of the series, it is an index And what is this, which values ​​do I need to sort, so which function do I use here, I sort the values ​​underscore, how do I need to sort the values,


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​​underscore, how do I need to sort the values, descending or ascending, what do I do with ascending, if I make it false, then it will come in descending order, okay, so who has the highest, brother Alyssa McKinney, but this order value is a combination of both zero and one, a combination of both, now if I need to pick up the order value of only whose successful pitches, what do I do, if I apply converted, then two columns will be formed like this, I will have to pick it from here dot order


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this, I will have to pick it from here dot order value sum, yes brother, I can do it from here as well and I can also do that I will first filter def d dot convert b equal to, which all data will come from this, the one data will come, the one data now I do group by, see, this record will come first, only which record has come to me, now what do I do with this one data, dot group by dot group ba, which column will be sales form What else would arise in the name, order value from this, then what


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in the name, order value from this, then what would arise in their sum, now the sum which would come and which pass's is coming, only successful pass's sale, what have I already filtered themI have done it, right now we have the sum of successful pitches and inside this I do the same thing dot sort underscore values ​​ascending false so this comes 38 5993 Margarita Latt okay if someone asks what is the name of that person or that person then what will you do, pending false on y means


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then what will you do, pending false on y means descending, descending means coming from top to bottom i.e. from the top if I want to show its name in the result how did the name come up because where is this name coming on the side of the index so what should I write dot index now I will get the list of all the indexes which name do I have to pick up from this index first so what should I write zero on y, okay no in the list we only have the list both index and values ​​now from where do we


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list both index and values ​​now from where do we have to pick up from here so we have to tell it to refer to the index okay if I directly do this and make it zero then the entire record will come by doing y, okay zero index now the i lock thing happened, we entered the index location its value came in front What is the iner location of zero, put it, the value of the second one has come, okay, it is coming in some account, it is not coming, why brother, in my opinion, it is not difficult, if


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brother, in my opinion, it is not difficult, if you are not studying, come on, son, why do people come to class, notebooks are shared, right, brother, coming to the next question, I ask you who is the worst salesman, tell me his name, the sales of the mass are high, who is the worst salesman [music], listen brother, listen, here he is saying, now ask mother what sales he does, if I put zero on y, then what will happen, brother, the top one will come in zero, due to this, the zero is not even


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come in zero, due to this, the zero is not even counted, now if I just want to check, then what will happen to me, I will have to think about it, I just check in one, check in zero, check in one, if there is zero, then it is not there in any account, then I check in one, whose is the lowest sum coming, right, so don't do anything, it will remain one, and what will I do here, I will let the ascending remain true, Who will be the first name Richard Nichols and this is okay and if I have to pick


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Nichols and this is okay and if I have to pick his name then dot index zero give me right now generate some new question II want to see the lowest successful page of any one salesman among all the salesmen and also give the highest successful page. It is a very simple task. Look, here it will come from main and max of each one. Okay, like what I have done here, I have taken the sum of the order value of each salesman. Now what will I take to know their minimum, what will I take main and max.


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their minimum, what will I take main and max. Well, to do this, I can pass two aggregates. Look, just see the answer. Understand brother, what did I do here? I copied this and what did I say here, brother dot aggregate. And here what am I saying, brother, what all should I take in aggregate? Take min as well as max. Take both. Okay, let me run this. Okay, short values. Now in short values, bye is asking me, he is not sorting right now. Look, what has come, every cell, both their min and max


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what has come, every cell, both their min and max cells are visible. Okay, now if I tell him to sort, then he will say, friend, two columns are coming in short values. That's why I was crying, that dot. If I I call this dot shut see, do everything after understanding it logically dot I write short values ​​and I call this as s cen ding ascending to so now I am doing short values, how many columns are there in the values, there are two columns, so how will that poor guy understand which column


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so how will that poor guy understand which column to do, he cannot do sorting on two columns together, so sorting is univariate, so he will have to tell here, by which column to do, by max p, so do max p brother, by mean p, so I put max p, he makes ascending true ascending false, then this one will come up, done, there is no parameter for descending, it is only the parameter for ascending, that's it, I can give all the aggregates here, okay, you can also show multiple aggregates together, okay,


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can also show multiple aggregates together, okay, and also show the number of their pitches, right and also show the mean of their pitches, everything, it will show us here, see, what is this in count, no, count, see its parameter in lieu of main Friend, it's okay, you should check our max count and average parameters. We were facing the issue that day as well. It's clear, let's just keep it till here.


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Now the next thing we are going to do is understand that this is our new module. Okay, in this new module, what are the things that we are going to study? Okay, it is very important and in this we are basically going to study data science. Okay, what comes under data science, we will also study data analytics in it. Under this, we also have to study statistics and probability. Okay, and further we will also study data visualization under it. Then we will study machine learning. Okay, yes, we


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we will study machine learning. Okay, yes, we will study it. So now there are many more things in it that we study and are taught. So what do you think? What is data science? What do you people think? What is it? To get insights from data. Then what will be data analytics? Okay, in this, no person can cancel anyone's definition. Okay, all these things come under data science. So I am not saying that you are wrong. This cannot happen. You too, in your place, as much as you know, you have read


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in your place, as much as you know, you have read and are right. The definition is extracting insights, collecting insights, all these things come under data science. So because it is a big domain, that's why it is called science. They call it science because basically what we do in science is we implement things, discover things. This is what happens in sciences, we implement things, discover things. Every subject evolves in sciences. There is mathematics in it, there is physics in it,


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is mathematics in it, there is physics in it, everything evolves in it. So when we talk about data science, we will use data and applied sciences. In it, we can implement all the science things. We will also do statistics, we will also do probability, we will also implement machine learning and that data can be related to any domain. That data can be from any domain. So we explore it, do research and bring it into discussion. Now what is this thing to bring into discussion? [Music] Yes, Bhai, I


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to bring into discussion? [Music] Yes, Bhai, I am taking a class. Come, come, okay, what does it mean to bring it into discussion? I am going to say something very important that you say thatYou can also call it the central idea of ​​many things that what has happened before in the data. What has happened in the data before? Okay, what has happened in the data before, that is, day minus one today. If I am working in data, then whatever has happened in the data till yesterday, okay, that comes


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in the data till yesterday, okay, that comes to me under data analytics. Should I analyze the data? Should I analyze what has happened in the data? Which product sold more, which sold less? What kind of customers have come? Who purchased how much? Who came from where? Okay, what is all this called? It is called analysis. What all things happen in it? What has happened in the data till day minus one? Okay, all that is why what do we call such a person? He is called a data analyst. He is called a


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He is called a data analyst. He is called a data analyst. Different terms are used in the market now. He is also called a business analyst. He is also called a BI developer. He is also called a data analyst. Okay, so till when does this happen? This happens till tomorrow. You can tell what has happened in data till yesterday, but when I talk about tomorrow, that I sit today on 19th and discuss about 20th, you understand, when I talk about production and requirements and inventory and sales of


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and requirements and inventory and sales of this month next year, then we are guessing something, we are making production, okay, on the basis of previous data, predicting the future on the basis of the behavior of whatever was there in the previous data, predicting future values, predicting future values ​​of any domain, okay, under which does this come or not, all this comes under data science, all these things are in data science, that is why I made it a sub super dot, state probability will


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I made it a sub super dot, state probability will be there, with the help of that we will do all the work, but when we are doing future prediction, okay, then under which does this come, it comes under data science, okay, now I cannot even say that what I am saying is right, you will read 10 books and you will find 10 types of things. ok but if someone knows this and someone doesn't then what does it mean, it is not an issue that he cannot do that work, everyone has their own opinion, no one


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that work, everyone has their own opinion, no one cares about anyoneIn which domain does one keep which in which domain, some keep machine learning completely outside data science, okay so where comes AI, where does AI come in, AI is above all these, all these are inside AI, okay, someone says no, data science is above AI, AI is inside it, okay, what to do, okay, there are different opinions of different people, different scientists have different concepts, okay, so there is no need to get


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concepts, okay, so there is no need to get entangled in it, yes it is important that in data science we apply algorithms, make predictions, okay, we predict things and extract other things, so the matter of insight happens in data analytics as well as in data science, okay, so a data analyst extracts insights that brother, this is what has happened in data previously, now you see what you have to do next, there is also a subject of data mining, whose data mining and similar subjects are there,


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whose data mining and similar subjects are there, okay and sometimes you feel that maybe you are studying the same thing or implementing the same thing, then data The modified and super form of mining is data science, super form and what is data science, data mining also comes under it, its algorithms also come on it, so what tools will we study now, what tools do we have to do all these things, we have invested so much, first of all, what do we have and many people also use R programming,


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we have and many people also use R programming, someone heard the name R language, it works like Python, a little bit like that, okay, what tool do we have, Python and we have studied Python, what modules do we have that help us to form data science or to implement data algorithms, okay, within this, our biggest library is of Pandas, okay, Pandas data la, we have Numpy, Numpy is the short form of numerical Python, this is the most used library in the world of science, whether it is a physician,


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the world of science, whether it is a physician, a chemist, or a bio format, Numpy caters to all formulas, even those that are Space scientists also work through Numbai, it has a very fast processing speed, due to this, there is a lot of fame.It's okay, you might have heard that recently, the scientist released a picture of the black hole. You can listen to the interview of the scientist. He says that we did all the calculations in measurement. What's the matter? Whatever data we have, whatever


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the matter? Whatever data we have, whatever calculations we have, we have done all the processing. Then for visualization, we read matplotlips, okay, and we read C-bands. For statistics, we have a library of statistics, which is called a model. And then when we go to machine learning, we will study cluster learning, cluster learning, okay. Next, we have to study deep learning as well, that will be our next phase. We will study neural networks. In this, we will study tensor flow. We are now a


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In this, we will study tensor flow. We are now a part of tensor flow. So, come under tensor flow. Similarly, we will study large language models, we will study generated AI. We will learn to create chatbots and generate AI. This will be our last task. I will try to also deploy the project on it, but it takes a lot of our time. So, we will look at management. From now on, messages start coming that you have stretched it enough, so every time the entire work remains incomplete, so because of this


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work remains incomplete, so because of this I have thought that I will speed up the easy things so that they get covered quickly and are literally easy, I have an idea about it, Inshallah it will not be rocket science for you to understand it, yes, till the doomsday, how many months have passed, four months have passed, about five to six months more, it may take more to cover it completely, but the good thing is that if you have seen most of these people who reach this level, they do data


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these people who reach this level, they do data analytics related work, they also do a little bit of Power BI, you know about Power BI, I keep Power BI as a part of the class but I do not teach Power BI, we conduct its workshop, a two day workshop on Sunday, five hours, six hours workshop, you people are also there in it, people from other badges are also there and whoever comes from outside to attend the workshop of Power BI, we will do it in two days because you will have the knowledge of


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two days because you will have the knowledge of data, you will have all the knowledge of processing, so Power BI It will be a very easy thing for you, so power is one thing in it, you will findYou will have to study SQL, okay, you will have to learn SQL queries from the database, although we do all the work with Panda, but the data of the organizations in the market is mostly on SQL servers, so you have to query and get the data yourself, okay, so these are the two things that will be


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okay, so these are the two things that will be additional, you will do the SQL yourself in this, insha Allah we will do it in the workshop of Power BI and this workshop of Power BI is going to come soon, okay, there is one thing left in this which we dropped, that is we have Flask or Jungoo, in this we create REST API, but now a framework has come above REST API, it is not fast API, so it is possible that we use fast API to create API, just like we have Jungoo or Flask, similarly we also have


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we have Jungoo or Flask, similarly we also have fast API, which is a framework, so let's see, whatever the best option is, we will choose that, why will we create this, when we create the model and Whatever work we do, we can sell it through API and we can also implement it on the website and do many other things. Okay, what is this? We will read it in such detail. We will read it in as much detail as we can. Okay, so let's move on. Okay brother, everyone is ready. Okay, we are starting. Okay,


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everyone is ready. Okay, we are starting. Okay, friend, what is Panda? It is a Python library for handling data. For data handling, Python can also do data handling. We can also do data visualization in it. Okay, we have also dropped Falas. Okay, in Panda, we have two data structures. What is Panda data? We have two. Okay, what do we call one? We call it series and the other one is called data frame. Series and data frame. Okay, what is a series? Series, we have one dimension. Who is talking?


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Series, we have one dimension. Who is talking? It is not the voice of mass. It is one dimension. It is done now. It is done now. Okay, friend, it will be 15-20 minutes. One dimension data will be one dimension. One dimension means what column one. Column When there is only one column in our data, what do we call it? Look, we have read the list, what kind of array is it?Let me show you how to create it. First of all, if we create a list in Python and I create a list, I can take any item. Okay, I


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and I create a list, I can take any item. Okay, I can just take the names of all of them and keep telling their names. And what if you guys don't even remember your names. Keep telling. And I remember the name of the mass. Now, this list that we have looks like this. How does it look horizontal? How does it look horizontal? But when I create a series, how will the series be created? I will have to import Pandas. Import Pandas. Okay, let's keep its short form as PD. You can do anything, but this


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short form as PD. You can do anything, but this is standard Panda. Now, Panda is available in my notebook. I say on Y. I press PD dot tab. A lot of options are coming. I create a data series. First, series with capital S. I am creating a series. Okay, series. I am putting data inside it. The one that I had put in the list. I can also put data. I can also name it. I copied from Y and placed it here. So, what will the list become? The series will become C. Vertical. What was it before? Now what


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become C. Vertical. What was it before? Now what is horizontal, what is vertical and one more important thing is that what is coming with it, index is also coming, these are coming because of the series, these are coming because of the series, we have not given the index, so what have we done, we have put 0 to 4, but what do I do, I say that brother these are the values ​​and I also give this index to it, okay, what should I give in the index brother, rather I do something else, I say padi dot


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rather I do something else, I say padi dot series, I write it here, brother I write the values ​​6 12 12 24 36 6 12 24 and what have I written in the index, I have written in the index brother, als ranges and what all, li and and and okay and what do I write, how many values ​​do we have, ti 6 two aa titi 6 two more things we need, mango and g grapes, okay, I will bring it down so that it becomes readable, now see, these will be seen written in the index and those will be seen written in the


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the index and those will be seen written in the values, als ch oranges 12 Peach 12 this this this this right So when the series is being created we have two things a values ​​and an index if I save this as ev y a now ev contains how many things ev ke evIndex is ya index a g, ya index a g what is its type object object now wherever it is written it means string which will be a string what will we call it object and what is the other thing of ev value value okay in this the value of ev and ev


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value value okay in this the value of ev and ev will be a d type data type so what is coming in this all the values ​​and how are they of integer type integer 64 I have already told you what are 64 and 32 bit come on read namaz then I will explain it further okay it is good resumed so you can understand the series that we are seeing in the display three things one is what is visible indexes and one is what is visible values ​​and one is what is visible ta data type well if any one of these data


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ta data type well if any one of these data types becomes float what does it become float so always remember in every language float has a little priority over integer when float comes everything will be full flood now if I see its type then what has become flood 64 Ok, it's clear, the series is clear, so we can give our index in this way and there are default indexes as well. Ok, the indexes that we give, the names that we write in string, we also call them labels. What do we call labels?


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we also call them labels. What do we call labels? Labels, so here, the word that I will use for these in apple indexes is labels and the ones that will come in default are integer indexes. Now, let me view the ev again. Now, what do I have to do with any of these values, if I access them from a list like x, then what should I write ev and what will I provide for it, I will provide labels. Ok, creating a BNAA will show the value. Ok, when we supply labels, then the default indexes of it do not


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labels, then the default indexes of it do not terminate. What will I do with it? Still, I can call it with its help. Like, if I write ev on ev and what will it bring here, what will it bring? So, this means that still, if I give its default index, then it will be as if I have given the labels but The default still exists ok when I simplify it like we do in a lift that do one thing do one thing orangesBring the data from oranges to mangoes from where to where, haven't we sliced ​​the data from


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where to where, haven't we sliced ​​the data from oranges to mangoes and bring it so what special thing are you noting, mangoes are also included, okay, mangoes were not there earlier, they were not there earlier, now mangoes are also included, but if I write here that brother, do one thing, bring from one to three thirds, bring from one to six, see, mangoes are not included, this means that if I run the default indexing, then the same principle will be applied in it that the last index will


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will be applied in it that the last index will not be included, but if I come through the labels, then that label will be included, okay, okay, the series, series, this is basically the back end of measurement, I have not read about measurement, what is the vectorization operation in it, what is this, look, when there was a list, I have created a list above, okay, I want to put a 'khan' in front of every name, you can put it, yes I can, what should I do for an in list, pick the name of each


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should I do for an in list, pick the name of each one, okay, name in A It will come and what do you do brother a plus khan what do you do with it you add it and then what do you do with it send it inside a new list list dot you do this thing I can do this with list comp as well don't you remember list comp no don't remember this thing okay what did I put in front of each one yes in list comp I stay inside the list and what do I write for a in list and what will I do next n plus khan okay you


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list and what will I do next n plus khan okay you read it na list comp yes thank you now see what I had to do for this I had to access each member okay and go inside it and put khan in front of each one myself but the series of pandas or array of measurements that we have is vectorized vectorized means this is simple it means series plus n okay sorry actually we have to do the value in the index there are numbers there I say series multiply by 10 so I don't have to access each member and


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by 10 so I don't have to access each member and multiply by t not loop I said multiply the entire series by 10 What should I do, what will it do to everyone instantly, 10 to 15, I don't want to loop each one and take it out, the egg will save you a lot from the loop, did you understand, this is called vectoraiWhat is this operation called? Have you ever read vectors in your life? Have you ever read vectors? So this is the same operation. Let me explain you a little bit. We draw a vector like


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explain you a little bit. We draw a vector like this. It is a vector. This is on a quad plane. So, I will call it 3x and this is 4y. Okay, a vector on a 2D plane is on the right. Now, I will say that the magnitude of this vector, so every value inside it will be multiplied by 0. No matter how many dimensions it has, all the dimensions, that is, it will move forward by 2 in the x axis and by 2 in the y axis as well. If it was an axis, then 2 would have increased there also and would have


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2 would have increased there also and would have doubled. So, this is what happens when I multiplied by 2, then every dimension present in the vector will become 2. This is what I did here. When I told the series to multiply by 10, then every value present in the series will become 10. Whether it is two values, 50 values, every value will not be multiplied by 10 in this way. I would say series ps. 500 Now I don't even need to loop. Okay, this was our series. We have to work very recklessly. But


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our series. We have to work very recklessly. But I should stop the series here. When we are reading in the frame, we will use the same series functions. Just remember that if we have a single column, what do we have? As soon as the columns become two, it will not become a series, it will become a frame. Okay, it will not become a series, it will become a frame. And at that time, the functions that are before it, you will see those of the frame. [Music] Yes, I just told you that what is the


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[Music] Yes, I just told you that what is the default memory size in funda? How much space does each value that is stored in 64 bits take up in the memory? It takes 64 bits. I just told you here that this one, when 10 is converted into binary, it took four bits. So what are the 60 bits that are before it, they are lying empty. Okay, but such a large value can come in 10 that instead of 10, those 64 bits can cover up. Okay, did you understand? Now I will talk about whose data frame, data frame


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I will talk about whose data frame, data frame second. There is a structure and inside it we can say that there will be more than one column inside it, okay, we can contain string and numeric values, what can be there inside it, string and numeric values ​​can come, okayHow will it be created? Now to create a data frame, I create a dictionary here. What dictionary will I call it report? In the report, I say brother for example, like we are working here, apple, okay, else colon, I will write


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here, apple, okay, else colon, I will write some number of apples. And the second thing is, the oranges dictionary, so everyone remembers it, ha ha good, let's take one more. What language is it, okay? If I view this, we have created this dictionary. What do I do? I say pd dot data frame and give this dictionary to the data frame. What will it create? Okay, the value of the frame is increasing or decreasing. The value should be equal to the value. Yes, it is attached. But there is still less or


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Yes, it is attached. But there is still less or more, three to six, three to ten. What do we have here? What has been created for this frame? What has it created? The name of the column and the value inside it, what do I do here inside it, I put it in the index. How many apples did Ma eat and how many apples did Asad eat? How many apples did he eat? How many did he eat? How many did he eat? And tell me the short name or how will it look like three by three. Okay, these labels were also coming


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by three. Okay, these labels were also coming by default earlier, now it is added, so inside the same dictionary, I passed the dictionary to the data frame. Okay, we will always need it very rarely. Basically, what will we be doing? We will be loading data from different sources. What will we be doing? We will be loading data like now we can load data from different sources. For example, I take a data file from here [music] I have an Apple file. I have a file in Excel. Okay, so what do I have?


