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the adjust value is different. We use it in the second level, when we see that the score is very low, then we take some chances and find the adjust value. There is not much difference in the formula for the score. In that, we just subtract from zero. This is what we have. We have a score of 2. Okay, if we find out the adjusted value of this, what does it tell us? It has not come to us yet. But its prediction means I told you, you told me my weight. It is 60 and I am thinking that your weight


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It is 60 and I am thinking that your weight must be 58 58.5 now what is the difference between my answer and your actual weight, there is some difference, there is some difference, if I say no, tell me exactly, then I cannot tell anyone accurately, I cannot tell anyone accurately, it just seems like it meansIn that way, what is my result? Look, not even a single result is matching. None of them is matching. So, what is my model? I want to ask a question in the model. Now, I will calculate the


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question in the model. Now, I will calculate the variance between these and give a score. Okay, how much variance is coming between the data and the independent variable? It is telling that it is 0. Okay, now it is okay. How much has it come to 90. It means that the prediction of our model is at 90. Okay, what did you say? Show me a little bit. Okay, brother, don't leave it. I am just saying that if you want to find out the strength of your model, how well my model is performing, then what will


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how well my model is performing, then what will the value of a2s tell you? Your model is so accurate. It is so accurate. Now, we have worked on predictions. The results of the training data are not reliable. We have to go for testing. I will repeat all these steps, but for testing, for testing, what is the test prediction? Test, okay the prediction of the test has come, after that a data frame of testing has been created for the results, these are the results of what will come here y test and


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are the results of what will come here y test and what will come here y test will come here also test, okay it is the same thing original y did y we have imported on s and that question 1.9 yes it comes a lot in the test there is a little variation in the test if you are working without seeing after taking the test then there will be some mistakes after seeing and working 86 okay how much was that 90 in training and in testing now let me tell you that my expectation on this data I your class I


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that my expectation on this data I your class I tell you friend I want such a model which gives the same result to the data at 98 now how much should you bring it now where do you have to take it to 98 only then what will you do now you will start trying different variations okay okay what will you fit the first bullet, okay and if it does not agree then do not do it I am not able to do it okay this is it Yes, how will we work now? What I do now is I will create my own function. What will I


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now is I will create my own function. What will I name it? Predicting Cells. What inputs will this Predicting Cells take from us? It will ask us, what is your TV budget? Okay, I will ask for inputs for the TV budget. Enter the input.TV budget TV pay budget and I will type cast it, we can also do it from slot, it should be done from slot, right? In the same way, I am taking it inside the function, it is not a good thing, it should be taken outside and radio budget and paper budget, I will keep


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and radio budget and paper budget, I will keep it outside. Now what will we do with these three budgets, we will send it, what will come in the function, TV TV radio paper, okay and the three values ​​will come to it, so we have to send these three values ​​to the function in the question, okay, what kind of values ​​will we get, they will be numerical values ​​and what kind of data is being fed there, all three are going together, they are going as vectors, yes, it is like that, isn't it,


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going as vectors, yes, it is like that, isn't it, these three values ​​which are going from here, in the training test, these are going as vectors, all the three values ​​are going together, they will be combined, so what will I do, I will create a record here, I will create an add array, don't do it back and forth, what should I do now, our model, predict dict, will still come, I have to send it by doing DD. And I say whatever prediction comes, that is, whatever prediction comes, return it.


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that is, whatever prediction comes, return it. Okay, this is our function. All the values ​​will be input. So what will we call, we will call the function and send these three values. Okay, what is our TV budget? Well, I will go and see what all values, I will guess the average, what all values ​​I will put in. It is 230. Okay, the radio budget is less. Okay, what do I do? I just say, do one thing, how much will I spend on the TV budget? On radio, I will do 00 and on paper, I will do 200. Okay


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I will do 00 and on paper, I will do 200. Okay and tell him, what will come now? I said error, but this is some other error, which one has come? The measurement of measurement, we have not imported, import name, now give again the budget 300 250. Okay, now what came now, the error came, expected D array got D. In the beginning, we said why such a result error has come because because when we are feeding the data here, children, please understand. We are feeding this data, so the record that is


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We are feeding this data, so the record that is coming out in this, in which frame is that record kept, it is kept in D frame, one record is coming out from it, okay, so we have to put it in that frameI have to complete the frame and submit it, even if there is only one record in it, like like there is one d, there is one record in it, two records, three records, four records, our data is going out from here to the model, okay then this one is going out and getting added, but the type kept is


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going out and getting added, but the type kept is 2d, now if I have only one record, I have no problem, but I have to keep it, I have to keep it in d and what will happen after coming out from here, it will go away, so what do I have to do here, I can now put another bracket, I can do just two things, either before sending it from here, what should I do, I should create a pi array and convert it to array and send it or what should I do inside the function, one more or dd, now there is only one


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function, one more or dd, now there is only one record in it, what if there were two or three records, then put a comma, second record, put a comma, third record, or our column gets created, this is done, now what has been left for this, the bucket is pending below, okay, I will come back, I will run this, okay, this is done, let's do it, it is asking how much is the budget, budget 300 250 and 200 now what has happened now how many sales are coming 6649 per cent ok now how much confidence will


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6649 per cent ok now how much confidence will you have on this result 8 6 on 86 I can claim that my result is correct I don't claim 100% I don't claim 100% but all the data was in dollars with a dash added yes so okay what is our thing in that I am doing a little in the data the same pattern which is in the data will be printed oh brother the thing is that inside the data the same pattern is okay now if any client asks you this question increase that prediction okay increase it or you will also


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that prediction okay increase it or you will also remember go be happy so what do you do this is right what did you do that happy or brother the same pattern was in the data that data will speak according to your likes or dislikes data is saying if this thing is dirty then it is dirty now how good do you think you will do it will make it good and present it this day has not evolved yet Yes, if this is the record now, then it will come in time series, I read that it will run day wise, yes, you


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I read that it will run day wise, yes, you can say that the written investment should be this much, okay, so now if I increase the pattern, if I make it 000 d, I make it 000 d for TV, I make it 000 d for radio, now how much brother 400, now tell me why is it so less.I am coming brother I am doing a little less, you and me a little as per the pattern in the data, what did he do, let me bring it to you, okay now you understand, start reading it further.


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Look, the first problem which I also told you yesterday in the video, we discussed what are the problems that we have, which we saw that we do classification of things, okay, for identifying things, how many types of learning do we do, supervised learning, unsupervised [music] learning, okay, reinforcement [music] learning, now I will tell you what all these things are, semi-supervised learning, okay, semi-supervised comes later, the link is not available everywhere, but still people can make it


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everywhere, but still people can make it a type, okay, so when we start with supervised learning, okay, if we start with supervised learning, then what do we have in supervised learning, the most basic thing we did was the definition of what is that, what do we have inside it, data plus labels or tags are present, what are the algorithms or what are the tasks that we will perform with supervised learning, okay, so first of all, what task do we have, regression, okay, regression then the second


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regression, okay, regression then the second task, we also saw yesterday what would happen is pass class fix okay regression and classification we also have two types of classification we have one binary classification and one is multi classification mass binary what does it mean son it means to look at classification class okay class what is this is a device but this device belongs to class called mouse this is also a device but belongs to class system laptop okay we also belong to one class


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system laptop okay we also belong to one class human class okay but if we talk about other things then we belong to male class and the other one is female class right so when we have any such discussion where we have to identify things within two classes only tree or mountain how many classes is there a mouse or the real one is a remote or a mobile phone so where we have to identify two classes that will be our topic binary class and where there are more than two classes okay whether it is male


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are more than two classes okay whether it is male female or third party so where there are more than two classes what will be the number of classes there in multi classification Will it be more okay is it a disease or notOkay, yes we have 10 diseases. Which disease does this person have? It can be any one of the 10. So what are the chances of 10 diseases? How many classes are there? If it becomes 10, then multi classification. Okay, when we have more than one class, then it is multi


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we have more than one class, then it is multi classification. If we have more than one class, then it is multi classification. If we have more than two classes, then it is multi classification. If we have two classes, then it is binary classification. Okay, it is a simple thing to understand. What happens in regression? In regression, we are not telling the class. In regression, we are predicting the quantity. Are we predicting the quantity? Right, like yes, it tells us how much population, how


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like yes, it tells us how much population, how much population will there be next year? Okay, so telling the quantity is to predict the number. Okay, now we will talk more about this. But now look, we were talking about the states. I had stopped it. I had said that we will read the topics that come there immediately. Okay, we are not doing it separately. Look, we had read that we have univariate analysis. We had read that and we have bivariate analysis. Analysis is done and we have


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bivariate analysis. Analysis is done and we have multivariate, we had read in univariate, we talk about one column, if we are talking about age, then only A will be discussed and what happens in multi-bivariate is that we discuss two columns together, like if I am saying find the mean, then the mean cannot be found for two columns, one column is of J, one column is of salary average, none of them is being formed, yes, find the mean of A, find the median of A, find the mode of A, find the


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the median of A, find the mode of A, find the variance of A, find the standard deviation of A, so it is a matter of one column, one column, so all these functions that I have just named, which ones, brother, we have to find the mean, find the mode, find the variance, find the standard deviation, all of them come under which, they come under univariate, right, when we talk about bivariate, then what all things come under bivariate analysis, brother, we have to say that we do not have variance,


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we have to say that we do not have variance, but what comes, we have the correlation, what all is there The correlation or the variance of the correlation are the two most important terms that we're looking at between the two columns within the by variateThere are some data, that is, like there is a column for age and a column for salary. Now first of all tell me who remembers variance. What was variance? What is variance? We had read it, right? Yes, we had seen that how much our data is


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right? Yes, we had seen that how much our data is dispersed from the average line, how far is it, what is this thing called? It is called variance. Okay, how far is it from the mean? Are you able to understand it? If you did not understand it again, if even one person says that you are not able to understand, then we will read it and tell you the variance. Look, if I take a data, for example, I take the data of S. I have a 12 year old, a 15 year old, a 13 year old, a 22 year old, a 20 year old,


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old, a 13 year old, a 22 year old, a 20 year old, a 19 year old, a 20 year old. Okay, 15 year old, how many S are there? Three three three and one 10. I can find the mean of S. Everyone knows how to find the mean. I can find the median of S. I can find the mode. Which is repeated? 20 20 What is the mode? 20 It is like this, right? So Everyone knows, ok I am telling you that I want to find the variance of A. So to find the variance, we have a formula. We are not going into the formula or we have


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We are not going into the formula or we have to remember the formula. If we work in Python, we will put dot variance and the variance will come out. But we should physically have the concept in our mind what variance is. So there is no need to remember the formula for variance. Now, for example, what will be its mean value? If we calculate it, yes brother, what will be the mean age? 12 plus 14 plus 13 plus 22 plus 20 plus 19 plus 20 plus 15 14 plus 20 divided by 10. So 16.9, its average comes


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plus 20 divided by 10. So 16.9, its average comes out to be 16.9. So, if I go ahead, now that the topic has started, let's read it in detail. Now what do we have? I have ages. I will turn it around. Okay, s, and from here to here, the values ​​of s. What is the lowest age, brother? 12 years is the highest age. It is 20 years, I said or it is 20 22 22 and 20 18 16, okay, I will take two units, I will take one box 14 12, okay now what is my first judge, brother, what is the age of the first


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judge, brother, what is the age of the first person, he is 12 years, so where will that point come, my point will come, okay, my second person is 14, so I will do one thing here also, there are 10 people, nut 3 f 5 6 7 8, okay, how much is the first person, brother, the second one is 12, this will go to 14, third yes, the third one is 1 and it is approximately, I will write thisI draw it by hand, the points are getting bigger and bigger. This one is 12. This one is 12. This one is 14. And this


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is 12. This one is 12. This one is 14. And this one is 13. And then 22 22 comes. Okay, then 20 20 comes next to five. And then 19 19 comes here. 18 comes in between. Okay, and then again 20 comes next to seven. Then 15 comes next. Okay, then 14 comes next and then 20 comes next. Okay, so these are our points that we can see. Our points have become this point. This point is this. Just let me clarify. What was our average? 16, that means around 17. Okay, now what do we see? Now I can see the


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17. Okay, now what do we see? Now I can see the variance. My five points are above the mean and my five points are below the mean. So, the maximum dispersion side from the mean is also on the highest. On the side also, my data is less around the mean, what is the mean, less data, more data, what will be more than the mean, dispersion, it means that the variance in this data is more, dispersion, so what do we do, we say what is the mean, 16.9, so how much will 16.9 minus 12 be, 4.9 and how much


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how much will 16.9 minus 12 be, 4.9 and how much will it be on 14, 2.9 and how much will this be, 3.9 and how much will this be, minus 4.9 will come in the ones above and the one below which is less than the mean, 16.9, it will become plus and how much will this be, 3.1 3.1 and how much will this be, now 2.1 yes, 16.9 will become 5.9 16 1.9.9 21.9 2.9 5 the calculation is not going, I have written it correctly, I am writing with I, okay, how many will be in this, and how much will this be, 4


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will be in this, and how much will this be, 4 3.1 3 so this is our Those values ​​are that every value is this far away from the mean or this far away, this is below, this is also below, this is above, this is above, this is above, above, above, below or below or the one which is coming in minus means what is this value below the mean line and this is also coming in minus, what is this from the mean, it is below, what is the mean, this is above the mean of 22, that is why it is coming positive,


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mean of 22, that is why it is coming positive, what is the mean value brother 16.9, I took out 16.9 from 12, then took out 16.9 from 14, then took out 16.9 from 13, then took out 16.9 from 22, I have found the difference that how far is this from this, what is this, this is 16.9 so all these points are from this pointIt is a little far. So let me explain each point of each one. There are a data set of one lakh. What will I do? I will find the sum of these. What happens now? Now x minus x is the


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of these. What happens now? Now x minus x is the difference. What formula do we have for variance? Brother, what is the formula for variance? We have to subtract each data point from the mean and take the square of the mean. By dividing it by the average, we will find the average of all the variables. What is the variance? x minus is this. I will divide it by the total number. What will happen to all of them? It will be an average. So the average of the variance is the overall variance. How far


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of the variance is the overall variance. How far is the average of each data point? It is this far. We have to find the mean, conclusion, variance. So this is the correlation. What is the distance between the correlations? Brother, is there a relationship between any two variables? [Music] Okay, and the second thing we will take is what we take, ... Take the weight, okay let's take the weight, what is the weight of a 12 year old? How much is it? 35 kg for a 14 year old 45 kg for a 13 year old


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35 kg for a 14 year old 45 kg for a 13 year old 30 kg 35 kg for a 22 year old 50 kg for a 20 year old 50 kg for a 19 year old 55 kg for a 20 year old 50 kg for a 14 year old 55 kg for a 20 year old this is very weak, okay I took it in the same way, now look, now you people observe and tell me is this data set of any people, do you see any relation in this, that if the weight of a 12 year old is 35 kg, then whether the weight of a 14 year old is 45 kg, then what will you say, what thinking will


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45 kg, then what will you say, what thinking will come to your mind that as the age of the person is increasing, the weight is increasing, so has the 13 year old 35 kg decreased, so this weight has also reduced, okay, and a 22 year old 50 kg The 50 kg of 20 years has not reduced much here, almost. Now this is a relationship, when one column is doing something to the other column, it is showing its effect, what is the relationship between these two, brother, there is some relationship between


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two, brother, there is some relationship between both of them, that brother, this is happening here, then this is happening here, okay, as the winter season starts, the sale of warm clothes starts increasing, so the drop in temperature and sale of warm clothes, what is the relationship between them?Or is it related to each other, the variance is being found between them, okay, as the winters increase, the electricity bill goes on decreasing, but as the summers increase, the load shedding also


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as the summers increase, the load shedding also increases, the bill also goes on increasing, what is the relationship between the quantities, what are we calling this relationship, we are calling it variance, so where does this come in, it comes in bivariate analysis, when we find the correlation, we get a strange value, that is, a big number comes and this big number tense nothing, from that we come to know only one thing, that is, what is the direction of the relationship, the relationship,


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direction of the relationship, the relationship, is it the upward direction or this, we study in school and college, directly proportional and inversely proportional, directly proportional means that if one thing increases, the other thing will also increase and if one thing decreases, the other thing will also decrease, what do we call this, directly proportional and What is inversely proportional? If one thing increases, what will happen to the other thing? It will decrease. What do you see


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other thing? It will decrease. What do you see here? It looks directly proportional. But somewhere there is a gap, so there are outliers as well. A 14-year-old boy is like this. So, what do we have now? We see this. But we calculate it mathematically. When we calculate the cosine, we get a value. We get a number. We see that number to see if it is a plus sign. If it is a plus sign, then what is our relationship? It is a positive relationship, that is, it is directly proportional. We do not say


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is, it is directly proportional. We do not say directly proportional. What do we say here? Positive. So, how is our relationship? It is positive. And if there is a negative sign in that value, then what is our relationship? It is negative. Yes, there is a negative relationship. But there is a problem. Now this is telling us that covariate covariance is telling us that if one thing increases, then the other will also increase. If one thing decreases, then the other will also decrease. But this


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then the other will also decrease. But this is not telling us that one thing will increase by this much. So how much will the second one increase i.e. I am not quantifying, what will increase or decreaseI am not quantifying, okay, I am not quantifying, then we come to another concept, con collation co relation, here, a famous scientist Pearson had created it, so it is also called Pearson collation, and the value that is got from this is called collation cfit collation quote, so you leave


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collation cfit collation quote, so you leave everything and remember what is collation, collation is just just enough, there is no other work, so one thing comes, what does co relation collation do to our values, what does it do to our values, brother, it converts zero into it, the value of co relation cfit comes, what is its range from -1 to -1, so when it is a positive value between 0 and 0, then what kind of relationship is it, which has been discussed above, and if it is coming on the


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been discussed above, and if it is coming on the negative side, then what kind of relationship is it, if it is a negative relationship, then what does co relation do, co relation, if this value, if I break it up as well, like I say that brother this point is 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, p V pat p 3456 789 and finally one, okay, similarly it will run in reverse here, right? Now what happens is if it has a range, if it says that understand brother, understand if these values ​​are from p v to path or pat or


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if these values ​​are from p v to path or pat or these values ​​are from f to p 7 p8 to p s and from point 6 to 9.8, these people show different ranges, so we say that if this relationship is here, then how is it positive and how is this one, it is moderately positive, neither weak nor strong and how is this one, now strong positive, the last one from 58.9 and v and what is the one, it says that both are the same, are both the same or is there such a close relationship, okay, she doesn't eat


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such a close relationship, okay, she doesn't eat food at home, you also don't eat, eat food at 100, so v is a relationship, right, so that happens on similar quantity, but I will tell you that brother I am telling the correlation of age with age, now if age If it becomes 12 then the age will become 12, so there is a 100% relationship, so it means that whatever is coming 100%, it is coming exactly one, it means both are the same quantity, not 100 in strong positive, even in strong positive there


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in strong positive, even in strong positive there is a little variance, a little difference, but the one that is coming, I don't know what to call itYes if age is written somewhere and what is in the other column is written brother what do you call it the other name of A is written Au okay and both are the same column so what will happen if I take out the collation of A and Au it will shake a little bit also then this is the matter of collation what is the use of the collation let me tell you


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what is the use of the collation let me tell you now it is coming like this slowly long yes now what happens in this look whenever I am saying it is a collation just understand this thing when we are saying it is a collation then it means that if this is so big then the second one will also grow but a little and when it is smaller then the second one will also grow but the size will increase a little in between but we are saying it is a strong collation so the more the first one grows then it


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collation so the more the first one grows then it will not be almost complete and but if it has come exactly one then what does it mean both are exactly the same we are together now the thing is what should we tell you the collation also what did the covariation tell whether it is positive or negative it is not of any use to us we said take out the relation from the relation we came to know did we come to know that brother your age If your salary increases every year, then your salary will


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increases every year, then your salary will increase a lot. Isn't it okay? You are understanding, you didn't understand brother. This is just telling that the relationship is strong or weak, how is it? Okay, so now how will I tell a guy whether he is strong or strong? Now how will you tell him that I love you very much, how not and how much I love you, I cannot quantify it, friend. If you say it with force, then what does it mean? The relationship, I love you a little bit, but if you say it


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I love you a little bit, but if you say it with force, then what does it express? The mark on your hand is of this, leave aside the talk of production, okay, then he would have gone to a different world. Now this is still not happening, but at least it is getting to know, by saying this it is getting to know that no friend, if one quantity increases, then the other will also increase, you say that I am very powerful, now how can I explain a lot, then it is not quantifying. Still, it is not


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lot, then it is not quantifying. Still, it is not quantifying. I am understanding the things of love and affection. Now, if I ask you how much you love me, can I tell you by taking out the calculation? Okay, now this is not quantifying. How will we do it, then who will quantify it and give me the regression or what we have been talking about for so long, that is why we have come hereSo what do we have to study, who will quantify the regression, that is, I am saying that there is a quantity that


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is, I am saying that there is a quantity that if x increases then that will also increase, the quantity and the price, if you buy 5 kg of sugar then its price is 00, right? If you reduce the quantity then what will happen, the price will decrease, if you buy 5 kg then it will decrease, but if you increase the price then how much will it be, the price will also increase, so it means a quantity is increasing, the price is increasing in kgs then the rupees are also increasing, if the kgs are


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the rupees are also increasing, if the kgs are decreasing then the rupees are also decreasing, well now if it is increasing or decreasing then okay, the covariate did not tell that friend this is positive, no, the relation told what is happening, if the kgs increase a lot then the money will increase a lot, if you reduce the kgs very little then the money will become very less, but regression tells at least that if you increase x by 10, then if you increase x by one kg, then how much will the


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you increase x by one kg, then how much will the increase be in that, at every point of rupees, right like we have one, we read friend, we write a function Have you studied in school and college? Friend, we made the function of x. Brother, 3x = 1. So what is x? Our independent value. If we put an input, what happens? We get x is independent or dependent. So, when we put the value of x, what is the value of x? Where is this function generated from? It was generated by regression. Who found this


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It was generated by regression. Who found this relationship? Regression found it. So, what are we going to do? We are going to do regression. And we can also do it mathematically. That is, we have the complete formula of regression. Put it in and we can find out the regression. But first, we have to understand what actually happens in regression. Look, I am asking you to now see this equation of regression. Okay, I am writing an exemplar equation. I am writing it as an example. I am writing 3x


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I am writing it as an example. I am writing 3x plus a might. Okay, this is whether there is a relationship or not. What is that quantity and x? What kind of quantity is it, independent, I can enter any value or what kind of quantity is it, dependent, I can enter any value, can't I write this equation like this, it is like thisYes, it is the same thing, as the kg increases, what will be the price, there will be some change in the price, depending on the relationship, depending on the


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depending on the relationship, depending on the relationship, it is like this, so if I have a relationship for apple, this is the relationship, then I tell you, look brother, I tell you, I have a relationship, what are you saying, it is very important to listen to the relationship, what do I have, okay, what is the kg and price, now I am telling you, brother, what am I doing, I am giving input of this, what will be the price, and if I say kg, then what will be the value of the price, 3 and 3


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then what will be the value of the price, 3 and 3 times, I am saying, brother, how much will the price be, minus and I am saying, how much will the price be for 5 kg, 14, I am saying, brother, 3.5 kg, then how much will the price be, 3.5 or 10.5 or 99.5, look brother, how much will it be, 9.5, I am saying, brother, if there are two kgs, then how much will the price be, okay now, look, the thing to understand here is this, the thing to understand is that my What was present there was a


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is that my What was present there was a relationship, so this is a very important thing in that relationship, that is why I am saying it again and again, you listen to this, in that relationship I am putting input, what am I getting, I am getting output, right, I am putting input, I am getting the output, right, okay, till here you are understanding, let us now come to some mathematics in this, what is our variable KG and this is our variable [Music] it is like this, variable one, variable two,


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it is like this, variable one, variable two, this is our variable KG and Pra, so what are these two, that is, x is our variable, va is our variable, what is this, now remember, you must have read in school, what was this equation called, yes, what was it called, linear equation, okay, what was this in a linear equation, brother, if we write its general form, then what would it be, brother va = a ec p c and what was a, brother, I remember the slope, I am not able to remember anything, and what


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I am not able to remember anything, and what was c, va intercept, yes, where does the intercept go, first talk about this, I am able to understand that this is the equation of a line and the general equation of a line is this and x is the variable and a is the slope and c is the intercept i.e. when I plot a line then that lineIf it goes like this then what is its direction, what do we call that direction, slope and the place where this va is getting intercepted, what is it called, intercept,


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intercepted, what is it called, intercept, the point where it cuts va is called intercept, yes yes, the slope can also be the angular distance, now the thing is this, now see what I am doing, understand now, I am plotting a graph of this data, what do I do by plotting a graph, what do I do here, brother, I have taken a graph paper, okay and in the graph paper here I draw a line, make an axis, the biggest value we have, all the x positive va are also coming negative, okay let's take it from


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are also coming negative, okay let's take it from here, I will make an axis on this line, okay now tell me brother, what is the x axis of kg, right, if this kg comes and the price will come here, then how much is the kg, right, how much is the kg, then kg is one, how much is the price, it will come, this will become a point, right, two in kg, right, this is one, this is two. This is three this is four this is five this is six this is seven and here this one is t so on so one went in kg and two


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this one is t so on so one went in kg and two in price above and zero on minus zero price this is minus here okay and five on 14 five this is 14 will be t 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 will come somewhere here okay and this 5 on 14 ok I took it above sorry the value of 14 is my value won't it be or okay the 14 which is f will be somewhere here then after that 3.5 p 9.5 3.5 will be here t 3 4 5 6 7 8 no 9.5 this will come okay and two on fifty p fifty here is tooth 4 5 p so we can see that


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p fifty here is tooth 4 5 p so we can see that brother this is a line of ours which is starting from here and going on like this this line is okay now look just pay attention this line It is formed, why do you see what is the intercept of this line? Understand where is this line cutting at minus one, if zero is kept, then the intercept is myve, so the intercept is coming here, how much myve keep zero, empty intercept remains and here we have this line, how can I find its slope, if you guys


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this line, how can I find its slope, if you guys forgot, well, it doesn't matter, you can find the slope between the two points y2 myva x minus xv, although the line is formed, but if we have to find the slope, then whatIt will become two manav minus wav 3 and 0 minus w minus w so how much is its slope coming out, what will be the result of its minus aa minus what will happen by minusing both of these, two minus wav will become minus minus plus, won't it become minus of minus and what will


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won't it become minus of minus and what will happen to this, why will it be minus, oh friend, one quantity we have is t and the other we have minus how many pcs and one, the other we have zero, it will come out, its slope is okay, what is its slope and what is the intercept, well you see, well you understood everything, what did I have, there was an equation, listen, I had an equation, there was a relationship, what did I take out from it, I took out the data, I kept giving input, now what am I


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out the data, I kept giving input, now what am I doing, now I am doing a work with you, what do I do here, no no tell me, it is coming in the minute recording, I am writing something, because of this you will get it, brother, look what I have, what am I doing, I have this data, look brother, it is visible, if I ask you, now tell me what is the relationship in xva, what can I say Now what is the relationship in xva, calculate it in any way you can tell me, so I am telling you what the


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way you can tell me, so I am telling you what the relationship will be, it will be linear, now just refresh, if I have to find this linear relationship, then x is already available with me, wa also is already available with me, what do I have to find, I have to find in what orientation the line will be and I have to find whether it will be cut or not, you understand ok, two are unknown, now understand my point, now I am telling you, find the equation and tell me, and what relationship will come


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and tell me, and what relationship will come in f, if I don't keep the value of x, then f will come, can I make it, that is, what will be the value of wa, f will come, I don't know what value of x I am keeping, now how should I manage it, if it becomes f, what will be the value, if I keep it here or keep it zero, then how much will it become, y one is correct but this same relation should run in the rest of the data, the rest of the data is working, so if I talk about this, if I talk about


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working, so if I talk about this, if I talk about this, then what relationship did my relationship appear in front of me 5 XP 0 I created this relation is satisfying the rest of the data does this mean I have to set it again yes actoh given it is an equation now what should I do brother what value of x should I keep it, should I keep 3 and 3 now what should I keep plus two how much has it become f towa how much has it become, is the relationship formed my 3x p 2 is getting satisfied for the


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formed my 3x p 2 is getting satisfied for the rest, check how much is the 3 in 2 plus o how much has it become -3 how much has the plot come human, try for the second one, will the 3x p 2 come brother 3 in 2 plus o how much has it become 8 is correct, it means now let's check one more as well, lest the other one cheats, then how much has it become 3 in minus 3 plus two how much has it come 9 p 2 is correct this also works, it means we have reached the right place, yes we will have to apply the


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the right place, yes we will have to apply the test so it means now I have found the relationship and what is my relationship for this data wa i 3 x p 2 I have also found that slope and that intercept as well [music] now what is the issue now what is the issue So let's plot the correct graph and take it out from there and you can do it from there also. This regression line that we have made, this is our regression model, what is it? This is our machine learning model, who made this model, you


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machine learning model, who made this model, you guys made it, so now you guys were machine learning, you guys made it, that is, what did you think about, what would be the slope and what are the two things, so I only needed slope and intercept, what did we need, we only needed slope and intercept, now what can we do, now with the help of this, I first plot the data, what should I do with this data, like if I want to read this data, I will tell the chat to read it and show it, I will also write


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chat to read it and show it, I will also write the Python code for it, you can read it, okay, I copied the image and I will type in it, yes, okay, this line has come, this line of our data, this line that has come, what do we call this line, what do we call regression line, regression line on this line now because I have the relation line, I have the equation, right brother, so in the future any I can give the value of x, I can find it out, then I can practice giving the input value of x, no I


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I can practice giving the input value of x, no I can definitely do it because I already have that equation, but this line, okay, our data which I had taken, was very loving that the line which is such a data set that what is happening to the line, everyIt is satisfying a data point, but we don't have anything like this in reality, nothing like this happens in reality, so when there is nothing like this in reality, a few data points will come here and there, okay, then what will be our answer,


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and there, okay, then what will be our answer, now the data point is cut on a line, otherwise what will be our equation, what will be our answer, no such line can be formed which is satisfying all the data points, no such line can be formed because the data is stacked like this, so in such a situation, the line that we draw, we do not call that this is the actual fit line, rather what do we call it the best fit line, what is the best fit line, now what is that best fit line, that best fit line


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what is that best fit line, that best fit line is such, it is very important to understand, what is this best fit line, brother, that it passes through such a place, passes through such a place, the distance from all these points should be the minimum, that is, the variance should be the minimum, now that base fit line, I say, brother, this can also be that The base fit line is what I say, can this happen, no, the distance from all the data points is too much, can this happen, can this happen,


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is too much, can this happen, can this happen, can this happen, can this happen, can this happen, can this happen, can this happen, can this happen, yes brother, this can happen, so we are looking and seeing, rather what does the model do, it calculates, it calculates the error on every point, first it estimates a line, tell me, first it estimates a line, it said brother this line is near me, now what does it do, brother, what is the original data saying, the original data is saying that when


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saying, the original data is saying that when the value is minus w, then what will this answer be, brother, how much will it be, brother approximately two, and what is the predicted line saying, 2.5, okay, so how much is the error, 2.5 minus oo, how much is the error of oo, what is the original data saying that brother this will be two, and what is your line saying, 2.5, what do you call this difference, now this difference of every point It will calculate the average of the difference from the


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calculate the average of the difference from the line and the actual and then we will say that the overall prediction line has an error and we have to minimize the error and now what we will do is we will adjust the line, what will we doSo brother we will adjust the line and say brother okay bring the line down a bit when I am bringing it down what is changing in the equation only x-y is fine brother what is changing the slope is changing it is possible that it may also have to change the iter


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possible that it may also have to change the iter no this will find the parameter model now this machine learning you are looking for now you will come to this now the errors will be calculated again okay still the errors are more now the errors will be calculated again and this process will continue finally such a line should come out which is the best fit with which you agree yes friend what if all the points agree you are getting the point so what actually we have to do is we have to find


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so what actually we have to do is we have to find the slope and intercept so that the best fit line comes out but finding the slope and intercept is very difficult what is inside the scut data the scut data means that this which I have just taken in front of you here I should put some strange values ​​here I should put 6.4 here instead of f I should put 7.9 now you find and tell me why now It's done, if the point ahead or behind is reached quickly, then what will the model do? Then in such a


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then what will the model do? Then in such a situation it will apply its own techniques. This is the name of finding the best fit parameters, which is machine learning. This is the complete AI. Finding the slope and intercept, which equation is that, which small equation, this equation, that is complete AI, is machine learning. You are just understanding, so we will continue it. Now we will take it on the data set and how to take it, that's what I am saying, how to take it, what will I tell you?


