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The Assistance to Disabled Persons for Purchase/Fitting of Aids and Appliances (ADIP) Scheme is a national scheme that is also implemented in Himachal Pradesh to provide financial aid to eligible disabled individuals for procuring necessary assistive devices [35]. To be eligible for assistance under the ADIP scheme, the applicant must be an Indian citizen with a disability of 40% or more [36]. The scheme also has income criteria, with the level of assistance often varying based on the applicant's monthly income [37, 38]. For instance, individuals with a monthly income up to a certain limit [36] may receive the full cost of the aid or appliance, while those with a higher income might receive a partial cost [36, 38]. The ADIP scheme covers a wide range of aids and appliances that are scientifically manufactured and can promote the physical, social, and psychological rehabilitation of persons with disabilities, including mobility aids like tricycles and wheelchairs, hearing aids,


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scientifically manufactured and can promote the physical, social, and psychological rehabilitation of persons with disabilities, including mobility aids like tricycles and wheelchairs, hearing aids, prosthetics, and other devices that enhance independent functioning [38, 39]. In some cases, the scheme also covers essential medical or surgical corrections required before the fitting of these aids [37].


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The Deendayal Disabled Rehabilitation Scheme (DDRS) is a central sector scheme that supports Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) in Himachal Pradesh and across the country that are working for the education and rehabilitation of persons with disabilities [40]. The primary objective of DDRS is to create an enabling environment to ensure equal opportunities, equity, social justice, and empowerment of persons with disabilities, and to encourage voluntary action in this field [40, 41]. The scheme provides financial assistance to NGOs to run various projects focused on early intervention, special education, vocational training, skill development oriented towards employability, community-based rehabilitation, and the provision of infrastructure facilities for persons with disabilities [40, 42]. To be eligible for funding under DDRS, NGOs typically need to be registered under relevant acts and have been in existence for a specified period, often at least two years [40, 42]. The application


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To be eligible for funding under DDRS, NGOs typically need to be registered under relevant acts and have been in existence for a specified period, often at least two years [40, 42]. The application process usually involves online registration on the NGO Darpan portal and submission of project proposals through the E-Anudaan portal [40, 42]. Through DDRS, the government supports the efforts of voluntary organizations in Himachal Pradesh to provide a wide array of services aimed at the holistic rehabilitation and empowerment of individuals with disabilities [43].


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5.4 Mukhya Mantri Madhu Care Yojana: As detailed in section 4.4, this scheme provides crucial healthcare support to children with Type 1 Diabetes, a condition that often falls under the category of disability.


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The healthcare and wellbeing schemes in Himachal Pradesh present a multi-faceted approach to addressing the needs of various segments of the population. A comparative analysis reveals both strengths and potential areas for improvement.


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<table><tr><td>Scheme Name</td><td>Target Beneficiary</td><td>Key Eligibility Criteria</td><td>Primary Benefits</td></tr><tr><td>AB-PMJAY</td><td>General Population (Economically weaker sections)</td><td>SECC 2011 data based on deprivation and occupational criteria</td><td>₹5 lakh health cover per family per year for secondary and tertiary care hospitalization</td></tr><tr><td>HIMCARE</td><td>Residents of Himachal Pradesh (not covered under AB-PMJAY)</td><td>Resident of Himachal Pradesh; Category-based premium payment</td><td>₹5 lakh health cover per year per family for hospitalization in empanelled hospitals</td></tr><tr><td>Sahara Yojana</td><td>Individuals with specified chronic illnesses</td><td>Resident of Himachal Pradesh; Family income &lt; ₹4 lakh/year; Suffering from specified chronic illnesses</td><td>₹3,000 per month financial assistance for treatment</td></tr><tr><td>JSY</td><td>Pregnant Women</td><td>BPL/SC/ST; Delivery in government or accredited private facility</td><td>Cash assistance for delivery and post-natal expenses</td></tr><tr><td>PMMVY</td><td>First-time Pregnant and Lactating Mothers</td><td>Pregnant or lactating for the first child; Early registration of pregnancy</td><td>₹5,000 cash benefit in three installments upon meeting conditions</td></tr><tr><td>JSSK</td><td>Pregnant Women and Sick Newborns/Infants</td><td>Utilizing government health facilities</td><td>Free delivery (including C-section), treatment for sick newborns/infants, medicines, diagnostics, blood, diet, and transport</td></tr><tr><td>RBSK</td><td>Children (0-18 years)</td><td>All children in the specified age group</td><td>Screening for 4 Ds; Free treatment and management, including surgeries for identified conditions</td></tr><tr><td>UIP</td><td>Children</td><td>Specific age groups as per national immunization schedule</td><td>Free vaccination against preventable diseases</td></tr><tr><td>ICDS</td><td>Children (0-6 years) and Pregnant/Lactating Mothers</td><td>Children in the specified age group and pregnant/lactating mothers</td><td>Supplementary nutrition, immunization, health check-ups, referral services, pre-school education, nutrition and health education</td></tr><tr><td>Mukhya Mantri Madhu Care Yojana</td><td>Children (&lt; 18 years) with Type 1 Diabetes</td><td>Diagnosed with Type 1 Diabetes; Family income &lt; ₹2.5 lakh/year</td><td>Free insulin, glucometers, and testing strips</td></tr><tr><td>Social Security Pension Scheme for Persons with Disabilities</td><td>Persons with Disabilities</td><td>Resident of Himachal Pradesh; Disability ≥ 40%; Meeting specific age and income criteria</td><td>Monthly pension amount (unspecified in query)</td></tr><tr><td>ADIP Scheme</td><td>Persons with Disabilities</td><td>Indian citizen; Disability ≥ 40%; Meeting specific income criteria</td><td>Financial assistance for purchase/fitting of aids and appliances (full or partial cost)</td></tr><tr><td>DDRS</td><td>Persons with Disabilities (through NGOs)</td><td>Not directly applicable to individuals; NGOs must be registered and meet scheme guidelines</td><td>Financial assistance to NGOs for running projects focused on education and rehabilitation</td></tr></table>


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Scheme Name Target Beneficiary Key Eligibility Criteria Primary Benefits AB-PMJAY General Population (Economically weaker sections) SECC 2011 data based on deprivation and occupational criteria ₹5 lakh health cover per family per year for secondary and tertiary care hospitalization HIMCARE Residents of Himachal Pradesh (not covered under AB-PMJAY) Resident of Himachal Pradesh; Category-based premium payment ₹5 lakh health cover per year per family for hospitalization in empanelled hospitals Sahara Yojana Individuals with specified chronic illnesses Resident of Himachal Pradesh; Family income < ₹4 lakh/year; Suffering from specified chronic illnesses ₹3,000 per month financial assistance for treatment JSY Pregnant Women BPL/SC/ST; Delivery in government or accredited private facility Cash assistance for delivery and post-natal expenses PMMVY First-time Pregnant and Lactating Mothers Pregnant or lactating for the first child; Early registration of pregnancy ₹5,000 cash benefit in three


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assistance for delivery and post-natal expenses PMMVY First-time Pregnant and Lactating Mothers Pregnant or lactating for the first child; Early registration of pregnancy ₹5,000 cash benefit in three installments upon meeting conditions JSSK Pregnant Women and Sick Newborns/Infants Utilizing government health facilities Free delivery (including C-section), treatment for sick newborns/infants, medicines, diagnostics, blood, diet, and transport RBSK Children (0-18 years) All children in the specified age group Screening for 4 Ds; Free treatment and management, including surgeries for identified conditions UIP Children Specific age groups as per national immunization schedule Free vaccination against preventable diseases ICDS Children (0-6 years) and Pregnant/Lactating Mothers Children in the specified age group and pregnant/lactating mothers Supplementary nutrition, immunization, health check-ups, referral services, pre-school education, nutrition and health education Mukhya Mantri


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the specified age group and pregnant/lactating mothers Supplementary nutrition, immunization, health check-ups, referral services, pre-school education, nutrition and health education Mukhya Mantri Madhu Care Yojana Children (< 18 years) with Type 1 Diabetes Diagnosed with Type 1 Diabetes; Family income < ₹2.5 lakh/year Free insulin, glucometers, and testing strips Social Security Pension Scheme for Persons with Disabilities Persons with Disabilities Resident of Himachal Pradesh; Disability ≥ 40%; Meeting specific age and income criteria Monthly pension amount (unspecified in query) ADIP Scheme Persons with Disabilities Indian citizen; Disability ≥ 40%; Meeting specific income criteria Financial assistance for purchase/fitting of aids and appliances (full or partial cost) DDRS Persons with Disabilities (through NGOs) Not directly applicable to individuals; NGOs must be registered and meet scheme guidelines Financial assistance to NGOs for running projects focused on education and


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with Disabilities (through NGOs) Not directly applicable to individuals; NGOs must be registered and meet scheme guidelines Financial assistance to NGOs for running projects focused on education and rehabilitation


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Comprehensive Coverage: Himachal Pradesh has a mix of national and state-specific schemes that aim to provide a wide safety net, covering general health, maternal and child health, and disability.


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Financial Protection: Schemes like AB-PMJAY and HIMCARE offer significant financial protection against high medical expenditures.


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Targeted Support: Schemes like Sahara Yojana and Mukhya Mantri Madhu Care Yojana address the specific needs of individuals with chronic illnesses and disabilities.


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Focus on Vulnerable Groups: There is a clear emphasis on supporting vulnerable populations such as those below the poverty line, pregnant women, children, and persons with disabilities.


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Integration of Services: Schemes like ICDS demonstrate an integrated approach to child development, combining health, nutrition, and education.


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Awareness and Accessibility: While a range of schemes exists, ensuring that all eligible individuals are aware of these schemes and can easily access them, especially in remote and underserved areas, remains a challenge. Enhanced outreach and awareness campaigns, along with streamlined application processes, could improve uptake.


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Scheme Overlap and Duplication: It might be beneficial to conduct a review of the schemes to identify any potential overlaps or duplications and streamline them for better efficiency and resource utilization.


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Benefit Adequacy: The adequacy of the financial benefits provided under some schemes, such as the Social Security Pension for Persons with Disabilities and the monthly assistance under Sahara Yojana, could be reviewed in light of the rising cost of living and healthcare.


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Monitoring and Evaluation: Strengthening the monitoring and evaluation mechanisms for all schemes would help in assessing their impact and making necessary adjustments to improve their effectiveness.


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Addressing Gaps: While the current schemes are comprehensive, there might be specific health needs or population groups that are not adequately covered. Further research could help identify these gaps.


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Himachal Pradesh has established a commendable framework of healthcare and wellbeing schemes aimed at ensuring the health and security of its diverse population. The combination of national initiatives with state-specific programs like HIMCARE and Sahara Yojana reflects a commitment to addressing the unique challenges of the state. Schemes like JSY, PMMVY, and RBSK underscore the focus on maternal and child health, while initiatives like the Social Security Pension Scheme and ADIP demonstrate support for persons with disabilities.


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Enhance Awareness and Access: Conduct targeted awareness campaigns, especially in rural and remote areas, to ensure that eligible beneficiaries are well-informed about the available schemes, their eligibility criteria, and the application process. Utilize local community health workers and Anganwadi centers for dissemination of information. Simplify the application processes and make them more accessible through online portals and local administrative offices.


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Regular Review and Streamlining: Establish a mechanism for regular review of all healthcare and wellbeing schemes to identify any overlaps, redundancies, or gaps. Streamline the schemes where necessary to improve efficiency and reduce administrative burden.


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Benefit Adequacy Assessment: Periodically assess the adequacy of the financial benefits provided under various schemes, taking into account inflation and the actual cost of healthcare and living. Consider increasing the pension amounts and financial assistance where needed to ensure they effectively meet the needs of the beneficiaries.


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Strengthen Monitoring and Evaluation: Implement robust monitoring and evaluation systems for all schemes to track their performance, identify challenges, and measure their impact on the health and wellbeing outcomes of the beneficiaries. Use the findings to make evidence-based improvements to the schemes.


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Identify and Address Unmet Needs: Conduct research to identify any specific health needs or population groups that are not currently adequately covered by the existing schemes. Based on the findings, consider developing new targeted interventions or expanding the scope of existing schemes.


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Leverage Technology: Explore the use of technology to improve the delivery and monitoring of healthcare schemes, such as using mobile applications for registration, information dissemination, and follow-up care.


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By focusing on these areas, Himachal Pradesh can further enhance its healthcare and wellbeing framework, ensuring that all its citizens have access to the necessary support for a healthy and secure life. The state's commitment to social welfare, as evidenced by its existing schemes, provides a strong foundation for continued progress in this crucial sector.


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Ayushman Bharat - Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (AB-PMJAY) Website. (Include actual website link if found).


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National Health Authority (NHA) Guidelines on AB-PMJAY. (Include link to official document if found).


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Department of Health and Family Welfare, Government of Himachal Pradesh. (Include relevant departmental website or publications if found).


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Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India. (Relevant publications on maternal and child health schemes).


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Social Welfare Department, Administration of Union Territory of Ladakh. (Reference for pension amount in a similar region).


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Department of Social Welfare, Government of NCT of Delhi. (Reference for pension amount in another state).


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Department of Empowerment of Persons with Disabilities, Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment, Government of India. (Guidelines on disability pension schemes).


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State-specific guidelines on Social Security Pension Scheme for Persons with Disabilities in Himachal Pradesh (if available).


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Assistance to Disabled Persons for Purchase/Fitting of Aids and Appliances (ADIP) Scheme Guidelines. (Include link if found).


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(Note: Please replace the bracketed information and placeholders with actual links and specific details from official sources to make the report comprehensive and verifiable.)


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Healthcare and Wellbeing Schemes in Uttar Pradesh and Indian Union Territories: A Comprehensive Analysis


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This report provides a detailed overview of the current healthcare and wellbeing schemes offered by the government in Uttar Pradesh and the eight Union Territories of India. The analysis identifies key programs available to general citizens, pregnant women, children (including infants), and disabled individuals in each region. The findings reveal a multifaceted approach to healthcare provision, with a combination of national and region-specific schemes aimed at improving access, affordability, and overall wellbeing. Uttar Pradesh demonstrates a strong focus on universal health coverage through the Ayushman Bharat and Mukhyamantri Jan Arogya Yojana, complemented by targeted programs for specific vulnerable groups. The Union Territories exhibit diverse strategies, ranging from comprehensive health insurance schemes in Andaman and Nicobar Islands and Ladakh to specific welfare benefits for construction workers and girl children. This report highlights the key features, eligibility


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health insurance schemes in Andaman and Nicobar Islands and Ladakh to specific welfare benefits for construction workers and girl children. This report highlights the key features, eligibility criteria, and benefits of these schemes, offering a valuable resource for policymakers and stakeholders in the public health sector.


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2.1.1 Ayushman Bharat - Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (AB-PMJAY) & Mukhyamantri Jan Arogya Yojana (MMJAY):
The governments of India and Uttar Pradesh are jointly implementing the Ayushman Bharat - Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (AB-PMJAY) and the Mukhyamantri Jan Arogya Yojana (MMJAY) to provide comprehensive health insurance coverage to a significant portion of the state's population 1. These schemes offer financial protection of up to ₹5 lakh per family per year for secondary and tertiary care hospitalization, ensuring that a substantial number of individuals can access necessary medical treatment without facing prohibitive costs 2. Eligibility for these schemes is primarily determined based on socio-economic criteria, utilizing data from the Socio-Economic Caste Census 2011 (SECC 2011) and including beneficiaries previously covered under the Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana (RSBY) 3.


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The current administration in Uttar Pradesh has emphasized its commitment to ensuring that the benefits of these schemes reach all eligible residents without discrimination, contrasting this approach with the alleged preferential treatment under previous governments 1. The Chief Minister has stated that these initiatives have enabled approximately 10 crore people in Uttar Pradesh to receive free health insurance, thereby removing financial hurdles for the poor seeking medical care 1. The widespread reach of these schemes is further evidenced by the authorization of approximately 43.5 lakh hospital admissions under AB-PMJAY in the state as of June 2024 6. This high utilization rate underscores the critical role these schemes play in addressing the healthcare needs of a large segment of the population.


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To facilitate the effective implementation and monitoring of the AB-PMJAY, a robust IT infrastructure has been established 3. This system includes a dashboard for real-time reporting and performance evaluation, a hospital empanelment system to ensure quality of care, and a beneficiary identification system utilizing Aadhaar eKYC for authentication. A transaction management system tracks patient data and claims, while a citizen portal and a toll-free helpline (14555) provide beneficiaries with information and support 3. This technological focus reflects the government's commitment to transparency and efficiency in delivering the benefits of the scheme.
The following table summarizes the key eligibility criteria and benefits of the Ayushman Bharat PM-JAY scheme, which is implemented in convergence with the Mukhyamantri Jan Arogya Yojana in Uttar Pradesh:


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<table><tr><td>Feature</td><td>Rural Beneficiaries</td><td>Urban Beneficiaries</td><td>Benefits</td></tr><tr><td>Eligibility</td><td>Based on deprivation and occupational criteria from SECC 2011 (D1-D5, D7), automatic inclusion criteria (households without shelter, destitute, manual scavengers, etc.), and RSBY beneficiaries 3</td><td>Based on 11 occupational categories (ragpicker, domestic worker, street vendor, construction worker, etc.) from SECC 2011 and RSBY beneficiaries 3</td><td>Health cover of ₹5 lakhs per family per year for secondary and tertiary care hospitalization 3</td></tr><tr><td/><td>Only one room with kucha walls and roof, no adult member (16-59), female-headed household with no adult male member (16-59), disabled member with no able-bodied adult, SC/ST households, landless households deriving major income from manual labor, etc3.</td><td>Ragpicker, beggar, domestic worker, street vendor, construction worker, sweeper, home-based worker, transport worker, shop worker, electrician/mechanic, washer-man/chowkidar 3</td><td>Cashless access at empanelled public and private hospitals across India 3</td></tr><tr><td/><td/><td/><td>Coverage of approximately 1,929 procedures, including pre and post-hospitalization expenses (3 days before, 15 days after) 3</td></tr><tr><td/><td/><td/><td>No restrictions on family size, age, or gender 3</td></tr><tr><td/><td/><td/><td>Coverage of pre-existing conditions from day one 3</td></tr><tr><td/><td/><td/><td>National portability allowing treatment at any empanelled hospital in India 3</td></tr><tr><td/><td/><td/><td>Family floater basis, allowing any or all family members to utilize the ₹5 lakh cover 3</td></tr><tr><td/><td/><td/><td>Comprehensive treatment including medical examination, consultation, medicine, medical consumables, intensive and non-intensive care, diagnostics, accommodation, food services, and complications arising during treatment 3</td></tr></table>


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Feature Rural Beneficiaries Urban Beneficiaries Benefits Eligibility Based on deprivation and occupational criteria from SECC 2011 (D1-D5, D7), automatic inclusion criteria (households without shelter, destitute, manual scavengers, etc.), and RSBY beneficiaries 3 Based on 11 occupational categories (ragpicker, domestic worker, street vendor, construction worker, etc.) from SECC 2011 and RSBY beneficiaries 3 Health cover of ₹5 lakhs per family per year for secondary and tertiary care hospitalization 3 Only one room with kucha walls and roof, no adult member (16-59), female-headed household with no adult male member (16-59), disabled member with no able-bodied adult, SC/ST households, landless households deriving major income from manual labor, etc3. Ragpicker, beggar, domestic worker, street vendor, construction worker, sweeper, home-based worker, transport worker, shop worker, electrician/mechanic, washer-man/chowkidar 3 Cashless access at empanelled public and private hospitals across


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vendor, construction worker, sweeper, home-based worker, transport worker, shop worker, electrician/mechanic, washer-man/chowkidar 3 Cashless access at empanelled public and private hospitals across India 3 Coverage of approximately 1,929 procedures, including pre and post-hospitalization expenses (3 days before, 15 days after) 3 No restrictions on family size, age, or gender 3 Coverage of pre-existing conditions from day one 3 National portability allowing treatment at any empanelled hospital in India 3 Family floater basis, allowing any or all family members to utilize the ₹5 lakh cover 3 Comprehensive treatment including medical examination, consultation, medicine, medical consumables, intensive and non-intensive care, diagnostics, accommodation, food services, and complications arising during treatment 3


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**2.1.2 Pandit Deendayal Upadhyaya Cashless Health Scheme:**
    A distinct healthcare scheme available in Uttar Pradesh is the Pandit Deendayal Upadhyaya Cashless Health Scheme [1]. This program specifically caters to all government employees in the state, providing them with access to free healthcare services [1]. The establishment of this separate scheme highlights a targeted approach to healthcare provision based on employment status within the state government. It suggests a commitment by the government to ensure the health and wellbeing of its workforce by offering a dedicated healthcare benefit as part of their employment.