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I have a file in Excel. Okay, so what do I have? I say, the employee data is coming. I am not creating this data. We have it in Excel. We have it in CSV. It is in SQL server format. Pick it up from the server. So what will I write? I press Pandas dot read. Which file is this? Okay, press the quotation. What is the name of the file? Okay, I have loaded this. Now when I look at this, all the data is available. Okay now In employee, there is a column of serial number present in my data and one


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of serial number present in my data and one column is also given by the employee himself, so here I have two or many parameters which I can deal with hereLet's go to sheet name header names index column use column okay data type engine converter true values ​​file value sp row and row a value keep default barb pass this all slowly you will get to know what it is what am I telling you now I am telling this yes yes this is what you have to learn now what am I telling you that brother this index


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now what am I telling you that brother this index column that is coming I don't want it there is a column in my data make it an index okay so here I saw the parameter what did I see index column which parameter index column so what do I do here I will tell in index column which column to make ix serial now that one column will come out from there where will the doubling end see it has come below yes I have used this column as this data label index label and label which heading do I want to


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index label and label which heading do I want to remove this only heading do I want to remove or entire column only heading do I have parameter here shift tab header it is written in header zero zero means zero It will always be the name of the column, it happens like this in the data, so if I say that I don't have a header, okay, what if I say that I don't have a header, then it means that how will it understand the column with zero, only the data will understand it, now which column, index


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data will understand it, now which column, index sheet zero, okay, that issue happened that it went down, I set it to default, okay, and actually the index went down, the index is present there, see now the column with header, that type of column came in the data because I said friend, I don't have the names of the columns, so you can use the default, then what will it understand, friend, that is also data which is written there, okay or now what do I do back here, brother, if I make the row


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do I do back here, brother, if I make the row zero, then it will be saved, so by default the header is zero, so there is no need to write it and what do I do back to the index column, I make it serial, okay, are you understanding, yes, yes If I tamper with it and start it from one, then it will be called the label, whatever he is giving on his own will, that is the default index, now in the label it can also happen that I give the label on my ownAnd I can give that integer label only. It is


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ownAnd I can give that integer label only. It is possible that I myself have customized the index of the column names but have kept it in integer. So I can start from anywhere, start from one, start from zero, okay. And I have sheet name here. If my Excel file has multiple sheets, I want to load sheet one, sheet two, then by default, what data does it load which is in sheet one, is in sheet zero. If I open this file here, then you will see that this sheet one is zero index. If I add more files


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this sheet one is zero index. If I add more files here in sheet two, then I will have to load it. So what will I have to give the index of the sheet there? I will have to give one index. If I write the name here, then I can also give the name there. This string name can also come, integer number can come and list of sheets can also come. Give multiple sheets and load them. So in a single file, first top, then bottom, second one can be loaded. After that use column bar like this. It happens that


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that use column bar like this. It happens that in our data, I saw 1 column in the database, how many columns, but the columns on which I have to work are 10 columns, 5 columns. If I load those 1 columns here from the server, then those 10 are useless for me, only those columns are useful for me, or the 10 on which I have to work, then loading them here is useless, so I can tell him here, which columns should I use, for Apple, I can use Apple ID, right, and what can I use, salary, and so on,


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ID, right, and what can I use, salary, and so on, okay, so look, now we have, okay, I will have to take it to the default, no, no, that is absolutely correct, you are not stupid, and you are saying that use employee ID and salary, and which column have you put in the index column in the column, serial, you are not even using the serial, then how will it be put in the index, so I will have to put the serial in the use column, then it will have to be made an index column, what did I start doing,


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be made an index column, what did I start doing, what did I write on this, serial, now I can say on this, brother, what should I take in the index column Here take the serial, okay it will be useful now, now he loaded it and after loading it what did we say, make this and the rest as data.No, okay, are you able to understand, it is not difficult. So I will load it again, PD data read excel bracket quotation e pressed add ex. Okay, I have named it D or data frame. This is our data frame, we can


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D or data frame. This is our data frame, we can load it and write it. Okay, what are the things in my data frame? First of all, I check its type. What will it say Y and when I check the type of the series, what will it say S. Okay, this is a frame and this is okay. Here, I will check the size of def. How much will it come out? 108 means how many total values ​​will be created by multiplying the R column. There are five rows and five columns, so there will be 25 values. Okay, now what will we do


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will be 25 values. Okay, now what will we do on this? If I have to pick any one column from these, what should I do? Like, if I pick any one value from the list, if I pick any one value from the series, if I have to pick an entire column, what should I do? If I have to pick a column, then how will I do that? Look, this can be done in two ways. I can write like this. I copied df departments and wrote like this. So, which column is this? All the departments will go to me. The second way is that I


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will go to me. The second way is that I write y dot department. What will happen to me with this also, but this method will work only when there is no space in the name of the column. What will not happen? If there is a space in the name of the column, then it will not work because if there is a space after the dot, okay? If there is a space, then this will have to be done. If there is no space, then both the works can be done. This also and this one is a little quick. Def is written and dot is


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one is a little quick. Def is written and dot is pressed. All the names of the columns will come. All are selected. Okay, it will come into use. V space will also come. Okay, all these departments. Okay, tell me if I check the type of DF department, then what will happen? Check the type of the entire column of DF department. Check the type of the entire column. If there is one column, what happens? Is there a series? Is there a series? Brother, understand? I have just done this. If there was


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understand? I have just done this. If there was one column, there was a series. If there were two columns, then it will be created. Okay, now I can select any column. Can I select more than one column? Yes, you can definitely do it. Will I have to tell you the list of columns? Will I have to tell you this, which has been written till now? I will understand thisThis is the syntax, now write in between it, if there is one column, then write the name directly, if there are more than one column,


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name directly, if there are more than one column, then you will have to give a list, will you have to give a list, what all, pick up the employee's ID, comma and his age, and pick up the salary, and I have told three things in the list, the order can be done forward or backward as well, you can do the order forward or backward as well, now how many brackets should be put in it, if two brackets are put in it, then it becomes two dimension, and if there are more columns like that, then that is


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if there are more columns like that, then that is yours, I should move it forward or backward and later if I need the ID, then there is no issue, what did I tell you earlier that this is its basic syntax inside DF, when I will have to give more than one column, then I will make a list of it, this is a list of columns, okay, so I have made a list of these columns and given it, okay, these two are there, so understand that for X, okay, did you understand, so I can select any one column or


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you understand, so I can select any one column or multiple columns, okay, multiple columns if in the dot way There will not be multiple columns and if I type any question, then that frame will come. Okay, inside it, the data that is here, sir, yes, right now first we are learning the R column, then we will learn R, then R and columns, then we will enter it inside the data. Okay, I have selected a single column and also selected multiple columns. Now if I have to come to row and column, that is,


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Now if I have to come to row and column, that is, my data frame, I have to take records from four to eight here and what all do I have to take, employee ID, designation and department, that means I have to slice from the middle, what do I have to do in the middle, okay, so what will I do, DF R, from where to where will I take R, I said I have to take from four to eight, okay, how is the index on R, the default one, and how are the index labels in the column, have become two separate, now, now I


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the column, have become two separate, now, now I write here that brother I want from R number four to R number na, and what will I write in the column after putting a comma, in the column, I wrote designation department age, that is, in the column, I wrote from designation to, okay, this will not work, why will it not work because now the labels and The context came between the index when I gave it integer labels and integer numbers here.If we give the index, what is it expecting here also, it


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the index, what is it expecting here also, it is expecting the default one, ok let's give the default, what will be the default, jivat 3 for f will give, okay, it will not work with t, cup will work now here two things come, okay, I am letting the error be written like this, okay, this is called luck and all, that is, location and integer location location and integer location, so I will have to tell it explicitly inside the frame that brother, go integer location wise or go location wise, so


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go integer location wise or go location wise, so that it becomes clear, now when I wrote on this, nadi dot i luck, what have I given you, what have I given integer locations, okay, four to eight two to five, okay and if I do it location wise, d dot location and what do you say here, brother from four to nan and designation from a, okay, now I brought it from the location, it was dying earlier, now it is fine, okay, this one of the column, ha ha, which is its index number, the column which is


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which is its index number, the column which is behind the label We have put a label in the hidden form, it's okay, you have to tell from where to where to take the records, so the columns are mentioned, here also till where to take the record brother, look here, I said designation and department and also how many followers are made, so first remove the column, later remove the label from the column, okay, remove the level, then zeros and indices will come, now tell me, tell me yourself, friend,


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will come, now tell me, tell me yourself, friend, if indices come here, then what will it understand, this is not there at all, okay, now what can I do with the help of this, I can modify, like I say that brother the raw number, the person who is an engineer, okay, his age is not 45 but 50, is it 50, the person on the raw number, his age is not 45 but 50, okay, now what should I write, brother DF dot location, okay, after location, which location raw number do I have to take, brother if I say


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raw number do I have to take, brother if I say nine to 10, then it will be selected and what not, take its column, what value do I have to put, 50 has written the link, I will directly write it like that What will I do, ok, I have put a dot, I have written this, type error, I am not able to type, I am not slicing, now let me write y, dot i lug, now edge will not work in i lock, so what is the column of A, what is the column of J, 0 2 3 4 is four, right, ok, I have made it four, okay, now go and


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right, ok, I have made it four, okay, now go and check.I am going to tell you what is the age of this person there, 50. Okay, so I can modify any value, yes sir, do it at that level, right now we have written, okay, you want to do it through the age, so what do I do at this, what are you doing, no, okay def dot, I wrote the location at this, what is the location, okay, now what will I give in the location, first I will just give the comma column, what will be this, what will it pick up, okay, I


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what will be this, what will it pick up, okay, I have reached the column of age, okay, now if I want to modify it, no brother you are 45, why are you increasing the age, then replace it, yes son, no, talk, what happened, water is not coming, what happened, what are you saying, tell me what are you doing, yes, I had just done it, friend, what is the need to consult through the lock, should I reach directly, or should I do this also, if I do it here, it is the same thing, brother, it has reached


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it is the same thing, brother, it has reached there, the change will also happen, what is the problem in that, sir, when the location is showing, then it is looking at the level, row and column Tell both of you now, are you understanding this, I am understanding the thing, I am not able to understand, in the integer location, I said go to RNA, go to column four, what value came, 50, okay, stop now, I understood this, now I have come here, I go to location Y, go to RNA and go to column A, what


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to location Y, go to RNA and go to column A, what will come, this is what I had just told you, you missed the point, when I put the lock, then it works for both, okay, we will keep it till here and


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Okay, go and do it. We have read the string. In the string, we have the type of values. And the string is like that. You know how it looks. If it is not a character, then it is a quotation. If there are quotations, then it is not a vector, if there are numbers, even quotations are written on it, then what is it? Okay, so we have every entity, every Python type object, hyper Python data is an object. And now let me talk about object and any object that is a class, it is usually a class, there is


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that is a class, it is usually a class, there is some or the other class behind it. Okay, and what is a class? We will not discuss this right now. Is it a class? Now we are discussing what is in a class. A class can have methods or what we call functions and properties. And it has properties. You will understand what I have written now. See, when I create a string, like I said country is Pakistan, when I type it, what is the type of country? If I print this type properly, does it take out one


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I print this type properly, does it take out one thing from it and give us something? It says that this variable of country that you have created, it belongs to string class, that is, it is an object that you have created, but this object belongs to string class, this much is clear, similarly when I create a variable of numbers, I wrote t here and I said ah print its type, type marks, so this variable of numbers, marks, it belongs to a class called integer or int, okay, so what is there behind


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integer or int, okay, so what is there behind every data that we are creating, if I create this bolyan variable here and check its type as well, then what will we have, class but class full and others, we have just read this, so who is standing behind every entity that we are creating, every variable that we are creating, a complete class is present, right, why are we talking about this, now I have come to know that my first statement is something that you will understand, every python data is


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that you will understand, every python data is an object and object belongs to class, it is clear, any question in this, next when we talk about class If we are using a class then there are methods and properties of the class.This is a class that has methods and properties, that is, now listen carefully that when I created this variable of country, which I can now also call an object, then it belongs to the string class, so it will have the methods and properties of the string class, it will


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and properties of the string class, it will have the methods and properties of the string class, and which class's method properties will it have, which class's method properties will it have, which class's method properties will it have, which class's method properties will it have, which class's method properties will it have, now let's check that and to check that, we have the variable country, or we have the variable of country, okay, because you are working in Jupiter right now, I will


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you are working in Jupiter right now, I will press the dot and then press the tab button, otherwise if you are doing it in VS code etc., then as soon as you write country and press the dot, then the list automatically appears that what all properties and what all behaviors or functions are available for this class because it belongs to which class, string So from the class, which functions will appear after the dot, they will appear from the string class, I press tab, I see that all these


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string class, I press tab, I see that all these functions that we have are there, okay, if I write the same thing here instead of country, what should I write, I will write marks and now press tab, now functions will come from some other thing, its class has changed, yes, now we will resolve the error later, first sum, okay, are you understanding, so whatever class it will be, whichever class the variable belongs to, all its properties and methods will be visible in front of us, now we


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methods will be visible in front of us, now we implement them, like we have a method with country, inside it many functions are coming, how do we have capital, now I don't know what this capital is going to do, okay, you also don't know, so how will we know, for that we put brackets, whenever we are talking about a method, talking about a function, then we will have to put brackets, if I execute it without putting brackets, then it will not execute, instead it will just tell that I am a


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execute, instead it will just tell that I am a function, let's just see now what capital is going to do to it, I don't know, so What about me standing here in the middle of this?Let me open it, it's called signature, I open it, so I pressed shift and then pressed the tab button, so whatever functionality of this has been created by the Python people, they must have explained it all here, all must have been explained, what does it say return, what will it do for us, it will convert the type of


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will it do for us, it will convert the type of the capitalized version of the string, whatever string it is, it will convert it to capitalized, what is capitalized, the first letter is capitalized, okay, it will extract the capitalized version of it and if you want to see the details, then look here, more specifically, make the first character the upper case and the rest lower case, it is a built in function, we have not created it, it comes readymade, this thing has come, its details, so now


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this thing has come, its details, so now if I execute it, see how it has become with us, I first convert it to small and how it is looking here, now I am able to understand the point, okay, I will write the string here, I will again write [music] from string is Italian string, now you cannot make any changes, it is confirmed, it will get deleted, but We cannot make any changes to it, so the question is why did the change happen here? So when we do this, basically it creates another copy and


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we do this, basically it creates another copy and does not keep its own one, that is, if I say remove the round one of the mic and put the square one, then what will it say brother, it will show you, but it will not be this one, rather it will be another copy of this, no change will come in it, that is, if I come here and check again that brother what country do you have, then what will it show, it will show the old version only, it says that I am showing you by capitalizing, see it will happen


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showing you by capitalizing, see it will happen like this, if you like it, then what do you do here in a new variable, save it, then you will have two, one old one and one new one, we cannot change it, remember the thing, so now when I run this, then this will come in the country and two copies will be made in the new country, what is a string, it is always a table, if I pick up this capitalize and put it back in the same one, then when there is a value in a variable and we put another value


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is a value in a variable and we put another value inside it, then the old value gets deleted, then the new value comes CasteThat means now I say here that inside the country you do one thing, right now inside the country there is Pakistan, okay, you put US inside the country, now what will the country show, brother, so where did Pakistan go, its value was there, what happened, it got overridden, it ended, it became garbage, okay now I say brother do this, inside the country put a new value, but


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do this, inside the country put a new value, but which version of the country itself, convert it to lower and put it inside the same variable, do not put it in any new variable, so now what will happen to the country, now the original will change, the original still did not change, but the original was taken out from there and thrown out, in its place put an absolute new value, he said kill me, finish me, I will be done but I will not change my value, yes take me out, bring another one in my


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value, yes take me out, bring another one in my place, okay, so another one came in its place, okay ask the question again comfortably, when we what happened, do it friend, this thing, aha, what do you have to do above, just okay, okay, okay, now say comfortably, yes, see, now understand my point, if we cover what we have, how will it look like? So let me show you the thing, what is this, how many are there in the value [music], go to the substring, it does not copy it, and when I put the


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it does not copy it, and when I put the complete replacement that brother, okay, you can put 500 in place of 100, okay, in this way we have many methods which we apply, like see capital, see lower case, we have upper, okay, so this upper is already upper, okay and what else, we have the country method, let me quickly implement it, it says count, now I do not know what count does, so what should I do, press shift tab, count tells how many times a character has appeared, that is, I say how many


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a character has appeared, that is, I say how many times A has appeared in it, then why did it come zero times because USA, what does it do, we have made it in small, okay, how many times did small A come, it will say it came once and if I say brother, how many times did S come, it came once along with S, okay and if I say brother, how many times did UA come, UA did not come together, USA So it should be continuous like it should be zero times so the count basically returns brother how many


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so the count basically returns brother how many times a character or group of characters appearS in string, how many times have any character or multiple characters appeared together inside a string, you would say what is the use of this, it will be very useful in logic, we will do it now, well this is shown here, add count, it says tell the string and it should return an integer, it is not saying that you can give multiple strings, if there is any such function inside this function, it will be


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such function inside this function, it will be present here, you can put multiple strings, then in the same way end with and with means this string ends on this, is it ending on y a, it is not happening because y a p is ending, isn't it, all these logics are very useful, when we are writing logic, then the function helps us a lot, if any variable is created there, then it will remain in the memory, to delete it you have to delete, if I delete from the previous class del, then it goes from the


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the previous class del, then it goes from the memory, the name of the variable, the name of the variable, similarly, we have the function start with, does it start with u, yes it definitely happens, right country dot and v start v, apart from that we have seen that there are more uses The index is going to be there. Does anybody know what is an index? Yes, where there are a lot of values, a lot of characters, what is the position of those characters? The position is sitting, like you guys are


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The position is sitting, like you guys are sitting, first row, second row, third row, this is how the position is. Now I do one thing, I create a big variable of the country. I write here, I take something in the text text, what do you write brother, R learning Python Pan I great language, like this I have written a sentence, okay, this is the complete string. Now I do here, in text dot text, I say find the index, at which position is the capital p, at which position is the capital p, so it


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p, at which position is the capital p, so it told that it is on the last index, count and check, it starts from row 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16, it is present on the last index, okay, similarly, if I write here text dot index, brother where is the great, then the place where the great is starting will be 34 index p 16 P this was 17 18 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 334 where did it start from 34 but this gradeI knew that this question will come that's why I was


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that this question will come that's why I was looking at you. Now what is it? Now Python is coming twice. You are saying that I want this one, no I want the other one. So what text should we write, index and here it is saying start and end. If you are being told to search from here till here and neither search further nor further nor backwards, then I tell this one brother, Python is starting at 16. You do this, instead of 16, from where do you start looking for Python, from 17. Now it will not


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looking for Python, from 17. Now it will not start looking from 16 at all. From where will it start, see from 17 and you will see what it is saying, Python is being found at 24. Okay, where is it being found? It is being found at 24. I started looking from here and started looking from the front. Python was found here. Good. What a strange logic this is. Where does this happen in the world? If you come here searching for someone in a class and you don't know about the class, then how will you


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you don't know about the class, then how will you say that bring the person who was sitting first and the person who was sitting second? How can this happen? Logically such a scenario is never created. Okay, logically such a scenario is never created. And yet if you have to do this system of the first and second. Okay, so first of all you check how many times has aa appeared. I said dot count Python Python twice. Okay, now what will you find out? You will do the same thing. What should I do


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out? You will do the same thing. What should I do first? I am text dot index. And for the first one, you found out 16. And now what will you say? This has appeared for the first time. I need the second one. Okay, the first one is not that good. Yes, it will happen. But we should avoid creating unnecessary variables. We should avoid that. Now what should I do with this? Don't count from 16. Where should I count from 17. Right, we also have text dot find. Write the lowest index. Brother, now I


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dot find. Write the lowest index. Brother, now I want to find whether a particular character is present inside the string or not. Brother Python. So I was asking at which position is Python. If I search it like this, look, find here. Before that, try to understand the thing a little bit so that everything is together. Should I search it like this, brother Python, find this one and tell me its index. I am asking him to tell me the index so somehow I am sure that this thing is inside this only


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I am sure that this thing is inside this only when II am asking for the index, okay now what does it have to return, it tells me brother it was not found, I cannot tell it in the index, now what am I going to do, text dot one thing happens that someone comes from outside and he asks brother is Sohail in this class or not, no Sohail you come, now when he says Sohail stand up, it only means that Sohail is a member of this class, but if he comes to find whether Sohail is there or not, then what


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to find whether Sohail is there or not, then what will he say, he will ask if there is any Sohail in this class, right, so this is the difference between index and find, when we are going to find, then we are not sure whether it will be inside it or not, okay, now if we come to find, then it is okay, it will not be there, but when we take out the index, then we will say brother, okay, so what did find also return to us, 16, it is present at 16, okay, if we put a small p in it, then it says


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16, okay, if we put a small p in it, then it says minus v, minus v means that it is not present, there is a difference, absolutely, absolutely, then he said that we do not have a small Python, okay, it is clear. As far as yes, who did not keep it is concerned, they do not have a string, now why have they kept it like this, I do not have the answer to this, son, they have kept it functional, now I will ask them why they do not say this even then, okay, there is another way to find that if you


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okay, there is another way to find that if you have the text here, the best way I think is this operator, which operator, in operator, what should you do, if you want to find something, then you write completely that Python in the text, whether Python is in the variable text or not, if it is not there, then it will say false, like now if I make it small, it is false, okay, I will make language here, it is absolutely there and if I say here language dot upper upper and check it, is it like this


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dot upper upper and check it, is it like this or not, then it will say no, if I do it here, will Python be found now, why if I do it here, capital is now you will find it, now you will find it, will it capilla to lower or will it say capilla is Python, so this is the most used operator, okay, are you able to understand, nobody is able to understand. If yes then tell me, any question is coming, there is simple syntax in money, well, after text text, I saw count, I saw end with this, I saw


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text, I saw count, I saw end with this, I saw that,After this, I saw the index. Okay, okay, okay, okay, from inside replace text, I am saying, brother, what do you replace Python with? Put JavaScript, it will put it. Now see, when we put this, what happened in place of Python. Here also the original has not changed. After making changes to it, it is showing that it will look like this. If you are able to understand, then put it back in the text and remove the old one and put this brand new copy


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remove the old one and put this brand new copy in its place. Or the other option is that you also have to maintain it. If you want to maintain it, then change its name. Create another variable so that it becomes two. It is clear to you what this replace does. Wherever that thing is, it will replace it everywhere. Okay, text dot and let's see. Okay, title case, this case, this case, start with. Okay, now we have a strip function. What does the strip function do? I create a new variable here.


