# migrations

dir: embeddings_queue
filename: 00001-embeddings.sqlite.sql
hash: d3755dfd232be8e8301f4d7fcfb3a486
sql:
CREATE TABLE embeddings_queue (
    seq_id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
    created_at TIMESTAMP NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
    operation INTEGER NOT NULL,
    topic TEXT NOT NULL,
    id TEXT NOT NULL,
    vector BLOB,
    encoding TEXT,
    metadata TEXT
);


dir: sysdb
filename: 00001-collections.sqlite.sql
hash: 38352d725ad1c16074fac420b22b4633
sql:
CREATE TABLE collections (
    id TEXT PRIMARY KEY,
    name TEXT NOT NULL,
    topic TEXT NOT NULL,
    UNIQUE (name)
);

CREATE TABLE collection_metadata (
    collection_id TEXT REFERENCES collections(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
    key TEXT NOT NULL,
    str_value TEXT,
    int_value INTEGER,
    float_value REAL,
    PRIMARY KEY (collection_id, key)
);


dir: sysdb
filename: 00002-segments.sqlite.sql
hash: 2913cb6a503055a95f625448037e8912
sql:
CREATE TABLE segments (
    id TEXT PRIMARY KEY,
    type TEXT NOT NULL,
    scope TEXT NOT NULL,
    topic TEXT,
    collection TEXT REFERENCES collection(id)
);

CREATE TABLE segment_metadata (
    segment_id TEXT  REFERENCES segments(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
    key TEXT NOT NULL,
    str_value TEXT,
    int_value INTEGER,
    float_value REAL,
    PRIMARY KEY (segment_id, key)
);


dir: sysdb
filename: 00004-tenants-databases.sqlite.sql
hash: 048867ce8fcdefe4023c7110e4433591
sql:
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS tenants (
    id TEXT PRIMARY KEY,
    UNIQUE (id)
);

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS databases (
    id TEXT PRIMARY KEY, -- unique globally
    name TEXT NOT NULL, -- unique per tenant
    tenant_id TEXT NOT NULL REFERENCES tenants(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
    UNIQUE (tenant_id, name) -- Ensure that a tenant has only one database with a given name
);

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS collections_tmp (
    id TEXT PRIMARY KEY, -- unique globally
    name TEXT NOT NULL, -- unique per database
    topic TEXT NOT NULL,
    dimension INTEGER,
    database_id TEXT NOT NULL REFERENCES databases(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
    UNIQUE (name, database_id)
);

-- Create default tenant and database
INSERT OR REPLACE INTO tenants (id) VALUES ('default_tenant'); -- The default tenant id is 'default_tenant' others are UUIDs
INSERT OR REPLACE INTO databases (id, name, tenant_id) VALUES ('00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000', 'default_database', 'default_tenant');

INSERT OR REPLACE INTO collections_tmp (id, name, topic, dimension, database_id)
    SELECT id, name, topic, dimension, '00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000' FROM collections;
DROP TABLE collections;
ALTER TABLE collections_tmp RENAME TO collections;


dir: sysdb
filename: 00005-remove-topic.sqlite.sql
hash: b1367c826b8fba5f96f27befdc1d42d2
sql:
-- Remove the topic column from the Collections and Segments tables

ALTER TABLE collections DROP COLUMN topic;
ALTER TABLE segments DROP COLUMN topic;


dir: sysdb
filename: 00006-collection-segment-metadata.sqlite.sql
hash: 4eea7468935bf25d4604a0fed2366116
sql:
-- SQLite does not support adding check with alter table, as a result, adding a check
-- involve creating a new table and copying the data over. It is over kill with adding
-- a boolean type column. The application write to the table needs to ensure the data
-- integrity.
ALTER TABLE collection_metadata ADD COLUMN bool_value INTEGER;
ALTER TABLE segment_metadata ADD COLUMN bool_value INTEGER;


dir: sysdb
filename: 00007-collection-config.sqlite.sql
hash: 1c7e63bba346a42a18b6ab7f1c989bed
sql:
-- Stores collection configuration dictionaries.
ALTER TABLE collections ADD COLUMN config_json_str TEXT;


dir: sysdb
filename: 00008-maintenance-log.sqlite.sql
hash: 0a0e7e93111a01789addf64961c6127c
sql:
-- Records when database maintenance operations are performed.
-- At time of creation, this table is only used to record vacuum operations.
CREATE TABLE maintenance_log (
  id INT PRIMARY KEY,
  timestamp INT NOT NULL,
  operation TEXT NOT NULL
);


dir: sysdb
filename: 00009-segment-collection-not-null.sqlite.sql
hash: 054355aef9e63702bf54ea29e61563f1
sql:
-- This makes segments.collection non-nullable.
CREATE TABLE segments_temp (
    id TEXT PRIMARY KEY,
    type TEXT NOT NULL,
    scope TEXT NOT NULL,
    collection TEXT REFERENCES collection(id) NOT NULL
);

INSERT INTO segments_temp SELECT * FROM segments;
DROP TABLE segments;
ALTER TABLE segments_temp RENAME TO segments;


dir: metadb
filename: 00001-embedding-metadata.sqlite.sql
hash: 2b4cf52c4bb2676e21d6860a4409f856
sql:
CREATE TABLE embeddings (
    id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
    segment_id TEXT NOT NULL,
    embedding_id TEXT NOT NULL,
    seq_id BLOB NOT NULL,
    created_at TIMESTAMP NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
    UNIQUE (segment_id, embedding_id)
);

CREATE TABLE embedding_metadata (
    id INTEGER REFERENCES embeddings(id),
    key TEXT NOT NULL,
    string_value TEXT,
    int_value INTEGER,
    float_value REAL,
    PRIMARY KEY (id, key)
);

CREATE TABLE max_seq_id (
    segment_id TEXT PRIMARY KEY,
    seq_id BLOB NOT NULL
);

CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE embedding_fulltext USING fts5(id, string_value);


dir: metadb
filename: 00002-embedding-metadata.sqlite.sql
hash: 12a570f7121b3a8ce750a2a7c36da20f
sql:
-- SQLite does not support adding check with alter table, as a result, adding a check
-- involve creating a new table and copying the data over. It is over kill with adding
-- a boolean type column. The application write to the table needs to ensure the data
-- integrity.
ALTER TABLE embedding_metadata ADD COLUMN bool_value INTEGER


dir: metadb
filename: 00003-full-text-tokenize.sqlite.sql
hash: f97ad6334aeaa8f419f01110b648b97a
sql:
CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE embedding_fulltext_search USING fts5(string_value, tokenize='trigram');
INSERT INTO embedding_fulltext_search (rowid, string_value) SELECT rowid, string_value FROM embedding_metadata;
DROP TABLE embedding_fulltext;


dir: metadb
filename: 00004-metadata-indices.sqlite.sql
hash: fb36603a45ee2cd0254cef3ef86585e8
sql:
CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS embedding_metadata_int_value ON embedding_metadata (key, int_value) WHERE int_value IS NOT NULL;
CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS embedding_metadata_float_value ON embedding_metadata (key, float_value) WHERE float_value IS NOT NULL;
CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS embedding_metadata_string_value ON embedding_metadata (key, string_value) WHERE string_value IS NOT NULL;


# embeddings_queue

created_at: 2025-03-26 07:38:06
topic: persistent://default/default/14121fdc-614c-4a47-9053-2a3ff7f57827
id: 0050ae35-a410-47e2-9666-898cbf0804bb
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"source": "document/Public_health_engineering_2010.docx", "file_directory": "document", "filename": "Public_health_engineering_2010.docx", "last_modified": "2025-03-26T10:19:09", "text_as_html": "<table><tr><td>Chlorine demand</td><td>Difference between the amount of chlorine added to water and the total residual chlorine level after minimum 30 minutes, meaning the chlorine that is consumed during the disinfection process.</td></tr><tr><td>Cholera</td><td>Intestinal toxi-infection, strictly human, due to Vibrio cholerae infection.</td></tr><tr><td>Coagulation</td><td>Part of the treatment process where the negative electrical charge of the suspended particles in the water becomes neutral, due to the addition of a chemical or biological compound. This step will be followed by flocculation and potentially sedimentation and/or filtration.</td></tr><tr><td>Collection box</td><td>Construction for collecting liquids from different pipes to pass it in one pipe.</td></tr><tr><td>Combined Residual Chlorine (CRC)</td><td>That fraction of the chlorine that has been added to water, which is not consumed, nor is freely available in the water, but has combined with certain substances in the water.</td></tr><tr><td>Compost</td><td>Humus-like product produced by the controlled decomposition of organic matter; either night soil or sludge mixed with organic material rich in carbon (such as refuse or sawdust); and valued as fertilizer or mainly as soil conditioner.</td></tr><tr><td>Concrete ring</td><td>Short concrete cylinder for supporting and lining the sides of a well / pit to make them impermeable and/or stable.</td></tr><tr><td>Contact time</td><td>Period necessary for the reaction of chlorine with organic matter contained in water (at least 30 minutes for chlorine, depending on the pH and temperature of the water to be treated). Time that a high chlorine concentration stays within a well / borehole / reservoir for them to be disinfected (time depending on the method used).</td></tr><tr><td>Contamination</td><td>Introduction of potentially pathogenic micro-organisms or chemical substances presenting health risks into any environmental medium.</td></tr><tr><td>Controlled tipping</td><td>Method of disposal of solid wastes by burial in successive layers on a terrain that is exclusively reserved for this purpose. See Sanitary landfill.</td></tr><tr><td>Cytotoxic waste</td><td>All material that has been in contact with cytotoxic drugs, which are possessing a potential specific destructive action on cells.</td></tr><tr><td/><td/></tr><tr><td>Decontamination</td><td>Action to reduce contamination risks to harmless levels for people or the environment.</td></tr><tr><td>Defecation</td><td>Passage of waste matter from the bowels.</td></tr><tr><td>Density</td><td>Mass of matter within a certain volume.</td></tr><tr><td>Detergence</td><td>Physical-chemical action of a product combined with a mechanical brushing and rinsing action.</td></tr><tr><td>Detergent</td><td>Compound used in cleaning products (e.g. washing soap), often found in grey wastewater.</td></tr><tr><td>Dewatering pump</td><td>Pump that can be completely and partially submerged, as long as its the pumping part is under the water surface. These pumps can normally deal with (rather) dirty water.</td></tr><tr><td>Dioxin</td><td>Concern about them arises from their (potential) toxicity as contaminants in commercial products or within the exhaust gasses of volume reducers / incinerators. Tests on laboratory animals indicate that it is one of the more toxic anthropogenic products.</td></tr><tr><td>Disinfectant</td><td>Chemical agent that is able to reduce the viability of micro-organisms on surfaces, liquids (e.g. water) or objects (e.g. medical instruments, waste bins).</td></tr><tr><td>Disinfection</td><td>Treatment aimed at reducing the number of micro-organisms to safe or relatively safe levels on surfaces, liquids (e.g. water) or objects (e.g. medical instruments, waste bins).</td></tr><tr><td>Disposable syringe</td><td>An all-plastic syringe designed for single use.</td></tr><tr><td>Disposal</td><td>Intentional burial, deposit, discharge, dumping, placing or release of any waste material into or on any land sites, air medium, or water bodies as final destination.</td></tr><tr><td>Distribution box</td><td>Construction for collecting wastewater (e.g. effluent from a septic tank) and distributing it equally among several pipes (e.g. drains in a multiple trench infiltration system).</td></tr><tr><td>Domestic waste / Refuse</td><td>Putrescible (organic) or non-putrescible solid waste material from household activities. See solid waste.</td></tr><tr><td>DPD 1</td><td>Chemical used in tablet form with a colorimetric comparator (e.g. pool tester) to measure the Free Residual Chlorine concentration.</td></tr><tr><td>DPD 3</td><td>Chemical used in tablet form and added to a colorimetric comparator (e.g. pool tester) in which a DPD 1 tablet was already added to measure the Total Residual Chlorine concentration. The difference between the Total Residual Chlorine (TRC) and the Free Residual Chlorine (FRC) gives the Combined Residual Chlorine (CRC) concentration.</td></tr><tr><td>Drain</td><td>Underground pipe with pierced holes or slots to allow the passage and infiltration of water.</td></tr><tr><td>Drainage</td><td>Removal of runoff water or wastewater by ditches (&quot;open&quot; system) or pipes (&quot;closed&quot; system).</td></tr><tr><td>Drum</td><td>Any large (e.g. 200 litres) cylindrical shaped container.</td></tr><tr><td>Dumping site</td><td>A site used to dispose of (solid) waste without environmental controls. See disposal.</td></tr><tr><td>Dwelling</td><td>Utilised living space, within or nearby a settlement.</td></tr><tr><td/><td/></tr><tr><td>Effective grain size</td><td>Range and average dimension of grains of sand or other material used as filtration medium material.</td></tr></table>", "filetype": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document", "parent_id": "6b5091d871b0ae6dec87b40ec0ffccd5", "category": "Table", "element_id": "d2c083e24b3d2a21a60b242b1f8a4bec", "chroma:document": "available in the water, but has combined with certain substances in the water. Compost Humus-like product produced by the controlled decomposition of organic matter; either night soil or sludge mixed with organic material rich in carbon (such as refuse or sawdust); and valued as fertilizer or mainly as soil conditioner. Concrete ring Short concrete cylinder for supporting and lining the sides of a well / pit to make them impermeable and/or stable. Contact time Period necessary for the reaction of chlorine with organic matter contained in water (at least 30 minutes for chlorine, depending on the pH and temperature of the water to be treated). Time that a high chlorine concentration stays within a well / borehole / reservoir for them to be disinfected (time depending on the method used). Contamination Introduction of potentially pathogenic micro-organisms or chemical substances presenting health risks into any environmental medium. Controlled tipping Method of disposal of solid wastes"}