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*   **2.1.3 Uttar Pradesh Health Policy 2018:**
    The overarching framework guiding healthcare initiatives in Uttar Pradesh is the Uttar Pradesh Health Policy 2018 [8]. This policy articulates a vision centered on improving the health and quality of life of the population by ensuring access to quality healthcare services without financial barriers [8]. A key focus of the policy is addressing health disparities by providing healthcare services to marginalized and vulnerable communities, including women, children, the elderly, and economically disadvantaged groups [8]. This commitment is further demonstrated through the emphasis on developing special programs tailored to the healthcare needs of these populations.


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Recognizing the potential of technology to transform healthcare delivery, the policy strongly emphasizes the use of technology and innovation [8]. This includes the implementation of telemedicine services to extend healthcare access to remote and underserved regions, particularly in rural areas where medical professionals may be scarce [8, 9]. The policy also promotes the development of health data management systems for better tracking of health outcomes and resource allocation, as well as e-health initiatives to improve the accessibility of health information and services to citizens in the digital age [8].


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Furthermore, the Uttar Pradesh Health Policy 2018 acknowledges the critical need to strengthen the healthcare workforce within the state [8]. Recognizing the shortage of trained healthcare professionals, especially in rural areas, the policy aims to expand medical education by increasing the number of medical colleges, nursing schools, and training institutes. It also focuses on strategies for recruiting and retaining healthcare workers in underserved areas by offering incentives such as better compensation and housing [8]. Skill development programs for healthcare workers are also a key component, aimed at improving the quality of care provided at all levels, particularly in primary and community health centers [8].


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*   **2.1.4 National Health Mission (NHM) Initiatives:**
    The National Health Mission (NHM) plays a vital role in supplementing the efforts of the Uttar Pradesh government to provide accessible, affordable, and quality healthcare to all, particularly in rural areas [4, 10]. A key component of the NHM's strategy in the state is the establishment and strengthening of Comprehensive Primary Health Care (CPHC) through Ayushman Bharat, which includes upgrading Sub Health Centres (SHCs) and Primary Health Centres (PHCs) into Health and Wellness Centres (AB-HWCs) to bring healthcare closer to communities [4, 10]. Additionally, the NHM supports the provision of free drugs and essential diagnostics at public health facilities [4].


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Community participation is another crucial aspect of the NHM's approach in Uttar Pradesh, with the Accredited Social Health Workers (ASHAs) program serving as a key link between the health system and the community [4]. ASHAs, who are honorary volunteers, receive performance-based incentives for a wide range of activities related to maternal and child health, as well as the control of communicable and non-communicable diseases at the community level [4]. The NHM also supports the constitution of Village Health Sanitation and Nutrition Committees (VHSNCs) at the village level to facilitate local healthcare planning [4]. To ensure quality of care, the NHM implements initiatives like 'Kayakalp', which encourages public health facilities to maintain high standards of cleanliness and hygiene, and the National Quality Assurance Standards (NQAS) to improve the overall quality of healthcare services provided [4].


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2.2.1 Pradhan Mantri Surakshit Matritva Abhiyan (PMSMA):
The Pradhan Mantri Surakshit Matritva Abhiyan (PMSMA) is a national program actively implemented in Uttar Pradesh, aiming to provide assured, comprehensive, and quality antenatal care, free of cost, to all pregnant women on the 9th of every month 10. This initiative ensures that pregnant women in their second and third trimesters receive a minimum package of antenatal care services at designated government health facilities 12. Antenatal check-up services under PMSMA are conducted by OBGY specialists, radiologists, or physicians, often with support from private sector doctors volunteering their services to supplement the efforts of the government sector 12. Uttar Pradesh has consistently shown a high level of engagement with PMSMA, with a significant number of facilities providing these services and a large number of pregnant women receiving antenatal care under the program 12.


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A key feature of PMSMA is the identification and tracking of high-risk pregnancies. Pregnant women are assessed, and a sticker is added to their Mother and Child Protection (MCP) card to indicate their risk status: green for women with no detected risk factors and red for those with high-risk pregnancies 12. To further enhance the program, the e-PMSMA (Extended - Pradhan Mantri Surakshit Matritva Abhiyan) portal was launched to facilitate name-based line listing and individual tracking of high-risk pregnancies up to 45 days after delivery 13. SMS alerts are also sent to beneficiaries and ASHAs for registration and follow-up visits 13. Additionally, ASHAs are provided with case-based incentives for mobilizing high-risk pregnant women for follow-up visits, and beneficiaries may receive transportation costs for attending PMSMA sessions 13.


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The Surakshit Matritva Aashwasan (SUMAN) Yojana is another significant initiative aimed at providing affordable and quality healthcare solutions to pregnant women and newborns in Uttar Pradesh 11. Under this scheme, pregnant women, sick newborns, and mothers receive zero-expense access to a range of healthcare services up to six months after delivery 11. This includes treatment at quality hospitals and from qualified professionals, as well as access to detection and management of complications during and after pregnancy 11. Pregnant women can avail zero-expense delivery and C-section facilities at public health facilities 11. The scheme emphasizes a zero-tolerance policy for denial of services to pregnant women and children 11. Furthermore, it ensures free transportation for pregnant women from their homes to the health facility and back after discharge 11. The initiative also promotes respectful care with privacy and supports breastfeeding 11.


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2.2.3 Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY):
The Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY) is a centrally sponsored scheme being implemented in Uttar Pradesh with the primary objective of reducing maternal and infant deaths by promoting institutional delivery among pregnant women 10. This scheme provides cash assistance to poor pregnant women who choose to give birth in a government or accredited private health facility 15. The amount of cash assistance varies based on whether the beneficiary resides in a rural or urban area and whether the state is classified as a low-performing or high-performing state in terms of maternal and child health indicators 15. In low-performing states, mothers in rural areas receive a higher amount compared to those in urban areas, and the assistance is also higher than in high-performing states 15. Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs) also receive cash assistance to cover incidental charges associated with facilitating institutional deliveries 15.


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2.2.4 Janani Shishu Suraksha Karyakram (JSSK):
The Janani Shishu Suraksha Karyakram (JSSK), launched by the Government of India and implemented in Uttar Pradesh, ensures that all pregnant women who deliver in government health facilities are entitled to a wide range of free facilities 10. These entitlements include cashless delivery services, free caesarean section if required, free treatment of sick newborns up to one year of age, free medicines and consumables, free diagnostic tests, free diet during the indoor stay, free provision of blood if needed, and free pick-up and drop facility from home to the health institution 15. This comprehensive scheme aims to eliminate financial barriers for pregnant women and new mothers accessing essential healthcare services in public facilities, thereby contributing to the reduction of maternal and infant mortality rates.


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Uttar Pradesh is implementing the Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana Yojana (PMMVY), a maternity benefit program that provides cash incentives to pregnant women and lactating mothers for their first child 14. Under this scheme, eligible beneficiaries receive a cash benefit of ₹5,000, which is paid directly into their bank or post office account in installments through Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT) 15. The first installment of ₹1,000 is provided upon early registration of pregnancy, the second installment of ₹2,000 is paid after the woman completes six months of pregnancy and has at least one antenatal check-up, and the final installment of ₹2,000 is provided after childbirth and the child receives the first cycle of immunization 15. The objective of the scheme is to provide partial compensation for wage loss during pregnancy and after delivery, enabling women to take adequate rest and improve their health-seeking behavior 15. Notably, the scheme also extends a cash incentive of ₹6,000 for


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for wage loss during pregnancy and after delivery, enabling women to take adequate rest and improve their health-seeking behavior 15. Notably, the scheme also extends a cash incentive of ₹6,000 for the second child, provided the second child is a girl, to promote positive behavioral change towards the girl child 14.


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To further strengthen maternal healthcare in the state, the Uttar Pradesh government has launched an e-voucher scheme 20. Since its inception, over 14.5 lakh e-rupee vouchers have been distributed to pregnant women 20. These vouchers enable pregnant women to access vital diagnostic services, including ultrasounds, at private healthcare centers across the state 20. This initiative aims to ensure that pregnant women receive timely diagnostic services, which are crucial for protecting their health and the health of their unborn children 20. The scheme is fully digital, ensuring that the benefits reach the intended beneficiaries without intermediaries, reflecting the government's commitment to transparency and good governance 20. Districts like Azamgarh, Agra, and Badaun have seen high distribution and utilization of these vouchers, indicating a significant impact on improving access to diagnostic services for pregnant women in these regions 20.


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The Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram (RBSK) is a significant national initiative implemented in Uttar Pradesh, focusing on the early identification and early intervention for children from birth to 18 years of age 10. The program aims to cover the four "Ds": defects at birth, deficiencies, diseases, and development delays including disability 22. It targets approximately 10 crore children in the age group of 0-6 years for screening twice a year and about 17 crore children in the age group of 6-18 years for screening once a year by mobile health teams operating at the block level 17. RBSK covers 30 common childhood health conditions, including at least seven surgical conditions such as neural tube defect, cleft lip and palate, and congenital heart diseases 22. The program ensures that children identified with these conditions receive appropriate management, including referrals for tertiary level care, with funds provided under the National Health Mission (NHM) 17.


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2.3.2 Universal Immunisation Programme & Mission Indradhanush (MI):
Uttar Pradesh actively participates in the Universal Immunisation Programme (UIP) and Mission Indradhanush (MI), which are nationwide efforts aimed at improving immunization coverage and preventing vaccine-preventable diseases among children 10. The UIP provides free vaccination against several life-threatening diseases to all children 10. Mission Indradhanush was launched to specifically target underserved areas with low immunization coverage to ensure that all children receive the full schedule of recommended vaccines 8. These programs are crucial for reducing child mortality and morbidity and are available free of cost to all income groups at public health facilities 10.


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2.3.3 Janani Shishu Suraksha Karyakram (JSSK):
As previously mentioned under schemes for pregnant women, the Janani Shishu Suraksha Karyakram (JSSK) also extends significant benefits to infants in Uttar Pradesh 10. Under this scheme, all sick newborns are entitled to free and zero-expense treatment in government health facilities up to one year after birth 16. This includes free drugs and consumables, free diagnostics, free diet, free provision of blood, and free transport from home to the facility and back 16. This comprehensive support during the critical first year of life aims to reduce neonatal and infant mortality rates by ensuring access to necessary medical care without financial burden.


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2.3.4 Facility Based Integrated Management of Neonatal and Childhood Illness (F-IMNCI) & Integrated Management of Neonatal & Childhood Illnesses (IMNCI):


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To improve the quality of care for newborns and children, Uttar Pradesh has implemented the Facility Based Integrated Management of Neonatal and Childhood Illness (F-IMNCI) and the Integrated Management of Neonatal & Childhood Illnesses (IMNCI) programs 16. These programs focus on equipping health personnel with the necessary skills to effectively manage common and severe illnesses in newborns and children at both community and facility levels 16. F-IMNCI specifically focuses on providing appropriate skills for inpatient management of major causes of neonatal and childhood mortality, such as asphyxia, sepsis, low birth weight, pneumonia, diarrhea, malaria, meningitis, and severe malnutrition 16. Both programs involve pre-service and in-service training of healthcare providers, strengthening health systems (e.g., facility upgrades, availability of logistics, referral systems), and promoting community and family level care 16.


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2.3.5 Home Based Newborn Care (HBNC):
The Home Based Newborn Care (HBNC) scheme has been launched in Uttar Pradesh to improve newborn care practices at the household level 16. Under this scheme, Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs) are incentivized to make home visits to all newborns according to a specified schedule, up to 42 days of life 16. During these visits, ASHAs promote essential newborn care practices, including encouraging exclusive breastfeeding, providing guidance on hygiene, and facilitating the early identification and referral of newborns with potential illnesses 17. ASHAs receive a performance-based incentive for each home visit, paid after 45 days of delivery, subject to certain conditions such as recording the newborn's weight, ensuring BCG and first doses of OPV and DPT vaccinations, confirming the safety of the mother and newborn up to 42 days, and registration of birth 16.


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2.3.6 Special Newborn Care Units (SNCU), Newborn Stabilization Units (NBSU), & New Born Care Corners (NBCC):
To provide specialized care for newborns based on their needs, Uttar Pradesh has established a network of newborn care facilities at various levels of the healthcare system 16. Special Newborn Care Units (SNCUs) have been set up in district hospitals and medical colleges to provide round-the-clock services for sick newborns requiring intensive care 16. Newborn Stabilization Units (NBSUs) are established at community health centers or First Referral Units (FRUs) to stabilize sick newborns before referral 16. New Born Care Corners (NBCCs) are one-bedded facilities attached to labor rooms and operation theaters to provide essential newborn care immediately after birth 16. This tiered system ensures that newborns receive appropriate care based on the severity of their condition, from basic care at birth to intensive care for critical cases.


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2.3.7 Integrated Child Development Scheme (ICDS):
The Integrated Child Development Scheme (ICDS) is a centrally sponsored scheme implemented in Uttar Pradesh to address the holistic development needs of children in the age group of 0-6 years and their mothers 23. The scheme provides a package of six services, including supplementary nutrition, immunization, health check-ups, referral services, pre-school education, and nutrition and health education 23. These services are primarily delivered through Anganwadi centers, which serve as community-based centers providing crucial support for early childhood care and development 23. The ICDS aims to improve the nutritional and health status of young children, lay the foundation for their psychological, physical, and social development, reduce the incidence of mortality, morbidity, malnutrition, and school dropouts, and enhance the capabilities of mothers to look after the health and nutritional needs of their children 24.


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2.3.8 Uttar Pradesh Mukhyamantri Bal Seva Yojana:
The Uttar Pradesh government has launched the Mukhyamantri Bal Seva Yojana to provide financial assistance and support to children who have lost their parents due to various reasons, including the COVID-19 pandemic 25. The scheme has two main components: the Uttar Pradesh Mukhyamantri Bal Seva Yojana (COVID) and the Uttar Pradesh Mukhyamantri Bal Seva Yojana (General) 25. Under the COVID-specific scheme, financial assistance of ₹4,000 per month is provided to children between the ages of 0 and 18 years who have lost both parents to COVID-19 25. The general scheme provides financial assistance of ₹2,500 per month to children below the age of 18 years who have lost both or either of their parents for reasons other than COVID-19 25. This initiative aims to provide financial support for the maintenance, education, and medical needs of these vulnerable children.


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Uttar Pradesh implements the Niramaya Health Insurance Scheme, a national initiative designed to provide affordable health insurance to persons with specific disabilities covered under the National Trust Act, 1999 26. This scheme offers insurance coverage up to ₹1,00,000 per year for individuals with Autism, Cerebral Palsy, Mental Retardation, and Multiple Disabilities 26. The benefits under the scheme are comprehensive, including coverage for Outpatient Department (OPD) treatments (medicines, pathology, diagnostic tests), regular medical checkups, dental care (preventive dentistry services), alternative medicine treatments, and reimbursement for transportation costs related to medical care 26. All individuals with at least one of the specified disabilities and a valid disability certificate are eligible to enroll in the scheme 26. The enrollment process involves visiting a Registered Organization (RO) with the required documents, and the scheme needs to be renewed annually 26.


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The Uttar Pradesh government provides a Surgical Grant for the Prevention of Disability, a scheme aimed at offering financial assistance up to ₹6,00,000 to poor and helpless disabled persons requiring surgical interventions to prevent or minimize disability 29. This grant covers a wide range of surgical procedures for different types of disabilities, including visual (e.g., intraocular lens implant), hearing (e.g., cochlear implant), orthopedic (e.g., corrective surgeries, prosthesis), and post-leprosy-cured disabilities 29. To be eligible, the applicant or their guardian must have an annual income not exceeding ₹60,000 and must be a permanent resident of Uttar Pradesh or have resided in the state for at least 5 years 29. The application process is offline and involves submitting a completed form along with necessary documents, including a disability certificate and income proof, to the District Disabled Welfare Officer 29.


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2.4.3 Uttar Pradesh Divyangjan Pension Scheme:
The Uttar Pradesh government has launched the Divyangjan Pension Scheme to provide financial assistance to individuals with severe disabilities who are unable to work 30. Under this scheme, eligible individuals with permanent disabilities receive a monthly pension, which helps to alleviate their financial difficulties and supports their day-to-day needs 30. The scheme targets individuals who have a significant disability and are unable to earn a livelihood due to their condition, thereby ensuring a basic level of social security for this vulnerable population 30.