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Well what is data rallying, joining data, combining and reshaping, why do we need to join data when we have data collected from multiple sources, by combining them we have to create a data frame or table, so we join the data, what is combine and shape, we are changing the shapes of the data, in which we are also doing POW etc. If people work on data in Excel, then they have an idea of ​​this thing, so let's see step by step what is a single indexing, when we have multiple indexes, okay, that


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when we have multiple indexes, okay, that work is also done on multiple indexes, you will understand it now, like let's see this, what did we do, we created a series of random numbers and after that de index is given in the index, what do you see, there are two brackets, one of ones and the other, the value is also getting repeated in it, if we do this, then it shows like this, the outer index level is getting repeated. If it is happening then it will be single time and it will be seen how many


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will be single time and it will be seen how many values ​​of the second index are coming in front of it, in this way B is twice, so what will be the two indexes of B after this, and I and D. Now this is called a multi index with us, if its data dot index is done then it will be written as multi index, what to understand, in this we have passed the index, so what have we done here in the UC index, there are two brackets given, one is this value, okay, in the index we have not given single


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okay, in the index we have not given single indexing but double index, inside the index we have made a big index, okay, are you understanding, so yes these random numbers are being generated from the num pie, I will just do an import, I had done it, I deleted it, I have not done panda either, I had done it, because of this it worked, okay and when I go and do the value, I will see only the values, okay now from within this we can do slicing etc., we can do selection, we provide any index from


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we can do selection, we provide any index from the data, we give slices of the index, we give location based index, the data will keep getting selected Okay, in this way when the juice is becoming multi-indexed then weWe also have columns that can be multi indexed, these are also given in this and within this column also we have provided double indexing, this is the index and we have this column, this value is the D index in this index and the D column in this column also, when we look at the


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D column in this column also, when we look at the frame, it is readable, what is happening is that we have two values ​​in Ohio, so the column will be one only for Ohio, but which two values ​​are coming after this, green and red, all its columns will become columns, okay, Colorado is the third index, only one value is coming in it, the third index is green, so all its columns will be one, okay, this one you already know that these will be A and B, A has two indexes and B has two indexes, well


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B, A has two indexes and B has two indexes, well we had read measurement, didn't we read it, let's do it first, what measurement do we have, there is a library called numerical python, what does it do, mostly 99.9% of it works on numbers, on which very fast operation is done, its array is formed, basically array. Yes we have imported measurement. We have many functions for measurement in which in the first function we see measurement dot array. It creates an array. I provide a list of numbers


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It creates an array. I provide a list of numbers to it. What does it return to me? It returns an array. If I save it in array one, then this array one. Okay, if I check its type, then what will it be? Name by nd array nd what is this? Is this non as n dimension array? What is end dimension array? What is meant by n dimension array? Now like how many dimensions does this array have? Okay, if I check its array dot end dimension, then it says it is a one dimension array. What is one dimension


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is a one dimension array. What is one dimension thing? No, when we talk about one dimension, then we don't talk about axis in it, we don't talk about anything. It is just a one dimension. It is not an axis. When we talk about axis, then there will be two axes. We will talk about axis in how many dimensions. We will do it in two dimensions. Okay because the It is one dimension, basically it is a vector, what is it, okay, how many dimensions does a vector have, it is one dimension, that means if


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a vector have, it is one dimension, that means if I create an array like this, then what is it, it is one dimension but a vectorAfter this what do we have a matrix what is a matrix more than one dimension means what can it be it can be d also d can be d can be up to one dimension how many dimensions can be one dimension okay means if I have to make a matrix then what will I do inside it brother one y then after that what am I doing d I am adding one r now how many dimensions do we have one


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one r now how many dimensions do we have one dimension now can I say inside it can I say how many columns are there how many rows are there inside it I cannot say how many columns and how many rows are there because the concept of row and column is not present in one d okay yes I can say on this that we have two row columns I can write this as y this matrix pass okay now this measurement provides us with this array and matrix it is one dimension I have made one dimension in the same way I make


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I have made one dimension in the same way I make array two dimension I will call it nd this one dy array two dimension if I am making a dot array so what will I do now I will do the same thing first create an outer matrix okay after that add a row what do I write in this row t 3 4 5 7 8 comma now add second row 2 3 4 5 78 comma then add third row what will happen in this 3 4 5 6 7 8 no and 10 how many matrix brackets are visible in this last two how many are visible in the start by identifying


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how many are visible in the start by identifying this you will come to know how many dimensions are there okay las now what has this become we have a two dimension array which we call matrix rat inside this I can tell first I check its dimension what will array a dimension return to me okay good d is created now what things can I check inside this array d dot like I can extract its rows and columns inside this first of all I extract what am I seeing from this shape e r a column okay if two


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I seeing from this shape e r a column okay if two values ​​are coming in this shape it means how many This is a dimension. If this is the dimension, then the third dimension will also be shown in this shape. If I make it D or create it, then what am I doing to create a D, in which there is a function of range. In A, the function of range is there. You take the range and create the value of 64. If I create this D, thenSo this D will make 64. How many 64 values ​​will it take? 63. But what am I


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many 64 values ​​will it take? 63. But what am I telling this next? What should I do next? If I want to reshape 64 in two dimensions, then how many rows and how many columns will be formed in 64. Every multiple which is multiplied to make the product 64 can come out like I can say make 64 one row and 64 columns. Make one row and 64 columns. Well, give me the answer. Now you will say, Sir, this looks big, but now one row is 64 columns. It is not just a vector of 64. Now here I can see how many,


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just a vector of 64. Now here I can see how many, I can see two brackets. It's a D. Now I can study here that this is column number one, column number two, and what is this entire row? I will reduce these numbers to 16, so that it looks like this. Now what will you call this? D is not what is this dimension. Now what can you do on this? You can say rows and columns, that is, if I do this, D What did I make one row 16 columns? The array is D but I took 16 numbers and reshaped it to make D. When


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I took 16 numbers and reshaped it to make D. When D is made, the access inside it becomes D. Now since there is only one row, all those elements come in one row, right? If I can do this also, tell it to make two rows and eight columns. This will also complete 16, right? It will look like this two rows and eight columns. If I say make it four rows and four columns, okay, make four rows and four columns. I say make this also eight rows and two columns. I tell it brother do this, make 16 rows and


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I tell it brother do this, make 16 rows and one column. Now how many rows are there? One row, second row, third row and column, how many now? Now this is D but when I had not reshaped it, when I had made it a simple array, it was again D. Here, there is no row and column. I cannot say that there is one row and eight columns. This cannot be called one row and eight columns because this is one dimension. I can see many brackets in it. It is appearing single, it is fine, what can I do in the same


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single, it is fine, what can I do in the same way, I can also create a three dimensional dimension, array dimension kata dot a raj, I said take how many 125 values ​​and do it, in type dimension it will be 12, five row, five column and what about the last five, now let's learn the last five, I took 27 here, let's take the smaller 27, now I said brother, three row, three column and threeRe make something else so it is not basic it is read like this depth cross column these last two are rows and


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depth cross column these last two are rows and columns and this is the third one it is the path that means you can also call it a copy that all the rows and columns these are like copy of them with some copy word is not used that's why you will understand they will be same but now what kind of output do I have like this what is happening now this is D this is a matrix okay of 3 byth there is another matrix behind it another matrix behind it which you can see so if I show you here array D then


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you can see so if I show you here array D then you will understand from its image what I am saying this is 8th you see this is 8th dimension D object is being created this front one is zero index one index and two index okay are you understanding the point depth from within this the first element which we have created is depth if I change this I say do the work do the depth how much you want now what factor do here 27 will be completed you were working How many columns will be made and three


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working How many columns will be made and three columns will give different output D is one column is one column and how many columns will be there how many copies will be there two three variables pa 6 sa on okay well we can see more and apple no no look this is my fingers if you just look at these four then what will be its dimension three columns how many rows are there four rows okay if I write dot and four then what will be behind it one more is added okay still what is in front but how


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more is added okay still what is in front but how much is there behind it one more how much will be the depth how much will be it will be s I will show here hey d add a range I said here friend do one thing you take element make two depths and how many will be it rather I will make it two okay now how many matrices of 3 by 2 will come two matrices will come now c how many matrices of 3 by 2 and how many of the columns are visible one is not below the other basically where is it behind basically


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the other basically where is it behind basically behind okay now if I say that brother Not of 3 sides, not of three Raj and two columns, but of one R and six columns, now tell me how many R will be visible in that one, how many R will be visible in this copy, one will be visible, because of this one is visible, the one which was visible there, I had given one look to Aa Naan Ras, so nowThis is one and behind it or behind one finger Uli okay so this is how number array works basically our panda


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is how number array works basically our panda has all the measurement implemented behind it we are reshaping this measurement array like here we can run different functions of measurement I have this array of ids what can I do with this array of ids I can find out the minimum value what can I do with the array of ids I can also find out the maximum value I can also find out the mean of the array of ids okay I can even find out the station of the array so all the mathematical calculations can be


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array so all the mathematical calculations can be done here inside the array okay I can also add arrays I can create new arrays I can break the array okay the interesting thing is like I told you about panda hold wait operation if I give you a list of python and then I ask you what to do with each member of the python list whether to multiply by 10 You will quickly do the list and what should I do now, for loop will be applied for number in list, what will you do quickly, whatever number comes,


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what will you do quickly, whatever number comes, you will multiply it by 10, then what will you do after that, what will you have to do with this result, you will have to store it and what will you say to store it in list 10, what will you do, keep appending it and finally show the list, it's done, here we had to loop each one, but if this list was a measurement array, n dot array, I would convert it to measurement array, then what would I have to do, there is no need for any loop, okay, if I


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to do, there is no need for any loop, okay, if I get a D list, if I get a D list and I have to multiply each element, then you will know how many runs will be required, but if I have measurement, then what can I do, I can quickly divide it by all of them, so that operation is applied on the whole list, the whole array operation is applied, there is no need for a loop when we are doing a vectorize operation and measurement provides us with a vectorize operation, okay, I did not understand. There


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operation, okay, I did not understand. There are no arrays in Python. Let's implement one dimension array through measurement. Now look here because this has become array and matrix. Listen son because this has become array and matrix. Okay and we haveI have studied in school that matrix multiplication is a different task. Do you remember? If I create an array, I call it array two dimensions n p dot array. What are you doing? The rocket has not fired. How many dimensions will it have? Array D.


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fired. How many dimensions will it have? Array D. I said this is A and this B. How many dimensions will it have? 2. Now let's put the values ​​in it. Okay, I will put 1 2 3 4 5 in it. Now I will write 6 7 8 9 10 inside it. I will write two f 6 a 10 inside it. Okay, now array D which is A, it looks like this. Let's add another R. Okay, let's add another R. Okay, array D which looks like this and array D B which is like this. Okay, now what I want to do with these two matrices? I want to multiply


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to do with these two matrices? I want to multiply them. AD ​​Mala by AD. This is the star operator that we have. Okay, listen brother, this does mirror multiplication. Multiplication means what happens to each element with the element in front of it, like this, what happens to each element with the element in front of it, multiply g g g what will happen to the index in front of it, 2 v 4 to 8 6th 18 8 for 32 10 5 50, it looks like this, okay, I understand what happens to each element in the


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I understand what happens to each element in the mirror with the matrix in front of it, brother, this index, this index will get multiplied with the index at its position, this will happen with this, this will happen with the one in front of it, that is, what is its index g g what is its index 00 both will get multiplied, its index is the same, so it means that in such a situation, both the matrices should be the same, their shapes should be the same, if the shapes are one after the other, then


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same, if the shapes are one after the other, then multiplication will not be possible, similarly, not just multiply, if I also subcut the d, then what will we have, these two opposite ones will become d, but for this, is it necessary that the shape of both should be the same, can be done separately Let's separate them, what do we do? Let's create another one here, D D C N pad range, how many members do we have, 5 10 15 15, let's take the members, dot reap now what do I do, let's do 16, I have a


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dot reap now what do I do, let's do 16, I have a matrix of 4 b f, okay, one array is this and the other is the difference between these two, between c and b.There is a difference now I am saying to multiply C and B by Array D C and plus Array D Take A or B as well. Okay, what is its shape? Its shape cannot be both. If I go to multiply then they cannot be the same. But we had read that how do we multiply in the matrix operations. The number of columns in the first matrix should have been the


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columns in the first matrix should have been the same number of rows in the second matrix. So can this happen? How many columns and how many rows are there in the first matrix? It cannot be so. Okay, I do something like this here. There are five columns, right? Free and five columns. Now I check here. What is the shape of Array D A? Comma Array D C. Its shape. Now tell me, now both of these can be multiplied. The columns of the first matrix and the rows of the second matrix. Okay, this cannot


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the rows of the second matrix. Okay, this cannot be mirror multiplication. Mirror multiplication cannot be done. Why cannot it be done because the shapes of both are different. This will not happen. But what we do is we do matrix multiplication here. Which multiplication will be for that, which sign of at the rate? The sign is y and d c which is y, this is the same multiplication, r column r column, remember, I forgot, it is difficult to do, okay, I am understanding, in the same way we used to


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I am understanding, in the same way we used to do a lot of work, we used to find the inverse of a matrix, what would we do, so now here we have the function to solve a matrix, to find the inverse, all the functions are present in which, well inside the lead inverse NP, we will use another y, inside this we have the inverse function, if we want to find the inverse of any matrix, then what should we go to, this last square, well, which square is it, is it a square with C, right, C, so I had


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is it, is it a square with C, right, C, so I had written determinant, yes, it opens, then it refuses, AD C of determinant, so singular matrix, if any matrix was a singular matrix, then its inverse is not found, remember what is a singular matrix, when we open that matrix and find the determinant, what comes out and it comes out to be zero, so the inverse of such a matrix is ​​not found, and all these operations are performed, now let us come back to the work we were doing. And what happens now


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to the work we were doing. And what happens now is that we are in the company of pandas.Inside, we read joints. Just like you read SQL joints in data base, similarly, what we have here, has anyone ever read about joints? Where did you read about joints in matriculation? In which subject did you study database? If you have studied SQL, you must have read about joints. Look, I am uploading some data. Then I will tell you about joints. I have loaded a data. Okay, listen brother, don't talk. I have


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a data. Okay, listen brother, don't talk. I have one, two, three sheets in the test data. Look, if we have data in multiple sheets or coming from multiple sources, what do we have to do with the data? We have to collect and create one data. Okay, collecting the data and creating one data means combining it. Now, I am doing it here. I have loaded the entire data. Now, which sheet gets loaded in this data? By default, sheet number is zero. So, now what do I say? I load each sheet separately. Zero


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what do I say? I load each sheet separately. Zero will come in it automatically. And what will I do for one? Here, sheet name is one and what will I do for three? Sheet name is this. We have provided the index numbers of all the three sheets, so yes, I have this data in five and this in two. Okay, now we have three sources of data from where we have taken the data. What I want to do is, whenever we look, if the source we have is coming from Excel etc., then we get to know about it. Otherwise,


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etc., then we get to know about it. Otherwise, if we are taking data from a server, then also we get to know about how many tables there are, how many different tables are there in the database, that is the knowledge. Because all the three are of different files, there is a single file of test data, inside it there was sheet index zero, sheet index two, sheet index. I am getting that file read again and again. Tell it to first read sheet zero, then this, and then this. Okay, now the scene is


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then this, and then this. Okay, now the scene is that I have two data sets, zero and one, these are two data frames. What am I doing with them? I did not cut them, read them in two strings, what would they be joined with each other, so what is there here also, what are they connected with? Which one do you want to connect and connect the D1, see it has merged here the first data frame from zero to 8 and then the second one from zero to 10Data frame because in the second data frame there was a


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because in the second data frame there was a column of experience, here there was no column of experience, what value came in the experience column, the value is ok, rest of the index issue, what will be the index, we have reset, I tell here that the data that has been created, I will name it, is the new data ok or the cut data ok, when cut then some values ​​become missing, here the index issue comes, it has its own index and we have index, so what is the solution for that, when you have data,


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is the solution for that, when you have data, what do you do with its index, you reset or reindex, now I told it to reindex, so it reindexed 023 two functions, we have a reset index and a reindex, so I always forget which one does what work, see what it did, it created an index, 0 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 it will be a regular index but it did not do the old one The index has also been retained, so here I can tell it what to do, brother drop false, what should I do to it, drop the old one,


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false, what should I do to it, drop the old one, drop it, now see, this is done, yes you can also do it, now what can I do to it, in place, what should I do, make it true, then here we have some data, the answer did not come in this place, now what should be its index, it has been set, there are different columns common in both the sheets, so this will happen, the data which was present in their columns, its call will come there, the other ones below it will become a, this is what I told, see


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below it will become a, this is what I told, see in experience, this a, why the column of experience was not in def zero, it was in d ave, so its value came, but space will be created, what will come in that space which has been created, a a, so which is fine, yes, yes, ask what is drop, when they reset index, then it provides a new index 0 23, but the old index is also written, so when we make drop true, What do I do to the column of the old index that is coming? I drop it. Okay, let me show


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that is coming? I drop it. Okay, let me show it again, D zero DF and DF to Kankanady, what do I do to drop it? Now see, the new index is coming and the old one is also coming. So, if I do this,Or true the old one will be there, okay, now this has been done, we have done concatenation, we have joined two data frames, what kind of a join is it brother, no, I have one data frame this, the other data frame was this, how did I join the two, top and bottom, where did I tell you, these two could have


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where did I tell you, these two could have been joined like this also, join them like this, okay, join them like this, do it like this, brother, let this be the last, I will bury you and come back, your hiccup which will be the last, it will also be for us, what did you read, it seemed that our child died, just now this scene has happened that when we cut it, yes, this space was created where what came, a value came, so now this has happened, it could also have happened that brother we could


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it could also have happened that brother we could have added it here and that space, etc. it is possible that it could have come here as well, it could be in space r, that space could have come above, we said, we defined this, we defined Kankanedi fault, what did he do, sorry it is here by default, what did he do, what access did he take, brother, zero. Okay, if I do an access, make it one, now where will it be added, it is not equal to the bottom, it has been added here and here space has been


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it has been added here and here space has been created, all right, if it is happening like this then it connects and one can also be one, when will we do it when we have different columns in both the data sets and I want to increase the columns of the data, I have 10 features and in the next data there are five more features and here I have to add all this, then how will I do it, put it on the vertical axis on access one and if the same data set is there, the same name is of one column and I


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is there, the same name is of one column and I want to increase the number of records, then where will I add the records, I will do it below, we have two things, one is we have features, what do we call columns, okay and the other thing we have is records, what do we call them, if I want to add columns to my data, then how will I add two matrices, like this, will this increase the columns, and if I have to do something in the data, If you want to do d then where will the second mattress come,


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to do d then where will the second mattress come, it will come below, it will happen like this, now if there is a stupid person who will do this, he will add a row and the name of the column and the data will change thenIn the column of age, it must be coming up, Abba's name is coming down, it will not happen like that, it should come below both, only then the column of age will increase, so you will have to take a decision at that time or what to do, what happens is that the data is the same,


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to do, what happens is that the data is the same, in one data frame, age is written and in another data frame, student is written, you know the age of both the students is the same, but the data is the same, there is a little difference in the column name, so it does not matter, we will adjust it later, either you first rename the column and bring it later or bring the data later, you have to judge whether to move the age forward or backward, means now you have to convert it, so now in that,


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means now you have to convert it, so now in that, either before cutting, straighten the order, okay, and something will have to be done so that the adjustment is done, you create a data frame by taking data from anywhere and then we know how to reset the column, we also know how to rename the column, we also know how to change the order of the column, first change the order, later take it to convert. Professionally, when we are taking data, if we are working in an organization, then there is a


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are working in an organization, then there is a very stable database, there this difference in the names of the columns does not come up at all because the database admin is managing it, so these differences are less, but if they come from somewhere, then at our end we have to handle it, we cannot go and change the parent database, we do not know why it has kept it like that, we do not even have the right for our purpose and even if we have, then also we will not go and do it because we do not


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also we will not go and do it because we do not know how many people must be sending data by accessing that column of that data table of that data frame, you go and change it, it will get completely stuck, what has happened, it will happen like this, it is written there, I have it, I go, I have access also, what do I do by changing the name of the table inside the database, I do it and come back, now what will happen to the students who have written a query in the department, all the codes will


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a query in the department, all the codes will be read, all their queries will fail, the student will go, then you will not do the work that you do You will have to do it in your system after fetching it, even if you don't do it from Excel like I fetched this data.Okay, after fetching, I am seeing that it is cell ID, just make it ID, you pass it and get on with your work. Why do you need to take responsibility of everyone? Go and change it in the parent right now. Okay, okay, yes, on Excel. They


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parent right now. Okay, okay, yes, on Excel. They think that changing the name of the column will be easy in Excel, but many times it happens that when we are fetching data from a server, if the data is coming from the server through a SQL query, then we will write the details here in Panda itself, we do not have Excel in between. What will I do sitting here, I will import SQL and connect the server and do it. I will now write the SQL query through Panda, connect the server and add the data,


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Panda, connect the server and add the data, Excel is not there in between. It seems very easy for us to say, okay, if we are in Excel system, then what is the problem, but the pipeline working that happens there, adding a third source inside it, adding a layer, those are problems. Okay, it is okay at your system level because if you are doing any If you are working in an organization, then first of all you will have direct access to the data, there will be a person, you will email him, you need


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will be a person, you will email him, you need this thing, you need a column, he will go and run it, he will save it in excel, he will email it to you, then you will work on that data, so this is what happens, every limitation of the organization is there, yes, when you become an old worker, people trust you, then gradually you start getting the rights to things, you get them yourself because now you have the confidence that he will not mess things up, right, most of the times the settings are


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up, right, most of the times the settings are made by you, so you would have used the admin user password and would have been doing the dealings yourself, brother, it is so easy, so what would you write directly, D dot yes PD dot two, sorry, now I have added this data, whatever transformation I would have applied dot two, you will say in which format to save it, Excel CSV, save it in Excel format, what will be the name of the file, requested data dot excel, this file has been created with me.


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dot excel, this file has been created with me. If you are looking for it then just send it back via email to the person who asked for it. Okay, I can find it in CSV and Excel.It is okay to find it, actually it is CSV which is there, go and find it, okay, what is the difference between CSP file and Excel file, well, it is not important to concatenate, it is important to merge, it is very easy to concatenate, you picked it up and placed it on the side, the query for merge, and Insha Allah, we


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side, the query for merge, and Insha Allah, we will study it in the next class, that is very important, okay, there is nothing difficult in life, okay, if you understand it, it is fine, if you do not understand it, then it is difficult, then you will understand it well and Insha Allah you will see that


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We had learnt to make a simple function, yes, okay, so the function that we have till now, the function that we had made, like we had probably made this first, is saying hello to everyone, so it says hello, okay, now I am not feeling well or I have high temperature, my head is bursting, hello, when we call, what will it keep telling us again and again, okay, in this, the function that we have defined, we call this function, what kind of a function is a parameter less function, now what is this,


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is a parameter less function, now what is this, I have written it, it is a parameter less function, okay, what kind of a function is a parameter less function that doesn't ask anything from the caller, it doesn't ask for anything, it just says, okay, call me, I will answer, but if I make a function against this, which is a parameterized function, okay, what does it do, it receives the parameter, like I am making it again, hello, but it will ask you, brother, whom do I want to say hello to, tell


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brother, whom do I want to say hello to, tell me the name, what will it say, then what will I do to that, I will say hello, okay, no hello, right, now when I call it I will say hello come then it will say brother which one is running, I put zero, okay, when I call hello then what will it say to me brother what will it tell me, give me the argument that I want, so here we will supply one thing, we will tell it a name brother, take this, which we will supply from here and what name do we give it,


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supply from here and what name do we give it, this argument when this function is called, to whom will it go, it will be stored with the name, when it reaches the name, then it will be used in the body of the entire function, it will be used in the body of the entire function, right, first when I called it like this, it gave an error and then I call it correctly by giving the argument, then it will say hello, okay, the value that we are supplying is the argument and the variable that is being


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is the argument and the variable that is being received inside the function, we call it parameter, now in the same way I will create a function, make a function of dd, we had created it earlier also, but what will it ask from us, it will ask for two numbers to do dd and what else can we do It will give them, it will make them D. If I run the function MT of D, then it will say that two arguments are required, how many arguments, two arguments, we will have to give the arguments again.We will do


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will have to give the arguments again.We will do it okay, so in this way we can talk to the function, we can give our arguments, we can also open the signature of our function like this, look when we open its signature, what does it need and what are the two values ​​that are required, okay, it is simple, after praying namaz, then working on it, Walekum Salam, how are you, yes friend, that's it, no, dawa, a and ok brother, let's go ahead, okay, we understand the thing about arguments and


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okay, we understand the thing about arguments and parameters, we have two types of arguments, positional argument and keyword argument, okay, like I am making a function of full name, it tells you that brother tell me the first name and last name, okay, what will it do, it will create its full name, first name and last name, okay, I have done it brother, print full name, now look here, now I am calling the function of full name and inside the full name, what is the first argument that I have to


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name, what is the first argument that I have to give, first name, second argument, last Name so basically these are positional arguments what are positional arguments that by position it gets assigned in parameter okay now like if I write the full name of Maas full name Maas then Maas becomes first name and Saf becomes last name so till here it is correct but what did I do in this order I put Tausif first okay so whose name is Maas okay where is the voice coming from right so now what will it


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the voice coming from right so now what will it become Tausif Maas so it means that whatever value is getting passed here by position the first value is going in first and the second value is going in the second parameter if we change the place while writing the argument while sending the value here then what will happen it will get messed up for us it will move back and forth so in this way we have to take care of position in positional argument but the other kind of argument is keyword


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but the other kind of argument is keyword argument that if we have what we do it is exactly like this we have created a function of full name and here But I am calling it by full name but while passing the value, I pass this parameter's name or A key just like I did in the dictionary, right?Right now the last name is Tausif and the first name is First Name. That's it. So now see, there won't be any problem if the size is before or after because we have used the parameter name and the s key


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we have used the parameter name and the s key here. So, you will see the function being created and called in two ways. So, keep this in mind, which function name is this. Yes, this can be the same. There is no issue. This is clear about the position and that. Now, quickly, from this chapter on functions, we have some small exercises. You guys can see them. You will get to do something. This is coming in reading. Right, the function called make shirt except size and the text of the message


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shirt except size and the text of the message should be printed on the shirt. This is the function for make shirt. What will you pass to it, size, medium, large, small, and you will also give a message in the argument, so that the message will be printed on it. The function should print the sentence similar to the size of the shirt and the message will be printed on it. In response, you will have to call the function as you will tell that the size of the shirt is this and this message will be


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of the shirt is this and this message will be printed on it. Okay call the function once using position argument to make a shirt call the function second time using keyword argument quickly write it just wrote in front see its page number is 141 book p is coming and pdf p 142 175 is coming everything is given there is a function of hook shirt in it two parameters will be created which are the size and message you also write it you are doing the work you have hired assistant what's the matter


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work you have hired assistant what's the matter people are hiring AI assistant you have hired this assistant today we have to read a little get up also we have to learn get also yes no the size of shirt will be small medium so in the string the string will be in the string the message will also be in the string get used to writing code what can you do understand the question it's a very simple question and you are done now doing the function once it must have been good it did not work with


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once it must have been good it did not work with anyone then tell me it did not work a little bit remained only two lines had to be written son we had to create a function make shirt it asks us for size and message and simply prints the size is size okay and the message This message was just a small work, first I give the message and then give the size, okay and if I give a direct call then the position comesWe can give the message as an argument but they have said to take the argument so we


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but they have said to take the argument so we are following that, okay brother everyone has done this, okay after this the second thing is the default parameter, what is a default thing, in computer bhaiya the meaning of default is that which is self implemented, isn't it, it is self implemented default, friend, this funti is inside it, so what do we do inside it, in default it happens that brother now this is the function of make shirt, inside it, but you have seen the default value earlier


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it, but you have seen the default value earlier also, you have seen inside print, in the separator the value is already written, default value is okay, at the end this value is written, this is the default value, none is written in front of file, default value is written false in front of flush, the already set value, we overwrite it, we overwrite it, so here I am taking the same function again make shirt and size and I say that I will put a default value in the message, okay great sir now what


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value in the message, okay great sir now what happens is that brother if I make shirt Now I am calling the function and I am just telling the size and if I do not provide the value of the message then now the error will not come that the argument is less or missing because to run it it already has a value in default so now it will run perfectly fine and if I make both the values ​​default and I do not give any parameter then both the default values ​​will be used and if I give then it will be


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​​will be used and if I give then it will be erred I said here large shirt is fine and what other message should I give now it is fine now if I provide then only this one will be used if I do not provide then the default one will be used okay but some things have to be taken care of default values ​​first I create the heading so that this thing is remembered mix of positional and default parameters okay if it comes mixed some values ​​I have to keep as default and some values ​​I have to supply


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as default and some values ​​I have to supply now what happens is if I leave the message blank from here and what size I have put, put the default value it will give you an error what non default argument will come later is following whom the default argument should not beMaybe the non default argument is following which the default is coming after it. Follow means it is coming behind it, it is coming later, this should not happen, always the default parameter will be at the last and the non


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default parameter will be at the last and the non default will be at the beginning, remember this, I will have to put this message here, so this is the issue, so this is the second thing, when we are calling, now from here I will create some other function, I will create a function here that is calculate area, okay, it asks for length and breadth, okay, area is equal to, okay, now what has happened here, I am doing calculate area and first I am writing length, I am giving the value of length as


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length, I am giving the value of length as keyword, okay 23 and the value of breadth is I am giving it as it is, what will happen here also, an error will come, positional argument follows keyword argument, so the positional argument will never come after the keyword argument, you said that it has to be kept first, it has to be kept, what will I do, calculate area, okay, what do I have to give first, now 24 if If I give it first, it will go in the length and then I will say put 23 in the


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in the length and then I will say put 23 in the length, so see what will happen, how will it say, whatever is in the length, you are putting double double value, get multiple values ​​for argument, what did you put first in the length argument, put 24 in the length, after that you are again saying by keyword, what is put in the length, put 23, so the error is being generated, so what is the solution for this, now by going up, I will have to do it back and forth in the function, we do not get


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it back and forth in the function, we do not get into so much trouble, we quickly manage and get out, but sometimes people make mistakes, so we have to keep that in mind, so what will be the solution for this, then we will go up and first bread, then length, this is calculated area, now I have to give bread as it is and in length I have to give the value with the keyword 23, okay, okay, the thing is simple, now what are you saying here in this, modify the function make shirt, write the function


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the function make shirt, write the function again, so that shirts are large by default shirts What will be the default it will be large with the message that reads I love python and the message will also be the default it will be written I love python Make a large shirt and a medium shirt with the defaultT messages and shirts of any size with different messages we have also done that sometimes you provide them sometimes it can use itself write a function called describe city that accepts the


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a function called describe city that accepts the name of a city and its country takes the name of the city and the name of the country the function should print a simple sentence like this this is in island karachi i in pakistan give the parameter of the country a default value call your function three different is simple country name is default set the work done ok return value ok what is the return value till now the work we have done through the function like i say again on y call the


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the function like i say again on y call the function of calculate area and i gave r and f in it calculate area th and f it showed me the area is 15 square meter ok what is this function doing now not now when i called the function it took these two values ​​from me understand it and calculated the area and it told me that your area is this ok now this is what i want That the area which has been calculated, I should use it somewhere else. Okay, use it somewhere else. Like I am coming here and


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use it somewhere else. Like I am coming here and coming out of the function and saying, listen, listen, first, like I am coming out of the function here and saying, print the area, or I want to use the area in some other formula, then what will it say here, that I do not know what area is, now I should know because this area has been calculated. Okay, now what is the issue here, brother, here I am writing the variable of the area, okay, area is a local variable, local variable, you are thinking


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local variable, local variable, you are thinking what is a local variable, so it is such a variable, okay, a variable is defined and it is inside the function, where is it created and where does the value come in it, look inside the body of the function, it is created here and its value is also calculated here inside the function, okay, so what kind of variable is this, it is a local variable, it cannot be accessed outside the function, it is inside the body of the function cannot access


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is inside the body of the function cannot access outside. Did you understand the sentence? The variable which is created inside the function has its value also inside. We cannot access that variable outside the function because itWhat kind of variable is that? It is a local variable. Its scope is only within the function. It cannot be utilized outside the function. We tried that but I don't know because a function is an isolated block. The entry that is available inside it is available only


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that is available inside it is available only after calling it. So, when we are not able to enter inside it, we cannot directly take out the items inside it. When the function is called, we get the entry inside it only. Like, if we call it from here, then we get the entry inside. The area is calculated and it is printed and we come out from here. But because what kind of variable is that? It is a local variable. We cannot access it outside. So, what should I do now? Okay, what should I do now?