created_at: 2025-03-26 07:38:06
topic: persistent://default/default/14121fdc-614c-4a47-9053-2a3ff7f57827
id: 9d062cb5-a75a-44af-9954-7181a10c69e4
encoding: FLOAT32
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{"source": "document/Public_health_engineering_2010.docx", "file_directory": "document", "filename": "Public_health_engineering_2010.docx", "last_modified": "2025-03-26T10:19:09", "text_as_html": "<table><tr><td>Chlorine demand</td><td>Difference between the amount of chlorine added to water and the total residual chlorine level after minimum 30 minutes, meaning the chlorine that is consumed during the disinfection process.</td></tr><tr><td>Cholera</td><td>Intestinal toxi-infection, strictly human, due to Vibrio cholerae infection.</td></tr><tr><td>Coagulation</td><td>Part of the treatment process where the negative electrical charge of the suspended particles in the water becomes neutral, due to the addition of a chemical or biological compound. This step will be followed by flocculation and potentially sedimentation and/or filtration.</td></tr><tr><td>Collection box</td><td>Construction for collecting liquids from different pipes to pass it in one pipe.</td></tr><tr><td>Combined Residual Chlorine (CRC)</td><td>That fraction of the chlorine that has been added to water, which is not consumed, nor is freely available in the water, but has combined with certain substances in the water.</td></tr><tr><td>Compost</td><td>Humus-like product produced by the controlled decomposition of organic matter; either night soil or sludge mixed with organic material rich in carbon (such as refuse or sawdust); and valued as fertilizer or mainly as soil conditioner.</td></tr><tr><td>Concrete ring</td><td>Short concrete cylinder for supporting and lining the sides of a well / pit to make them impermeable and/or stable.</td></tr><tr><td>Contact time</td><td>Period necessary for the reaction of chlorine with organic matter contained in water (at least 30 minutes for chlorine, depending on the pH and temperature of the water to be treated). Time that a high chlorine concentration stays within a well / borehole / reservoir for them to be disinfected (time depending on the method used).</td></tr><tr><td>Contamination</td><td>Introduction of potentially pathogenic micro-organisms or chemical substances presenting health risks into any environmental medium.</td></tr><tr><td>Controlled tipping</td><td>Method of disposal of solid wastes by burial in successive layers on a terrain that is exclusively reserved for this purpose. See Sanitary landfill.</td></tr><tr><td>Cytotoxic waste</td><td>All material that has been in contact with cytotoxic drugs, which are possessing a potential specific destructive action on cells.</td></tr><tr><td/><td/></tr><tr><td>Decontamination</td><td>Action to reduce contamination risks to harmless levels for people or the environment.</td></tr><tr><td>Defecation</td><td>Passage of waste matter from the bowels.</td></tr><tr><td>Density</td><td>Mass of matter within a certain volume.</td></tr><tr><td>Detergence</td><td>Physical-chemical action of a product combined with a mechanical brushing and rinsing action.</td></tr><tr><td>Detergent</td><td>Compound used in cleaning products (e.g. washing soap), often found in grey wastewater.</td></tr><tr><td>Dewatering pump</td><td>Pump that can be completely and partially submerged, as long as its the pumping part is under the water surface. These pumps can normally deal with (rather) dirty water.</td></tr><tr><td>Dioxin</td><td>Concern about them arises from their (potential) toxicity as contaminants in commercial products or within the exhaust gasses of volume reducers / incinerators. Tests on laboratory animals indicate that it is one of the more toxic anthropogenic products.</td></tr><tr><td>Disinfectant</td><td>Chemical agent that is able to reduce the viability of micro-organisms on surfaces, liquids (e.g. water) or objects (e.g. medical instruments, waste bins).</td></tr><tr><td>Disinfection</td><td>Treatment aimed at reducing the number of micro-organisms to safe or relatively safe levels on surfaces, liquids (e.g. water) or objects (e.g. medical instruments, waste bins).</td></tr><tr><td>Disposable syringe</td><td>An all-plastic syringe designed for single use.</td></tr><tr><td>Disposal</td><td>Intentional burial, deposit, discharge, dumping, placing or release of any waste material into or on any land sites, air medium, or water bodies as final destination.</td></tr><tr><td>Distribution box</td><td>Construction for collecting wastewater (e.g. effluent from a septic tank) and distributing it equally among several pipes (e.g. drains in a multiple trench infiltration system).</td></tr><tr><td>Domestic waste / Refuse</td><td>Putrescible (organic) or non-putrescible solid waste material from household activities. See solid waste.</td></tr><tr><td>DPD 1</td><td>Chemical used in tablet form with a colorimetric comparator (e.g. pool tester) to measure the Free Residual Chlorine concentration.</td></tr><tr><td>DPD 3</td><td>Chemical used in tablet form and added to a colorimetric comparator (e.g. pool tester) in which a DPD 1 tablet was already added to measure the Total Residual Chlorine concentration. The difference between the Total Residual Chlorine (TRC) and the Free Residual Chlorine (FRC) gives the Combined Residual Chlorine (CRC) concentration.</td></tr><tr><td>Drain</td><td>Underground pipe with pierced holes or slots to allow the passage and infiltration of water.</td></tr><tr><td>Drainage</td><td>Removal of runoff water or wastewater by ditches (&quot;open&quot; system) or pipes (&quot;closed&quot; system).</td></tr><tr><td>Drum</td><td>Any large (e.g. 200 litres) cylindrical shaped container.</td></tr><tr><td>Dumping site</td><td>A site used to dispose of (solid) waste without environmental controls. See disposal.</td></tr><tr><td>Dwelling</td><td>Utilised living space, within or nearby a settlement.</td></tr><tr><td/><td/></tr><tr><td>Effective grain size</td><td>Range and average dimension of grains of sand or other material used as filtration medium material.</td></tr></table>", "filetype": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document", "parent_id": "6b5091d871b0ae6dec87b40ec0ffccd5", "category": "Table", "element_id": "d2c083e24b3d2a21a60b242b1f8a4bec", "chroma:document": "Introduction of potentially pathogenic micro-organisms or chemical substances presenting health risks into any environmental medium. Controlled tipping Method of disposal of solid wastes by burial in successive layers on a terrain that is exclusively reserved for this purpose. See Sanitary landfill. Cytotoxic waste All material that has been in contact with cytotoxic drugs, which are possessing a potential specific destructive action on cells. Decontamination Action to reduce contamination risks to harmless levels for people or the environment. Defecation Passage of waste matter from the bowels. Density Mass of matter within a certain volume. Detergence Physical-chemical action of a product combined with a mechanical brushing and rinsing action. Detergent Compound used in cleaning products (e.g. washing soap), often found in grey wastewater. Dewatering pump Pump that can be completely and partially submerged, as long as its the pumping part is under the water surface. These pumps can"}


created_at: 2025-03-26 07:38:06
topic: persistent://default/default/14121fdc-614c-4a47-9053-2a3ff7f57827
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{"source": "document/Public_health_engineering_2010.docx", "file_directory": "document", "filename": "Public_health_engineering_2010.docx", "last_modified": "2025-03-26T10:19:09", "text_as_html": "<table><tr><td>Chlorine demand</td><td>Difference between the amount of chlorine added to water and the total residual chlorine level after minimum 30 minutes, meaning the chlorine that is consumed during the disinfection process.</td></tr><tr><td>Cholera</td><td>Intestinal toxi-infection, strictly human, due to Vibrio cholerae infection.</td></tr><tr><td>Coagulation</td><td>Part of the treatment process where the negative electrical charge of the suspended particles in the water becomes neutral, due to the addition of a chemical or biological compound. This step will be followed by flocculation and potentially sedimentation and/or filtration.</td></tr><tr><td>Collection box</td><td>Construction for collecting liquids from different pipes to pass it in one pipe.</td></tr><tr><td>Combined Residual Chlorine (CRC)</td><td>That fraction of the chlorine that has been added to water, which is not consumed, nor is freely available in the water, but has combined with certain substances in the water.</td></tr><tr><td>Compost</td><td>Humus-like product produced by the controlled decomposition of organic matter; either night soil or sludge mixed with organic material rich in carbon (such as refuse or sawdust); and valued as fertilizer or mainly as soil conditioner.</td></tr><tr><td>Concrete ring</td><td>Short concrete cylinder for supporting and lining the sides of a well / pit to make them impermeable and/or stable.</td></tr><tr><td>Contact time</td><td>Period necessary for the reaction of chlorine with organic matter contained in water (at least 30 minutes for chlorine, depending on the pH and temperature of the water to be treated). Time that a high chlorine concentration stays within a well / borehole / reservoir for them to be disinfected (time depending on the method used).</td></tr><tr><td>Contamination</td><td>Introduction of potentially pathogenic micro-organisms or chemical substances presenting health risks into any environmental medium.</td></tr><tr><td>Controlled tipping</td><td>Method of disposal of solid wastes by burial in successive layers on a terrain that is exclusively reserved for this purpose. See Sanitary landfill.</td></tr><tr><td>Cytotoxic waste</td><td>All material that has been in contact with cytotoxic drugs, which are possessing a potential specific destructive action on cells.</td></tr><tr><td/><td/></tr><tr><td>Decontamination</td><td>Action to reduce contamination risks to harmless levels for people or the environment.</td></tr><tr><td>Defecation</td><td>Passage of waste matter from the bowels.</td></tr><tr><td>Density</td><td>Mass of matter within a certain volume.</td></tr><tr><td>Detergence</td><td>Physical-chemical action of a product combined with a mechanical brushing and rinsing action.</td></tr><tr><td>Detergent</td><td>Compound used in cleaning products (e.g. washing soap), often found in grey wastewater.</td></tr><tr><td>Dewatering pump</td><td>Pump that can be completely and partially submerged, as long as its the pumping part is under the water surface. These pumps can normally deal with (rather) dirty water.</td></tr><tr><td>Dioxin</td><td>Concern about them arises from their (potential) toxicity as contaminants in commercial products or within the exhaust gasses of volume reducers / incinerators. Tests on laboratory animals indicate that it is one of the more toxic anthropogenic products.</td></tr><tr><td>Disinfectant</td><td>Chemical agent that is able to reduce the viability of micro-organisms on surfaces, liquids (e.g. water) or objects (e.g. medical instruments, waste bins).</td></tr><tr><td>Disinfection</td><td>Treatment aimed at reducing the number of micro-organisms to safe or relatively safe levels on surfaces, liquids (e.g. water) or objects (e.g. medical instruments, waste bins).</td></tr><tr><td>Disposable syringe</td><td>An all-plastic syringe designed for single use.</td></tr><tr><td>Disposal</td><td>Intentional burial, deposit, discharge, dumping, placing or release of any waste material into or on any land sites, air medium, or water bodies as final destination.</td></tr><tr><td>Distribution box</td><td>Construction for collecting wastewater (e.g. effluent from a septic tank) and distributing it equally among several pipes (e.g. drains in a multiple trench infiltration system).</td></tr><tr><td>Domestic waste / Refuse</td><td>Putrescible (organic) or non-putrescible solid waste material from household activities. See solid waste.</td></tr><tr><td>DPD 1</td><td>Chemical used in tablet form with a colorimetric comparator (e.g. pool tester) to measure the Free Residual Chlorine concentration.</td></tr><tr><td>DPD 3</td><td>Chemical used in tablet form and added to a colorimetric comparator (e.g. pool tester) in which a DPD 1 tablet was already added to measure the Total Residual Chlorine concentration. The difference between the Total Residual Chlorine (TRC) and the Free Residual Chlorine (FRC) gives the Combined Residual Chlorine (CRC) concentration.</td></tr><tr><td>Drain</td><td>Underground pipe with pierced holes or slots to allow the passage and infiltration of water.</td></tr><tr><td>Drainage</td><td>Removal of runoff water or wastewater by ditches (&quot;open&quot; system) or pipes (&quot;closed&quot; system).</td></tr><tr><td>Drum</td><td>Any large (e.g. 200 litres) cylindrical shaped container.</td></tr><tr><td>Dumping site</td><td>A site used to dispose of (solid) waste without environmental controls. See disposal.</td></tr><tr><td>Dwelling</td><td>Utilised living space, within or nearby a settlement.</td></tr><tr><td/><td/></tr><tr><td>Effective grain size</td><td>Range and average dimension of grains of sand or other material used as filtration medium material.</td></tr></table>", "filetype": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document", "parent_id": "6b5091d871b0ae6dec87b40ec0ffccd5", "category": "Table", "element_id": "d2c083e24b3d2a21a60b242b1f8a4bec", "chroma:document": "(e.g. washing soap), often found in grey wastewater. Dewatering pump Pump that can be completely and partially submerged, as long as its the pumping part is under the water surface. These pumps can normally deal with (rather) dirty water. Dioxin Concern about them arises from their (potential) toxicity as contaminants in commercial products or within the exhaust gasses of volume reducers / incinerators. Tests on laboratory animals indicate that it is one of the more toxic anthropogenic products. Disinfectant Chemical agent that is able to reduce the viability of micro-organisms on surfaces, liquids (e.g. water) or objects (e.g. medical instruments, waste bins). Disinfection Treatment aimed at reducing the number of micro-organisms to safe or relatively safe levels on surfaces, liquids (e.g. water) or objects (e.g. medical instruments, waste bins). Disposable syringe An all-plastic syringe designed for single use. Disposal Intentional burial, deposit, discharge, dumping, placing or"}