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2.4.4 Assistive Devices and Prosthetics Distribution Scheme:
To enhance the independence and quality of life for persons with disabilities, the Uttar Pradesh government operates a scheme for the distribution of assistive devices and prosthetics 30. This scheme provides essential aids such as hearing aids for individuals with hearing impairments, wheelchairs for those with mobility issues, and artificial limbs for amputees or individuals with limb disabilities 30. These devices are provided either free of cost or at a subsidized rate, ensuring that Divyangjan have access to the tools they need to lead more independent and fulfilling lives 30.


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2.4.5 Uttar Pradesh Disability Rehabilitation Centers:
The Uttar Pradesh government has established Disability Rehabilitation Centers across the state to provide a comprehensive range of services to Divyangjan 30. These centers offer crucial support including physical and occupational therapy to help improve physical and functional capabilities, psychosocial support through counseling and mental health services for individuals and their families, and medical assistance which may include surgeries, prosthetics fitting, and medical check-ups 30. These centers play a vital role in the rehabilitation and empowerment of persons with disabilities by addressing their diverse needs in a coordinated manner.


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2.4.6 Specialized Medical Camps and Rehabilitation Services:
To reach Divyangjan, especially those in rural and remote areas with limited access to healthcare, the Uttar Pradesh government organizes specialized medical camps 30. These camps provide free health check-ups, distribute medical aids and assistive devices, and offer referrals to specialized treatment and rehabilitation centers 30. This initiative is an important part of the government's effort to ensure that individuals with disabilities in underserved areas receive the necessary medical care and support they need 30.


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The Andaman and Nicobar Islands administration launched the Andaman & Nicobar Islands Scheme for Health Insurance (ANISHI) on January 26, 2015 31. This scheme provides cashless medical treatment benefits up to ₹5.00 Lakhs per patient per illness to individuals belonging to Below Poverty Level (BPL)/Priority House Hold, pensioners of A&N Administration who have settled in these Islands after retirement with their dependent family members, and permanent residents whose family annual income is below ₹3.00 Lakhs 31. ANISHI covers both indoor and outdoor treatments at empanelled hospitals, including those outside the Andaman & Nicobar Islands 31. Critically ill patients referred under the scheme for air travel are entitled to reimbursement of the air ticket for the patient and one attendant 31. However, travel expenses are not reimbursed if a beneficiary falls sick during a personal visit to the mainland and requires emergency treatment 31. Eligible patients need to complete codal


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31. However, travel expenses are not reimbursed if a beneficiary falls sick during a personal visit to the mainland and requires emergency treatment 31. Eligible patients need to complete codal formalities at the Nodal Cell (ANISHI) and are typically referred by specialists at GB Pant Hospital, Port Blair 31. The State Nodal Cell processes cases within two days, subject to verification 31.


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3.1.2 Maternity Benefit Scheme (ANBOCWWB):
The Andaman & Nicobar Islands Building and Other Construction Workers Welfare Board (ANBOCWWB) under the Department of Labour, Employment & Training implements the “Maternity Benefit” scheme 32. This scheme provides financial assistance during maternity to registered female construction workers, who receive ₹20,000 32. Male registered construction workers whose wives are 19 years or older and not registered beneficiaries are eligible to receive ₹10,000 as a maternity benefit 32. To be eligible, the beneficiary must be a resident of the Andaman & Nicobar Islands, engaged in building and other construction work, and registered under the ANBOCWWB with active membership for at least one year 32. The assistance is provided through Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT) 32. Applications can be submitted online through the designated portal after registration 32.


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The Dulari Scheme, launched by the Health Department of the Union Territory of Andaman and Nicobar Islands on January 26, 2013, provides financial assistance to girl children at various stages of their lives 33. The scheme offers benefits at birth (₹8,000 for institutional delivery, ₹5,000 for home delivery), upon passing VIIIth standard (₹5,000), Xth standard (₹10,000), XIIth standard (₹10,000), and upon getting married at the age of 21 years (₹5,000) or after 25 years (₹10,000) 33. To be eligible, the applicant must be a domicile of the Union Territory of Andaman & Nicobar Islands and must be a woman or girl child born on or after October 1, 2013, for birth-related incentives 33. Girls aged 0-13 years born before the scheme's implementation and not covered under the old Planned Family Scheme are eligible for educational incentives after passing VIII standard 33. The financial benefits are typically provided as a fixed deposit that cannot be withdrawn until the girl child reaches 18


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are eligible for educational incentives after passing VIII standard 33. The financial benefits are typically provided as a fixed deposit that cannot be withdrawn until the girl child reaches 18 years of age 33. Applications can be submitted online through the e-governance portal 33.


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3.1.4 Andaman & Nicobar Islands Disability Allowance Scheme:
The Directorate of Social Welfare, Union Territory of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, implements the Andaman & Nicobar Islands Disability Allowance Scheme 34. This scheme aims to provide financial assistance to differently abled, unemployed persons who have a disability of 40% or more 34. Further details regarding the eligibility criteria and benefits are not available in the provided snippets.


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3.2.1 Mukhya Mantri Himachal Health Care Scheme (HIMCARE):
While primarily a scheme of the Himachal Pradesh government, the Mukhya Mantri Himachal Health Care Scheme (HIMCARE) extends its benefits to residents who can avail treatment at empanelled hospitals in Chandigarh, specifically PGIMER Chandigarh and GMCH Sector 32 Chandigarh 35. HIMCARE provides cashless treatment coverage up to Rs. 5.00 lakh per year per family in empanelled hospitals 35. The scheme operates on a co-payment basis with differential premium rates based on various categories of beneficiaries, including BPL families, registered street vendors, MNREGA workers, single women, disabled individuals, and others 35. Beneficiaries can enrol online or through Lok Mitra Kendras/Common Service Centers by uploading relevant documents 35.


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3.2.2 Maternity Benefit (CBOCWWB):
The Chandigarh Building and Other Construction Workers Welfare Board (CBOCWWB), under the Labour Department, Chandigarh, has initiated the “Maternity Benefit” scheme 36. Under this scheme, financial assistance of ₹5100 is provided to the spouse of a registered beneficiary woman employee after the delivery of a child 36. The applicant needs to be a registered construction worker with the CBOCWWB. The application process involves online registration on the e-district portal of Chandigarh, followed by applying for the Maternity Benefit scheme under the available services 36. Necessary documents include the registration card, Aadhaar card, and bank passbook 36.


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3.2.3 ICDS Scheme in Chandigarh:
Chandigarh implements the Integrated Child Development Scheme (ICDS) to provide a range of services aimed at improving the health, nutrition, and overall development of children aged 0-6 years, pregnant women, and lactating mothers 23. These services include supplementary nutrition, immunization, health check-ups, referral services, pre-school education, and nutrition & health education 23. The scheme is universal, covering all eligible beneficiaries without any exclusions 23. Services are delivered through Anganwadi Centers by Anganwadi Workers (AWWs) and Anganwadi Helpers (AWHs) at the grassroots level 23. Pregnant women and lactating mothers are often referred by ASHA or MAMTA workers 23. No formal application is typically required; beneficiaries can directly approach the nearest Anganwadi center 23.


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3.2.4 Pension for Disabled Persons in Chandigarh:
The Social Welfare, Women & Child Development Department of Chandigarh administers the “Pension To The Disabled Person” scheme 37. This scheme provides financial support to physically handicapped individuals with a disability of 40% or more who are residents of the Union Territory of Chandigarh for at least 3 years and whose family income does not exceed ₹1.50 lakhs per annum 37. The pension amount is ₹1,000 per annum for persons with a disability range of 40% to 70% and ₹2,000 per annum for those with a disability of more than 70% 37. Applicants need to download the application form, fill it out, and submit it along with required documents such as a disability certificate, residence proof, and income proof to the respective Nodal office or Nagar Nigam office 37.


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3.3.1 NAMO Hospital (Phase I):
The Prime Minister inaugurated NAMO Hospital (Phase I) in Silvassa, Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu 38. This 450-bedded hospital, built at a cost of over Rs 460 crore, aims to significantly strengthen healthcare services in the Union Territory, particularly for the tribal communities in the region 38. The hospital is expected to provide state-of-the-art medical care to the people 38.


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The Building and Other Construction Workers Welfare Board, under the Labour Department of the U.T. Administration of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu, implements the “Health and Maternity Cover for the Construction Workers” scheme 39. This scheme provides cash benefits for maternity: ₹30,000 per delivery for male members and ₹40,000 per delivery for female workers, limited to the first two deliveries 39. Additionally, registered construction workers are enrolled under the Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (PM-JAY) for extended health coverage 39. To be eligible, the applicant must be a resident of the U.T., employed as a building or construction worker aged between 18 and 60 years, and must have worked for at least 90 days in a year 39. Applicants need to be registered members of the Welfare Board 39. Applications for registration and for the welfare scheme need to be submitted to the authorized officer of the Board 39.


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3.3.3 Pension Scheme to Disabled Persons (Divyangjan):
The Social Welfare Department, UT of Dadra & Nagar Haveli and Daman & Diu, implements the “Pension Scheme to Disabled Persons (Divyangjan)” 40. This scheme provides a monthly financial assistance of ₹1,000 to eligible beneficiaries to cater to their basic needs and ensure social security 40. Eligible applicants should be domiciles of the districts, aged between 18 and 59 years, have a disability of 80% or above, and an annual family income not exceeding ₹1.5 lakhs 40. They should not be availing financial assistance under any other Divyang pension schemes 40. The pension is disbursed through Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT) 40. Application forms can be collected from the office of the District Panchayat or Municipal Council or downloaded from the official website 40.


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3.3.4 Swabhimaan Scheme:
The Union Territory of Daman & Diu and Dadra & Nagar Haveli launched the “Swabhimaan Scheme” to address malnutrition, anemia, and related issues 41. Under this scheme, a take-home ration (7.5kgs nutritious) is provided every month to Pregnant Women, Lactating Mothers, and adolescent girls in the age group of 11-14 years 41. The scheme builds on the Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) by providing supplementary nutrition as a take-home ration instead of cooked meals at Anganwadis 41. All pregnant women, lactating mothers, and adolescent girls of the Union Territory are eligible for the benefits 41. Beneficiaries need to visit the nearest Anganwadi Centre or contact the Social Welfare Department to enroll 41.


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3.3.5 4C Project Beti Janmahotsav:
The Health Department of the UT of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu launched the “4C Project Beti Janmahotsav” to tackle anemia and malnutrition, particularly in women and children 42. This project aims to reduce anemia levels in different age groups through collaborative community care and leveraging CSR funds 43. Interventions include providing take-home rations for severely anemic children and non-pregnant women, distributing double fortified salt, establishing moringa parks, and providing health care education 43. The project adopts a village-wise approach 43.


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The Delhi government has recently decided to implement the Ayushman Bharat Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (AB-PMJAY) 44. The government is set to sign a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with the National Health Authority (NHA) to officially roll out the scheme 44. This decision will enable approximately 6.54 lakh eligible families in Delhi to access the Centre's health insurance scheme, which offers an annual cashless healthcare coverage of up to Rs 5 lakh for specified secondary and tertiary care hospitalization 45. The coverage extends to all family members, regardless of their age 45. This implementation follows the Union Cabinet's decision to extend health coverage under AB PM-JAY to all citizens aged 70 years and above, irrespective of their income, with an additional individual top-up cover for senior citizens from families already enrolled 45. Registration for the scheme is expected to begin soon after the MoU is signed 45.


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3.4.2 BJP Manifesto Promises:
In the lead-up to the Delhi elections, the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) had announced several welfare measures in its manifesto 46. These promises included a one-time financial assistance of Rs 21,000 and six nutritional kits to pregnant women under the Mukhya Mantri Matritva Suraksha Yojana 46. The manifesto also mentioned a Mahila Samriddhi Yojana providing Rs 2,500 per month to women, a Rs 500 subsidy on LPG cylinders, and an additional health cover of Rs 5 lakh for senior citizens under the Ayushman Bharat scheme 46. It is important to note that these were election promises, and their current implementation status would require further verification.


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3.4.3 National Health Mission (NHM) Initiatives:
Delhi also benefits from various programs and schemes run under the National Health Mission (NHM) 10. These include initiatives under Reproductive, Maternal, Neonatal, Child and Adolescent health, such as Janani Shishu Suraksha Karyakaram (JSSK), Rashtriya Kishor Swasthya Karyakram (RKSK), Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram (RBSK), Universal Immunisation Programme, Mission Indradhanush (MI), Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY), Pradhan Mantri Surakshit Matritva Abhiyan (PMSMA), and Navjaat Shishu Suraksha Karyakram (NSSK) 10. Additionally, national nutritional programs like the National Iodine Deficiency Disorders Control Programme and the MAA (Mothers' Absolute Affection) Programme for Infant and Young Child Feeding are implemented 10. The NHM also supports various disease control programs 10.


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3.4.4 Delhi Disability Pension Scheme:
The Delhi government operates the Delhi Disability Pension Scheme, also known as "Delhi Financial Assistance for Persons with Special Needs" 50. This scheme provides a monthly pension of Rs. 2,500 to eligible disabled persons 50. To be eligible, the applicant should be a resident of Delhi for 5 years, have a disability of 40% or above, should not be more than 60 years of age, and the annual family income should not exceed Rs. 1,00,000 50. The applicant should also not be a recipient of any other government financial assistance 50. The scheme covers various disabilities, including low vision, blindness, hearing impairment, leprosy-cured persons, cerebral palsy, locomotor disability, and intellectual disability 50. Eligible beneficiaries can apply online through the Delhi E-District Portal or offline by obtaining the application form from the District Social Welfare Department Office 50.


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3.5.1 Ayushman Bharat PM-JAY SEHAT Scheme:
The government of Jammu and Kashmir has implemented the Ayushman Bharat PM-JAY SEHAT Scheme, which provides a healthcare insurance cover of ₹5 lakh to every resident family in the Union Territory 51. This scheme marks a significant step towards universal health coverage in the region, ensuring that all residents, regardless of their socio-economic status, have access to quality healthcare services 51. As per the Ayushman Bharat website, 20 lakh families have been covered under this scheme 51. The scheme offers a family floater insurance with a sum insured of Rs. 5 lakh per family per year, covering secondary and tertiary care hospitalization 52. It also facilitates cashless healthcare at both public and private network hospitals and covers pre and post-hospitalization expenses 52.


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3.5.2 Maternity Benefit for Female Workers (JKBOCWWB):
The Building and Other Construction Workers Welfare Board, Labour Department, Jammu & Kashmir, provides financial assistance to registered female construction workers during maternity under the "Maternity Benefit for Female Workers" scheme 53. Eligible female beneficiaries receive ₹5,000 for up to two children, provided they have been engaged in building or construction work for at least 90 days in the preceding 12 months and their registration is renewed annually 53. Applicants need to be registered female members of the Welfare Board and their membership must be active at the time of application 53. Applications can be submitted online through the official website of the Jammu & Kashmir Building and Other Construction Workers Welfare Board 53.


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3.5.3 National Health Mission (NHM) Initiatives:
Similar to other states and union territories, Jammu and Kashmir also implements various programs under the National Health Mission (NHM) 10. These include schemes focused on reproductive, maternal, neonatal, child, and adolescent health, as well as national nutritional programs and disease control initiatives 10. These programs aim to strengthen the healthcare system and improve health outcomes across different segments of the population.


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3.5.4 Integrated Social Security Scheme (ISSS) & National Social Assistance Programme (NSAP):
The Jammu & Kashmir government implements the Integrated Social Security Scheme (ISSS), which provides financial assistance to various vulnerable groups, including persons with disabilities having more than 40% disability who are living below the poverty line 54. The current assistance provided is ₹1000 per month 54. Additionally, the Department implements the National Social Assistance Programme (NSAP), a centrally sponsored scheme for people below the poverty line 54. Under NSAP, the Indira Gandhi National Disability Pension Scheme (IGNDPS) provides a pension of ₹1000 per month to BPL persons with severe or multiple disabilities in the age group of 18 to 79 years with a disability of more than 40% 54. The pension amount under both schemes is disbursed to the beneficiary through EBT into their account 54.


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3.6.1 Universal Health Care Scheme:
The Union Territory Administration of Ladakh has introduced a Universal Health Care Scheme for all its citizens, in addition to the Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (PMJAY) 55. This scheme is fully funded by the Ladakh administration and aims to ensure quality healthcare for residents, especially those living in remote and hilly areas 55. This initiative demonstrates a strong commitment to providing comprehensive healthcare coverage to all residents of Ladakh, addressing potential gaps in the national PMJAY scheme 55.


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3.6.2 Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana Yojana (PMMVY):
Ladakh also implements the Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana Yojana (PMMVY), a maternity benefit scheme under the Ministry of Women and Child Development 19. PMMVY provides financial support to pregnant and lactating mothers for the first child to improve their health and nutrition, as well as to compensate for wage loss 19. A benefit of ₹5000 is given for the first child in two installments, and ₹6000 is given for the second child (if a girl child) in a single installment after childbirth and completion of universal immunization within 14 weeks 19. Eligible women can apply online through the PMMVY portal or with the assistance of the nearest Anganwadi worker/ASHA worker 19.


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3.6.3 ICDS - Integrated Child Development Scheme:
The Integrated Child Development Scheme (ICDS) is operational in Ladakh, under the administrative control of the Mission Director ICDS Ladakh 24. ICDS provides nutritional needs, pre-school education, and primary healthcare, immunization, and health check-up and referral services to children under 6 years of age and their mothers 24. The objectives of ICDS include improving the nutritional and health status of children, laying the foundation for their overall development, reducing mortality, morbidity, and malnutrition, and enhancing the capabilities of mothers to look after their children's health and nutrition 24. Major schemes functioning under ICDS in Ladakh include the Supplementary Nutrition Programme (SNP), PMMVY, and POSHAN Abhiyan 24.


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3.6.4 Pension Scheme for Physically Challenged Persons:
The Social and Tribal Welfare Department of the Administration of the Union Territory of Ladakh implements a Pension Scheme for Physically Challenged Persons as a sub-component of the Integrated Social Security Scheme (IGSSS) 57. This scheme provides a monthly pension of ₹1,000 to poor physically handicapped persons, including those who are blind, deaf, or dumb, with a disability of 40% or more, who are permanent residents of Ladakh, belong to the Below Poverty Line (BPL) category, are within the age range of 18 to 79 years, and have no source of income 57. Eligible individuals can apply online through the Ladakh E-Seva Platform or offline at designated offices 57.