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what should I do now? Okay, what should I do now? I want to utilize that area outside. So, we tell the function to throw that value from inside. Understand that some work is happening in the isolated boundary and I want that value outside. So, from here, I tell it to throw the value outside. So, what do we do to throw it outside? Do we return? Return Now I will not get it printed here. Now I am telling it that your job is not to print, your job is to just calculate and give it to me. Whatever


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is to just calculate and give it to me. Whatever else I have to print, I will do it. Now what I am doing here is return area. So when it returns from here, I will receive that value outside. The one who would have called it will get the catch. What did we do, return area. Now look here I call the function of calculate area. I said 12 45 right. Now as soon as it is called, all this will be calculated and it will throw the value out from here and that value will come and fall. We will see by


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and that value will come and fall. We will see by tucking it on top of it. This value has fallen here. I can save it here. In the variable of calculated area, it was inside in the print. No, yes, I had done the print inside the function. Look, I had given b in it. I had done the print inside the function. If I had kept this print outside the function, then the same error would have come. Which error would have come? The area is only for this. It was available inside the scope, what is it saying


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was available inside the scope, what is it saying area not defined butIf it is inside then it will work, okay, so now when I did the return, it calculated here and threw it out from here, so it will fall in the lap of the person who made the call, it will fall in the lap of the person who made the call, it fell here and after falling from here we put the type, now I can type anywhere in the entire notebook, that thing has come to me, it is clear, which area should we take out, you are telling


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which area should we take out, you are telling this area which was calculated, what should we do with it, I mean, look at the value, the area is not happening even now, but we have saved it after doing a return, so it is happening, but even now if this area is, it knows this calculated area, now you click on it, yes, whatever I click on delete calculated area, that's it, now you tell me what will the calculated area say, I deleted the calculated area from the memory, yes, if I call this


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area from the memory, yes, if I call this function again, then the value will come inside it, I ran it again, now I am not pressing delete, now I am checking the value again below, so we have again today brother yes Calculated area, calc, other one, I put it wrong here, calculated area, okay, delete, just wait for a minute in the original state, I am not finding it now, I will run it again and I am not running delete and I am getting it, it is happening, okay, I understood this much, now we


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happening, okay, I understood this much, now we have to use it in many functions again and again, so when you do this work so many times like this, you will not have to think or do not have to write, it must be happening automatically, but if you are doing it for the first time, then what is the error coming in every thing, right, you have not written write, execute that cell, I was just going to teach this, next this function which has been written, I have put return area in it, run this cell,


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I have put return area in it, run this cell, now run this cell, run it, now print the calculated area, check, return throws the value from inside, to take anything out of that block from inside the function, we can use return, yes, bring it here, there is a spelling mistake, now it is not coming, right, there is a spelling mistake, have you written calculate, you have written this You are calling calculate, what is written here, calculate it, the calculated area is fine, it is correct nowWhat


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calculated area is fine, it is correct nowWhat will I do tomorrow, calculate area is done, now the value will come inside and calculate, brother, till here it is clear, listen brother, are you able to understand this game, how are we receiving the value after it is written, what are we doing, what if I have a function, okay, I am writing a function which tells me to make a count like this, count capital letter, okay, it will get some text or whatever text comes, from that which letters will it


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text comes, from that which letters will it count, how will it do that letter, apply a for loop and after applying the for loop I say for character, pick one character from this text, okay, pick a character from the text, every character will have to be checked whether it is capital or not, okay, if I can create a cut of the count now, but I will not make it foreign, so that other people can understand that now if this thing is needed, then now this variable will have to be defined, why will I


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this variable will have to be defined, why will I create it in advance, it means I know that all the variables have been defined and later the work has been done, okay, so now what should I do, if I am able to understand that each character will be picked up from the text if there is a way by which I can check that the character is a capital letter is upper case okay character dot if it is upper case then this thing is true if this is true then what do I have to do I have to take it out and


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what do I have to do I have to take it out and keep it outside one thing I can also do this I can take out all the upper case letters and put them in a list or I just want to count so now I say what should I do in count increase it by one but this variable of count is created didn't it become first the variable of count is also created here what should I do okay earlier the count was zero if it is then it will become plus in the end at the end the loop will be done all the counts will come and


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loop will be done all the counts will come and what do I do from here I should write it back now I should write any paragraph in count capital letters here should I write paragraph this is big okay now why is there an error it is multi line str so I have to put it in triple quotes remember one two three one twoti okay so how many cuts The letter aa comes inside it, count the pa, don't trust me, trust the python brother, I am not trustworthy, one, two, three, and and four, and the id pa, one


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one, two, three, and and four, and the id pa, one after every full stopOh just wait a minute, let me listen to you, first let me make it clear, we have these five first letters in five lines, what are they capital, ok what are you saying, did you say anything like that, we never said anything like that, light it or do it, okay, when I told him, he said let's do it, ok, now I understood, now see, when I counted, it returned me one number, I wrote down the count of all of them, now what do I do,


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down the count of all of them, now what do I do, now I say here that understanding print is a very important thing, people always get stuck in this, they remain stuck till the end, what did I write in print, count capital letters and this paragraph, I copied it and stored it in a variable named text, okay, this is a variable text, I stored it, I changed it and made it cute, now I am saying count capital letters and here I passed this text, the thing is the same, now the written text that is


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thing is the same, now the written text that is coming is getting printed, the value that is coming back from there, I am getting that value printed, that is, I got it printed. Which difference did it make? There was no difference. Even if I did not print it, the value was being returned and shown to me. I got it printed properly. Now what is the problem? The problem is that I define this function again here and this time it does not return the value. Nothing is being returned or nothing is


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value. Nothing is being returned or nothing is being returned from here. And I say that brother this count capital letters, I call you, I call you, okay now tell me what answer is going to come. What will happen, see where will it try to print it because no value is returned from there. And if you print that function, then you will not do the same. If I return this, if I return this, then what will happen, the problem will be solved. Okay, now what is the value falling here near print? Instead


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is the value falling here near print? Instead of this, f is put and what is print doing? It is getting it printed. Okay, now one more thing, when we see, here none is coming, I have a string value. I said friend, I have a Pakistan. I say, what should I do with it brother? convert it into it will be okay convert it into upperIt will go well, I tell it to print it, it will be done, why is this happening because it is a function of joy upper, it is returning a value, that is why print is able to


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returning a value, that is why print is able to print it, that is why print is able to print it, now look here, now I make a list here, I wrote here brother 431 278, okay and I told it here to sort the list, what do I do, do it or do this, then what answer will I get, right 15 42 78, now I am executing it, no answer, why is no answer coming because it is not returning at all, it sorts it permanently in the memory, now if I put this thing in print, what will the print get, the same thing is not


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what will the print get, the same thing is not coming, so any such function which is not returning, so it was our function, I also checked the button which is not returning, if you put it in print by mistake, it is not coming, you are getting worried, there is no need to worry, the function does not return, okay, the function of head sees what does it return, for this you can understand now I have come, okay, we don't have a function for sorted, we don't have a function for list, we can't say


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we don't have a function for list, we can't say y, this is a way when things get updated permanently in the memory, then those outputs don't come, as I had taught you in strings, see this thing, now like I just did here, Pakistan dot up, when I am running y and the output is coming, it means this permanent change is coming as a copy because string is Italian, so it is coming as a copy, it is not a permanent change, Pakistan will remain Pakistan, its variable inside the memory, but if this is a


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its variable inside the memory, but if this is a permanent change, it will get updated in the memory, then what is its indication, nothing will come in the output on the screen, the value will not be returned from there, so from this I will know that the value is not being returned, so this change is permanent, but if you want, it can also be returned, not after it is done, if it is a built-in function, it is a created function, then we cannot go inside it and change it, it means that we are


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go inside it and change it, it means that we are creating our own function and saying that brother, okay, run the update, also get the return done, also get it printed, then do it okay but Bilton is a defined function of it, weWe cannot change the settings. Okay, so now you understand why the answer is coming as none. Yes, the return function is not returning any value. That is why the function which is saying that it will print the value does not have any value. So it is saying none. And the


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not have any value. So it is saying none. And the interesting thing is that if I leave the print blank open like this, then what will your print reply be? Now right now the print will say none. Okay, but if there is a function sitting inside, then print then waits for an input. No input has come from there. So specifically, it says that nothing has come and it is empty. So it is saying that it is empty, nothing is sitting inside. Okay, yes, absolutely, take the print again. Look at it here, it


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take the print again. Look at it here, it will come. Okay, now you want to extract the letter. So what is the problem in that, friend? Just this, get this account done as well. Get it appended as well. Append that character as well. But have you made a list of what will it do? So for appending, I will make a list of capitals. Okay, now there will be a count as well. Now what am I doing while returning? Now while returning I am returning the count as well as the list. I am returning two things.


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as well as the list. I am returning two things. Okay, now when I do this here, count capital letters and call it text, then what will we get? I reversed the string of A. Friend, capital will come here and character will come here. Okay, that's right. So here I told the function to return two things. Now if I want to separate these two, then I will do it. It is coming in the form of a tuple, right? So I will give it here. The first one is the count and the second one is the list. Two things will


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and the second one is the list. Two things will come and fall near it. The first thing will go in the first variable and the second one will go in the second. This is what I taught you, unpacking the list, unpacking the tuple. Fi came in the count and came in the list. Okay, now quickly work on it. Write all this code from here. It is a simple thing. First do this, first do this. Just get to know what is happening. Keep doing it quickly. I will keep doing it below and keep writing this as well.


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doing it below and keep writing this as well. There will be a line drawn let's go and do it, ok now see we have everythingThis is an assignment, oh yes friend, how many people use git, why do they use it, why does everyone use it, why do you use it, okay, yes, they use it like this, brother, and how many people know what git is, good, it is right to consider it as a download and how many people know what is a git, what is a get, okay, if they knew then why are they sitting here, look friend,


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knew then why are they sitting here, look friend, there are many other platforms like get or geth which are used, this is a kind of thing, we call it what is the use of a developer, I mean, like we all work immediately, okay, basically what is this, we cannot understand it completely at one time, just like this, first of all, it is a version control system, you will not understand this right now, no problem, you just understand that what I have to do with my code, I have to save it, okay, and I


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do with my code, I have to save it, okay, and I have to save it in such a way that I have different copies of my code daily, today if we do this work manually, then I will be able to save today's date I will create a folder, okay, tomorrow when I work, I will make a copy of that folder, then again I will create a folder of tomorrow's date in it, yes, then I will make the last folder final, then the next day if there is any change in it, then final one will come, then final two, final three,


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final one will come, then final two, final three, then the last one will be full final, then inside that now there will be a folder named last final that this is definitely final, it happens like this, when we run out of vocabulary, then we start with 1st word, that's it, what happens after that is that we have a lot of folders, if the project is of 50 days, then 50 folders are created and there is so much duplication inside it that in every folder, the work of complete 49 folders is also


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folder, the work of complete 49 folders is also there, it will be like this, right friend, why do we need a copy, yes, why do we need a copy, a copy of every day's code is needed because son, you worked yesterday, if you were doing a very good job yesterday, many people praised you a lot, today when you started working, when you ran that code, I don't know What happened to her, I don't know what happened, I don't know what happened, what happened, I don't know what happened, now I inserted my


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I don't know what happened, now I inserted my finger here and there, here and thereI don't know what happened where, then what do we say, friend, let's pick up yesterday's version, okay, let's see it again, so that's why we have to keep a copy of the old version so that at any moment we can go back a step and look at what was the issue, so now this whole system, this whole mechanism, I have made a very elaborate thing and told you that brother, you can make copies of it, but in real life, you


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you can make copies of it, but in real life, you don't do all the work alone, many people are working, many people evolve in it, now how will all the people work together and how will the work of all the people be collected together and how will it be known who did what work, who did what, how will the track of all these things be kept, so it is a long story which you will understand with time, then I am saying that you should understand that I can understand the whole gate by sitting in one


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I can understand the whole gate by sitting in one class or in one day, I cannot understand everything completely, but for now, what will you keep in your mind that like I keep my code on the drive I keep it on some other private storage. Which ones are there? I keep it on one drive. So, where will I keep my code? I will keep it on GitUp. There will be two systems of this. One system will be running on your own machine and one system will be on the cloud, which will be remote and will be on


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on the cloud, which will be remote and will be on their server. What to sell? For example, what to sell? What to sell? Actually, I am not able to understand. I am not going to sell. I am troubled by this. This is the first time I have heard that you can sell something. Okay, actually you cannot sell it. Okay, yes, you can sell it somewhere else. If your code is sold, if it is sold, you can download it from the GitUp ID. You can do this but you cannot sell it there. So, what do we do? Brother,


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cannot sell it there. So, what do we do? Brother, the first thing we have to do is to install Git in our system. The version control system is not the only one. There are many version control systems out there. Get Bit Bucket. I remember I used to use Bit Bucket in 2010. At that time, no one used all these things. The services that Git is providing are non-parallel, okay?People are using git hub and git lab, right? So what do we have to do first? Look, I am saying again, you are not worried


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Look, I am saying again, you are not worried right now, what is happening? Now you should understand the work that we are doing and this has to be done like this, slowly it will open on its own, its netbold will come to you. So what do you have to do, you have to download get, we will download get, it will come to us. If you want to do it for Windows, we have clicked on windows, okay, you can check the system, is your system 32 bit or 64 bit, okay, how do you check the bit, how many four bits


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how do you check the bit, how many four bits are there, you will come here in your my computer or this pc, where is it, come from here, right click here and come to properties, here you will see your int8 generation this 20gb and what is written here, 64 bit operating system, okay, or you will go to my system which is 64 or 3 642, its data is registered, basically okay, so according to that, you can click on it and download it. And if you install it, it will get installed within a few seconds.


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it, it will get installed within a few seconds. If it is installed, when you write git here, you should see git bash git or git cmd. If it appears, it means that the git in your system has been installed. Now what we have to do is that whatever we are working in, in the folder where we are working, this is our Python folder. So, I open a terminal here. I opened the terminal and installed git in our entire system. Git is kind of like monitoring our code, watching it. But what we have to do is to


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code, watching it. But what we have to do is to activate git in our folder. If we do not activate it, it will always remain there. As soon as I write git on y and activate it, then this git will appear. What is the meaning of repository in this folder? Like we say folder in Windows. In Git language, it is called repository. When I execute this, you will see that nothing is visible. It has just created a hidden repository. Which repository is hidden which is not visible. If I view the hidden


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hidden which is not visible. If I view the hidden items, then I see this of Git here.A folder has been created with us, it is visible to everyone, so it has been created with us, we don't have to do anything with it, that's why it is kept hidden, you don't need to tamper with it, bring back the hidden item, now when the group sits on 'y', it means what happened to my project, we have also brought the gate and placed it in that project that come, your work will also start, okay, okay, not now,


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your work will also start, okay, okay, not now, see now the group has come and sat now what do I have to do now I have to come here, first run which command, in the second command I run it on 'y', which command, just ask the status group, you do it, what is your status updated, it says brother I am in a master branch, in which branch, what is master branch, have you heard the word of master, have you ever heard the word of Ustaad ji, I don't see anyone of you that old, in the olden days, when


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anyone of you that old, in the olden days, when someone got married, a movie was made, the cameraman used to come and make it, he used to make cassettes, those cassettes used to go to people's houses, give me your wedding movie, we will see it, remember To whom or to whom, raise your hand, this is okay, what he used to do was that he used to give you a cassette which was very shiny and he used to say that this is the master copy, do not give it to anyone, I have made two more copies of this,


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to anyone, I have made two more copies of this, keep playing this one, the print of the master was good, there were no lines in it, the sound was correct, remember, so it used to be the master copy, so what did we do here, the folder that we have created is our working folder, we have edited git in it, then git is assuming that this is your main working folder, no copy of it has been made, right now this is the master, right, then for us if something gets deleted from here, then it will get


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gets deleted from here, then it will get deleted, so what is this folder brother, what is it calling branch, what is it saying, as many copies of it as I will keep making, so it means what will I keep making, I will keep making branches, okay, I will keep making branches, so which branch am I in right now, master, so you understood the word master, okay, git says I have not done any work till now, what can I do, no commit, I have not made any commit. I did not commit, let me tell you what it


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commit. I did not commit, let me tell you what it means or why it is untrackedFile untrack file Now we had said that we have locked the git here, but the git is not working right now because if I lock the git here and I am sitting here, but all of you are present here, but for the git also, all of you are untracked, right now it is sitting, sleeping, it is not keeping an eye on any of you, who is awake, who is completing his sleep, who is taking rest, it is not observing anything, so that is


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rest, it is not observing anything, so that is why the files which are present in the folder right now, all these files are coming, none of these files are under the observation of git right now, but git is present, so the file which is not under observation, will that file be untracked, will it be untracked, now what have I started to do, I write here, look here brother what did I write, after adding get d, I gave a space, I wrote python 2, not this one, not this one, I am pressing tab, tab


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this one, not this one, I am pressing tab, tab this one, I pressed p, so all the files were opened with p Files are coming, all the files starting with P are coming, get python two, if you won't do it like this then type it by hand, okay, write python two here, press tab, otherwise you will have to write the full extension, python d iva a, I entered it, no, when I pressed enter, it became silent, it did not give any error, it did not give any warning either, it means that he said my son, this


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either, it means that he said my son, this python two has come, it has come in his hand, python two has now come under his observation, now I ask it again, now tell me what is the status saying, it has not come yet, friend, why has python two also not come, why is this not possible, this is starting with capital, ok, do it again brother, it is case sensitive, it doesn't happen, I don't know, I python two, I python two has come now, okay, now I asked it again, please tell me what difference is


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asked it again, please tell me what difference is visible in the status now, some are green, some are red, right, this which is turning green, git is saying that a new file has come to me. I have a new file, what is its name, python, ok, if you put this file on git, what does it mean that we have staged it in front of git, git yyy, you are ok, it is clear, how many commands did I run, one getit's the second status, third, okay, I'm going to run the fourth command, get commit, what does commit


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the fourth command, get commit, what does commit mean, one is commit, suicide, someone has committed, it means to do something, yes, do something, either read Python or do something, then comment, you are telling git to commit, friend, you will use this word again and again, while working somewhere, I have committed, yes, I have done it, okay, while working on the code, I have committed, yes, I have done it, what happens by committing, it gets created, okay, that's why nowadays it is written in


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okay, that's why nowadays it is written in the office also, it is pasted on the wall, where is it put, where are the fire extinguishers, cylinder bottles are put, it is written there, nowadays in case of fire get commit and commit, if there is a fire, then first do a commit, then run away, like if you do a commit, that court will go, it will go to the cloud, then even if it burns, there is no issue, okay, by committing, the version will be created, so do commit minus m, okay, this means that


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so do commit minus m, okay, this means that after committing, what am I writing, I am writing a message that I have What work have you done, what am I writing brother, I have not done any work, okay, what have I written in the message, I did not do any work, I did it, so it means that whatever work I have done till now, a copy of it has been made, a copy of it has been made, I can check it by writing gut log, it is telling how many commits I have made, go and grab that email id, because of this


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made, go and grab that email id, because of this the ban has come, when, at what time, what comment was made and what was written, I have not done any work, okay, in which branch have you died, directly in master, okay, that's it, till here, how many commands have we read, it status, commit log of five things, you have to download and do this work in your folder, okay.


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Okay, now attention [music] data loading and we were looking a little bit at how we tidy up our data. In that I had told you that we can fix the column names, we can set the color. After that how to handle missing values. And in handling of 'l' we had said that there is a have to option and the data can be dropped or it can be filled up. So this is a function which tells us how many missing values ​​are present in which column. Yes, okay, is null is also a similar function. It goes and checks


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is also a similar function. It goes and checks every value. If it is null, then true is written there. It collects all the true values ​​and then the count comes. Not null is its opposite. Not null is also its opposite. We can draw this. I have also written that, I hope everyone must have revised it. Yes, they did. By default access is zero. It will drop the rows having a value. All those rows will be dropped which have an 'a' value. If I access one, then all those columns will be dropped which


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one, then all those columns will be dropped which have 'a' values. And finally only one column was left of serial, then we had read how that how any and how l what did it mean, tell me what will any do if even a single any value in any row is missing then the entire row and what does it mean it will not delete until all the values ​​are not all right, similarly we had mentioned subset here, what did it mean that it will look at only these two columns, if all of these two are missing then that


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if all of these two are missing then that record will be deleted, okay and if we put a 'in' in this also, if even one of these two is missing then it will get dropped, okay then we read one more thing that what did that th th mean, brother tell me if four values ​​in any row are okay, that means even if there are 50 columns but in four of those columns, in four columns of a row, if the value is okay, then it will not be deleted, okay, then it will not be deleted, I understand the point, okay


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will not be deleted, I understand the point, okay and if there are less than four values, the rest are becoming A, there are three OK values, if there are values ​​of two, then it will get deleted, right, this is what we are talking about, if I delete those data, that data what did I start to do it started to drop again and again okay second option I said [music] missing value okay filling in the missing values ​​let me load the data again fWhat do I do, I have data, I say to def e a and tell


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do I do, I have data, I say to def e a and tell me how much is the sum then it says one value in apple id, three values ​​are missing in designation, four in department, one in age, three in salary, now what options do we have to fill, okay I do one thing, brother I say def dot fill a, fill this, okay and I say take a hard coded value, here data should be written, what are you doing, you are saying something, what are you saying to that, you have been saying for a long time, well when I do this


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been saying for a long time, well when I do this fill any data missing, then you will see wherever there was n, what will be written there, data missing, data missing, data missing, okay right, I say to fill a value here with some hard coded value, if you do not do this, do not make the data missing, then what other option could I have put, yes, many people had said in the beginning that if the data is missing, then put zero in its place, what to do, fill it with zero, now the salary is zero,


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to do, fill it with zero, now the salary is zero, this is understandable, okay, age is zero What should we do with this? Okay, zero is written in place of account department. By the way, if we go further ahead and study Arim, if we are studying machine learning, then we can put zero there. Its meaning is understood by the user that there is missing data but zero is written in officer. So, is zero a good choice? Is writing data missing like this is a good choice? Then what should we do? Okay, we


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a good choice? Then what should we do? Okay, we should fill the data properly. Now when we fill, we have many options. So we first explore them. Either you can give a value, like I gave zero, I said data missing. Do we also have a method? Now what is the method? We have three or four methods. Okay, they are coming down here. It says that Fb fill is also back fill. F fill means forward fill and non is an option. What does L do? Prop last valid observation forward to next lead. I am not able to


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forward to next lead. I am not able to understand right now what do you mean by back or by when I say that brother back. Fill is okay or should we talk about fill or forward fill what does it mean propet last valid observation i.e. look here I said in taking fill I said in method f fSo he will come here to see in the employee ID if something is missing I wait a minute here something is missing in the l id this is missing now what did I tell him f fill so what does f fill mean he will start


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him f fill so what does f fill mean he will start filling forward but what will he start filling he said last valid observation so what is the valid observation before this 108 so it will fill it and wherever there will be a what will it fill in the last valid observation now there is also a test in this you will have to take care like if it comes on this column designation position comes then what is the position of this a officer but now there is no a ahead but when this one comes then what


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is no a ahead but when this one comes then what will be its last designation coincidentally he is an officer it could have been something else also okay what is this one also coincidentally he is an officer ok okay so as far as valid observations were found nn kept on filling forward till it finished then if it does not come again then it will take forward fill see the one behind you what is behind me okay what is behind me propagate that one forward will give okay yes it is not a question of


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will give okay yes it is not a question of right or wrong listen brother this is their question then this will be called correct data the problem is what is our problem and what are we thinking in our mind for its solution okay if someone says put zero then he is putting zero if someone is putting zero then there must be some reason what is he going to do okay so it comes up to the problem in hand what are you thinking for its solution okay you are thinking to put zero it is okay put it I am


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are thinking to put zero it is okay put it I am thinking no put something else I will fill according to my own because what is going on in my mind only I know what am I thinking next what am I planning okay so you cannot call any work wrong if this work was wrong then why is it given brother it is a simple thing if this is not a good thing what is the need to write backward fill or forward fill okay it means this is okay now another issue has come to this if the first value becomes A then whom


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to this if the first value becomes A then whom will it see its no one will come this will not be filled this will remain A no I said in this feel he sees the person behind him, what is it, he should feel from that, there is nobody behind it, he cannot feel, well similarly when he talks about backward feel, then what will it see brother, okay this isOr you will see that there is nothing ahead of this, so this also will not be filled, this also will not be filled, this will be filled by whom, it


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not be filled, this will be filled by whom, it will be filled by the office boy, this will be filled by whom, it will be filled by both the accountants, okay, now we will try both, okay, did you understand, now I am filling here, df, I wrote in method method, a fill, okay, when we did it, see what came here in forward fill, what came on 10 y, okay, this one is highlighted so that it is visible here, I have forgotten above, which one was not there, what should I do with this, if I fill b, if I


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what should I do with this, if I fill b, if I fill backward, then you will see that this last one is not getting filled, it is clear, okay, pretty straight forward, it is not that much of an issue, so one way is that I can fill those values ​​by backward fill or forward fill, right, now whenever any hard coded value is being given, then there is my choice, salary is missing, I will put his salary as 50 lakhs. Correct but will it be correct to put 50 lakhs no no then at the end what should I put


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50 lakhs no no then at the end what should I put his salary here if the salary is missing then what should I put brother okay what salary just now he said put average salary should I take it from average we will have a little discussion on this how many people know what is average I am not asking the formula friend what is average is a value how will both the things come in it at the most that ha ha ha ha the question still remains the same I don't even know what is average you are from class


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even know what is average you are from class brother I don't even know what is average what do I need to know good look at my question again now because you guys are students of data right then you should have your analytical skills okay when you do any calculation some result will come and the numerical result will be the result in the form of numbers from that number you have to learn to infer what is this number this number is telling us okay what is this number telling us are you


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us okay what is this number telling us are you understanding it okay now I am asking you what is average What happens is you are teaching me to plus all the numbers and divide them by the total. I am asking you what is this number that has come out? What is the average? This will tell you a lot about it.What are you getting to know, what are you getting from this, what are you understanding, I am saying that the average age of this class is 25 years, so now the average age of the judge is 25


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years, so now the average age of the judge is 25 years, so what am I trying to say, I see, we have studied this in schools, okay, there is a terminology used which we call central tendency, okay, if you must have gone to school, you must have studied it, no, their college is near, so Ama directly sent that, central tendency, okay, so the average or mean is the center point of your data, what is it, that is, when I am saying that the age of this class is 25, the average is 25, then what am I


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class is 25, the average is 25, then what am I saying that the age of all the other people will be around 25, what are you inferring, what are you getting from that thing, I am saying, friend, the standard deviation is coming so much, now you keep telling me the formula of standard deviation, it is of no use, should I write the formula to find the average, I will write dot mean, the average will come, now I have the formula Now I have to understand that what am I inferring from the value that


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that what am I inferring from the value that has come to me, okay, what am I understanding, what is this value telling me, should I take a decision on this? In understanding, you have to think of things in this way, by definition, you have read the formula, you may remember it or you may not remember it, you can do it by mistake, but what is the job of the analyst, that he should do the analysis and explain the number that comes in words to the other person, okay, so when you are not able to


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other person, okay, so when you are not able to infer that brother, this number that has come, this value that has come is big, it has come small, it should have been small or big or it should have been moderate, then what should you explain, yes we know that the average has come, we know that the variance has come, but at this time I am not able to understand whether this standard deviation is good for me or it is good for me to come less, then what is the benefit, okay, what should I do by


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what is the benefit, okay, what should I do by remembering the formula, okay, so what are you inferring from it, what do you know We are taking it on which no one can do anything so that decision making can be done. So what is average? Average of any data, when I take the average of anythingSo let me tell you, this is the point where all the other points lie around whether it is salary or not. Now you may remember the formula or not, but now I am telling you that the salary is coming to an


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I am telling you that the salary is coming to an average of one lakh rupees. It means that the salary of most people is around one lakh. There will be 80, 90, 10, 15 outliers as well. We will discuss it now. After praying, we will come. Okay, so what is univariate and bivariate? When we are studying a single column, it is called univariate. When we are studying more than one column, it is called bivariate. Now, as I am talking about salary, I am studying the salary column. What is the lowest


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am studying the salary column. What is the lowest salary in the salary column? What is the highest salary in the salary column? Okay, what is the average salary? So I am talking only about the salary column. It means I am studying univariate. Okay, univariate. I am studying, so when I am studying univariate, I try to find out the central tendency of my column, what is the central tendency, that is, I try to find out the center of my column, I have explained to you the meaning of center, that


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have explained to you the meaning of center, that the center will be such a value in whose surroundings most of the values ​​will be coming within its surroundings, that is what we call central tendency, or in Urdu we used to read it that what is the central trend of the data, in which direction is it, when we talk about central tendency, since childhood we have been reading some things, like you said average, there is no difference between the two, okay, what is the second one, brother is


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the two, okay, what is the second one, brother is median, and what is the third one, brother is mode, okay, it is like this, everyone knows this, okay now what is mean, so we have just discussed it, okay, what is the center of data, median, what is the center of data, mode, repeated value, but what do these three give us about the data, the center of data, their formula is different, the calculation is different, but what do these three tell us, the center value tells us. When all three centres


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the center value tells us. When all three centres tell the value then what is the need for three, what is the need to spend so much wastefully, yes so yes yes, meaning when all three are not centres then why three functionsWhat is the need of this, are you understanding the point? Look, we have to use all three after thinking carefully. We have to use all three after thinking carefully. Okay, brother, come back, so all three are used at different places. Okay, we use them at different places.


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places. Okay, we use them at different places. Like, when we are talking about mean, okay, then sometimes the mean is not the true center of our data. Okay, that means, you should understand what I am saying like this. Like in this data, so let's see, who is saying this. So now if I say from here dd dot salary dot mean, then how much mean salary is coming out? It is approximately 97000. Okay, but if this happens, friend, in the employee data set, there are some values, now what have we done, we


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there are some values, now what have we done, we have increased some values, let me load it again. Now how much do we have? Okay, let me take a simple example. Maybe we are not able to understand this much. What we have here is six, eight, seven, six, eight, 15. It is 25, okay? It is 10, right? What will be the average? For example, for Apple, what do you do now? Remove these three values. What will the total be? 10. And how much will it be? 19 and 6, 40, 46, 54, 63, 63, and divided by 8, how


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and 6, 40, 46, 54, 63, 63, and divided by 8, how much will it be? How much will 7 be? Try it, friend. So what is the average now? 7 87 7.87. But if one more value is added to it, 28, how much will it be? 63, 28, how much will it be? 73 83 93 91 91, okay, 91, di ba. How much will it become? 10. Now, where did our mean go directly from 7.87? It went to 10.1. This 20. If one more value comes here, it becomes 27, then what will happen now? If 27 becomes divisible by 10, how much will it become? You


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divisible by 10, how much will it become? You see, And let's do this, if some values ​​​​approximately 50 come together then what will happen, yes 168 11 how much is 15, okay so now this 15.2 is the center of our data, no, where are most of the values, most of the values ​​are here, okay so now what is the problem, if I say the average value is 15.2, then no, that is not the true center, it happens that large values ​​​​are included in our data and they are small or are outlier values, what


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and they are small or are outlier values, what happens, then we find the meanWe do not use this but what do we use median what is median the middle value if we sort these values ​​together what will happen 6 6 7 8 8 and no no 10 after that 27 28 and 50 how many values ​​are there total 11 five values ​​here five values ​​here which is the middle value now tell me is this the true representation or not yes what do you say so that's why the average is not always the true representation if we have


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is not always the true representation if we have outliers in the data okay that means here if there are salaries okay and someone's salary is missing and you average the salary first you should see what is the minimum value what is the maximum value if those outliers are coming there and outliers cannot be just big values ​​small values ​​can also be outliers okay so then because of that the value that will be filled here will not be the true representation okay when will we use the mode now


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representation okay when will we use the mode now see here what is the mode brother most repeated value The most repeated value in the data is called the mode. So, when I say that we have to fill the designation, then should we find its mean, find its median, no, right? This is a value, this category is the total value, its mean, median will not be found. So, what will we take for this, we will take its mode, we will fill it with the mode, what will we do, we will fill it with the mode, the


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will we do, we will fill it with the mode, the thing is getting similar, when we are filling, we will work in this way, now I come to how to fill it, what do you have to do in filling it, now the value that has to be given, give any hash value, give mapping value, give series, give any data frame, fill it with anything, don't give anything, so what are we doing here, we are giving mapping to it, what are we giving, that is, we are passing the dictionary, what are we saying, brother, if


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the dictionary, what are we saying, brother, if something is missing from the designation, then with what, fill it with mode, what did we say, if there is a column designation, then with what, with whose mode, fill it How do I write the mode of designation? Data frame dot designation dot mode is ok, new dot mode, but there is a problem, if I take out this mode like this, then first I should check its answer, its answer is coming out as this, SiriIt is coming in the shape of j and I need to fill


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is coming in the shape of j and I need to fill a series here, I need to fill this string value. Okay, in the coming time if I fill it, it will burst. Okay, what we had was the column [music] designation and D was taken out. See, did it get filled or not? So the reason for this is that the value itself is not suiting. I need to pick this from within. What do I need to pick? A mode is not necessary that only one mode comes. Two modes can also come. It is possible that two values ​​are found equal


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It is possible that two values ​​are found equal number of times. Officer is also there 10 times. Manager is also there 10 times. Then it will show two modes. Okay, how many modes will it show? Then we will choose one of them. So now I need to choose this value. So if I need to choose a value from the series, then what do I give, its index. So what do I write in front of it, zero. Now the answer that will come will be a string. It means that what will I have to write here in mode every time. I


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will I have to write here in mode every time. I will have to write the index. Now see, your fill up is done. Okay, now you will remember the fill up. If you are in the mode, two modes will also come here. Even then our problem will be solved, he will pick the one with zero, he can pick any one, yes it will become three, but pick the first one with zero index, okay, not just this, now I will proceed further, apart from the comma designation, if there is a column of department, whose column, if


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there is a column of department, whose column, if it is a column of department, then what to do, so department dot sorry df dot department df def dot department dot what will come here also brother mode bracket zero, okay and what is the third one, what should I do brother, if there is a column of age for j, then def dot age dot mean, okay, what will happen, is there any problem, has anyone brought the age of 00 years, no, okay, so I put the mean and the next call, which salary, we have written


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and the next call, which salary, we have written here, if there is a column of salary, then def dot salary dot, you can just fill it from main and it will be fine, you can check it later, I ran this and here all this salary maily is there, now what have all my columns become, what have happened with the relevant values ​​in one go, okay, all the missing values ​​are gone. Whose I have kept it in it, it is written in Expo Asian, there is no issue, okay, four is written so take it after point


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okay, four is written so take it after point decimal or four digitsGo, you have studied scientific notation, haven't you read it, abey friend, no son, you will have to practice, why will you have to remember, what is this I have written, brother, in childhood we used to write by using y, the teacher used to teach us to count zeros, if the value is so big, then how do we make it smaller, 88 in ek doti cha pa 6 sa, here is the decimal, how many decimals are there, after shifting, so what is the