created_at: 2025-03-26 07:38:06
topic: persistent://default/default/14121fdc-614c-4a47-9053-2a3ff7f57827
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{"source": "document/Public_health_engineering_2010.docx", "file_directory": "document", "filename": "Public_health_engineering_2010.docx", "last_modified": "2025-03-26T10:19:09", "text_as_html": "<table><tr><td>Chlorine demand</td><td>Difference between the amount of chlorine added to water and the total residual chlorine level after minimum 30 minutes, meaning the chlorine that is consumed during the disinfection process.</td></tr><tr><td>Cholera</td><td>Intestinal toxi-infection, strictly human, due to Vibrio cholerae infection.</td></tr><tr><td>Coagulation</td><td>Part of the treatment process where the negative electrical charge of the suspended particles in the water becomes neutral, due to the addition of a chemical or biological compound. This step will be followed by flocculation and potentially sedimentation and/or filtration.</td></tr><tr><td>Collection box</td><td>Construction for collecting liquids from different pipes to pass it in one pipe.</td></tr><tr><td>Combined Residual Chlorine (CRC)</td><td>That fraction of the chlorine that has been added to water, which is not consumed, nor is freely available in the water, but has combined with certain substances in the water.</td></tr><tr><td>Compost</td><td>Humus-like product produced by the controlled decomposition of organic matter; either night soil or sludge mixed with organic material rich in carbon (such as refuse or sawdust); and valued as fertilizer or mainly as soil conditioner.</td></tr><tr><td>Concrete ring</td><td>Short concrete cylinder for supporting and lining the sides of a well / pit to make them impermeable and/or stable.</td></tr><tr><td>Contact time</td><td>Period necessary for the reaction of chlorine with organic matter contained in water (at least 30 minutes for chlorine, depending on the pH and temperature of the water to be treated). Time that a high chlorine concentration stays within a well / borehole / reservoir for them to be disinfected (time depending on the method used).</td></tr><tr><td>Contamination</td><td>Introduction of potentially pathogenic micro-organisms or chemical substances presenting health risks into any environmental medium.</td></tr><tr><td>Controlled tipping</td><td>Method of disposal of solid wastes by burial in successive layers on a terrain that is exclusively reserved for this purpose. See Sanitary landfill.</td></tr><tr><td>Cytotoxic waste</td><td>All material that has been in contact with cytotoxic drugs, which are possessing a potential specific destructive action on cells.</td></tr><tr><td/><td/></tr><tr><td>Decontamination</td><td>Action to reduce contamination risks to harmless levels for people or the environment.</td></tr><tr><td>Defecation</td><td>Passage of waste matter from the bowels.</td></tr><tr><td>Density</td><td>Mass of matter within a certain volume.</td></tr><tr><td>Detergence</td><td>Physical-chemical action of a product combined with a mechanical brushing and rinsing action.</td></tr><tr><td>Detergent</td><td>Compound used in cleaning products (e.g. washing soap), often found in grey wastewater.</td></tr><tr><td>Dewatering pump</td><td>Pump that can be completely and partially submerged, as long as its the pumping part is under the water surface. These pumps can normally deal with (rather) dirty water.</td></tr><tr><td>Dioxin</td><td>Concern about them arises from their (potential) toxicity as contaminants in commercial products or within the exhaust gasses of volume reducers / incinerators. Tests on laboratory animals indicate that it is one of the more toxic anthropogenic products.</td></tr><tr><td>Disinfectant</td><td>Chemical agent that is able to reduce the viability of micro-organisms on surfaces, liquids (e.g. water) or objects (e.g. medical instruments, waste bins).</td></tr><tr><td>Disinfection</td><td>Treatment aimed at reducing the number of micro-organisms to safe or relatively safe levels on surfaces, liquids (e.g. water) or objects (e.g. medical instruments, waste bins).</td></tr><tr><td>Disposable syringe</td><td>An all-plastic syringe designed for single use.</td></tr><tr><td>Disposal</td><td>Intentional burial, deposit, discharge, dumping, placing or release of any waste material into or on any land sites, air medium, or water bodies as final destination.</td></tr><tr><td>Distribution box</td><td>Construction for collecting wastewater (e.g. effluent from a septic tank) and distributing it equally among several pipes (e.g. drains in a multiple trench infiltration system).</td></tr><tr><td>Domestic waste / Refuse</td><td>Putrescible (organic) or non-putrescible solid waste material from household activities. See solid waste.</td></tr><tr><td>DPD 1</td><td>Chemical used in tablet form with a colorimetric comparator (e.g. pool tester) to measure the Free Residual Chlorine concentration.</td></tr><tr><td>DPD 3</td><td>Chemical used in tablet form and added to a colorimetric comparator (e.g. pool tester) in which a DPD 1 tablet was already added to measure the Total Residual Chlorine concentration. The difference between the Total Residual Chlorine (TRC) and the Free Residual Chlorine (FRC) gives the Combined Residual Chlorine (CRC) concentration.</td></tr><tr><td>Drain</td><td>Underground pipe with pierced holes or slots to allow the passage and infiltration of water.</td></tr><tr><td>Drainage</td><td>Removal of runoff water or wastewater by ditches (&quot;open&quot; system) or pipes (&quot;closed&quot; system).</td></tr><tr><td>Drum</td><td>Any large (e.g. 200 litres) cylindrical shaped container.</td></tr><tr><td>Dumping site</td><td>A site used to dispose of (solid) waste without environmental controls. See disposal.</td></tr><tr><td>Dwelling</td><td>Utilised living space, within or nearby a settlement.</td></tr><tr><td/><td/></tr><tr><td>Effective grain size</td><td>Range and average dimension of grains of sand or other material used as filtration medium material.</td></tr></table>", "filetype": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document", "parent_id": "6b5091d871b0ae6dec87b40ec0ffccd5", "category": "Table", "element_id": "d2c083e24b3d2a21a60b242b1f8a4bec", "chroma:document": "(e.g. water) or objects (e.g. medical instruments, waste bins). Disposable syringe An all-plastic syringe designed for single use. Disposal Intentional burial, deposit, discharge, dumping, placing or release of any waste material into or on any land sites, air medium, or water bodies as final destination. Distribution box Construction for collecting wastewater (e.g. effluent from a septic tank) and distributing it equally among several pipes (e.g. drains in a multiple trench infiltration system). Domestic waste / Refuse Putrescible (organic) or non-putrescible solid waste material from household activities. See solid waste. DPD 1 Chemical used in tablet form with a colorimetric comparator (e.g. pool tester) to measure the Free Residual Chlorine concentration. DPD 3 Chemical used in tablet form and added to a colorimetric comparator (e.g. pool tester) in which a DPD 1 tablet was already added to measure the Total Residual Chlorine concentration. The difference between the Total"}


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{"source": "document/Public_health_engineering_2010.docx", "file_directory": "document", "filename": "Public_health_engineering_2010.docx", "last_modified": "2025-03-26T10:19:09", "text_as_html": "<table><tr><td>Chlorine demand</td><td>Difference between the amount of chlorine added to water and the total residual chlorine level after minimum 30 minutes, meaning the chlorine that is consumed during the disinfection process.</td></tr><tr><td>Cholera</td><td>Intestinal toxi-infection, strictly human, due to Vibrio cholerae infection.</td></tr><tr><td>Coagulation</td><td>Part of the treatment process where the negative electrical charge of the suspended particles in the water becomes neutral, due to the addition of a chemical or biological compound. This step will be followed by flocculation and potentially sedimentation and/or filtration.</td></tr><tr><td>Collection box</td><td>Construction for collecting liquids from different pipes to pass it in one pipe.</td></tr><tr><td>Combined Residual Chlorine (CRC)</td><td>That fraction of the chlorine that has been added to water, which is not consumed, nor is freely available in the water, but has combined with certain substances in the water.</td></tr><tr><td>Compost</td><td>Humus-like product produced by the controlled decomposition of organic matter; either night soil or sludge mixed with organic material rich in carbon (such as refuse or sawdust); and valued as fertilizer or mainly as soil conditioner.</td></tr><tr><td>Concrete ring</td><td>Short concrete cylinder for supporting and lining the sides of a well / pit to make them impermeable and/or stable.</td></tr><tr><td>Contact time</td><td>Period necessary for the reaction of chlorine with organic matter contained in water (at least 30 minutes for chlorine, depending on the pH and temperature of the water to be treated). Time that a high chlorine concentration stays within a well / borehole / reservoir for them to be disinfected (time depending on the method used).</td></tr><tr><td>Contamination</td><td>Introduction of potentially pathogenic micro-organisms or chemical substances presenting health risks into any environmental medium.</td></tr><tr><td>Controlled tipping</td><td>Method of disposal of solid wastes by burial in successive layers on a terrain that is exclusively reserved for this purpose. See Sanitary landfill.</td></tr><tr><td>Cytotoxic waste</td><td>All material that has been in contact with cytotoxic drugs, which are possessing a potential specific destructive action on cells.</td></tr><tr><td/><td/></tr><tr><td>Decontamination</td><td>Action to reduce contamination risks to harmless levels for people or the environment.</td></tr><tr><td>Defecation</td><td>Passage of waste matter from the bowels.</td></tr><tr><td>Density</td><td>Mass of matter within a certain volume.</td></tr><tr><td>Detergence</td><td>Physical-chemical action of a product combined with a mechanical brushing and rinsing action.</td></tr><tr><td>Detergent</td><td>Compound used in cleaning products (e.g. washing soap), often found in grey wastewater.</td></tr><tr><td>Dewatering pump</td><td>Pump that can be completely and partially submerged, as long as its the pumping part is under the water surface. These pumps can normally deal with (rather) dirty water.</td></tr><tr><td>Dioxin</td><td>Concern about them arises from their (potential) toxicity as contaminants in commercial products or within the exhaust gasses of volume reducers / incinerators. Tests on laboratory animals indicate that it is one of the more toxic anthropogenic products.</td></tr><tr><td>Disinfectant</td><td>Chemical agent that is able to reduce the viability of micro-organisms on surfaces, liquids (e.g. water) or objects (e.g. medical instruments, waste bins).</td></tr><tr><td>Disinfection</td><td>Treatment aimed at reducing the number of micro-organisms to safe or relatively safe levels on surfaces, liquids (e.g. water) or objects (e.g. medical instruments, waste bins).</td></tr><tr><td>Disposable syringe</td><td>An all-plastic syringe designed for single use.</td></tr><tr><td>Disposal</td><td>Intentional burial, deposit, discharge, dumping, placing or release of any waste material into or on any land sites, air medium, or water bodies as final destination.</td></tr><tr><td>Distribution box</td><td>Construction for collecting wastewater (e.g. effluent from a septic tank) and distributing it equally among several pipes (e.g. drains in a multiple trench infiltration system).</td></tr><tr><td>Domestic waste / Refuse</td><td>Putrescible (organic) or non-putrescible solid waste material from household activities. See solid waste.</td></tr><tr><td>DPD 1</td><td>Chemical used in tablet form with a colorimetric comparator (e.g. pool tester) to measure the Free Residual Chlorine concentration.</td></tr><tr><td>DPD 3</td><td>Chemical used in tablet form and added to a colorimetric comparator (e.g. pool tester) in which a DPD 1 tablet was already added to measure the Total Residual Chlorine concentration. The difference between the Total Residual Chlorine (TRC) and the Free Residual Chlorine (FRC) gives the Combined Residual Chlorine (CRC) concentration.</td></tr><tr><td>Drain</td><td>Underground pipe with pierced holes or slots to allow the passage and infiltration of water.</td></tr><tr><td>Drainage</td><td>Removal of runoff water or wastewater by ditches (&quot;open&quot; system) or pipes (&quot;closed&quot; system).</td></tr><tr><td>Drum</td><td>Any large (e.g. 200 litres) cylindrical shaped container.</td></tr><tr><td>Dumping site</td><td>A site used to dispose of (solid) waste without environmental controls. See disposal.</td></tr><tr><td>Dwelling</td><td>Utilised living space, within or nearby a settlement.</td></tr><tr><td/><td/></tr><tr><td>Effective grain size</td><td>Range and average dimension of grains of sand or other material used as filtration medium material.</td></tr></table>", "filetype": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document", "parent_id": "6b5091d871b0ae6dec87b40ec0ffccd5", "category": "Table", "element_id": "d2c083e24b3d2a21a60b242b1f8a4bec", "chroma:document": "tablet form and added to a colorimetric comparator (e.g. pool tester) in which a DPD 1 tablet was already added to measure the Total Residual Chlorine concentration. The difference between the Total Residual Chlorine (TRC) and the Free Residual Chlorine (FRC) gives the Combined Residual Chlorine (CRC) concentration. Drain Underground pipe with pierced holes or slots to allow the passage and infiltration of water. Drainage Removal of runoff water or wastewater by ditches (\"open\" system) or pipes (\"closed\" system). Drum Any large (e.g. 200 litres) cylindrical shaped container. Dumping site A site used to dispose of (solid) waste without environmental controls. See disposal. Dwelling Utilised living space, within or nearby a settlement. Effective grain size Range and average dimension of grains of sand or other material used as filtration medium material."}


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{"source": "document/Public_health_engineering_2010.docx", "file_directory": "document", "filename": "Public_health_engineering_2010.docx", "last_modified": "2025-03-26T10:19:09", "text_as_html": "<table><tr><td>Effluent</td><td>Partially or totally treated wastewater coming from a treatment unit and going to secondary treatment or disposal in the environment.</td></tr><tr><td>Emergence / Eye</td><td>Place where spring water appears at the surface.</td></tr><tr><td>Encapsulation</td><td>Waste disposal method used to immobilize hazardous waste (e.g. expired or unwanted pharmaceuticals) by containment within a cement, lime and water mixture (3 / 3 / 1 parts by weight) in a sealed drum.</td></tr><tr><td>Environmental impact</td><td>The positive and negative effects of a certain action on the population, the surrounding mediums (e.g. air, soil, water) and the climate.</td></tr><tr><td>Escherichia coliform (E-coli)</td><td>A bacteria group often used as the indicator of choice in micro-biological analysis for faecal pollution (of warm blooded animals, humans included).</td></tr><tr><td>Evapo-transpiration</td><td>Natural process where water is removed / lost into the air by a combination of direct soil evaporation and transpiration by plants. This principle can be used for the disposal of wastewater, particularly in arid areas.</td></tr><tr><td>Excreta</td><td>Human wastes, particularly faeces and urine.</td></tr><tr><td/><td/></tr><tr><td>Faeco-oral transmission</td><td>Transmission of pathogens from faecal matter to the digestive system via the mouth (e.g. faecal contamination of water, food, hands).</td></tr><tr><td>Ferrocement</td><td>Technique of constructing walls by applying layers of cement mortar to a framework of wire / mesh.</td></tr><tr><td>Fertilizer</td><td>Substance (chemical or organic) used in agriculture to improve soil fertility.</td></tr><tr><td>Filtration</td><td>Passage of water through a porous medium (filter) that traps solid and sometimes dissolved particles. This principle can happen naturally or be man-made to remove elements that are unwanted and/or hazardous to health (e.g. suspended particles, pathogens).</td></tr><tr><td>Final disposal</td><td>Disposal that is undertaken without the intention of retrieval in a later stage. See disposal.</td></tr><tr><td>Flocculation</td><td>Process by which suspended solids in water are aggregated into clusters through biological or chemical action (coagulation), so that they can be separated from water by sedimentation or filtration.</td></tr><tr><td>Flock</td><td>A cluster of suspended solids formed in the water by biological or chemical action. See flocculation.</td></tr><tr><td>Flow rate</td><td>The rate at which a fluid is flowing, either naturally or man-made (e.g. pumps). Expressed as volume per time unit (e.g. litres per second, m\u00b3 per hour).</td></tr><tr><td>Free Residual Chlorine (FRC)</td><td>That fraction of the chlorine that has been added to the water, which is not consumed, nor combined with certain substances in the water, but that remains freely available in excess after a contact time of at least 30 minutes, and has as such still a rapid disinfecting capacity. (desired concentration: 0.2 to 0.5 mg/l if pH &lt; 8; 0.4 to 1.0 mg/l if pH &gt; 8)</td></tr><tr><td>Furan</td><td>Substance / contaminant found in different concentrations in combustion smoke (e.g. wood), thus also in the exhaust gasses of engines and incinerators, depending on the combustion quality. Furan is carcinogenic to humans and its primary exposure route is inhalation.</td></tr><tr><td/><td/></tr><tr><td>Germ</td><td>General term that refers to micro-organisms such as bacteria, protozoa, viruses, fungi that are harmful to health.</td></tr><tr><td>Gravel</td><td>Small (river) stones, used in construction, which can be found naturally or are produced by crushing larger stones.</td></tr><tr><td>Grease trap</td><td>Special construction for separating grease, fat or oil from grey wastewater, before secondary treatment or its disposal in infiltration facilities (e.g. soak away pit, infiltration trenches) or into the sewer.</td></tr><tr><td>Grey water</td><td>Domestic wastewater not containing excreta, also called sullage.</td></tr><tr><td>Groundwater</td><td>Infiltrated water contained in underground porous layers, forming a body of water, which can supply wells and springs.</td></tr><tr><td/><td/></tr><tr><td>Hazardous</td><td>Intrinsic potential property or ability to cause harm.</td></tr><tr><td>Hazardous waste</td><td>Waste (often medical) that is considered to be dangerous for health or the environment; includes e.g. expired or unwanted drugs, laboratory reagents, insecticides, X-ray related waste, expired disinfectants.</td></tr><tr><td>Health care waste</td><td>Waste generated by all kinds of medical activities, including medical waste (sharp, soft, organic and hazardous waste), excreta and wastewater.</td></tr><tr><td>Heavy metal</td><td>Metallic elements with high atomic weight (e.g. mercury, chromium, cadmium, arsenic, and lead) that can harm living beings at low concentrations and tend to accumulate in the food chain.</td></tr><tr><td>Helminths</td><td>Scientific name for worms.</td></tr><tr><td>Host</td><td>A living organism (e.g. human patient, animal) that maintains or harbours an infectious agent (virus, bacteria or parasite). Considered as a part of disease transmission.</td></tr><tr><td>Human waste</td><td>Faeces and urine (excreta).</td></tr></table>", "filetype": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document", "parent_id": "6b5091d871b0ae6dec87b40ec0ffccd5", "category": "Table", "element_id": "1246b7dad770f5468c3dcaba5ac04c5b", "chroma:document": "Effluent Partially or totally treated wastewater coming from a treatment unit and going to secondary treatment or disposal in the environment. Emergence / Eye Place where spring water appears at the surface. Encapsulation Waste disposal method used to immobilize hazardous waste (e.g. expired or unwanted pharmaceuticals) by containment within a cement, lime and water mixture (3 / 3 / 1 parts by weight) in a sealed drum. Environmental impact The positive and negative effects of a certain action on the population, the surrounding mediums (e.g. air, soil, water) and the climate. Escherichia coliform (E-coli) A bacteria group often used as the indicator of choice in micro-biological analysis for faecal pollution (of warm blooded animals, humans included). Evapo-transpiration Natural process where water is removed / lost into the air by a combination of direct soil evaporation and transpiration by plants. This principle can be used for the disposal of wastewater, particularly in arid areas."}