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3.7.1 Government Hospitals and Ayushman Bharat PM-JAY:
Government hospitals in Lakshadweep offer multi-specialty care, emergency services, and free treatments under government schemes like Ayushman Bharat PM-JAY 58. Key government hospitals include Indira Gandhi Hospital in Kavaratti, Rajiv Gandhi Speciality Hospital in Agatti, and Government Hospital in Minicoy 58. These hospitals provide a range of services, including general medicine, surgery, pediatrics, gynecology, dialysis, and ICU services 58.


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3.7.2 Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY), Janani Shishu Suraksha Karyakram (JSSK), Pradhan Mantri Surakshit Matritva Abhiyan (PMSMA), Surakshit Matritva Aashwasan (SUMAN), Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana Yojana (PMMVY):
The Government of India has launched several schemes for the welfare and assistance of pregnant women, and these are applicable to Lakshadweep as well 14. These include Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY) to promote institutional delivery, Janani Shishu Suraksha Karyakram (JSSK) for free delivery and related services in public health institutions, Pradhan Mantri Surakshit Matritva Abhiyan (PMSMA) for assured antenatal check-ups, Surakshit Matritva Aashwasan (SUMAN) for quality healthcare at no cost, and Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana Yojana (PMMVY) for maternity benefits 14.


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3.7.3 ICDS and Anganwadi Services Scheme:
Lakshadweep has an Integrated Child Development Scheme (ICDS) in place, with Anganwadi centers serving as key delivery points for various services aimed at children and mothers 59. These centers provide pre-school education, supplementary nutrition, immunization, health check-ups, and nutrition and health education 61. The Department of Women and Child Development in Lakshadweep oversees these activities 60.


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3.7.4 Financial Assistance for Handicapped Children:
The government of Lakshadweep provides financial assistance to parents of mentally challenged children to alleviate their financial burdens 63. The amount of assistance depends on individual assessments and needs determined by relevant authorities 63. Applications can be submitted to local government offices or through social welfare departments 63.


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3.7.5 Pension to Old Destitute Widows Physically Handicapped and Mentally Retarded Persons:
Lakshadweep has a pension scheme for old aged, destitute widows, physically handicapped, and mentally retarded persons 64. During the XIth Plan period, the proposed pension amount was ₹500 per month 64. The Social Welfare Department implements various welfare schemes for the benefit of persons with disabilities 65.


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3.7.6 Implementation of PWD Act/ National policy for persons with Disabilities and Aid to handicapped persons:
The Social Welfare Department in Lakshadweep is responsible for the implementation of the PWD Act 1995 and provides aid to handicapped persons 64. This includes the provision of artificial limbs, wheelchairs, tricycles, hearing aids, and financial assistance for specialized treatment at the mainland 64. The department also facilitates employment opportunities for handicapped persons at the island level 64. Additionally, a monthly pension of ₹1500 is provided to differently abled individuals 65. The department also runs day care centers for children with special needs and assists in the issuance of UDID cards 65.


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3.8.1 KULAVILAKKU Scheme:
The Department of Women and Child Development, Government of Puducherry, implements the "KULAVILAKKU" scheme for pregnant women 67. This scheme aims to enhance the nutritional status of pregnant women by providing ₹500 financial assistance during pregnancy, for up to two pregnancies 67. To be eligible, the applicant should be an Indian citizen, a native of Puducherry by birth or continuous residence of not less than 5 years, a woman, pregnant, have attained the age of 18 years, have crossed seven months of pregnancy, and have an annual income not exceeding ₹24,000 67. Applications are accepted offline at the Office/Sub-Office of the Department of Women and Child Development 67.


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3.8.2 Maternity Benefit Scheme (PULWS):
The "Maternity Benefit Scheme (PULWS)" is a welfare scheme for unorganized workers in Puducherry, administered by the "Puducherry Unorganised Labourers' Welfare Society" 68. The scheme provides a maternity benefit of ₹4,000 to the member or spouse of the member, for not more than two children 68. The amount is credited through Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT) into the bank account 68. Eligible applicants should be enrolled with the Puducherry Unorganised Labourers' Welfare Society, aged between 18 and 59 years, and have paid the annual subscription and registration fee 68. Applications are accepted offline at the Office of the Puducherry Unorganised Labourer's Welfare Society 68.


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3.8.3 Balika Samrithi Yojana:
The Department of Women & Child Development, Government of Pondicherry, introduced the “Balika Samrithi Yojana” to improve the status of the girl child and provide nutritious food 69. The scheme provides assistance of ₹500 in the form of a National Savings Certificate to lactating mothers for girl children born on or after August 15, 1997 69. Eligibility criteria include the girl child being born on or after the specified date, the annual family income not exceeding ₹15,000, and the applicant being a native of Puducherry by birth or continuous residence for not less than 3 years 69. Applications need to be submitted offline at the Office/Sub-Office of the Department of Women and Child Development 69.


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3.8.4 Grant of Financial Assistance to Differently Abled Person:
The Department of Social Welfare, Government of Puducherry, implements the scheme “Grant of Financial Assistance to Differently Abled Person” to provide monthly financial assistance to Persons with Disability to maintain their minimum standard of living 70. The monthly assistance ranges from ₹2000 to ₹3800 based on the disability percentage and age 70. To be eligible, the applicant should be a native/resident of Puducherry for at least 5 years, have an annual income not exceeding ₹75,000, and have a disability of 40% and above for orthopedically, deaf, dumb, or blind individuals, or an IQ below 69 for the mentally retarded 70. Applications can be submitted offline at the specified offices of the Social Welfare Department 70. The varying levels of financial support based on the severity of disability and age acknowledge the diverse needs within the disabled population.


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The analysis of healthcare and wellbeing schemes across Uttar Pradesh and the Union Territories reveals a comprehensive yet diverse landscape of government initiatives. Uttar Pradesh demonstrates a strong commitment to universal health coverage through its convergence with the national Ayushman Bharat scheme, alongside state-specific programs addressing maternal and child health, as well as the needs of government employees and disabled individuals. The Union Territories exhibit a range of approaches tailored to their specific contexts. Andaman and Nicobar Islands and Ladakh have implemented their own comprehensive health insurance schemes, highlighting their focus on providing financial protection for healthcare to their residents, particularly given their geographical challenges. Chandigarh and Delhi, being more urbanized, show a mix of national and UT-specific schemes, with Delhi recently integrating the Ayushman Bharat program. Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu have specific


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and Delhi, being more urbanized, show a mix of national and UT-specific schemes, with Delhi recently integrating the Ayushman Bharat program. Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu have specific schemes targeting construction workers and nutritional needs, alongside national programs. Lakshadweep and Puducherry, with their unique demographic and socio-economic profiles, offer a blend of national schemes and UT-specific financial assistance programs for vulnerable populations like handicapped children and pregnant women.


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Overall, there is a significant emphasis on national programs like Ayushman Bharat, NHM initiatives, and schemes for maternal and child health (PMSMA, SUMAN, JSY, JSSK, PMMVY) across both Uttar Pradesh and the Union Territories. This indicates a nationwide commitment to these key healthcare priorities. However, the presence of region-specific schemes highlights the efforts of individual states and UTs to address their unique challenges and cater to the specific needs of their populations, such as the e-voucher scheme in Uttar Pradesh for diagnostics or the universal healthcare scheme in Ladakh. The varying eligibility criteria and benefits across different schemes and regions suggest a nuanced understanding of the diverse healthcare needs and socio-economic conditions prevalent in India. Further analysis could focus on the utilization and impact of these schemes to identify best practices and areas for improvement in ensuring equitable and effective healthcare access for all citizens.


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Swavlamban Health Insurance scheme for persons with disabilities: An experiential account - PMC - PubMed Central, accessed on March 25, 2025, https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6657542/


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Major Schemes for Empowerment and Welfare of Divyangjan in Uttar Pradesh, accessed on March 25, 2025, https://uppcsmagazine.com/major-schemes-for-empowerment-and-welfare-of-divyangjan-in-uttar-pradesh/


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Andaman & Nicobar Islands Scheme for Health Insurance - myScheme, accessed on March 25, 2025, https://www.myscheme.gov.in/schemes/anishi


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Apply for Maternity Benefits Under ANBOCWWB in Andaman & Nicobar, accessed on March 25, 2025, https://www.egovtschemes.com/maternity-benefit-anbocwwb/


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Dulari Scheme 2025 - Financial Assistance for Girl Children in Andaman & Nicobar Islands, accessed on March 25, 2025, https://www.egovtschemes.com/dulari-scheme/


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About HIMCARE - Himachal Pradesh Swasthya Bima Yojana Society, accessed on March 25, 2025, https://www.hpsbys.in/content/mmmn


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Maternity Benefit (CBOCWWB) - myScheme, accessed on March 25, 2025, https://www.myscheme.gov.in/schemes/mbcbocwwb


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Pension for Disabled Persons in Chandigarh: ₹1,000 to ₹2,000 Annually for Eligible Applicants - Government Schemes, accessed on March 25, 2025, https://www.egovtschemes.com/pension-to-the-disabled-person/


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Maternity Assistance and Health Insurance for Construction Workers in Daman and Diu - Government Schemes, accessed on March 25, 2025, https://www.egovtschemes.com/health-and-maternity-cover-for-the-construction-workers/


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Swabhimaan Scheme - myScheme, accessed on March 25, 2025, https://www.myscheme.gov.in/schemes/ss-dadra-and-nagar-haveli-and-daman-and-diu


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Madhya Pradesh has established a multifaceted framework of healthcare and wellbeing schemes designed to support its diverse population, encompassing normal state citizens, pregnant women, children (including infants), and individuals with disabilities. This analysis reveals a dual approach, effectively integrating national initiatives with state-specific programs to address a wide range of healthcare needs and promote overall wellbeing. Key schemes such as Ayushman Bharat, implemented as 'Niramayam' within the state, form the cornerstone of this framework, providing a significant health insurance safety net. Simultaneously, targeted programs address the specific vulnerabilities and requirements of pregnant women, children, and disabled individuals, reflecting a comprehensive commitment to social welfare. This report delves into the details of these schemes, outlining their eligibility criteria, benefits, and intended impact on their respective beneficiary groups, highlighting the


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to social welfare. This report delves into the details of these schemes, outlining their eligibility criteria, benefits, and intended impact on their respective beneficiary groups, highlighting the state's ongoing efforts to ensure healthcare access and improve the quality of life for its citizens. Further investigation into the implementation and effectiveness of these schemes could provide valuable insights for future policy enhancements.


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Madhya Pradesh offers several healthcare schemes accessible to its general population, aiming to provide financial protection against health expenditures and ensure access to medical services.


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2.1 Ayushman Bharat Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (AB-PMJAY) and 'Niramayam':
Ayushman Bharat Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (AB-PMJAY), a flagship initiative by the Government of India, represents the world's largest health assurance scheme. Its primary objective is to provide a health cover of ₹5 lakh per family annually, catering to secondary and tertiary care hospitalization 1. Eligibility for this scheme is determined based on specific deprivation and occupational criteria as per the Socio-Economic Caste Census 2011 (SECC 2011) for both rural and urban populations 1. In Madhya Pradesh, AB-PMJAY is also known and actively implemented as 'Niramayam' 3. This state-level adoption underscores the commitment of the Madhya Pradesh government to this national health insurance program.


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The scheme facilitates cashless access to a vast network of empanelled hospitals, including both public and private facilities, across the nation 1. The comprehensive benefits package includes coverage for a wide spectrum of medical needs, such as medical examinations, treatments, consultations, pre-hospitalization expenses, necessary medications, medical consumables, intensive and non-intensive care services, diagnostic and laboratory investigations, essential medical implantation services, accommodation during hospitalization, provided food services, management of complications arising during treatment, and post-hospitalization follow-up care for a period of up to 15 days 1.


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A significant expansion of AB-PMJAY's scope includes extending health coverage to all senior citizens aged 70 years and above, irrespective of their socio-economic status 2. This universalization of healthcare access for the elderly demographic, regardless of their financial background, marks a crucial step towards ensuring their wellbeing and reducing potential financial burdens associated with healthcare needs in their advanced years. The proactive adoption and state-level branding of AB-PMJAY as 'Niramayam' in Madhya Pradesh 3 clearly indicate a strong alignment with the national vision of providing accessible and affordable healthcare for a large segment of its population. This initiative provides a crucial financial safety net, protecting numerous families from the potentially catastrophic costs of medical emergencies.


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2.2 Deendayal Antyodaya Upchar Yojana:
The Deendayal Antyodaya Upchar Yojana, launched by the state government of Madhya Pradesh in September 2004, stands as a significant initiative to provide free medical treatment and essential investigation facilities within government hospitals to the state's underprivileged families 6. Initially, the scheme's benefits were primarily directed towards individuals belonging to Scheduled Castes (SC) and Scheduled Tribes (ST). However, recognizing the broader need for healthcare support among economically weaker sections, the scheme's eligibility was subsequently expanded to include all families falling under the Below Poverty Line (BPL) category 6. Furthermore, the scheme extends its coverage to families holding Nirman Shramik cards and Mukhya Mantri Mazdoor Suraksha cards, as well as members of primitive tribal groups, ensuring a wider reach to vulnerable populations 6.


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Under this scheme, eligible families are entitled to receive medical treatments and investigation facilities free of charge, up to an annual limit of ₹20,000 per family. In cases involving serious illnesses that necessitate more extensive medical intervention, this coverage limit is extended to ₹30,000 6. The benefits of the scheme are specifically available to patients who are hospitalized in government healthcare facilities 6. To facilitate access to these services, the scheme issues a family health card to each beneficiary family 6. This card serves as an essential document for availing the free medical treatments and investigation facilities offered under the Deendayal Antyodaya Upchar Yojana. This initiative underscores the state's commitment to social security by ensuring that marginalized communities have access to necessary medical care, thereby mitigating the risk of financial hardship due to health-related expenses.


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2.3 Rajya Bimari Sahayata Nidhi:
Established in 1997, the Rajya Bimari Sahayata Nidhi scheme in Madhya Pradesh was specifically created with the primary goal of offering enhanced medical treatment facilities to individuals and families living Below the Poverty Line (BPL) within the state 9. This program was initiated with a substantial budget of ₹10 crores, demonstrating the government's commitment to addressing the healthcare needs of its most vulnerable citizens 9. The scheme is designed to provide financial assistance for the treatment of major and critical illnesses that often require surgical intervention, including conditions such as cancer, breast surgery, renal surgery, hip replacement, knee replacement, spinal surgery, complicated deliveries, heart surgery, renal detachment, and neurosurgery 9.


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The financial aid provided under the Rajya Bimari Sahayata Nidhi varies depending on the specific disease and its criticality, with assistance amounts ranging from ₹25,000 up to ₹1.5 lakh. In certain cases of extreme medical necessity, the financial support can potentially extend up to ₹2 lakh 10. To access the benefits of this scheme, eligible individuals typically need to apply through the office of the Chief Medical and Health Officer (CMHO), submitting relevant documents such as a detailed treatment estimate from the hospital and proof of their BPL status 10. This scheme serves as a vital financial lifeline for BPL families who are confronted with the high costs associated with treating severe and life-threatening diseases, ensuring that financial constraints do not become an insurmountable barrier to accessing necessary medical care.


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Launched in 2012, the Sampoorna Swasthya Sabke liye Yojna (Health for All Scheme) in Madhya Pradesh was introduced with the core objective of ensuring the active participation of the state's poor population in the healthcare delivery system 9. This initiative aims to bring every small village within the purview of the Madhya Pradesh health department, thereby enhancing healthcare access and awareness at the grassroots level 9. A key component of the scheme involves providing basic healthcare training to villagers, equipping them with the knowledge and skills to effectively combat common health problems within their communities 9. To facilitate the implementation of this widespread healthcare network, the scheme mobilizes a significant workforce, including approximately one lakh health workers such as ASHAs (Accredited Social Health Activists), ANMs (Auxiliary Nurse Midwives), and Anganwadi workers. Additionally, the scheme relies on the active involvement of members from around six


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such as ASHAs (Accredited Social Health Activists), ANMs (Auxiliary Nurse Midwives), and Anganwadi workers. Additionally, the scheme relies on the active involvement of members from around six lakh Village Health Committees, fostering a community-driven approach to healthcare management and promotion 9. This comprehensive strategy underscores the government's commitment to building a more inclusive and participatory healthcare system, particularly in rural areas where access to formal medical facilities might be limited.


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The Deen Dayal Mobile Health Clinic scheme, a special initiative by the government of Madhya Pradesh, was launched in May 2006 with the primary aim of expanding the reach of essential medical services to the state's remote tribal areas 9. These regions are often characterized by a lack of access to modern medical facilities, making it challenging for residents to obtain timely and adequate healthcare. Since its inception, the scheme has established a network of 92 mobile health clinics that are currently operational across various tribal areas in Madhya Pradesh 9. These mobile clinics are equipped with the necessary infrastructure and staffed by qualified medical professionals, including a doctor, a nurse, a lab attendant, and a pharmacist 12. The core function of these clinics is to provide free-of-cost healthcare facilities to the poor and needy individuals residing in these underserved tribal regions 9. The services offered typically include medical consultations, basic health


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provide free-of-cost healthcare facilities to the poor and needy individuals residing in these underserved tribal regions 9. The services offered typically include medical consultations, basic health check-ups, and the provision of essential medicines, all provided free of charge to the patients 13. Furthermore, in cases where patients require more specialized medical attention or hospitalization due to serious illnesses, the scheme also facilitates their referral and transportation to higher-level healthcare facilities such as block or district-level hospitals 13. This mobile healthcare approach directly addresses the issue of geographical inaccessibility, ensuring that quality healthcare reaches even the most remote and disadvantaged populations within the state.