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are there, after shifting, so what is the power of 10, from and if it is written like this [music] 005, okay, now I wrote 5.7, how many zeros are there, t 3 4 5 6 7 in power of 10 minus, this is written to the power of 10 plus f, so what should I do with it, I y g tooth f y will come to one two three char y ho, okay, read this, yes, I did not understand, who did not understand, okay, okay, okay brother, okay, look brother, when the values ​​become large, then we write them by shortening them,


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large, then we write them by shortening them, like if I have to write 57 y, I have to write this, now if I have to write this again and again on the register, then it will become difficult, sometimes there will be more zeros. Sometimes zero less, in the figure in which the decimal point is not visible, where is it at the end, okay, where is it at the last, okay, where is it brother last, okay now what do we do to shorten it, where do we shift the decimal and bring it, shift it from here and


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the decimal and bring it, shift it from here and bring it after the first natural number, which is the first natural number, after f we will bring y, where will it go, it will come here, okay now when how much jump has it made, nut 3 four 5 6 7 8 na 10, now I can write this from 5 p to the power of 10, that is, decimal, if I open it again, then how many digits will be there after the decimal, it will have 10 digits including sane, okay and if it is a very small value 0 [Music] p 75, okay now


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it is a very small value 0 [Music] p 75, okay now what do we do in scientific notation, we place the point after the first natural number, here also we have done y, here also we have done this, so this time also what is the first natural number seven, so what should be this point here If it is shifted then what will it become 75 now how many shifts has it made 1 2 3 4 5 78 but now it has gone in the reverse direction so what will be the power of the minus 4 okay if someone gives me a yank 2.3


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the minus 4 okay if someone gives me a yank 2.3 in 10 to the power minus 4 how will I write this now I know I know p is minus f it means dividing by point yIt has come, right? We have to take it back after how many digits, after four digits, one digit, so this is it. Okay, so I wrote 23 and one, two, three points came out from here and came here, how many digits will be there, four digits will be there, so it becomes 0023, its normal form will be this and the notation form of it has become


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be this and the notation form of it has become this, now it is okay, now just tell me friend, thank you friend, good, you know how to fill, what have we done, we have passed the dictionary inside fill A and told the name of the column, told it, fill with this value, told the name of the column, told it, fill with this value, okay, any problem in understanding this, yes see, when I had taken out the mode, what did it give me in response, it gave me the series, what is a series which has value


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me the series, what is a series which has value and index, now I have to fill here, so I can't pick up the entire series and keep it here, like this here, what do I need, officer or whatever came, now how do we get the value from this series, we get it by giving the index, so for this series What did I write next? I wrote zero index. Okay, like I wrote zero index, it gave me the value of zero index. Okay, now what will happen to it? Whatever the string value of the data, whatever mode it is,


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string value of the data, whatever mode it is, right? Okay, in this way, what can I do with my data? I can fill it, I can also drop it. We have seen the drop, we have seen the fill, we have seen other methods of filling, but most commonly, our work is done with this. Okay, now since my data has been filled, how will I query my data now? How will I ask the question? How will I answer the question? Okay, like we have this in our data? Okay, I want to know. We probably read about the value count


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to know. We probably read about the value count and read. In the beginning, in the first class, we had read about the series. No, there are some functions of the series. Now I am being asked a question. What is the frequency of each designation in the data? What is the frequency of each designation in the data? What is the frequency, i.e., how many managers are there? How many officers are there? How many office boys are there? So you will go and say quickly. Okay, what will I say? Manager one,


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say quickly. Okay, what will I say? Manager one, manager two, manager three, how many records are there now? I have 21, how many will I have later? Keep doing it manager, this won't happen friend, it's okay.What will I do here dot designation def dot designation what is a series or a frame series is a column or not so there are many functions inside the series which we can use and there is a function in it which is a widely used function we will use again and again we call it value count what


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use again and again we call it value count what do we call value count okay now I do this on y the value count gives me the frequency what is it saying in the column of designation how many officers are there how many managers are there how many office boys are there accountants two engineers okay when I ran this query ran this function then what did I get in the result a series came in the result what did I get in the result keep this thing in mind then there will be no problem in reaching the


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then there will be no problem in reaching the values ​​of things what did I get in the result okay I got a series came in the result okay I have to make a plot of it also I said make a bar plot I want to keep designation on the x axis and all their counts will come on the y axis so now tell me how to make a bar plot from me It is saying that keep this on the x axis and keep this on the y axis, so I want to keep the designation on the x axis, how do I keep it, this is a series, I want to keep


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do I keep it, this is a series, I want to keep the designation, where are the index designations kept, the index of the series are kept, so here I can say save it first, okay, it's the same thing, okay I saved it, I am asking to shorten it by the name of, now I said, dot index x axis, what is the index and what is the value on the y axis, okay, dot sorry, where was it, friend, yes, friend, okay, here we have a plot, okay, let me set the size a little, okay, yes it is 10 U and hide the four, in


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okay, yes it is 10 U and hide the four, in a way that you can visualize it properly and you understand what I am saying, see how I am reaching the value, you have to understand the output so that you can get how to reach there, where is that value and where is it, I am not able to understand such a game, but when you are understanding the output, it Series output So I have to reach here so this is playing on the index side and this is coming on the value side so if this value is calculated from


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value side so if this value is calculated from the indexIf the thing with the side is theirs, then I take it out from the index, I take it out from the value, so now I want to know that department wise, see how many people are there in which department doing the same work and take out the plot of that as well, what do do department dot value count show six people working in IT, five people in production content and I save this also with the name of pati and then what do I do palti dot bar plot


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of pati and then what do I do palti dot bar plot what will I put in one d pati dot index and what will I put in height d pati dot work is done, I will have to write it again and again, ok save in webal listen, do not save in variable, go and count it yourself, how much data is being counted by itself, baba, so how will that plot know how long the value is, yes the plot itself should go and bring it, it is not there, the poor plot does not know which column to go to, whose account to pick up, ok


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column to go to, whose account to pick up, ok brother listen, what else will you say, what to do with that column, I need that number, I need that number, yes we have a library to plot the graph, okay that The name of the library is Mat Plot Lip, what do we use from within it, what do we use pie plot, right? What did we change its name to, like we keep PD for Panda, E for Napai, like this we kept PLT, that is Mat Plot Pie Plot, from within it we said make bar plot, two things are required to


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we said make bar plot, two things are required to make a bar plot, I should have names on the x axis, their hots should be on the y axis, right? If it is like this, then you are understanding the plot, right? Not in that, right? So what did we do here, we made a bar plot of designation here, I also told you to go inside the designation and count how many designations are there, so he counted the value and gave it to me and told that in our data there are three officers, three managers, two


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there are three officers, three managers, two office boys, two accountants, two engineers. When this result came to us, this result came in the form of a series and I had told you about the series that three parts of that series come under our control, how many parts, three parts come in our hands, for example, we have the indexes of the series. and the values ​​of the series and the data type of the series now I am thinking that when I am going to make a bar plotSo what do I have to put on the


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to make a bar plotSo what do I have to put on the x axis? What am I thinking of? So on the x axis, now it is going on in my mind that if the bar plot is this, then on the x axis I should say, how many sales were there in January, February, March, April, the count of sales should be x. No problem, if I change it, then instead of my bar plot becoming y, it will become y, y will also become harijan, so now I am thinking that where should the names of my designation be, they should be below, so I


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of my designation be, they should be below, so I will keep those values ​​in the x of the bar plot, but the problem is that to pick up the name, so obviously for picking up the name, I just told you that there is a series and where are the names placed in the index, so I said brother series, you give me your index, what should I give you, if I don't do this, then I would have to go to x and make a list myself, officer manager, office boy, I can also do this, but what would be the benefit of


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also do this, but what would be the benefit of doing this, so I said go and pick up the names yourself from the index, no matter how many there are, more or less, there is no issue, so we made a jugaad and give me your index, that list, he picked up and placed on y. What is the index height asking us for? How long will the bar be? Here the numbers are 5 10 15 20 2 30 35 40. Should I make a list of all the heights and then go and write them myself or should I do this, s dot values, because I


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or should I do this, s dot values, because I will get all the values ​​from the values, so why should I write them manually myself? So what did I write in hide, designation dot values ​​de dot values, so our work is done. If I don't save this in a variable, then what would I have to write in plot, see, then I would have to write palti dot plot pad bar and I would have to write it all myself, d dot designation dot value count, okay. I am putting it in x, understand the value xd added value value


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in x, understand the value xd added value value count, when it comes, what do I have to put in x, write index in front of it, okay, and then what do I have to put in height, the same thing, d designation dot value count dot value index number will take up all the indexes, it will take up the entire list, okay, so now look, I had to write this again and again. Count the values, then give the index, then count the values ​​again, then give the values, brother, there is no decency in thisSo that I


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brother, there is no decency in thisSo that I can save it, the whole series is in a variable, now I will say from it, give the department index, give the department value, give the dpt, the thing is the same, the same is hidden inside it, understand that what did I put in its place by hiding it, the same is hidden behind it, the same is hidden behind it, okay, if you understood the thing, then the same query is hidden behind it, let's move ahead, the thing is understood, it is clear, don't run,


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the thing is understood, it is clear, don't run, you have to understand, you don't understand, ask again and again, actually when I had not done this, the size of my graph was looking weird, it was getting flat, I said, there is some space left, let's extend it a little, so the figure size which is pat dot figure, there is a method in fixed size, I can tell the size that whether the horizontal should become this much bigger, the height should become this many units, okay, so that's why I set


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become this many units, okay, so that's why I set that, look here, now I tell it to do this, instead of 10 it should become 15 and instead of four the height should become eight, now this It will spread and will also increase in height. So that's why this work. If I tell it to become Emma F. Okay, make the index of the designation zero. Yes, okay, wait a minute, on the index of the designation, manager is written on the zero index. What are you saying, officer here? Why, ah, what is this? Look


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saying, officer here? Why, ah, what is this? Look brother, brother, listen to me first. These are indexes, officer, what is it at this time? This is the index and these are the values. It is sorted on the values, so the maximum number comes above it. After that, the second, after that, the second. If I make the ascending false true here, make the ascending false true. Make the ascending order true, so now who will come on top? Engineer, accountant will be inverted. The ascending order will come


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will be inverted. The ascending order will come out from the descending. Okay [Music] I have told the chief to make the shirt false here. Then the order will be agam sham agi. No problem. I will do this. Set the first appearance to the first appearance. Okay, manager. Now this is what I was sorting. The Aay value is not sorting on the values, now it is working on the index, the one who counted the manager first, he counted the manager and wrote it down, after that who came next, the officer


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it down, after that who came next, the officer came, after that offI counted and wrote the head. After that who came next, officer office boy came. I counted and wrote the office boy. Then after that the next type that came was accountant's, so I wrote accountant and the last type was fine. So in this way I can count the value. Even if I don't do it, the graph will still be visible. But some things that were written in the show will disappear. It will be shown properly. It is exactly like we do


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will be shown properly. It is exactly like we do this. What is the value inside a? 10. Now if I write a, okay. Or if I write it like this, now it is coming like this. But if I print it properly, then print its value and see, there is a difference between the two. So when I am saying plot it, it is showing like this. How should the plot be in the memory? If I print it like this, then it prints the memory plot here. I can also save it. Palti d save and the figure will be saved. You can read


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d save and the figure will be saved. You can read slowly or in the same root folder here. I write palti dot. Save and name this figure as which is this department dat png I ran it and said it is not safe it must be some other one just one minute [Music] okay it has come here now okay ah it has come different yaar waa ah right bhaiya let's come here now I am going to query here which is very important in finding the results querying on the data whatever is there should come out I am saying I


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whatever is there should come out I am saying I need the data of all those people who work in HR what is a simple query I need the data of all those people who work where so what will happen where is the data which column is evolving in DF department is evolving in it so I am saying go to the department column understand how I am writing go to the department column and wherever what is written in the department er is written er ok bring that ayyy now go to every cell what will you ask you four


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now go to every cell what will you ask you four wherever it is true it will come out true wherever it is false it is written I don't want this number listen listen listen listen listen Now don't use your brain, first listen to what I want, I want that data, so I will put this thing in brackets, I am showing it by removing it, look a little.I have enclosed this in brackets. This is my Boolean query. Boolean query is called Boolean selection. And outside this, I have written the data frame. What


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outside this, I have written the data frame. What have I written? Now whatever is true in this will be selected from the data. Whatever is true in this will be selected from the data. Only which records are coming. What is their department? HR. Okay, then I say bring such people whose age is more than 50 years. Which column is evolving? What will I write, did greater than and equal to 50. Now it will go and ask everyone. Will it say true, false or false? No, no, I want those people. I want the


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or false? No, no, I want those people. I want the complete data. So what will I do, brother? I will put brackets and write it here. And those people will come whose age is 50 or there is only one person whose age is more than 50. Okay, now I say here that I want such people whose salary is less than one lakh. Okay, what will I write, DA dot salary, what has become less than equal to 100000. Okay, 100000 and this I will stop masking df. Okay, now if you ask me this question, Sir, why are you


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now if you ask me this question, Sir, why are you putting y dot, why are you not putting it, what should I answer to that, whatever is it like, don't ask useless questions, why are you thinking of going back, actually it is a binary query, okay, it will go inside the entire data frame and wherever the index is true, it will select all those columns. Now I ran it, here all those people have come whose salary is more than one lakh or less than one lakh or one lakh, okay, all those people have


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one lakh or one lakh, okay, all those people have come, okay, if someone tells you that no, I don't want the entire data, tell me the designation of those people whose salary is more than one lakh, no, this query understands my point, and this query is giving me this data frame, now tell me if I had to select any column from the data frame, then how do I write def dot a y, I write df dot salary, okay, so when in response to this I have got a data frame and it has these columns and it is asking


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frame and it has these columns and it is asking me to tell only the designation, so can't I write further Designation, so just pick up which column from all these and say that brother, the designation of those people is okay, I can write this as well and I can write this as well, it will be fine ifAnd if someone asks you to tell their designation as well as their age, then it is okay, what will you write next? When I write it, it will burst because when they give more than one column, I had


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when they give more than one column, I had taught them, then they make a list and give it, I remembered something, now he told me that brother, all those people whose salary is one lakh or less, their designation is this and their age is this, it's okay, so the in-laws came and asked, and sat and asked, if you want it without the cell number, then do the dot values, the indexes will not come, then what is the problem in the serial number, it's just a bug, it would have been known from the


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just a bug, it would have been known from the jumping of the person, oh brother, the serial is a thing for your benefit, you are also getting the indexes, look, I had written it with dots, right, look here and there, just understand, I am making a series, listen brother, write some values ​​in the dot series, okay, this is the series right with me, now I say, please understand that where in the series the values ​​are more than 20, where where the values ​​are more than 20, so what does it do,


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values ​​are more than 20, so what does it do, it goes to each value and checks, you are more, false, you are more, yes, yes yes yes yes yes yes and okay now I say no don't tell me this don't tell me where is this issue I want that value so what will I do look here to select this now I will write here no I want this value so what will I write in place of other values ​​false false true and what are the next two false and then true then after that both three false and then one true f after that


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both three false and then one true f after that two false like this now look this is called boolean selection this is called boolean selection okay now what will it do in the series in its series it will see for itself that I have to pick those indices which will be true when I run this then it will see we have one minute brother 12 this more than three 6 three two 12 two cha 6 aa 10 12 only 11 12 no two 11 and this one has become double okay look which value came 23 which is the first index 21


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which value came 23 which is the first index 21 which is the fourth index 5 from and 11 has come now see what I Here, I have to write these true false manually, now understand what I did, series greater than 20, what did it give me, it gave me the same true false, where that thing is turning out to be true, so I should pick this up and keep it inside thisIf I place it in its place, then I picked it up and put it inside it. The matter was resolved friend. Now you will say why it is kept outside.


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friend. Now you will say why it is kept outside. So you are understanding why it is kept outside. It is right in its place. Inside, I generated the Boolean selection from it and it brought all the True ones. So our query ran. So my advice is, don't pay too much attention to useless things. Try to catch the things that why is it happening like this. If you think about it, then you will be a victim of the problem. Slowly you will understand why it is happening. Now that I have told you how the


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it is happening. Now that I have told you how the selection is working behind the scenes, it will come together with time.


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Hey, okay, we did this small work with the help of for loop. We have to do a lot of such works and first of all, I will tell you a simple exercise from here, like this, your page number is coming here 693 60 and inside the book, it is also coming 60, 5960 60, okay, what are we being told in the first part, brother, think of at least three kinds of your favorite pizza, yes, and read further, favorite pizza store, this pizza names in a list, let's make a list of what are the pizza names, brother,


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make a list of what are the pizza names, brother, yes, it is yes, flavor, flavor, what did you say, first thing brother, pizza name in list and then use for loop to print the name of each pizza, now we have to apply a for loop so that all these names get printed, how should I do it brother, yes, for in p names, and simply what do we have to do, print pizza, so all these names will be printed one by one, will get printed, right then after that modify your for loop to print a sentence using the


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your for loop to print a sentence using the Pizza instead of printing just the name of the pizza for chach pizza you should have one line of output containing simple pizza statement like I like Peponi Pizza or the name should not come empty but what should be written if a sentence is written then it will be exactly like this just instead of printing this what will you write I like okay okay this will become a sentence okay one line at the end of your program outside the for loop outside the for


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your program outside the for loop outside the for loop write one line ttt how much you like pizza the output sheet consists of three more lines about kind of pizza you like and then additional sentences really s I really love pizza that means after coming out of the for loop now some lines have to be printed I like I really like to eat pizza in lunch so the line outside the for loop will run only once as soon as the for loop ends yes now this I have written the code with this you should


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this I have written the code with this you should complete the next code first I had to print the name I had to print the sentence then after that ok one minute come yes say say from there say pizza Name pizza check the spelling of the name is it names or name got it you will always sit with your hands tied friend you will not do any work do you practice after going home no yes read the last line what is the errorThere is no error in the last line where you put the quotation, you did not close


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where you put the quotation, you did not close the quotation, look, yes brother, I am understanding, I have written it, everyone has written it, now after this, the same thing has to be done about animals, think of three different animals that have common characteristics, which animals have common characters, yes, cat and tiger and stone, jaguar, any kind of bird, so crow, pigeon, gull, store the name of the animal list and then use the print statement to print out the name of that animal


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statement to print out the name of that animal exactly like that, modify the program and print the print statement, make a great pet, dog is a great pet, so in this way print all the three sentences with your three names, with the names of your animals, the line at the end of the program stating what animals have in common, pre animal make great pet, write that in the last line, print it like we have written this here, the last sentence is fine, everything is the same, just about animals, write


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everything is the same, just about animals, write b no no no no it is done no no, pick up the index while for your wish. We will have to do a different system, everyone wrote it down, okay now I am writing a program here, we are going to read two things continue and break, continue and break which is for in range, I said and I am writing here if the value of a becomes equal to f then continue else print a you will go down cut yes okay now I have put continue here, the real thing that happens is


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put continue here, the real thing that happens is that when the for loop starts, we saw that the for loop started from here and it immediately gave all the output, that is, it started to catch from here and stopped after coming to end, in the meantime we were not able to do anything to it anywhere, it just started its work, it just kept going, kept going and stopped after ending f, if I want to do something in the middle of the loop, I want to stop it in the middle, I want to talk to it, then


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stop it in the middle, I want to talk to it, then we have two ways, one is to continue, what does continue do, when this loop keeps running, first a came with a zero value, it checked whether a was zero or not, then where did it go Zero got printed, then no it has not come has been printed, I has not come has been printed 3 it has not come has been printed 4 it has not come has been printedoh, as soon as the f value came, it checked what is the value of a if it is f then it will come in the


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value of a if it is f then it will come in the body then it will come, the value of a is f is 5 if 5 becomes true then it will come in the body continue means not to proceed further but to skip it, tell the loop to take the next value, forget it, forget all the work after that, okay, are you understanding what's going on, so see, after three came four and f got skipped, if we give it till 10 then it goes on till nine, okay, it goes on till zero two, yes then we will put break on y and break the


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yes then we will put break on y and break the loop itself, okay, if I have to break the loop on a particular condition, then what will I do to the loop, I will put a break but I don't have to send a particular value, it will send a message, see, like we had written programs earlier, which one, we had sent this message, this one for students, okay, now I will write here, look, then student in students, okay, now what am I writing, just understand, student not equal to if student is not equal to


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student not equal to if student is not equal to two, then send a message, will you Do it brother Walekum Assalam that's it, okay and what will happen in else I said continue now what will happen now it will check if the student's name is not this then it will print it, now see to whom the message went and to whom it did not go, as soon as this name matches this condition will be true, okay so all this will run until it does not come like this condition becomes false i.e. when Nasr comes here


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condition becomes false i.e. when Nasr comes here then Nasr is not equal to Nasr this becomes false if it becomes false then it will not run it will be said direct conu except him all except him will be there after offering namaz come again there is no problem in this I reversed the condition ok see we are talking about continue and break I say on y for a in range let's work simply I have a range upto 10 and what am I saying print print the square of a okay okay and now what am I doing here if


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of a okay okay and now what am I doing here if a is equal to f then what will I do break now I have completed this what will I do If the break is done then how many squares will there be, 0 tooth 4 it is done like that, rest of the F will come as soon as it comes, yes brother how many will be there, now you guys please tell me how many will be thereSquares will be printed, let me start it, from one to 10, the square of n will come, u will come, three will come, four will come, five will come,


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three will come, four will come, five will come, five will not come because first f will be done, it will become square and then we are getting it checked, now check and break, so the print has been done first, the print has been done first, okay, it is like this, if I use continue here instead of break, then what will happen, yes, f will skip and ch will skip from there, it will be printed first, so continue, there is no use of applying y right now, okay, yes, now I do this, I take out the


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now, okay, yes, now I do this, I take out the square from here and I say first check if a is 5, continue otherwise print it, okay, come, I will do only this work now, there is no issue with it, there is no issue with it, that's fine, we are still saving, so after that I will call in that, everything is there, yes, okay, now what will happen, now the f has been skipped, see after 16 there is 36 and here if If I apply the break, then the break is happening just before four, after that it is


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is happening just before four, after that it is getting printed, so if there is a break then it will not get printed, so this is continue and break, now I can use it in many different ways here, like I have written here continue break, now what am I doing, here I am saying for a [music] in the range 10 and 10 and take it out, now what am I saying, this is up to 10, but here I am asking for input, so how many times am I asking for input, input the name of your friend, how many times the input


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the name of your friend, how many times the input will come, the input will come 10 times, okay or I am saying that input the names of your guests, brother Atif's wedding is happening, he is going to grow old so soon, brother, ok now there are guests, now what am I saying here, if what should be the name of the guest, is there any guest whom we do not want to invite, Pappo, Pappo is infamous anyway, friend, Pap loves a lot, friend, she does not love me, no, no, friend, you were born, Pap made


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love me, no, no, friend, you were born, Pap made me the happiest It may be friend, my brother's son is born, this whole thing gets affected by politics, yes, it gets affected by family politics, nothing else except a good guest, now if there is any name in the guest then I am ofIf it happens in guest then what should I do brother, take a break ok otherwise what should I do otherwise I will create an empty list okay and what do I do how do I send it in the empty list, what should I send from


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it in the empty list, what should I send from here, what should I append in it which is our guest and finally I will come out of the loop and print the guest list guest ok how will it run first what will run first this MT diri kit will run the loop how many times it has to run 10 times it is expected but if aa comes then whenever aa comes break whether it comes for the first time or walima is cancelled ok I will write this walima baraat is done take tension now this is done the loop is running


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take tension now this is done the loop is running for the first time now start the names first of all you will call me right then Kashif called me should you call the aunt now as soon as you call aa the walima is cancelled just I am understanding the point hello I am understanding ok our issue is that the program should not go on what should happen continue what should I say here I will write here like this guest not allowed and It will continue okay Atif not allowed and what happened the loop


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okay Atif not allowed and what happened the loop started moving ahead again yes you did not allow whom should you bring okay so this list is made, whatever is there in it, what happened has become not allowed and is out now write this code first and write it after understanding it, okay then I will get the code written like this from you, right now I do not have music but I am of this job and I am of this [music] I want to send a message to you yes I will see, give me your CV, give me that


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you yes I will see, give me your CV, give me that [music] and all the groups should not be made, area should be made, okay what do you want to do, one minute brother, okay see what have I written, let's start it's done, the first thing what will I do to take how many numbers, I will run the loop 10 times, 10 numbers have been input, how much work has been done, after that what is the condition, I will check whether the number is even or odd but before that what will I check, if the number is


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before that what will I check, if the number is more than 100 then the number What should I do? How will it be skipped? If that number is less than 50 then the program will end. First I will check both these things. If it is not ending and is not being skipped, then I will check whether the number that came in between is even or odd. If it is odd theno I will put the one's M in the list, I will append it to the one's list, and if it is odd, then I will get the T cell updated in it. Start


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then I will get the T cell updated in it. Start looking, then it will be where is this F? It is inside the for loop, it is outside the for loop, sir, it is inside the loop, do it inside brother, okay, it will be inside F, and what about the number A? Tell me anything new, just as the statements were written, I started writing the same statements, I started a loop to take 10 numbers as input, I took 10 F inputs, okay, I have to separate the numbers into even and odd lists, so I have made two


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into even and odd lists, so I have made two lists of one, odd, now the same condition, if the number is greater than 100, skip it, this is what is written, this is what is written, sir, and if the number is less than 50, break, less than 50, break, this is the condition written, now I have to send it in both, so what will I check, if the modulus of the number is coming from two, send it to one, otherwise where should I send it, send it to D, okay, no new thing is used. Everything is exactly as


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no new thing is used. Everything is exactly as it is. Now what I am doing here is let's take a text sequence, a paragraph as input and count. Okay, let's take a paragraph as input and from within it we count how many bubbles are there. Okay, so then I will do the same. Give me a text input, a paragraph as input. Now stop working for a while and understand here. When a paragraph comes to me, I have to find the values ​​within that paragraph and also count them. Last day I had written a program


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also count them. Last day I had written a program and I had commented on o and y. Right, so now what to do? How will I run a loop? Why will I run a loop? Should I run a loop? First of all, now think that to count a number, a character in a paragraph, the count function already exists. Can we use it without running a loop? Yes, it is possible. Let me first write like that. I will pick up each character from the entire paragraph and ask it whether you are a bubble. Okay, are you a bubble or not.


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you are a bubble. Okay, are you a bubble or not. Now what are vowels? Now what should I do with them? I will use vowels. That I should have a list, whether it be a list or a string, now what do I say, then character in text, whatever paragraph the user will enter, one of the characters will be insertedoh pick it up, okay pick a character and the character which I will pick up, then apple here I am writing in puff as apple I t apple daily, okay so now what will come first in the character i what


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now what will come first in the character i what will come first in the loop of character i now what will I write i how will you check whether it is valid or not what condition should I put i in these vowels, okay the character which has come if it is present inside which i if it is present inside this then it is valid right because what are these characters all vowels are like this we have tested this many times that if I write here a e io u now if I write ahead of it a n a i y what will it


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now if I write ahead of it a n a i y what will it say a is present okay if I say b false b is not present in it you can write it like this or make a list of it or its key will be a e io u okay now if I say this a is in it is absolutely in quotations so even if it is in the list then it will say it is hidden inside the string even then it will say that the tuple will be inside our dictionary then It will also tell me what I have to do now I have to use this thing that the character which has


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to use this thing that the character which has come in every value if it is in value then what should I do if so I only have to work out how many values ​​are there then the work is very easy what will I do here I will create a count what will I create first zero if that character is in it then what will I do in the count I will plus equal and the count will keep increasing okay let's do this work first this is a very simple and easy work I ran it and did not put the text what text text text


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it and did not put the text what text text text count factor text f okay now I write this puff what did I write what is an apple add and the sentence key the doctor away how many vols are there in it one two three four five 6 sa aa na 10 11 12 12 let's check so I got it printed let's get it printed later 12 okay okay how many vals are there in it eight vals did you understand this code who did not understand everyone understood it ask look brother this I entered the input okay input I put it


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this I entered the input okay input I put it right, this input came inside it, this is the value of count at this time, now I said character in text, that means this text, then when the loop will run for the first time, what will come inside the character, no no, only a will come, will one comekar aaga aa has come isr k if it is in the e value then increase the count by one is it in the h value then the count will not increase b okay this loop is over there is anything else it did not go back


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is over there is anything else it did not go back to the body of the loop in the e character a what has come in the e value is true so what happened to the count do one ifa now what is the value of the count okay and what has come here it has also increased and it has also increased yes son it is accessing this it is increasing it isn't it count plus equals in this this yes what are you asking it is just one variable brother it is accessing that only okay the count is kept in the room outside


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only okay the count is kept in the room outside we said if the value comes then we will immediately call it increase the count by one we are calling from here sitting here it is calling it that brother what do you do inside me it increased the count by one what happened one now from here l l l has come l is in the value no if the count will not increase by one it will remain one then what came again one more l a In the character, is L in the vowel? If it is not there, then how much will the


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vowel? If it is not there, then how much will the count be? It will not increase. Then O comes. O is in the vowel. Yes, it will increase by one. Now what is the number of vowels there? F space has come, it will not increase. W has come, it will not increase. O has increased by one. Space has come, D has come, it will not increase. E has come, one increased. It became three. Then space, then A has come, one increased. Okay. Then R has come, it did not increase. Then E has come, one more


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it did not increase. Then E has come, one more increased. Then space, then P has not increased. Wa has come, it did not increase. T has come, O has increased by one. Here, it became six. Then H has come, N has come, one increased. It became seven. Then S has come, then E has increased by one. How many did it become eight? Total count became eight. We said print vowels, vowels were written. And when we checked the count, how many did it become? It said it became eight. No, no, I have written


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It said it became eight. No, no, I have written this just for explaining. Friend, remove it. A comment has been put, right? Yes, okay, how many vowels will come? Two. The matter is clear. Now the question is second. Now, I have to keep the count of each vowel separately. How many times has it come, how many times has it come, how many times has it come new or how many has it come, okay, for that the work will be almost like this, I took the text input, after taking the right text input I made a


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input, after taking the right text input I made a list of the same walls, I make the right text in lower case so that the capital walle should also come in the count, right? Now what should I do? Now the count of each verb is different, so do I have to do this, brother count of a ha b c no ae i o u ae i o y, now this is done, now what should I write here, now a paragraph will come, okay, the paragraph will come in this way, finally this paragraph has come, now what will happen, should I loop


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has come, now what will happen, should I loop it, after looping, should I pick up t, what should I do after picking up t, yes, think, think what am I saying, what should happen, if I put a condition for each verb, I do an easy job, if I do this here, if I put text dot count a on y, then its count will come, okay, text dot count text dot count i text dot count o text dot count y, okay, now should I print the result, brother, how many times has the a come with me, how many times has it come, now


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a come with me, how many times has it come, now count of a and in the same way ee i i o o, why did I use triple code, so that work can be done in multiple lines in a single print, okay, this work has become much easier, our work is done without running a loop I have written this paragraph, how many times has it come, not five times, a, how many times is it right now, twice, E came five times, once, O did not come at all, you came twice, so directly our issue got solved by counting, if I would


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our issue got solved by counting, if I would not have counted, then I would have had to catch myself, what would I have to do, I would have to check by catching myself, that you just show your face, who are you, then what would happen, understand, it will be a little bigger work but our looping will become better, then I will do the same thing, count of a zero, I will create separate variables for everyone, it's done, it's easy, time is up, yes, good, it's time for class, ok, I will share the


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good, it's time for class, ok, I will share the exercise with you at night, there will be at least 40-50 questions in it, okay, then you guys solve them, they will be easy, absolutely easy


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Well, in the context of data cleaning, you have read handling missing data in data cleaning and preparation, how to fill missing values, along with that we have also read filling missing data. In data transformation, we have read duplicate removal, how to remove duplicate data and in that also we have seen how we can duplicate on any particular column. Now in transformation we have one thing, transforming data using function and mapping function of mapping. See when do we use the word transform?