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strip function do? I create a new variable here. Okay, I write this name. Okay, now I have printed here. How many characters are there in my name? Count it. 6 sa on 10 11 12 what will be the length of my character why 14 why is the space coming, it should be included because what have I put here by mistake, I put a space, then that space is also being counted and this happens often, okay so what do we want to do, we say what should we do from the name, strip it, that is, what should the spaces


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name, strip it, that is, what should the spaces around it be eliminated, if I say L stripe, we have one L stripe, that is, what will it do from the left side, it will eliminate it, the left side was not there at all, so there was no issue, if I say right stripe, then see what have I done from here, it will eliminate it and if I say stripe, what will it do from both the sides, it will eliminate it, because of this a lot of loss is caused because we are comparing, searching, writing the name,


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we are comparing, searching, writing the name, there is a space there, it is not compared, so I kept it in front, then why is it not coming up, left right, that's it, okay, I did not understand your point, we will stripe the text, which find thing Fi hey we are writing that in the first stripe now like I wrote here if nameI am writing equals to myself, it is in front of me, but I am saying no, what will it say brother, it is not coming now, I say friend I am writing correctly, it is written


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say friend I am writing correctly, it is written above also, it is absolutely correct, so now what will I do, first what will I do to the name, I will strip it here, now it will say yes it has become equal, now it will be compared otherwise there is a space there, due to this this match will never happen and you will not even know, yes, okay, okay, I am telling this song for so long that the permanent one does not change, it does not change, it is lying there as it is, if I pick it up and dump


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is lying there as it is, if I pick it up and dump it in the same, then it would have changed in the memory, okay look [music] brother what is your name Abdul Abdul Haseeb, so now I wrote the name here, what am I writing Abdul Haseeb, but what about Haseeb, when I write the name, then often it comes because there is a space at the end, even then the space gets pressed by me, okay and if someone of high stature is writing, then put a space in the beginning, okay, now when I When I print and see


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beginning, okay, now when I When I print and see the name here, I don't understand whether there is a space or not and what do I say and what do I say and I say that name is bara now I am writing your name here absolutely correctly the name is equal to Abdul Haseeb's so now you will feel that it should be true but what is it saying it is saying false it is not equal why is it not because when I went to match each character then here space was coming and here A is coming, okay this mistake


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coming and here A is coming, okay this mistake happens while feeding data in the form, it happens in all the things, right now it is in front of us if we are fetching data from somewhere we are not even able to see the data, only query base is running so what will I do now Abdul Haseeb what will I say brother what should I do with the name, strip it when it will strip it then see this the space has ended from here and it has ended from here also, okay and I put it again this new value will


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also, okay and I put it again this new value will override the old value right if I don't put it again in the name then when I check it again the same one will come out The one that will come will not change the original so Lisa I am saying that it is okayNow the new value is acceptable, so what should I do? Put this new value in place of the old value. Now it has been updated. After updating, this is what happens. Abdul. Now if I run this statement again, it will be a bit more. And if I want


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again, it will be a bit more. And if I want to finish from the left, then l stop. If I want to finish from the right, then we have more l stop. Okay, we have split. Now I will tell you, for split, it will actually go into the array and we can check any spring, what is it like, what does alpha nam, al nam mean. We have some values, see, firstly, what kind of values ​​will we have? What will the values ​​be like? We have some numeric values, which are ingers, what do we call them in common


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which are ingers, what do we call them in common language, what do we call digits and some values ​​that we have will be characters, okay, they are characters, which we call string characters. Then we will have some values, alpha numeric. What is alpha numeric value? It is alphabet plus number, which means someone's house number. Now what kind of value is this? There is alpha numeric value in it. There is also a number and what do we have brother yes and the string which is there has space too,


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yes and the string which is there has space too, there is also space, so it is inside it, now I will show here what is it saying, I said brother I created a variable here and inside it I put 100 what kind of value is the data string what kind of value is the string now I run this data on, we have to do this often what is the type of the data that is coming is this data alphanumeric brother quotations are put and numbers are coming then definitely number plus comes in string right if I write on


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number plus comes in string right if I write on this son I put quotations also then it is okay if I enter a new value inside the data and say here brother now if I run the same function on the data then what will it return because number can be any thing alphabet can be both there is possibility of both in alphanumeric can be both alphabets can be both can be combined can be different now I enter the value here again by entering any alphanumeric value in it now if I check So whatWhat should


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value in it now if I check So whatWhat should come, okay, so the empty string is also alphanumeric, the number is also alphanumeric, but there should be quotations, no, you write the single digit, check it, okay, secondly, we have I will check here, yes, now I am going to get you to write the code, when we will see how many of these logics are coming inside us, okay, then you will understand its use very clearly, i alpha, now what is this just i alpha, the data is just alphabet, false, okay,


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i alpha, the data is just alphabet, false, okay, alpha and numeric both are present inside it, data, if I put a new value inside the data, should I put it, brother, I put an empty a, now I said data dot i alpha, now what will it say, I am able to understand now, there is no confusion, simple forward is going on, now I put 100 inside the data, okay and I say y, data is numeric, is the data numeric, yes, it is in the string, but the data is numeric inside it, now I said on y, digit data is digit,


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inside it, now I said on y, digit data is digit, yes, there is also digit inside it, but if I write here Do the data and let me write this now the data is numeric, false data is digit, false okay, similarly inside the data, I put this here. What did I say, data, now the function of a string will not work at all, it is bound to be a string. Now I said inside the data, there is an integer before this, what will it say, false data is wrong, the method has been run, the integer one has been run, a


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has been run, the integer one has been run, a decimal decimal, yes, why is it coming false, decimal so here, is there any method or not, now let us see what this decimal gives us, why is it not happening as we were thinking, opening the signature, write string decimal string, false, otherwise the decimal string is, it is running again, it is still coming false, point decimal, I have gone mad, I have gone mad, ok, see, decimal is decimal and then at least one character in the string, a, this is


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at least one character in the string, a, this is false, nothing, this is what I am thinking, a string, decimal string, the character in the string, decimal, all the characters in the string, decimal, its What do you mean, I am not able to digest this, even the character is not a decimal, how will every character be a decimal, let's see if we do it, similarly we have many other methodsYou can do this one, if lower if any string is in lower case, it checks its case as well, if it is coming in


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it checks its case as well, if it is coming in lower case in small letters, then it will make it true, similarly we have upper case as well apart from lower case, is the string coming in space, is it in title case, okay, which one, what does this one do, left justified of length, it will put that many spaces inside it, okay, like inside the data, I say, what do you do, put the character from left, then put that f four character, fill with fill with star, so what will it give us, it is coming in


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star, so what will it give us, it is coming in the data, it justifies and writes l justify string with length, read using specified fill correct default i space, okay, yes, if I make it r justify, I don't know, I have never used it, if I put these three here, now I say to it, three are not justified, by the way, up justified, friend, okay, the text that we have, I have written in big, can I split the text, what can I do, split it So each word of this, now it splits on what, it is written in


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of this, now it splits on what, it is written in split, non, when I did this, what did it do, by default it broke it above the space, what did it do, brother, it started counting from here, as soon as it got a space, it started the bug, that today the bug got separated, then it went till R, it broke till space by default, but if I say no friend, don't do it on space, you do this, break it above A, then what will it do, it will start from here, space one will come till here, then if you want to


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one will come till here, then if you want to break on A, then start from R, the second break will happen till A, right then it will start from R, it will keep going, it will keep going, it will stop after coming to E, write and see, yes, the one on which we break should not be included, what has it given us in the output, it has provided us a list in the output because we have not read the list yet, so don't mind, the one on which we break will not be included, okay, if I save this, I have


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not be included, okay, if I save this, I have saved this, it is broken, I can join it again, what do I do brother, I said here on what We had broken a p I have a dot join broken join backWhere did it go no no no when it has to join these two then what to put in between them, it was taken out from between them now what will it put in between each one, it will put A, okay so it can be joined as well as broken if I do it like this also by reversing it to list, okay the method of A is the method of


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it to list, okay the method of A is the method of string, join with that, it is fine, did you understand split and join any question in between so I did it just to explain but we will do this again and again, okay means when you go very far Inshallah and you will be making models, you will be making AI models, you will be doing natural language processing, then you will be doing this that you will break the entire text, you will convert words inside words, you will put numbers inside numbers in


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words, you will put numbers inside numbers in the process, then you will reconvert, so this is a lot of work to do, breaking, okay these are called tokens, what are we called when we break the spring, okay so these are called tokens, we also use tokenizer, we also do it manually, in this way we have tokens, which are created, hello Ghacks How are you, so hello, different tokens, different tokens, how different tokens and different tokens, tokens will be assigned a token number for each one,


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will be assigned a token number for each one, everything will be there, so whatever it is is not in the air, I don't know what to say, I am going around talking nonsense without any reason, it's not nonsense, everything is implemented and it will be implemented, but we will implement the thing only when we know about it, right? So tokens are being created, anyway, this is about strings, there are some other functions too, I have never used them, you also don't need them, you can use split join


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you also don't need them, you can use split join or j, all the alphas, these will be used again and again in logic, upper lower case and all the commonly used functions, right, indexes of string, just now we mentioned index a little, oh yes brother I am doing index, okay, now what is index, that we had created a variable, which country, okay, country, now I say, country, what letter will come on your zero index, what is your one index, country, which index, which bracket, I am putting square


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which index, which bracket, I am putting square brackets inside it, okay, so the indexes are of the string. inside if i if i itTell me country country you do this on your zero index, put it, what will be the answer, put it, I had told you that the string is temporary, he will say I will die, I will be cut, take it out, do it, but I will not change anything of mine, does not support as it cannot be done, an assignment once made will remain the same, remove it completely and replace it, bring


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same, remove it completely and replace it, bring another one, okay but modifications cannot be made in it, in the same way we have only the string, read till here, the rest of the solution is that they will proceed, it's done, okay, okay, now I will do it here, we had started a little work on A false, then new people joined us, so we started revising a little, you have done all this, how many people have covered the plus minus operator, multiply, multiply, divide, from the class recording, yes


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multiply, divide, from the class recording, yes brother, why, start watching a little bit, yes, you have not practiced, download the application of Jupiter notebook in your mobile, until the laptop is not being arranged, do this work, today is your first class, so how will you take it, come today, what is your name, Adnan Bhai, so something I understood, it was a class, oh, I did not understand anything yet, I understood a little bit, okay, what do we do, what do we study, if I have just


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what do we do, what do we study, if I have just finished my course, if not, then do I do it from engineering or commerce, okay brother, which one will take a good law test, then you will become a lawyer, is Wali sahab also a lawyer, right? So, one graduates in that, go and get an exam, then why would a lawyer need coding, you go, okay, good, this is done, join the group, this class of ours is being recorded, should I repeat the last line, I said, your country is USA, you do this, what is it,


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your country is USA, you do this, what is it, replace it with capital, I am telling it to put what at its index zero, put capital Y, so what did he reply to me, nothing like this can happen, I will remain what I am, okay, I will remain what I am, yes


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What will you do with the data? I am taking a data set. Some people were saying that they did not understand the measurement. Some did not understand it. The rest of them understood it. Okay, I am loading a data. How many people are working on this? Those who have the system and are working, what is the plan for the rest of the people? In the next class, you will bring your laptops. Bring them brother. Can you tell me whether the art is also giving laptops, right? Why will I give it for free? I


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laptops, right? Why will I give it for free? I will tell you the reason for that. Yes, send it. After connecting, the two assignments will be there. Everything will be mentioned in them. What to do and how to do it. You just have to keep performing. Okay, yes, let's connect in it and let me see. Okay, I have taken the data. We have not used the data before. I have a data set of one car. Usually, when we load the data set, the first thing we do is what we check. First of all, we check the shape


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what we check. First of all, we check the shape of the data. How much data do we have? 892 records and six columns. Secondly, there are six columns of the data. What do I do next? I check the data head. What is there in the data head? It has six columns. What is there here? What else is there? It has the name, the company, the year, the price, and how much is there with us. Right, like this. Now, we can see the data frame. It looks absolutely correct. But now we will explore it step by step.


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correct. But now we will explore it step by step. First of all, I run its info method. The info method tells me the details. Brother, what is the name column? What is its type? The object is correct. What is the name column? It is a string. The object type is correct. Okay. Which company is it? Our group is 28, right? Because now, after doing the assignment, Inshallah, we are going to shift to machine learning. Yes, now, in the assignment that we will do, you will perform the analysis and the


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we will do, you will perform the analysis and the statistics will also run inside it and machine learning will also run. That means, I have given this data set. Okay, brother, the name is correct. The object is correct. Pay attention here. Brother, no issues. do the company is correct the object or the object is correct no the price is correctNo, how many kilometers has the car driven, this object is correct, no, it is a number, how many kilometers has it driven, it should be a number, son,


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has it driven, it should be a number, son, this is what I am saying, how many kilometers has it driven, so now its answer should be a number, 10, 15, 20 kilometers, so we have already told above, kilometer driven, right? And if I want to compare any vehicle in this, which vehicle drove more, which one, then I will not be able to do a string, so what should all the columns with numbers be, they should be numbers only, fuel type object so look what is happening here, 892 892 892 892 84, it means


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is happening here, 892 892 892 892 84, it means that here so many values ​​are okay, the rest of the values ​​are missing and many more are missing like this, so what do we do, then we will solve these issues one by one, first of all, there is data dot I A Y, dot this will also give the same information as is visible from Y, brother, there is no missing name here, there is no missing company, there is no missing year, and right now it is roaming around the world, son, it is roaming around the


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around the world, son, it is roaming around the world, its air force year is with me. The student is connected as well as the IT student, so here it is 100%, okay, so here there are 52 values ​​and here there are 55 values, what is going missing, well secondly we have u, apart from missing value, there is duplicate value, data dot duplicate dot sum 94 duplicate, now what to do, first fill the missing value or first drop the duplicate, first we have to drop the duplicate, but if we first fill


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have to drop the duplicate, but if we first fill the missing value, we will make it missing with some means, the record will not remain duplicate, brother, if I say, understand this thing, the value is written in kilometer driven, I take out the mean of the missing value kilometer and put the value somewhere, then the copy of which will be, if there was 40 kilometers in the copy, then this mean value will come, then there will be no duplicate, then the vehicle will be the same, so up to you,


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then the vehicle will be the same, so up to you, whichever approach you like, I cannot say in this that what you are thinking is wrong, what I am thinking is wrong, okay, but if we If we go to drop the duplicate then many of our missing issues can be solved, the record which is missing can be found in the duplicate, the record should be found, let's see it.So how do we drop data dot? Drop duplicates, drop duplicates, okay? Data dot drop duplicates, and what else should I do? Should I make it


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and what else should I do? Should I make it false or true? I will make it true. Okay, these have been dropped. Let me check again. Any duplicates left? All the duplicates are gone. Now let's check. Is there anything left in A? Is the issue of A also resolved? Yes brother, how much have 50 and 53 decreased? 52 and 55 decreased by two. Okay, now, we have done all the big full-fledged steps, but now what do we have to do? Now we have to study each column separately. What are the issues inside the


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column separately. What are the issues inside the column? First of all, I come to data dot. Don't talk about it friend. Let's pick up the column of data dot name. Okay, I checked the column. There are 798 values, it is an object type. The rest seems to be correct. But the name, what is it, it is big. And also, let's check the uniqueness of the names. What is written in it? Is the data entry correct? It has not been done in the name. I don't know Abbu's name, look at the name of the car, it


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know Abbu's name, look at the name of the car, it looks correct, it looks correct, all the names look correct, where is it, that is fine, 1.5 1 P is 1500 cc 2, yes, in poor man, friend, what about the car, now look, how does the name look, it looks correct, yes, but I am taking a look at it, no, look at this, what am I written, use but new condition, it is put in the name, look, very good condition, Tata Bols, it means that someone was going to make an entry as a mass, I want to sell my car


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to make an entry as a mass, I want to sell my car number, I want to sell my car number, I want to sell my commercial car due to, okay, now the issue is, what should I do with each such entry, okay, so should I do it directly, if there are lakhs of such records, then there can be thousands of records also where there would be such bands, okay, right now we are not going in that direction, right now, I have started doing a small work, listen brothers, you guys are busy in the back, it is not fun,


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you guys are busy in the back, it is not fun, what are you doing come here, come to me, come quickly you come here son, come now look brother now this name is there brother, I will get up then come why are you taking tension brother, okay now unique name, when we are seeing this name, don't understand brother, when we are seeing the name, big names are coming, these are the suggestionsI am doing it brother, what should I do in the name, pick up the first three words, the name of the car is


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up the first three words, the name of the car is written in it, it is grand i fat ip titanium, the three words, what are they, right, right, now it is missing in it, no, now what should I do now, I have to write code that I should pick up the three names, what should I do for that, from within data dot name, what should I say, I should pick up three names and bring them in series, like when we do the series, what do we have to do, we have to do this story from every record, so what do we do,


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this story from every record, so what do we do, data dot name, when we have to do this, that we have to go inside and do something in every record, then we have not run the loop in son panda till now because its internal loop runs, I said there is a wait operation, now we should run a loop with a tomcat loop, it does dot okay dot string, now what will be in the name, name, now when this loop runs, it will pick up the first value, it will pick up the first record, then it will convert it into


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up the first record, then it will convert it into type, I will convert it into I have converted it, let's see what it did. It gave me a string object. Now after the string, we have this dot string. Now it has become a string. Now what do I have to do? If I slice the string, like this, as I was saying, it will take out the first three letters. The entire string is H, W, Y. Let's see, its A, Y, its M, H. I don't have to stitch three letters, so what do I have to take out the words? Right? So what


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do I have to take out the words? Right? So what do you do? We have read one thing that we can break the string, we can split it. We can split it. Like, if this is a string, okay, what do I do? Brother, I made this string into a string. And what did I say, dot split split on space y, it would make me a list. It happens like this. Now what do I say from this list, take out three. It's done. Well, when the list string is broken and a list is formed, then what will be formed after joining it, it


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then what will be formed after joining it, it will become a string. So what do I say here? I say space dot join and I give this thing in join. The string that is formed in it, join it. Three are formed into a string. All three breaks are over, okay now that's what I'm going to do herem data dot name dot s okay it is a string, after getting the string what should we do we split split on space even if I don't give anything it happens on space only my thought is let's see now how have I splitted


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my thought is let's see now how have I splitted this okay the list is ready the list is ready now what do I have to do dot join join with which space I don't know what is coming it is saying that join is not a method of series so first what do I have to do back to this I have to do string the method of string is join okay string did it did after stringing it was done first let's do slice first what do I do slice three three three came sorry sorry sorry sorry dot spade happened this came to us


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sorry sorry dot spade happened this came to us dot string and I told it to slice so these three come okay right now what do I have to do dot join join on which space what does it say right now there is no join of series object then what do I have to do again the string name has become small I understand now I should replace it put d in name in the whole data only one column of the whole data will come Right, I agree, let me do it. This column of our names has been resolved. Now, if I go and


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of our names has been resolved. Now, if I go and check, our names are small in size. Okay, no. Now, let's see our next column, which company is the company? Here, let's check by doing data dot company company dot unique so that it appears. Okay, there is also a company called Honda Mandra. There is also a company. Okay, there is also a company called 201. There is also a company called Well, there is also a company called Seven, there is also a company called Okay, and there is also an urgent


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company called Okay, and there is also an urgent company. He has to sell this vehicle quickly. Everywhere, like we used to write in the exam that we will pass the answer. Sir, I am a poor man, that's why I took your name. You have entered the data. Please buy it. I am not buying it. Don't put too much. Let's move ahead. Okay, now what should I do in the company? These names are written wrongly. What should I do with this data? Let me drop it. We can do it in which mode. Its name will be the


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We can do it in which mode. Its name will be the name of the vehicle. Replace it with the name of the vehicle of the company. Hyundai Mahindra Maruti this work can be done I just wrote the name, I will show it to you Ta Ta dot company listen brother whose company is it and bring this oneJust bring the one who killed the tree, how many records are there, what am I writing in the price, ask whether the number was also written, okay, just now we are letting it go, so it is ready, right? I don't


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are letting it go, so it is ready, right? I don't see any tension in the company, what should be the year, by the way, it should be date time, number will also work for us, data dot year, now this is an object, I will change the type, just see, what should I do, what should I type, now when I go to do this, it explodes, what is this error, understand this, invalid literal for integer with base 10, see, whenever we read this in Python that if I have a number hidden inside here and what do I type


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a number hidden inside here and what do I type it, if I type it as integer, then it will come out happily, right, but if it is not a number, it is letters, then what is this error, invalid literal for integer is just this error, it means that there is a string in that line which does not have a number hidden inside it, only a string is hidden inside it, okay, so Let's see, I am showing this so that when you get an error, your brain works why is it coming, okay, what do I do, I will take dot


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is it coming, okay, what do I do, I will take dot unique here, okay, oh my god, we are just cell I car a ball, now if I go to replace all these, I don't know how many times it has come, then now I am going to drop this, drop such data in which there is string in all of them, son, all are strings, all will become zero, what kind of string should it be, a string with numbers, now quickly tell its method, which one was it, how do you know, come to Python, capital is ends with is alpha is alpha


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to Python, capital is ends with is alpha is alpha number, remember is decimal is lower is numeric is numeric, is it numeric inside it, so if I do its numeric, what will it say and if I do its numeric, what will happen, what should I write ta dot er dot is numeric dot is numeric, okay, select this data, all the numeric ones have come from within the data, now if I pick its year, to check, I am doing all the methods here, bha this ta I picked up the dot yer and the yer column came up. Now I will


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dot yer and the yer column came up. Now I will take out its unique and see if all those people are coming inside it. The Bagad bills are not coming. Look, now only those people are coming whose insidesThe rate which is sitting, the number is sitting, so let's filter this data, okay, so now it means that our query is working correctly, what do I do, this is our query, this is our relevant data, all those records have been filtered out in it, in which year is present, okay, so I will copy this as


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year is present, okay, so I will copy this as new data, okay, new data, from now on what will we work on, new data, so this is our new data, in this we have now not solved the issue of year in new data, right now the type y is the same, right, or it is not a string, now I can change the type, new data dot year dot as type s type integer, okay, now what is the type of this, brother it has become numbers, I will replace it, new data, okay, sorry, look friend, by clicking again these are bound,


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look friend, by clicking again these are bound, okay, we have to put in new data dot year, right, now the issue of year has been solved, come to new data, name also resolved, company also resolved, year also resolved, now now it is the turn of whose price data dot In the price column, I have written that ask price is an object type. First of all, we have to solve the type issue but we will not be able to change the type directly. Now I have told you who has entered here, let me tell you one


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you who has entered here, let me tell you one thing. I copied this and asked him are you numeric? Because of this comma, these are not numeric, all of them are going to affect us. Brother, see this because there is a comma in all of them, no number will be filtered. If I try to filter by numeric, then all the data will be gone, nothing will be left. Let me check data dot price dot is numeric. Bring all this data from the new data. Is it okay? Brother, I did not put a string, not even one came.