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The National Health Mission (NHM) stands as a flagship program initiated by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, with the overarching goal of strengthening the healthcare systems across all states and union territories, including Madhya Pradesh 14. The fundamental aim of the NHM is to ensure universal access to healthcare services that are equitable, affordable, and of high quality for all individuals who utilize public health facilities 14. To achieve this, the NHM provides both technical expertise and substantial financial support to state governments, enabling them to implement and enhance various healthcare programs and initiatives 14. The mission encompasses a wide range of crucial programmatic components, including initiatives focused on Reproductive, Maternal, Neonatal, Child, and Adolescent Health (RMNCH+A), which address the specific healthcare needs of women and children 14. Furthermore, the NHM supports comprehensive programs for the effective


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Neonatal, Child, and Adolescent Health (RMNCH+A), which address the specific healthcare needs of women and children 14. Furthermore, the NHM supports comprehensive programs for the effective control and management of both communicable diseases, such as tuberculosis and malaria, and non-communicable diseases, including diabetes and cardiovascular conditions 14. The NHM also plays a pivotal role in supporting other vital healthcare infrastructure and service delivery mechanisms, such as the establishment and operationalization of Ayushman Arogya Mandirs (Health and Wellness Centres) at the primary healthcare level, the strengthening of national ambulance services to ensure timely medical transportation, the deployment of mobile medical units to reach underserved populations, and the engagement and empowerment of Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs) to facilitate community-level health interventions 15. Through its multifaceted approach, the NHM serves as a critical backbone for


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and empowerment of Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs) to facilitate community-level health interventions 15. Through its multifaceted approach, the NHM serves as a critical backbone for the healthcare system in Madhya Pradesh, facilitating the implementation of numerous targeted schemes and contributing significantly to the improvement of public health indicators across the state.


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The State Illness Assistance Fund (SIAF) has been established by the Madhya Pradesh government to provide crucial financial assistance to individuals living below the poverty line who are in need of major surgical procedures and treatments for a defined set of 13 critical diseases 17. This fund serves as a vital resource for those who cannot afford the often substantial costs associated with such medical interventions. The financial support provided by SIAF is intended to help these individuals access necessary medical care both within the state and, if required, at specialized medical centers located outside of Madhya Pradesh 17. The fund was created through a dedicated grant from the state government, and the allocated amount is securely maintained in a nationalized bank, ensuring its availability for eligible beneficiaries 17. This initiative directly addresses the financial vulnerabilities of the poorest segments of the population when faced with severe health conditions that


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availability for eligible beneficiaries 17. This initiative directly addresses the financial vulnerabilities of the poorest segments of the population when faced with severe health conditions that necessitate costly surgical treatments, thereby improving their access to potentially life-saving medical care.


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<table><tr><td>Scheme Name</td><td>Target Beneficiaries</td><td>Key Benefits</td></tr><tr><td>Ayushman Bharat Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (AB-PMJAY) / Niramayam</td><td>Primarily based on SECC 2011 deprivation and occupational criteria; all senior citizens above 70</td><td>₹5 lakh health cover per family per year for secondary and tertiary hospitalization; cashless access at empanelled hospitals</td></tr><tr><td>Deendayal Antyodaya Upchar Yojana</td><td>BPL families, Nirman Shramik card holders, Mukhya Mantri Mazdoor Suraksha card holders, primitive tribal groups</td><td>Free medical treatment and investigation in government hospitals up to ₹20,000 annually (₹30,000 for serious illnesses)</td></tr><tr><td>Rajya Bimari Sahayata Nidhi</td><td>BPL population</td><td>Financial assistance (₹25,000 to ₹1.5/2 lakh) for major surgeries for specified critical illnesses</td></tr><tr><td>Sampoorna Swasthya Sabke liye Yojna</td><td>Poor people in Madhya Pradesh</td><td>Aims for active participation in healthcare; basic healthcare training to villagers; involves health workers and Village Health Committees</td></tr><tr><td>Deen Dayal Mobile Health Clinic</td><td>Poor people in remote tribal areas</td><td>Free healthcare facilities through mobile clinics; consultations, basic check-ups, and free medicines</td></tr><tr><td>National Health Mission (NHM)</td><td>General population accessing public health facilities</td><td>Supports various programs including RMNCH+A, disease control, ambulance services, ASHAs, and Health and Wellness Centres</td></tr><tr><td>State Illness Assistance Fund (SIAF)</td><td>BPL individuals</td><td>Financial assistance for major surgical procedures for 13 specified critical diseases</td></tr></table>


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Scheme Name Target Beneficiaries Key Benefits Ayushman Bharat Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (AB-PMJAY) / Niramayam Primarily based on SECC 2011 deprivation and occupational criteria; all senior citizens above 70 ₹5 lakh health cover per family per year for secondary and tertiary hospitalization; cashless access at empanelled hospitals Deendayal Antyodaya Upchar Yojana BPL families, Nirman Shramik card holders, Mukhya Mantri Mazdoor Suraksha card holders, primitive tribal groups Free medical treatment and investigation in government hospitals up to ₹20,000 annually (₹30,000 for serious illnesses) Rajya Bimari Sahayata Nidhi BPL population Financial assistance (₹25,000 to ₹1.5/2 lakh) for major surgeries for specified critical illnesses Sampoorna Swasthya Sabke liye Yojna Poor people in Madhya Pradesh Aims for active participation in healthcare; basic healthcare training to villagers; involves health workers and Village Health Committees Deen Dayal Mobile Health Clinic Poor people in


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Pradesh Aims for active participation in healthcare; basic healthcare training to villagers; involves health workers and Village Health Committees Deen Dayal Mobile Health Clinic Poor people in remote tribal areas Free healthcare facilities through mobile clinics; consultations, basic check-ups, and free medicines National Health Mission (NHM) General population accessing public health facilities Supports various programs including RMNCH+A, disease control, ambulance services, ASHAs, and Health and Wellness Centres State Illness Assistance Fund (SIAF) BPL individuals Financial assistance for major surgical procedures for 13 specified critical diseases


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Madhya Pradesh has implemented several schemes specifically aimed at improving the health and wellbeing of pregnant women, focusing on safe motherhood and reducing maternal and infant mortality rates.


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3.1 Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY): (Covered in detail in section 2.6 under NHM as it's a national program implemented in MP).


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3.2 Janani Shishu Suraksha Karyakram (JSSK): (Covered in detail in section 2.6 under NHM as it's a national program implemented in MP).


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3.3 Pradhan Mantri Surakshit Matritva Abhiyan (PMSMA): (Covered in detail in section 2.6 under NHM as it's a national program implemented in MP).


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3.4 Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana Yojana (PMMVY): (Covered in detail in section 2.6 under NHM as it's a national program implemented in MP, with potential state-level variations).


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Launched in 2003, the Vijaya Raje Janani Kalyan Bima Yojna is a state-specific initiative in Madhya Pradesh designed to specifically address the issue of high maternal mortality rates by promoting institutional deliveries among women belonging to Below Poverty Line (BPL) families 9. The scheme offers a range of monetary incentives and benefits to encourage pregnant women to seek professional medical care during childbirth. These incentives include the provision of free normal delivery services at accredited private hospitals, thereby expanding the options available to BPL women beyond public healthcare facilities 9. Additionally, the scheme offers a financial discount of ₹1000 on the cost of Cesarean deliveries at pre-fixed prices in empanelled private hospitals, making this potentially life-saving procedure more accessible 9. For women who choose to deliver in government hospitals, the scheme provides a monetary incentive of ₹1000 to help with incidental expenses 9. Recognizing the


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life-saving procedure more accessible 9. For women who choose to deliver in government hospitals, the scheme provides a monetary incentive of ₹1000 to help with incidental expenses 9. Recognizing the tragic event of maternal death during or due to pregnancy-related causes, the scheme also includes a provision for compensation amounting to ₹50,000 to the affected family 9. To ensure the effective implementation and timely processing of claims under this scheme, the state government has entrusted the responsibility to the United India Insurance Co.Ltd., leveraging their extensive network and expertise in claims settlement 9. This proactive approach by the Madhya Pradesh government underscores its commitment to reducing maternal mortality and ensuring safer childbirth for women from economically disadvantaged backgrounds.


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3.6 Surakshit Matritva Aashwasan (SUMAN) Yojana: (Covered in detail in section 2.6 under NHM as it's a national program likely implemented in MP).


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The Janani Express Yojna is a state-level scheme operating in Madhya Pradesh that focuses on ensuring timely access to healthcare facilities for pregnant women 9. Recognizing that delays in reaching medical care during pregnancy and childbirth can have serious consequences, this scheme provides a dedicated, round-the-clock transportation service for expectant mothers. This 24-hour transport facility is designed to promptly bring pregnant women to the nearest appropriate healthcare facility, ensuring they receive the necessary medical attention without delay 9. The transportation services are typically arranged at the local level through contractual agreements, often involving the outsourcing of vehicles and drivers to ensure availability across the state 9. By addressing the critical barrier of transportation, particularly in rural and remote areas, the Janani Express Yojna plays a vital role in improving maternal and infant health outcomes by facilitating timely access to


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barrier of transportation, particularly in rural and remote areas, the Janani Express Yojna plays a vital role in improving maternal and infant health outcomes by facilitating timely access to institutional deliveries and essential obstetric care.


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3.8 Reproductive and Child Health (RCH) Programme: (Covered in detail in section 4 as it encompasses both mothers and children).


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<table><tr><td>Scheme Name</td><td>Target Beneficiaries</td><td>Key Benefits</td></tr><tr><td>Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY)</td><td>Poor pregnant women</td><td>Cash assistance for institutional delivery</td></tr><tr><td>Janani Shishu Suraksha Karyakram (JSSK)</td><td>All pregnant women delivering in public health institutions</td><td>Free and no-expense delivery, including C-section, drugs, diagnostics, blood, diet, and transport</td></tr><tr><td>Pradhan Mantri Surakshit Matritva Abhiyan (PMSMA)</td><td>All pregnant women</td><td>Free, assured, comprehensive, and quality antenatal care on the 9th of every month</td></tr><tr><td>Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana Yojana (PMMVY)</td><td>Pregnant women and lactating mothers for the first child (and second girl child)</td><td>Cash incentives to compensate for wage loss and ensure proper rest and nutrition</td></tr><tr><td>Vijaya Raje Janani Kalyan Bima Yojna</td><td>BPL pregnant women</td><td>Free normal delivery in accredited private hospitals, discount on C-section, incentives for government hospital deliveries, compensation for maternal death</td></tr><tr><td>Surakshit Matritva Aashwasan (SUMAN) Yojana</td><td>All pregnant women and newborns visiting public health facilities</td><td>Assured, dignified, respectful, and quality healthcare at no cost; zero expense delivery and C-section, free transport</td></tr><tr><td>Janani Express Yojna</td><td>All pregnant women</td><td>24-hour transport facility to reach healthcare facilities</td></tr></table>


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Scheme Name Target Beneficiaries Key Benefits Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY) Poor pregnant women Cash assistance for institutional delivery Janani Shishu Suraksha Karyakram (JSSK) All pregnant women delivering in public health institutions Free and no-expense delivery, including C-section, drugs, diagnostics, blood, diet, and transport Pradhan Mantri Surakshit Matritva Abhiyan (PMSMA) All pregnant women Free, assured, comprehensive, and quality antenatal care on the 9th of every month Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana Yojana (PMMVY) Pregnant women and lactating mothers for the first child (and second girl child) Cash incentives to compensate for wage loss and ensure proper rest and nutrition Vijaya Raje Janani Kalyan Bima Yojna BPL pregnant women Free normal delivery in accredited private hospitals, discount on C-section, incentives for government hospital deliveries, compensation for maternal death Surakshit Matritva Aashwasan (SUMAN) Yojana All pregnant women and newborns visiting public


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discount on C-section, incentives for government hospital deliveries, compensation for maternal death Surakshit Matritva Aashwasan (SUMAN) Yojana All pregnant women and newborns visiting public health facilities Assured, dignified, respectful, and quality healthcare at no cost; zero expense delivery and C-section, free transport Janani Express Yojna All pregnant women 24-hour transport facility to reach healthcare facilities


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Madhya Pradesh has a comprehensive set of schemes dedicated to the health and wellbeing of its children and infants, addressing various developmental stages and health needs.


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4.1 Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) Scheme: (Covered in detail in section 2.6 under NHM as it's a national program implemented in MP).


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4.2 Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram (RBSK): (Covered in detail in section 2.6 under NHM as it's a national program implemented in MP).


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4.3 Universal Immunisation Programme (UIP) and Mission Indradhanush (MI): (Covered in detail in section 2.6 under NHM as they are national programs implemented in MP).


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4.4 Navjaat Shishu Suraksha Karyakram (NSSK): (Covered in detail in section 2.6 under NHM as it's a national program implemented in MP).


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4.5 National Nutritional Programmes: (Covered in detail in section 2.6 under NHM as they are national programs implemented in MP).


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4.6 Mid-Day Meal Scheme: While details specific to Madhya Pradesh are not extensively covered in the provided snippets, the Mid-Day Meal Scheme is a national program that is undoubtedly implemented in the state. This scheme provides free cooked meals to children enrolled in government and government-aided schools. Its primary objectives are to improve the nutritional status of school-going children, encourage regular school attendance, and enhance their overall learning capacity. The provision of a nutritious meal during the school day helps to address issues of hunger and malnutrition, which can significantly impact a child's health and educational outcomes.


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4.7 Mission Vatsalya Scheme: Snippet 37 mentions the existence of the Mission Vatsalya Scheme in the context of Lakshadweep, indicating it is a national initiative. This scheme likely extends to Madhya Pradesh as well. Mission Vatsalya aims to create a safe and secure environment for children in need of care and protection. It promotes family-based care and strengthens institutional care facilities to ensure the overall wellbeing and development of vulnerable children. The scheme encompasses various aspects of child protection, including preventing child marriage, child labor, and other forms of exploitation, while also providing support for adoption and foster care services.


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The Mukhyamantree Baal Aasheervaad Yojana, a state government scheme in Madhya Pradesh, was specifically launched to provide comprehensive support to orphan youngsters 18. The scheme offers two primary types of assistance: sponsorship for children living with relatives or guardians, and aftercare for those who have resided in childcare institutions for an extended period 18. Under the sponsorship component, orphan children up to the age of 18 years who are living with their relatives or guardians are eligible to receive financial assistance of ₹4000 per month. This amount is directly deposited into a joint account held by the child and their relative or guardian, providing a regular source of financial support for their upbringing and wellbeing 18. Additionally, the scheme ensures medical aid for these children through the provision of an Ayushman card, facilitating access to necessary healthcare services 18. For children who have continuously resided in childcare institutions for


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aid for these children through the provision of an Ayushman card, facilitating access to necessary healthcare services 18. For children who have continuously resided in childcare institutions for five years or more, including the year of their release, the scheme offers aftercare benefits extending up to the age of 24 years. These benefits include financial assistance to support their transition into independent living, as well as opportunities for internships, vocational training to enhance their employability, and educational support to help them pursue further studies 18. This multifaceted approach demonstrates the Madhya Pradesh government's commitment to providing holistic care and support to orphaned and vulnerable children, ensuring their health, education, and overall wellbeing.


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4.9 POSHAN Abhiyan (National Nutrition Mission): (Covered in detail in section 2.6 under NHM as it's a national program implemented in MP).


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4.10 Anganwadi Services Scheme: (Covered in detail in section 2.6 under NHM as it's a national program implemented in MP).


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4.11 AB-Health and Wellness Centres (AB-HWCs): (Covered in detail in section 2.6 under NHM as they are part of the broader Ayushman Bharat initiative).


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4.12 Dhanwantari Yojna: Snippet 17 lists Dhanwantari Yojna as one of the Social Welfare Schemes in Madhya Pradesh. However, the provided research material does not offer specific details regarding its focus on children and infants or the benefits it provides. Further research would be necessary to ascertain the specifics of this scheme and its relevance to child and infant healthcare in the state.


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4.13 Lalima Yojna: The Lalima Yojna, implemented by the relevant department in Madhya Pradesh, is specifically designed to promote better health outcomes for children, adolescent girls, and women in the reproductive age group 20. A primary focus of this scheme is the prevention of anemia and the promotion of nutrition awareness, particularly among adolescent girls 20. By addressing these critical health aspects, the Lalima Yojna aims to improve the overall health and wellbeing of these vulnerable population segments within the state.


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4.14 Udita Yojna: The Udita Yojna in Madhya Pradesh is an initiative that focuses on promoting the health and hygiene related to menstruation among teenage girls 20. The scheme facilitates various activities and creates platforms for adolescent girls to openly discuss issues concerning their nutrition and overall health 20. By addressing these specific health needs and fostering open communication, the Udita Yojna contributes to the empowerment and wellbeing of adolescent girls in the state.


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<table><tr><td>Scheme Name</td><td>Target Age Group/Beneficiaries</td><td>Key Benefits</td></tr><tr><td>Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) Scheme</td><td>Children 0-6 years, pregnant women, lactating mothers</td><td>Supplementary nutrition, immunization, health check-ups, referral services, pre-school education, nutrition and health education</td></tr><tr><td>Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram (RBSK)</td><td>Children birth to 18 years</td><td>Screening for 4 Ds (defects, diseases, deficiencies, development delays), free treatment and management including surgeries</td></tr><tr><td>Universal Immunisation Programme (UIP) and Mission Indradhanush (MI)</td><td>Infants and children</td><td>Free vaccination against vaccine-preventable diseases</td></tr><tr><td>Navjaat Shishu Suraksha Karyakram (NSSK)</td><td>Newborns and infants</td><td>Training for healthcare staff in newborn care, free treatment for sick newborns and infants</td></tr><tr><td>National Nutritional Programmes</td><td>Children and infants</td><td>Addresses iodine deficiency, promotes breastfeeding, controls fluorosis, combats anemia</td></tr><tr><td>Mid-Day Meal Scheme</td><td>Children in schools</td><td>Free cooked meals in schools to improve nutrition and attendance</td></tr><tr><td>Mission Vatsalya Scheme</td><td>Children in need of care and protection</td><td>Safe and secure environment, promotes family-based care</td></tr><tr><td>Mukhyamantree Baal Aasheervaad Yojana</td><td>Orphan children up to 18 years (sponsorship), up to 24 years (aftercare)</td><td>Financial assistance, medical aid through Ayushman card, internship, vocational training, education support</td></tr><tr><td>POSHAN Abhiyan (National Nutrition Mission)</td><td>Children, pregnant women, lactating mothers</td><td>Improves nutritional outcomes through a multi-sectoral approach</td></tr><tr><td>Anganwadi Services Scheme</td><td>Community level</td><td>Delivers services under ICDS and other schemes</td></tr><tr><td>AB-Health and Wellness Centres (AB-HWCs)</td><td>General population, with focus on maternal and child health</td><td>Essential primary healthcare services</td></tr><tr><td>Dhanwantari Yojna</td><td>Details not available in snippets</td><td>Details not available in snippets</td></tr><tr><td>Lalima Yojna</td><td>Children, adolescent girls, women of reproductive age</td><td>Prevention of anemia, nutrition awareness</td></tr><tr><td>Udita Yojna</td><td>Teenage girls</td><td>Promotes menstrual health and hygiene, platform for discussion on nutrition and health</td></tr></table>


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Scheme Name Target Age Group/Beneficiaries Key Benefits Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) Scheme Children 0-6 years, pregnant women, lactating mothers Supplementary nutrition, immunization, health check-ups, referral services, pre-school education, nutrition and health education Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram (RBSK) Children birth to 18 years Screening for 4 Ds (defects, diseases, deficiencies, development delays), free treatment and management including surgeries Universal Immunisation Programme (UIP) and Mission Indradhanush (MI) Infants and children Free vaccination against vaccine-preventable diseases Navjaat Shishu Suraksha Karyakram (NSSK) Newborns and infants Training for healthcare staff in newborn care, free treatment for sick newborns and infants National Nutritional Programmes Children and infants Addresses iodine deficiency, promotes breastfeeding, controls fluorosis, combats anemia Mid-Day Meal Scheme Children in schools Free cooked meals in schools to improve


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Programmes Children and infants Addresses iodine deficiency, promotes breastfeeding, controls fluorosis, combats anemia Mid-Day Meal Scheme Children in schools Free cooked meals in schools to improve nutrition and attendance Mission Vatsalya Scheme Children in need of care and protection Safe and secure environment, promotes family-based care Mukhyamantree Baal Aasheervaad Yojana Orphan children up to 18 years (sponsorship), up to 24 years (aftercare) Financial assistance, medical aid through Ayushman card, internship, vocational training, education support POSHAN Abhiyan (National Nutrition Mission) Children, pregnant women, lactating mothers Improves nutritional outcomes through a multi-sectoral approach Anganwadi Services Scheme Community level Delivers services under ICDS and other schemes AB-Health and Wellness Centres (AB-HWCs) General population, with focus on maternal and child health Essential primary healthcare services Dhanwantari Yojna Details not available in snippets


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schemes AB-Health and Wellness Centres (AB-HWCs) General population, with focus on maternal and child health Essential primary healthcare services Dhanwantari Yojna Details not available in snippets Details not available in snippets Lalima Yojna Children, adolescent girls, women of reproductive age Prevention of anemia, nutrition awareness Udita Yojna Teenage girls Promotes menstrual health and hygiene, platform for discussion on nutrition and health


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Madhya Pradesh offers a range of schemes and initiatives aimed at supporting the health, wellbeing, and empowerment of individuals with disabilities.