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mapping. See when do we use the word transform? When we change the values ​​present in the data. Well, when does data get transformed? When its values ​​change, it goes from one shape to another. Now, for example, if some values ​​are written in a column, if I just divide and divide them, then that value will get transformed. Well, what is happening in the value, it is changing. Similarly, if there is a data present, what are you doing inside that data? Are you adding any new data or If we are


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data? Are you adding any new data or If we are generating more data from the same data, even then our data is getting transformed. Now this mapping function is a very good function and it makes our long work very simple. So, I will show you here how we map. This example in the book is not that interesting. What is mapping? Mapping means that let us first do it and show it, then it will be easily understood. There is a small code, let us first see it. What is happening here? A series has been


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see it. What is happening here? A series has been created. A series has been created from 0 to 2. And now there is a dictionary here. What is written in the dictionary is cat, kitten, kitten, kitten, kitten, cat, cow, and dog. What I want to do is I want to add a column. In this series, the cat, the kitten should come next to the cat, the kitten of a cow, the kitten of a dog, I have a mapping for that. Now let's see the first output Kitnod Kla yaar okay okay well now allPeople should reduce


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yaar okay okay well now allPeople should reduce their holidays a bit. Yes, how old are you? I have more than 10 years of experience than the age you are. So okay, now what have we done? Where there is cat in the data, what will come before it? And where there is crow, what will come in place of crow? But there is no dog, so what happened in place of dog? Okay, I will give you an example. Look, what I have is a data. Instead of generating the data, it would be better if I tell GPT to generate


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it would be better if I tell GPT to generate the data. Okay, I took a data from it. What did I write now? Countries with population. So this is our data. Okay, China, India. Now what I have is basically that we have millions of records. In that, repeated data would also be coming. The names of countries would also be coming. Or even if it is not repeated, if the names of repeated countries are coming repeatedly, now what I say is that I have a mapping dictionary. What is the capital? Okay, the


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dictionary. What is the capital? Okay, the capital is what is the capital of China? And Delhi of India? And Washington of US? And which is the capital of Indonesia? Jakar is fine and what is the capital of Brazil is fine and Nigeria yes Abuja Bangladesh so you go to Mexico daily like this we have the dictionary of capitals okay now what we have to do is we have to write the capital of each country in front of it well this is not a problem for you I have written it in lines it can be before or


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I have written it in lines it can be before or after as well and I have 10-12 names, nine names in my data this data of countries can be 9 thousand China is coming again and again India is coming again and again everything is coming so what will we do manually if we have to write the capitals in front of all of them then it will become very difficult for us so what do we do apply mapping like we have data frame data frame dot apply okay apply what apply map mapping of whose capitals okay see


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what apply map mapping of whose capitals okay see apply column sdt apply on which country I have to apply on country so what will happen def dot Well there will be no need for def. Okay, now what did I do? Here I added a column inside df. What did I name it?Capitals and I said map the country with capitals and then we can see that all the data that is in front of it is visible to me, okay, I understand, so it maps and the mapping that is not available in the dictionary, what will come in its


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in the dictionary, what will come in its place, okay, like if I add another new country here, okay, I have added numbering, now if I map it to us, what will come, okay, so let's read the Namaaz first, then let's continue this, well done, during Namaaz, no one will remain seated in the class, okay, the reason for that is that whatever is in the camera is being seen by you, okay, he is sitting behind, I understood the mapping thing easily, now I got another data generated here from the dictionary


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another data generated here from the dictionary of students and we have this data, okay, talking about transformation, we can do different transformations in this data, for example, if I have to find out the total marks of every student, then what will I do, I have to add a column, now if I have a column I have to add whose number will be added in the data like this how will I get the total what will I have to do with all the columns I will have to add them together so if I have to take the


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to add them together so if I have to take the first column the name of my Python then what will I write I will write data Python and plus data status plus data is ok plus data is ok plus data is ok inside our current data what will this column become d right now if I ask you inside this friend what do I need to find out the percentage of everyone what do I need to do how do I find out the data percentage what do I do the total in the data should I divide it by 100 there are three two five


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I divide it by 100 there are three two five subjects right what did we do we multiply by 100 we have these percentages also added ok so now what are we doing with the data here we are generating data but here if I tell you that brother what do I need to do with this I need to find out the grade also what do I need to do brother I need to find out the grade also then what will happen brother yes a separate dictionary will be created for the grade and will a condition be applied what will a


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grade and will a condition be applied what will a condition be applied yes what will happen Now if I want to add the grade column here in the data, what should I do? Now in grade there are a lot of criteriaThere will be some arias, right? We can do different things here. One is that I should create a separate function, first of all, I can calculate the grade using Python. What will it get? Percentage will come. Here I will define my criteria. Okay, here I will send mine here. That is a separate


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here I will send mine here. That is a separate variable, it is different from that. Here I can keep my criteria that what will happen if the percentage is greater than 80 or 90. What will happen? It will return A plus. Then if the percentage becomes equal to 80, what will it return? If A becomes 70 after the return rate, then B becomes 60. If C becomes 50, then D and for all the rest, okay. Now how do I implement the grade from this function? Look, what do we have, the way we have just seen the


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what do we have, the way we have just seen the mapping, we have a function, what do I say, data dot, on which column do I have to apply it? On the column of percentage, okay? Data dot percentage okay dot pala what should I do this way we had mapped it, in the same way what am I saying apply it, apply the percentage, great calculator is not calling this function, it is just telling the name, when we call a function we put brackets, brackets are not needed here, okay apply it, now whatever the


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not needed here, okay apply it, now whatever the data is, it has taken out the grades of all, now what will I do, I will make it a new column data grade and it went, yes we have sent the function in the argument to apply, when we call data dot percentage, then it will loop one by one percentage by itself, okay, what will it do, it will keep picking one by one percentage from this column, first one percentage match, where the match happened, I added the return, should I call the function


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I added the return, should I call the function directly, means you are saying what should I do, call the data function, grade calculator should send the column of data dot percentage to it, okay, data dot percentage is a complete series, oh right, how does this poor function know here whether it will get a series or an individual value Okay and if the whole series comes, now how will it see the percentage of the whole series together and if one comes, if one comes from there, then how will the


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comes, if one comes from there, then how will the percentage of the rest of the Manda series goOkay, so this is a mechanism of this apply function, what does it do by itself, it takes values ​​through the loop, its other work can be that we write the function in line, what do we write like here, right now I had to assign a grade, I first went and created a separate function and then applied it, that is, what did I have to do first after coming out of my work, I had to create a function to


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out of my work, I had to create a function to create the grade, plus will I ever be able to use this function again, it is a function that is used repeatedly, you will say no, once the grade is generated, that's it, right, so what do we do in such a situation, if we want to avoid that while running this code, what kind of function is needed somewhere in between, but we create functions for simple calculations, just like this, I will take this, but I will not create a separate function for that,


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I will not create a separate function for that, rather here inside apply, I will create a function, what is the function called, what is the name of this function, it is a function, okay, it doesn't have any name itself But when we apply this, it gets applied and after applying it here, there is no name, how will it be called by someone else. Okay, in lada lada, what do we call it, lada, what will be the one by one percentage that you will get, what can you do in a variable, store it, we took


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what can you do in a variable, store it, we took that, one and after that placed it in a column, okay, now the value will keep coming here one by one and all these criteria, now I can define it here, see how, now I have written here, will the grade be A plus if what happens to x becomes greater equal to two and what is coming in x, what is coming in x, percentage is coming, okay, else after that, the grade will be A if the value of x becomes greater equal to two, what happens to 0, else no,


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greater equal to two, what happens to 0, else no, else it will be grade, okay, if what happens to x, okay then what will happen brother c, what will happen to x, what will happen to a, and what will happen to d, if the value of x becomes greater equal to two let it be done what will happen for the rest a for the rest a okay so now I will go to a different placeI did not have to exit. I could have saved its output as grade one so that it would be known whether the correct grade came or not. It


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known whether the correct grade came or not. It is the same thing, but I did not have to exit and here I wrote the condition and assigned it here. My work is completed here and nobody else can call this function again. Someone else can make their own function and that's it. I understood the way to write the word. What is the way? Whatever value has to be assigned, it will come before f. I put else. I wrote the condition, so if it becomes true, what has to happen, it has to come before if.


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what has to happen, it has to come before if. Before if, I will write it again. Will it be remembered? Yes, should we create a module and keep it? Import the module and call it. So friend, I have read it but I don't know, create a new file and create a text file. Okay, I named it Percentage model. What is your name? Hamza. We create a model. Okay, and inside this, I will take it by doing a function from here. This becomes a function. Save it, now it has come here. Now if I want to call here,


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now it has come here. Now if I want to call here, okay, then what will I do brother import Hamza dot no bust Hamza, okay, if I want to call the function directly, then from Hamza import what was the name, grade calculator is here. Now what will you do, data grade two is equal to ta dot percentage dot apply apply grade calculator is done, then you can store all the functions here and then use them after importing them, okay, so the grades have been assigned, so let me delete the unnecessary


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been assigned, so let me delete the unnecessary grades, how do you delete, delete data grade one, grade two, can two columns be deleted together, what are you saying, it's not happening, we can also do this, data dot drop from which, drop grade one, grade two great, okay, in place, what do you do, I am not dropping a list, I am dropping the entire column, which one I am not getting, brother grade one, grade two nut fund, was dropped first, grade one, grade two are coming, okay, delete one by


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one, grade two are coming, okay, delete one by one columns, I am understanding, this is the meaning of axis one It happens that where do you check both of these, check in the column, okay column name, okay so now check hereAnd this was our old data set of movies, so we worked on this data and we wanted to ask some more questions from it. What could be some more questions like run time, I say to you brother which movie has the longest run time, okay, which movie has the longest run time, how


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okay, which movie has the longest run time, how will it be found out, the column given is yes, you are saying the right thing friend, you are making me listen to things like this, tell me what should I write, data dot run time, what should I write now, yes tell me, yes then what will happen, I want the longest run time, I want a movie whose run time is the longest, I am doing this, first tell me the max, if I do this on dot [music] max, then what will I get from this, just the maximum runtime,


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will I get from this, just the maximum runtime, now we want this movie, ta dot I will pick this and write it, whatever is the maximum, it will come from there, right, pick the run time which is the maximum in the run time itself and pick up its entire data, I ba, everyone should understand, okay, how many people understood, how many people did not understand, come on, you quickly find it out then Movies with the highest IMDB ratings Movies with the highest IMDB ratings Tell me no, do some work,


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highest IMDB ratings Tell me no, do some work, I will come to everyone and check what has he written, write it wrong or it should be written correctly, you have come to sleep, go to sleep, it's done brother, write with a pencil, lose something brother, mask, you tell me what you wrote, I just copied that and did not change it, 9.3 there is only one movie whose rating is 99.3, it's done now I have to do this, listen brother, listen to the question, first of all, I have to tell you the average


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first of all, I have to tell you the average IMDB rating of all the comedy type movies, okay, all the comedy type movies that I have, do it quickly, the average run time of comedy type movies, it will be easy, I want the average run time of a comedy type movie, how much is 0, I have to take all the comedy movies, what is the run time of all the comedy movies, I have taken their run time, what is the average of this, it is coming, why brother, the run time is a numerical value, why would there


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run time is a numerical value, why would there be a mode, tell me friend, tell me something, why did you think of mode [Music] there will be front and back, but we apply the mode only when we have the data Category should be tomorrow like action is written year is written meaning of run timeI am going to find out the average time of a movie of how many hours. Okay, for that, the mean will be calculated, right? Okay, the total earning of action movies having, look what is written in the


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action movies having, look what is written in the question, shh, hello, how will the total come, son, do it at eight [laughs] how much is coming, it has come, son, what will we do, data dot action, okay, first I have to take all this data, now what do I have to do in it, what about the MTV rating, okay, AMD also the rating, and which audio rating do I have to take, greater 8, what will come in the answer, what should I do, so find out the total earning, first of all, the data action is done, by


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first of all, the data action is done, by putting a query and end, data dot amdb rating greater than equal to 8, a query, now the result that will come from this, okay, it's done, okay, now what to take from this, Mune Gross, okay, what to take from this, we understood this, those who are not understanding, ask why, this is all written, I will remove greater equal to 8 equal to ok, you are right, yes, okay, we have to first read this in data transformation. What is Discretization and Binning?


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What is Discretization and Binning? What is Discretization and Binning? Just understand it basically. When we have, like right now, we had a data. This data with results. This one is okay. And let me correct it from the top. We have DF. Look, when we talk about discretization and mining, what is basically what is called discrete? Yes, we know that some of the values ​​that we have are continuous values ​​and some of the values ​​that we have are discrete values. You read that in the previous


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discrete values. You read that in the previous class, we read what is continuous and discrete. Whether continuous or continuous values, what kind of values ​​are they, they are measured. And what is a discrete value? It is counted. It is discrete values ​​and the ones that are measured are like, I have the ages of 10 people in a column. 12 15 23 24 45 49 78 56 64 10 Aa 70 okay aa j what kind of value is it what is continuous value what is continuous value okay continuous value is not discrete


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value okay continuous value is not discrete it is like this can I make age a discrete value aa now first understand the discrete value whichIsn't it so basically there is a class, there is a batch. Okay, what is a class? Now what I do here is that to convert this continuous value into discrete value, I say one thing that brother, let's create a group from 1 to 10, okay, from 11 to 20, and 11 to 20, 21 to 30, 31 to 40, and 41 to 50, and 51 to 60, and 61 to 70, 70 to 80. I don't have any value


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and 61 to 70, 70 to 80. I don't have any value bigger than this, so I'll stop here, okay. And now how many values ​​do I have from 1 to 10? There are two values, okay, and how many are there from 11 to 20? I can see one, two, how many are there from 21 to 30, one, two. These are also two, friend. How many are there from 31 to 40? There is not even one, and how many are there from 41 to 50? One, two, 41 to 60, one, and in the range of 70, one, one, two, okay. So Now this has become a class, the


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two, okay. So Now this has become a class, the category from 1 to 10, the category from 11 to 20, the category from 20 to 21. I am understanding that people whose age is from 1 to 10 should stand on one side, if I make them stand age wise like that, then each person's individual age would not match with anyone else's, so what do we do, we discretize them and create their bins, what do we call this? After creating the bins, what does our value become, it gets converted into discrete and becomes


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it gets converted into discrete and becomes a class, okay, the class becomes discrete, this is what we call it. Now this is what we are doing, what actually happens is that when I have to make a histogram of any data, I have to make a histogram, what is a histogram, let me tell you, we have a column of ages, the discrete values, their bar chart is made, just like in the data set of a movie, what do we have, dot value Count, this is a discrete value, it is discreet, isn't it? Its value is this


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it is discreet, isn't it? Its value is this much, when I plot its graph, then what will we get? The plot will be formed. We had made import mat plot lip dot pie palt sp, what should I write palti dot bar, I write inside x, if all the names come on the x axis, then what will happen, this is the movied general value count dot index, its index which is coming, what will come in the index height of movie dotThis dot values ​​are okay so what do we have, a bar plot is formed if I make a war plot of


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a bar plot is formed if I make a war plot of ages, whose I am not making, what do I have here there is a big column for movie dot for example rating and what am I going to do with their gross, if I take gross then there are 999 different values, one line will be formed for each one because this value will be coming only once, like this I am continuous now, repetition of continuous value would be very difficult because there will be a difference of decimal also, there will be a difference of


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of decimal also, there will be a difference of number also, so what should I do if I want to make a bar plot of this, then what do I have to do if I convert it to discrete, the same work will be done in it, from here to here, earned from one to 10 lakhs, so all of them will come in one group, from 10 lakhs to 20 lakhs will come in one, from 20 lakhs to 30 lakhs will come in one, then you will have 10 coming from one to 10 lakhs, so its A graph of 10 will be formed. Are you understanding what I


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10 will be formed. Are you understanding what I am saying? So what I am doing now? For this gross, I have created a bin bin here. We are also giving the bins ourselves. Understand this. When the histogram does our work, we do not even have to give bins. What did I say in bin? 18 to 25, 25 to 35, 35 to 60, how many bins should you make? Make five bins. Now what bins should be made for this gross? How many million are there? I will sort it first. Okay, sort by values, I have it. From 1305 to 329,


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sort by values, I have it. From 1305 to 329, how many are there brother? No, it is more brother. Yes, it becomes 9 billion 366 million 6225. It will be like this. No, it is becoming 93 million. 93 m 666 96 96 million. 62 936 million, whatever it is, so I will keep it here. What do I write here? From one to one, from one to no, how many million should I keep? 10 million 10 ti, this will be 10 million. 10 million to 50 million 50 one doti one doti then after that one million one doti one doti


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then after that one million one doti one doti okay, we have given this now there are some values ​​​​that we have given from our side, what do we implement, we say brother make a category, what do we make a category, what did he say PD dot cut, what will come here movie dot gross gross and apply these bins now let me see here, inside the cats, see there are some values ​​​​that are coming out of these, okay, three categories have been formed from one to10 million 10 million to 50 million 50


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from one to10 million 10 million to 50 million 50 million to 100 Okay now what do we do with this code a this if I if I what do I say to pat flip dot histogram okay what do I do make a histogram and it says bins what do I say brother movie dot gross and I said make a histogram what did I do he made a histogram okay what difference do you see in the histogram in the burk lot it is continuous because it is on continuous value and on discrete value gap will be seen in it always okay and it is


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gap will be seen in it always okay and it is continuous in it the graphs will be connected what would it have done on its back end by applying the same discretization and binning okay how would it have worked when we said here look at this in case of this what was it brother I take it from here or take the marks of someone okay I take the marks of python okay these are the marks what do I do first bin it first what bins do I make of it yes brother 50 to 60 70 80 90 okay cat padi dot cut what


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50 to 60 70 80 90 okay cat padi dot cut what will happen now re dot python comma b what did I get 80 to 90 one 90 to 100 one no the first one the first data that I have in which range is it coming in which category is it coming in 80 to 90 I have not even defined the second one have it 46 so should I put it here then I will do 40 to 50 okay 40 to 50 the third data type is coming 100 to december 60 7 do you understand this interval what do we have it has become ah I have just done it cos let's


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it has become ah I have just done it cos let's see now what happens now its bar plot is made just understand 80 to 90 make a bar plot from 80 to 90 and the second one which is starting from where is it happening 90 to 100 so 90 is also included in that that's why what comes, joint graph comes Whereas in discrete value any quantity will either be A or B A and B cannot exist together that is why what comes there is a gap, okay there is a gap, you must have read in school that when they used to


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must have read in school that when they used to make the frequency table, they used to subtract P F from here and add P F there, why did they do that, they did it to make it continuous, so if anyone has gone to school then I have not studied, I will send you to the schoolIt must be a city school, understand what is coming, okay just keep it limited to this.


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Okay, again, yes, which is the spread of data? The spread of data is basically a distribution. Look, when I am finding the distribution, basically we have a probability distribution. What is the probability distribution? What is the probability of this probability? We had also discussed a little bit that the chances of an event occurring is simply called probability. Okay, when we have two types of variables, when we talk about probability, we have two types of variables. One is continuous and


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two types of variables. One is continuous and the first thing is that we have a random variable. What is it? Okay, we will not go into details. We will not talk in much detail. We will just talk about it. We should remember that the confusion increases with too much details. Our random variable, okay, what is a random variable? I am writing a simple definition. That brother quantify events, it quantifies which event, what does quantify mean, don't talk about it friend, the sound is ringing,


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don't talk about it friend, the sound is ringing, when we talk about random variable, then basically it tells the representation of an event in quantity, well if I give a simple example of it here, it is very important to understand, the problem is from here, I feel that maybe I have not been able to explain this thing properly, that's why this issue is coming, so let's see it doesn't matter, well what does it say, random variable root as a numerical value, or give it a numerical value,


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a numerical value, or give it a numerical value, quantify it, express it in quantity, now in sample space random variable may be of two types, discrete and continuous, now like we have its example, first of all what am I saying, we have some events, when we talk about probability, then I write it like this, a small Let's take this event on this, okay listen friend, you are not understanding, you are not getting upset, if I am more upset then I am not able to understand or we are not able to


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I am not able to understand or we are not able to work like that, toss ka s sing two coins, okay, toss two coinsSo what are the possible outcomes that we have? Okay, head, head, tail, tail, head, tail, and these four events are formed. Okay, these are the four possible outcomes that we have. Okay, now what are we saying, what do we have to do with this, we have to make it a random variable. Okay, what do we have to do with this, we have to make it a random variable. Like here, let me write an


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it a random variable. Like here, let me write an event, what is the probability of getting a head? Okay, what is the probability of getting two heads? Yes, so now how do I write this? Understand this. Now I will not write this, but I will write its actual value, how many times are two heads coming? It is coming once in the event. Okay, or if I say, what is the probability of one head coming at most in this way, then what will you say, it is three times, it is three times. So now what am I


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three times, it is three times. So now what am I basically doing? Now I am assigning a number to this. We are saying, basically we are quantifying it. What are you doing, quantifying, I am writing the probability, I am not writing this, if the total outcome is four, then the possible outcome is three and the probability will be zero, okay, I am quantifying this, how many times does an event occur in our total space, how many times does that event occur in the total space, okay, three times,


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occur in the total space, okay, three times, what is the thing, once I said that heads come up, once in this, once in this, three times in this, okay, what do we call this number, it is called a random variable, this can be a discrete number and this can be a continuous number, okay, we know which things have discrete answers, ask questions in this, okay, this is the question, okay, look, we are saying that actually, you were not in the previous classes, so maybe it will be a little difficult,


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classes, so maybe it will be a little difficult, when we toss a coin, what all answers can we get, after tossing two coins, either both will come heads or both will come tails or one I will put tail in head one and is there any chance other than this now I am saying that brother how many times can at most two heads come? What does at most one head mean? At the most how many times can one head come? One, two, three. So what am I saying to this, three, so this is my random variable.Okay, what do


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so this is my random variable.Okay, what do we call this, a random variable, within which we are assigning a number to that event, by assigning a number to that event, now I said that this because the four events are such whose answer cannot be expressed in decimal, so the variable that is being created, the variable will be called discrete random variable, what will be called a discrete random variable, okay, okay, similarly, what can we have, it can also be a continuous random variable, like


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it can also be a continuous random variable, like for example, I say that friend, please come to me from your office, where are you, yes brother, how many siblings do we have, are there five, can there be five and a quarter, it cannot be, right? So this is such a quantity which is in round figures, in whole numbers, how many rooms are there in the house, there can be three and a half, it cannot be, how many children are sitting in the class, yes, that will not be called a room, son, that will


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that will not be called a room, son, that will not come under the definition of a room, okay, so this is discrete, the whole number that we have is discreet, whole number. Whatever it is, it is discrete. Now I am saying that it takes me 45 minutes to reach home from office. Let me write 45 minutes. So, now continue, do I take 45 minutes every time? No, sometimes it may take me 45 or 5 minutes. Sometimes it may take me 44 point minutes. This is such a quantity that what can it be. So, I weigh


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such a quantity that what can it be. So, I weigh myself, I measure my weight for 10 days continuously. So, one day my weight comes out to be 7.3. Then I measure it the next day. So, it is possible that I am eating less or more. It is possible that the machine is also faulty. But the record is like this. 73 is recorded. Then some other day it is showing 71. Okay, or for 10 weeks, there is a difference in a week. So, now what is this value? We have a continuous value. Okay, and what will this


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have a continuous value. Okay, and what will this variable be called? Continuous Random Variable. Continuous Random Variable. There is a man who aims at this target. It is okay from here and if he hits the target 10 times, then how many times out of 10 can he hit the target correctly, it cannot hit even once, it can hit once, it can hit twice, it can hit thrice, it can hit four times and even 10 out of 10, so how is it variable if it hits half a panaoh it cannot be so, okay it cannot be half a


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panaoh it cannot be so, okay it cannot be half a pan yes, continuous value son, a value which can go into decimal, okay it can go into decimal, such a value is called continuous value, okay let's take our discussion forward from random variable, our current discussion is that we are working on continuous random variable, when we talk about continuous random variable, what are we talking about continuous random variable, you know a little about random variable by definition, what do we do, we


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random variable by definition, what do we do, we quantify the events that we have, we quantify them, when we talk about continuous random variable, so the first distribution that we read within this, which distribution do we have, it is normal distribution, now the random variable which we have got by doing this, how has it come by this value, this value, this value, now how do we get this value It is coming in the distribution, how is its probability distribution coming, we have to learn this


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distribution coming, we have to learn this thing very carefully, okay, so what I am talking about now, what do we have when we talk about continuous random variable, what do we talk about brother normal distribution, what do we talk about, okay, talking about normal distribution, remember this, when you talk about continuous random variable, the first distribution is nam, this is where the matter ends, now what is normal distribution, okay, normal distribution, if I plot those values, which are


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distribution, if I plot those values, which are normal distributor values ​​that are coming to me, if I plot those values, then I get a bell shape curve, okay or understand it this way, if the curve of any values ​​is coming in bell shape, then let me be normally distributor values, okay, what is a bell shape curve, we have discussed everything, but we are Doing it again, brother, what do I do in the bell shape, okay, what kind of curve is this? We do not have a little bell shape. Ok, if I draw


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We do not have a little bell shape. Ok, if I draw it from today, then it will be good. Okay, okay, I did it like this and like this, okay, it is a little bit trendy. Okay, it takes a little time to make it. Now, this bell shape curve is what we have.Or its plot is there, well you will say brother how will we plot this, how will we plot this, so let's see, I will also show you by working together, I did it brother, look what I have taken, here I have a distribution, I have a data insurance d


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I have a distribution, I have a data insurance d csv, we have data, okay, we have data and in this we have columns, one we have this column, one we have this column, inside which we are getting numerical values, well now what am I going to do, I am going to check the distribution of any one column over any one column, like for example, I will take the column of BME, whose I am checking BME, now I have to read the scaling but what did I invert, brother I did the s dot histogram plot of the


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brother I did the s dot histogram plot of the column of beam, what kind of distributor is this, it looks like a ball shape, well if I do one thing here, look at it simply, this is for a minute, if I apply KD to it, what kernel density estimation, then it will smoothen its curve, what will it do I make it true. When I make it true, you will see this. Okay, do you understand? It smoothens the averages. What does it do? It smoothens the averages. Okay, do you understand? I plotted the data and the


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do you understand? I plotted the data and the values ​​of the data that I have, how do they look to me? Right, what did we discuss? We said that we have a normal distribution. Our graph looks something like this. Now, I will have to remember the properties of this normal distribution. We have read about it. But, let me do it again. Okay, for example, I have this. On the x-axis, I am plotting someone's income and on the y-axis, I am plotting the count on the y. Okay, now we have read a lot of


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count on the y. Okay, now we have read a lot of things. It is a normal distribution, so it can also be a bell-shaped curve. It can also be a little distorted from the bell curve. Okay, it is not necessary that the curve will change. It will be completely bell-shaped. But, if a little bit of bell shape is coming out. it's falling a little it's falling a little okay so it means this is force force okay good now what do we have we have learned that brother this this wallThe region from where this


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brother this this wallThe region from where this curve is moving, okay, all this, so first of all, what do we have, the center, which means what we call the mean, and the maximum data that we have, in which region is it plotted, if in a normal distributor, most of the values ​​in all the records, would be plotting this, by bringing this or that, you would say why is this so, what is the property of this normal distribution, if the data is coming in the normal distribution in any way, then you


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in the normal distribution in any way, then you will see, now we will see on our data set, most of the data is doing this, okay, most of the data is doing this, okay, now this is about normal distribution, we have the second part of normal distribution, what is standard normal distribution, which standard normal distribution, what is standard normal distribution, now let me talk about that, will it be perfectly symmetrical, will it be It will be perfectly symmetrical, that means when I am


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be perfectly symmetrical, that means when I am talking about perfectly symmetrical then it will be absolutely 100% bell shaped. If I am looking at it from here, is it perfectly symmetrical? Doesn't it seem like there is more tail here and lesser tail here? Okay, let me draw a picture from here. What kind of standard normal distribution do we have? Perfect sickle, okay. Standard normal distribution, we have perfectly symmetrical number two. What would be its property? It is perfectly symmetrical


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be its property? It is perfectly symmetrical and we have mean, median, mode, okay. What would all these be? What would they become zero? If they become zero, they would be bringing them to zero or you can say by bringing them to the center. Okay, what is another important property? When it is perfectly symmetrical, then half of it is here and half of it is here, if both are mixed, then the off data at 50 would be on the left and the off data at 50 would be on the right. Okay, it becomes almost


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50 would be on the right. Okay, it becomes almost equal to two. Now let us see, it becomes almost equal to two. Plus what is the next property? What will be the next property? Off data at 68. Okay, under one standard deviation. Do you remember the data at 68? Where will it be? Plus minus one under standard division plus minus under. If you cannot remember, I will first write it down and then tell you.And at 95 the data lines under plus minus two standard deviation okay, okay and the third one


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standard deviation okay, okay and the third one at 997 the data lines under plus minus three now let's remember what we had read, okay, we had said that if we take any image, we will get this one, this one is so small, it is so big, remember we had said that it will be perfectly symmetrical and the mean, median, mode, all three will be coming at zero, okay and at 50 the data will be here, at 50 the data will be here, okay, at one standard deviation of 68, the data is bringing at two standard


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of 68, the data is bringing at two standard deviation plus minus on 95 and at three standard deviation plus minus on 99.7, the data is bringing, okay, what am I talking about, I am a standard normal distribution, we will get data, it will be a normal distribution, we will convert it under standard normal distribution, within standard normal distribution, okay, take any option inside standard normal distribution or normal Within the distribution, okay, till here you have understood the point,


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okay, till here you have understood the point, yes, any question, which % of data comes out, actually the standard says that what I am going to talk about now, you have asked, outside minus 3, the value outside minus 3 will be an outlier, so the question here is, what are these numbers, what are they, so we smoothed it, you had made our histogram there, we straightened it, and saw it there, this is the g score, these are the standard deviation values, what is this, the standard deviation


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values, what is this, the standard deviation values, this is the z score, what are the values ​​of z score, okay, now this is what we have said, one standard deviation away, two standard deviation three standard deviations away, okay, so now what do I have to do, now I have to first calculate the g score, that is, I have to calculate the standard deviation, okay, now a few things come up here that when I calculate the g score, then we say that what do we start doing, we have started scaling,


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what do we start doing, we have started scaling, what do we do, we have started scaling, okay, by scaling What is our data, it goes towards normalization, towards which it goes, we have two types of scaling, you must have heard the names min max scaleing is okay and what do we have, brother scaling, this is scaling, min max scaling and scaling or what do we call these together, normalization, what are we doing, normalizing the data, or you often talk about data in machine learning,


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or you often talk about data in machine learning, normalization, okay, what are we doing, now this min max scaling, this scaling is the first thing why do we do it, first of all to scale the data, plus the most important thing is what is it, let's come here, look, understand this thing, I have it here, if I study the column of J and the column of BME and the column of charges, what should I do, then how will I compare them, I cannot, why can't I, brother, as it is a different entity, how many


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I, brother, as it is a different entity, how many charges have been levied, that is a different entity, it means understand that I am trying to compare the data of different units, okay, what are you understanding my point brother, the thing is that there is some quantity in liters, the liquid quantity should be in liters Okay, Dawood says that our buffalo gave 10 liters of milk today, and you have 10 kg of ripe mangoes in our field, so can these be compared? Why can't they not be compared,


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be compared? Why can't they not be compared, because their units are different, their units are different, their data ranges are different, their data ranges are different. Here, if I find the minimum or maximum, what would it be? At the most, someone would be born in one day, the range would be one day old, and what would be the maximum, someone would be 100 years old, but what would the ranges be here? The ranges are in thousands, so no comparison is possible. So, when we are doing data


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is possible. So, when we are doing data modeling, creating a mathematical model, then what we try to do is to convert all these ranges into a similar range, let's say we convert them into similar ranges. There are many simple ways to convert them into similar ranges. What is the whole process called? Like, there is a column of this, right here. I will show you how it works, just look at it and understand, I said, understand the column of A, the column of A, divide it by the max of that which II


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of A, divide it by the max of that which II divided that column by the largest value in that column. I divided that column by the largest value in that column. So now tell me what will be the largest value in this column? Yes, I will get one because if the largest value is 100, then it will be divided by H. All the other values ​​are smaller than H. Now if I divide the values ​​smaller than H by H, then the answer will be in decimal. It will be smaller than one. Okay, if you are not able to


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be smaller than one. Okay, if you are not able to understand this, it doesn't matter. Look here, let me show you what I have. Look, I have something written, 12 years, 45 years, 56 years, 12 years, 13 years. Okay, which value is the largest among these? Yes, which one is it? So what do you do, brother, divide it by 56. Okay, when we divided by 56, what was the largest value we got because that was the largest. Divided by itself, all the others are smaller than that, so what will be its range


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are smaller than that, so what will be its range set between zero and W including zero and W has been set. This is one way that I have set the range. I squeezed it between zero and one. Okay, I have another column, in which people's salaries are written. One person's salary is 500. One person's salary is this much. One person's salary is 34000. One person's salary is this much. Okay, what is the biggest value in this? I have made it too much. 500 is divided by how much. Is it okay? I said okay,


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is divided by how much. Is it okay? I said okay, so I did it from there. Now tell me, how did the range of this column and the range of this column become? Actually, when you were looking at it earlier, the columns were running completely out. But now what has happened to the range of both of them? Okay, so the value is one. No problem, multiply it again by the maximum. Was this what it was? It came back all the way. Okay, tell me again, did you not understand? Compare. I did not compare


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you not understand? Compare. I did not compare anything. What I have just done, I have said what to do with the ranges of S by shaving it and taking it to zero. Come and in this way bring the salary ranges also by ss and bring them in row, so earlier its value was 10, 12, 25, 30, its value was in thousands, now what we can see is that both the values ​​have come in the same range, have come in the same range, that's it, this work is done, okay, let's go from thereIf we scale it then what is the


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go from thereIf we scale it then what is the maximum, right? Multiply it by 678. Hey brother, you will not give the real thing, then it will be there, we will do something with it, we will make it a whole lot better, come back, so min max scaling is also sling and what do we do with G scaling, we soften the data, this does not normalize the data, it is just direct scaling, okay, we have two methods, min max scaling and G scaling, what happens in min max scaling, brother, we minus the data value


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min max scaling, brother, we minus the data value from the main and divide it, max minus min, this is the formula of min max scale, I will explain now, min max scaled, okay, whatever our data point will be, we will minus it from the minimum and divide it by the difference, oh I have done a small work on this, what do I do, I put min max in scaling, what did I write, but you tell me the column which needs to be maximized, column minus column's mean, divide by column's max minus column's main