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I did not put a string, not even one came. He is saying brother, there is no one there, why is there no numeric? Everyone is understanding. Why is it not there? Who is not understanding? You are chewing the bubble, take out a sound from your mouth. Cut cut, I am feeling like you are trying to answer. No, who was sucking so hard, friend? What is it? Sit properly, sit comfortably, relax or lie down to relax. I fall asleep after seeing you. Okay. Brother, this is the issue, brother, if I apply a


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Brother, this is the issue, brother, if I apply a filter to it, then I fall asleep, this is how the person behavesSit tight, but I will go back myself, see, now what do I have to do first, first of all, what do I have to do, first of all, this ask for price that was coming, I cannot do anything about it, I can't do anything, can't I do it, comma, we will do the issue, what should I do about it, I will check this, how many values ​​are there, look, oh well, how many values ​​are there, brother,


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oh well, how many values ​​are there, brother, there are 22 records in which what is entered, ask for price, let's filter it, why are you filtering it because right now I cannot even fill any value in its place because I cannot even find the average of my column and all the strings, yes, it is possible that I can filter it and keep it, later when my data is filtered and the price comes in it, in the actual engine form, the price comes in the final form, I can find their mean and then come to


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form, I can find their mean and then come to this data, fill the mean in it, I can connect the data back, this can be done, okay, so what do I do here, whatever data I have, I keep it, it does not go to me, okay, I save it, then I can save it. In the name of the price data, in the name of the records, okay now it is done in this, now I will run the filter on it, I will run this filter again and replace it in which in the new data so that that thing gets filtered from this new data, but I have


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gets filtered from this new data, but I have saved it, okay now in the new data, I will check my price again, um not even a single 00 price will come, price dot unique c, I put this new data price filter correctly, okay I did not want this data, okay, I have made the copy correctly on this new data, new data okay, price and I do not want this data in the new data, so what should I do, bring that data in the new data and price, let's view it first and then save it, now all this data in which the


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and then save it, now all this data in which the price is not there, I will save it in the new data, okay, I can also do this with not and I can also do it with the negation sign here, that I put this bracket and which sign should I put here, what does this mean, not the opposite not. There is a gate, it means read no gate, that is, if I am yes, if I do this, then thisIt will reverse it, true to false, false to true, ok, what are you saying, what do you want to do, the raw will disappear, yes,


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do you want to do, the raw will disappear, yes, take out all these records, the records in which this is written in the price, I have dropped all those records from here, but what have I done with them, I have saved them, what will I do later, I will work on them and use them, listen brother, the mode, right now if we use the mode, then ask for price will be filled only, the mode which came 22 times, will be the same, what's the problem, if I take out the mode of this data on price, then only


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out the mode of this data on price, then only ask for price will come because no other value is common, this is the most repeated value in price, you can check it if you want, ok, from the new data, I will check it again, unique data, sorry, I don't need this new data, I have run the price, ok, now what do we have, ask for price is gone, now let's come to our work, what is our work, brother, convert data dot price, what do I have to type, I have to enter it So what should I do, dot as type


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have to enter it So what should I do, dot as type integer is okay and it will explode, it will explode because there is comma written in all of it, it will not convert directly, this is what I had to learn, when I would have done it, I will split it now, then join it, it would have been an easy task, what do we do, new data dot price dot replace, on which one is it replacing, on which one is it replacing price, so on this series, this is very important, on which one will it be replaced, when I


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on which one will it be replaced, when I have written here, the price is a series, understand the matter and when I say replace the series, then I have written that in the column of A, the column of A is written free, I said A dot replace where 50 is written, make it 500, so go to the entire column and see, go to the entire column and see where 50 is written, it will make it 500, it replaces the value in the column, I do not want to replace the value in the column, I want to go inside the value


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in the column, I want to go inside the value and replace the comma, so what should I do brother, okay, I understand the point, new price dot sting dot replace, okay Where the ask for price was written, we could have replaced the R price with the sum value zero, we could have done this also, what would we have done later, average mean valueYou could have taken it out and put it in zero, this could also be done, see, it is a better option, okay, string dot replace, now what does the string say,


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string dot replace, now what does the string say, what do you put in place of comma, don't put anything, comma, do not leave a space, remove the comma, okay, when that is done, then its data type can also be changed, right? What should I do right away, change the data type as well, what data type is integer, all the engines, whatever you want to put, check it, the missing work type is good, so the engine will come out, it has been converted to integer, our work is done, now I will replace it,


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integer, our work is done, now I will replace it, the price is fine, the price issues are also solved, our price is correct, then kilometer driven, kilometer driven, okay, what happened, if you come in sleep, then what did I tell you there that I have saved that data, later I will do it inside it, from tomorrow I will put it here in your chair, in front, face to face, it will be absolutely correct, nothing can take the place of the mask, brother, okay brother, now what is left, new data dot


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okay brother, now what is left, new data dot kilometer driven Driven driven okay if you see with this then D type object is coming and at the end see what is written petrol has been used yes now the same will have to be done with the value of petrol first let's check how much data is there if there is more then we will write it down later we will fill up it is correct yes and it is going in the same direction that's why I am going to check this in unique unique when I checked nothing is visible


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unique unique when I checked nothing is visible there is petrol brother now let's see the records of petrol if there are more records then kilometer the way we have kept the price we will stop this also won't it be fine okay less relay yes let's replace it and check it okay kilometer driven dot replace no this is to replace the value baba wherever it is coming there you don't have to go to the value replace value and do not make modification inside brother this is what I am explaining now see


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brother this is what I am explaining now see dot replace replace petrol I am also putting in place of petrol with petrol is zero okay I ran this see what has come at both the places zero okay are you understanding dot replace and dot strong replace this has to be remembered so this is our The work is done now what should I do with it, in place is it coming inside it, what in placees is coming so what do I do in place of it, I make it true, okay these are our kilometers, now that data of ours


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these are our kilometers, now that data of ours will not be wasted, right? You can do this work there also in the ask for price affair, okay now what do I have to do, now I have to take numbers from kilometer driven, so what should I do brother new data dot kilometer driven dot replace replace what replace the MS with nothing, there should not be anything in place of commas, now this is an important thing, look at the MS that we have, there is also a space in between it, do we have to give


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is also a space in between it, do we have to give this, let's test it, let's test it, let's check without giving it, after replacing I change its type to integer, if the type has changed to integer, it means there is no need, if not, he said no, there is also a comma brother, okay no no, there is no issue, I first replaced the MS, then again I said string and then again replaced which comma with nothing, it's okay, this can be done in two lines also, but good thing So that it can be completed


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also, but good thing So that it can be completed in a single line. Okay, I can also convert petrol in this line. Go to kilometers in new data and convert it to string and remove kilometers from it. Then take the answer which comes in string again and then go inside and replace it. There is nothing in place of comma. Let's see, C is not coming. Because of A, its type has become object. I will not even change the type right now. Okay, the commas are removed. But if we change the type and see,


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are removed. But if we change the type and see, let's put A type and type integer. Now see, I had told you this in the very beginning that what is the default type of A and what is the result? Do you know this? Look, here I will tell you that you can not convert the result at integer A, if A value is written somewhere, let's see, I say that A was created as a dot array of length K. Okay, and what kind of value is this? Inger value and give one end. Okay, now I will check its D type. If I check


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Okay, now I will check its D type. If I check the data type, then what is the reason for it coming? If A is not there, then what will be its type? The type of A is burst, now it is turn, because it is heavy, it gets priority, if your value of one lakh is even one fruit, then the entire column will be ruined.Why will the type become fruit because fruit takes bigger memory, engine takes lower memory, if one data has come from a flood and it has copied so much memory, then the rest will come


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copied so much memory, then the rest will come inside it, so it will take the same type for everyone because a smaller thing can come inside a bigger one, it is confirmed, but if it takes the engine type, then what will happen to the poor fruit, it will not be able to come at all, well now it would have come but it is not letting me change the type because of N, but why has Y come, friend, it has put A in place of zero, because of whom did it come, because of which it was put I, because of


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come, because of which it was put I, because of putting a space in place of kilometer, let's say let's check, yes in place of one kilometer, when we told you to put N, that space, don't put anything, then there was no kilometer there, zero was written there, so I do one thing, I make it a string zero, what should I do, I make the string zero kilometer or try an empty string zero, okay, no, it's still the same, okay, I'll make it zero kilometer, why, why, put zero kilometer instead of petrol,


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why, why, put zero kilometer instead of petrol, why is it not doing this, this is also a matter that petrol is We have already blown it, we have already inserted the petrol, so let's run the new data again, ok brother, what are you saying, first check the space, where was it or here, okay, no brother, I am understanding, I am understanding the problems, the meaning of doing this is that we learn the thing, where did that appear to me, at the end two petrols were coming, he removed them and made


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two petrols were coming, he removed them and made them zero, I saw that we cannot fill any of them because all of them are strings, if I had to fill them, then I would have been writing, I would have inserted any value out of these, what are you saying, are you understanding the thing, but these are two, right, if there are more, then we will get stuck, which all places will we go and fill them manually, yes, instead of integer, type flood, this is also an option, so what do you do instead of s


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is also an option, so what do you do instead of s type integer, do the result, no, the type got changed, but this one had done it, it did not think, so this one did it, okay, this one did it, but come on, this is ours, what why, why, the matter is the same, sir, the sound is not coming brother keep quiet let me listen for a minute, when I made him quiet he started friend you have also got a bubble in your mouth, isn't it bubble friend Maulana IdhR aa has gone out, its face is not there, don't


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aa has gone out, its face is not there, don't say friend, where is it not coming, this is the price column, okay look, don't take any tension, look here, what did I do to this data, I made a copy of the new data from here, okay, this was the year column, after the year column we left it, then this became this, this is the price column, on price we did the working, it's done, now we have come, now after the price, here I am saying brother, new data dot kilometer driven is coming, it's not coming


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dot kilometer driven is coming, it's not coming in this, okay now what did we say above this, we said brother, what to do from kilometer driven, filter the petrol data, friend, leave it, now the new data dot kilometer driven in which it is written petrol, all that data is not needed, it is correct, and all the data is not needed from where, it is not needed from this data frame and what do you do with this data again, which kilometer, remove the new data dummy petrol, make it a data frame,


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the new data dummy petrol, make it a data frame, otherwise the entire record is a filter, only the petrol petrol column will be removed, okay and then later I will make new data dot petrol kilometer driven unique, so there our Petrol must not be coming to you, okay, the petrol has run out, right now what do I do, netless kilometer with nothing, I can do this as well, right I can replace this as well, right this is our work, the last one left, type fuel type ta dot new data dot full type petrol


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fuel type ta dot new data dot full type petrol diesel petrol diesel dot this value is coming inside it, okay, new data d fu type ya, why is it coming, did we drop it according to whom did we do it, okay, it did not work in it, it could be so, then what should I do, son, there was a string attached, then see, I will check it as per your wish, what should the fuel type be equal to, check it in the same way, yaar, new data dot this is there anything left, why did it not get dropped there, we had


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left, why did it not get dropped there, we had also tried it there completely, right, but why did it get dropped in the price, check it again, what did we drive earlier, understand, understand, is it a duplicate, duplicated is it not, where did we drop it, yaar, I had only checked the sum in it When he duplicated the drop, wherever we did ask for price, many of them came out.He must have kept it safely for us, we will have to deal with it, so what do we do now, new data dot in, what should I


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what do we do now, new data dot in, what should I do, don't drop it, what should I do, I am putting new data in it, drop fuel type dot or directly put it on the data, the data dot is drop in place new data dot fuel type dot unique, okay, yes LPG, LPG is there, friend, CNG LPG GPL is a little okay, now let's see that now we should check the info of our data, if we have it in good form 724 records, fuel type object, name object, company object, price commissioner is integer, one issue remains,


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price commissioner is integer, one issue remains, what is that, now there are 724 records, but what happened to the index, all of it got spoiled, the value in between has disappeared, so I am not changing the index right now, but I am coming to what, first inside the records with ask for price, okay now what am I going to do here, ask for price dot replace replace a for price data is too much, we will not do it with with new data Let me do it with dot price dot mean, yes let's do it right now,


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dot price dot mean, yes let's do it right now, okay now what will we have, price has been replaced with mean, okay and the same price is coming in all of them, is that correct? Actually, if we fill with mean, then only one value should come for all the prices, right? Whatever price we are replacing, the same value should come everywhere. Can we let this go, yes, let's do this, new data dot group by. Generally, when I am filling the missing value, I try to group people category wise and find out


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I try to group people category wise and find out the mean, so this is a good option. Group by company, company company, group by company, okay, I have taken company, after company, what do we do, take which column, take the column of price, and what else, find out the mean, okay, the means of all of these have come, the mean value of every company has come, listen brother, what should I do now, now this is a series, okay, this is a series, now which mean from these should I fill and find out


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which mean from these should I fill and find out all of these, should I not of the company, now every company will say our mean, whose words should we listen to, this is a very long task. I have to go into each data and check if it has a vehicle, so what I do again is I find the mean value of this series i.e. 8531, okay, so I picked this upI cut and put this, okay it has been filled, the value of one will come, but now we have made everyone a little happy, no one will be angry, okay what should


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happy, no one will be angry, okay what should we do with this data, replace it, from where has the sun emerged, in place [music] true, this data has been filled, aa for price, now what should I do with this record, should I connect it, now wait a minute a missing value is coming in the data, where do we check, missing value is not coming in this, friend, come on, let's check, check, now I will have two frames, one this one and one with new data, what should I do with both of them, I will tell


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what should I do with both of them, I will tell you who is this, hey, who is this, why are you running Corey, then add the data with the data, both the columns are similar, or I had told you inside the merge that it seems that the data in front comes, both the columns are similar, only the data will increase at the bottom, the quantity will increase, okay, there is no issue in the division, connect with whom, with whom, with the new data with the records with ask for price, okay and with this I


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records with ask for price, okay and with this I will get the final, you can also do the final ready data, okay Now the ready data that I have is 746 columns, earlier it was coming 724 columns, now what should I do with it, I have done ready data dot set index reset index balia reset index, see what have all the indexes become from zero to 745 and these are the old ones running and I had told inside this what will you drop, true what will happen, the old one will be dropped and what should I do


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the old one will be dropped and what should I do in place, it's ok, now our ready data is ready, done, so this is it


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I would have got it revised, I had not read anything, I kept reading the same things that I had been reading since childhood, what all things brother, we had read mean, median, mode, and we had read variance and standard deviation, and what else had we read, now what is covariate, everyone knows this, right? Yes, what do you know about this, tell me from these, okay, you know variance, everyone knows variance, everyone knows variance, variance, ok, look brother, main median mode, so what do we


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ok, look brother, main median mode, so what do we have in simple terms, what is the central tendency of our data, okay, mean median mode tells the center of our data, what does median also do, it tells the center of our data, so then what is the difference between mean and median, if there is an outlier in our data, then what can we do through median, we can find the correct mean, the correct center, otherwise what happens due to outlier, the mind gets disturbed, what is mode, the most repeated


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gets disturbed, what is mode, the most repeated value, when do we usually use it, when our data is and how it is, if it is non-negative data, then we use mode Let us find out at what level most of our data is. Okay, what is variance? Variance means that if our data is on a line from the mean to the mean, then if a point is here, then how far is this data from the mean line? How far is it from the mean line? If a point is here, then how far is this data from the mean? If a point is here, then


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this data from the mean? If a point is here, then how far is this data from the mean? How far is this data from the mean? The result of each point is found. I will tell you, so what happens now, so what is this distance? This distance, I told you, what is one standard deviation on this side of the mean, and what is 0 standard deviation here, and what is r standard deviation here, then here one station to the side, so we say that this data is how many standard deviations away from the mean, two


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many standard deviations away from the mean, two standard deviations to the left, it is less, and if this point is here, then it is three standard deviations more from the mean, I explained to you, what is standard deviation, basically it is the unit of The difference in the variance and how much is being found, when the variance is calculated, then those are the data pointsAnd the value of variance that we tell at the end is the average of all the variances. It is the average of all the


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all the variances. It is the average of all the variances. For example, if I tell you here that brother, how much time does it take for you to come here from home? How much time does it take for a tourist to come from home? 20 minutes. Sometimes it takes 20 minutes. Sometimes it takes 21 minutes. Sometimes it takes 25 minutes. Sometimes it is 30 minutes. So, if you have come 10 times or 5 times, then what happens in all the five times? There is a different time. So, what is the mean time? For


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a different time. So, what is the mean time? For example, our mean time is 22. So, now if I specifically talk about this data point, then it is okay to subdivide it and find it out. But I have thousands of data points. There is data in lakhs. So, I cannot find out each one. So, what we do is, we find the average variance. So, basically, the value of variance that we get is the average variance value. Standard deviation itself is not a concept, understand this, like I am saying variance, if the


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this, like I am saying variance, if the point is this far away from the mean, then that is the standard deviation, that is the variance. Standard deviation is not a concept. Just what is standard deviation? It is the square root of variance. Okay, the square root of variance is how you define standard deviation. Whenever you see the definition, the definition of variance and square root are the same, the difference is in the formula. But I told you an additional definition, what is standard


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you an additional definition, what is standard deviation, what is the unit of variance? How much is the variance? In which unit do we tell this? In standard deviation units, we tell in terms of how much deviation this point has from the mean [music] ah, you have calculated the variance, okay, the variance of any one point, basically, when you talk about the calculated value, then we should not talk about variance, or when we talk about the critical value, when the numbers are even, then we


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value, when the numbers are even, then we should not just stand and what can be done to find the variance. What will we take out from the score, what value do I have, okay now how does it work out, we have one pot minus mind, right now the thing will go away, basically what is this G score, G score is also actually the standard deviation, but whose score is this of that individual pointThis is the standard deviation of the variance that I have found. I have found the root of 50 points. So, how


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I have found the root of 50 points. So, how many points did I get in the standard deviation? It turned out to be 50 points. We call this the overall average, average variance. But in that average, there was one point, 10. What is its standard deviation? What will we do with that one point? We will subcut it from the mean and divide its value. We will see that this value is falling ahead of how many standard deviations from the mean. Okay, so we had discussed this in the previous class and I am


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had discussed this in the previous class and I am not spending much time on this. We will understand the basics here that the data that we have is of how many types. Brother, how many types are there. Which one is a quantity? It is qualitative data. Similarly, the quantity is number of students. Okay, height is okay. Price, distance, etc. are all quantities, right? Okay, and what else can there be apart from this? Number of students. I talked about and marks, now what am I doing, rating, okay


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and marks, now what am I doing, rating, okay now see, we have taken quant data, so what is there in quant data, height, price, distance, are they getting divided into two, how many are they getting divided into, out of which one we have continuous, right, and the other we have discrete, okay now which of these can be continuous, okay this is what we have, height is also continuous, price is also continuous, distance is also continuous, students, students are continuous, why yes, number of


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students are continuous, why yes, number of students, okay this is discrete, basically okay and marks are continuous, ratings, okay I am talking about rating in rating, good, very good, excellent, outstanding, what do we have, discrete, quantitative, qualitative data, what nominal, actually I have written this and in rating, one has to be given, two has to be given, three has to be given, four has to be given, five has to be given, nominal and what is nominal data like, no, continuous does not


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is nominal data like, no, continuous does not mean this That your height keeps on increasing. Continuous increasing means that the value of height can be the infa value between any two numbers, any quantity which has a value between two points.Infa can be numbers and it continues now someone's height is 4.5 someone's height is 4.51 someone's height is 4.51 so they can be these numbers okay so what are you calling this continue okay why not price distance student there will be either four or


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distance student there will be either four or five or 10 students not one and a quarter this is it what is nominal ordinal any data like fruits okay and courses and colours and tell me animals grade and in this way I talked about rating tomorrow look wait now I have written some quantity what is nominal and what is null such qualitative data which is not a number when it is qualitative which we cannot sort we understand sorting so like fruits now in fruits if there is apple and orange and mango


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in fruits if there is apple and orange and mango and I ask you brother what to do, sort them then you cannot do it you can do it okay you will do it I will do it with 10 people If we get it sorted, will it be the same sorting? Someone will consider apple to be big, someone will consider orange to be small and someone mango to be big. But if we sort it by numbers, then what will everyone do? Provided they know how to sort, then the sorting will be correct in the same way. So nominal data is such


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correct in the same way. So nominal data is such data which is not sorted, there is no order in it, there is no order in the colors, there is no order in the names of animals, there is no order in the names of colors, there is no order. Grade now this is the grade, my A grade has come, my B grade has come, my C grade has come, my D grade has come, what kind of value is this qualitative value, but if I tell you to sort this, then you all know which will come on top, A grade will come, then D


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which will come on top, A grade will come, then D grade will come, then C grade will come, then B will come, then A will come, then EV will come and so on. So this is such qualitative data which can be sorted, it is possible. Okay, what did I write about sorting, a good excel outstanding very good, okay poor, now what will come first brother, what will come first, outstanding then Excellent then very good yes numbers come in quant, numbers are not written in it, text is written in it, words are


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written in it, text is written in it, words are written, okay, time in usva time [music] temperature is okay, not nominal, ordinal, can it be arranged or sorted.A grade B grade C grade we all know that grade is more there is order from B grade right inside it but someone can say that L would have been better range would not have been good right right ok sir where to write temperature and vehicle it will not come here tomorrow right it will come here okay brother now leave it in doomsday okay


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here okay brother now leave it in doomsday okay brother now let us talk about pass percentage so everyone knows what it is we have one thing called percentile which we call five number or five number summary what all comes in it yes in these it comes main 25 per 50 per 75 per and max okay what is 50 it is there is also median and mean and median is 50 what is median and okay how do we know 2550 and 75 what is it yes we have box plot has anyone ever seen a graph so box plot which we have just


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ever seen a graph so box plot which we have just like this median quarter one quarter two i.e. 25 per 5 percentile and 75 par how many people know what percentile is, is percentile different, percentage is different, okay I am giving you a basic idea of ​​it, 25% means in which rank it is coming, 50% and 7 no no, right now I am asking what is percentile, look percentile basically means what is rank, ok tell me yes no, rank is rank, look now and we have been seeing percentile since childhood or


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we have been seeing percentile since childhood or when our result comes, our percentage is written in it, you got this much percentage, okay but we are useless students, there are some students who come first, second, third, what would they be, first, second, third, fourth, fifth, up to 10, the teacher writes the rank after that he says there is no need to write it, you guys are not getting it anywhere, basically this first, second, third, what is this rank, this is percentile rank, percentile


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is this rank, this is percentile rank, percentile rank is listen, listen, listen, listen, now it is like this, what does percentile tell that brother whatever your percentage is, but Percentile tells you that your performance is better than how many people in the class are. For example, if you came second in the class, it means that your performance is less than that of another person. And if you came second in the class, there are 30 people in the class, thenSo what is your percentile rank


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in the class, thenSo what is your percentile rank brother? It is 21:21. What did you do among the 20 people? You performed well. So, percentile basically gives us the result that what is your rank? I am understanding some concepts. Let us also look into it and see the calculation as well. The value of percentile that divides the rank order set into 100 equal parts is called percentile. Percentile. Now the interesting thing is that your percentage remains fixed. Like, for example, now I am


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remains fixed. Like, for example, now I am creating a scenario. There are 30 students in your class and I am checking 30 copies. I checked the first copy and your percentage came out to be 80. Okay, and what will be your rank at this time? Right now you are the first one, right? Because I have checked only one copy. Okay, as soon as the second student comes, if he performs better than you, your percentage will remain the same, but what will be your rank? It will come down and the other


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be your rank? It will come down and the other two-three guys have got less percentage than you. If you have taken it then it will not affect your rank, that is why we talk in terms of percentile that what should happen brother, the result of the next one should be bad otherwise what will happen to your position, it will fall, okay there will be no difference in percentage but what will happen to your rank, it will fall in terms of percentile, so in many places in the world the passing criteria


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in many places in the world the passing criteria is based on percentile, they have kept that we have 100 students, the passing criteria is 60 percent, that means only 40 people will pass, now go and do whatever you want, now pray or now those 40 people can also be in the top 90, all yes, now those first 40 people who have come in 90, you will fail even after getting 89, what will happen even after getting 89, you will fail, so Europe University has percentile, so we are praying that what should


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percentile, so we are praying that what should happen, the next one should not get too much percentage, another important thing is that What is the highest criteria percentile? If someone has the highest percentage, he will be rank one, right? If the sir made the paper so bad and everyone's marks and the maximum mark is 60, then 60 will be the rank one. This is also an advantage, right? 60 will be rank one. So if the paper was very difficult likeThis also happens in camera exams, every time


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likeThis also happens in camera exams, every time their procedure is repeated, sometimes your paper is very bad but still you get A in some paper, why does it come, you are bad, everyone has done bad, you are good in the borough, you are good in the borough, all of them did very bad, this one did less bad, then your rank goes up, so the percentile is working, which we are seeing on the box plot, what do we have, percentiles that brother 25 on 75 percent, why are we studying this, why does the


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percent, why are we studying this, why does the box plot help us, why do we study, why do we plot, basically when I have to eliminate outliers from within my data, what do I have to eliminate, if I have to eliminate outliers, then we do outliers through the box plot, and say what is the need, it can be done, brother, one value is lying far away, we just turn around and drop all the data just like that, what is the issue How did you decide that this value is an outlier? How did you decide that