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{"source": "document/Public_health_engineering_2010.docx", "file_directory": "document", "filename": "Public_health_engineering_2010.docx", "last_modified": "2025-03-26T10:19:09", "text_as_html": "<table><tr><td>Effluent</td><td>Partially or totally treated wastewater coming from a treatment unit and going to secondary treatment or disposal in the environment.</td></tr><tr><td>Emergence / Eye</td><td>Place where spring water appears at the surface.</td></tr><tr><td>Encapsulation</td><td>Waste disposal method used to immobilize hazardous waste (e.g. expired or unwanted pharmaceuticals) by containment within a cement, lime and water mixture (3 / 3 / 1 parts by weight) in a sealed drum.</td></tr><tr><td>Environmental impact</td><td>The positive and negative effects of a certain action on the population, the surrounding mediums (e.g. air, soil, water) and the climate.</td></tr><tr><td>Escherichia coliform (E-coli)</td><td>A bacteria group often used as the indicator of choice in micro-biological analysis for faecal pollution (of warm blooded animals, humans included).</td></tr><tr><td>Evapo-transpiration</td><td>Natural process where water is removed / lost into the air by a combination of direct soil evaporation and transpiration by plants. This principle can be used for the disposal of wastewater, particularly in arid areas.</td></tr><tr><td>Excreta</td><td>Human wastes, particularly faeces and urine.</td></tr><tr><td/><td/></tr><tr><td>Faeco-oral transmission</td><td>Transmission of pathogens from faecal matter to the digestive system via the mouth (e.g. faecal contamination of water, food, hands).</td></tr><tr><td>Ferrocement</td><td>Technique of constructing walls by applying layers of cement mortar to a framework of wire / mesh.</td></tr><tr><td>Fertilizer</td><td>Substance (chemical or organic) used in agriculture to improve soil fertility.</td></tr><tr><td>Filtration</td><td>Passage of water through a porous medium (filter) that traps solid and sometimes dissolved particles. This principle can happen naturally or be man-made to remove elements that are unwanted and/or hazardous to health (e.g. suspended particles, pathogens).</td></tr><tr><td>Final disposal</td><td>Disposal that is undertaken without the intention of retrieval in a later stage. See disposal.</td></tr><tr><td>Flocculation</td><td>Process by which suspended solids in water are aggregated into clusters through biological or chemical action (coagulation), so that they can be separated from water by sedimentation or filtration.</td></tr><tr><td>Flock</td><td>A cluster of suspended solids formed in the water by biological or chemical action. See flocculation.</td></tr><tr><td>Flow rate</td><td>The rate at which a fluid is flowing, either naturally or man-made (e.g. pumps). Expressed as volume per time unit (e.g. litres per second, m\u00b3 per hour).</td></tr><tr><td>Free Residual Chlorine (FRC)</td><td>That fraction of the chlorine that has been added to the water, which is not consumed, nor combined with certain substances in the water, but that remains freely available in excess after a contact time of at least 30 minutes, and has as such still a rapid disinfecting capacity. (desired concentration: 0.2 to 0.5 mg/l if pH &lt; 8; 0.4 to 1.0 mg/l if pH &gt; 8)</td></tr><tr><td>Furan</td><td>Substance / contaminant found in different concentrations in combustion smoke (e.g. wood), thus also in the exhaust gasses of engines and incinerators, depending on the combustion quality. Furan is carcinogenic to humans and its primary exposure route is inhalation.</td></tr><tr><td/><td/></tr><tr><td>Germ</td><td>General term that refers to micro-organisms such as bacteria, protozoa, viruses, fungi that are harmful to health.</td></tr><tr><td>Gravel</td><td>Small (river) stones, used in construction, which can be found naturally or are produced by crushing larger stones.</td></tr><tr><td>Grease trap</td><td>Special construction for separating grease, fat or oil from grey wastewater, before secondary treatment or its disposal in infiltration facilities (e.g. soak away pit, infiltration trenches) or into the sewer.</td></tr><tr><td>Grey water</td><td>Domestic wastewater not containing excreta, also called sullage.</td></tr><tr><td>Groundwater</td><td>Infiltrated water contained in underground porous layers, forming a body of water, which can supply wells and springs.</td></tr><tr><td/><td/></tr><tr><td>Hazardous</td><td>Intrinsic potential property or ability to cause harm.</td></tr><tr><td>Hazardous waste</td><td>Waste (often medical) that is considered to be dangerous for health or the environment; includes e.g. expired or unwanted drugs, laboratory reagents, insecticides, X-ray related waste, expired disinfectants.</td></tr><tr><td>Health care waste</td><td>Waste generated by all kinds of medical activities, including medical waste (sharp, soft, organic and hazardous waste), excreta and wastewater.</td></tr><tr><td>Heavy metal</td><td>Metallic elements with high atomic weight (e.g. mercury, chromium, cadmium, arsenic, and lead) that can harm living beings at low concentrations and tend to accumulate in the food chain.</td></tr><tr><td>Helminths</td><td>Scientific name for worms.</td></tr><tr><td>Host</td><td>A living organism (e.g. human patient, animal) that maintains or harbours an infectious agent (virus, bacteria or parasite). Considered as a part of disease transmission.</td></tr><tr><td>Human waste</td><td>Faeces and urine (excreta).</td></tr></table>", "filetype": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document", "parent_id": "6b5091d871b0ae6dec87b40ec0ffccd5", "category": "Table", "element_id": "1246b7dad770f5468c3dcaba5ac04c5b", "chroma:document": "water is removed / lost into the air by a combination of direct soil evaporation and transpiration by plants. This principle can be used for the disposal of wastewater, particularly in arid areas. Excreta Human wastes, particularly faeces and urine. Faeco-oral transmission Transmission of pathogens from faecal matter to the digestive system via the mouth (e.g. faecal contamination of water, food, hands). Ferrocement Technique of constructing walls by applying layers of cement mortar to a framework of wire / mesh. Fertilizer Substance (chemical or organic) used in agriculture to improve soil fertility. Filtration Passage of water through a porous medium (filter) that traps solid and sometimes dissolved particles. This principle can happen naturally or be man-made to remove elements that are unwanted and/or hazardous to health (e.g. suspended particles, pathogens). Final disposal Disposal that is undertaken without the intention of retrieval in a later stage. See disposal. Flocculation"}


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{"source": "document/Public_health_engineering_2010.docx", "file_directory": "document", "filename": "Public_health_engineering_2010.docx", "last_modified": "2025-03-26T10:19:09", "text_as_html": "<table><tr><td>Effluent</td><td>Partially or totally treated wastewater coming from a treatment unit and going to secondary treatment or disposal in the environment.</td></tr><tr><td>Emergence / Eye</td><td>Place where spring water appears at the surface.</td></tr><tr><td>Encapsulation</td><td>Waste disposal method used to immobilize hazardous waste (e.g. expired or unwanted pharmaceuticals) by containment within a cement, lime and water mixture (3 / 3 / 1 parts by weight) in a sealed drum.</td></tr><tr><td>Environmental impact</td><td>The positive and negative effects of a certain action on the population, the surrounding mediums (e.g. air, soil, water) and the climate.</td></tr><tr><td>Escherichia coliform (E-coli)</td><td>A bacteria group often used as the indicator of choice in micro-biological analysis for faecal pollution (of warm blooded animals, humans included).</td></tr><tr><td>Evapo-transpiration</td><td>Natural process where water is removed / lost into the air by a combination of direct soil evaporation and transpiration by plants. This principle can be used for the disposal of wastewater, particularly in arid areas.</td></tr><tr><td>Excreta</td><td>Human wastes, particularly faeces and urine.</td></tr><tr><td/><td/></tr><tr><td>Faeco-oral transmission</td><td>Transmission of pathogens from faecal matter to the digestive system via the mouth (e.g. faecal contamination of water, food, hands).</td></tr><tr><td>Ferrocement</td><td>Technique of constructing walls by applying layers of cement mortar to a framework of wire / mesh.</td></tr><tr><td>Fertilizer</td><td>Substance (chemical or organic) used in agriculture to improve soil fertility.</td></tr><tr><td>Filtration</td><td>Passage of water through a porous medium (filter) that traps solid and sometimes dissolved particles. This principle can happen naturally or be man-made to remove elements that are unwanted and/or hazardous to health (e.g. suspended particles, pathogens).</td></tr><tr><td>Final disposal</td><td>Disposal that is undertaken without the intention of retrieval in a later stage. See disposal.</td></tr><tr><td>Flocculation</td><td>Process by which suspended solids in water are aggregated into clusters through biological or chemical action (coagulation), so that they can be separated from water by sedimentation or filtration.</td></tr><tr><td>Flock</td><td>A cluster of suspended solids formed in the water by biological or chemical action. See flocculation.</td></tr><tr><td>Flow rate</td><td>The rate at which a fluid is flowing, either naturally or man-made (e.g. pumps). Expressed as volume per time unit (e.g. litres per second, m\u00b3 per hour).</td></tr><tr><td>Free Residual Chlorine (FRC)</td><td>That fraction of the chlorine that has been added to the water, which is not consumed, nor combined with certain substances in the water, but that remains freely available in excess after a contact time of at least 30 minutes, and has as such still a rapid disinfecting capacity. (desired concentration: 0.2 to 0.5 mg/l if pH &lt; 8; 0.4 to 1.0 mg/l if pH &gt; 8)</td></tr><tr><td>Furan</td><td>Substance / contaminant found in different concentrations in combustion smoke (e.g. wood), thus also in the exhaust gasses of engines and incinerators, depending on the combustion quality. Furan is carcinogenic to humans and its primary exposure route is inhalation.</td></tr><tr><td/><td/></tr><tr><td>Germ</td><td>General term that refers to micro-organisms such as bacteria, protozoa, viruses, fungi that are harmful to health.</td></tr><tr><td>Gravel</td><td>Small (river) stones, used in construction, which can be found naturally or are produced by crushing larger stones.</td></tr><tr><td>Grease trap</td><td>Special construction for separating grease, fat or oil from grey wastewater, before secondary treatment or its disposal in infiltration facilities (e.g. soak away pit, infiltration trenches) or into the sewer.</td></tr><tr><td>Grey water</td><td>Domestic wastewater not containing excreta, also called sullage.</td></tr><tr><td>Groundwater</td><td>Infiltrated water contained in underground porous layers, forming a body of water, which can supply wells and springs.</td></tr><tr><td/><td/></tr><tr><td>Hazardous</td><td>Intrinsic potential property or ability to cause harm.</td></tr><tr><td>Hazardous waste</td><td>Waste (often medical) that is considered to be dangerous for health or the environment; includes e.g. expired or unwanted drugs, laboratory reagents, insecticides, X-ray related waste, expired disinfectants.</td></tr><tr><td>Health care waste</td><td>Waste generated by all kinds of medical activities, including medical waste (sharp, soft, organic and hazardous waste), excreta and wastewater.</td></tr><tr><td>Heavy metal</td><td>Metallic elements with high atomic weight (e.g. mercury, chromium, cadmium, arsenic, and lead) that can harm living beings at low concentrations and tend to accumulate in the food chain.</td></tr><tr><td>Helminths</td><td>Scientific name for worms.</td></tr><tr><td>Host</td><td>A living organism (e.g. human patient, animal) that maintains or harbours an infectious agent (virus, bacteria or parasite). Considered as a part of disease transmission.</td></tr><tr><td>Human waste</td><td>Faeces and urine (excreta).</td></tr></table>", "filetype": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document", "parent_id": "6b5091d871b0ae6dec87b40ec0ffccd5", "category": "Table", "element_id": "1246b7dad770f5468c3dcaba5ac04c5b", "chroma:document": "unwanted and/or hazardous to health (e.g. suspended particles, pathogens). Final disposal Disposal that is undertaken without the intention of retrieval in a later stage. See disposal. Flocculation Process by which suspended solids in water are aggregated into clusters through biological or chemical action (coagulation), so that they can be separated from water by sedimentation or filtration. Flock A cluster of suspended solids formed in the water by biological or chemical action. See flocculation. Flow rate The rate at which a fluid is flowing, either naturally or man-made (e.g. pumps). Expressed as volume per time unit (e.g. litres per second, m\u00b3 per hour). Free Residual Chlorine (FRC) That fraction of the chlorine that has been added to the water, which is not consumed, nor combined with certain substances in the water, but that remains freely available in excess after a contact time of at least 30 minutes, and has as such still a rapid disinfecting capacity. (desired"}