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mean, divide by column's max minus column's main max, is it written correctly, yes brother, this is what I have written, isn't it The value of the column minus the min of the column divided by the max of the column and the min of the column. What do you say? This did not go from the top. See what formula we had just written for min max. Yes, we had written the min max on the scaled value, what will be the value minus the min of the column. Okay, divided by divided by what max of column, max of


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divided by divided by what max of column, max of column minus min of column, max of column and min of column. See, I have written the same thing above. Because the data we have is coming from a data frame, the function gets called one by one, so each data point comes here, and when I find the min max of the column, it will automatically find it out from the entire column. Okay, this is what I understand. So when I did this, I converted many columns to min max, normalized all the three columns,


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to min max, normalized all the three columns, BME charges. We did this for all the three columns, so look, the data of J also came in decimal in this, the data of B also came in this and the data of charges also came in this. The old data has been kept as it is. This is the old data, it has been kept as it is. I am saying here that what if the value becomes negative, I don't think so, now do we have any other thing?Scaling is okay, what happens in G scaling, in G scaling when we talk about G


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in G scaling, in G scaling when we talk about G score or G scale, then its simple formula is data point minus mean divided by standard deviation, okay what is the formula, data point divided by standard deviation, this is G score, this is G scale, okay here I have created a function, the column is our data, minus the column, divide by the mean of the column, divide by the standard deviation of the column, take all the data, now we have some more columns added, brother G scale of A, G scale of


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columns added, brother G scale of A, G scale of BE and the value of charges will be smaller than the mean when minus 1 is okay, now we will have zero, x minus x will become zero, now we have this scale, when we calculate the G scale, then our data which was looking in normal distribution, now it becomes a standard normal distribution at 100, what happens, it becomes a standard normal distribution, okay now we can check Let's take it, we had plotted this earlier, we had plotted the raw data


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plotted this earlier, we had plotted the raw data earlier, we had directly plotted the BMI data, it looked like this, now let me check whether it is not already in the standard normal distribution, it is not already, so I checked its mean, I checked its median, I checked its mode, all the three values ​​are slightly different, it is more or less touching the normal, touching the standard normal, okay, the mean is coming to 30.6, the median is coming to 30.4 and this 32, the mode is a little


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coming to 30.4 and this 32, the mode is a little slightly, that is because of what is happening, but still it is more or less close to the standard, let's do the standard normal distribution because normal distribution, I said that it can be a bell shaped curve, but how can it be, that it can be crooked, that it can be skewed like this, we had read about skewness, that it is falling towards this side, it is falling towards this side, the tail is more here It is well shaped but inside it it is


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more here It is well shaped but inside it it is right skewed or left skewed and all these things are there, this is also possible, it will be called beech shaped, so how do we actually call itWe want to bring it like what should happen at the center, the distributor which is at 50:50, we have done simple normal normalization, let's plot its histogram with the min-max scale, see, it is better than before, let's apply its KD as well, what do we say, there is a little difference, there is a little


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there is a little difference, there is a little difference, very minor, okay, then we take the G scale, which I have increased the size of the standard normal distributor, now see this, what do we say, see where it has come to zero, it has shifted a little from zero, okay and one standard deviation, two standard deviation, three standard deviation and what has happened a little here from this standard, it has gone towards D, okay, the data error or the error of some values ​​is there, but you


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or the error of some values ​​is there, but you see, now when I worked on G score, standard score, it is also called standard score, G score or standard score, when I plotted it, now we see this near perfect distributor, about 50 But and % okay it looks like this, now on this data, if I find the mean median mode, what should come out, zero p, so right now in standard it is coming out to be zero, but what will be the value that will come out, the actual value should come out to be the same, it


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actual value should come out to be the same, it should come out nearly equal to zero, okay, when I did this, what is it saying now - 2.07 10 power minus 16 00, so how much will it be, is it zero, it is zero only, that means if I write any value by writing 00 or what is it zero, okay, in the same way if I find out the median, then minus po 043 this is also nearly equal to zero, is it zero, I found out the mode, so the value of the mode is a little far from 26, it is not coming in the range of 0,


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far from 26, it is not coming in the range of 0, it is coming in pat, that is why it is coming, there also we saw what was happening, our mode was troubling us, it was creating a little difference and here also a little difference is creating our butt butt this I have written something that brother the mean of the standard normal DI is zero by definition median for symmetric distribution like standard normal distribution the median is the point that divides the DI to equal half due to symmetry


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that divides the DI to equal half due to symmetry around zero the median is also zero mode is the value atWe know the density function chase maximum mode, what is the value in which the PDF function is, the max p is reached here, okay, the max p is reached for the standard PDF in x = 0, so the mode is also zero, no, it is not coming to -2, it is coming to 0 p minus 0.00 then it is exactly zero, okay, it is exactly zero and this is how it happens, exactly zero comes in very rare cases, if I take


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exactly zero comes in very rare cases, if I take 1015 data myself and put exactly defined values ​​in it, then it will come to be zero, okay, in a true standard normal distribution, the mean, median, mode should all be exactly zero, which is a true standard normal distribution, in which all should be exactly zero while the mean and the median, mean and the median are close to zero, the mode is slightly off mode, in which the sum of the distribution from the perfect normal distribution in the


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from the perfect normal distribution in the data set, so this slide The distribution can be based on the nature of real world data which cannot be perfectly normal and real world data is not that ideal. There is scope for it. So now what do we have to prove? Now we have to understand that thing. In a normal distribution, the data is at 30, on this side it is at 70, on this side it is at 80, on this side it is 20. This thing is normal. I worked on it through standard G score and found out the


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on it through standard G score and found out the standard normal distribution. So what is the size of the distribution? It goes from right to left and becomes absolutely okay. But still there are some data points which are at the negligible limit and they are still going out of the range. Yes, this exercise which we are working on, basically we were studying the topic of hypothesis testing, but all these terminology was coming in it. I was using it, but I myself was feeling that maybe this It


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it, but I myself was feeling that maybe this It is not clear to everyone, that is why the picture which I am trying to imagine is going on in my mind, okay friend, the value of this has come, I have calculated the confidence value of the table, that is, I have calculated it in %, okay, but I was feeling that this is not working, okay, so because of this, I felt this myself and I felt that I should not repeat it.And even if we take it in a simple manner but the point should be understood that it


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manner but the point should be understood that it should be done like this. The region is useful, no, but it is useful for 110. Now the thing is that the property that we discussed that the data at 68 will be in this range and such and such data will be in this range, such and such data will be in this range. So in which case of normal distribution, in the case of normal distribution, this is the scenario that we have. Well, if I tell it the correlation of which, now by doing X, leaving this,


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of which, now by doing X, leaving this, the correlation is when I compare two values, what does it mean? Well, let's compare two values. There is a column A and a column B. For example, let's see the data of this, we have this data, right? We have this data, A is this much, BME is this much, BME has decreased, A is this much, BE is this much. Now can I derive any relation between these two, that if A is decreasing, then what is happening to the BMI? If it is decreasing, then what is happening,


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BMI? If it is decreasing, then what is happening, if it is decreasing, then BME is increasing, or when we are comparing two values, then we call it what we are seeing between them, that we are finding out the relation, ok as a human being, I repeat this thing again and again that we are depending on the column name, as a human being what we are depending on, we are depending on the column name, whereas in mathematical calculation it is depending on the values, okay, in mathematical calculation


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on the values, okay, in mathematical calculation it is depending on the values, I will explain it again by giving an example, I have data of some children written in a column, their degrees are written, one child is from computer science, one child is from mechanical, one child is from civil, one child is from MBBS, this and that, and what is written in one of their columns that brother, he takes food and drink, the child of computer science eats 10 plates of biryani in a week He eats it and


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10 plates of biryani in a week He eats it and the other ones who are of Shobh's are so much into it now the question is will there be any collaboration between them or it will not happen because of his degree and eating his biryani well why am I saying this on whom did we catch himBecause of the column name, okay, on what are we deciding, we are deciding on the column name and when you look here, what do I do, brother, if I calculate this, then tell me where did the column name come in this


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tell me where did the column name come in this whole scenario, here, the numerical value is x and what does that boy know that there is a value of biryani and this is not the only thing of his department, what does he do in between the numbers, he sees the pattern, okay, this number is decreasing, this number is increasing, this number decreased further, this number increased further, what does he know from the pattern, he gives us inversely collated one is increasing, then what is happening,


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one is increasing, then what is happening, the other is decreasing, now he does not go to the column name, okay, so this event relation, when we are studying the two columns, now let's come back to it, why did the collation come to your mind, okay, now let's talk about what we have, then what data do we have, which data of insurance for apple Let me take this column, I have taken this column, okay, we know what I am going to do, I say brother this data at 68 and what is the other one at 95 and


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data at 68 and what is the other one at 95 and off at 997, the data is like this, okay and what are we going to do, one standard deviation, okay, ah, let me find its mean, how will the mean of this column be found, ah, the average gets selected, yes, okay, okay, hey [music] friend, take it from here, yes, this has gone, now we don't use it so much, neither do we have practice, okay, how much is the mean, we have already calculated it before, calculate the standard deviation, why is the standard


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the standard deviation, why is the standard deviation not getting selected, why is it not getting selected, friend, then select two first, okay, okay, 6 p 09, okay, ah, look, we have one standard deviation, just understand, when I talk about stations, one is on the left and one is on the right, so I call one the lower limit and one I call the upper limit, so now the lower limit What is it equal to brother, yes mean plus or mean minus my mean minus one standard deviation, so I will take the


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minus one standard deviation, so I will take the value of mean from here, mean minus one standard deviation, okay, what comes out to be 24 and what will come here, mean plus minusWhat is the standard deviation? Okay, now within this range, how many values ​​are there within this range, I will count the number of values ​​in this range from here to here. Okay, here I can also apply a condition inside the if, but let's do an easy thing, what can we do, brother, let's apply a filter, right? Okay,


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do, brother, let's apply a filter, right? Okay, where is the filter? I applied this filter. From where do I want the value? Yes, 20 4.5 24.5 From here, I also want this, I also want this, till where, till 36. It is taking some time, but this, where is this one here? Yes, I can apply greater than this on this, friend. What should I write between brother 245 and 36 7, how many values ​​are there? This count is coming. How many 900 values? Okay, brother, so where will our count go? How much is our


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so where will our count go? How much is our 900 values? Okay, total, how many values ​​do we have? 1300, how much data is our total? 138, right? 13 38 Now let me find out what will be the percentage of this 900 divided by 1380 by 100 how much is it coming out ok so what are we getting to know from this that our Ajman ok why am I doing this that we keep discussing this thing again and again but it was not getting settled in my mind what is happening ok now we can see how much of our data is


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ok now we can see how much of our data is coming on standard deviation away ok it is not at 68 right now this means that this is a normal distribution right now standard normal distribution standard normal de will go to 100% this will go to 100% 68 ok now if I find it for two standard deviation then it will be easy for us yes I will just bring it down and go to sub and then change the sign how did we find it what did we write mean value mean value minus minus two times standard deviation this


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minus minus two times standard deviation this is it and what will come out mean value no no yes plus two times standard deviation Value right is okay so our range has increased, see 42 now let us apply a filter on this, where did the column number go, filter between from where to where, from 42.8 to 18.4 to 42.8, the small l is not visible, it does not seem to be coming, the count is just checking it, no, it just selected it, what is our count, 1281, so oursHow much do we have? This will come


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1281, so oursHow much do we have? This will come 2, it is above 18, right? It is 18, right? 1281 and what happened here brother 1281, how much percentage do we have? 30 is written 38 95, let's correct this as well, or 672, okay, so what will happen to that standard deviation, the lower limit mean minus that times standard deviation, and what will happen here, the mean plus three times standard deviation 48 should come in the filter between 12.3 and 48, okay, how much do we have? 1334, how much


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and 48, okay, how much do we have? 1334, how much value did we get? 1334, what is the total? 1338 1334 and the total we have is 1338, finally what do we have, 34 divided by 38, multiplied by 100, 99.7, okay, now it's clear that we have data, if there is a normal distributor, then what would he definitely be doing, he would be following all these properties, but If we have a good normal distribution, what do we have to do, we have to create it, what will we do for that, we will apply the


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it, what will we do for that, we will apply the standard normal distribution, now you guys can see this yourself by doing a little bit of twitching, I had taken BME, I can take BME scaled value, or I can put it, let's do it first, file t csv, the data we have inside it is done, u csv insurance sd dot csv, okay, now I will open this file from here, which one to take, BMI, G scale, it did not make any difference, the picture is getting clear, it is not getting clear or the activity is going


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it is not getting clear or the activity is going waste, okay, this BG scale has come, now what do I do here, just go here and do the values ​​of mean, what do I do here instead of A, I will do B and here also B, this value came, the mean was coming very low, in deviation also here B and here the value of B station, all this got updated, this also got updated, it also got updated, now what do I do here, to take out the count, I will have to do the same, then I will have to do a good filter This


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same, then I will have to do a good filter This filter is of Sharif, listen brother, listen brother, from here where did the filter go, ok brother, from where to where is the first range, mine 0.9 99 taking plus 0.99 0.99 has been selected, how many values ​​are there, 889 889 889 let's go back, where did 89 go, ok it got hidden because of that, 889 na 889 so the total value here was 1338 and this is fine 6 6.4 how much was R before 67 now we have just within secondsWe have to check the count


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just within secondsWe have to check the count only between -1 p [music] 99 1.99 1280 the same is coming 12 81 one is decreasing yes friend that is correct and 9562 check the last one also brother 2.9 to 2.9 minus 2.99 to 2.99 how much is this 1334 cm coming 1334 1338 99 p it did not come before also now it will remain the same as before 1344 okay a little variation is there and we have seen what we have so we saw the property on the graph also and ours is at 68 and now this thing should be


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and ours is at 68 and now this thing should be clear in your mind that brother this is something or it is not in the air that we are talking about it yes okay any question inside this yes show the excel sheet which one this ah see this value is written this value is written understand brother please their question is absolutely correct this value is written huh this one is ok what is it written here in r the power of 16 means this is exact in might in 10 to power minus 16 means this means how


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in 10 to power minus 16 means this means how many zeros will come before t in the decimal 15 zeros will come so one and a quarter is two right now this is such a small value yes it is visible because of exponent y but ok ok brother any other confusion in this ok now what is the matter now one minute one minute now we are here now look here enough talk friend we have left the girls now we will have any data point in this range if we go to g table then what do we see from there we have g score


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then what do we see from there we have g score then we go and search for something in g table what do we have of any data point we have g score we go to g table and search for something what is it to find that what is the probability of this point what is the probability of this data point so from here the p value which we call probability value of t of t particular data point okay in next class in detail We will discuss how this works but it is okay to revise it because now I think I cannot


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is okay to revise it because now I think I cannot tell you more than this, okay 1 minute, 1 minute, 1 minute


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What did you read etc. what is it or have you read it so did we read this thing or you are talking like this yes maybe you just read that and after that you did not see it, similarly we were learning to do searching query inside the data so today we will gain expertise in query, do you people have laptops, how many of you don't have it, yes I forgot the charger at home, let's take some new data and we were working on the previous data, it was simple easy and it was a small data set, right, now


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easy and it was a small data set, right, now let's take the discussion a bit further because Walekum Salam I have imported the libraries and now I will go and take some dangerous data set in the data, right, yes I have put it, how many recordings have you seen till date, the recording which you are asking that I have put it, you don't see even one and I am talking about my class recording brother, the recording that you see, it is a secret recording and those are secret recordings, ok what was


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and those are secret recordings, ok what was I looking for, I forgot myself, let's write the data from here, ok brother I have a CSV data set and UC has 4803 rows in it and There are 20 columns, basically this is a data set. So let's work on it now. The first thing we do is, when we get the data, then first of all we check the shape of the data. We can see it here as well, but what does the shape tell us? What does it tell us? How many rows and how many columns? Then after that we check the


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how many columns? Then after that we check the head of the data. The first column that is being formed is how much was the budget. This is a movies data set. We work on it in the same way. And what is this? Yes, this is a type of movie. I don't know what all we read, but its correct pronunciation is Jane John. I don't know what to read. Jane no Jane no no Janero Janero, why are the blasts happening? I don't know. Now its home page is for us. Jane John, the key words of this movie, what is its


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John, the key words of this movie, what is its original language, what was its title and what is its overview. What is popular? The production companies. This is the entire data set. How many minutes is it? Which languages ​​have been spoken? It has been released. Tags. what is the line its vote what is the vote count okay so thisWhat we have is a data set which is present. Let me see one more thing. I have some data lying with me. I don't know where I have kept it. Tell me the whole thing. I


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where I have kept it. Tell me the whole thing. I am taking a data set. We will explore the data set. We will learn to run queries on it. How do I answer something from value extracted from it? Yes, there is data but this one is a little bigger data. So I want to get a little bit of an easy one so that we can do that. I will wait a minute or okay, I will load the top 1000 data. We have a little refined data. Its shape is how much data do we have in it. There are 1000 records and 10 columns. And


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in it. There are 1000 records and 10 columns. And if I look at it by heading it, then what is the series? When was it released? What is its run time? What is its genre? What is the ADB rating? Who was the director? Who was the star? How many votes did it get? How much business did it do? And I don't know what is the meta score. Now we have to play with it. Basically, when I have loaded the data, the first thing that I will tell you is that the first thing that I will do is that you will see


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first thing that I will do is that you will see that the series will be released in the first place. Exploration happens and I am doing it, I have checked the shape, I have checked the columns inside the data, but still I have seen the list of columns, yes, okay, last time we had named the columns, we had also changed them, do you remember how we did it and here we finally take out the data info, from the info we get that no data is missing, here in the meta score, about 157 records are


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here in the meta score, about 157 records are missing, right? So we will fill or drop it, we will check, so I can do it from here also, I A dot sum, so 157 records are missing in the meta and there is no data missing in any column, well now I will study each column one by one, the series title, the series title is 1000, I think the series title will be unique for everyone, right? The titles will be unique, data dot series title dot, which function should we use, value count, so it told that it


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should we use, value count, so it told that it looks like a series which has come twice, it could be a duplicate record, I did not even check, late I will check duplicate records we read about duplicate records we read about handling missing missing values ​​in the previous class okayOkay brother, don't fight, let's go after praying Namaaz and then we will make a duplicate record, we will work on that data, please come quickly friend, I will share the data, I will put it on Air Force share, I


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the data, I will put it on Air Force share, I am putting the data file on Air Force share, those who are working on the system can pick it up from there, I am coming to it right now, Air Force, if we are working on the same net, then we can share the file with each other, I will put it here, you will also go to the side, you will see this file, you can pick it up from here, but okay now we have loaded the data, everyone has got the file, there is Haj record, 10 columns have been headed, after


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is Haj record, 10 columns have been headed, after that we have checked the column names, title release run time, okay, do you intend to change something in the column name, have you not, I have taken out the info, I have checked it, I will check the duplicate, what is a duplicate record, if the same record comes twice, what does the same record mean, abe, every feature, what should be the value in every column, only then it will be the same, if it becomes 9.4 here, it becomes 31, then It will


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it becomes 9.4 here, it becomes 31, then It will not be called same. So let me check this. Data dot duplicated. Will it bring all the duplicate records? False false false. Nothing is coming in this. First, I will find out how many duplicates there are. There is no duplicate. Okay, just the name of one series, title. Now, in the duplicates also, there are stories, right? Are the records of the story duplicated? By default, what is the system that what should be the value of every column? Two


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what should be the value of every column? Two columns should be identical. But we can change this. I can say that brother, do this. Also, look at the series title, the series title, the release date, the director's name, the hero's name. If these four things are common, then you should consider it as a duplicate. Or if any name is repeated, then it is a duplicate. If the rest of the things are there or not, then by default, what should be the scenario for each column? The first value should be


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for each column? The first value should be all equal. But I want to modify this, I want to change it, so I can do this. Okay, data dot duplicated. some. Now here I What can I do in duplicate, the same thing which we did in subset drop, if we want to drop the record then we have to see this valueIf there is A in these two columns, then drop the pass. So in the duplicate, what will we write on Y? We will provide this in the subset. Brother, if the title of the series matches, then it will be


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the title of the series matches, then it will be duplicated. Now, if we see it like this, one title has matched, so it has shown it in the duplicate. Now the entire record is not visible to anyone. It is only visible to whom. Tell the series title. Okay, well, I say, do this. Check the release year as well. It is possible that many movies are remakes. There is a new version of an old movie. Tell me the name of the movie. There is no such thing. If the release year was also the same with the


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If the release year was also the same with the release year, maybe it was the same, but it is not. So, in this way, what will it do now, brother, it will not see the entire record. If the value matches in these two columns, then what will it call it? This duplicate record is coming as a duplicate. That's why this movie was coming twice. So, I am working on it. Let's see the series title. Let's see the release year column. Data dot release year. Release year is the year, but how is it written?


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Release year is the year, but how is it written? It is coming as an object type. I am writing that this is a string type, I am writing that this is a string type, should its type be changed, should it be typed, should it be date time, should it be date time, or date time, or date or it is a part of date, so what should its type be, it should be date object, okay, so I can change this, I can convert this PD dot to date time into date time, which column, data dot release year, now you will see


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column, data dot release year, now you will see that its type is that we have, let me first see the error, let me see the unique value first because there is some problem in between, it is coming in all the string, see what is written here, because of this one, this cannot be converted into date, what do I have to do with this record, should I dump it or put a new value in its place, yes, should I replace it with what, I have to do all these things, learn in the data, what all do we have to


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things, learn in the data, what all do we have to check, what should I do in data dot release year, release year where what value is coming, PG R, okay, what do we do to fetch this record, this query will be created and what will we write behind the data, so this That record is Apollo 13 release on 996 index and PG someone has wronglyI have put the entry and if it would have been coming anywhere else, that would have also come, there is only one record of it, this which I have written, we have


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record of it, this which I have written, we have read it in the previous class, so do not make weird faces, I have read it and gone and repeated it, I am able to understand this, so many people are not able to understand, everyone is understanding the line I have written, this eye is getting bigger and is coming out, now what do I have to do, put it on the PG's jag, so for replacing, I will do it with replace, what should I write data dot release year dot replace replace what replace PG with


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year dot replace replace what replace PG with now with what should I replace, friend, which value should I put, how will the average of the random average string be found out, Baba, now whatever I have learnt last time, I take the mode, I cannot find the average on this, so I take the most repeated value, I take the mode, so what should I write on this, data dot release year dot mud index, okay, I will replace this and what should I do with replace also, finally it is in place, in place, say


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also, finally it is in place, in place, say no, it looks like a problem, far be it I am feeling Now if I run this query, what will be its result? I will get MT result, nothing. Now it has been replaced. Some result is coming. Now if I check the unique, then some value must have come after 1943. Which value came? 1943 was 43 before. That must be visible to us here anyway. We ran a query for this. For highlighting, you can see both of them in comparison. By keeping the previous record as well as


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By keeping the previous record as well as the data in front. So this data of ours is fine. Now I am fine. Let me move forward. Because of this, it was not getting converted into date time. Now I can change it into date time. What do I say? PD dot to date time and data dot release year has been created. See, the date has been created. What is the data type coming out? Date time. The advantage of date time is that now I can pick the year from this date. I can pick the month. I can pick the day.


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date. I can pick the month. I can pick the day. If this is written in string format, then I will say tell me the year. Run this and the year has come in the string but it cannot come in the date. Isn't it okay? Now I can use all the functions of date here from the date. Coming to the point, whatever date it is we should keep it in the date. At least it should not be a string, even if it was an index, then it would have worked.oh no we will write it okay let's subtract 1940 from 2013 from 1940


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it okay let's subtract 1940 from 2013 from 1940 still how many years are there in the b string difference of years cannot find out how many years have passed cannot do it minus then we can do it in date time date previous date current minus it is better next which was our column brother what is run time run time how many hours long is the movie say how many hours long is the movie one is how many hours long is the movie one is the hour long is the movie an integer run time okay there is no


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is the movie an integer run time okay there is no issue isn't it then after that the same thing came who jono jono has come zone data dot I will first view like that what story are you both telling come here behind me with your heads down no no only the voices of both are coming I don't know what they are doing brother those behind keep an eye look the heads of both are not visible heads are down uh the voices of the group are coming what are you doing brother sir so show me brother this is not


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doing brother sir so show me brother this is not a private place cameras oh everything is on okay now this is with us I am its yall Let me check which types of movies we have, so drama, crime, action, biography, western, comedy, adventure, animation, horror, mystery, fantasy, thriller, this is correct, the value is not right, I will also check which movie is how much, what will I do for that, the value will tell me how much is the drama type, action, comedy, so and so, so and so, so and so,


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action, comedy, so and so, so and so, so and so, right, if you want to plot them, you can also plot them, yes, make a plot, you can make a palti dot bar plot, you can also make a pie chart of it, okay, what will I put in x, what will I pick up data dot value count, brother, what will I pick up index, index and what will I pick up of this, value value will come in one place, x index, that means the name will come in value, sorry height, okay, we will have to make this size a little bigger, what


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will have to make this size a little bigger, what should I write for the figure, for that, palti dot fig figure will come inside it, fig size, I will tell it to be 14 ba s a lot, right, and at the end I say palti dot, now see, the name will be far away, I have made it a little wider, the name will become readable, okay. ok next column which drama of ours is amdb rating, in this also we see the value, what is given on data.i amdb whichCapital from the name, this rating is coming in the result,


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the name, this rating is coming in the result, it is correct, isn't it, the director, who is the director who makes the film, who spends the money, the producer, this director list is coming, we also check the uniqueness in the director and also take out the value count, which director has made how many films, there is no problem in the names, we also check this, all the strings seem correct and there are many, all seem unique, how will we know how many people's list is there, let me find out


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how many people's list is there, let me find out the length of this, what should I do, there are 548 directors, it means there are some repeated directors also, there is a list of 1000, so let's see ta dot director dot value count Alfred Hick its 14, Stephen its this much, this much, 10 and so okay, if you want to make a plot of this also, then make it, we have learnt to make a single plot, we keep making the same plot, data dot director, data dot director is 548 directors, so it will come on


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dot director is 548 directors, so it will come on our graph, he has done it almost, but here it can be seen that the one with 14 is the highest, yes, we give such data to each film makers Let's drop those whose films are one and apart from that we can also put them in any one director category and we will learn when we are learning data pre-processing, so when we have more categories, then we will reduce the unnecessary categories, that is, I have 1000 bottles, 1000 mice, 1000 but I have one, I


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1000 bottles, 1000 mice, 1000 but I have one, I have a keyboard, a chair, a table, so these categories are less, I will combine all of these and make a single category, make general other category, put all the ones with one, then the 25-30 values ​​that will come in it, our size will be reduced and this is not the talk of now, what will happen next, now who is star one, star one, who is the top star, now he can also be a hero, he can also be a man, usually it is a hero, isn't it, star one has


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man, usually it is a hero, isn't it, star one has 1000 names written and it means if I count all the values, everyone's one will come, then it is No, it is not much, 680, 680, okay, some so many, he has so many films, he has so many films, meaning 12 times and 12 different films, he is star one, isn't it like that, so there are total 660 people who are as a star one, they areYes, it is included. If I had known that I sing such a nice lullaby, see, I am very addicted to Python, so this came


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see, I am very addicted to Python, so this came quickly. Good ta dot number of words, I have a lot of experience. It should not happen like this. I should sit here and start making predictions based on my experience. Number of words is an integer value. Okay, the numbers are visible. Okay, next, how much gross did you earn and you come to the gross. I am doing all these steps because when you get the data, you will have to explore every column. You will have to eliminate the problems within it.


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will have to eliminate the problems within it. Then we will fit the data on a statistical basis. Well, right now I am just working on cleaning the data. We will bring the data in a better form. The problems in the data are missing, duplicate values, bad. We have just seen that we are setting some things so that the quality of the data becomes better. Okay, if the type of problem is coming out wrong, then this is also giving results. Okay and now our last column which was meta score, there are a


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our last column which was meta score, there are a lot of missing records in it, 157 is missing, data dot meta score is 64, I will go here and check again, dot sum, it says 157 is missing, what should I do, fill the meta score of 157 or drop the data, put zero, it will become too much, first of all their point will be lost and the data will reduce, first we have the record, so it is not appropriate to drop it, and what is it saying, Salam Walekum Walekum Salam, not even towards Ami, no, the


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Walekum Salam, not even towards Ami, no, the mobile is on, it must be going like this, yes, it was a little bad at that time, then it is fine, what can you say, I can see that it is a record and 157 is missing, so it becomes 15.7 percent, so many records, we should have filled them missing or should we have filled the data, now how are these data values, it is not gross, it is meta score, we have meta score values ​​in flood and like this If it is coming then how will it be filled, from mean,


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is coming then how will it be filled, from mean, from median, from mode, yes, from mode, from median, from mean, why not, yes, it will be done from mean, we will have to see the outliers, so now what do I do here to see the outliers, what do I do to see the outliers, to see the outliers we make a box plotWhat to make a box plot? If the box plot is not being made in matplotli, then I have used the C-Ban library for plotting. The C-Ban library is the next version of matplotli. For example, if you


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next version of matplotli. For example, if you are studying pandas and writing Python in it, then the C-Ban library matplotli is its wrapper. So, if you are studying Python pandas, then whose file is it? C-Ban is also made from the function of plotli. So, keep doing it together. The good library graphs are good and the version is good. So, we imported it. Box plot, box box plot data, any meta score. What is this box plot that I made? Does anyone know what a box plot is? Some might know, some


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know what a box plot is? Some might know, some don't. Box plot is a five number summary. Sorry, what do we have in box plot? It is a five number summary. Whenever we see a box plot, we get five numbers. The minimum value of the column data, the maximum value of the data, where is it getting at 25, where is it getting at 50, 75. But where is it bringing it, let's look at this graph, okay, what is it showing me, that we have this box plot, this is the minimum value, this is the value, wherever it


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the minimum value, this is the value, wherever it is touching the graph, see what is the value and the line in the middle tells what is the median of the data and it tells that the data is bringing in values ​​at quartile one of 25 and it tells that the median is at 50 and it tells that the maximum value is at 75. Now I will teach you about this, what is it telling, okay, this is our box plot, it is telling, it is telling, this is very useful, it is used a lot, what is the minimum value in our


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is used a lot, what is the minimum value in our data, 46 or 45, what is the maximum value, 100, okay, the values ​​that are coming below are also values, but what has he termed all these values ​​as outliers, how did he declare them as outliers, how did he know that they are outliers, so it is some calculation, okay, it is some. The calculation inside that brother, we will learn that calculation and we will take out all these and the values ​​that are above the maximum on this line will be


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​​that are above the maximum on this line will be outliers from here, outliers do not just happen that I am plotting one valueSo if the value comes here, it is an outlier, it can become an outlier even if it comes below, so this is the system that not only the maximum value is an outlier, the value can also go to the minimum and be an outlier; what is an outlier if there are values ​​surrounding the mean value to the median value, this is the median line, the values ​​surrounding it are 75, 50,


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line, the values ​​surrounding it are 75, 50, 25, the values ​​in this surrounding are a little far, the minimum and the maximum are a little far, but the one that goes further away from these, means this is the middle, this 25 here it is 75, here it is 25, now if someone is even farther away from these, then what will it call an outlier, but it is calculating and saying this on the basis of figures, we are just discussing by looking at the image, but if it has called any value as an outlier


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but if it has called any value as an outlier numerically, then it means that it is an outlier, after calculating it it has said that okay, it has kept the minimum value, this line decides on its own. But it decides on the basis of statistics calculation on whose basis it is, and this is called maximum, that is called minimum, and the outlier value here, yes no, harmonic will not come out, we have it, see how to interpret box plot, you can see this, the value of circumference is visible, okay,


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the value of circumference is visible, okay, this is given to you, friend, this minimum value is 20 and maximum value is 250, okay, from here till here or when it comes here, above 70, above 70, it is saying that the value of our data at 25 is bringing it here, it is a percentile, basically it is not percentage, do you know, percentage, we will not go into percentile right now, but this percentile is bringing so many values ​​in our data, here it is bringing all the data at 25, the data at 50


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it is bringing all the data at 25, the data at 50 is on this side of it and at 25 and this is our maximum value in the data. So what are the outliers that are present for us? If I find the min and max of my data, what value is it showing in data dot meta score dot, 288. This value is fine, it is coming below 28 30 but is going into outlier and in this way if I find the max, it will be 100, there is no value above that, there is no value above that, okay, so the minimum, now after removing the


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okay, so the minimum, now after removing the outliers, this lineWhat will be our minimum, what will it be 25, 50, 75, and 100 maximum values, all the values ​​above and below it will be outliers, through this you can remove the outliers from the data, so right now outliers are present, so with what do I fill it up, with what do I fill it up, I fill it with median, okay, so what do I do, do I fill it with med score dot fill a, fill a with data dot meta score, I say take your mode, brother, sorry


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meta score, I say take your mode, brother, sorry mode, I said median, okay, I said first take out your median and fill your own median within itself, if there were more than one column, then we would have created a dictionary, which we had learnt in the previous class, all of them together and when it fills, the float object is not scriptable, which float object is single column, so not a scriptable table, in direct mode, take zero index, friend, it was in the median, then the numeric value


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it was in the median, then the numeric value would come, I am saying right, it has been filled, okay, what do I do with it, finally I should place it in place, okay, now once in my heart What should we do to make sure that we are safe, let's check again, is there any value left or not? Okay, it has been filled, I understand and you are understanding the steps. Now what has our data become, we have almost managed it. Now our actual job was to query the data. Now what questions do we ask from the


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the data. Now what questions do we ask from the data? The question is, how many movies were released in the year 1994? The question is, how many movies, what data, which column should be equal to 1994? Okay, no, I have converted it, bring all this, what should I say, none of the data is coming, which date-time one, so let me check, let me check, I have not forgotten, it should come at least once, right? No, I have not made any changes in the original, what should I do to change it in the


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original, what should I do to change it in the region, it is coming here, I check, it is coming in place, it is not coming, what is the second option, reassign it, resign the value that comes, okay, the output is finished, it means the region has changed, now come here I am going again to 1994, still nothing is coming, why did it happen, did you make it permanent, now we have released it, why is it not coming now, yes, I took out the string in it and it showed wherever it wasIf I took out the


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it and it showed wherever it wasIf I took out the one which is coming in the year 1994, then how many movies are there? Now I have all these movies which were released in which year, 1994. Now if I want to send this data to someone, then how can I send it? If I want to send only this data to me, then how can I send it? Just take out the query and send me the form of the excel file. So I will save it. Okay, I saved movies 1990. After saving it has now been saved as a data frame, so I cannot send


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now been saved as a data frame, so I cannot send the data frame to anyone. What will I do with this? I will call it bhapd.com movies 1994 csv or excel. What will I name this file? I will keep the same name movies. You can also change it. When I run this, what will it become? I will have an excel file created. Okay, it will open. It will open. All this data is coming in it which is of 1994. Okay, are you able to understand? Okay, what did I do again? When I ran the query and Its result has come.