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this value is an outlier? How did you decide that this value is an outlier? By doing so, it is one thing to decide as per your wish. And in the real world, we do not have static data. Data is being injected on a daily basis. If you have decided that the value is ala, re-calculate it in cos but later in the future, such a data comes that your mean has reached 100%, then it can happen that the sales value is taking out the sales value of a week and units are coming but the day is fine and one


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and units are coming but the day is fine and one day, what is coming, 500 units are coming, then you will say that brother, on that day, we had announced a discount of 50 and had started a sale, that's why it went on, our sales are not normal. This is an outlier value, many factors evolve in it, so we are not considering the outlier value. Why will we consider it with the data, then what will be the average 1 S P will go away like this, so what do we do with 500, drop it, discard it, but assume


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we do with 500, drop it, discard it, but assume if this formula continues in our calculation and your sales grade keeps increasing, the mean keeps increasing, keeps increasing, then in a few days 500 will become an outlierIt will not remain, it will come closer to the data but what will your system be doing, it will be dropping it because you have hard coded and implemented it, the hard coded value or the one of 500, is it an outlier, so we do not have to decide like this, we have to decide on


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have to decide like this, we have to decide on the basis of statistics so that its statistics are being calculated at run time and what is happening with that criteria, now see, the way I talked to you that brother, if the data keeps coming, if the data keeps coming, then the percentile will keep changing or not, if the value of the data keeps coming, then the one who was earlier in the dull at 75, would have reached where, would have gone to the dull at 50, now I understand that earlier I was


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dull at 50, now I understand that earlier I was the first, but as more copies kept getting checked, people kept scoring more marks than me, so I reached the number two position, so when this keeps shifting, then the value that will be after 25 percent, after min-max, what will be all those values ​​on the spot that you are seeing, outside min-max What would that be, if it is your outlier before the min and before the max, but as the data index is injected, at the same time it will be


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index is injected, at the same time it will be calculated, what will be the min-max, will also change and then now see what is outside the min-max now, then more records come, 1500 records come, then it was calculated and seen what is outside the min-max now, so the quantity that was earlier outside the min-max is going to 75 percentile and bringing it, isn't there a way to remove outliers, okay, doing it through standard deviation is another method, that is also a very useful method, and the


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that is also a very useful method, and the value between left and right will be an outlier, okay that is also a method, what do we do, we can remove outliers through box pool, yes, right now it seems it is not fluctuating, well what do we call the 25th percentile, what do we call it, what do we call quarter one, what do we call quarter one, and what is called 7 uile and the median value is 1, so it is clear to you, the data will be injected as it is What will it keep doing, it will keep


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as it is What will it keep doing, it will keep shifting, it will keep shifting, okay what is the formula for min and max or not, coil 3 minus 1.5 in inter coil range and coil minus 1.5 in this, this form is written a little bit wronglyWe can also calculate the deciles of any data from this. Apply percentile, deciles are coming, okay this is 1 in 1.5 inter qualifier clave p 1.5 inter qualifier range upper limit and lower limit, that is, minimum and maximum of our data, what will happen to our


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and maximum of our data, what will happen to our data, the value outside this, what will be an outlier, now how do we calculate this, we calculate it, okay, we do it manually, inter qualifier range q3 minus kw ok, see, let us implement this, brother, we are taking a data, we are taking a data, it can be seen, I have written it here 12 14 12 11 make it a little bigger, okay, keep saying more numbers, 17 [music] 19 and 18 15 14 12 11 19 20 19 16 13 Don't tell the name, brother, you have to tell


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13 Don't tell the name, brother, you have to tell the number, how many numbers are there 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 and let's do it, how many values ​​​​are there, 19 values ​​​​are okay, there are 20 values ​​​​now these 20 values ​​​​if I am telling you that brother I have to do this work then first I have to sort it, what will I do, I will sort it, what will come first I can do this on the notebook but then you will not understand its netboard what is the smallest, how many


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its netboard what is the smallest, how many times is 11 there natu and how many times is 12, I am seeing it three times okay 13 after that 14 15 16 18 and 20 check it now one two three four 20 twice there is a lot of knowledge about it good brother if I say that friend tell me the percentile of this 15, yes tell me the percentile of 15, oh tell me the percentile what is its rank at 8, let's calculate it for a minute see, at 50 it is telling us the formula percentile of whom It is equal to and


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the formula percentile of whom It is equal to and the total number of data points in the set and and the position of this number. Okay, what is it? A diva bapt is 100%, so what will be our percentile? If I start finding our number, what is our number? No, no, I want to see the number position. What is the position, brother? The position is divided by 20 mln 100, how much is it coming out? 366 plus 900 diva 20 45 will come. 00 45. Okay, so what is its percentile, brother? 45 45 is not on the


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is its percentile, brother? 45 45 is not on the number 45. Wait a minute, friend, if you get confused, let's check the calculation. It is better to have a good percentile formula than being wrong. Percentage of value from a given set of values ​​by dividing number.Bar of value less than the given value is the total number [music] And how will we read the result Look, this is the score we have, we have 10 students. This is the value of this using the percentile formula calculate the percentile


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the percentile formula calculate the percentile for score 70 What is the percentile of the one who got 70? So what did we do? Write the score directly. 38 47 49 585 Number or score below 70 How many are there? Okay, what did we write? So how many are there? 600 are there. 600 are there. Okay, how much will it be? Let's go ahead in a minute. Now what am I using the percentile formula number of value below one? That means how many values ​​are there before that, we have to find out for 70. So


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there before that, we have to find out for 70. So this is the value of this value, so how much will it be 60. Okay, now let's take the percentile score for 70. What does it mean by 60 per 60? Listen. First listen to me, listen to me, no, rank has not been calculated, percentile has been calculated. This means that where does it bring us? In the range of 60%, if we bring our data at 25% median and 75%, then where does it bring us? It brings us at 6% percent. Similarly, here, now what are we


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at 6% percent. Similarly, here, now what are we saying here, these college lists of students and their scores are using percentile, now we are saying not to calculate percentile, but 7% percent. Okay, what was the difference here? Listen, first tell me what will be the percentile of this score? At what percentile will the score come? Now, whichever student scores 60, has a score of 60, will have a score of 70, what will be his percentile? Okay, now the question here is, what should we do? What


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now the question here is, what should we do? What will happen to this data which is 7%? The data is written. What will be the 7% percentile of this data, i.e., student numbers have been taken. All the numbers are written. Okay, what will be the 70% percentile in this? What will be the 80% percentile in this? Which is that number which will form the 7 percentile, i.e. if someone gets that many marks then we will tell him that he is in 7 percentile, so that number has to be found out, I


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percentile, so that number has to be found out, I understood, I understood what has to be done, so now what do we have, rank or percentile divided by 100, okay so how much rank will we have, so the rank from this, so what is percentile, rank multiplied by the total number of them, we can do it in a single formula also, this 70 divided by 100 is the total numberOf data set 70 in 100 70 in 100 or 70, right friend 70 is divided by 100, the total number in the data set, so what is the percentile,


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in the data set, so what is the percentile, it comes out, okay, the person who has scored seven marks, the number in the seventh position, is it 7 percentile, counting the value from left to right, it reaches 80, so when we reach here, 4 5 6 7 8, then this is our 78 percentile, according to this data, out of all the values ​​in this data, if a person has scored 80 marks, then he is in 78 percentile, or if I have to tell that brother, if you want to come in 70 70 percentile, then how many marks


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to come in 70 70 percentile, then how many marks do you have to get at least 80 marks, sort it, sort it, brother, sort it, that will reach there, coincidentally that is coming, okay, so I am giving you this link, take a look at it, what all has happened, what happened atom, look a little, brother, real time It's a short, so I am showing it, let's complete it. Now I understood what to do through the box plot. Earlier we did it so that the word percentile becomes clear so that if someone asks, at


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becomes clear so that if someone asks, at least we can say something. It would be good if we have a f number summary box. We have the distribution of data. Our data, so what is the minimum value of the distribution in this case? What is the first cue? That is, now I have to find out the 25th percentile of my data. What is the first cue? It is 25, right? Now we will implement the same thing. It is also known as the 25th percentile. Percentile value below the mean. Okay, what is the median? 50.


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below the mean. Okay, what is the median? 50. Here the first cue, the mean, 20, 5 per observation, the first cue tile, how much is it coming? We will calculate and find out. It is calculating at 75. The maximum value is 27. It is there inside the data, with the help of which what we are doing, the box plot is coming up, what we are going to do is find our minimum and maximum, we find the value of coil one, according to ta, and coil or then I wrote this wrongly, this also is the formula quartile


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this wrongly, this also is the formula quartile plus, I don't know, coil mine is 1.5 in the minimum, the maximum is coil v p 1.5, okay here there is coil one, this is also coil one, what is the inter coil range, there is a difference between those two, those twoIf we have box plotted the data then what is visible here, this is the minimum, this is minimum 25 50 75 and this is the maximum, apart from this, whatever data is there, what will it be and whatever data is there on y, what will happen


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and whatever data is there on y, what will happen now, this is not as per our wish, if some value was looking big or some value was looking very small, then we calculated the distribution of the data and saw according to that, friend, the % is coming here, 75 25 is coming here and this is the minimum, apart from this, the rest of the distribution is being formed, the inter-qual range q1 minus q3 is the difference, okay, this is the upper coil minus the lower coil, this will give us a number in


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the lower coil, this will give us a number in the same cluster, or we will get 10, 7 10 minus 7 3, just put it on y to find the lower bound, q1 minus 1.5 and we will get two answers, now in our data, the values ​​that will be after this are all outliers, okay, this You can also run the code as you like, it is good to write it and run it. And then we have worked on so many data sets, go to any one data set and take salary or age or something, go inside some column and try to find outliers. It is


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some column and try to find outliers. It is not necessary that there are outliers. It is possible that all our data is within that range. We may not need it. Okay, yes, the box will also sort it internally first and then implement it. Okay, I will do one thing, friend. Wait a minute, we have data distribution. Okay, after data distribution, what do I have to find out? I have to find the value of q1. What is q1? What will be the formula for 25 percentile? Yes, we have to find 25 percentile,


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percentile? Yes, we have to find 25 percentile, right? So what will happen, brother? Yes, now you are saying that brother, what is 25 percentile? We are getting three. How is it coming? Yes, wait a minute, I am telling you a formula. I am not going to tell you quickly. It is not coming here. This is what we have. Tile one is how many yes do we have now how many values ​​do we have 19 so how much will it be yes yes so I picked up the hard you can apply the length function here do it here take


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apply the length function here do it here take the length of the data distribution okay okay now this five which has come is q1 q1 no this is the position now we will go here fifthWho is on the position So now what am I going to write here, look what am I writing here, I am calling it index, okay and what am I writing in the box, the index of 25 of the data distribution, okay, pick up which value from within the data distribution, at index 2, so what will I get the value of quotient one, why


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so what will I get the value of quotient one, why did I get a trip error, must be in the result or it is good and it has been shown in it, okay, okay, okay, brother, okay, don't get angry, we will type it, okay, so what has come 2 p aa now what do I have to find out, similarly what do I have to find out, I have to find out 50 also, right, index for 50, so 50 will be 1 upt, right, 50 and what is this called q2, what remains is one bucket, okay and how much will 75 be, brother, by 34 by 75 q3,


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and how much will 75 be, brother, by 34 by 75 q3, anyway, there is no need of q3, whose own making it a little issue would have become yes, okay, now these values ​​have come, so how will I find out Should I take out q3 minus q1 what happened, I did not understand this son I have written 5.0 in the result, so there are not discrete values ​​in the index, there is no conus, okay so how much is the i.e. f. Now what is our lower boundary, brother minus 1.5 multiplied by i.e. okay and what is our


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minus 1.5 multiplied by i.e. okay and what is our upper boundary, p 1.5 multiplied by a. k. okay so finally what can we say that let me get our print out, what are the limits, what will be the limits brother limits are ha l insurance y y apart from this whatever data is outside this limit, what will happen to us, it will be an outlier, well now I have done different work, you can make a complete function of this, you have given the series by picking it, it gave you the data column, it took out


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it, it gave you the data column, it took out the entire data of the series, no you can drop it also, you can also replace it with the average value, okay I have this notebook, I will have to search it now, I will share it in which the complete The work of outlier removal is done, the function is written, the data is given, should I take the data and give this also


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Everyone can see on the screen that we have read about classes and objects in object-oriented programming and listen brothers, just finish the talk, all three of us sat down and then we had created some bank account, so after doing this at least we came to know what a class is and what an object is, how a function is defined, how methods are defined in a class and how to call the things with the help of objects. Okay, for review, I am writing a small class again, just so that ours gets revised,


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class again, just so that ours gets revised, like I am forming a Laptop class and okay, I formed this Laptop class and in this


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Okay, taking input from a program and calculating the sum of the recipe, what would happen if the reverse of the numbers from up to a, the program should display the final sum, okay, first of all we have to take the input of the number and what kind of number should this number be, yes it should be a positive number, the negative number when someone enters a number here, then first we have to check this also, if it is positive then we have to work otherwise we have to refuse it, what should I do


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otherwise we have to refuse it, what should I do for positive, if it becomes zero then only we should work, what should we do, now we will tell him what to do, but if it is not like this, if he enters a negative number, then we will tell him, we will give him any message, brother color input, ok, now let us run it and see, if it is going to display the enter number, for example, if I write the number minus f, then it will give the color input and I will give positive four, then that's ok, now


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I will give positive four, then that's ok, now what do we have to do here, what do we have to do, what do we have to do, calculate the sum of the recipe, of the numbers from up to a, that means, if he listen brother, if he has written the number f, then from where to generate the number, then 5 more Then what do we have to do with them, we have to take the recipe method, okay, one will be one only, what will happen to t, what about 3f, what about 5, and then what do we do with these values, we


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5, and then what do we do with these values, we have to sum it, okay, whatever number he inputs, we have to generate numbers, we have to take the sum of their recipe method, did you understand the question, okay, so now what is happening, okay, he has input the number and how is the number, it is a positive number, this thing is done, okay, when we have come inside its body, now this, now I have to run a loop for this positive number so that all the numbers can be generated, okay, should I run


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the numbers can be generated, okay, should I run the loop for a in range, how many times do I have to run it from one to a plus one because n will be included, no, if we want to include n then we have to give n + 1, now all those numbers from one to n will keep going in a one by one, they will keep going in a, but what do we have to calculate for a every time, first we have to calculate the recipe method, now what do I do here, I will create a variable sum zero, okay and here But what do I say,


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sum zero, okay and here But what do I say, brother, even is a reserved word, so I will total it, okay, plus it in total, make it equal to, do it to whom, if not to one, who do you want to do to your A, you just have to do it to thisThat's it, the work is done now whatever number comes in A, its opposite will be found and will go to the total and get added, then the next number will come in it, then its opposite will be found and will go to the total and get added, okay so let's see, if I put


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total and get added, okay so let's see, if I put one in this, then what will happen to one, will one not remain empty brother and if I put t, then 1 p up 3 upt 3 upt means 1 p 5 what will be the opposite of 3 upt 2 up 3 2 up 3 what does it mean, I am telling you, am I understanding, okay, it is asking for input first, I input two here, then it came how much 1.5 when two is input, then the loop will run from where one and two two numbers are generated, what will be the opposite of one, what will


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what will be the opposite of one, what will be the opposite of one and two 1 upt yes 1 p 1/2 how many will be 3/2 and 3/2 are equal to whose one and a half is half of three 5 did you understand, how many people did not understand, good good good good, now tell me what are those things It is bothering me in this, yes look brother I have to run a loop, I have put here a, how many times should I run the loop, run the loop 10 times, okay so the loop will run from one till where, but if I have to


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will run from one till where, but if I have to include 10 as well then I will have to do 11, so I said, increase one from whatever a you have entered, if you put pa then it will become ch, if ch becomes five then it will run till five, okay, look at this thing, if the loop is written in range, then six does not come, six in the output, it runs till five, but if someone tells you that you have to bring six as well, then what will you do, you will put sen, now someone is saying that friend it is


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put sen, now someone is saying that friend it is necessary to run till a, then what will I put, now if he put 10 in a, then it will not come in normal condition but what has happened there automatically, then 10 will come, okay whatever is there is becoming 11, then what did we have to do in this, we are saying that brother if someone enters the number five, then first what do we have to find out for it, we have to find the race proof, what will be the second number, if t, then what will be its


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be the second number, if t, then what will be its opposite, the third number What will happen, what will be its opposite? What will be the fourth number, four, what will be its opposite? What will be the fifth number, f, what will be its t? Now what should be done to all these numbers? If they are plused, then calculate the answer that comes, what will it be? Okay, it says 2.23, the answer will come, okay, let's see here.What did I do now what will be the first number here in the loop brother


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will be the first number here in the loop brother what will be the first number in a when one comes here the first number then what will happen here upv what is upv no upv is upv is one only so the first number will remain one then next that one will go and what will happen to the total so how much will be one in total then what will come next number in this t so what comes below one two so how much did it become 1 upt 1 + 1/2 how much did it become 3/2 1 ps 1/2 3/2 3/2 means 1.5 so this is how


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3/2 1 ps 1/2 3/2 3/2 means 1.5 so this is how much did the total become after one 1 p 5 what will come next number will become 1 up 3 so how much is 1 up 3 333 or 33 which is y will become d in 1.5 so how much will it become 1 p 88 833 in this way every number will go upside down and become d and finally our answer is how much will be of f numbers 2.83 same is coming on y also and same is coming on doing it manually also okay read namaz tell me we will do it okay good brother it is clear yes


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we will do it okay good brother it is clear yes now this request has come which one came before also did this arithmetic and geometric sequence arithmetic one we had done it okay look first of all you should know what is geometric sequence does anybody remember yes yes they have common ratio [music] so I have to tell complete details a little more look the number series we have everybody is listening the number series is the number that will be infa that means if I ask you to make any number


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infa that means if I ask you to make any number series then after that you write u write i write f this also number series is going on sequence is going on if somebody comes and says no after that I will write f after that I will write na after that I will write 1 after that I will write 17 this will also keep going on so like this anybody can make any series there is no limit how many types of series will be made but how many series will be made but this is a special kind of series what do we


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but this is a special kind of series what do we call it What does S say, what does S say and what is S, arithmetic series, why is it called S because the difference between them, there is one here, there is one here, there is one here, there is difference in all of these, there is only one difference, that means the difference of all is common, so what is this called, common difference, common difference, okay, come here, how much common difference is there, anyIf you minus these two values,


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is there, anyIf you minus these two values, there is a difference of 17 and the result will be common, that means a series in which numbers are moving forward by a particular difference is an arithmetic series, right. So we have talked about arithmetic series. We have another kind of series, that too can be inverse, that is called geometry series. Is it a geometry sequence? Alright, what happens in a geometry sequence? In a geometry sequence, every number is being multiplied by a particular


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every number is being multiplied by a particular number. That means, if I take a number here and multiply one by one, then by one, then what will happen? What will happen from one, then what will happen from two, then by nine, what will happen from two, 27, then 81, then 243 and so on. So now there is no common difference between them. See, there is no common difference between them. But what are they being multiplied by these particular numbers, hence, these are not called common difference.


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hence, these are not called common difference. These are called common ratio. Their ratio It will be common. Look, what does ratio mean? If I divide any 1 by one, what will I get? This is the ratio of two values, isn't it? In the same way, if I divide 1 by 27, what will I get? So, what is the ratio of every two values? It is common. So, what do we call it in geometric sequence? Common ratio. What did we call it there? Common difference used to be plus. Here, the value is multiplied. Now, a


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to be plus. Here, the value is multiplied. Now, a geometric sequence has a formula. It has a formula, that is, does anyone remember er and er and its power is a minus of r and a r a minus y which is a. This is the first number of this series. What is the first value and the ratio, and a is the total number of these and a. All the values ​​come to us. Now, there is a sequence. Someone tell me what will be the second term of this sequence. Now, either you multiply it or What can you take out by


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you multiply it or What can you take out by putting it in the formula, what do you put in place of A, 10 then what will happen, how much is A, how much is A, if the series is decreasing then it is us and how much is A, 10 minus W, so what is left, finally the power of that will be this, the power of its second term will be if we take it out then what will happen brother, how much will it be?I can also find out the power of the series. We can find it out. So it will be written on the second


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find it out. So it will be written on the second number, 19683. This is the advantage of the series. It has a second value of 6 on the second number. This value will be written on the second number, which we have just calculated, 19683. So, if I get to know some things about the beginning of the series, then I can find out any number at any position of the series. Okay, now we have to do this formula. We have to write this formula by making an equation. We have to put the input in it. So, we


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equation. We have to put the input in it. So, we came here to make this formula. Later, when you record it, see it, write it down on paper. Write a Python program for the first six terms of a geometric sequence. We need the first six terms of a geometric sequence. So, what will be the value of a? s. The value of a? s. Right starting with two. And what will be the first value? What will be the common ratio of a? So, what will be the value of a? That's the program, what's the problem, so what to


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the program, what's the problem, so what to write now, the formula will be applied on y, but if I do this, brother, I directly write, which will be equal to a multiplied by a and then what will be the power of r, brother a move, first the power of a will be obtained a move and then it will be multiplied by a and it will come, okay let's say c 486 is coming, but with this the sixth time has come, that is, s has come, I need every time, I need one, I will have to run its too, now what do I do, I


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I will have to run its too, now what do I do, I write on y for a in range from one to the last starting point is two, so from t to where a is needed, then n psv so what will happen from t to n pv Now inside this loop I will keep this function, now the first time the value of a changes then t6 will come something, the second time it changes then t6 will come something, okay I keep printing print t s now see what has happened to a earlier, t6 was assigned earlier, so it started the story from


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assigned earlier, so it started the story from there, here p would have worked for it I will refresh it, okay, the value of A will go to A, I will name it C, if no comes first then C minus, okay, first one will come in it, T will come, so how much will have been there at that time, it will be s, starting with two balloons, we will have to start from here.aa s and I will make this at the end MT, it will come in the sequence like this 6 54 okay, I am not able to understand the formula, I have


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I am not able to understand the formula, I have just explained this, there are some things, there are some things whose formula is already defined in mathematics, so you will not do anything, you will come here, you do not know what is a geometric sequence, what is its formula, how will I write the equation, so you will come simply, what will you write brother, this matric sequence formula, so you got it here, aa aa my, here it is, okay, who all have studied mathematics, someone might have


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all have studied mathematics, someone might have studied it in the first year, someone might have just read it and then forgot, yes, I still remember the formulas by writing them on my hand and the reason for that is that I kept on teaching mathematics and physics for a long time, I remember everything, geometry, arithmetic, yes that's it, and which one was it brother, should I just get it done, what did you understand, good, I am also getting requests for string ads, string assignments, these