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{"source": "document/Public_health_engineering_2010.docx", "file_directory": "document", "filename": "Public_health_engineering_2010.docx", "last_modified": "2025-03-26T10:19:09", "text_as_html": "<table><tr><td>Effluent</td><td>Partially or totally treated wastewater coming from a treatment unit and going to secondary treatment or disposal in the environment.</td></tr><tr><td>Emergence / Eye</td><td>Place where spring water appears at the surface.</td></tr><tr><td>Encapsulation</td><td>Waste disposal method used to immobilize hazardous waste (e.g. expired or unwanted pharmaceuticals) by containment within a cement, lime and water mixture (3 / 3 / 1 parts by weight) in a sealed drum.</td></tr><tr><td>Environmental impact</td><td>The positive and negative effects of a certain action on the population, the surrounding mediums (e.g. air, soil, water) and the climate.</td></tr><tr><td>Escherichia coliform (E-coli)</td><td>A bacteria group often used as the indicator of choice in micro-biological analysis for faecal pollution (of warm blooded animals, humans included).</td></tr><tr><td>Evapo-transpiration</td><td>Natural process where water is removed / lost into the air by a combination of direct soil evaporation and transpiration by plants. This principle can be used for the disposal of wastewater, particularly in arid areas.</td></tr><tr><td>Excreta</td><td>Human wastes, particularly faeces and urine.</td></tr><tr><td/><td/></tr><tr><td>Faeco-oral transmission</td><td>Transmission of pathogens from faecal matter to the digestive system via the mouth (e.g. faecal contamination of water, food, hands).</td></tr><tr><td>Ferrocement</td><td>Technique of constructing walls by applying layers of cement mortar to a framework of wire / mesh.</td></tr><tr><td>Fertilizer</td><td>Substance (chemical or organic) used in agriculture to improve soil fertility.</td></tr><tr><td>Filtration</td><td>Passage of water through a porous medium (filter) that traps solid and sometimes dissolved particles. This principle can happen naturally or be man-made to remove elements that are unwanted and/or hazardous to health (e.g. suspended particles, pathogens).</td></tr><tr><td>Final disposal</td><td>Disposal that is undertaken without the intention of retrieval in a later stage. See disposal.</td></tr><tr><td>Flocculation</td><td>Process by which suspended solids in water are aggregated into clusters through biological or chemical action (coagulation), so that they can be separated from water by sedimentation or filtration.</td></tr><tr><td>Flock</td><td>A cluster of suspended solids formed in the water by biological or chemical action. See flocculation.</td></tr><tr><td>Flow rate</td><td>The rate at which a fluid is flowing, either naturally or man-made (e.g. pumps). Expressed as volume per time unit (e.g. litres per second, m\u00b3 per hour).</td></tr><tr><td>Free Residual Chlorine (FRC)</td><td>That fraction of the chlorine that has been added to the water, which is not consumed, nor combined with certain substances in the water, but that remains freely available in excess after a contact time of at least 30 minutes, and has as such still a rapid disinfecting capacity. (desired concentration: 0.2 to 0.5 mg/l if pH &lt; 8; 0.4 to 1.0 mg/l if pH &gt; 8)</td></tr><tr><td>Furan</td><td>Substance / contaminant found in different concentrations in combustion smoke (e.g. wood), thus also in the exhaust gasses of engines and incinerators, depending on the combustion quality. Furan is carcinogenic to humans and its primary exposure route is inhalation.</td></tr><tr><td/><td/></tr><tr><td>Germ</td><td>General term that refers to micro-organisms such as bacteria, protozoa, viruses, fungi that are harmful to health.</td></tr><tr><td>Gravel</td><td>Small (river) stones, used in construction, which can be found naturally or are produced by crushing larger stones.</td></tr><tr><td>Grease trap</td><td>Special construction for separating grease, fat or oil from grey wastewater, before secondary treatment or its disposal in infiltration facilities (e.g. soak away pit, infiltration trenches) or into the sewer.</td></tr><tr><td>Grey water</td><td>Domestic wastewater not containing excreta, also called sullage.</td></tr><tr><td>Groundwater</td><td>Infiltrated water contained in underground porous layers, forming a body of water, which can supply wells and springs.</td></tr><tr><td/><td/></tr><tr><td>Hazardous</td><td>Intrinsic potential property or ability to cause harm.</td></tr><tr><td>Hazardous waste</td><td>Waste (often medical) that is considered to be dangerous for health or the environment; includes e.g. expired or unwanted drugs, laboratory reagents, insecticides, X-ray related waste, expired disinfectants.</td></tr><tr><td>Health care waste</td><td>Waste generated by all kinds of medical activities, including medical waste (sharp, soft, organic and hazardous waste), excreta and wastewater.</td></tr><tr><td>Heavy metal</td><td>Metallic elements with high atomic weight (e.g. mercury, chromium, cadmium, arsenic, and lead) that can harm living beings at low concentrations and tend to accumulate in the food chain.</td></tr><tr><td>Helminths</td><td>Scientific name for worms.</td></tr><tr><td>Host</td><td>A living organism (e.g. human patient, animal) that maintains or harbours an infectious agent (virus, bacteria or parasite). Considered as a part of disease transmission.</td></tr><tr><td>Human waste</td><td>Faeces and urine (excreta).</td></tr></table>", "filetype": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document", "parent_id": "6b5091d871b0ae6dec87b40ec0ffccd5", "category": "Table", "element_id": "1246b7dad770f5468c3dcaba5ac04c5b", "chroma:document": "combined with certain substances in the water, but that remains freely available in excess after a contact time of at least 30 minutes, and has as such still a rapid disinfecting capacity. (desired concentration: 0.2 to 0.5 mg/l if pH < 8; 0.4 to 1.0 mg/l if pH > 8) Furan Substance / contaminant found in different concentrations in combustion smoke (e.g. wood), thus also in the exhaust gasses of engines and incinerators, depending on the combustion quality. Furan is carcinogenic to humans and its primary exposure route is inhalation. Germ General term that refers to micro-organisms such as bacteria, protozoa, viruses, fungi that are harmful to health. Gravel Small (river) stones, used in construction, which can be found naturally or are produced by crushing larger stones. Grease trap Special construction for separating grease, fat or oil from grey wastewater, before secondary treatment or its disposal in infiltration facilities (e.g. soak away pit, infiltration trenches) or into the"}


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{"source": "document/Public_health_engineering_2010.docx", "file_directory": "document", "filename": "Public_health_engineering_2010.docx", "last_modified": "2025-03-26T10:19:09", "text_as_html": "<table><tr><td>Effluent</td><td>Partially or totally treated wastewater coming from a treatment unit and going to secondary treatment or disposal in the environment.</td></tr><tr><td>Emergence / Eye</td><td>Place where spring water appears at the surface.</td></tr><tr><td>Encapsulation</td><td>Waste disposal method used to immobilize hazardous waste (e.g. expired or unwanted pharmaceuticals) by containment within a cement, lime and water mixture (3 / 3 / 1 parts by weight) in a sealed drum.</td></tr><tr><td>Environmental impact</td><td>The positive and negative effects of a certain action on the population, the surrounding mediums (e.g. air, soil, water) and the climate.</td></tr><tr><td>Escherichia coliform (E-coli)</td><td>A bacteria group often used as the indicator of choice in micro-biological analysis for faecal pollution (of warm blooded animals, humans included).</td></tr><tr><td>Evapo-transpiration</td><td>Natural process where water is removed / lost into the air by a combination of direct soil evaporation and transpiration by plants. This principle can be used for the disposal of wastewater, particularly in arid areas.</td></tr><tr><td>Excreta</td><td>Human wastes, particularly faeces and urine.</td></tr><tr><td/><td/></tr><tr><td>Faeco-oral transmission</td><td>Transmission of pathogens from faecal matter to the digestive system via the mouth (e.g. faecal contamination of water, food, hands).</td></tr><tr><td>Ferrocement</td><td>Technique of constructing walls by applying layers of cement mortar to a framework of wire / mesh.</td></tr><tr><td>Fertilizer</td><td>Substance (chemical or organic) used in agriculture to improve soil fertility.</td></tr><tr><td>Filtration</td><td>Passage of water through a porous medium (filter) that traps solid and sometimes dissolved particles. This principle can happen naturally or be man-made to remove elements that are unwanted and/or hazardous to health (e.g. suspended particles, pathogens).</td></tr><tr><td>Final disposal</td><td>Disposal that is undertaken without the intention of retrieval in a later stage. See disposal.</td></tr><tr><td>Flocculation</td><td>Process by which suspended solids in water are aggregated into clusters through biological or chemical action (coagulation), so that they can be separated from water by sedimentation or filtration.</td></tr><tr><td>Flock</td><td>A cluster of suspended solids formed in the water by biological or chemical action. See flocculation.</td></tr><tr><td>Flow rate</td><td>The rate at which a fluid is flowing, either naturally or man-made (e.g. pumps). Expressed as volume per time unit (e.g. litres per second, m\u00b3 per hour).</td></tr><tr><td>Free Residual Chlorine (FRC)</td><td>That fraction of the chlorine that has been added to the water, which is not consumed, nor combined with certain substances in the water, but that remains freely available in excess after a contact time of at least 30 minutes, and has as such still a rapid disinfecting capacity. (desired concentration: 0.2 to 0.5 mg/l if pH &lt; 8; 0.4 to 1.0 mg/l if pH &gt; 8)</td></tr><tr><td>Furan</td><td>Substance / contaminant found in different concentrations in combustion smoke (e.g. wood), thus also in the exhaust gasses of engines and incinerators, depending on the combustion quality. Furan is carcinogenic to humans and its primary exposure route is inhalation.</td></tr><tr><td/><td/></tr><tr><td>Germ</td><td>General term that refers to micro-organisms such as bacteria, protozoa, viruses, fungi that are harmful to health.</td></tr><tr><td>Gravel</td><td>Small (river) stones, used in construction, which can be found naturally or are produced by crushing larger stones.</td></tr><tr><td>Grease trap</td><td>Special construction for separating grease, fat or oil from grey wastewater, before secondary treatment or its disposal in infiltration facilities (e.g. soak away pit, infiltration trenches) or into the sewer.</td></tr><tr><td>Grey water</td><td>Domestic wastewater not containing excreta, also called sullage.</td></tr><tr><td>Groundwater</td><td>Infiltrated water contained in underground porous layers, forming a body of water, which can supply wells and springs.</td></tr><tr><td/><td/></tr><tr><td>Hazardous</td><td>Intrinsic potential property or ability to cause harm.</td></tr><tr><td>Hazardous waste</td><td>Waste (often medical) that is considered to be dangerous for health or the environment; includes e.g. expired or unwanted drugs, laboratory reagents, insecticides, X-ray related waste, expired disinfectants.</td></tr><tr><td>Health care waste</td><td>Waste generated by all kinds of medical activities, including medical waste (sharp, soft, organic and hazardous waste), excreta and wastewater.</td></tr><tr><td>Heavy metal</td><td>Metallic elements with high atomic weight (e.g. mercury, chromium, cadmium, arsenic, and lead) that can harm living beings at low concentrations and tend to accumulate in the food chain.</td></tr><tr><td>Helminths</td><td>Scientific name for worms.</td></tr><tr><td>Host</td><td>A living organism (e.g. human patient, animal) that maintains or harbours an infectious agent (virus, bacteria or parasite). Considered as a part of disease transmission.</td></tr><tr><td>Human waste</td><td>Faeces and urine (excreta).</td></tr></table>", "filetype": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document", "parent_id": "6b5091d871b0ae6dec87b40ec0ffccd5", "category": "Table", "element_id": "1246b7dad770f5468c3dcaba5ac04c5b", "chroma:document": "construction for separating grease, fat or oil from grey wastewater, before secondary treatment or its disposal in infiltration facilities (e.g. soak away pit, infiltration trenches) or into the sewer. Grey water Domestic wastewater not containing excreta, also called sullage. Groundwater Infiltrated water contained in underground porous layers, forming a body of water, which can supply wells and springs. Hazardous Intrinsic potential property or ability to cause harm. Hazardous waste Waste (often medical) that is considered to be dangerous for health or the environment; includes e.g. expired or unwanted drugs, laboratory reagents, insecticides, X-ray related waste, expired disinfectants. Health care waste Waste generated by all kinds of medical activities, including medical waste (sharp, soft, organic and hazardous waste), excreta and wastewater. Heavy metal Metallic elements with high atomic weight (e.g. mercury, chromium, cadmium, arsenic, and lead) that can harm living beings at"}


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{"source": "document/Public_health_engineering_2010.docx", "file_directory": "document", "filename": "Public_health_engineering_2010.docx", "last_modified": "2025-03-26T10:19:09", "text_as_html": "<table><tr><td>Effluent</td><td>Partially or totally treated wastewater coming from a treatment unit and going to secondary treatment or disposal in the environment.</td></tr><tr><td>Emergence / Eye</td><td>Place where spring water appears at the surface.</td></tr><tr><td>Encapsulation</td><td>Waste disposal method used to immobilize hazardous waste (e.g. expired or unwanted pharmaceuticals) by containment within a cement, lime and water mixture (3 / 3 / 1 parts by weight) in a sealed drum.</td></tr><tr><td>Environmental impact</td><td>The positive and negative effects of a certain action on the population, the surrounding mediums (e.g. air, soil, water) and the climate.</td></tr><tr><td>Escherichia coliform (E-coli)</td><td>A bacteria group often used as the indicator of choice in micro-biological analysis for faecal pollution (of warm blooded animals, humans included).</td></tr><tr><td>Evapo-transpiration</td><td>Natural process where water is removed / lost into the air by a combination of direct soil evaporation and transpiration by plants. This principle can be used for the disposal of wastewater, particularly in arid areas.</td></tr><tr><td>Excreta</td><td>Human wastes, particularly faeces and urine.</td></tr><tr><td/><td/></tr><tr><td>Faeco-oral transmission</td><td>Transmission of pathogens from faecal matter to the digestive system via the mouth (e.g. faecal contamination of water, food, hands).</td></tr><tr><td>Ferrocement</td><td>Technique of constructing walls by applying layers of cement mortar to a framework of wire / mesh.</td></tr><tr><td>Fertilizer</td><td>Substance (chemical or organic) used in agriculture to improve soil fertility.</td></tr><tr><td>Filtration</td><td>Passage of water through a porous medium (filter) that traps solid and sometimes dissolved particles. This principle can happen naturally or be man-made to remove elements that are unwanted and/or hazardous to health (e.g. suspended particles, pathogens).</td></tr><tr><td>Final disposal</td><td>Disposal that is undertaken without the intention of retrieval in a later stage. See disposal.</td></tr><tr><td>Flocculation</td><td>Process by which suspended solids in water are aggregated into clusters through biological or chemical action (coagulation), so that they can be separated from water by sedimentation or filtration.</td></tr><tr><td>Flock</td><td>A cluster of suspended solids formed in the water by biological or chemical action. See flocculation.</td></tr><tr><td>Flow rate</td><td>The rate at which a fluid is flowing, either naturally or man-made (e.g. pumps). Expressed as volume per time unit (e.g. litres per second, m\u00b3 per hour).</td></tr><tr><td>Free Residual Chlorine (FRC)</td><td>That fraction of the chlorine that has been added to the water, which is not consumed, nor combined with certain substances in the water, but that remains freely available in excess after a contact time of at least 30 minutes, and has as such still a rapid disinfecting capacity. (desired concentration: 0.2 to 0.5 mg/l if pH &lt; 8; 0.4 to 1.0 mg/l if pH &gt; 8)</td></tr><tr><td>Furan</td><td>Substance / contaminant found in different concentrations in combustion smoke (e.g. wood), thus also in the exhaust gasses of engines and incinerators, depending on the combustion quality. Furan is carcinogenic to humans and its primary exposure route is inhalation.</td></tr><tr><td/><td/></tr><tr><td>Germ</td><td>General term that refers to micro-organisms such as bacteria, protozoa, viruses, fungi that are harmful to health.</td></tr><tr><td>Gravel</td><td>Small (river) stones, used in construction, which can be found naturally or are produced by crushing larger stones.</td></tr><tr><td>Grease trap</td><td>Special construction for separating grease, fat or oil from grey wastewater, before secondary treatment or its disposal in infiltration facilities (e.g. soak away pit, infiltration trenches) or into the sewer.</td></tr><tr><td>Grey water</td><td>Domestic wastewater not containing excreta, also called sullage.</td></tr><tr><td>Groundwater</td><td>Infiltrated water contained in underground porous layers, forming a body of water, which can supply wells and springs.</td></tr><tr><td/><td/></tr><tr><td>Hazardous</td><td>Intrinsic potential property or ability to cause harm.</td></tr><tr><td>Hazardous waste</td><td>Waste (often medical) that is considered to be dangerous for health or the environment; includes e.g. expired or unwanted drugs, laboratory reagents, insecticides, X-ray related waste, expired disinfectants.</td></tr><tr><td>Health care waste</td><td>Waste generated by all kinds of medical activities, including medical waste (sharp, soft, organic and hazardous waste), excreta and wastewater.</td></tr><tr><td>Heavy metal</td><td>Metallic elements with high atomic weight (e.g. mercury, chromium, cadmium, arsenic, and lead) that can harm living beings at low concentrations and tend to accumulate in the food chain.</td></tr><tr><td>Helminths</td><td>Scientific name for worms.</td></tr><tr><td>Host</td><td>A living organism (e.g. human patient, animal) that maintains or harbours an infectious agent (virus, bacteria or parasite). Considered as a part of disease transmission.</td></tr><tr><td>Human waste</td><td>Faeces and urine (excreta).</td></tr></table>", "filetype": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document", "parent_id": "6b5091d871b0ae6dec87b40ec0ffccd5", "category": "Table", "element_id": "1246b7dad770f5468c3dcaba5ac04c5b", "chroma:document": "soft, organic and hazardous waste), excreta and wastewater. Heavy metal Metallic elements with high atomic weight (e.g. mercury, chromium, cadmium, arsenic, and lead) that can harm living beings at low concentrations and tend to accumulate in the food chain. Helminths Scientific name for worms. Host A living organism (e.g. human patient, animal) that maintains or harbours an infectious agent (virus, bacteria or parasite). Considered as a part of disease transmission. Human waste Faeces and urine (excreta)."}