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When I ran the query and Its result has come. Now someone has asked me, someone has asked for it, so what do I have to do with it, I have to share the data. So what did I do? I saved the result of the query in a data frame. Now we had converted this data frame back to the excel file. We had created a data frame in pandas. Now we are putting the data frame back in excel. For that, we had read it there. What will we do here, we will write that data frame in excel. Excel and the name with which we


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frame in excel. Excel and the name with which we want to create the file, we will write it with the extension. So that file will be created in our root folder. If I have to create it somewhere else, then I will have to write the full path. When you become more expert, then you will be creating it directly on the server. You will be giving the path of the server. You will get it created there after looking at the URL. Okay, good. And let's ask more questions. My next question is that brother,


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more questions. My next question is that brother, you guys please tell me the question. How many animation movies are there? What will we do with the data of all the animation movies? Data will be equal to what animation and we will put this query. Data. Now all the movies that are coming inside this, whose number is what? The animation is fine. Right now I'm running a query on a single column. Now we can evolve two, three columns simultaneously.I will ask you okay bring all the movies of a


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will ask you okay bring all the movies of a particular director, brother I want all the movies of Roger Alerts, what should I write brother tell me quickly, there is data dot director, right? This director should be equal to Roger Alert and there is only one movie, okay, only one movie can live and die, not bad, the meta score is coming out good, its 88 amount has also earned a good 9945 votes, friend, the name of the movie was Lan King, friend, you have been watching the famous movie till now,


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you have been watching the famous movie till now, right brother, let's ask more questions, okay and the question is that brother this is an easy question, in the end all the questions are becoming difficult, now which are those movies whose meta score is more than 90, now what should I write brother, data dot meta score greater than equal to 90, it has come 161 records whose meta score is more than 90, okay, now see, now it's a simple question, went to a column and applied that filter on it,


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went to a column and applied that filter on it, created a query and took it out, now I am saying that brother bring all such crime movies whose meta score is more than 90, now what kind of movies are there, all such I want crime movies whose meta score is 90 now how many things have evolved and two things have evolved so now what shall I write brother in data dot first what shall I filter crime movies data dot what is brother what should be with which yes sorry okay what should be equal to


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with which yes sorry okay what should be equal to which should be equal to crime now this is a query and what should be there along with it which is the second column which is the one with meta score both of these should be true together so which operator will come and the operator will come if I say or crime should be or should be from 90 then apply and operator okay so I applied and wrote another query okay the one which we used to write in a and python a andd and or and here this one will be


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python a andd and or and here this one will be used for and for and will be used pipe okay end data dot meta score greater than equal to y close both the queries separately in brackets so that MBT ends and y comes near all those crime movies whose meta score is 90 now okay are you understanding the point okay now I say that brother all the action movies released in 1972 Tell me the gross of the movies, how much money did they earn, how much money did the action movies released in 1900-72 earn


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did the action movies released in 1900-72 earn that year, should we go one by one, what am I writing brother, data dot releaseyer it will be equal to this, 1972 release what will be brother 1972 and what will be and data dot generation what will be its action and action share action okay and what will be data dot gross gross gross what to do with gross, to find out the amount of gross, to find out the total of all their gross, then it will not come in the query first see, first of all this has


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in the query first see, first of all this has come, what data is left with me, this one, this one, all that data has come, action movie released in 1972, let's take some other year, friend only one is coming in it, right, let's take 1900 90 what happened, okay there is no one in 0 friend two in 2003 92 in 92 now when this data has come, now what do I have to pick up from their gross, to pick up the sum, then to pick up the total, so which column will I select next, gross I had explained


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column will I select next, gross I had explained yesterday, now what will be selected from this, from all these gross has come, gross now this What do I have to do with the gross [music] ok so what has happened now all the action films that were released in 1992 had earned this much money in 1992 issue ji the total amount of both the movies, I am able to understand and I am able to write it, it is simple, it is not that much of an issue if you are understanding it together, then what are we


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are understanding it together, then what are we doing now now we are saying that brother the director is Frakas Fad Kopla Kopla, how much business has he done in total, okay so tell him that Parsi Bha data dot director who will be the director Kopla now all his movies have come, what do we have to take its earnings, so what column did we take to take the earnings, gross this column of gross came, after that we took the sum, okay brother ok brother this is the data of top 1000 movies and write


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this is the data of top 1000 movies and write the question now you guys tell any question friend after looking at the data, think about the question, ask that thing, it should not be asked in the data, who was the director's wife, now where will we find the question in this, think ok, I will tell the question and come Movie from there and mother now we will go by group, I am not going directly there, move slowly, son you go and sit there in the park at the back, after leaving so much noise and


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park at the back, after leaving so much noise and my voice became heavy, this is lying vacant in the sir, there is such a big screen, I have to sit there, I don't know what I do at the back, the guy who is teaching me keeps on torturing himself, come let's watch all such movies whose run time is more than 150 and which are thoseSo whether it is a drama or a comedy, if it is a comedy, then let's calculate their earnings, so what should I write brother, data dot run time greater than equal to 150


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data dot run time greater than equal to 150 and what should be the data dot generation of their comedy, comedy, okay and data dot yes, we also have to check its ID reading, let's apply amd, data dot amd rating greater than equal to na, okay, so first this data will come, why did we get an error because I did not apply brackets, that amd becomes bigger, which one to run with what, so you should apply brackets, okay, what's left, it's okay, there is no such movie [laughs], let's make the rating


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is no such movie [laughs], let's make the rating five, yes, there are many five, make it above eight, it is coming in it, right, a lot of it is coming in the background, it is coming, okay, so now what to calculate for them, I have taken the column of gross, okay and what to calculate for them, this is okay, you don't have to do anything now you have to do two things, first you have to go and create your account on Kaggle, everyone's account is created [Music] [Music] Kaggle is the Facebook of


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created [Music] [Music] Kaggle is the Facebook of data science people, okay, data sets are also available here and There are competitions too, how many people have heard the name of Kaggle for the first time, yes, then how are you saying, for the first time you also tell the name of your family members, who did you hear first [Music] hey brother, I will send you the link of the Ilam, I will send you the link, I will do it with Team Swim, you can come and talk here, don't go around here, okay,


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come and talk here, don't go around here, okay, Google is basically a platform of data science, people who work on data, here you can find data, here you can also find the work done by people and yes, it is not a freelancing website, it is not a freelancing website, here you learn and also share your work, here it is a portal of learn, if you come to Learn, you can also learn here in Learn, there are courses, you can learn the whole Python, you can learn Panda, time series programming, machine


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can learn Panda, time series programming, machine learning, data visualization feature, Eng SQL, all these are courses here, here you can learn, you can work and they also give certificates and it is very free and once you have studied Python, then you are good to go. You should keep covering topics on Python here if you have to appear in the exam directly, if you want to study in exercises then read them like for apple listThis is the topic of list, now we have come to the topic of list, it


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list, now we have come to the topic of list, it will teach you as well as make you work, here we go, how will the list be made, how will it happen, how will it happen, when you have read this, what will you do after reading, when you come to the exercise, then your topic will be over, the notebooks are made completely, right now it is loading, okay, it says complete the function below according to the doc string return the second element of the given list, the second element of any list has to


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given list, the second element of any list has to be returned, that list will come in el, the list has no second element return none, what should I write yes, what code should I write, a list will come, it may have only one element in it, it may be and if it is a mt list, then what will I do first, what should be the length of the list, if the length of the list is less than two, then it means the second element will not be found, then should I return none else, what should I return yes, I will


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none else, what should I return yes, I will return the second element, that is what I have said, what will be the second element, index and now what q chuck itself its test case It will be written and it will run it, let's run it, if you run it from here, it will tell you whether you did right or wrong, the two comments you have written below, it will tell you, if you run it after removing the hash, it will give you a hint, if you want to see the complete solution, then after removing the hash,


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complete solution, then after removing the hash, it will show you the solution as well, is it correct, no error has come, what is it saying, correct, so in this way you proceed further, it is practice, but anyway you people don't have time, what will you do so much, search whose Kaggle like this, okay, it is right, just keep it till here


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Well look, when we connect, we connect it horizontally and vertically on the axis. Right connect it. If we had two data frames, so how were we connecting them? Either we connect them in such a way that this one has five columns and then this one has five columns, so how many columns does the new data frame have, 10 columns? Or we connect it in such a way that this one has five columns, this one has five columns, but there were 10 records in this one, 10 records in this one, the total number of


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one, 10 records in this one, the total number of records would be 20. But how do we look at merge? Any idea? See merge means mingling, data gets merged inside each other. Now what happens is that here we combine condition-based data. I will explain it to you by taking a simple example, because if you understand the concept clearly, then all the issues will be resolved. Like, I have some data, there is an organization, right? There is an ABC company. Right, this data of ABC company, this data of


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Right, this data of ABC company, this data of Acher, who has all the information of the company, all means every information of the Apple is with them, who has every imitation, similarly there is a data of this company, let's say this data is of the sales department, of the same company, now whatever data is running in the sales department, what all things are coming in it, the ID of some Apple, understand Apple ID is coming, it is the name of Apple, its designation, and its sales, date wise or


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its designation, and its sales, date wise or month wise, its sales and how much commission it got, this data will be with this department, yes, this department will have this data, and there is another department of the same company which we call the Accounts and Finance Department, what is its work, it calculates all the other things, yes, it deposits money, it also has that data of Accounts and Finance, there will be employee ID, employee name and his How much is his salary? Okay, how much is


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and his How much is his salary? Okay, how much is his salary and what will happen? How much loan has he taken and what will happen? If he gets the loan, how much of his provident fund has been deposited, is it okay like that?This is all the data that it has, now this is what it has and what will the data of the etcher have, he will also have an ID, a name, yes he will also have his age, his department, his designation, okay and what will be his salary, how much salary he took annually, okay and


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how much salary he took annually, okay and there will be contact, okay, his dependents of family members will have all these things for medical and medical issues, okay now what do I want to do, now let's do it a little more closely, sit down brother quickly, now this sales department, sales department, listen, now what do I want to do, I want to run a query one by one, okay, I don't know about which department I want to know, brother, let me write the query first, I want to know or did someone


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the query first, I want to know or did someone ask me for this data, brother, what is the age of those people working in the sales department, those people working in the sales department, whose age is more than 50 years, okay and yes, how many are their dependents Now tell me in which table will I get this information in family, from where am I getting all this information because I am getting age here, dependents are also available here, okay, and department is also available here, okay,


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and department is also available here, okay, okay, if I add one more thing inside this that brother, how many dependents does he have, and how much sales did he make annually last year, and what is his commission, okay, let me write one more query, now this is one query, okay, all employees get commission more than 5, okay, 500, how many leaves do they have, and what is their contact number, all this information is needed, now tell me where is this information, first see, half the information


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this information, first see, half the information is in HR, half the information is in sales department, where is the half information, commission is with the sales people, and who has the leave and contact, HR has it, I will add one more thing inside this, how much is their provident fund, where is that hat a finance has a thing coming up now what is going to happen now the data is just for me to get up and goI have put the data of sales, I have put the data of Fas ahead, I don't want to do


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put the data of Fas ahead, I don't want to do this, I don't want all the records, I don't want all the columns of sales, I don't want all the columns from within account finance, rather what I will do is I will say that brother whose age is more than 50, okay, that means what do you do on the column of age, filter it, now what happens is how do you go to the other column, those who have read a little data base will know how to go to the other column, look here there is an ID, okay, there is a


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look here there is an ID, okay, there is a unique column, what is a unique column, the value in it cannot be of any other person, like roll number, GR number, employee ID, patient ID, these are of two people, whenever you search this record with this ID, then the record of only one person will come, if I enter the CNIC number and instead of my CIC, two people are coming, okay, sometimes it was happening, they have eliminated it, it was such that two Sanaati cards have been issued to you, such a


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two Sanaati cards have been issued to you, such a column, what do we call it in the database, it is primary What do you say? What do you say? The name of the column is called a key. So, it is called a primary key, with the help of which any record is uniquely identified. What is the definition of a primary key? It will not provide unique identification. If a record of two or three people is coming, then that column cannot be a primary key. The name can be the primary key. No, the names of the


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name can be the primary key. No, the names of the people get repeated. Similarly, the contact number can be there. Yes, in today's era, whatever action has been taken with us in the last four-five years, after that, what have the contact numbers also become? One person cannot have a contact number of one person. Similarly, the email ID can be there. It is definitely possible. Many times, we have data in which we are not able to find any primary key. There is no such column. The people who come


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key. There is no such column. The people who come later also have to work. If there is no such column with the help of which I can do unique identification, like if I do not have a column for Apple ID in four, then is there any such column? The column was Contact, let's say there is no contact, if there is no contact thenDo I need to give unique identification to the record? Those are the rules of the database. Have you read AF 2 AF 3 AF? Don't read them son. Well, for now our problem will be


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read them son. Well, for now our problem will be solved here. So, if it is not there, then what will we do by merging any two columns? We will make a secondary key of the primary key. That will not be called primary. Well, now that primary key is the data of that company only. Here, the sales department which is working is an app of this company or not. So this is the data of all the apps and this is only the data of the sales and this is only the data of the accounts and finance app. So, the


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the data of the accounts and finance app. So, the same primary key which you will see in any other column, we call it foreign key. What do we call it? Foreign key is not the Urdu word foreign. One who runs away from the country and goes to a foreign country is a foreigner. If any column which gives unique identification to your data is called foreign key. Foreign key, which one is foreign? This one is fun E I. Let's see whatever it is. Foreign key, okay. Are you understanding the point? So now


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okay. Are you understanding the point? So now we What will we do now we are going in the same way see now we will put joints inside the merge okay what will we do we will do joints good joints whoever reads this data base does not know doomsday goes through reading joints okay and says do not know what is the problem okay so this time we will read joins inshallah so like we are reading for the last time a lot yes yes look this df025 is telling merge panda brother merge whom merge data frame


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merge panda brother merge whom merge data frame zero with data frame one data frame zero with data frame one okay if you want to merge then insert basi la and hit it no look what are the other parameters inside it first of all it is saying brother do we want to do left merge or right merge we will read later how to do inner merge or outer merge we will read later on first of all let's read that brother if I merge then on which side should I merge okay brother if I am going to combine these two


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okay brother if I am going to combine these two data frames then what is common what should I see let's merge both the r so after seeing what merge Should I do it brother, should I become blind on one side, there must be some criteria on one side, should I wear salwar and get infected on the other side, there must be some criteria on whom should I get infected, okay so now I look at this herebut salesman id salesman name salesman city product id manager and what is there here also salesman id


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manager and what is there here also salesman id salesman name salesman city product id manager and xris if I just tell him brother merge what do I say merge then he will merge on anyone of his own will listen to me because to merge all the columns what are the columns what are the overlapping columns what are they called so what am I going to do I am going to tell him do one thing friend you do on on on which merge on salesman id that is in d ave understand the thing if the salesman id is one


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understand the thing if the salesman id is one it will pick up the id number one from def zero in front of the id and put both the records face to face see what he is doing I said on sorry only two records came why because when I said merge d zero on top of the salesman id then it came he said okay the first id is one now it will go inside the other table it will search for the record with one it found the record with one yes it found so in front of this record I will show you by doing it first


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of this record I will show you by doing it first here and then here okay this Our records are salesman id, salesman name, if this index is running then I would remove it and bring it under salesman city, okay then I would bring product id under product id, I will pick it up from here or it will come from excel in a proper way, there is no hurry, we will understand in a simple way, what was the name, its test, okay, sheet one, this is our salesman id, it will come from here in a proper way, okay


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id, it will come from here in a proper way, okay and this data frame is gone, now what do we have to do, brother, we have to merge these two, that is, we have to merge, but on which do we have to merge, we have to merge on the column of salesman id, okay, we have to merge on this column, so brother, first of all this salesman id one, it saw one, here is one, so what will it do, the column on which we merge, the overlapping column, okay, that comes once, all the other columns are eight, so now


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once, all the other columns are eight, so now what is our first record, look, I will take it from here, these are our columns, salesman id, salesman name and from here also which columns are salesman id Please understand the sales name. The column of salesman ID will not appear twice because the merge will happen on this.If it is coming once then all the other columns will be placed before it. Now this first record will be picked up from Y. You will not get a clearer picture than this. We have


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will not get a clearer picture than this. We have merged it here. Y will pick up the record from here. Okay, and I have put this Y. Okay, the ID one has been merged. Common type common. Whose overlapping record will be seen? Salesman ID's record is okay. Now I have come and somewhere one is there brother. No one is there. Come down. Thu, I have searched but did not find it. Four hours are there. I picked up the record with four. And from here Y rick is there and someone else. 5 67 no one is


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Y rick is there and someone else. 5 67 no one is there. When I merged on the salesman ID, I got two overlapping IDs and I took out those records. Okay, I understand, you see, this is the record you are seeing here like this. Now in a data frame the names of two columns are the same. In a data frame the names of two columns cannot be the same. So then how is it happening here brother? Salesman Name Salesman Name Salesman City Salesman City Product ID Product ID Manager Manager I did not have


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ID Product ID Manager Manager I did not have experience. So that is why what did Panda do? did I put prefixes and suffixes in front of it, that means I added something in front of their names c so that the names of the columns are not the same c what did I do x one each and what did I put y y y did I understand so now see it is not concatenating but by filtering from in between, what is that record doing, it is adding it in front of it now I say go and bring the dependencies of the salesman, so


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go and bring the dependencies of the salesman, so which salesman who has this filter, from the records of the salesman only, it will bring the records of those people in front of them and join them and show us, did you understand how the work is being done yes, if anyone did not understand then ask yes, yes exactly what do you say let me go ahead, if I do not call it on, even then it does it on which one, now remember small things even then it does it on which one, why if I do not tell him then


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it on which one, why if I do not tell him then he will go to both the tables in both the data frames and see which column's name is overlapping, will see which column's name is the same, he will merge on that, but because here all the columns are common What were all the columns in both the data frames? They were common columns. So on which one will it do the first overlapping it will find?It will do it on that only if there is a tie between two that here the names of both these columns are


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two that here the names of both these columns are common with this, then on which of these two should I merge, the person doing the merge has not told at all, so then what will he do, the first one which came first will be merged, if you want to get it done by someone else, then what should you do in on, mention there are two there but you merge on this one, okay like now I will get it merged on salesman name, okay but before getting it merged on salesman name, we do the merge verbally so that


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salesman name, we do the merge verbally so that we know what will come out, right, see on which I am merging, I am on the column of name in sales, so which will be my first column, brother, salesman name, I am merging on this, what else will come from here, brother, I will remove it from here, okay, sales and from here all these columns will come, salesman name, salesman name does not come because that was created first as an overlapping column, okay, rest of these will be added, you can see


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okay, rest of these will be added, you can see that, okay now who is the first salesman in sales name, Asad, someone else, Asad Nazar It is coming here, okay, so it picked it up, it quickly found Asad, it marked it as As, then later changed it, okay and from here it picked up the record of Asad, it looked okay, then which Asad, and two more are coming brother, then what will it do, it will again run the whole loop with this, it will run the whole loop with this and this will happen, okay, after


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loop with this and this will happen, okay, after that Sumer is nowhere, after that Farjad is not there, Hasan is not there, Nasir is not there, Kashif is not there, Sana Fatima is not there, Abdullah is not there, so only these three records will come, check in the merge of our salesman name, now what do we do, here padi dot merge merch d0 vd av on on what sales man name, okay, the same records which have been mapped are coming to us, are you understanding, okay, brother, if I merge it with


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understanding, okay, brother, if I merge it with salesman city, then it will take Karachi, one record from here and one two three f how many records will come from here, there will be four records, right, four records of Karachi will come, let's check, multi means yes. Yes, I just got together and then the merging will start so first let's eat something cold, okay DF 0 DF w on Salesman City, okay, did you come brother, how many records of Karachi came first, tooth 4 came.A four yes bha how many


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came first, tooth 4 came.A four yes bha how many have come why it is ahead also here it is also here first it did four this went and brought it after mapping when its turn came this also went and brought it then when its turn came this also went its turn came this also went one two three four four y is four and how many are there aa why will it be 16 won't it brother 16 won't it brother zero two 15 okay after that came Lahore's turn Lahore has two on y and three here one one two three are here


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on y and three here one one two three are here and three are here so it becomes nine so this goes 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 okay Hyderabad 1 2 3 4 four Hyderabad and here there is natu one two four and two how many are there eight eight Hyderabad also becomes okay what ah look here brother understand look brother what have I done what happened it looks cold look brother on which I am merging but so it will go and find Karachi in its own overlapping column in Salesman City it will find Karachi in


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column in Salesman City it will find Karachi in Salesman City so brother now I am writing directly here so from here this will be the record okay This record will be picked up from now on, yes brother it has come, now we have to search for Karachi, will we check the whole thing, how many records will it get, yes it has found this one as well and this one will also be found, this one and which one will it get, these are four, which one is for Karachi number one, so this will be repeated four


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Karachi number one, so this will be repeated four times, okay done, till here it is correct, now it is Lahore's turn, no, now when I went to search for Assad's name, I found Assad twice, at that time did you not say that there should be two different Assads here as well, brother listen to me brother, D is going in the name, everything will be done, after editing it, it will be four, it will come to Lahore first, when it shows, then how many records will be there for Karachi and then after that


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will be there for Karachi and then after that Hyderabad one, Hyderabad four will be found, how many will be found and ah, okay after that it is set, so our output was showing us like this, 16 records of Karachi, Lahore's 16 to 23, 24, okay and Hyderabad's 25 to 32, and it showed their columns ahead. Now the matter has become clear, ok sir so this thing has been done, we have PD dot merge and we have told it to set 0 to defun, okay, let us see this parameter, now we have understood the thing


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this parameter, now we have understood the thing about on, right, no, it means right on, it means this is written by default, by default here, ok, now how do we come to it, how?It means how to merge now by default what kind of merging is happening, inner merge is happening, inner merge means intersection, what is intersection, the records which are inside Karachi Karachi Karachi, only those records are getting included in the result, that is, where intersection is happening, have you ever read


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intersection is happening, have you ever read about intersection, where did you read about it, I had read it in maths, we used to make sets 1 2 3 4 5 6, we have set A and set B, okay 2 468, no sir, now if I say brother what to take out, take out intersection A intersection B, then how would we take out, brother whatever was common in both, we used to take that 2 4 6 fuck 8 this was A brother A this was A, just this is nothing, okay, so the common ones would get selected, the common ones among


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ones would get selected, the common ones among both would get selected, so in the mapping, only those records which are getting mapped are clear, what do we call this, intersection ok, now what do we do, but now look here, I am taking the data set with def, okay in this Now you will understand very well what I am saying that brother D Panda merge it with D co, okay, on which column merge it, salesman name, okay, on which column merge it, now the column name is different, so now you will


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now the column name is different, so now you will understand better, yes these two columns are merging both of them, on the name, even if I don't give them, then which is the overlapping column between these two, from the name, from the name, I have an idea, no, okay, then also what will it do, it will merge on the sales name only, I ran it and even without this I see the result, so find the same result, still I am writing this so that you remember what happened now, see, what was the sales


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what happened now, see, what was the sales name, brother Asad, Asad's complete record is visible, the ID Asad Karachi To Javed Asad is here, Asad region sale and amount 00 it has come here, okay, I am understanding the point, then after that here is Somer, it is not here, Farjad, no Hasan Hasan, so Hasan's record will be placed before it. Nazam 129 okay, Hasan's rick right, which one is after that brother Kashif, the map is happening, Kashif will come, A3 okay, A3 50 and who is Sana Sana Lahore


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come, A3 okay, A3 50 and who is Sana Sana Lahore 5 Faisal 5 S from Faisal and Lahore, Fatima is not there and Abdullah Fatima's name is written here and it is also written here, but he is not coming hereoh okay I remember I did this intentionally you tell me why it is not coming, why it is not coming, it is here as well as here, this happens because whenever this is happening, the column is matching, why is it not matching, the data is not matching, no, it has said city, consider that city, no


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no, it has said city, consider that city, no this has happened here because it is written here in df3, this is okay, so basically see where is this cursor doing the billing, there is a space, what is this, a space has been put here, because of this both the names are not matching, so what do we have to do, I clicked here and removed the space and pressed enter and saved it again and what do I have to do with the data again, I understood it, okay now I am coming, but when I run the same name


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now I am coming, but when I run the same name then u c this record will come here, I understood it, good brother on, I understood the merging, now bring this normal connection, no now what do we have to do, we have to work bye bye tables, we have to work in different tables, so we All the data is not needed, rather specific records have to be brought from other tables and a new data has to be generated, so this has come to you, listen to them, listen carefully, friend, what are you selling?


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listen carefully, friend, what are you selling? Yes, listen to them, tell me brother, I will not answer, you people will answer, ask questions to everyone, just stand there, what happened brother, do not beg, ask questions brother, the question is not a question of 100, ask the same question, I have asked your question, yes, let's tell you, in one data frame, there was no column of salesman ID, there was one in it, then what question, brother, listen, no, if you do not understand something, you


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no, if you do not understand something, you should definitely ask, look we have these three, look here, now when I start merging them, I am merging on which, above the column of name in sales, that is, above this column, okay and this column of this, okay, look brother, when I am looking at this first name, Asad, coming here, it is visible here, this is the issue of projector, okay, it is visible now, it is not visible now, okay Okay now look brother, when he is going to merge, when he is going


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when he is going to merge, when he is going to merge, then brother, will he pick up the entire record, will he not pick up the entire record, will he not pick up the record, yesOr else tell me if it is at home, it will be picked up or it will be picked up from here and it will be picked up completely from here too, but the column on which you are merging, that column cannot come twice, so whether you remove it from here or remove it from there, now tell me whether the ID will come in it or not,


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tell me whether the ID will come in it or not, tell me it is clear, only the column on which merging is happening, that column will obviously come only once, rest every column will be included in the data and if their names are repeating, then it will put XVA so that there are different and any other question in it, no, you cannot find it out, you will not be able to guess from here because there were 10 records right now, we actually have 10 thousand records and then if there is a spelling


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thousand records and then if there is a spelling issue, space issue, then that is not your concern, the one who fed the data should know, even then you come to know that this issue is not happening with this, then I have taught you, sit here and change the value, friend, access the value, enter the column number, go there and put the correct name in place of name. No, this is not an issue, no, I am saying that if you go to correct it, then you can do it, you feel that it is a capital issue, it


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do it, you feel that it is a capital issue, it is a small letter issue, so you can put it in pre-processing as per your wish, okay, I am understanding it, but now here, if someone has written Hasan with double s, someone has written it with single s, then you cannot do it, friend, are these two the same Hasan or two different ones, you can go and correct it and merge it, it does not seem like it is written in small letters, you have written it in capital, so I am understanding it, friend, I can


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capital, so I am understanding it, friend, I can do this, okay, you have written ME R, or it is written AR, now you don't have to sit and know that both are not the same brother, okay, so if you go to correct it, you can go and put it in query and ask, otherwise go and access any other data of it, access the ID number and see if it is coming, it is not coming, then go and correct it, okay, but that problem that you will have to bear, the thing is fixed, okay, now see brother, now merge the name


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fixed, okay, now see brother, now merge the name in on sales We did it. We saw it and now we understand how we bring the columns of another data table in front of its columns and why not in front of the required data.I added all of them in front of everyone. Now, here I say padi dot merge da 0df 2 but even if I don't tell you, it will be done on that only. There is only one column which is overlapping. Now I have started doing some more work here and what is that work? That work is brother left


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and what is that work? That work is brother left merge. What does left merge mean? The data frame which is written first is on the left and the one which is written second is on the right. Now let's come here. Now what do we do? So both our data frames are done on the left and right. Now I have told you what is inner merge. Only that data which is matching will be selected. It is similar to what is called intersection. Secondly, we have what is outer merge. Outer merge is outer merge and what


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outer merge. Outer merge is outer merge and what is union. What is union inside it? Brother, if we have one set N S N and another set is present and what is set tooth f 5 S 8, okay and if someone tells us that brother what will be A union B, then union What happens brother, the records of both will be completely included, only the repeated ones will come once, that is, after one, after u, after th, after four, after f si, then 8, then na, 104, that is, every record will be there, exactly for


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that is, every record will be there, exactly for this and that, but there is a problem which is not visible here, what is the problem, that problem is this, let's discuss that problem, look, I run how here, what do I write in outer how, written in outer how, what am I doing to d2, I am doing outer merge, see here also we have done inner merge, so def zero's sales id, sen name, sen city, product id manager, all the entire columns came, 0's, whose columns came after that, d2's, now the problem is


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columns came after that, d2's, now the problem is that when I go to do outer merge, all of them will come, but there will be missing values ​​at some places, why are there missing values, see, there is missing value, there is missing value, what happened, this missing value, why is this now understand this here, we will come back and do our work one by one, look brother, this We have it like this, yes, I am doing outer merge, now the mapping that is happening in outer merge will come, so please


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is happening in outer merge will come, so please understand the first record brother, first all its columns will come, yes and no will come brother.These columns are done, see, they have come in the new data frame and all of its columns will also come but the column of name will come only once, so I will remove it, I am not in a hurry, it is a matter of understanding slowly, it is done, now see, when I am going to merge, what is the first name, Asad, Asad is present, okay brother, we picked


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Asad, Asad is present, okay brother, we picked Asad, from here, this has come, Asad here, okay and from here this record of Asad has come, oh no, okay, Asad is there again, isn't it, Sumer, Sumer is not there, it is not there, but it will come, why won't it because I am doing union, Sumer has come, now when it has come, what will come here, brother As, Sumer is not there at all, Sumer's record is not there in that table at all, now what will come here, brother A, the values ​​that are not


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come here, brother A, the values ​​that are not there, what will come here, brother A, did you understand, in the same way, Farjat's record will also not be found, A, so wherever it will be, there is no need to complete it, did you understand, so let's see, now this will be understood, see, the record of Sumer was not found, N N, the record of Farjad was not found, N A, okay, its record is not here The record of this was found, but it was not found. Now this matter is complete. Listen brother


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Now this matter is complete. Listen brother this is complete. The people here are also not there, so the people here will not be included. When they will be included here, then the people here have their records, so the A will start filling here. Look brother, they have come here. The people here have records, they do not have those records, but both will be included. And both said, okay, all of you come to me. In place of those which are not with you, I will put A. Those which are not with


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with you, I will put A. Those which are not with you, you put N in place of them and complete the picture. Fill it up. I said, this is called union. Union, okay? Only those records which were being mapped in the intersection were coming and in the union, both of them were coming. And what did both of them decide? Those which are not with me, you put NN in place of your data. And those which are not with you, those which are not with me, we will put Ann in place of yours. How can we fill it?