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for string ads, string assignments, these are done Palindromes of all strings Palindromes This is a program or a program to display the following output What are you doing by shifting, inside this, you are picking up all the zero index one by one and throwing them where, you are throwing them at the end, you are picking up the zero index, throwing it at the end, then picking up its zero, throwing it at the end, then picking up its zero, throwing it at the end, then picking up its zero and


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it at the end, then picking up its zero and throwing it at the end What comes back, shift has come, what do I have to do only with the index, I have to swipe it, come on, we have a variable inside which what is written, now I have to swipe the index, how do I do it, what should I do, should I run a loop, how many times should I run, there are as many ladders in this range, so we do not count letters, rather I do this, from zero to the length of the text, okay, I understand this, I will get it


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the text, okay, I understand this, I will get it printed, then how much length will come, we have only four or five, okay now what do I have to do, I have to pick up the zero of the text every time, I have to pick up the zero of the text, no, where do I have to send the zero of the text at the last of the text I have to send it to you, what is the last index, minus and what is the last index always, I should not write y f or four, because if the number comes big tomorrow, thenThis text has


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the number comes big tomorrow, thenThis text has become large, it will not be enough, so what will we use minus, now I say y, put what in place of minus v, put what, put the zero of the text, okay now this loop will run when this loop will run for the first time, what will it pick up from the zero of text and put it in place of what, put it in place of that, okay, it will put it in place of that, then what will happen, what will it become, yes y, it will become y, so let us print it, let us


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y, it will become y, so let us print it, let us print the loop, first what has our text become, what is it saying, y, the string is mutable, then how will it change, yes now we will have to do this, when it is swapped, if it is swapped, then it will be assigned to a new variable, so should the swap be done like this, I cannot do any other way because I will not be able to assign it, yes brother, think what should I do, if I do it with replace, then no, what's the matter, you will come at 8:1 in


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no, what's the matter, you will come at 8:1 in reverse, everything is basically not getting reversed, right? Yes brother, now I will do this. I will let it remain like this, let it remain text only and what do I do here, I will do this that I am making a Jugaad of the text of the text, I will do this, I will take all the text from one to onward, I will take all the text from one to onward, what will happen with this, okay, what will happen after this, if you add zero of the text, this is fine,


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this, if you add zero of the text, this is fine, good, now it will be done for the first time, the new tax will also come and it will also be printed, okay, what will happen in the second time, what will happen in the second time, in the second time it will be created, then from here to here it will be taken completely and this zero will be created and it will be placed in front, it will work, from my L let's C, this is what I was asking for, shift S went here, then I was saved, then F was


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shift S went here, then I was saved, then F was saved, then T was saved, then in the end it came, what do you say, as it got printed, okay, this is right, this seems to be a more correct Jugaad, write it down quickly, you have to think a little, think about it, friend, what all can you do, sometimes it is not coming, then it is a very simple thing, you are not able to understand, no problem, yes, the output, when you keep the output in mind So then easily the logic that is created is not slice,


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easily the logic that is created is not slice, in slice we had this, this is our text, this is its indexWhat is zero if I write select from n to then what will come if this is zero if n is a th then this till i but i will not include n and th a will come okay and if I say text from take to all onward whatever is there then this it will come completely and if I say text from wherever it is starting take the complete one but till four then what is tooth 4f will not be included e will come or la


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tooth 4f will not be included e will come or la hap ki hoti s like s ho ha bring it brother but give back the pen also friend I am taking someone else's pen and bringing it last name who wrote Hamza index minus v Hamza you have written your attendance with which pen leave is closed why did the start shift not come today friend I will do that start shift yap or I will not just keep it inside the loop it will keep happening again and again that will be for input this shift gave the input so move


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be for input this shift gave the input so move it back and forth I had explained this in slice right friend just now I told you again that when I write start selecting from two and forward If I don't tell any limit then till where it is all gets selected and similarly if I write in the beginning and don't tell anything else it means that start from where you are starting and but till where will you go till four, I don't tell the starting point and ending point so the starting point and the


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and ending point so the starting point and the ending point will go on ok it will come now let's move ahead it's done or what happened you guys have to tell this advice for the second time right now what are you understanding in this from one to the index from one to this we have a shift okay this we have a shift what is its index zero to 4 this is the index right so I am saying select from one to three r will not be included okay so what will come and two so what came ae came correct and here


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and two so what came ae came correct and here what did we say from oo to the end so t starting from here what is i to the end AT so I AT and what did I say here from the beginning till where till four from the beginning i.e. from zero to four i.e. it will come till three okay 0 watt It is ok till 3 shifts, there will be numbers on both the sides, it means that from where it starts, where it ends, take it completely, there will never be an error in slicing, even if you write it wrong, or even if


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slicing, even if you write it wrong, or even if you write it wrong, there will be no error.Or if you ever feel like it is double dots, what will happen in it, let's go from the beginning to the end and take two steps one to what what, look, I started with h, after that one left which came l, then one left which came o, then one left which came p, then one left which came t, then one left which came o, then one left which came t, then one left which came o, then one left which came w, then one


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came o, then one left which came w, then one left which came l, if I do this step three, then I started with h 1 2 3 a 1 2 3 p 1 2 3 h not 3 space to r not 3 third Harry step stopped, let's go, okay loop and we had read the dictionary, okay [music], the tuple which is formed is tuple y, right, it is mutable, that means the value does not change in it and what happens, it can be copied, it can be sliced, the same thing which happens in a string, the string will be copied, it will be sliced ​​but


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string will be copied, it will be sliced ​​but it will not change itself, so if I create a tuple here, I put a value in the tuple, what value did I put, I said brother apple and orange and okay, we created l, right, from inside this tuple, we created the value I said what is index p, it will tell me, okay what is at index f, there is nothing at f, there is no index at all, okay, I can slice it from oo to 4, I did it completely, but I cannot do that which is present in the tuple p, what should I


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which is present in the tuple p, what should I say about it, brother put a kiwi in it, the original change is mutable, it will not change, okay, I cannot change it, right, it will have to be completely replaced, make a new object with the same name, this whole story will be finished, or another one will come, it will not let you change itself, that tuple of tuple now the original is fixed, now I cannot put anything inside it, okay, that is why no insert, no delete, no method will come in the


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no insert, no delete, no method will come in the method of tuple, see, both the methods of count and index are coming, okay, if you want to count any value, then it will tell me, this is it, ask for the index of any value, neither update nor delete, nothing is coming, by doing it right equal, yes it is safe, then a new tuple will be cut, or that means if I say here, take the value of a tuple, oo from to f it will bring it fine now if I add this value or any other value inside it, understand it


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value or any other value inside it, understand it like this, I said do one thing inside the tuple, add another value, that valueuu what will happen brother yes, okay he showed it by adding but this is not happening in the original one yes but what do you say here, do this, put it in the original, that will be a reassignment, that will be a new creation, okay, it will be a new creation of the same name like we have seen in the string, same phenomenon, okay no, there are many things which we do


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okay no, there are many things which we do not like to tupple, okay, the user cannot change the value, he can see it, okay now this has been updated, the old one has been replaced, sorry, the updated tuple is faster than a list, it works faster but all the features are less, that means if you have to iterate over a tuple or run a loop, then it works faster than a list, its internal method of saving data is different, it was not because of the function, the list was changing, we were also


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the function, the list was changing, we were also changing the index value inside the list, we were also removing it, we were also deleting, we were also popping from it, we were not doing this or not, we are doing a set, though everyone is a set or something or the other, but we also have a set A set is formed by curly brackets, just like it is formed by a dictionary, okay, just like it is formed by a dictionary, but the value inside is not paired, what is direct, the values ​​are there,


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paired, what is direct, the values ​​are there, right, so if I create a set here and if I keep it blank, then how is it a set or without type check, MT is not set, there used to be a null set, which we used to draw a line in the middle of by making a manda, MT is not set, if I run it like this, then it will consider it a dictionary only, right now if I take out the type of the asset, what will it say, dictionary yes, but if I keep a value like this, now that that value is without a pair, then


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this, now that that value is without a pair, then it automatically understands that this is a set, okay, yes, in a tuple, we are talking about item selection slice, yes, in a tuple, there will be a slice as well, there will be a copy as well, okay, the rest of the functionalities of a set are many, you used to take out the power set of a set, you used to take out the super set, you used to take out the union, you used to take out the intersection, you used to take out the dissimilar of two


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you used to take out the dissimilar of two sets, you used to take out similar, we will get all these functions, the definition of a set what happens, what are you doing, you sleep first and then what happens to the set, brother, first of all you read the definition of setI still remember that, yes set is a collection of well defined and distinct objects, so what does distinct object mean, it will be unique, okay, that means if I create such a set, that means if I set it at some place like for


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that means if I set it at some place like for example, I start putting the values ​​written at y, okay, how many values ​​are there in it, 69 12 15, if I find out the length of values, how much will it come, because when I executed it, it must have duplicated all the values ​​in the memory, it first deleted them, if I check here, then there are no duplicates left because it seems to be a unique value, that's why it already deleted them, it did not keep them in the memory, you set, yes brother,


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keep them in the memory, you set, yes brother, the set is mobile, it is a table, it will not go to Italy, the set is also fixed, okay, in the set [music] mutation, I can add values ​​inside it, when I add values, what does it say, done element to set, I add values ​​to a set, for example, I said add values, 100 values ​​have been added, okay now this See what kind of table is this set, it is adding values ​​but not replacing any element that is already present, okay, it made a new d and


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is already present, okay, it made a new d and inserted it in the original, it did not do this, it made a copy and gave it and did not do the renaming, okay, after that clear the copy, so you know what difference does difference do, write the difference of two and more sets as a new set, now if I find out the difference of this set, if I find out the difference of this with this set, what will be the difference, MT set came in both, both sets are the same, but there is no difference between


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are the same, but there is no difference between them, MT came, in the same way what is set difference update difference update, I create another set, say B set, okay, inside this this is B set and I say A set do difference update B set, what will this do, it did not even give the output, but what does it mean, it did something directly in the memory, okay, now let's see what did it do with A, did it do with B 579 100 and what happened with B, anything with B It did not happen, what does he do?


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with B It did not happen, what does he do? The things which are common in A and B, what did he do with it and also updated it, difference update definitionWhile studying the nation, remove the element of another set from this set. Okay, what will this do? Remove all the elements of the other set from this set. Okay, right now we will not need it, but you guys can implement it now. Okay, I am not writing which function. The question of coming in old age, shift top, that was the tip of your soap


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old age, shift top, that was the tip of your soap cello, we are going to finish the set. Let me finish it, brother, we are moving towards which function now. Okay, before that, let me tell you that you guys have seven chapters of the crash course book, how many one, two, three, four, six, six, seven chapters, all the exercises, it is a very good thing, all those exercises are given after every topic in a chapter, three, four, three, four questions are given, they are very simple, okay, that's


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are given, they are very simple, okay, that's why I am getting you to do it. You will start writing code and the codes that are written during the topic, if you write them, execute them and try to understand them, then also you will understand many things, but these seven I have to get the work till now of the chapter checked by everyone in the next class. Okay, we are going to study functions now. What are we going to study? Okay, what are functions? Yes, a set of codes which we use again and


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Yes, a set of codes which we use again and again. What are functions? What is the function of sleep? It is sweet. Correct, yes, in every code. Okay, let's assume and see, function is called function. Functionality of something. One is the function of marriage. The function of something. What is the function of this device? The sound should be converted to a slightly higher frequency and delivered to you. What is the function of this bottle? It stores water. Okay, so similarly, what is the


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It stores water. Okay, so similarly, what is the functional function of every thing? We read the functions. We saw the keys of the list. We saw the keys of the dictionary. We saw the keys of the tuple. We saw the keys of the set. Okay, all these functions were readymade. We just kept using them and were happy. Now what should we start doing? Now we start creating our own functions. Okay, so what is a function? The function is also a block of code. Okay, the function is a block of code.


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of code. Okay, the function is a block of code. Executions are acutely called and are executed when called and can be called as manyTimes as and when we wish we can call it as many times as we want. Okay, there are some open functions in Python. This is not the word open function but I have kept it myself so that I can explain. And some of us have class functions. Some of us will create our own functions. User defined functions. This function is called keep quiet. Okay, open functions would


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is called keep quiet. Okay, open functions would have been running directly. Which ones were they to run directly? Like we said print it. This was also a function. Before this, I did not have to tell that you are from the list, you are from the dictionary. You are what, I printed it. And what was the type? Brother, we used the type function. We used the id function. We used the length function. We used the range function. And there was no del function. There was no statement. Yes, there were no


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There was no statement. Yes, there were no functions. We just used this. Okay. If we remember anything, we will add it. We used the help function. Okay. Class functions. We have list functions. Before these, we have to mention the class or type. And string and dictionary tuple sed. Okay, these were all those functions that belonged to some class or some type. Or to use them, It is obvious that we have to refer to that type, later we come to the function, right, then we have our defined


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to the function, right, then we have our defined function, which functions will be there and we will define our function, so how do we define it, there are two parts to our function, one is function definition, okay, and the other is function definition and function, let's do the first work, first we define the function, we use the word de de short form of which define, I am defining a function, say hello, what is the name of this function, say hello and two brackets will be there, the name of


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hello and two brackets will be there, the name of the function is put a colon and from here the body of the function, from here the body of the function, what will it do, whenever we call it, what will it say to us, hello, just this is its body, if I run it like this, no output will come, we both take it back comfortably, let me read it, what tell me what thing, blue, yellow, red, what have you done in this, I have printed it, friend, now by activating it, nothing is happening, output is not


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it, nothing is happening, output is not coming, no aha because we have just written in the beginning, aWhen will it be called, when we call, right, to call, all you have to do is write the name of the function, just write hello, like we write print, then say hello, so what will it do, it will go to hello and it will enter its body and what will this function show to us in the output, now what is the advantage of this, I can call it whenever I want, wherever I want, as many times as I want, it


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wherever I want, as many times as I want, it is my home function, it will call me again and again, it will not do it to me at all, it happens sometimes we have to put a limit on some things that a user can use this thing so many times, so we keep running the count there, but there is no limit on that function and there is a limit on the user's atom, okay because it is clear from the definition itself that define it, define one function, okay, define one function, okay, I understand, some


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define one function, okay, I understand, some modification will have to be done, either redefine the entire function or go inside it and change it, okay, well, let's make some more functions, def now I will create a useful function, the name of this function is sum do y Whose sum will it do, brother it will do the sum of the numbers, let's take the input, inside the function, input enter a number, right, yes, let's type call also, input enter a number, okay now what will it do, it will print,


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number, okay now what will it do, it will print, what should I do brother, sum of sum j and plus, right now I will call this, do the sum, inter number, now as many times as I want to do it, I will keep calling, okay in this bracket, yes in this bracket, let me explain now, first see this, give me a pen, friend, give me a pen, write something on it, okay brother, go ahead in the bracket, it is telling that it will come if we write something, okay, we have a simple function like this, now see, I


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we have a simple function like this, now see, I have written some function here, what to make, right function called display message, prints one sentence telling everyone, you are learning about in this chapter, call the function, make some message display correctly, now what I have, I have a list, okay, in that list, tell me some names, quickly mass mass, first of all mass and it's done, mass and come on, now I have this list, now I am writing f, okay, what did he say, what kind of function to


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okay, what did he say, what kind of function to make this right function is called display message to print one sentence telling everyoneSo what are you learning about in this chapter, you have to tell everyone, write a function in display message, what will be its name, display message and it will tell everyone what you are studying in this chapter, what should I do now, I am not passing the list in display message, if I access it like that, I should apply a for loop from outside, for name in


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should apply a for loop from outside, for name in alist, okay, now what should I do on this, print my friend, I did not feed him, but what are we studying, we are reading a function in Python, okay, the name of the friend will come in the curly bucket, now the question is, yes the question is brother, the body of this function is a closed body, okay, what do we have to do to put an entry inside it, we have to call it, will this function be able to access the list sitting outside it, will this


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to access the list sitting outside it, will this function be able to access the list sitting outside it, now I ran it, there was no accessibility, now I call the function of display message on this and run it, okay, the variables that are created inside the function cannot be accessed outside and are local variables, but if outside the function If it is a variable then we can access it at y. Okay, I am getting the point. Well, this is called write a function called favorite book to accept one


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a function called favorite book to accept one parameter. Okay, now we are talking about parameters. So right now we are not discussing about parameters. Right now we will just keep the function as y. Simple function. Okay, now I am telling you that there is a function for display message but it will send message only to those people whose name starts with A. What do we have to do with this display message function? We have to rewrite it and send message only to those people whose name starts


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message only to those people whose name starts with A. Let's do it quickly. It's a minute. Let's do it. Let's do it. Let's do it. Where did the flame go? Well done. Whoever does it will get leave. Yes, we are lucky to be living in this era. We have a complete function ready. The complete list is ready. I have already told everyone that we are studying Python function. But I am saying that no, I will tell only those people whose name starts with A. No, a little bit or [Music] [Music] no, look


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A. No, a little bit or [Music] [Music] no, look brother, name in list here. But some people are writing whose name should become equal to zeroIf you write it, okay, then what will happen to the capital A, then apply another operator, the zero of this name should be equal to capital A, so that both are covered, okay, this is one thing, number two, this approach is not good, sorry sorry, there is no capital S, so the second thing we have is brother, we have a function inside the string, if name


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we have a function inside the string, if name dot starts with, if the name starts with this and name dot starts with, okay, then remember the functions that are available, brother, remember the functions that are available, okay, tell me, when you get me a job, even then I will write my function myself and will do the task in a week, then don't say to me, friend, what are you doing, you yourself had told me to write your own function, okay, why is the output not coming, brother, if you did not


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is the output not coming, brother, if you did not call, then the display message is okay, which is a built in function, remember it, okay brother, let the rest of the people go after offering Namaaz, what will you do, what are you doing today [Music] what, project second j i


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So the list was a Python collection, it was a Python data structure, of which we have covered almost all the methods. Okay, and making duplicate of list is seen last. We had learned about making copies, shallow copy and deep copy. Does anyone remember what was the difference between the two? Yes, what was the difference between the two? Yes, a separate copy is made and a reference is created in the shallow one. What happens to it? What is its advantage or disadvantage? If we insert it in the new


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or disadvantage? If we insert it in the new copy, then it will be reflected in the entire shallow copy. Yes, if not, if we make any modification in any of the two, it will be reflected in each shallow copy. Okay, today we are going to study the second structure, but let's first study this. The second Python collection that we have is called a dictionary. What is a dictionary? Everyone must have used a dictionary at some time or the other. Re Python data structure, right, and it is written on


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data structure, right, and it is written on the value of the index. What is it made of? There is no indexing in the value of the index. It is movable. List is also movable. In this way, dictionary is also movable. It is a mote force, okay and it is a widely used data structure, how is it created, to create it we use curly brackets and the value pair inside it, what was the identity of the curly brackets list, what is the identity of the curly brackets list, curly brackets with key value, curly


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list, curly brackets with key value, curly brackets with key value, I write 'y', I am deliberately writing curly brackets with key value pair, there is a reason for this, which I will tell you later, now here I create a dictionary, okay, I am creating a dictionary, how is it created, I write any name, I wrote here brother yes, what should I name it, I say student one, okay, put curly brackets, like I was making a list, now student one, what will be its roll number, okay, no, you can give it


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be its roll number, okay, no, you can give it here, you can give it here, it is a space string, put a colon and wrote the roll number, then what should I write inside this dictionary, I wrote one key and one its value on their side, only one item not two, how many items are there, one item one item is this There are two things in one item one is key and one is value now I put a comma on yAnd I said what will be the name of the student, colon what name should be kept, its mass is also okay and


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name should be kept, its mass is also okay and this student will also have a course, colon which course brother, okay and then what else will happen, this student will also have an age, okay, what is the age of the student, yes 15 years and it will also have an email id, like that I am adding the value par, so our work is done mass @ m.com I have created this dictionary, now what is the length of this dictionary inside it, one to four f, if I want to know the length of this dictionary, then to


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to know the length of this dictionary, then to find out first I will see that now if I check its type, type of student one, what will it show me, like when I check the type in the list, what will the list show, if I print it, it will be clearly written that it is a class dictionary, okay it belongs to class dictionary, right, its class was list, string, engine, fruit, bolion and all the entities that we have just read, they were their classes, so behind this also there is a class and when a


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so behind this also there is a class and when a class is present, what are present, functions, methods, everything This is Python for Data Science today is basically the first day after Eid for students so we called them after having dinner, okay so type so brother take care of the time friend will come a little early so we will keep the address outside 15 minutes in advance, right type student one class dictionary next, okay, the second thing we were talking about was the length of length, I


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we were talking about was the length of length, I had also said in the previous class that length is an open function, I can use it directly for that there is no need to tell him the name of the dictionary, that is, I said here tell the length, tell the length of student one, what did we used to write earlier, dictionary dot dot opens the function, no this is not that one, the function inside the dictionary, this is an open function like print length type these can be used directly anywhere, so


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type these can be used directly anywhere, so I did this, he said five length was coming, it was five only, one two three four pa yes, okay right now I should print it properly to whom student one, so what does it show me, it is showing me like this that the value pairs, this is the thing about how do we create a dictionaryThese are the keys that we apply for value pairs. Now here some questions arise while creating the keys that what type of values ​​can be created, what type of values ​​can be


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​​can be created, what type of values ​​can be created, means that in what format have I kept all the keys that I have created, what is the format, what is the type, string name, string course, string age, string email, string and when I have kept the value, here there is an integer value, here there is an integer value, all the other values ​​are string values. So look, the value can be anything, boolean flood, integer can be anything, it can also be a string list. There is a limitation there


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be a string list. There is a limitation there that it can only be that which is imulable, that is, a string is also imulable, a string is an itel, it cannot be changed, it makes a copy, it does not change itself, so it can be created, okay, integer is imulable, it is an integer table, write any number 100, now let me say that instead of 100, put zero. Put one, make it new, it cannot happen, then even an integer key can be created, okay, I will add this, I will create a key of a new number here,


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this, I will create a key of a new number here, like I say, whose number is it, police helpline, then it will be created absolutely fine, there is no issue, and if the police helpline comes on this, then an integer key can be created, a string key can be created, right, there is more detail in this, but right now I will not go into that detail, we will discuss it when the time comes because other domains related to that would be opened, then we will move away from our basic thing, that is why I


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move away from our basic thing, that is why I am stopping it right now, just remember this much, even an integer key can be created and a string key can be created, so all the values ​​​​of the seven words which are our duplicates, now their question is very good that can a key be duplicated, that when you insert a duplicate, it will not stop you, but when you run the duplicate, it will do the same thing, what will it do to the old one, it will overwrite the old one. Like I do here, I said


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overwrite the old one. Like I do here, I said understand the comma, I said which comma is this brother the roll number is already present isn't it 4321, I would have entered another roll number of thishm tooth 4 okay now I activated it it didn't say anything it didn't say anything it didn't say anything I checked the type and happily told the length it was also telling how much length it was actually 7 it looks but what did it do when I activated it it replaced the roll number with tooth f it