created_at: 2025-03-26 07:38:06
topic: persistent://default/default/14121fdc-614c-4a47-9053-2a3ff7f57827
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{"source": "document/Public_health_engineering_2010.docx", "file_directory": "document", "filename": "Public_health_engineering_2010.docx", "last_modified": "2025-03-26T10:19:09", "text_as_html": "<table><tr><td>Hygiene</td><td>Practises related to cleanliness and health as it prevents the dispersion of diseases.</td></tr><tr><td/><td/></tr><tr><td>Improved trench latrines</td><td>Improved version of normal trench latrines with prefabricated (plastic) slabs and a basic plastic sheeting superstructure for more privacy, still intended for (acute) emergencies.</td></tr><tr><td>Incineration</td><td>A waste treatment process involving destruction of waste by controlled burning at high temperatures, reducing voluminous waste into ashes.</td></tr><tr><td>Incinerator</td><td>A furnace for burning (medical) waste under controlled conditions, often utilised in health facilities as a waste treatment tool. In this manual, mainly double combustion chamber furnaces are referred to as incinerators, in contradiction to volume reducers which only have a single combustion chamber.</td></tr><tr><td>Inertization</td><td>Immobilization of certain powdered / solid hazardous waste (after being crushed) by being embedded within a cement, lime and water mixture (3 / 3 / 1 parts by weight) that solidifies, in order to minimize the risk of toxic substances contained in the waste to migrate to the environment. Used for disposal of pharmaceutical waste.</td></tr><tr><td>Infiltration (rate)</td><td>The quantity of water that can enter the soil in a specified time interval, normally measured as litre per m\u00b2 of infiltration surface a day (l/m\u00b2-day).</td></tr><tr><td>Infiltration trench</td><td>Structure for disposing of wastewater by underground drainage, using trenches and drains.</td></tr><tr><td>Insect</td><td>A kind of arthropod. Insects have three distinct body regions (head, thorax and abdomen), three pairs of legs, one pair of antennae, and usually one or two pairs of wings in the adult phase.</td></tr><tr><td>Irrigation furrow / Irrigated garden</td><td>Vegetable garden watered with clean spilled wastewater recovered from water points (e.g. hand pump, tapstand).</td></tr><tr><td/><td/></tr><tr><td>Lancet</td><td>Puncturing device used to collect blood drops for medical analysis.</td></tr><tr><td>Larva</td><td>The intermediary stage between the egg and the pupa, in the development of an arthropod. See arthropod.</td></tr><tr><td>Larvicide</td><td>A chemical or biological compound which specifically kills insect larva.</td></tr><tr><td>Latrine</td><td>(External) defecation place for deposition, retention and sometimes decomposition of excreta.</td></tr><tr><td>Leachates</td><td>Liquid resulting from decomposition of organic matter in a waste bin, dump sites or landfills, sometimes joined with water trickling through. It may result in hazardous substances entering surface or ground water, or the soil.</td></tr><tr><td>Lime</td><td>Ca(OH)2. Yellowish white stone or powder. Can be found in the environment and has various uses; e.g. construction, water treatment, waste disposal.</td></tr><tr><td>Lining</td><td>Construction strengthening / sleeving / supporting a mainly underground structure, like for hand dug wells, pit latrines and waste pits.</td></tr><tr><td>Luer syringe</td><td>Syringe on which a separate needle can be connected with a sliding motion, and disconnected similarly.</td></tr><tr><td>Luer-lock syringe</td><td>Syringe on which a separate needle can be connected with a screwing motion, and disconnected similarly.</td></tr><tr><td/><td/></tr><tr><td>Manure</td><td>Animal excreta, normally faecal matter from livestock.</td></tr><tr><td>Medical waste</td><td>Waste generated by all kinds of medical activities, but excluding excreta and wastewater. In this manual, medical waste is considered under four different categories: sharps, soft (burnable) waste, organic waste and hazardous waste.</td></tr><tr><td>Micro-organism</td><td>Any micro-biological entity, cellular or non-cellular, capable of replication or of transferring genetic material under certain environmental variables. It includes bacteria, virus, protozoa and microscopic fungi.</td></tr><tr><td>Motor pump</td><td>Surface pump powered by an electric motor or combustion engine.</td></tr><tr><td/><td/></tr><tr><td>NaDCC</td><td>Sodium Di-Chloro isoCyanurate. Chlorine-generating product under granular or tablet form, usually containing 55 to 60% active chlorine. By far, the most stable chlorine-generating product.</td></tr><tr><td>Needle</td><td>Hollowed and pointed steel stem used for puncturing or injecting.</td></tr><tr><td>Needle stick injury</td><td>Harm caused by unintentional needle puncture. Can cause nosocomial infections, such as hepatitis B, hepatitis C and HIV / AIDS.</td></tr><tr><td>Nitrates (NO3)</td><td>A plant nutrient and inorganic fertilizer, nitrates are found in septic systems, animal feed lots, agricultural fertilizers, manure, industrial waste waters, sanitary landfills, and garbage dumps. High levels of nitrates in drinking water should be avoided for newborn babies, small infants and pregnant women, due to the severe health effects that can be caused.</td></tr><tr><td>Non-return valve</td><td>Valve allowing water to flow in one direction only.</td></tr><tr><td>Nosocomial infection</td><td>Secondary infection contracted by the patients or the staff while being within a health structure. Often referred to as hospital infection.</td></tr></table>", "filetype": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document", "parent_id": "6b5091d871b0ae6dec87b40ec0ffccd5", "category": "Table", "element_id": "0e4de67c1fc540dbdc070d06de99f23b", "chroma:document": "Hygiene Practises related to cleanliness and health as it prevents the dispersion of diseases. Improved trench latrines Improved version of normal trench latrines with prefabricated (plastic) slabs and a basic plastic sheeting superstructure for more privacy, still intended for (acute) emergencies. Incineration A waste treatment process involving destruction of waste by controlled burning at high temperatures, reducing voluminous waste into ashes. Incinerator A furnace for burning (medical) waste under controlled conditions, often utilised in health facilities as a waste treatment tool. In this manual, mainly double combustion chamber furnaces are referred to as incinerators, in contradiction to volume reducers which only have a single combustion chamber. Inertization Immobilization of certain powdered / solid hazardous waste (after being crushed) by being embedded within a cement, lime and water mixture (3 / 3 / 1 parts by weight) that solidifies, in order to minimize the risk of"}


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{"source": "document/Public_health_engineering_2010.docx", "file_directory": "document", "filename": "Public_health_engineering_2010.docx", "last_modified": "2025-03-26T10:19:09", "text_as_html": "<table><tr><td>Hygiene</td><td>Practises related to cleanliness and health as it prevents the dispersion of diseases.</td></tr><tr><td/><td/></tr><tr><td>Improved trench latrines</td><td>Improved version of normal trench latrines with prefabricated (plastic) slabs and a basic plastic sheeting superstructure for more privacy, still intended for (acute) emergencies.</td></tr><tr><td>Incineration</td><td>A waste treatment process involving destruction of waste by controlled burning at high temperatures, reducing voluminous waste into ashes.</td></tr><tr><td>Incinerator</td><td>A furnace for burning (medical) waste under controlled conditions, often utilised in health facilities as a waste treatment tool. In this manual, mainly double combustion chamber furnaces are referred to as incinerators, in contradiction to volume reducers which only have a single combustion chamber.</td></tr><tr><td>Inertization</td><td>Immobilization of certain powdered / solid hazardous waste (after being crushed) by being embedded within a cement, lime and water mixture (3 / 3 / 1 parts by weight) that solidifies, in order to minimize the risk of toxic substances contained in the waste to migrate to the environment. Used for disposal of pharmaceutical waste.</td></tr><tr><td>Infiltration (rate)</td><td>The quantity of water that can enter the soil in a specified time interval, normally measured as litre per m\u00b2 of infiltration surface a day (l/m\u00b2-day).</td></tr><tr><td>Infiltration trench</td><td>Structure for disposing of wastewater by underground drainage, using trenches and drains.</td></tr><tr><td>Insect</td><td>A kind of arthropod. Insects have three distinct body regions (head, thorax and abdomen), three pairs of legs, one pair of antennae, and usually one or two pairs of wings in the adult phase.</td></tr><tr><td>Irrigation furrow / Irrigated garden</td><td>Vegetable garden watered with clean spilled wastewater recovered from water points (e.g. hand pump, tapstand).</td></tr><tr><td/><td/></tr><tr><td>Lancet</td><td>Puncturing device used to collect blood drops for medical analysis.</td></tr><tr><td>Larva</td><td>The intermediary stage between the egg and the pupa, in the development of an arthropod. See arthropod.</td></tr><tr><td>Larvicide</td><td>A chemical or biological compound which specifically kills insect larva.</td></tr><tr><td>Latrine</td><td>(External) defecation place for deposition, retention and sometimes decomposition of excreta.</td></tr><tr><td>Leachates</td><td>Liquid resulting from decomposition of organic matter in a waste bin, dump sites or landfills, sometimes joined with water trickling through. It may result in hazardous substances entering surface or ground water, or the soil.</td></tr><tr><td>Lime</td><td>Ca(OH)2. Yellowish white stone or powder. Can be found in the environment and has various uses; e.g. construction, water treatment, waste disposal.</td></tr><tr><td>Lining</td><td>Construction strengthening / sleeving / supporting a mainly underground structure, like for hand dug wells, pit latrines and waste pits.</td></tr><tr><td>Luer syringe</td><td>Syringe on which a separate needle can be connected with a sliding motion, and disconnected similarly.</td></tr><tr><td>Luer-lock syringe</td><td>Syringe on which a separate needle can be connected with a screwing motion, and disconnected similarly.</td></tr><tr><td/><td/></tr><tr><td>Manure</td><td>Animal excreta, normally faecal matter from livestock.</td></tr><tr><td>Medical waste</td><td>Waste generated by all kinds of medical activities, but excluding excreta and wastewater. In this manual, medical waste is considered under four different categories: sharps, soft (burnable) waste, organic waste and hazardous waste.</td></tr><tr><td>Micro-organism</td><td>Any micro-biological entity, cellular or non-cellular, capable of replication or of transferring genetic material under certain environmental variables. It includes bacteria, virus, protozoa and microscopic fungi.</td></tr><tr><td>Motor pump</td><td>Surface pump powered by an electric motor or combustion engine.</td></tr><tr><td/><td/></tr><tr><td>NaDCC</td><td>Sodium Di-Chloro isoCyanurate. Chlorine-generating product under granular or tablet form, usually containing 55 to 60% active chlorine. By far, the most stable chlorine-generating product.</td></tr><tr><td>Needle</td><td>Hollowed and pointed steel stem used for puncturing or injecting.</td></tr><tr><td>Needle stick injury</td><td>Harm caused by unintentional needle puncture. Can cause nosocomial infections, such as hepatitis B, hepatitis C and HIV / AIDS.</td></tr><tr><td>Nitrates (NO3)</td><td>A plant nutrient and inorganic fertilizer, nitrates are found in septic systems, animal feed lots, agricultural fertilizers, manure, industrial waste waters, sanitary landfills, and garbage dumps. High levels of nitrates in drinking water should be avoided for newborn babies, small infants and pregnant women, due to the severe health effects that can be caused.</td></tr><tr><td>Non-return valve</td><td>Valve allowing water to flow in one direction only.</td></tr><tr><td>Nosocomial infection</td><td>Secondary infection contracted by the patients or the staff while being within a health structure. Often referred to as hospital infection.</td></tr></table>", "filetype": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document", "parent_id": "6b5091d871b0ae6dec87b40ec0ffccd5", "category": "Table", "element_id": "0e4de67c1fc540dbdc070d06de99f23b", "chroma:document": "certain powdered / solid hazardous waste (after being crushed) by being embedded within a cement, lime and water mixture (3 / 3 / 1 parts by weight) that solidifies, in order to minimize the risk of toxic substances contained in the waste to migrate to the environment. Used for disposal of pharmaceutical waste. Infiltration (rate) The quantity of water that can enter the soil in a specified time interval, normally measured as litre per m\u00b2 of infiltration surface a day (l/m\u00b2-day). Infiltration trench Structure for disposing of wastewater by underground drainage, using trenches and drains. Insect A kind of arthropod. Insects have three distinct body regions (head, thorax and abdomen), three pairs of legs, one pair of antennae, and usually one or two pairs of wings in the adult phase. Irrigation furrow / Irrigated garden Vegetable garden watered with clean spilled wastewater recovered from water points (e.g. hand pump, tapstand). Lancet Puncturing device used to collect blood drops for"}