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put Ann in place of yours. How can we fill it? When we bring in a lot of source data, there will be missing values, then you will have to use that technique, inner and outer. Okay, I understood the point, inner merge and outer mergeIf there is any question inside this, yes now now we have PD dot merge D A0 command A2 and what all is there now we have left on and right on left on and right on, that means it says brother what to do left on and right on what is there in this two data frames are


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on what is there in this two data frames are written we do not have any column overlapping now how will we do any column overlapping, yes on whose basis will we lay it, in such a situation if there are two data frames, two tables in which the name of any column is same then merging cannot happen, there is a situation, the name may not be same but the values ​​are same written here, employee name is written there only name but it is not employee it is written here, apple id is written there only


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is written here, apple id is written there only id, now in such a situation the names of the columns are not overlapping but it is known what is the id, what has been done to it, what is the id written, we tell ourselves, this is the column from the cell with quota, both are fine when will it be, the name of the column may not be coming common every time you do not get access to the database every time you have it There is no access to the database and you go into the database and change it,


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and you go into the database and change it, you change the entire column that is created behind, use the column names, what will happen to them in your queries, if you come out then pu catch, okay, I understood the point of left on, right on, okay we have done it here, inside how, what did we just see, inner and outer, inside it there are two more, left and right, one is left right written above, that left right means that there are two left table and right table, right, left p this is a table,


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and right table, right, left p this is a table, right p this is a table, right this which is in how, apart from inner outer there are two more possibilities, ch is none as left and right inner merge outer merge left merge right merge, it is very easy, it is very easy, just keep it in your mind with a trick, just what do we do here, I will show you here what are the possibilities in how, left right outer and inner and cross join is also okay, left right, now quickly tell me, what was the inner


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right, now quickly tell me, what was the inner doing, the inner was saying that only those who are in both will come, what was the outer saying, those who are not with you will also come to me All those which are not there will come, what does the left say, all my records will come, that is, if I have any record, then it will definitely come, that is, when I mapI am saying A, I have you, A, come on bring it, understand the matter, I have B, I don't have B, no problem, I will keep B, what will I


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have B, no problem, I will keep B, what will I put in your place, I have C, you have yes, okay, bring it, I have D, you have yes, bring it, now I have D, the matter is over, you are saying, do I also have A, I go, do I have the left jan, which jan is left jan, I will have it, people will come, whether you have it or not, as per your wish, the left will maintain all the records of the left, and if he does not have the right, then what will he keep for their jag, oh no, the outer one has gone


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keep for their jag, oh no, the outer one has gone crazy, take it and in the outer, so the son, the common ones in both were coming, in the inner and the outer, so both of them did not have the bass, so I put A, there was no bass in that, so I will put A, now I am saying no, I will not put it, you have it, otherwise I will not put A, yes, I have it, you do not have it, you put A there, one minute, one minute, yes, then this is the left march and if I write it here, What is right B? So whose will


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I write it here, What is right B? So whose will go on, the one on the right will go with the right and the left has an exit, what is the difficulty in this, left, right, inner, outer. It is not necessary to remember how it works and what does it do. The amazing thing is that when you get a question, at that time you will put it in the L now, you will put it at 9 o'clock. Will there be any B till 9 in the evening also? So at that time it has to be decided or I have to gr, this has to be taken


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be decided or I have to gr, this has to be taken out. It will be done a little. You people will tell which join should be put. Yes, no, it will remain one only. The left and the other two will become right. Two, one will go to this, then this will go first. Actually, internally it does this, first it will do these two, then whatever result comes, it will be done with the third one. And you might be thinking that it's done in one go, okay, let's just keep it like this.


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If there is any issue then let me know, good, I will tell you, Audi student is connected with me, try not to connect on the mobile, it is not visible, okay, let's go, we have put it on record, in the last class we had studied this, what are variables etc. legal and illegal, I had to share one thing as an exercise and I had also said it, then I forgot, there is complete silence in you guys group, like today there is silence on the roads, why is it so, neither is anyone asking any question, nor is


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so, neither is anyone asking any question, nor is anyone facing any issue in reading, you will have to do it yourself, someone should stand up tall, yes, no one is tall, look, if someone's hand is going, then just do it, ok, we had studied the operators plus minus multiply divide module operator just like that, okay, today we start ahead, class I keep doing it in one so that only one file remains, ok also operator MBT or this is what we call solving expression, when many operators evolve in a


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expression, when many operators evolve in a mathematical expression, then which one gets solved first, right, so I will start from here We have some Uri operators. What are Uri operators which have only one value? In a binary operator, two values ​​are required. In this way, Uri negation, there is a minus somewhere. Binary subx, binary multiplication, binary division, binary model, why are you saying binary? In this, at least two operators are required. Binary floor division, integer division,


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Binary floor division, integer division, binary expansion, plus minus, multiply, divide. We all know what is written here. Everyone has taught us [Music] Every number is a complex. A complex is two parts. A number always has two parts, a real part and an imaginary part. That means, if I am writing a number here and I write a number here, I wrote 13. What kind of a number is this? It is a real number. An imaginary number. Real number. Well, what is the concept of an imaginary number? This is not


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the concept of an imaginary number? This is not our topic. We are talking about what is an imaginary number whose value we don't know. If it is a number, its value will be on its own. Yes, I remember, no. Come, let me tell you this now. Every number we have is an imaginary number, meaning a number which is not actually a numberIt is a combination of a real number and an imaginary number. Actually, this was created later on by coming together at one place. And if you remember, we are asked to


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one place. And if you remember, we are asked to find the square root of 16, what value do we get? We get the value of 4. But in case, instead of 16, we get -16. Then what answer do we get? Okay, then what answer do we have? Then if we calculate this on the calculator, the calculation here fails. The calculation here fails. If you try it, where is the root visible here? I took this value and inside this, I am showing some number of Liliya minus, zero minus. It is coming inside this. The root


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zero minus. It is coming inside this. The root alone is visible. I don't know, friend, check it on your calculator. The Azan is about to happen now. The Hala Salam has happened. The Azan has happened. Yes, let's go for Namaz. I thought maybe there would be an an voice now. I heard it. I thought we should recite its Salato Salam, maybe before the Azan, after that there would be an an. The recording of Dil Ke Stop. I am doing this by coming back or ok sir so the minus 16 cannot be carried forward


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ok sir so the minus 16 cannot be carried forward so that's why it is dealt with a little bit that the minus 16 is written as y i.e. it is 16 and then it is called y now it can also be written like this -1 multiplied it doesn't matter on both so this thing which is under √ -1 or what is it equal to io means we call it this imaginary part 16 and then we resolve it further so the answer of minus is how much is it f io right so now y four io which is written with it means that there is an inner


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is written with it means that there is an inner part of the imaginary part number ok we come back here we go directly and solve it from which we will also learn a little and here it is written let's see now it is written in python statement x assignment of r plus operator plus f minus b what are a and b what are a and b are operators terms are operant Operator is okay, operator is the sign, operator on which sign is being applied and operator and a p b minus a p 5 what is it called, group


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and a p b minus a p 5 what is it called, group expression statement equation expression or equation is called when it has equalThere will be a sign of two, right? So, let's check its answer. Our answer is correct. Let's go to the next step. What will be the answer? Right now, fo is wrong. 4 p0 plotting division is okay. 4 p0 f will not come. If we write f, it will be wrong. Remember, single division, double division. Use equal operator, object of type flutter equal. Okay, we have not read this


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type flutter equal. Okay, we have not read this yet. Evaluator, but don't do this right now. I will tell you later. What are you saying? Yes, this also. Let's read something in this. I have not understood what you are saying. Let's do a little discussion here. Inside x, there is 10.0 and x lesson 100 and i instance x false. What does it mean? We will read it in detail. But since this has come, let's excel a little. What will happen? It will happen. If it is completed and e, the offer will


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happen. If it is completed and e, the offer will become true. Okay, let's go to the next step. Let's hear the following r truth tr [music] and f or if there is any value, what does it mean? If there is any e and false, then this has just come. So we are passing the time quickly, we will not get troubled, this this and this and there is no one else, are we okay, let's do one thing, we will come to this at the end of the class so that we can cover all the things that are coming which we have not


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all the things that are coming which we have not covered yet, we will go here now, okay I have prepared questions but I have prepared all those in your exam, so because of this I am saying, what is this, which operator is used to calculate the reminder of the division model, okay but the result of the expression this 4th lesson f 5th lesson is in the middle and operator both are true, then what happened, it became true then after that what will come out the following code, what will be its


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come out the following code, what will be its answer, yes I have taken the power of 20th, what is the power of th, 27 what is this, it is true, okay before this we will study the comparison operators here, comparison, what are the various comparison operators, first of all we have equal to operator, which equal to single equal It is not two, when we have to write equal then we write double equal, okay and then we have not equal to which not equal to this, we have not equal to and then we have


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to this, we have not equal to and then we have greater than, okay, greater than and then less than then greater than is two and less than is equal to two and thisho comp and we have an operator in operator is an operator and we have also seen and we have also seen and we have not get so not operator is also okay so here we have some operators which we are seeing here okay does anyone have any problem in evaluating them right, what is greater than what is lesson what is lesson equal to greater


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what is lesson what is lesson equal to greater it is common and now we have done what is not, not reverses it just now in and not I will tell you what does not do to it exactly not true what will be the answer false whatever it will be what will it reverse it what is in operator like in operator goes inside a collection of values ​​and searches whether it is in it or not like if I write here or I have written P in Pakistan is in Pakistan it is not because it is in capital we are searching in


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not because it is in capital we are searching in small okay okay what is it is exactly so this is from any collection I am using the word collection I am not using empty string because in future we will read are and many other things it finds and brings it directly from any collection Whether it exists or not if it exists then true or false okay so equal to not equal to not this is the comparison operator we get here now what is it saying to us what happened I just logged in brother what is it


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what happened I just logged in brother what is it saying to us 10 equals 10 what will be the answer to this true and what will this do to it false right are you understanding this thing similarly which operator do we use for floor division single or double yes single double floor floor division see there is an integer division and there is a floor division in plot there is single and in integer so which division are we talking about floor division yes first let's understand this word floor we


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yes first let's understand this word floor we have two methods let me check here let's go zigzag today but no problem let's have a module of maths I imported it I wrote on this what did I write math dot floor here I wrote a value here 12 pas what will be the answer to this 12 then I wrote here math dot seal two these both are equal to each other Let's go together pair menlo math dot seal here I wrote 12.6 what is thiswill go to 13 okay if I make it 12.9 it will still be 12 if I make it 12001 it


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it 12.9 it will still be 12 if I make it 12001 it will still be 13 what does this floor do listen what does this floor do it starts moving behind this number and converts the first integer it gets so if it starts moving behind 12.9 then what will be the first integer you get 12 and it starts moving ahead and converts the first integer it gets so what do you get 13 now tell me I am saying 12 divided by f which division is this yes okay which division is this this integer but what is being


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division is this this integer but what is being applied on this the floor is being applied what is being applied so now do you understand the connection if we have this double okay so combine float and floor and make one the floor is doing the work of an integer it is taking it behind and doing it there okay that's why I demonstrated it so that It should get ingrained in the mind so that one doesn't have to learn it by rote ok sir modus for one is okay 4 to 8 one is a reminder correct what is


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is okay 4 to 8 one is a reminder correct what is this yes what will be the answer 3 not equal to 3 5 greater than 4 everyone is saying true who is the true one and the false ones the rest are the false ones and no one is saying anything understand understand what is from here to here and what is from here to here true what is placed in the middle and how many true are needed one true is needed and who needs one true then this is done if it's done then it's done so then this is fine you


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it's done then it's done so then this is fine you understood the point ok sir what is the output of the following code is flutter division if it is integer then what will happen brother it will become three what is this 3 < 2 put not then what will happen next it will become true which operator you perform logical and operation c just now we had applied and we had applied c in operator symbol sill if in Python now at pure Python level we write end we don't use symbols properly yes Python is


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end we don't use symbols properly yes Python is completely case sensitive, it will not work, what is this, why is it one, why does it happen, do you know, if the power of something becomes zero then it becomes equal to one, I have never thought about it, I don't have time right now, otherwise I would have just talked about this as well, okay then it became one, so yes, what is it saying is true and this is also true, don't be in a hurry in speaking, it's okay, don't be in a hurry thatOr do it,


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it's okay, don't be in a hurry thatOr do it, first look carefully, somewhere a small test also happens with us, the logical and and operator c, what is it saying, 5 not equal to 5 and 6 greater equals 6 greater, this will return true, 6 greater than equal to 6 is right, okay, we are not even going to bit wise, the later topic is left shift, right shift, what is it saying, 6 greater than 5 and from this lesson, tell me what will happen brother, what is the result of this expression, don't try


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what is the result of this expression, don't try running it, see in the system, this is how it has to be told 40, what will be executed first, operator presidency, the first presidency is of brackets, before that there is a presidency of power, what happens before that, power, so brackets and then after that multiply divide, okay, what are the advantages, so multiply divide, then plus minus, so now our power is not there, first the bracket will be solved, first how many brackets are solved, aa


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be solved, first how many brackets are solved, aa will be solved, now aa will first fight with 10 or with both What happens is equal to multiply and divide, so if I want to multiply here or divide here, there is no issue, then AA and how much will it become 80 and if I take AA here first and divide it by 8 then how much will it become 4 4 ​​m 10 how much will it become 40 and how much will 80 di 40 okay yes left to right left to right okay now this is what I should have done here, will 40 come


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is what I should have done here, will 40 come or 40.0 come, will it come if it is integer division, right, then what will come 40 always remember even if integer division is applied but if one value has become what, one value has become float, then the answer will not come in integer no matter what you do like this here I do divide by 3 now how much will come 4.0 12 double divided by f how much will come in integer but if it becomes 12 p0 now what is this one fruit and there is an inch and in


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is this one fruit and there is an inch and in the middle it is saying do not apply the inch then which This is the matter further floats it of the following expression ji 10 I do not think it is confirmed that 10 is how much will come, will it come 4 point or will it come four point and what will come here 6 so 6 and 4.0 10 or 10.0 isn't it 10.0 he has given the option, no problem yes 8 diva is batu, so it becomes four, four and this became six, he might have given it wrong, something might


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he might have given it wrong, something might have happened, sometimes mistakes also happen, come on brother, what is thiswhat will be solved first power of 3 to power 2 na na and * 2 18 + 5 23 are you telling 25 or check properly friend we are not doing something wrong let's what is the result of this expression twist 10 gr 5 5 < 2 false 10 is bigger than five na and f is smaller than t so it is correct na f is bigger than two so then what happened false no operator is coming in this no


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happened false no operator is coming in this no operator is coming in this so then what will happen yes we will go right what will come in the result left to right a good person is going right but if you show him a different option then it turns around now then there can be an error also earlier everything was right true or false like error can go wrong comparison operator are ted left to right so 10 this false yes what will come was multiply by hello error which option is there is an error the


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hello error which option is there is an error the answer of the error ones is wrong three times will make it three times okay what is it saying minus f minus ka to yes confirm by the way what happened minus 3 by running the minus that why did it become minus by the way yes brother why did it become minus 3 come on we will have to study division also see when we are dividing when we are dividing then I remember when we used to study that we have to divide then a statement was said okay a


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have to divide then a statement was said okay a statement was said and that statement was that we have to read the table so many times that we get 13 or what will become smaller than 1 we kept on studying from s so what did we take on y okay now come to our question what is our question saying what do we have minus f we have to divide it by u now by what should I multiply t so that it becomes smaller than minus f or minus f comes see if you say this sentence then you will reach what will be


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this sentence then you will reach what will be smaller than y minus s the bigger the number in minus the smaller it becomes so what is smaller than minus f minus s so multiply t so many times that it becomes smaller than f or If it comes equal then what did we divide u by minus 3, so this becomes minus si and then finally what is left here, na and then you applied decimal here and increased the zero, but because of floor division, that decimal got discarded and what did we see was only minus, I


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discarded and what did we see was only minus, I understood that there were big tricks for division alsoNo, we had memorized it, which one, brother, now what we have here is written, like what would happen, we have to divide 20 by pho, not we used to say we have to divide 60 by pho, let's make it 50, I don't know if something like this would have happened, what would we have said, 4 and 4 are left, how much is one, then what do we have, we put a point on y, we increased the zero, then what would


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on y, we increased the zero, then what would we have done, yes the point will not come now, 4 to a, how many are left, two, now what should we do brother, yes put a point and increase the zero by y, okay, how much would 4fo become, we would have 12fo, okay, now like I have here, pho and here, pho, now what should I do, pho, now tell me what should I do, this zero came down, it will go from y, a, who will take it up, then it will go on pho, so why didn't it go from y, so brother, this brother


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why didn't it go from y, so brother, this brother does not go up on its own, or the same sentence works, by what should I multiply pho to get zero or it becomes smaller than zero So if I multiply by zero, zero will come out as zero. It did not go up. It did not go up. I was teaching the child and he got stuck. He sent the three left over. When zero can go up, three can also go up. It is true. When zero can go up, why is three not going up? Why is one not going up? It was logical. Absolutely


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is one not going up? It was logical. Absolutely good. Let's see further. You understood this, right? Why have we done this? Oho, okay brother. That is why I am getting you to practice and solving it so that you can practice. It is also the right question to write the code. What answer do we get? What will be solved first? The bracket got solved, so how much did it become? Here comes four. Then the power got solved. What happened? 4 4 m 4 how much did it become? 16 8 m 3 how much did it become?


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did it become? 16 8 m 3 how much did it become? So t and 16 how much did it become? 18 is there any division, right? 18. Let's see. 18 is saying that this is our calculation, brother. Let's check it, friend. 18 was coming just now. You were coming right now. Yes, first the power. It gets solved but here, the power was with it nor was there a bucket, so if at this time the presence of both seemed the same, then there was no such issue, but if instead of T, there was bracket power T's power u


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instead of T, there was bracket power T's power u plus two in the bracket, then what would be solved first, the power of T stick stick u plus two power first with the bucket, then the power will come, yes this whole cycleIt is all about this, the whole affair is that if I talk about something simple, here I have written 12 plus 30, okay, diva ba 5, now if I do this first, it will become 42 div 5, it is like that, but the answer to this will be 30 div 5 and then 30 p, yes, if I put it in the


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30 div 5 and then 30 p, yes, if I put it in the bracket, then it will come here, 8 p something 8.4, okay, so it is important to know that the bracket, this is it, you have selected it and shift it to both the places, both will be applied together, if you understand, then it is a matter of precedence, the answer can be wrong, if you go in the wrong direction, okay, what did he give, come to this, do not hurry, do it comfortably, what will be solved first, let's go in the bracket, five is done,


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first, let's go in the bracket, five is done, now what will happen from here, power, how much will it be here, 4, so 5 mlp 4 diva by 4 5 p, applied this time, how many people did not understand anything, how much will it be from here I went from here, how much did it become when I went from here, what will it give us? Multiply by 4 divided by and what will come in its place. So now what will happen in the next step? And we will have this multiply divided by 4, how much will 1.0 become then 5 *


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divided by 4, how much will 1.0 become then 5 * 1.0, how much will 5 become? Yes, that's right, from where, come here. You are saying what should I do first, 4 div ba 4, okay, this is it, right? Now what should I do, go from left to right, how much will 20 div ba 4 become? So what is the president of multiply divide, so there is no problem, first multiply or first divide, it will be the same. Come on, yes it is x5, it is saying if this is a little bit of a combined equation, but I will explain


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bit of a combined equation, but I will explain it for you, it is saying that if x becomes smaller than 10, then do this work, otherwise do this work. Now tell me which work will be done, the other work will be 5 div ba 2, so how much will the answer be? It is saying if the value of x If it is smaller than 10, then do this work or else do this work, it is smaller than 10, then which one will work, this one will do, so what kind of division is it, this is float division, okay, then 2 p f will


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it, this is float division, okay, then 2 p f will come, right? Listen, if x is smaller than 10, then do this work, yes brother it is smaller than 10, then this work will be done, don't get fooled by my words, I am explaining, I am asking you, now tell me, if x is smaller than 10 thenDo this or else do this, then which work will be done? The first work will be done, right? [Sangeet] What is the value of one? If pa is smaller than 10, then do this. Now tell me, if pa is smaller than 10, pa is


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Now tell me, if pa is smaller than 10, pa is smaller than 10. By the way, a strange counting system is going on in our country, everybody knows this. So if pa is smaller than 10, then do this. If pa is smaller than pa, then this will work. And if it doesn't, then this will come. Okay, so what answer are you giving? Thankfully, now we should have checked. Ours is also not coming. Yes, their question is absolutely valid. This thing is correct. [Sangeet] Will it work or will it not work? If


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[Sangeet] Will it work or will it not work? If Hamza's age is greater than Hamza's age, then what can I do now? I don't know, so that it ends in your mind. Here I say x input please enter a value for x. Okay, and after that I wrote this expression here. Now tell me what is the answer? Tell me how. Now I can't tell you. Now I will activate it and I will put the value of x on y 23 you tell me what will come out 20 what will happen if I don't type it okay now I put y 30 now this has come now now I


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okay now I put y 30 now this has come now now I had put y so now this answer has come okay so now that by condition is running so at that time I understand what I am saying when we have the value already decided then you will feel that I am talking uselessly so wasting time but when the value will be as expected then your expression will work there bool zero false okay zero is false and true is one what does the expression length of python return what is the length of python six length is f si


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what is the length of python six length is f si ch bhaiya ch pi y then came this was the second one if x is less than 10 then let it remain one otherwise if you halve it then what will remain will remain the same f ff ka f t i the expression minimum 4 minus 2 71 mite ok round it down to 2.56 4 in two digits, in two decimals 2.56 or 2.57 56 or 57 ok look, you were saying 2.56, I confused you with 57, okay, it will be 57, yes, here if it would have been a bigger number, it would have been 5 or 6,


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been a bigger number, it would have been 5 or 6, then what would the san do, it would have taken it forward by one, yes, okay, the absolute value of mine, in absolute, the sign ends, right, it will become 5.5, if x is not equal to five, then do this, otherwise do thisSo it is done, now it has become easy to do the expression, right? Okay, so in this we have seen many of our operators and all the things, I will also give you this link inside the group, so you can go through it again, okay, there


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so you can go through it again, okay, there are some more things which were not there in it, we will see them here, see, just a while ago I had talked about what we have, what would have happened, now here I am writing 12 and 20, what would the answers come, there is no comparison expression to evaluate here, okay, there is no comparison expression, it is like that, but if that comparison operation would have been an expression, then what would be its result, true or false, if any comparison


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be its result, true or false, if any comparison operator would have been applied, what would have been the result, true or false, when there is no expression, but here what is a value, there is a value, so when I said what is truth, having a value, then what will it return, true and what will this also return, true, true, by the way, there is y and operator, so it needs only one true, now what is the answer, I will not tell you by running that. Tell me the reason, when I execute it, it will


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Tell me the reason, when I execute it, it will return 12, okay, and if here, instead of and, there was an and operator and instead of and, both are true, then and would require all u, then why would the result be like this? Now see, the thing is that and is very clever, okay, it is exactly like this, I have to ask you 10 questions, if you answer even one question correctly, then you will pass, you will pass, so I started asking you questions, what did you answer to the first question, you gave


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did you answer to the first question, you gave true, you gave the correct answer, then I will tell you that you will pass, the remaining nine questions will not be asked, similarly, what are we doing in the expression, which is the expression of and, it waits, as soon as it gets true, it gets terminated, my work is done, come out, I got true, one work is completed, okay, so when this expression started running, it did not run completely till it gave 12, ahead there is and, just the first one


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gave 12, ahead there is and, just the first one has become true, from here it returned, okay, and what does the and operator need here if he gets 10 out of 10 answers correct then what did he do first, now hisWe are compelled to go till the end and when we reached the end, what value did we get? It got 20 and it made it 20. If I put another end before this and put another end here and another end here, then what will be the answer? Okay and if I do the same thing here, if by doing and and, it


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I do the same thing here, if by doing and and, it will remain 12 only because its work is done here. That's it. So, let's move next. We have seen the expression. Now we will move towards the conditional statements which we were just seeing. What are conditional statements or we also call them control flow. Okay, what is there? Inside it, there is an else statement and if else also, okay, it is not a switch, this is it. Now we have control flow, the way we have just seen, if this thing becomes


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the way we have just seen, if this thing becomes true, then this work will be done. If this thing becomes true, then this work will be done. It is a simple thing, like I take any value or, similarly, to take a value, we have taken a value of 20. Now what am I writing here, if I, if a, that It is smaller than b if a is smaller than b then what to do, I put it here, a colon is made of a block, see, I hit enter, it comes here, we call it indent, it comes here after being indented so much, it will


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comes here after being indented so much, it will not come here directly, like if we talk about the colon, it will understand itself what to make, it has to be made, a body has to be made, that if this thing becomes true, then what work do I have to do, okay, I will write here, brother print, what do I have to do if a becomes smaller than b, then yes, so cook food and what else do I have to do, I have to study Python also, now I execute it, empty f ko ya ai became cute why because what is this


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f ko ya ai became cute why because what is this condition, if it becomes reversed here, it becomes h now what is this condition, what will come out, it will be false, it will never come inside its body, it will not come inside this block, okay, I ran it, no output is coming because I did not tell it, I had told that if a is smaller than b then do this, if this does not happen then what to do, I have not told you, okay First we executed this, then we modified it and executed it but no output is


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we modified it and executed it but no output is coming. In the third time we also tell it that if this does not happenSo what to do if A becomes smaller than B then do this otherwise what to do otherwise let's go so what will happen in this case this will work and if I modify here okay what will happen understand this thing if this block condition is true then this block will be acute this condition will be false both will not be executed both will not be executed now see what I am doing here


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will not be executed now see what I am doing here here I take good input from the user what do we do for that like I have kept the price here we use the function of input listen brother what are you telling tell everyone friend you are reading secretly the price it was taken what is the price buy laptop do not buy eggs as you will have to buy four five so what is the price of eggs by the way what would we say go to the shop and sell the eggs what is the account we would also tell what account


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is the account we would also tell what account how did you sell the eggs what is the account what is the dozen ok now now what condition am I putting here if the price should be less by how much it should be less than the price of a dozen take the price of one egg if less than 20 If there is one egg of y, what should I do? What should I do? Give a dozen, give a dozen, okay otherwise, just give one friend, okay now, now it depends on the price, which block will be executed, okay, it depends on


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which block will be executed, okay, it depends on the price, which block will be executed, so type, okay, let me tell you, now what have I put here, the egg of y is of 2, now an error came on y, what is this error coming for, now first of all understand that whenever input is taken, its type will be a string, no matter what you are putting there, you are just putting a number, but what will be its type, let's see, I will show it here, again I copied and pasted y and I am saying here, type whose


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and pasted y and I am saying here, type whose price, put the value on y, what type is coming, if I am writing a number, whether I write a number or write anything, its type will always be what, so that's why I will have to typecast it, okay, how to typecast 45, we had also seen in the previous class, what should I do with st, what with inger, type If I cast it, if it is coming in string then this will become a number, okay this will become a number, if I cast it to thisBut if I try to print it,


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if I cast it to thisBut if I try to print it, you will see that it is coming with quotations, print price and here I have written that the price is coming in coden, let's say we are not putting it in quotations but what does it take on the event, it saves it as a string, so we have to explicitly type cast it so that this error goes away. Now what will I do here, one way to type cast it here is to type cast it here, but I will not do it, as soon as you get the value, the value will come here in


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as you get the value, the value will come here in which form, in this form, what do you do with this form, make an integer here and then later put it in the price, first make an input, and later assign it to the memory, go to the price as an integer, so now this error of ours will not come, take only one and if it is of Rs, then one dozen, today I am understanding the point, it is a simple case of I Else, okay, now tell me any other condition, whatever you write, we pass or fail on this, take


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whatever you write, we pass or fail on this, take the marks input Let's input marks, enter your marks, as you input the marks, we will type cast it and what will we do brother, if the marks are less than 50, then what will happen to you brother, otherwise what will happen, you pass, okay, what is going to come 56 p, similarly 45 p and tell me some example, let's write it in big size, what should I do in the ATM machine, but we will also have to keep the user name and password, right now, so


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to keep the user name and password, right now, so let's do it like this, now I say here, brother, I have saved the user name, for example, this is the user name, okay, we will write the program like this later, when we read a lot of things and I have kept its pin, okay right, now what will we do, now we have to check these two things, in this, multiple check has been done, what happened, this example will be done later, first let's do multiple check brother here, here what did we say, just now


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brother here, here what did we say, just now we bought eggs a while ago, now let's say this again, we have the price, okay, what did we buy now, tomatoes, what do we say, how will we give tomatoes, okay, how will we give tomatoes, kg of tomatoes okay we look at the price of tomato and also look at the quality so in the same way I am making the input, what can I say about the right quality inputThey are good, right? Yes, take them. So, what are two things? Now, when we have two things, tell me


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two things? Now, when we have two things, tell me if any one thing will work, if any one thing will work, we will buy it. We have to see both the things. Now, bring it to mind. We have just read the operator and rater, so if both are there, all the conditions, quality and price should also be right, then we have to buy it. Amma said, son, if it is cheap and good, then buy it. So, we will have to see both the things. We will have to see the cheap ones as well as the good ones. This is what we


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ones as well as the good ones. This is what we call nesting. Rather, I will do the easy one before nesting, which is called multiple multi. It will be easily understood. Some people may find it difficult. We asked the price of tomatoes. Okay, now Amma said, brother, if tomatoes are expensive, then buy curd. Don't buy tomatoes. That also works. You will know from the wedding. So, the prices have now come here. Now, what am I saying? Here, I say, brother, what is the calculation going on about


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brother, what is the calculation going on about the price of curd? Curd, curd, today it is not so much. We are going, right now our focus is on this and you are saying right, okay, what about curd, sir, is it okay to cut it, now what did I say here, if the price of tomato is less than the price, then what to do, brother, then give two kilos, okay, but if this does not happen, then now we have other choice, when we will have another choice and this condition is not coming to us, then we will


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this condition is not coming to us, then we will come to else and we will write it in short form, L means else, if this is wrong, it will come to S and further we will put another choice, what happens, if the price of curd becomes less, then brother tomato and curd are cheaper, then what should I take, take one kg of curd, I understand, else, if both are not coming, then come back, today what is it, I did not understand, what did I do, if one is not right, then check the other, if the second is


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not right, then check the other, if the second is not right, then try the third option, keep going till you find the right one and it will keep coming and when you find the right one, then it will stop there, which operator does this? isn't it, when we get it from u, we take the same value out from there and the rater is parallel to the multiple if and the and operator which is nested will be visible nowNow we will talk about what have we done here, else, I can also write y, see, I should first


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else, I can also write y, see, I should first create the else block, first create the else block, put the else block inside it, if the condition of i goes wrong then it comes in else, now another condition is being checked in else, if it goes wrong then finally it comes in this else and what is written here, come back, so what has been its short form, eh, exactly, this is just removed from y, take it up, there is no such issue, so now I will run it, what does it say now, where are these ones,


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it, what does it say now, where are these ones, okay, what is the tomato kilo, we have taken 200 kg, then what is the calculation of curd, curd and one power, okay, what will you take, take it, okay, just keep it till here, you have been thinking about such small things while sitting at home, so just keep writing its code, code ifs ifs false, keep doing this, this, this so that your hands on remains, you can write any question in it, now simple simple cases are running, you can also apply


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Okay, we had taken the concept of inheritance, what is inheritance, please tell me, okay, someone else should tell, okay, you tell me, like we made a company class, the people at the back should tell, brother, it is a class quickly, okay, see, the concept of parent and child gets implemented when inheritance gets implemented, when I become an irritant to a class, so if I sit and say that I will create a class from the parent class, the parent does not exist right now, then what would you say,


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not exist right now, then what would you say, look here also, by definition, what is the use of this, when this property is created by the firm and the other class is created, then what will the other class do, it will become the parent, so if it is not the parent from before, then do the parent class, okay, so what would be the benefit, or the promote code, use and publish, the relationship between the code would happen, and what happens between the classes, a relationship is formed, now we


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the classes, a relationship is formed, now we will see how the firm does it, so we had done some work on this, abba son, abba child, that today we have started doing a work, I am a simple I will take it from the example book. Okay, I will take it from the book of our course, classes inheritance. Okay brother, we had a Car class. Here we have a Car class. I am copying it. Okay, this is a Car class. I indented it. I created a function and inside the function I returned it by typing this. Okay,


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the function I returned it by typing this. Okay, here we have a simple Car class. Are you seeing anything new in it? I don't think so. It is the same it method. What is it doing for us? It is taking three things. Model. It is a function with a descriptive name. What did we do inside it? Space Make Space. What did we do with the model? We created a new string. It was named as the long name. It was printed and returned. It was converted to title case. Since what we had would be in numbers, we


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case. Since what we had would be in numbers, we converted it to a type. It is easy to understand. Okay, after that, we created an object called my new car on the left and gave these three parameters. DA4 2016 and said to print, my new car. Do run the function get descriptive name and print the value returned. Okay, so what will this do to us? I did not indent 10. Okay.This one has written it back, it's fine, everyone is understanding it. If anyone doesn't understand anything in this, then you


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doesn't understand anything in this, then you can ask on the spot, ask questions, what should I explain, look, this can never happen, if I say that start again from here, this will become strange, this is not even possible, you tell me what is there in this, I am not able to understand, do I understand? [Music] What are you saying, what is this, look, we had read that inside the class Atria Get Descriptive Name, when someone calls this function, what will be written with it, year, make and


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what will be written with it, year, make and model, these three together will form a name. When we also ask about a car, what do we ask, which car, Corolla 19 1 17 model of 19, Renault 19's, if we don't say these three things, then friend, if we don't give a space, then this will come out. Basically, we should not even do it like this, if we format the string in our old way, even then our work is getting done, we should keep doing this, we should leave the format of the string, this is a


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should leave the format of the string, this is a difficult task, put plus plus, do this. What do I want? I want the y. I put brackets. y. y. it's low. y. now there's no need to give space. I'll give space right here. By doing this, my space will come. I won't even need to typecast. ok. which one. this. when we know that this object has been created. now forget to print. now forget to print. this object of mine. which function is this object calling. get descriptive name. what will it do? it


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get descriptive name. what will it do? it will create a long name by combining all three things. and after converting that long name to title case, it will return. this return value will return. definitely the one who called, this long name will come back. y. it's coming. see. it's coming. if I print it, then the quotations will end. y. it will not show its value. it will print it. ok. any question in this, yes brother, okay, so you make it like this. don't give space. bha, this low space is


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this. don't give space. bha, this low space is over. I'm not liking it. this low space is over. ok. yes, in both [music] not here. it's the name of the function. yaar. so variable. I am creating a variable, don't even create it, friend, you can also delete this, I have cut it from hereHit and said return or directly what should I do instead I am saying directly friend return this by dot title no problem now I am not storing the variable we store it in variable so that if I need it later then I