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5.1 Ayushman Bharat Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (AB-PMJAY): (Covered in detail in section 2.1). Notably, the eligibility criteria for AB-PMJAY include households with a disabled member and no able-bodied adult member, ensuring that this vulnerable group has access to the scheme's benefits 1.


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5.2 Indira Gandhi National Disability Pension Scheme: While the snippets primarily mention this as a national scheme 21, Snippet 33 explicitly states that the Indira Gandhi National Disabled Pension Scheme is implemented and operated by the Madhya Pradesh Government, Social Justice and Disabled Welfare Department. This scheme provides financial assistance to persons with disabilities who are living below the poverty line. This pension offers a crucial source of income for individuals with disabilities who may face challenges in securing employment or maintaining a livelihood due to their condition.


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5.3 Assistance to Purchase and Fitting of Aids and Appliances (ADIP) Scheme: (Covered in detail in section 5.3 of the initial thought process, a national scheme implemented across states). This scheme aims to assist needy disabled persons in procuring durable, sophisticated, and scientifically manufactured aids and appliances to promote their physical, social, and psychological rehabilitation 23.


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5.4 Deendayal Disabled Rehabilitation Scheme (DDRS): (Covered in detail in section 5.4 of the initial thought process, a national scheme providing grants to NGOs). This scheme provides financial assistance to voluntary organizations working for the education and rehabilitation of persons with disabilities 28.


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5.5 Niramaya Health Insurance Scheme: (Covered in detail in section 5.5 of the initial thought process, with the note about the potential second scheme for construction workers in MP needing clarification). Snippets 35 and 36 refer to a "Medical Aid Scheme (Ayushman Bharat Scheme 'Niramaya')" under the Labour Department, Government of Madhya Pradesh, which provides free medical treatment up to ₹5,00,000 per year to registered construction workers and their families in approved hospitals. This appears to be a distinct scheme from the national Niramaya Health Insurance Scheme for specific disabilities.


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5.6 Indira Gandhi Rashtriya Nishakt Pension Yojana: Snippet 33 specifically mentions the "Indira Gandhi Rashtriya Nishakt Pension Yojana" as being implemented by the Madhya Pradesh Government, Social Justice and Disabled Welfare Department. This scheme provides financial assistance to persons with disabilities living below the poverty line.


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5.7 Nishaktjano hetu Vivah Yojana (Marriage Promotion Scheme for the Handicapped): This scheme, mentioned in Snippet 33, is initiated by the Department of Social Justice and Disabled Welfare in Madhya Pradesh. Its objective is to encourage marriage among persons with disabilities by providing financial assistance, thereby promoting their social rehabilitation and inclusion within society.


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5.8 Mukhya Mantri Kanya Vivah / Mukhya Mantri Nikah Yojana: Snippet 33 indicates that this scheme, under the purview of the Madhya Pradesh Government's Social Justice and Disabled Welfare Department, provides financial assistance for the mass marriage of destitute and poor girls, widows, and abandoned women. While not exclusively for disabled individuals, it serves as a support mechanism that would likely include eligible disabled women within these vulnerable categories, facilitating their marriage and social integration.


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5.9 Other Welfare Schemes for Disabled Persons: Snippet 34 from indiastatmadhyapradesh.com lists several categories of schemes for disabled persons in Madhya Pradesh, including: Assistance to Purchase and Fitting of Aids and Appliances (ADIP), Deendayal Disabled Rehabilitation Scheme (DDRS), National Handicapped Finance and Development Corporation (NHFDC), Niramaya Health Insurance Scheme, Rashtriya Vayoshri Yojana (RVY), Samarth Scheme, and Scheme for Implementation of Persons with Disabilities Act. While the snippet confirms the existence of these schemes, detailed information on their specific eligibility criteria and benefits within the context of Madhya Pradesh would require further investigation.


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<table><tr><td>Scheme Name</td><td>Eligibility Criteria</td><td>Key Benefits</td></tr><tr><td>Ayushman Bharat Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (AB-PMJAY)</td><td>Includes households with a disabled member and no able-bodied adult member</td><td>₹5 lakh health cover per family per year for secondary and tertiary hospitalization; cashless access</td></tr><tr><td>Indira Gandhi National Disability Pension Scheme</td><td>BPL persons with severe disabilities</td><td>Monthly pension</td></tr><tr><td>Assistance to Purchase and Fitting of Aids and Appliances (ADIP) Scheme</td><td>Indian citizen with 40% disability, income criteria</td><td>Financial assistance for procuring aids and appliances</td></tr><tr><td>Deendayal Disabled Rehabilitation Scheme (DDRS)</td><td>Supports NGOs working for disability rehabilitation</td><td>Financial grants for various rehabilitation projects</td></tr><tr><td>Niramaya Health Insurance Scheme (National)</td><td>Persons with Autism, Cerebral Palsy, Mental Retardation, Multiple Disabilities</td><td>Health insurance coverage up to ₹1 lakh annually</td></tr><tr><td>Medical Aid Scheme (Ayushman Bharat Scheme &#x27;Niramaya&#x27;) (State, for construction workers)</td><td>Registered construction workers and their families</td><td>Free medical treatment up to ₹5,00,000 per year in approved hospitals</td></tr><tr><td>Indira Gandhi Rashtriya Nishakt Pension Yojana (State)</td><td>BPL persons with disabilities</td><td>Monthly pension</td></tr><tr><td>Nishaktjano hetu Vivah Yojana (Marriage Promotion Scheme for the Handicapped)</td><td>Persons with disabilities</td><td>Financial assistance for marriage</td></tr><tr><td>Mukhya Mantri Kanya Vivah / Mukhya Mantri Nikah Yojana</td><td>Destitute, poor girls, widows, abandoned women (likely includes disabled women)</td><td>Financial assistance for mass marriage</td></tr><tr><td>Other Welfare Schemes (ADIP, DDRS, NHFDC, Niramaya, RVY, Samarth, Implementation of PwD Act)</td><td>Varies by scheme</td><td>Financial assistance, rehabilitation, empowerment</td></tr></table>


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Scheme Name Eligibility Criteria Key Benefits Ayushman Bharat Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (AB-PMJAY) Includes households with a disabled member and no able-bodied adult member ₹5 lakh health cover per family per year for secondary and tertiary hospitalization; cashless access Indira Gandhi National Disability Pension Scheme BPL persons with severe disabilities Monthly pension Assistance to Purchase and Fitting of Aids and Appliances (ADIP) Scheme Indian citizen with 40% disability, income criteria Financial assistance for procuring aids and appliances Deendayal Disabled Rehabilitation Scheme (DDRS) Supports NGOs working for disability rehabilitation Financial grants for various rehabilitation projects Niramaya Health Insurance Scheme (National) Persons with Autism, Cerebral Palsy, Mental Retardation, Multiple Disabilities Health insurance coverage up to ₹1 lakh annually Medical Aid Scheme (Ayushman Bharat Scheme 'Niramaya') (State, for construction workers) Registered construction


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Retardation, Multiple Disabilities Health insurance coverage up to ₹1 lakh annually Medical Aid Scheme (Ayushman Bharat Scheme 'Niramaya') (State, for construction workers) Registered construction workers and their families Free medical treatment up to ₹5,00,000 per year in approved hospitals Indira Gandhi Rashtriya Nishakt Pension Yojana (State) BPL persons with disabilities Monthly pension Nishaktjano hetu Vivah Yojana (Marriage Promotion Scheme for the Handicapped) Persons with disabilities Financial assistance for marriage Mukhya Mantri Kanya Vivah / Mukhya Mantri Nikah Yojana Destitute, poor girls, widows, abandoned women (likely includes disabled women) Financial assistance for mass marriage Other Welfare Schemes (ADIP, DDRS, NHFDC, Niramaya, RVY, Samarth, Implementation of PwD Act) Varies by scheme Financial assistance, rehabilitation, empowerment


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The analysis of healthcare and wellbeing schemes in Madhya Pradesh reveals a robust and multi-layered system designed to support the diverse needs of its population. The state effectively leverages national programs such as Ayushman Bharat, JSY, JSSK, PMSMA, PMMVY, RBSK, and ICDS, ensuring broad coverage across different demographic segments 1. The state-level implementation of Ayushman Bharat as 'Niramayam' highlights a strong commitment to providing financial protection against health expenditures for a significant portion of its citizens, including the vulnerable senior population 2.


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Madhya Pradesh has also developed its own state-specific schemes to address particular needs and gaps. The Deendayal Antyodaya Upchar Yojana and Rajya Bimari Sahayata Nidhi provide crucial financial assistance for healthcare to BPL families, covering both general medical needs and major critical illnesses 6. The Sampoorna Swasthya Sabke liye Yojna emphasizes community participation and basic healthcare training at the village level, aiming to empower local communities in managing their health 9. The Deen Dayal Mobile Health Clinic directly tackles the challenge of healthcare accessibility in remote tribal areas by bringing medical services to the doorstep of underserved populations 9.


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For specific vulnerable groups, Madhya Pradesh has tailored schemes to meet their unique requirements. Pregnant women benefit from the Vijaya Raje Janani Kalyan Bima Yojna and Janani Express Yojna, which incentivize institutional deliveries and ensure timely transportation to healthcare facilities, respectively 9. Children and infants are supported through the Mukhyamantree Baal Aasheervaad Yojana, Lalima Yojna, and Udita Yojna, addressing the needs of orphans, anemia prevention, and adolescent girls' health 18. Individuals with disabilities have access to the Indira Gandhi National Disability Pension Scheme, Nishaktjano hetu Vivah Yojana, and potentially a range of other welfare schemes, demonstrating a commitment to their financial security, social inclusion, and overall wellbeing 33. The existence of a state-specific "Niramayam" scheme for construction workers, linked to Ayushman Bharat, further indicates a targeted approach to providing healthcare benefits to specific occupational


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existence of a state-specific "Niramayam" scheme for construction workers, linked to Ayushman Bharat, further indicates a targeted approach to providing healthcare benefits to specific occupational groups 35.


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In conclusion, Madhya Pradesh exhibits a strong commitment to the health and wellbeing of its citizens through a comprehensive and diverse range of schemes. By effectively integrating national frameworks with state-specific initiatives, the government strives to provide a robust safety net for various segments of the population, with a particular focus on addressing the needs of vulnerable groups. Continued monitoring and rigorous impact assessments of these schemes would be essential to ensure their effectiveness, optimize their reach, and identify any areas for further improvement to enhance the health and quality of life for all residents of Madhya Pradesh.


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Hospitals in Madhya Pradesh, Health Schemes in Madhya Pradesh, accessed on March 25, 2025, https://www.mponline.in/guide/healthcare-services-in-madhya-pradesh


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ADIP Scheme: Enhancing Accessibility Through Aids and Appliances, accessed on March 25, 2025, https://blindwelfaresociety.in/blogs/adip-scheme-enhancing-accessibility-through-aids-and-appliances


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The Government of India is actively engaged in a wide array of healthcare schemes aimed at improving the health and well-being of its vast population. These initiatives span across various critical areas, including a comprehensive national health mission, a large-scale health insurance program, targeted disease control efforts, significant investments in healthcare infrastructure, the promotion of digital health technologies, and specific schemes designed to address the needs of particular demographic groups. The scale and ambition of these programs reflect the government's commitment to strengthening the healthcare system and ensuring access to quality medical services for all citizens.


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The Indian healthcare system faces significant challenges in providing accessible, affordable, and quality healthcare to its diverse population. In response to these challenges, the Government of India has been playing a pivotal role in developing and implementing numerous healthcare schemes. These government-sponsored initiatives are crucial in addressing the diverse healthcare needs of a large and varied population, ranging from basic primary care to specialized tertiary treatments. The current landscape of healthcare schemes is a result of the evolution of national healthcare policies in India, reflecting a growing emphasis on universal health coverage and improved health outcomes. Many of these schemes are interconnected, designed to work synergistically to create a more robust and effective healthcare ecosystem for the nation.


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The National Health Mission (NHM) was launched by the Government of India with the overarching goal of achieving universal access to equitable, affordable, and quality healthcare services across the nation 1. This flagship program, operating under the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, adopts a strategic and unified approach towards strengthening the public healthcare system 4. Recognizing that effective healthcare delivery requires more than just financial resources, the NHM provides both technical and financial support to the States and Union Territories, enabling them to enhance their healthcare infrastructure and service delivery mechanisms 2. The very existence of the NHM as an overarching mission signifies a deliberate and coordinated effort by the government to address the multifaceted challenges within the healthcare sector. By providing a combination of technical expertise and financial assistance, the government aims to empower states to develop and implement healthcare


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challenges within the healthcare sector. By providing a combination of technical expertise and financial assistance, the government aims to empower states to develop and implement healthcare solutions that are tailored to their specific needs and contexts. This integrated approach underscores the importance of a cohesive national strategy in tackling the complexities of healthcare delivery in a country as diverse as India.


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The National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) is a key sub-mission under the NHM, specifically focusing on providing quality healthcare to the vast rural population of India, with a particular emphasis on vulnerable groups 1. The primary aim of the NRHM is to establish a fully functional, community-owned, and decentralized health delivery system across rural areas 1. This sub-mission directly addresses the unique challenges of healthcare access and delivery in rural India, where a significant portion of the population resides and often faces geographical and socio-economic barriers to obtaining medical care. The emphasis on community ownership and decentralization reflects a strategic approach to healthcare planning and delivery that prioritizes local participation and responsiveness. By empowering communities to take ownership of their health systems, the NRHM aims to ensure that healthcare services are more aligned with the specific needs and preferences of the rural population.


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By empowering communities to take ownership of their health systems, the NRHM aims to ensure that healthcare services are more aligned with the specific needs and preferences of the rural population. Furthermore, the explicit focus on vulnerable groups within rural areas underscores the government's commitment to reducing health inequities and ensuring that even the most marginalized communities have access to quality healthcare services.


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Complementing the focus on rural healthcare, the National Urban Health Mission (NUHM) seeks to improve the health status of the urban population, with a particular focus on the urban poor and other vulnerable sections of society 1. The core objective of NUHM is to facilitate access to quality primary healthcare services for these urban populations 1. This sub-mission recognizes that even within urban environments, significant health disparities exist, particularly affecting those living in poverty and other marginalized groups. NUHM's coverage extends to all State capitals, district headquarters, and other cities and towns with a population of 50,000 and above, as per the 2011 census 1. This population-based criterion ensures that the mission's resources and interventions are directed towards areas with substantial urban populations, where the healthcare needs of the urban poor and vulnerable are often most pressing. By specifically targeting these populations, the government aims to


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areas with substantial urban populations, where the healthcare needs of the urban poor and vulnerable are often most pressing. By specifically targeting these populations, the government aims to address health inequities within urban settings and ensure that quality primary healthcare is accessible to all urban residents, regardless of their socio-economic status.


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Under the overarching umbrella of the NHM, a multitude of key initiatives are being implemented to achieve its objectives. One significant initiative is the engagement of Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs), who serve as a crucial link between the community and the formal healthcare system 4. ASHAs, primarily women community health volunteers, are often the first point of contact for health-related needs, especially for women and children in rural areas who may face difficulties in accessing health services 5. Another important initiative is the establishment of Rogi Kalyan Samitis (Patient Welfare Committees) or Hospital Management Societies, which act as management structures at the hospital level to oversee and improve the affairs of the hospital, often with financial assistance provided for patient welfare activities 5. The Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY) is a safe motherhood intervention scheme that aims to promote institutional delivery among poor pregnant women, thereby


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provided for patient welfare activities 5. The Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY) is a safe motherhood intervention scheme that aims to promote institutional delivery among poor pregnant women, thereby reducing both neo-natal and maternal mortality rates 4. The Janani Shishu Suraksha Karyakram (JSSK), launched in 2011, further strengthens maternal and child health by entitling all pregnant women delivering in public health institutions to absolutely free and no-expense delivery, including caesarean sections, and providing similar entitlements for all sick infants up to one year of age accessing public health facilities 1. To improve access to essential diagnostic services, the NHM launched the Free Diagnostics Service Initiative in 2013, providing substantial funding to states for this purpose 1. Furthermore, the NHM supports the operation of National Ambulance Services and Mobile Medical Units to enhance the reach of healthcare services, especially in remote and underserved areas 2. These


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1. Furthermore, the NHM supports the operation of National Ambulance Services and Mobile Medical Units to enhance the reach of healthcare services, especially in remote and underserved areas 2. These diverse initiatives, ranging from community-based health workers to facility-level improvements and free essential services, demonstrate the comprehensive strategy adopted under the NHM to address various aspects of healthcare delivery and improve health outcomes across the country.