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{"source": "document/Public_health_engineering_2010.docx", "file_directory": "document", "filename": "Public_health_engineering_2010.docx", "last_modified": "2025-03-26T10:19:09", "text_as_html": "<table><tr><td>Hygiene</td><td>Practises related to cleanliness and health as it prevents the dispersion of diseases.</td></tr><tr><td/><td/></tr><tr><td>Improved trench latrines</td><td>Improved version of normal trench latrines with prefabricated (plastic) slabs and a basic plastic sheeting superstructure for more privacy, still intended for (acute) emergencies.</td></tr><tr><td>Incineration</td><td>A waste treatment process involving destruction of waste by controlled burning at high temperatures, reducing voluminous waste into ashes.</td></tr><tr><td>Incinerator</td><td>A furnace for burning (medical) waste under controlled conditions, often utilised in health facilities as a waste treatment tool. In this manual, mainly double combustion chamber furnaces are referred to as incinerators, in contradiction to volume reducers which only have a single combustion chamber.</td></tr><tr><td>Inertization</td><td>Immobilization of certain powdered / solid hazardous waste (after being crushed) by being embedded within a cement, lime and water mixture (3 / 3 / 1 parts by weight) that solidifies, in order to minimize the risk of toxic substances contained in the waste to migrate to the environment. Used for disposal of pharmaceutical waste.</td></tr><tr><td>Infiltration (rate)</td><td>The quantity of water that can enter the soil in a specified time interval, normally measured as litre per m\u00b2 of infiltration surface a day (l/m\u00b2-day).</td></tr><tr><td>Infiltration trench</td><td>Structure for disposing of wastewater by underground drainage, using trenches and drains.</td></tr><tr><td>Insect</td><td>A kind of arthropod. Insects have three distinct body regions (head, thorax and abdomen), three pairs of legs, one pair of antennae, and usually one or two pairs of wings in the adult phase.</td></tr><tr><td>Irrigation furrow / Irrigated garden</td><td>Vegetable garden watered with clean spilled wastewater recovered from water points (e.g. hand pump, tapstand).</td></tr><tr><td/><td/></tr><tr><td>Lancet</td><td>Puncturing device used to collect blood drops for medical analysis.</td></tr><tr><td>Larva</td><td>The intermediary stage between the egg and the pupa, in the development of an arthropod. See arthropod.</td></tr><tr><td>Larvicide</td><td>A chemical or biological compound which specifically kills insect larva.</td></tr><tr><td>Latrine</td><td>(External) defecation place for deposition, retention and sometimes decomposition of excreta.</td></tr><tr><td>Leachates</td><td>Liquid resulting from decomposition of organic matter in a waste bin, dump sites or landfills, sometimes joined with water trickling through. It may result in hazardous substances entering surface or ground water, or the soil.</td></tr><tr><td>Lime</td><td>Ca(OH)2. Yellowish white stone or powder. Can be found in the environment and has various uses; e.g. construction, water treatment, waste disposal.</td></tr><tr><td>Lining</td><td>Construction strengthening / sleeving / supporting a mainly underground structure, like for hand dug wells, pit latrines and waste pits.</td></tr><tr><td>Luer syringe</td><td>Syringe on which a separate needle can be connected with a sliding motion, and disconnected similarly.</td></tr><tr><td>Luer-lock syringe</td><td>Syringe on which a separate needle can be connected with a screwing motion, and disconnected similarly.</td></tr><tr><td/><td/></tr><tr><td>Manure</td><td>Animal excreta, normally faecal matter from livestock.</td></tr><tr><td>Medical waste</td><td>Waste generated by all kinds of medical activities, but excluding excreta and wastewater. In this manual, medical waste is considered under four different categories: sharps, soft (burnable) waste, organic waste and hazardous waste.</td></tr><tr><td>Micro-organism</td><td>Any micro-biological entity, cellular or non-cellular, capable of replication or of transferring genetic material under certain environmental variables. It includes bacteria, virus, protozoa and microscopic fungi.</td></tr><tr><td>Motor pump</td><td>Surface pump powered by an electric motor or combustion engine.</td></tr><tr><td/><td/></tr><tr><td>NaDCC</td><td>Sodium Di-Chloro isoCyanurate. Chlorine-generating product under granular or tablet form, usually containing 55 to 60% active chlorine. By far, the most stable chlorine-generating product.</td></tr><tr><td>Needle</td><td>Hollowed and pointed steel stem used for puncturing or injecting.</td></tr><tr><td>Needle stick injury</td><td>Harm caused by unintentional needle puncture. Can cause nosocomial infections, such as hepatitis B, hepatitis C and HIV / AIDS.</td></tr><tr><td>Nitrates (NO3)</td><td>A plant nutrient and inorganic fertilizer, nitrates are found in septic systems, animal feed lots, agricultural fertilizers, manure, industrial waste waters, sanitary landfills, and garbage dumps. High levels of nitrates in drinking water should be avoided for newborn babies, small infants and pregnant women, due to the severe health effects that can be caused.</td></tr><tr><td>Non-return valve</td><td>Valve allowing water to flow in one direction only.</td></tr><tr><td>Nosocomial infection</td><td>Secondary infection contracted by the patients or the staff while being within a health structure. Often referred to as hospital infection.</td></tr></table>", "filetype": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document", "parent_id": "6b5091d871b0ae6dec87b40ec0ffccd5", "category": "Table", "element_id": "0e4de67c1fc540dbdc070d06de99f23b", "chroma:document": "furrow / Irrigated garden Vegetable garden watered with clean spilled wastewater recovered from water points (e.g. hand pump, tapstand). Lancet Puncturing device used to collect blood drops for medical analysis. Larva The intermediary stage between the egg and the pupa, in the development of an arthropod. See arthropod. Larvicide A chemical or biological compound which specifically kills insect larva. Latrine (External) defecation place for deposition, retention and sometimes decomposition of excreta. Leachates Liquid resulting from decomposition of organic matter in a waste bin, dump sites or landfills, sometimes joined with water trickling through. It may result in hazardous substances entering surface or ground water, or the soil. Lime Ca(OH)2. Yellowish white stone or powder. Can be found in the environment and has various uses; e.g. construction, water treatment, waste disposal. Lining Construction strengthening / sleeving / supporting a mainly underground structure, like for"}


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{"source": "document/Public_health_engineering_2010.docx", "file_directory": "document", "filename": "Public_health_engineering_2010.docx", "last_modified": "2025-03-26T10:19:09", "text_as_html": "<table><tr><td>Hygiene</td><td>Practises related to cleanliness and health as it prevents the dispersion of diseases.</td></tr><tr><td/><td/></tr><tr><td>Improved trench latrines</td><td>Improved version of normal trench latrines with prefabricated (plastic) slabs and a basic plastic sheeting superstructure for more privacy, still intended for (acute) emergencies.</td></tr><tr><td>Incineration</td><td>A waste treatment process involving destruction of waste by controlled burning at high temperatures, reducing voluminous waste into ashes.</td></tr><tr><td>Incinerator</td><td>A furnace for burning (medical) waste under controlled conditions, often utilised in health facilities as a waste treatment tool. In this manual, mainly double combustion chamber furnaces are referred to as incinerators, in contradiction to volume reducers which only have a single combustion chamber.</td></tr><tr><td>Inertization</td><td>Immobilization of certain powdered / solid hazardous waste (after being crushed) by being embedded within a cement, lime and water mixture (3 / 3 / 1 parts by weight) that solidifies, in order to minimize the risk of toxic substances contained in the waste to migrate to the environment. Used for disposal of pharmaceutical waste.</td></tr><tr><td>Infiltration (rate)</td><td>The quantity of water that can enter the soil in a specified time interval, normally measured as litre per m\u00b2 of infiltration surface a day (l/m\u00b2-day).</td></tr><tr><td>Infiltration trench</td><td>Structure for disposing of wastewater by underground drainage, using trenches and drains.</td></tr><tr><td>Insect</td><td>A kind of arthropod. Insects have three distinct body regions (head, thorax and abdomen), three pairs of legs, one pair of antennae, and usually one or two pairs of wings in the adult phase.</td></tr><tr><td>Irrigation furrow / Irrigated garden</td><td>Vegetable garden watered with clean spilled wastewater recovered from water points (e.g. hand pump, tapstand).</td></tr><tr><td/><td/></tr><tr><td>Lancet</td><td>Puncturing device used to collect blood drops for medical analysis.</td></tr><tr><td>Larva</td><td>The intermediary stage between the egg and the pupa, in the development of an arthropod. See arthropod.</td></tr><tr><td>Larvicide</td><td>A chemical or biological compound which specifically kills insect larva.</td></tr><tr><td>Latrine</td><td>(External) defecation place for deposition, retention and sometimes decomposition of excreta.</td></tr><tr><td>Leachates</td><td>Liquid resulting from decomposition of organic matter in a waste bin, dump sites or landfills, sometimes joined with water trickling through. It may result in hazardous substances entering surface or ground water, or the soil.</td></tr><tr><td>Lime</td><td>Ca(OH)2. Yellowish white stone or powder. Can be found in the environment and has various uses; e.g. construction, water treatment, waste disposal.</td></tr><tr><td>Lining</td><td>Construction strengthening / sleeving / supporting a mainly underground structure, like for hand dug wells, pit latrines and waste pits.</td></tr><tr><td>Luer syringe</td><td>Syringe on which a separate needle can be connected with a sliding motion, and disconnected similarly.</td></tr><tr><td>Luer-lock syringe</td><td>Syringe on which a separate needle can be connected with a screwing motion, and disconnected similarly.</td></tr><tr><td/><td/></tr><tr><td>Manure</td><td>Animal excreta, normally faecal matter from livestock.</td></tr><tr><td>Medical waste</td><td>Waste generated by all kinds of medical activities, but excluding excreta and wastewater. In this manual, medical waste is considered under four different categories: sharps, soft (burnable) waste, organic waste and hazardous waste.</td></tr><tr><td>Micro-organism</td><td>Any micro-biological entity, cellular or non-cellular, capable of replication or of transferring genetic material under certain environmental variables. It includes bacteria, virus, protozoa and microscopic fungi.</td></tr><tr><td>Motor pump</td><td>Surface pump powered by an electric motor or combustion engine.</td></tr><tr><td/><td/></tr><tr><td>NaDCC</td><td>Sodium Di-Chloro isoCyanurate. Chlorine-generating product under granular or tablet form, usually containing 55 to 60% active chlorine. By far, the most stable chlorine-generating product.</td></tr><tr><td>Needle</td><td>Hollowed and pointed steel stem used for puncturing or injecting.</td></tr><tr><td>Needle stick injury</td><td>Harm caused by unintentional needle puncture. Can cause nosocomial infections, such as hepatitis B, hepatitis C and HIV / AIDS.</td></tr><tr><td>Nitrates (NO3)</td><td>A plant nutrient and inorganic fertilizer, nitrates are found in septic systems, animal feed lots, agricultural fertilizers, manure, industrial waste waters, sanitary landfills, and garbage dumps. High levels of nitrates in drinking water should be avoided for newborn babies, small infants and pregnant women, due to the severe health effects that can be caused.</td></tr><tr><td>Non-return valve</td><td>Valve allowing water to flow in one direction only.</td></tr><tr><td>Nosocomial infection</td><td>Secondary infection contracted by the patients or the staff while being within a health structure. Often referred to as hospital infection.</td></tr></table>", "filetype": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document", "parent_id": "6b5091d871b0ae6dec87b40ec0ffccd5", "category": "Table", "element_id": "0e4de67c1fc540dbdc070d06de99f23b", "chroma:document": "found in the environment and has various uses; e.g. construction, water treatment, waste disposal. Lining Construction strengthening / sleeving / supporting a mainly underground structure, like for hand dug wells, pit latrines and waste pits. Luer syringe Syringe on which a separate needle can be connected with a sliding motion, and disconnected similarly. Luer-lock syringe Syringe on which a separate needle can be connected with a screwing motion, and disconnected similarly. Manure Animal excreta, normally faecal matter from livestock. Medical waste Waste generated by all kinds of medical activities, but excluding excreta and wastewater. In this manual, medical waste is considered under four different categories: sharps, soft (burnable) waste, organic waste and hazardous waste. Micro-organism Any micro-biological entity, cellular or non-cellular, capable of replication or of transferring genetic material under certain environmental variables. It includes bacteria, virus, protozoa and"}


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{"source": "document/Public_health_engineering_2010.docx", "file_directory": "document", "filename": "Public_health_engineering_2010.docx", "last_modified": "2025-03-26T10:19:09", "text_as_html": "<table><tr><td>Hygiene</td><td>Practises related to cleanliness and health as it prevents the dispersion of diseases.</td></tr><tr><td/><td/></tr><tr><td>Improved trench latrines</td><td>Improved version of normal trench latrines with prefabricated (plastic) slabs and a basic plastic sheeting superstructure for more privacy, still intended for (acute) emergencies.</td></tr><tr><td>Incineration</td><td>A waste treatment process involving destruction of waste by controlled burning at high temperatures, reducing voluminous waste into ashes.</td></tr><tr><td>Incinerator</td><td>A furnace for burning (medical) waste under controlled conditions, often utilised in health facilities as a waste treatment tool. In this manual, mainly double combustion chamber furnaces are referred to as incinerators, in contradiction to volume reducers which only have a single combustion chamber.</td></tr><tr><td>Inertization</td><td>Immobilization of certain powdered / solid hazardous waste (after being crushed) by being embedded within a cement, lime and water mixture (3 / 3 / 1 parts by weight) that solidifies, in order to minimize the risk of toxic substances contained in the waste to migrate to the environment. Used for disposal of pharmaceutical waste.</td></tr><tr><td>Infiltration (rate)</td><td>The quantity of water that can enter the soil in a specified time interval, normally measured as litre per m\u00b2 of infiltration surface a day (l/m\u00b2-day).</td></tr><tr><td>Infiltration trench</td><td>Structure for disposing of wastewater by underground drainage, using trenches and drains.</td></tr><tr><td>Insect</td><td>A kind of arthropod. Insects have three distinct body regions (head, thorax and abdomen), three pairs of legs, one pair of antennae, and usually one or two pairs of wings in the adult phase.</td></tr><tr><td>Irrigation furrow / Irrigated garden</td><td>Vegetable garden watered with clean spilled wastewater recovered from water points (e.g. hand pump, tapstand).</td></tr><tr><td/><td/></tr><tr><td>Lancet</td><td>Puncturing device used to collect blood drops for medical analysis.</td></tr><tr><td>Larva</td><td>The intermediary stage between the egg and the pupa, in the development of an arthropod. See arthropod.</td></tr><tr><td>Larvicide</td><td>A chemical or biological compound which specifically kills insect larva.</td></tr><tr><td>Latrine</td><td>(External) defecation place for deposition, retention and sometimes decomposition of excreta.</td></tr><tr><td>Leachates</td><td>Liquid resulting from decomposition of organic matter in a waste bin, dump sites or landfills, sometimes joined with water trickling through. It may result in hazardous substances entering surface or ground water, or the soil.</td></tr><tr><td>Lime</td><td>Ca(OH)2. Yellowish white stone or powder. Can be found in the environment and has various uses; e.g. construction, water treatment, waste disposal.</td></tr><tr><td>Lining</td><td>Construction strengthening / sleeving / supporting a mainly underground structure, like for hand dug wells, pit latrines and waste pits.</td></tr><tr><td>Luer syringe</td><td>Syringe on which a separate needle can be connected with a sliding motion, and disconnected similarly.</td></tr><tr><td>Luer-lock syringe</td><td>Syringe on which a separate needle can be connected with a screwing motion, and disconnected similarly.</td></tr><tr><td/><td/></tr><tr><td>Manure</td><td>Animal excreta, normally faecal matter from livestock.</td></tr><tr><td>Medical waste</td><td>Waste generated by all kinds of medical activities, but excluding excreta and wastewater. In this manual, medical waste is considered under four different categories: sharps, soft (burnable) waste, organic waste and hazardous waste.</td></tr><tr><td>Micro-organism</td><td>Any micro-biological entity, cellular or non-cellular, capable of replication or of transferring genetic material under certain environmental variables. It includes bacteria, virus, protozoa and microscopic fungi.</td></tr><tr><td>Motor pump</td><td>Surface pump powered by an electric motor or combustion engine.</td></tr><tr><td/><td/></tr><tr><td>NaDCC</td><td>Sodium Di-Chloro isoCyanurate. Chlorine-generating product under granular or tablet form, usually containing 55 to 60% active chlorine. By far, the most stable chlorine-generating product.</td></tr><tr><td>Needle</td><td>Hollowed and pointed steel stem used for puncturing or injecting.</td></tr><tr><td>Needle stick injury</td><td>Harm caused by unintentional needle puncture. Can cause nosocomial infections, such as hepatitis B, hepatitis C and HIV / AIDS.</td></tr><tr><td>Nitrates (NO3)</td><td>A plant nutrient and inorganic fertilizer, nitrates are found in septic systems, animal feed lots, agricultural fertilizers, manure, industrial waste waters, sanitary landfills, and garbage dumps. High levels of nitrates in drinking water should be avoided for newborn babies, small infants and pregnant women, due to the severe health effects that can be caused.</td></tr><tr><td>Non-return valve</td><td>Valve allowing water to flow in one direction only.</td></tr><tr><td>Nosocomial infection</td><td>Secondary infection contracted by the patients or the staff while being within a health structure. Often referred to as hospital infection.</td></tr></table>", "filetype": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document", "parent_id": "6b5091d871b0ae6dec87b40ec0ffccd5", "category": "Table", "element_id": "0e4de67c1fc540dbdc070d06de99f23b", "chroma:document": "Any micro-biological entity, cellular or non-cellular, capable of replication or of transferring genetic material under certain environmental variables. It includes bacteria, virus, protozoa and microscopic fungi. Motor pump Surface pump powered by an electric motor or combustion engine. NaDCC Sodium Di-Chloro isoCyanurate. Chlorine-generating product under granular or tablet form, usually containing 55 to 60% active chlorine. By far, the most stable chlorine-generating product. Needle Hollowed and pointed steel stem used for puncturing or injecting. Needle stick injury Harm caused by unintentional needle puncture. Can cause nosocomial infections, such as hepatitis B, hepatitis C and HIV / AIDS. Nitrates (NO3) A plant nutrient and inorganic fertilizer, nitrates are found in septic systems, animal feed lots, agricultural fertilizers, manure, industrial waste waters, sanitary landfills, and garbage dumps. High levels of nitrates in drinking water should be avoided for newborn babies,"}