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it it replaced the roll number with tooth f it overwrote the value of 43 so you can put a duplicate but what will it do to the old value it will delete it and put a new value can the values ​​be duplicated that is not an issue at all okay all the values ​​the real issue is with the key that if you give it a duplicate then it will overwrite okay it will overwrite the value will be remembered or write all the keys cannot be packet if you try to make a duplicate key with some new value it will


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make a duplicate key with some new value it will override the previous one will be overridden okay did you understand how the dictionary will be created next key accessing data from dictionary how to access data from dictionary the first thing I said there is no index data is accessed via its It will happen with the help of Okay, now we have a student, Student One, if someone asks me what is his name, then how will I access it? I will write the name of the student by putting brackets. Like, we


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name of the student by putting brackets. Like, we had given the index by putting brackets inside the list. What will we do here? Which brackets will we use? Square brackets. I had said in the beginning itself that if we have to extract data from any collection, then we should use square brackets. Don't get confused, we were using square brackets in the list as well and we will use square brackets in the dictionary. No, no, only square brackets will be used everywhere for data access. What is


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will be used everywhere for data access. What is the name of Student One? What is the mass? Okay, this is a more reliable format, isn't it? Because we don't know what is the value at which index inside the list. Okay, if we want to access this index, then first we should know what is at that index. Now at least if I get to know the keys, then I can access the value with the help of keys. Okay, and if we want to get any value, what is the name of Student One? What is his age? Or what is its


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of Student One? What is his age? Or what is its value? The integer that you have kept here is also an integer.You will pass it and the string that you have kept, you will pass the string, are you understanding, yes, yes, you can take it from user input, now let's work directly, let's write a big code, ok, let's move ahead, if someone is not able to understand then he should tell me, the issue will not be resolved by sitting quietly, there is no reason for this, if the Python people said that


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reason for this, if the Python people said that you have to put square brackets, then don't put them, okay, yes ask, okay, if you feed the same data in the list, it will be like this, see, I will create student two, but this is the list, what have I kept first, roll number 4321, what is the second value, brother's name, what is the third value, yes, course, what is the fourth value, and what is after that, email and police helpline, that's it, okay, now tell me what is this 4321, how can you


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okay, now tell me what is this 4321, how can you say, from whom will you get the roll number, you will ask by calling, whose name is this, the teacher's name, the student's name, whose name is this, what is this 15, how do you know, he is saying, he is saying no, it is a 15-hour course, no, it is a 15-day course, I am saying otherwise there would have been a police helpline brother the question is that this is not descriptive or not this is descriptive or not every thing is written with you


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or not every thing is written with you which thing is what, so it is easy to understand, isn't it and if I had to tell you that brother come on get it go get his email address, okay now there are seven values ​​in this list if there were 7000 values ​​in this list then we would have searched for each value one by one email email email email email email and would have found 6999 then write on index 6999 then again email would come up, okay what happens with this it does not mean that the list


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happens with this it does not mean that the list has become useless list has its own use cases, how is it used, okay I am stopping the recording and coming back so we have seen that why are we preferring dictionary over list, what is it, it is descriptive and with the help of value and key the work is done well, so then do not think that a list is good or bad or a list is good or a list is bad It doesn't happen, everyone has their own use cases, their own limitations and advantages, yes, I


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their own limitations and advantages, yes, I started recording, well, now that's itFor all the work I already have a dictionary, to add new members in it, let's first see what methods are there in the dictionary of student one, clear copy get item keys pop pop item a default update values, well first of all I am writing here, sorry I am writing here that getting all the keys of the dictionary, I just want to know what all is there in the dictionary, so for that I have a method dot keys what is


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so for that I have a method dot keys what is the method, what will it return for me, it will return all the keys, it will return the roll number, name key, course key, age key, email and key right and what is its type, not a list, its type key is its own object, similarly student no dot value what will it return for me, it will return all the values, separate the different keys and separate the values, there is no need to understand it, thirdly we have a method student word items, the item is a


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have a method student word items, the item is a combine of key and value pair, so when I run the item, it says what is the first item, roll number, that is, it has made a pair of both of them and kept it like this, okay course Python Judge 15 Email Mass Mass 15 Police Helpline Let us give three methods. See, which keys, values ​​and items? Keys, values ​​and items. Okay, now here I am writing, brother, adding a new key value pair in an assisting dictionary. To insert a new key value pair inside


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dictionary. To insert a new key value pair inside an assisting dictionary, do nothing. First of all, let me show which dictionary we have. This dictionary is roll number, name, code, now here I say student one and by putting square brackets, I will create a new key here. Should I create a new key, gender, and and I will assign a new value inside it, male, okay. So when I execute this, you will see that this new key will be added inside this dictionary, right student, okay, so we can add a new


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right student, okay, so we can add a new member like this. Keep creating new keys inside an assisting dictionary and keep executing. When did I say that it is a mote force, it is not a mote force, it does not change, it happens in the mote force, okay? Student. No dot we see any method that adds value which method of update which method is the method of update first of all i will discuss itLet me write the encryption above. Okay, it works like the extend method of list. It works like the extend


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extend method of list. It works like the extend method of list. First, I do one thing. First, I have another dictionary. Its name is sibling. I put it in siblings. What should I write, brother? What is the name of my cousin? What is the name of your cousin? Huzaifa. And how old is he? Brother, yes, okay, where does he live? He lives in Dhora ji. Okay. I have put the location here. Okay. Now, look, I have a dictionary and I want to put this sibling data in student one. So, what should I do?


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data in student one. So, what should I do? Should I create a student one and sibling one and what should I put inside it? This data of siblings, I am trying to put in student one. What am I trying to do? I want to add this data in this dictionary as well. Like, when I was putting a list in a list, when I executed it, it said student one, name sibling, no siblings. It did not execute. I did not create it in memory, okay, now it will be fine, now what did it do, it picked up the entire dictionary


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did it do, it picked up the entire dictionary of siblings and placed it, just like it was happening in the list, when I used to append the list, it picked up the entire list and placed it, I remembered, then what solution did we find for it, what did the extend method do, it used to take out each item and place it, I remembered, now who will do the same work for us, the update method will do whose update method, the update method of the dictionary, before that I delete the sibling key, there


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before that I delete the sibling key, there will be doubling, I went back up here, what did I say, delete will also come, student one, which key is sibling, I will run it, I went and I told update again, what do you do, brother add the sibling, okay, now go and check, student one and see, the cousin Ufa location is working exactly like an extend, each element is taking out one item from the other and placing it there, did you understand or tell me something friend, okay, so see the way to add,


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me something friend, okay, so see the way to add, if you want to add a single item, then I directly add one item. that I will create a dictionary with the name and assign the new value to it, ok and if there are manyThat the value pairs are lying somewhere and I want to get it one by one, so I want to put the extend as group as a collection, so directly create it and throw it, okay I deleted it inside student one, I did that, there are more ways of deleting, in that way we have pop and what is


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of deleting, in that way we have pop and what is pop item, okay and there is also a get method, the get method does exactly the same thing, the get method does exactly the same thing as this one, student one, both are the same thing, I told him to get the value of the name from student one, I told him to get the value of the name from student one, both are similar, the same answer will come, okay both are similar, okay both are similar, in the same way, now the same thing, removing items from


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same way, now the same thing, removing items from dictionary, or removing items from dictionary, so it means removing an item from the dictionary, when I am saying item, it means the value pair of both together, okay because if I remove it, then what will happen to that value, and if I say removing values So what will happen to the key, so that's why I am using the word item to remove the item and from whichever of the key values ​​it may be removed but the entire pair will be removed, not


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removed but the entire pair will be removed, not half, the value that has been removed is the remaining value, not the entire pair will be removed, so for that we have seen del, just now I did del above, I saw that there is del and pop and pop item, we have two methods, three methods to remove it, so what do we do here, student one dot, I took pop here, now what does pop do in the pop list, it used to remove the last item and if I write any index myself, then it removes that index, this is the


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myself, then it removes that index, this is the method of pop, but from where is it coming, it is coming from re, what is its functionality, Chuck says brother dictionary dot pop, what does it do, it removes the value from the value, removes the specified key and returns the correspondingly, he is saying that what should pop do, what should pop do, what should pop do, because the index, so It doesn't happen that he picks up the last one, in the dictionary there is no thing first, last or


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the dictionary there is no thing first, last or second, every thing is identified by its key, right, so now IWhat do I have to write here or I will pass any key and what should I write and what did the pop do in the list, the one who removed it also used to give it, you see, this also does the same thing, you said 15, he told me, I removed this value of 15, if you want to store it then do it and if you don't do it then it just went in the air, right, it's a simple thing, anyone else also does


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right, it's a simple thing, anyone else also does pop student n dot pop, which key will I take now, take the location, thank you, location, I have removed this dora ji, let's see whether the removal is happening or not, okay, the police self line also came out, the value and the dora also came out, it is working exactly like that, but the key is needed here, okay student n dot pop item pop item, what does it do, remove and write key pair s tuple, now leave the tuple, it just removes and gives


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now leave the tuple, it just removes and gives it, it also returns, you see, hold this, what does it do to the whole item, the whole item, but it did not do this I told you which item, so many there, okay, it is not written anywhere last, it will remove any item on its own will, ah, you will run it again and again, if the last one is coming, then don't think, it will always be the last one, it is its will, run the last one 100 times, 100 times, but still it is not saying to nil the last 10


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but still it is not saying to nil the last 10 times, then your logic will go wrong, okay, that is why any key value pair can be picked up from anywhere and removed from the diary, right, it is written remove and write a pair, it will create a pair, which one, I did not tell you, okay yes, all use, brother, do not write it uselessly like this, look, I was just thinking, you also asked that question, I updated it to see below, this, pairs are written in leaf door last in first aa then the last


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in leaf door last in first aa then the last ones, okay, there is nothing in the last key, okay, so who is going to go in the pop item, yes, your cousin also went, okay, but what happened this time, he did The value pair has been returned completely, right, you will remember [music] see the difference, every function has some dosage and this is that I don't eat anything, I am an MT, I work on an empty stomach, if you write it, it will cause poisoning, it will make you vomit, look here, this one


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it will make you vomit, look here, this one is Pop, what is its dosage, so here we have provided itAnd nothing is coming in its dose, it will work directly, okay, student one dot has been updated, the pop pop item's items will be copied from the copy, its deep copy will be made, okay, how will it be made, and if I directly sign in any diary, student one equals student two, then what kind of copy will it be, it will be a shallow copy, it will be a shallow copy, what will it do clear brother,


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be a shallow copy, what will it do clear brother, white wash will blow away everything, yes, it will give an empty dictionary, what will the bracket do, MT dictionary, okay, set default and there is a method from keys, okay, leave it, you won't understand this right now and we won't even need it, now see, we have seen all the methods of this diary, ah, the method which we are studying, basically we should know this, but this is not something very logical, you should also do it, but by using all


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logical, you should also do it, but by using all these methods, in the list of lists, we will form big logics and codes, they will be used, at that time I will ask you, ah, tell me what should be done from the dictionary or what should be done from the list, what should be done, okay So we have seen the dictionary and the list, these two things, we have tried to make both the collections very simple to read, right? There is no issue, are you able to understand it, right? Now when some new


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able to understand it, right? Now when some new people came, before them we had read the conditional statements, control flows, if false, etc., okay. Then their turn came again, I said I am holding it for now, we will read it later, so it's a good time now, let's start reading the if else again, okay, brother what were the conditional statements, yes, say something, yes, what was it, setting the direction of the code on the basis of the condition, if this happens then run it, if this happens


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if this happens then run it, if this happens then run it, okay and those who are reading it for the first time, it will feel a little strange to them, but they will be okay in a while, they will get used to it, there is no issue, if you have any questions, do ask, if you are not able to understand this, or we have read the conditionals here before, okay, so let's start from here. What we have is control flow statements, conditional statements which we use to implement our logicLet's create f,


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we use to implement our logicLet's create f, we have and if there is if else and there is elif as well. Okay, so the first thing we are doing is we are asking the user as, how do we ask him to take input. Okay, how many people have not read about taking input, everyone else has read about it. Okay, so brother, what happens is that right now we are writing the value ourselves, right? I said how much is it, you said I am writing it as per my wish, I am writing it as per my wish, but I want that


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I am writing it as per my wish, but I want that the program should communicate, what should it do, talk to the user, the user should be able to say his thing, he should be able to input the value from outside, so we use the function of input, like we saw the function of print, length type id, we already have a function, the function of input is the function of list, the directory, the rounder is open, it does not need any class to go inside it by putting a dot and the function u write open


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it by putting a dot and the function u write open function directly, I will input it, see, then it asks for our input, give some input, I wrote hello, it made it show hello, now what did I start doing, I started doing this. Give input but at the same time he started saying what input do you want to give, yes tell me, okay now what will be written, tell me how much is j, 23, okay now y has come, y I have not stored it, now what am I going to do in the next line, what input do I ask now, please


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in the next line, what input do I ask now, please tell me your j, when j tells me, I will assign j inside a variable, okay, as soon as y comes, I will pick it up and keep the type here, I will keep it in the variable j and at the end he said print the age and he said brother please tell me your age, I said yes 500 years, okay he printed how many 500, I understand the thing about taking input is simple, well one special thing here is that whatever input I am taking, I have fed the number, what


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input I am taking, I have fed the number, what have I fed, I have fed the number, but how has it shown me, it showed me the string, whenever we take input from the user, whether he enters a number or he enters characters, what is their type, it is a string only, so whenever you are expecting that I have to take any number input from the user, then you will have to convert it into a number yourself, that is, its type will have to be changed, so when the input If it comes then I put another


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so when the input If it comes then I put another bracket on both sides andHe said what should I do first by converting it into fruit now what will happen as soon as I give the input, first that type will be converted into fruit and then after that it will go inside which it will be like this tell me 34 so here he showed it, I can also give this complete statement or we ask him the date of birth, then tell him please tell me what do you say brother birth year okay and I will give it a name okay


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birth year okay and I will give it a name okay and what do I write here you are dear now what do we do in this remember we put F and what will we do in between brother today is minus his birth year we will write it here so after subtracting the birth year from 204 it will show you come on now please tell me my birth year yes brother when was he born 2000 2008 so how old are you brother you are 16 years old are you understanding should I remove F what to do I am not able to believe yes I removed


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what to do I am not able to believe yes I removed F see as soon as I remove A will observe yourself it will become completely red now what is he understanding it it is a complete string What ever written in it I may be treated as a string like this I said what is the year of birth sir 1947 okay so he printed it as it is by applying f he gets to know that this is a formatted string and where the curly bracket is coming the values ​​will be calculated there or will come from somewhere else this


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there or will come from somewhere else this is a place holder what is this place holder so from how does he get to know this he gets to know this only by applying f right so now if he says that I was born in 1947 then now he is 77 years old okay good brother so what do I do now now I will ask the age simple I said type cast it from float write the input inside the input please tell me your age it will tell your age now what am I saying I have started talking in simple if this statement if


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started talking in simple if this statement if whatever j is entered is greater than or equal to 60 6 then this condition is done in response to this what will come in the result true or false if he entered 65 then 65 is greater than equal 60 true so what to do in case it is true, I put a colon and pressed enter this became its body what to write here bha you are a senior citizen okay you are a senior citizen now I will execute this please tell me your age said bhaiya I am 67 years oldOkay, so


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me your age said bhaiya I am 67 years oldOkay, so this condition is becoming true, yes, in case of it becoming true, what is written, it will come, you are a senior citizen, but if it goes 56, then what will be the condition, 56 greater than equal to 60, no false, in case of it becoming false, it will not enter this body, then where will it go? We have not told anything yet, we have just defined something ahead, it just sat down, there is no instruction ahead, ok, are you understanding, now I


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ahead, ok, are you understanding, now I will copy this and write here, if the age is more than 60, then senior citizen, otherwise what are we telling you, if this goes wrong, then immediately come to where, come to me, so what are we saying, what will happen, if you are not a senior citizen, then you are a junior citizen, that's right, senior junior, right now you are a junior citizen, now you say that we are 40 years old, then from where will the program run, it is taking input, as soon as the


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program run, it is taking input, as soon as the input comes, it will test the condition, this condition will become false, it will not go to its body, otherwise it will come to Foreign what else will it print you are a junior citizen and if that condition becomes true you are a senior citizen now there are two directions if it becomes true then go in this direction if it becomes false then it is clear to go in this direction now quickly show me the work ask someone his salary if his salary how


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the work ask someone his salary if his salary how much should his salary be how much should be the salary to be a rich man yes it should be 5 lakhs right if the salary is more than 5 lakhs then he is a rich man otherwise show me by writing some code well done b more you have to do what do you have to do ok brother everyone has written it ok brother so now I am writing a senior here ask user j or any gender if the user is male okay if the user is male then allow login to portal okay if the user


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male then allow login to portal okay if the user is female then allow login to portal fee okay what do you want to ask gender if the gender of the user is male then what message will you give you are allowed to login to portal and if it is female then what will you say pay the portal fee first yes you do two things yaar Do whatever your heart desires, go inside the brackets and press shift tab, shift tab, well done, quickly what to do is written in front [music], look, I have to take input from


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in front [music], look, I have to take input from the user, tell me your gender, I will zoom and if input comes in the genderIf it is male then what will we say to it, you are allowed to log in to the portal, you are allowed to log in to the portal and if it is female then what will we say to it, pay the portal fee, first to log in to the portal, write whatever message, okay and the people who are working on the copy, they should take care of upper case, lower case capital is, okay, not even


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upper case, lower case capital is, okay, not even while writing, like creating a variable somewhere, salary written with capital S, but printing with small S, then there will be an error but there will be no error in the copy, take care yourself, ji ji said this is the reason why I gave you the work here, it's done, everyone did it, it's simple, friend, it wasn't any rocket science, it's done, brother what all we had to do, we had to ask the gender, input from the user, please enter your


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gender, input from the user, please enter your gender, now as soon as we receive the gender, what will we write, if the gender which is equal to male, then what did we have to say, print you are allowed to log in to the folder and if the gender is not equal to male, then that means otherwise print please the portal fee login, okay A now should I enter the gender, yes, enter the mail, will it come out? Why will it come out? Error will not come. When I entered the mail, still it is saying to do


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When I entered the mail, still it is saying to do it on the portal, why is the condition not becoming true, why is it not becoming true, because here I have written mail in small and I am giving the input mail in capital, so both of them are not matching, when they are not matching, then definitely this one will work, so what is the solution for this, this will come out as an issue, so what will we do in this case, in this case, when we take the input, we will convert it to the case


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we take the input, we will convert it to the case immediately, why will we do it to lower, because what have I written here in comparison, take whatever you have written to check, we will write the same, if you have written in capital here, then what will you have to do, you will have to do it in capital or upper case here, ok brother, okay, now I have done it, now I have written it here, in this way, now it will first be converted to the case, to lower, then it will go to gender, so what will


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to lower, then it will go to gender, so what will these two things become, they will become equal, do you understand, now when I run it from here, it says you are allowed to log in, aja Then a problem arose, now I said brother what is your gender, I said should I send the mail, you are also asking for moneyWhy is he asking for money brother because when I typed the mail, I had put an extra space here which you can see, look it has turned blue, the space was not there then what should I do to


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the space was not there then what should I do to treat it now you are remembering the function, what does it do, put the strip, what does it do, it puts spaces on both sides, it finishes it, okay so now if I write mail and put such long spaces then there is no tension, okay there is no tension, it will be allowed because it will finish first and then it will be raised here, here I also say you, you are a gender so that what is written is also visible, you are gender allowed to login to the


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visible, you are gender allowed to login to the portal and if I put you are gender here also, now what is written will also be visible, I said brother mail you are male allowed to login to the portal and female you are female please pay the portal fee, I understood the point, the use of lower and the use of strip now, did you understand how we would be using those functions in different logics, well done, let's complete it quickly, let's go ahead, everyone has done it, who hasn't Everyone


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ahead, everyone has done it, who hasn't Everyone understood, okay, brother, now here I am making a list of users and what user ID am I making, user ID, what should be the user ID, tell me any user ID, tell me your name, Yasir Pappu, yes and you tell Mudassir Tiger, this is how the ID is, friend, and you tell Aamir, Aamir Python, and you tell Babar, Babar Konda, and tell me your name, do I have your Talhatu ID, if I want to find out in a list whether someone is there or not, there are many ways


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someone is there or not, there are many ways for that, we have a basic way, in operator, okay, what is in, so here I can say Yasir Pappu, right, Yasir Pappu, if this user ID is there, then what will happen, true, otherwise fus, now what am I going to do with it, now what am I going to do with it, what am I going to ask the user from here, I am going to ask for the user ID, I am going to take the input, input please enter your user ID, okay, when the user ID comes, then I will go and first check


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the user ID comes, then I will go and first check whether we have the user ID or not, if it is there, then we will say log in, and if it is not there, then not registered The user will give some message now what should I write, see the user ID will come if the user ID that has come is currentThe user ID is inside which in our list of registered users, whatever name the user ID of the registered users is, if it is present, what will I say to it, print log in with user ID, user ID is okay and if


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print log in with user ID, user ID is okay and if it is not present in our list and our user is not there at all, then what will we say, print what will we say brother, invalid user ID, user ID is okay, I understand, right now it is not asking for password etc., now we are doing simple work, let's do simple work, please enter your user ID, I said my user ID is this, what will it say, an invalid user ID, this is ok, please enter your user ID, my user ID is this, logged in with user ID, okay, so


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user ID is this, logged in with user ID, okay, so what did I use, I searched from within the list whether that user is present or not, ask, come to me, I have come, I understood, what cannot be done, it is an easy task, you can do it quickly in a minute or what will you do brother, how should I write the length of the name, what if the name is greater than 15, what will we say Walekum Assalam, okay, I have put my name, small name, should I put any long name, big name, okay, we have said in the


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long name, big name, okay, we have said in the conditions that more than 15 and less than 15, so it will not come in the more category nor in the less category, it has been said more, if it will be 15, then 15 is not more, you can put equal to, here you should put either of them, it is 15 or more than 15, it will come, okay, like this I


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Okay, I have taken a data set, what is there in ad budget and sold CSV, let me share it with you guys in the data set Air Force Share P. Okay, so let's load it and see what comes out and what we can do inside it. [Music] Okay, I have put this, I am taking a new file, Advertising Budget and Sales CSV. And someone please tell me the date number, there is no laptop, it is sitting with its hand on it, should I put it here as well, why is it not working, where did it go now, first of all I brought


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where did it go now, first of all I brought the laptop, I used it earlier, now it is not being used, what has happened, is it going on, what is the date today 21 20, okay, now look, the recording is going on, my child, look, first of all we have to load the data, right? Import, I am keeping one more thing here on Air Force Share P. Okay, that is, dim the lights, friend, in front, brother is feeling sleepy, I have kept a small PDF, this is just like a cheat sheet, our work will be done quickly,