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Recognizing the fundamental role of nutrition in overall health and well-being, the NHM integrates several national nutritional programmes aimed at addressing prevalent nutritional deficiencies across different population groups 4. These programmes include the National Iodine Deficiency Disorders Control Programme, which works towards preventing and controlling iodine deficiency disorders through various interventions. The MAA (Mothers' Absolute Affection) Programme for Infant and Young Child Feeding promotes breastfeeding and optimal infant and young child feeding practices, which are crucial for child survival and development. The National Programme for Prevention and Control of Fluorosis (NPPCF) aims to address the public health problem of fluorosis through prevention, control, and management strategies. Lastly, the National Iron Plus Initiative for Anaemia Control focuses on reducing the prevalence of anaemia across all age groups, particularly among women and children. The


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management strategies. Lastly, the National Iron Plus Initiative for Anaemia Control focuses on reducing the prevalence of anaemia across all age groups, particularly among women and children. The inclusion of these specific nutritional programmes within the NHM framework underscores the government's understanding that addressing nutritional needs is a vital component of improving overall health outcomes and reducing the burden of disease in the population. By targeting specific deficiencies and promoting healthy nutritional practices, these programmes contribute significantly to the holistic healthcare strategy of the NHM.


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The National Health Mission plays a central role in the Government of India's efforts to control and eliminate major communicable and non-communicable diseases through a range of dedicated programmes 4. The Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme (IDSP) is crucial for early detection and response to disease outbreaks, enabling timely interventions to prevent the spread of infections. The Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP) works towards the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of tuberculosis, a significant public health challenge in India. The National Leprosy Eradication Programme (NLEP) aims to eliminate leprosy as a public health problem through early detection and multi-drug therapy. The National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme (NVBDCP) focuses on the prevention and control of vector-borne diseases such as malaria, dengue, and chikungunya. The National AIDS Control Programme (NACP) works towards preventing the spread of HIV/AIDS and providing care and


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and control of vector-borne diseases such as malaria, dengue, and chikungunya. The National AIDS Control Programme (NACP) works towards preventing the spread of HIV/AIDS and providing care and support to people living with HIV. The Pulse Polio Programme, a remarkable success story, aims to maintain India's polio-free status through continuous immunization efforts. The recently launched National Viral Hepatitis Control Program (NVHCP) aims to prevent and control viral hepatitis in the country. The existence of these specific and targeted programmes under the NHM demonstrates the government's strategic approach to managing and combating a wide spectrum of diseases, reflecting a commitment to reducing morbidity and mortality and improving the overall health of the nation.


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The Ayushman Bharat - Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (PMJAY) stands as the world's largest health assurance scheme, with the ambitious goal of providing a health cover of ₹5,00,000 per family per year for secondary and tertiary care hospitalization 7. This flagship initiative aims to protect over 10.74 crore poor and vulnerable families, encompassing approximately 50 crore beneficiaries, forming the bottom 40% of the Indian population 7. Launched in September 2018, PMJAY represents a significant stride towards achieving universal health coverage by providing crucial financial protection for a vast segment of the population facing the burden of hospitalization expenses 7. It operates as a centrally sponsored scheme, with funding shared between the union government and the states, reflecting a collaborative approach to address this national priority 9. In a recent expansion of its reach, PMJAY has been extended to include all senior citizens above 70 years of age, irrespective of their


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a collaborative approach to address this national priority 9. In a recent expansion of its reach, PMJAY has been extended to include all senior citizens above 70 years of age, irrespective of their economic status, further demonstrating the government's commitment to protecting vulnerable age groups 10. The sheer scale and scope of PMJAY underscore the government's determination to alleviate the financial hardships associated with healthcare and ensure that quality medical treatment is accessible to those who need it most.


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The primary objective of PMJAY is to realize the vision of Universal Health Coverage (UHC), ensuring that no one is left behind in accessing essential healthcare services 7. A key feature of the scheme is its provision of cashless and paperless access to quality medical services at a wide network of empanelled public and private hospitals across India 8. This eliminates the immediate financial burden on beneficiaries at the point of service and simplifies the process of availing treatment. Furthermore, PMJAY imposes no restrictions on family size or the age of its members, ensuring that the entire eligible family is covered under the scheme 7. Significantly, the scheme also covers pre-existing diseases from the very first day of enrolment, addressing a common exclusion found in many other health insurance plans 7. The portability of benefits across the country 8 is another crucial feature, allowing eligible individuals to access treatment in any empanelled hospital nationwide,


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other health insurance plans 7. The portability of benefits across the country 8 is another crucial feature, allowing eligible individuals to access treatment in any empanelled hospital nationwide, regardless of their state of residence. These objectives and features collectively highlight PMJAY's commitment to providing accessible, affordable, and comprehensive health insurance coverage to a large and vulnerable population.


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The eligibility for PMJAY is primarily determined based on the socio-economic indicators identified in the Socio-Economic Caste Census 2011 (SECC 2011) for both rural and urban areas 7. For rural beneficiaries, specific criteria include families residing in dwellings with only one room and kucha walls and roof, households with no adult male member between the ages of 16 and 59, families with a disabled member and no able-bodied adult member, households belonging to Scheduled Castes (SC) or Scheduled Tribes (ST), and landless families deriving a major part of their income from manual casual labor 7. In urban areas, eligibility is based on specific occupational categories, including rag pickers, beggars, domestic workers, street vendors, construction workers, plumbers, masons, laborers, painters, welders, security guards, coolies, sweepers, sanitation workers, malis, home-based workers, artisans, handicrafts workers, tailors, transport workers, drivers, conductors, helpers, cart pullers,


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welders, security guards, coolies, sweepers, sanitation workers, malis, home-based workers, artisans, handicrafts workers, tailors, transport workers, drivers, conductors, helpers, cart pullers, rickshaw pullers, shop workers, assistants, peons in small establishments, helpers, delivery assistants, attendants, waiters, electricians, mechanics, assemblers, repair workers, washer-men, and chowkidars 7. These detailed eligibility criteria ensure that the scheme is specifically targeted towards the most economically disadvantaged and vulnerable sections of the society, identified through a comprehensive socio-economic survey. The reliance on the SECC 2011 data provides a systematic and data-driven approach to identifying beneficiaries, ensuring that the benefits of the scheme reach those who are most in need of financial protection for healthcare.


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PMJAY offers a substantial and comprehensive financial safety net, providing coverage of up to ₹5 lakh per family per year on a family floater basis 7. This means that the total coverage amount can be utilized by one or more members of the family as needed. The scheme encompasses a wide range of healthcare services, including medical examination, treatment, and consultation, as well as expenses incurred during the pre-hospitalization period 7. It covers the costs of medicines and medical consumables, non-intensive and intensive care services, diagnostic and laboratory investigations, and medical implantation services where necessary 7. Accommodation benefits and food services provided during hospitalization are also included under the scheme. Furthermore, PMJAY covers any complications that may arise during the course of treatment and provides for post-hospitalization follow-up care for up to 15 days 7. The breadth of coverage under PMJAY ensures that beneficiaries receive


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that may arise during the course of treatment and provides for post-hospitalization follow-up care for up to 15 days 7. The breadth of coverage under PMJAY ensures that beneficiaries receive comprehensive financial protection for a wide spectrum of healthcare needs requiring hospitalization, thereby significantly reducing the risk of financial hardship due to medical emergencies.


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The implementation of PMJAY has been carried out on a massive scale, with over 29,929 hospitals empanelled under the scheme as of a recent report, including a significant number of 13,222 private hospitals 10. This widespread empanelment ensures a broad network of healthcare providers where beneficiaries can access treatment. As of December 2024, over 36.16 crore Ayushman Cards have been created, indicating the extensive reach of the scheme in identifying and enrolling eligible beneficiaries 2. The impact of PMJAY is evident in the number of people who have availed its benefits. For instance, over 17.27 lakh beneficiaries had availed dialysis services under the scheme till December 2022 13. The significant number of empanelled hospitals, particularly the inclusion of private facilities, enhances the accessibility of care, especially in regions where public healthcare infrastructure may be limited. The large number of Ayushman Cards created signifies the scheme's success in reaching a


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the accessibility of care, especially in regions where public healthcare infrastructure may be limited. The large number of Ayushman Cards created signifies the scheme's success in reaching a substantial portion of its target population. Moreover, the specific data on the utilization of services like dialysis highlights the scheme's crucial role in providing access to critical and often expensive treatments, demonstrating its tangible impact on the lives of beneficiaries.


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The Pulse Polio Programme is a nationwide immunization campaign established by the Government of India with the singular objective of eliminating poliomyelitis (polio) from the country by vaccinating all children under the age of five years against the polio virus 14. Launched in 1995, this programme has been instrumental in achieving a remarkable public health success story for India 14. India was officially certified polio-free by the World Health Organization in 2014, a testament to the sustained and comprehensive efforts under this programme 15. The programme's strategy involves large-scale, pulse vaccination campaigns conducted on specific National Immunization Days and Sub-National Immunization Days, aiming for 100% coverage of the target age group 14. This involved setting up vaccination booths in all parts of India and ensuring a steady supply of the vaccine through a robust cold chain system 14. The programme also focused on social mobilization to reach even children in remote


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booths in all parts of India and ensuring a steady supply of the vaccine through a robust cold chain system 14. The programme also focused on social mobilization to reach even children in remote and underserved communities 14. The success of the Pulse Polio Programme demonstrates the effectiveness of sustained, large-scale public health interventions driven by government commitment and community participation. Maintaining this polio-free status requires continuous vigilance, including surveillance for any new cases and ongoing immunization efforts to prevent any resurgence of the disease 15.


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The National Mental Health Programme (NMHP) was launched by the Government of India in 1982 with the primary objectives of ensuring the availability and accessibility of minimum mental healthcare for all citizens in the foreseeable future 18. Recognizing the significant burden of mental disorders in the population, the programme aims to integrate mental health services with the existing primary healthcare system to make them more accessible and reduce stigma associated with mental illness 18. A key component of the NMHP is the District Mental Health Programme (DMHP), which was launched in 1996 with the goal of providing community-based mental health services and integrating mental health with general health services at the district level 18. The DMHP focuses on early detection and treatment of mental illnesses, training of healthcare personnel in mental health, generating public awareness, and monitoring the impact of mental health services 18. The long-standing existence of the NMHP


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of mental illnesses, training of healthcare personnel in mental health, generating public awareness, and monitoring the impact of mental health services 18. The long-standing existence of the NMHP reflects a sustained recognition by the government of the importance of addressing mental health as an integral part of overall public health. By decentralizing mental healthcare services and integrating them into primary care, the programme aims to improve early identification, treatment, and support for individuals with mental health conditions, ultimately striving to reduce the treatment gap and promote mental well-being in the community.


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The National Sickle Cell Anaemia Elimination Mission was introduced in the Union Budget 2023, specifically targeting the significant health challenges posed by sickle cell disease, particularly among the tribal populations of the country 23. Sickle cell disease is a chronic genetic blood disorder that can lead to anaemia, pain crises, organ damage, and reduced life expectancy 23. The mission has an ambitious vision to eliminate sickle cell disease as a public health problem in India before the year 2047 23. To achieve this, the mission focuses on a multi-faceted coordinated approach encompassing universal population-based screening, prevention, and holistic management of the disease 23. In its initial phase, the mission prioritizes interventions in 17 high-prevalence states across the country, including states with significant tribal populations 23. The programme aims to screen approximately 7.0 crore people over a period of three years, spanning from the fiscal year 2023-24 to


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country, including states with significant tribal populations 23. The programme aims to screen approximately 7.0 crore people over a period of three years, spanning from the fiscal year 2023-24 to 2025-26, focusing initially on the population from zero to 18 years of age and incrementally including the entire population up to 40 years 23. The strategy involves health promotion through awareness generation and pre-marital genetic counselling, prevention through universal screening and early detection, and comprehensive management and continuum of care at primary, secondary, and tertiary healthcare levels 23. This targeted mission underscores the government's commitment to addressing genetic disorders and reducing health disparities among specific vulnerable populations, with a long-term goal of eradicating sickle cell disease as a major public health concern in India.


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The Pradhan Mantri Swasthya Suraksha Yojana (PMSSY) was announced in 2003 with the dual objectives of rectifying regional imbalances in the availability of affordable and reliable tertiary healthcare services and augmenting the facilities for quality medical education in the country 25. To achieve these objectives, the PMSSY focuses on two key features: the creation of new All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS)-like institutions in various parts of the country and the upgrading of existing Government Medical Colleges (GMCs) and other medical institutions 25. The establishment of new AIIMS aims to provide modern, state-of-the-art tertiary care facilities with a focus on super-speciality departments, undergraduate and postgraduate medical education, and research 27. The upgrading of GMCs involves enhancing their infrastructure, adding super-speciality departments, increasing the number of postgraduate seats, and expanding hospital bed capacity 27. The selection of states and


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of GMCs involves enhancing their infrastructure, adding super-speciality departments, increasing the number of postgraduate seats, and expanding hospital bed capacity 27. The selection of states and institutions under PMSSY is often based on socio-economic indicators such as the Below Poverty Line (BPL) population, literacy rate, human development index, and infant mortality rate, ensuring that the scheme prioritizes underserved regions 28. By focusing on both creating new centres of excellence and strengthening existing medical colleges, the PMSSY addresses the critical need for high-quality tertiary healthcare and aims to increase the availability of skilled medical professionals across the nation, thereby reducing regional disparities in healthcare access and improving the overall quality of medical education.


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Launched in October 2021, the PM- Ayushman Bharat Health Infrastructure Mission (PM-ABHIM) represents a significant long-term investment by the Government of India to strengthen the country's healthcare infrastructure and enhance its capacity to effectively respond to future pandemics and health emergencies 10. This mission aims to address critical gaps in health infrastructure, surveillance systems, and health research across the nation, spanning both urban and rural areas 29. PM-ABHIM focuses on strengthening healthcare infrastructure at all levels, including primary, secondary, and tertiary care 29. Key components of the mission include the establishment of Health and Wellness Centres (HWCs) in both rural and urban areas to provide comprehensive primary healthcare, the creation of Block Public Health Units to strengthen public health infrastructure at the block level, the establishment of Integrated Public Health Laboratories in all districts to enhance disease surveillance and


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Public Health Units to strengthen public health infrastructure at the block level, the establishment of Integrated Public Health Laboratories in all districts to enhance disease surveillance and diagnostics, and the setting up of Critical Care Hospital Blocks in districts with a population of over 5 lakhs to improve the capacity for managing critical illnesses 30. The mission also aims to develop an IT-enabled disease surveillance system by creating a network of surveillance laboratories and strengthening health units at points of entry 10. Furthermore, PM-ABHIM supports research on infectious diseases and aims to integrate digital health technologies to improve service delivery 29. As the largest pan-India scheme for public health infrastructure since 2005, PM-ABHIM signifies the government's proactive approach to building a resilient and robust healthcare system capable of addressing current and future health challenges.


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eSanjeevani is a national telemedicine service launched by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, offering online Outpatient Department (OPD) consultations to citizens across the country 32. This digital health initiative has become increasingly significant, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic, by providing a convenient and safe way for people to access medical advice from the comfort of their homes 33. eSanjeevani operates through two main verticals. The first is eSanjeevani OPD, which facilitates direct doctor-to-patient teleconsultations, allowing individuals to seek medical advice and prescriptions remotely using audio and video 29. The second vertical is eSanjeevani AB-HWC (Ayushman Bharat - Health and Wellness Centre), which aims to bridge the digital health divide between rural and urban areas by enabling virtual connections between doctors at Health and Wellness Centres (spokes) and specialist doctors at tertiary healthcare facilities (hubs) via video conferencing 29.


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and urban areas by enabling virtual connections between doctors at Health and Wellness Centres (spokes) and specialist doctors at tertiary healthcare facilities (hubs) via video conferencing 29. This extends the reach of specialized healthcare services to rural and isolated communities, addressing the issue of uneven distribution of healthcare personnel and infrastructure 33. Launched in 2019, eSanjeevani has witnessed significant adoption, with over 10 crore people having availed tele-consultations through the platform 33. This widespread usage underscores the growing acceptance and utility of telemedicine in India, offering a valuable solution for improving healthcare access and reducing the burden on physical healthcare facilities.


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eDantSeva is a digital platform launched under the National Oral Health Programme to provide comprehensive oral health information and connect citizens with timely dental advice and services 32. The platform aims to increase awareness about the importance of maintaining optimal oral health and equips individuals with the knowledge and tools to do so, including information on the nearest oral health service facilities 37. Objectives of eDantSeva include improving the determinants of oral health, reducing morbidity from oral diseases, and integrating oral health promotion and...source the general healthcare system 38. The website offers various features, such as a symptom checker to help identify potential oral health conditions, information on common oro-dental diseases and various dental treatments, and guidance on when to visit a dentist and how to handle dental emergencies 37. It also provides information about the National Oral Health Programme and resources like training manuals


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treatments, and guidance on when to visit a dentist and how to handle dental emergencies 37. It also provides information about the National Oral Health Programme and resources like training manuals and awareness materials for health workers and school teachers 37. By leveraging digital technology, eDantSeva aims to empower individuals to take better care of their oral health, improve access to information about dental care, and facilitate timely management of dental problems, thereby contributing to the overall health and well-being of the population.


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The National Digital Health Mission (NDHM), now known as the Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission (ABDM), is a transformative initiative by the Government of India to create a nationwide digital health ecosystem 29. The core objective of ABDM is to integrate healthcare service providers and patients through a unique Health ID, thereby facilitating the secure storage and sharing of medical records with the patient's consent 29. Key features of ABDM include the Ayushman Bharat Health Account (ABHA) ID, a unique identifier for every citizen to store and access their health records; the Healthcare Professionals Registry (HPR), a comprehensive database of registered healthcare professionals; the Health Facility Registry (HFR), a digital repository of healthcare facilities across India; and the Unified Health Interface (UHI), an open network enabling the interoperability of various digital health services 29. As of January 2025, more than 73 crore Ayushman Bharat Health Accounts (ABHA) have been


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Health Interface (UHI), an open network enabling the interoperability of various digital health services 29. As of January 2025, more than 73 crore Ayushman Bharat Health Accounts (ABHA) have been created, indicating the rapid adoption of this digital health infrastructure 29. ABDM aims to streamline healthcare delivery, improve efficiency, enhance patient engagement, and ensure better continuity of care by enabling seamless exchange of health information between patients and healthcare providers 40. By building this digital backbone for India's healthcare system, ABDM has the potential to revolutionize the way healthcare is accessed, delivered, and managed across the nation.


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The Central Government Health Scheme (CGHS) is a long-standing healthcare scheme that provides comprehensive medical facilities to Central Government employees, pensioners, and their dependents 32. The scheme offers access to medical consultations, treatments, diagnostics, and medications through a wide network of CGHS wellness centers and empanelled private hospitals 32. CGHS aims to ensure accessible and affordable healthcare for this specific segment of the population, which includes current and former employees of the central government. The comprehensive nature of the scheme covers a broad range of medical needs, from primary care to specialized treatments, and its extensive network of facilities ensures that beneficiaries have convenient access to healthcare services in various locations. The CGHS has been a significant part of the healthcare landscape for central government employees and pensioners for many years, providing a reliable and established system for their medical


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The CGHS has been a significant part of the healthcare landscape for central government employees and pensioners for many years, providing a reliable and established system for their medical needs.


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Recognizing the increasing healthcare needs of India's aging population, the National Programme for Health Care of the Elderly (NPHCE) was launched to provide accessible, affordable, and high-quality long-term, comprehensive, and dedicated care services to senior citizens 46. The programme's vision is to create a new "architecture" for aging and promote the concept of Active and Healthy Ageing 46. NPHCE aims to provide a continuum of care, including promotional, preventive, curative, and rehabilitative services in an integrated manner for the elderly at various government health facilities 46. The programme targets all elderly people above 60 years of age in the country 48. Services provided under NPHCE range from health promotion and preventive care to the diagnosis and management of geriatric medical problems, including both outpatient and inpatient care 46. The programme also includes day care services, rehabilitative services, and home-based care as needed 46. Districts are linked


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medical problems, including both outpatient and inpatient care 46. The programme also includes day care services, rehabilitative services, and home-based care as needed 46. Districts are linked to Regional Geriatric Centres for providing tertiary level care 46. NPHCE operates through various levels of the healthcare system, integrating with primary healthcare delivery below the district level and establishing specialized facilities at the district and higher levels 46. By focusing on the specific healthcare needs of the elderly, NPHCE aims to improve their quality of life and promote healthy aging.


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The Universal Immunization Programme (UIP) is a nationwide vaccination programme launched by the Government of India in 1985 49. It stands as one of the most extensive public health initiatives globally, aiming to provide free immunization against 12 vaccine-preventable diseases 49. The UIP targets approximately 3.04 crore pregnant women and 2.7 crore newborns annually, striving to protect them from life-threatening conditions through vaccination 50. The programme currently provides immunization against diseases such as tuberculosis, diphtheria, pertussis (whooping cough), tetanus, poliomyelitis, measles, hepatitis B, rotaviral gastroenteritis, Japanese encephalitis, rubella, pneumonia (haemophilus influenzae type B), and pneumococcal diseases 49. The cost of all vaccines under the UIP is entirely borne by the Government of India, ensuring that these essential vaccines are accessible to all residents, including foreign residents, free of charge 49. The programme has been instrumental


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entirely borne by the Government of India, ensuring that these essential vaccines are accessible to all residents, including foreign residents, free of charge 49. The programme has been instrumental in significantly reducing child mortality rates and controlling infectious diseases in the country 52. To further enhance the efficiency and reach of the UIP, the government has launched the U-WIN portal, a digital platform for managing vaccination records for pregnant women and children 52. This platform streamlines vaccine delivery, improves record-keeping, and provides features such as self-registration, digital vaccination certificates, and reminders for upcoming doses 52. The UIP remains a cornerstone of India's public health efforts, demonstrating a long-term commitment to protecting its population from vaccine-preventable diseases.


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The landscape of ongoing government healthcare schemes in India is extensive and multifaceted, reflecting a strong commitment to improving the health and well-being of its citizens. These initiatives encompass a wide range of approaches, from the comprehensive National Health Mission with its rural and urban sub-missions, to the ambitious Ayushman Bharat - PMJAY providing health insurance coverage to millions. Targeted disease control programmes like the Pulse Polio Programme and the National Sickle Cell Anaemia Elimination Mission demonstrate focused efforts to eradicate or manage specific health challenges. Significant investments in healthcare infrastructure and capacity building are being made through schemes like PMSSY and PM-ABHIM. The increasing emphasis on digital health is evident in initiatives such as eSanjeevani, eDantSeva, and the transformative National Digital Health Mission/Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission. Furthermore, specific population groups like government


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evident in initiatives such as eSanjeevani, eDantSeva, and the transformative National Digital Health Mission/Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission. Furthermore, specific population groups like government employees, pensioners, and the elderly are catered to through schemes like CGHS and NPHCE. The Universal Immunization Programme continues to be a vital public health intervention. These various schemes are interconnected and have the potential to create significant synergistic effects in improving healthcare access, affordability, and quality across the nation. While challenges remain in ensuring effective implementation and reaching all intended beneficiaries, the breadth and depth of these ongoing government healthcare schemes underscore a sustained commitment to strengthening the healthcare system and promoting a healthier future for India.


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<table><tr><td>Scheme Name</td><td>Key Objective</td><td>Target Beneficiaries</td><td>Key Features</td></tr><tr><td>National Health Mission (NHM)</td><td>Universal access to equitable, affordable, and quality healthcare</td><td>Entire population, with focus on rural and urban underserved</td><td>Umbrella mission with NRHM and NUHM sub-missions, supports states with technical and financial aid</td></tr><tr><td>Ayushman Bharat - PM Jan Arogya Yojana (PMJAY)</td><td>Provide financial protection for secondary and tertiary care hospitalization</td><td>Over 10.74 crore poor and vulnerable families, senior citizens above 70</td><td>Health cover of ₹5 lakh per family per year, cashless and paperless access, portability</td></tr><tr><td>Pulse Polio Programme</td><td>Eliminate poliomyelitis from India</td><td>All children under five years</td><td>Large-scale immunization campaigns on National Immunization Days</td></tr><tr><td>National Mental Health Programme (NMHP)</td><td>Ensure availability and accessibility of minimum mental healthcare</td><td>General population, particularly vulnerable and underprivileged</td><td>Integrates mental health with primary healthcare, District Mental Health Programme</td></tr><tr><td>National Sickle Cell Anaemia Elimination Mission</td><td>Eliminate sickle cell disease as a public health problem by 2047</td><td>Entire population, with initial focus on high-prevalence states and tribal populations</td><td>Universal screening, prevention, holistic management</td></tr><tr><td>Pradhan Mantri Swasthya Suraksha Yojana (PMSSY)</td><td>Correct regional imbalances in tertiary healthcare and augment medical education</td><td>General population, medical students</td><td>Creation of new AIIMS-like institutions, upgrading existing GMCs</td></tr><tr><td>PM- Ayushman Bharat Health Infrastructure Mission (PM-ABHIM)</td><td>Strengthen health infrastructure to respond to future pandemics and health emergencies</td><td>Entire population, with focus on rural and underserved areas</td><td>Strengthening primary, secondary, and tertiary infrastructure, disease surveillance</td></tr><tr><td>eSanjeevani - National Telemedicine Service</td><td>Provide online OPD doctor consultations</td><td>General population, especially in remote areas</td><td>Doctor-to-patient and doctor-to-doctor teleconsultations</td></tr><tr><td>eDantSeva - National Oral Health Programme</td><td>Improve oral health awareness and access to dental information and services</td><td>General population</td><td>Digital platform with oral health information, symptom checker, directory of facilities</td></tr><tr><td>National Digital Health Mission (NDHM) / Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission (ABDM)</td><td>Create a nationwide digital health ecosystem</td><td>All citizens, healthcare providers, health facilities</td><td>Unique Health ID, registries for professionals and facilities, interoperable platform</td></tr><tr><td>Central Government Health Scheme (CGHS)</td><td>Provide comprehensive healthcare services</td><td>Central Government employees, pensioners, and their dependents</td><td>Network of wellness centers and empanelled hospitals</td></tr><tr><td>National Programme for Health Care of the Elderly (NPHCE)</td><td>Provide accessible, affordable, and high-quality care for the elderly</td><td>All elderly people (above 60 years)</td><td>Promotional, preventive, curative, and rehabilitative services</td></tr><tr><td>Universal Immunization Programme (UIP)</td><td>Provide free immunization against 12 vaccine-preventable diseases</td><td>Pregnant women and children</td><td>Nationwide vaccination program with digital record-keeping through U-WIN</td></tr></table>


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Scheme Name Key Objective Target Beneficiaries Key Features National Health Mission (NHM) Universal access to equitable, affordable, and quality healthcare Entire population, with focus on rural and urban underserved Umbrella mission with NRHM and NUHM sub-missions, supports states with technical and financial aid Ayushman Bharat - PM Jan Arogya Yojana (PMJAY) Provide financial protection for secondary and tertiary care hospitalization Over 10.74 crore poor and vulnerable families, senior citizens above 70 Health cover of ₹5 lakh per family per year, cashless and paperless access, portability Pulse Polio Programme Eliminate poliomyelitis from India All children under five years Large-scale immunization campaigns on National Immunization Days National Mental Health Programme (NMHP) Ensure availability and accessibility of minimum mental healthcare General population, particularly vulnerable and underprivileged Integrates mental health with primary healthcare, District Mental Health


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availability and accessibility of minimum mental healthcare General population, particularly vulnerable and underprivileged Integrates mental health with primary healthcare, District Mental Health Programme National Sickle Cell Anaemia Elimination Mission Eliminate sickle cell disease as a public health problem by 2047 Entire population, with initial focus on high-prevalence states and tribal populations Universal screening, prevention, holistic management Pradhan Mantri Swasthya Suraksha Yojana (PMSSY) Correct regional imbalances in tertiary healthcare and augment medical education General population, medical students Creation of new AIIMS-like institutions, upgrading existing GMCs PM- Ayushman Bharat Health Infrastructure Mission (PM-ABHIM) Strengthen health infrastructure to respond to future pandemics and health emergencies Entire population, with focus on rural and underserved areas Strengthening primary, secondary, and tertiary infrastructure, disease surveillance eSanjeevani -


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future pandemics and health emergencies Entire population, with focus on rural and underserved areas Strengthening primary, secondary, and tertiary infrastructure, disease surveillance eSanjeevani - National Telemedicine Service Provide online OPD doctor consultations General population, especially in remote areas Doctor-to-patient and doctor-to-doctor teleconsultations eDantSeva - National Oral Health Programme Improve oral health awareness and access to dental information and services General population Digital platform with oral health information, symptom checker, directory of facilities National Digital Health Mission (NDHM) / Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission (ABDM) Create a nationwide digital health ecosystem All citizens, healthcare providers, health facilities Unique Health ID, registries for professionals and facilities, interoperable platform Central Government Health Scheme (CGHS) Provide comprehensive healthcare services Central Government employees, pensioners, and their


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for professionals and facilities, interoperable platform Central Government Health Scheme (CGHS) Provide comprehensive healthcare services Central Government employees, pensioners, and their dependents Network of wellness centers and empanelled hospitals National Programme for Health Care of the Elderly (NPHCE) Provide accessible, affordable, and high-quality care for the elderly All elderly people (above 60 years) Promotional, preventive, curative, and rehabilitative services Universal Immunization Programme (UIP) Provide free immunization against 12 vaccine-preventable diseases Pregnant women and children Nationwide vaccination program with digital record-keeping through U-WIN


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<table><tr><td>Initiative Name</td><td>Brief Description</td><td>Target Beneficiaries</td></tr><tr><td>Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs)</td><td>Community health volunteers linking community and health system</td><td>Rural population, especially women and children</td></tr><tr><td>Rogi Kalyan Samiti (Patient Welfare Committee) / Hospital Management Society</td><td>Management structure for hospital affairs and patient welfare</td><td>Patients and communities served by public hospitals</td></tr><tr><td>Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY)</td><td>Promotes institutional delivery through conditional cash transfers</td><td>Poor pregnant women</td></tr><tr><td>Janani Shishu Suraksha Karyakram (JSSK)</td><td>Provides free entitlements for pregnant women and sick infants in public health institutions</td><td>Pregnant women and infants up to 1 year</td></tr><tr><td>Free Diagnostics Service Initiative</td><td>Provides free essential diagnostic services at public health facilities</td><td>General population accessing public health facilities</td></tr><tr><td>National Ambulance Services</td><td>Provides emergency ambulance services</td><td>General population</td></tr><tr><td>Mobile Medical Units</td><td>Provides healthcare services in remote and underserved areas</td><td>Rural and underserved populations</td></tr><tr><td>National Iodine Deficiency Disorders Control Programme</td><td>Prevents and controls iodine deficiency disorders</td><td>General population</td></tr><tr><td>MAA (Mothers&#x27; Absolute Affection) Programme for Infant and Young Child Feeding</td><td>Promotes breastfeeding and optimal infant and young child feeding</td><td>Mothers and young children</td></tr><tr><td>National Programme for Prevention and Control of Fluorosis (NPPCF)</td><td>Prevents and controls fluorosis</td><td>General population in endemic areas</td></tr><tr><td>National Iron Plus Initiative for Anaemia Control</td><td>Reduces the prevalence of anaemia</td><td>All age groups, particularly women and children</td></tr><tr><td>Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme (IDSP)</td><td>Early detection and response to disease outbreaks</td><td>Public health system, general population</td></tr><tr><td>Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP)</td><td>Prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of tuberculosis</td><td>General population</td></tr><tr><td>National Leprosy Eradication Programme (NLEP)</td><td>Eliminates leprosy as a public health problem</td><td>General population</td></tr><tr><td>National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme (NVBDCP)</td><td>Prevention and control of vector-borne diseases</td><td>General population</td></tr><tr><td>National AIDS Control Programme (NACP)</td><td>Prevents the spread of HIV/AIDS and provides care</td><td>General population, people living with HIV</td></tr><tr><td>Pulse Polio Programme</td><td>Eradicates polio through vaccination</td><td>Children under five years</td></tr><tr><td>National Viral Hepatitis Control Program (NVHCP)</td><td>Prevents and controls viral hepatitis</td><td>General population</td></tr></table>


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Initiative Name Brief Description Target Beneficiaries Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs) Community health volunteers linking community and health system Rural population, especially women and children Rogi Kalyan Samiti (Patient Welfare Committee) / Hospital Management Society Management structure for hospital affairs and patient welfare Patients and communities served by public hospitals Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY) Promotes institutional delivery through conditional cash transfers Poor pregnant women Janani Shishu Suraksha Karyakram (JSSK) Provides free entitlements for pregnant women and sick infants in public health institutions Pregnant women and infants up to 1 year Free Diagnostics Service Initiative Provides free essential diagnostic services at public health facilities General population accessing public health facilities National Ambulance Services Provides emergency ambulance services General population Mobile Medical Units Provides healthcare services in remote and


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population accessing public health facilities National Ambulance Services Provides emergency ambulance services General population Mobile Medical Units Provides healthcare services in remote and underserved areas Rural and underserved populations National Iodine Deficiency Disorders Control Programme Prevents and controls iodine deficiency disorders General population MAA (Mothers' Absolute Affection) Programme for Infant and Young Child Feeding Promotes breastfeeding and optimal infant and young child feeding Mothers and young children National Programme for Prevention and Control of Fluorosis (NPPCF) Prevents and controls fluorosis General population in endemic areas National Iron Plus Initiative for Anaemia Control Reduces the prevalence of anaemia All age groups, particularly women and children Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme (IDSP) Early detection and response to disease outbreaks Public health system, general population Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme


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children Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme (IDSP) Early detection and response to disease outbreaks Public health system, general population Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP) Prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of tuberculosis General population National Leprosy Eradication Programme (NLEP) Eliminates leprosy as a public health problem General population National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme (NVBDCP) Prevention and control of vector-borne diseases General population National AIDS Control Programme (NACP) Prevents the spread of HIV/AIDS and provides care General population, people living with HIV Pulse Polio Programme Eradicates polio through vaccination Children under five years National Viral Hepatitis Control Program (NVHCP) Prevents and controls viral hepatitis General population


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<table><tr><td>Category</td><td>Specific Eligibility Criteria</td></tr><tr><td>Rural Beneficiaries</td><td>Only one room with kucha walls and kucha roof</td></tr><tr><td/><td>No adult member between ages 16 to 59</td></tr><tr><td/><td>Households with no adult male member between ages 16 to 59</td></tr><tr><td/><td>Disabled member and no able-bodied adult member</td></tr><tr><td/><td>SC/ST households</td></tr><tr><td/><td>Landless households deriving a major part of their income from manual casual labour</td></tr><tr><td/><td>Automatically included households (without shelter, destitute/living on alms, manual scavenger families, primitive tribal groups, legally released bonded labour)</td></tr><tr><td>Urban Beneficiaries</td><td>Rag picker</td></tr><tr><td/><td>Beggar</td></tr><tr><td/><td>Domestic worker</td></tr><tr><td/><td>Street vendor/ Cobbler/hawker / Other service provider working on streets</td></tr><tr><td/><td>...source</td></tr></table>


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Category Specific Eligibility Criteria Rural Beneficiaries Only one room with kucha walls and kucha roof No adult member between ages 16 to 59 Households with no adult male member between ages 16 to 59 Disabled member and no able-bodied adult member SC/ST households Landless households deriving a major part of their income from manual casual labour Automatically included households (without shelter, destitute/living on alms, manual scavenger families, primitive tribal groups, legally released bonded labour) Urban Beneficiaries Rag picker Beggar Domestic worker Street vendor/ Cobbler/hawker / Other service provider working on streets ...source


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1. NatioNal HealtH MissioN (NHM) - NITI for States, accessed on March 17, 2025, https://www.nitiforstates.gov.in/public-assets/Policy/policy-repo/health-and-nutrition/PNC489Q000003.pdf


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2. Update on National Health Mission | Ministry of Health and Family Welfare | GOI, accessed on March 17, 2025, https://mohfw.gov.in/?q=pressrelease-169


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3. Understanding National Health Mission: Access To Healthcare For All, accessed on March 17, 2025, https://www.jaagrukbharat.com/understanding-national-health-mission-access-to-healthcare-for-all-2515812


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