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a cheat sheet, our work will be done quickly, okay, so import Panda as PD, first import This is what we need right now for data, I will say read dot read excel tha ss okay what was the name brother advertise budget and sold ss write what all has to be done same tadt shape what shape is it brother so there are 200 records just how many records data dot hand I can see 10 records one why this column without name is coming because column column must have been added there add column number in this


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have been added there add column number in this budget file we have index works like that so I can delete it from here or drop it from there also you know save it okay [music] if I load it again then it will not come okay now there are four columns TV dp spent so many dollars radio dp spent so many dollars spent in newspaper so sales were of so many dollars okay now understand what did we have in the previous case what was x what was yes x what did we have height and what did we take weight so


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did we have height and what did we take weight so now see our input was x and the output is okay input value and output how many features do we have in input there is one feature But in the data set that we have taken now, we will have three features in the input and we will show how many sales will be generated by spending how much moneyIf it is happening then how many features will we have, xv xt and x and our target will be salva. Okay, okay, when we had a single feature, we used to make an


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when we had a single feature, we used to make an equation and apply equation and just write down the value of the value. But how many features do we have? What will be the equation? What will be the xv plus a2 x pa a3 and x and then finally c or b. Okay, so we had one variable, so I told you what is it called, simple linear regression, when it becomes more variable, what is it called, multiple linear will be linear, okay, it will be linear like this. Now we have loaded the data and checked the


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this. Now we have loaded the data and checked the quality of the data, remember all this, bhal g dot sam, so we do not have any missing data, dot sam is duplicated, dot sam is not duplicated, there is no right docket and there is no missing, we do not check more, this much is enough for us. Now when I have the data, what is the first step? My step I have loaded it, that is our primary stage, what do I have to do in step one for machine learning, I will also write this, step one what are we


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I will also write this, step one what are we doing, what is machine learning step, this step one for machine learning, what should I do, what should I do, should I separate the input and output, brother, should I separate the input variable and the output variable, is it like this or not, I will separate one and separate y, we did the same before also when we had the data loaded, what did we do, brother, after loading the data here, brother, what did we do, brother, we separated x and separated


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did we do, brother, we separated x and separated wa, okay, our x is different and wa is different, this is ours, we dropped the rest of the columns, what will be left is x and the weight is our y, aqua, what do we do, we will separate them, okay, look, we are taking the class now, right, you are also understanding the point, but if you don't do it after going home or don't bring your laptop, don't work together here, then the same thing will happen which is happening with you people right now,


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which is happening with you people right now, what did we study in the last class, absolutely zero. No one knows, I am telling you literally, then in the next class it will happen to you again like this friend, what did we do before, we broke the stickHow was it selected, what happened, I don't know what is the reason for it, and the block came, no one even touched it, so let's do it again, we will separate the input and output, so now what will happen to my X, X is my this column, this column


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happen to my X, X is my this column, this column and this column, what should I do to select this from the data, what would I do, select this column, this column, this column, what would be the easier way than this, if I say drop this column from the data, that one and whatever is left, this work is easier, what should I do, I say to the data, data dot drop, what do I have to drop in the drop, what should I tell him, who would tell him its name, sales dollar, okay, drop it from within the data,


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sales dollar, okay, drop it from within the data, okay, what do I do, drop it from the dollar and now this will be dropped, the rest will happen to the X, now what will happen in the tax, it is much easier, quickly, I can write the name of the pen, what should I do to get it selected, data dot, I just give the name of this column, this is my data, select this column and come. Okay, this is x and that step one for machine learning. The rest of the steps of pre-processing and data loading are


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the steps of pre-processing and data loading are separate, that's why I have written this as machine learning. Okay, step two what will happen now when the data is separated like this, then what do we have to do in training and testing? Splitting the data into training and testing sets. Okay, split the data for training. What should I do for this now? I said if you don't remember, then I have sent you this small file here. What will you do with it, brother, I will search by typing split. Then


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it, brother, I will search by typing split. Then this came to me. The code from the l model is coming. This is this. Select this set. I wrote this, okay, don't make any changes. Everyone knows, we have studied in the previous class. What will we get in the written form? Four values ​​will come. To break x, it means to break. Okay, so four values ​​will be created in the written form. Training testing. Okay, just run this and our work will be done. If we can do it manually, now see, inside this


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If we can do it manually, now see, inside this it has not asked how much to keep in training and how much to keep in testing. So for this We can tell what the value is by pressing shift tabWhat is called test size? So here I write that brother what would be the test size? How much should I put the test underscore size? There are 200 records. The data is very less. Still we give 30 percent. 30. Okay, who was asking? In the previous class, I was asking the most questions on this topic. And then I


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the most questions on this topic. And then I left the topic. Look, I had taught random state that when the seed gets fixed. So now I have seen the test size as well. So now if I check how much data would be there in this action, 200 records on 70, how much would it be, 70 on 100, 70 on 70 would become 70. Okay, if I check it with this shape, you will get to know how many records and in this way, if I check with the shape of the test, I am confirming, there is no need. Okay, now what is the next


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there is no need. Okay, now what is the next step to do? What is there to do in step number one? Model selection. What is there to do? Model selection. Now, which model am I going to apply? Sitting here, first of all, we have to think that what is the problem? So here this regression is a regression problem or a classification problem what is it brother this is a regression problem because the thing we have to predict is not a name or class but we have to predict the number, the value is the


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we have to predict the number, the value is the problem and this is a regression problem, okay it is like this so for regression we will apply regression, which is the multiple regression, which regression algorithm if I see the list of regression algorithms then it is linear support vector regression, method, numerical regression, elastic regression, logistic regression, which one we don't know which one to apply, all are performing regression but when we get a task, we first apply an


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but when we get a task, we first apply an algorithm and see how our results are coming, if they are not good then we apply another regression, then apply the third, how long will we keep doing it till we cannot reach our desired result, desired accuracy, when we reach there then we will say this one yaar It is working well now the issue is that if the accuracy is not coming out right what is Atif thinking, by showing which eye I am teaching here so I have put him on the project, I have kept two


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so I have put him on the project, I have kept two guys busy here what were you talking about, I am not asking him then if the accuracyIf the regression is not coming out correctly, then we may have to make changes in the data as well. We will have to investigate every aspect of the data to see what all we can do. Some things do not happen with the data on our own, the data needs to be normalized, the data needs to be scanned, the data needs to be flattened, scaling needs to be done. So we will


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flattened, scaling needs to be done. So we will get into everything. If all these things are not happening with the model, the second model, the third model, the fourth model, then somewhere or the other our result comes out to be the same. What am I doing now, when I go for model selection, I come back here and what is the model selection, trend test split, what do I have to do, I write regression in the model selection. Well, for regression we have a model, the linear regression model. We can


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have a model, the linear regression model. We can also apply support vector regression. We have also seen ridge regression, ridge regression, what are we applying now? We have kept simple linear regression so that we do not have to search for it, we do not have to remember it. Sak no, which one do I have to go in this, then extract it from there, okay, which model have I selected, linear regression, created an object of this model, what is its name, now I will name it, what name should I keep,


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now I will name it, what name should I keep, brother LR linear, okay, my model has been selected, extract the question, okay now what do I have to do in the next step, what do I have to do with the model in step four, train the model, train the model, what do we have to do for that, linear regression dot fit and what all things do we need in fit, x and that means input and out lane, if we are training, then what input will we give, training input and training output, okay, x train and here it


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and training output, okay, x train and here it gives x under train, earn under score, x train or train, I ran it, what happened, it got fitted, okay, when it got fitted, it would have extracted the best line, but now you have to understand one thing, when I had only two values, then I was easily plotting them and seeing the best line in them, now I have three features, which There are features like TV ads, radio ads and newspapers.And this is TV, radio and newspaper and what is with it is


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is TV, radio and newspaper and what is with it is sales. Now how do I plot all three? I can plot sales of this or this or this. Okay, now how many dimensions do I have? Vector has become three dimension which is the record of data. So if I want to see the plot, then I will see different plots of cells with this, cells with this and cells with this. Okay, as we have learnt, to plot, we import the library and import the plot. Although we do not need the plot right now, but still it is okay. Here


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the plot right now, but still it is okay. Here I say, what do we do? Do a pair plot. Do a pair plot of which column. Do a pair plot of the data. Now see, the pair plot is showing us all the plotting of each column with each column, that is, the plotting of TV budget is coming with which column. I make it small a little so that it looks full. From that, we will get to know the relation, which one is coming more related to which. TV budget of this column. All those who come out with themselves, I


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column. All those who come out with themselves, I had told you how much the correlation is, one comes, didn't you read in the previous class, if you calculate the correlation of height with height and weight with weight, it will come out to be 100%, so they come in diagonal, the one who draws it with himself, plots are made outside of that, now we are seeing TV D with whom, how is the radio ad coming with the budget, was there any suggestion, draw a line, what is the benefit of doing all the


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draw a line, what is the benefit of doing all the points, what happened, I am big, then TV D is coming with newspaper D, its condition is also like this, I don't see any relationship, I should also find the value of the correlation, it will come out to be very low and I can find out the relation between TV D and sales, so what is coming, it is coming more, well now we have to find between what we have to find wa and xv wa and xt wa and x3, now this is our sales, I am seeing its relation with


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this is our sales, I am seeing its relation with whom sales is coming with TV ad, sales with radio, what happened by going a little down, what happened, what happened But he is giving something or the other to this stud and it will show him again and again with itself, so basically we have to see the target, whose target is it with every feature, target with itGet what do we do anyway we should find out the data dot collation what is it telling us about TV D with TV D we need the sales of TV D


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us about TV D with TV D we need the sales of TV D how much is coming with TV D means these two graphs which are coming are okay okay and we need the sales of radio 57 a little discarded it has fallen because of this but most of the point is showing and the sales with newspaper is very less it is also visible we can also see and how much is it with this 100% so overall all these three features are impacting the sales it is positive it is like brother if we are increasing the TV D budget then the


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if we are increasing the TV D budget then the sales are increasing it is increasing well and the radio budget is also increasing and the sales from newspaper D are also increasing it is less but if the budget was zero then what would we do by dropping it okay then it would be showing positive and the P is almost three we know okay it means the column I have done our work on this or when should I do it or I should have done it here when I am selecting X because if I thought that this column is


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X because if I thought that this column is useless and I should not keep it in X, then I would have dropped it beforehand and would not have included it in X. What should I have done, I should have done this first. So I should move it and take it to the top. What do I do here? Well, I have taken this random data set. I have not worked on this before. So, any result can come and anything can happen. So we must be ready for everything. The model selection has come here. Now, before separating


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selection has come here. Now, before separating these outputs, I have checked what should go in the input and what should not. Okay, it is okay. So, it means that ours is correct. We have included it. Okay, we can also remove the relation at the top. We should drop it. It is a positive relation. It is a weak positive relation. But, okay, not for a minute. The middle one is correct. 57.6 is more than half. It is positive. It will be, as I had told you, one -1 one. And these zeros. If these ones


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you, one -1 one. And these zeros. If these ones are close to zero, then it means that. It is not making any impact but if it is close to one then the positive impact is huge, if it is close to minus one then the negative impact is huge, so we need huge onesSo that is coming ahead of the puff, okay and this pot one is also coming here, okay, it is positive and it is less, the level is also very less, draw it, if there were four or five more columns, we would have removed it, okay now we have


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we would have removed it, okay now we have this linear regression, we have done the drain and after draining I can ask it, what X-values ​​have you found, okay, did you find X-values, well we are saying we have observed it separately in two dimensions, first we separated this, how would it do it, how would the plot be made, how would the plot be made, the question is this because how many features are there with it, there are three features, that is, one data point has been created, now


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that is, one data point has been created, now understand a little, now it is a mathematical thing but it is important to keep in mind that we have two dimensions, here I say what is TV, here I say what is radio and there will be a three dimension which will be coming towards us, or it will be towards me, it will be towards you, it will be in the air, okay, I am understanding the point, as it is visible to me, if I say this table, what is my brother X Axis wa axis so where is the three dimension


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X Axis wa axis so where is the three dimension in the air in the air okay so three dimension now what do we have now if I have any point see if I have a point 2 4 so what do we do x axis went to 2 wa wa four this point is meeting here let's draw it on y but if I have a third axis also given to me then I reduce this and tell it let's say th where will it be drawn so th will be in z axis it will be on y okay now this is not going down but it has come in front okay that means that point will be in


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in front okay that means that point will be in the air x axis wa axis where will that point be this ground our wa axis is the wall from x axis and z axis is coming out in front so this point will be in the air like this so this point which is here will be visible even now it is visible in 2d but if I show you a picture of 3d plot then you will understand thing which one is this one look at this in d star plot a single plot You want to see, look at this picture also, this point is neither on the


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this picture also, this point is neither on the ground nor touching any wall, rather it is in the air, just like this, look, where are all these points, on the wallNo, it is on the de axis, like this, okay we can draw it as well, we haven't drawn the de plot, but right now our focus is somewhere else, we can only see that point in front, so what would be happening to all our data, it would be turning in the form of a point like this, yes, four dimension will not come in our observation now,


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dimension will not come in our observation now, function is okay, our array is n dimension, we can see its concept, how it looks, but in reality we cannot draw it, like now you see, images upto 4D are being drawn, see, see brother, so many boards are there, all these boards are moving in dfd, you will see [laughter] [music] Now the 4 degree work will start, so if you want to see the dimension, then the tales video fs and sessional object is not in single form, but in the form of an image, it is


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single form, but in the form of an image, it is just telling that in this way the dimension is the dimension point, zero direction, double zero dimension. It is a scalar value; it does not have any dimension. As soon as the points are doubled, it becomes one dimension. Then if it doubles, then it becomes two dimension. points and you have one dimension double the points and you have two dimensions. Who just came into the room? What happened? What happened? How to draw four frames and a


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What happened? How to draw four frames and a segmented object is one point. Double the points and you have one double the points and you have two nets. It is coming, see it many times before also. 17 A How to draw four frames and a segmented object is one point. Three dimensions [Music] Increase, if you do it a little bit, it is getting stuck, if you do it like this, it will become a little smooth, right now, you have to double the points and you have three dimensions [Music] point eye [Music]


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have three dimensions [Music] point eye [Music] four you're [Music] watching.com I ditti infinitive three feet 90° three thirds meter we can accept This is in the form of any one for x4 dimension we cannot understand it like that, the x would be coming out, one way or the other an x-ray has come out, the x-four dimension would be of the axis, if it is behind then it would be right, if it is below then it would also be right, we are in the form of a perception and what to do, it is not possible


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a perception and what to do, it is not possible for us to have these points, of which 90 degrees to an axis can be, degrees are required all the time now where should such a fourth axis be placed that it is 90 degrees, then that thing would be like thatThis is 90° to the other three or three with three dimensional two dim sum we can accept that this is a representation of four dimensions if you remove any one of the four axes you will go back to three axes of this is 90° to the other now what


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three axes of this is 90° to the other now what did he do he said that that which is a four dimensional object is a three dimensional object if two copies of that three dimensional object are made then what will it be called four dimension that means as I have taught you that we have one object of two dimensions if I have two objects like this okay and what should I do with these two objects if I put them behind each other then in how many dimensions they have come in three dimensions like we


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they have come in three dimensions like we make a U we make an image this is a 2D image understand what have I done behind this one keep another image that is okay now if this has become D it has length as well as width and its copy has depth as we have seen this The D box that is being formed with us is being formed something like this, just like this one dimension box, yes now we are saying that on one of the axis there is another box like this, what should you do and attach it, okay now


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this, what should you do and attach it, okay now boxes are moving behind the box, like D was moving behind D, what am I placed behind the 3D, so what is this saying, it is a representation of four dimension and in the same way, if another four dimension comes behind the four dimension, then what will be formed, that will become a five dimension object, just like now this is a cobara rim one of four y gok three of 90° to the other [Music] here are two D boxes, if we keep placing them one behind


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two D boxes, if we keep placing them one behind the other, then the two boxes keep increasing, 9 ay [Music] bangd ps y y what 6s se derr v kad wha, okay it is b so our data, basically the discussion went from here that how many dimensions does our data have Three dimension is fine, so if we include the column of sales as well, then the dimension will increase as many parameters there are, as I said, if you are plotting two points, then three points are being plotted in D, then there will be a


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are being plotted in D, then there will be a fold in D, okay brother, our model has also been fitted, now what would it have done, obviously after fitting it, we can ask it what fit have you found, yes fit.What has been derived of x, what will happen, I am just asking, I wanted to know, three values ​​must have come, separate with xv, separate with a1, separate with x3, so three values ​​will be coming in the quote, right now slopes must have come out in all three dimensions, sum ba and lr dot


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out in all three dimensions, sum ba and lr dot intercept, this will come out to be the same, right? If slope is derived with x in the dimension, then if we want to write the equation, what will our equation become, what is this value, our x, that is, ev, okay and what will come here with it, which column is TV, TV, plus then what will come a2 and what will come with it brother radio plus and what will come with it newspaper, okay and finally what will come with the intercept, so this is the


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what will come with the intercept, so this is the equation which has been formed, if I make it smaller, then for your convenience 0.042 and 0.001 2.8 this equation was formed, so in three dimension, he took that out, okay, in three dimensions, or inside the three dimensions, line does not come out, then what comes out, what comes out brother, you guys tell me plane It comes out when we have a two dimension plane, like I say that these are two points, what do we need to do to separate them, what


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what do we need to do to separate them, what do we need to do, line okay, place these two objects and separate them, bring them in between, right, but when the dimension is what it is, it becomes like this and one object is somewhere in the air here and the other one is somewhere here, that means we are sitting in a class, we have D class, right, if I talk about D, if I talk about D, then you or any object, two objects are in D, should I draw a line between them, but if one object is in the


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a line between them, but if one object is in the air, like for apple, that LED is attached, what do we need to do to separate these two LEDs, should I draw a fresh line or should I draw a line on this wall, no, I will have to erect a wall in the middle, that means I will have to draw a complete plane, what do I say, I will have to draw a complete plan, when we have D, if we have D, then we need D to break it, we will have D, what do we need to break it, D cha, okay now erect a complete wall in


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it, D cha, okay now erect a complete wall in the middle by doing this only then will the two pots get separated, now this is not a line in three dimensions but a bulk oneWhat will happen, the whole plane will reach here, now what do I do, now we call linear regression, what do I do, brother, predict, first we get it predicted on the training data, okay, action, I will write it here, prediction on training data, yes, let's state it, okay step f now I said I am getting prediction done on training


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I said I am getting prediction done on training data, so it means that now I am not getting training done, so I will not supply both the things, supervised training is done, what will I get in return for this, I will get wa in return for this, but which one will this be, it will not be the original one, what will this be, wa prediction on train, okay, it is prediction, but this wa is the prediction of train x train, so its name is wa tr, how many records will we get on all the results, 140


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many records will we get on all the results, 140 records, 140 and there will also be predictions, ya g 14 now if you are not able to understand like this, then what do we always do to compare, I create a data frame, data frame d data frame inside it I will create a dictionary and keep it. What did I have? Original original y in training, original y of training, right, where will its value come from? Train y, our original y, what did you make? Predicted predicted y, we are talking about training


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predicted y, we are talking about training data, right now. So, what will I put here as well, train y, and now let me see it. What will I get after viewing it? The original was 12.7, the value of sales, and what did it do in the training data, the value of the question was 15 11.7 th 12.2, and why is this variation coming? In the previous class, we have discussed that the plot will not be a smooth plot or it will be a plot, so what will come in the result in the data, the difference will be


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in the result in the data, the difference will be visible. Now, let us see that the error is minimal, it is correct, it should be minimal, at least what will be the lowest, zero. Now, how will I get it? Now, I have done the training, what have I started doing in step number six, in step number six, the results that came in the training now. For this, it carries out all the evaluation, what is there in the training, what do we import for it, what do we do to get it done,Now let's put it and


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what do we do to get it done,Now let's put it and check the root mean absolute error, it is not given in this, okay, I will take it from here and say okay squash, okay, you will get it from this, I remember it by heart, but I am writing this so that you know what it is in the beginning, if you are not getting anything, then go and see in the documentation, or you will get it, then from add matrix import root become and what can we extract from here, we can also extract the A2 score, now what


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here, we can also extract the A2 score, now what would it mean to give this, now I said, what is the root mean, take it on the train, that is, on the original or training and on the train prediction, how much error came in it, this is the same error, remember we took the average of one point to another point, so much distancing of 1.57 is a very low value, but still I cannot describe this value, what is the average of 1.57 distance in meters, I cannot say anything, yes, now what can I do, I can


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say anything, yes, now what can I do, I can calculate the A2 score I can say the r2 score basically tells me the level of accuracy, that is, it tells the level of correctness. Okay, the value of variance is studied. Okay, the variance score is basically what is it coming out to be, so what do I do for this? I say r2 score. Take the r2 score. Should I give it to you, brother? Yes, wa train and wa train practice. This r2 score tells me that our prediction at 90% in the training cannot be


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our prediction at 90% in the training cannot be accurate. There can never be an accurate result in a regression problem. If it is estimated, then it is saying, yes, like I say what is this, eddy, what is this, mouse? Okay, ah, if I show you this, can you say anything in between? No, if you call it a mouse, then it is okay. If you say something else, it is wrong. Okay, I am correct but it is wrong. Okay, what is your weight? Puraram also goes further. Now the thing is, if I want to match the


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further. Now the thing is, if I want to match the value of a continuous variable, then my tg and my result. But it can't match even a single datum, so if there is even a single datum ahead or behind, then it will be false, you understand, that is why we also get the variance there, how much is the variance answer, after that it tells the strength, that is, what is the correctness of the value of the prediction, it is correct at around 90So it has been trained on features only, no, no, that is a


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been trained on features only, no, no, that is a different thing, we see that in Lasu Ridge, Lasu Ridge is an important feature and this feature drops and slows down, well this stat is major, let's look at it here, don't talk brother, what is the score, what does it do, define it as a number, what does a score do, it tells you well, the independent variable which is the independent variable, the model explains the variation in the dependent model, the dependent way is the independent variable,


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the dependent way is the independent variable, how much variation is there on the dependent variable or how much variance is there in its question, by converting that score, it is showing you and let me look at the definition, different definitions can be found, meaning and definition, okay, use it to determine the proportion of variance in the dependent variable can be predicted and explain by the independent variable, so proportion What is correctness doing? It is showing how much proportion


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doing? It is showing how much proportion of correctness is there. So our value square is showing 9. That is our value of the value ranging from zero to one. Zero minutes model expr 0 on the relationship between the predictions that have come, its correctness is at 0 and one means 100%, the relationship will be 100%, so again it is the same thing, what have you done, it has satisfied all the points, that is the estimated value of R square and the adjust value is different. We use it in the