created_at: 2025-03-26 07:38:06
topic: persistent://default/default/14121fdc-614c-4a47-9053-2a3ff7f57827
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{"source": "document/Public_health_engineering_2010.docx", "file_directory": "document", "filename": "Public_health_engineering_2010.docx", "last_modified": "2025-03-26T10:19:09", "text_as_html": "<table><tr><td>Hygiene</td><td>Practises related to cleanliness and health as it prevents the dispersion of diseases.</td></tr><tr><td/><td/></tr><tr><td>Improved trench latrines</td><td>Improved version of normal trench latrines with prefabricated (plastic) slabs and a basic plastic sheeting superstructure for more privacy, still intended for (acute) emergencies.</td></tr><tr><td>Incineration</td><td>A waste treatment process involving destruction of waste by controlled burning at high temperatures, reducing voluminous waste into ashes.</td></tr><tr><td>Incinerator</td><td>A furnace for burning (medical) waste under controlled conditions, often utilised in health facilities as a waste treatment tool. In this manual, mainly double combustion chamber furnaces are referred to as incinerators, in contradiction to volume reducers which only have a single combustion chamber.</td></tr><tr><td>Inertization</td><td>Immobilization of certain powdered / solid hazardous waste (after being crushed) by being embedded within a cement, lime and water mixture (3 / 3 / 1 parts by weight) that solidifies, in order to minimize the risk of toxic substances contained in the waste to migrate to the environment. Used for disposal of pharmaceutical waste.</td></tr><tr><td>Infiltration (rate)</td><td>The quantity of water that can enter the soil in a specified time interval, normally measured as litre per m\u00b2 of infiltration surface a day (l/m\u00b2-day).</td></tr><tr><td>Infiltration trench</td><td>Structure for disposing of wastewater by underground drainage, using trenches and drains.</td></tr><tr><td>Insect</td><td>A kind of arthropod. Insects have three distinct body regions (head, thorax and abdomen), three pairs of legs, one pair of antennae, and usually one or two pairs of wings in the adult phase.</td></tr><tr><td>Irrigation furrow / Irrigated garden</td><td>Vegetable garden watered with clean spilled wastewater recovered from water points (e.g. hand pump, tapstand).</td></tr><tr><td/><td/></tr><tr><td>Lancet</td><td>Puncturing device used to collect blood drops for medical analysis.</td></tr><tr><td>Larva</td><td>The intermediary stage between the egg and the pupa, in the development of an arthropod. See arthropod.</td></tr><tr><td>Larvicide</td><td>A chemical or biological compound which specifically kills insect larva.</td></tr><tr><td>Latrine</td><td>(External) defecation place for deposition, retention and sometimes decomposition of excreta.</td></tr><tr><td>Leachates</td><td>Liquid resulting from decomposition of organic matter in a waste bin, dump sites or landfills, sometimes joined with water trickling through. It may result in hazardous substances entering surface or ground water, or the soil.</td></tr><tr><td>Lime</td><td>Ca(OH)2. Yellowish white stone or powder. Can be found in the environment and has various uses; e.g. construction, water treatment, waste disposal.</td></tr><tr><td>Lining</td><td>Construction strengthening / sleeving / supporting a mainly underground structure, like for hand dug wells, pit latrines and waste pits.</td></tr><tr><td>Luer syringe</td><td>Syringe on which a separate needle can be connected with a sliding motion, and disconnected similarly.</td></tr><tr><td>Luer-lock syringe</td><td>Syringe on which a separate needle can be connected with a screwing motion, and disconnected similarly.</td></tr><tr><td/><td/></tr><tr><td>Manure</td><td>Animal excreta, normally faecal matter from livestock.</td></tr><tr><td>Medical waste</td><td>Waste generated by all kinds of medical activities, but excluding excreta and wastewater. In this manual, medical waste is considered under four different categories: sharps, soft (burnable) waste, organic waste and hazardous waste.</td></tr><tr><td>Micro-organism</td><td>Any micro-biological entity, cellular or non-cellular, capable of replication or of transferring genetic material under certain environmental variables. It includes bacteria, virus, protozoa and microscopic fungi.</td></tr><tr><td>Motor pump</td><td>Surface pump powered by an electric motor or combustion engine.</td></tr><tr><td/><td/></tr><tr><td>NaDCC</td><td>Sodium Di-Chloro isoCyanurate. Chlorine-generating product under granular or tablet form, usually containing 55 to 60% active chlorine. By far, the most stable chlorine-generating product.</td></tr><tr><td>Needle</td><td>Hollowed and pointed steel stem used for puncturing or injecting.</td></tr><tr><td>Needle stick injury</td><td>Harm caused by unintentional needle puncture. Can cause nosocomial infections, such as hepatitis B, hepatitis C and HIV / AIDS.</td></tr><tr><td>Nitrates (NO3)</td><td>A plant nutrient and inorganic fertilizer, nitrates are found in septic systems, animal feed lots, agricultural fertilizers, manure, industrial waste waters, sanitary landfills, and garbage dumps. High levels of nitrates in drinking water should be avoided for newborn babies, small infants and pregnant women, due to the severe health effects that can be caused.</td></tr><tr><td>Non-return valve</td><td>Valve allowing water to flow in one direction only.</td></tr><tr><td>Nosocomial infection</td><td>Secondary infection contracted by the patients or the staff while being within a health structure. Often referred to as hospital infection.</td></tr></table>", "filetype": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document", "parent_id": "6b5091d871b0ae6dec87b40ec0ffccd5", "category": "Table", "element_id": "0e4de67c1fc540dbdc070d06de99f23b", "chroma:document": "animal feed lots, agricultural fertilizers, manure, industrial waste waters, sanitary landfills, and garbage dumps. High levels of nitrates in drinking water should be avoided for newborn babies, small infants and pregnant women, due to the severe health effects that can be caused. Non-return valve Valve allowing water to flow in one direction only. Nosocomial infection Secondary infection contracted by the patients or the staff while being within a health structure. Often referred to as hospital infection."}


created_at: 2025-03-26 07:38:06
topic: persistent://default/default/14121fdc-614c-4a47-9053-2a3ff7f57827
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{"source": "document/Public_health_engineering_2010.docx", "file_directory": "document", "filename": "Public_health_engineering_2010.docx", "last_modified": "2025-03-26T10:19:09", "text_as_html": "<table><tr><td>Organic matter</td><td>Residues or extracts of living organisms.</td></tr><tr><td>Organic waste</td><td>Biodegradable waste. Waste generated in health care facilities such as amputated limbs, placentas, organs, blood and food residues.</td></tr><tr><td>Oxidize</td><td>To transform in the oxidized state. Normally signifies the chemical addition of an element (e.g. oxygen) to break down pollutants or organic wastes.</td></tr><tr><td/><td/></tr><tr><td>Parasite</td><td>An organism which, for all or part of its life, lives in or on the body of another organism (the host) and obtains nourishment from it, without causing the death of the host. Parasites include fungi, arthropods, protozoa, helminths.</td></tr><tr><td>Pathogen</td><td>Any disease causing organism or substance.</td></tr><tr><td>Percolation</td><td>The movement of water downward and radial through subsurface soil layers, usually continuing downward to ground water. Slow seepage of water through a filter.</td></tr><tr><td>Permeability</td><td>The characteristic or the measure of the ease with which water can flow through / infiltrate a solid media / soil.</td></tr><tr><td>Pest</td><td>An inconvenient insect, rodent, nematode, fungus, weed or other form of terrestrial or aquatic plant or animal life that is injurious to health or the environment.</td></tr><tr><td>Pesticide</td><td>Substances or mixtures that are intended for preventing, destroying, repelling, or mitigating any pest.</td></tr><tr><td>pH</td><td>Expression of the degree of acidity or alkalinity of a substance; may range from 0 to 14. The value of 7 is considered as neutral, values below are acidic, values above alkaline (basic).</td></tr><tr><td>Pharmaceutical waste</td><td>All medicines that cannot be used anymore such as opened but unused drugs, cold chain damaged vaccines, expired and unwanted drugs.</td></tr><tr><td>Phenol Red</td><td>Chemical compound used to measure the pH by colorimetric comparison (e.g. pool tester), often in tablet form.</td></tr><tr><td>Pond</td><td>Small body of surface water.</td></tr><tr><td>Porosity</td><td>The ratio of open space in comparison to the total volume (of soil), which is an indicator of the ability of a medium to pass fluids through it.</td></tr><tr><td>Pour flush latrine</td><td>Latrine in which the slab has a pan and water trap, and which is flushed manually.</td></tr><tr><td>ppm</td><td>Parts per million</td></tr><tr><td>Precipitation</td><td>Water in the form of rain, sleet, hail or snow that falls from the atmosphere onto the land and bodies of water.</td></tr><tr><td>Protozoa</td><td>Group of unicellular micro-organisms that are larger and more complex than bacteria, certain of which may cause disease in humans (e.g. amoeba).</td></tr><tr><td>Pupa</td><td>The intermediate stage between the larva and the adult , in the development of an insect.</td></tr><tr><td/><td/></tr><tr><td>Radioactive waste</td><td>Material that contains or is contaminated with radionuclide at concentrations or activities greater than clearance levels. See radionuclide.</td></tr><tr><td>Radionuclide</td><td>An atom (nuclide) that exhibits properties of spontaneous disintegration, liberating energy and is accompanied by the emission of different types of (very harmful) radiation.</td></tr><tr><td>Rainfall patterns</td><td>Historical records of the distribution and quantity of rainfall for a certain area.</td></tr><tr><td>Rainwater</td><td>Water from atmospheric precipitation which may be collected or form / contribute to a water body.</td></tr><tr><td>Rainwater harvesting</td><td>Controlled collection and storage of rainwater, to be used for human activities.</td></tr><tr><td>Rapid sand filter</td><td>Water treatment system at high velocity (4 - 50 m/h) by mechanical filtration (sand bed).</td></tr><tr><td>Refuse</td><td>Generally domestic solid waste.</td></tr><tr><td>Resurgence</td><td>Surface water that went underground coming back at the surface, often wrongly interpreted as a spring.</td></tr><tr><td>Retention time</td><td>Time during which wastewater is held in a tank to undergo some form of treatment (e.g.: 1 to 3 days in a septic tank). Time during which combustion gasses stay within the hot environment of an incinerator.</td></tr><tr><td>Risk</td><td>Probability that a hazard will cause harm, and the severity of that harm.</td></tr><tr><td>Rodent</td><td>Mammals including rats, mice, squirrels, muskrats, beavers and others. Concern is due to their high infestation rate causing damage to infrastructures, food stocks and potential health risks.</td></tr><tr><td>Runoff (water)</td><td>That part of the precipitation (e.g. rain, snow, hail, snow melt), or irrigation water that flows naturally on the ground towards surface water bodies (e.g. river, lake).</td></tr><tr><td/><td/></tr><tr><td>Safe injection</td><td>An injection that does not harm the patient, does not expose the health worker to any risk, and does not result in waste that puts the handlers and/or the community at risk.</td></tr><tr><td>Sand</td><td>Granular silica compound which is found naturally and is used as building material and filtration medium in water treatment plants.</td></tr></table>", "filetype": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document", "parent_id": "6b5091d871b0ae6dec87b40ec0ffccd5", "category": "Table", "element_id": "8d720175fe20efadb3d20cac3b89368e", "chroma:document": "Organic matter Residues or extracts of living organisms. Organic waste Biodegradable waste. Waste generated in health care facilities such as amputated limbs, placentas, organs, blood and food residues. Oxidize To transform in the oxidized state. Normally signifies the chemical addition of an element (e.g. oxygen) to break down pollutants or organic wastes. Parasite An organism which, for all or part of its life, lives in or on the body of another organism (the host) and obtains nourishment from it, without causing the death of the host. Parasites include fungi, arthropods, protozoa, helminths. Pathogen Any disease causing organism or substance. Percolation The movement of water downward and radial through subsurface soil layers, usually continuing downward to ground water. Slow seepage of water through a filter. Permeability The characteristic or the measure of the ease with which water can flow through / infiltrate a solid media / soil. Pest An inconvenient insect, rodent, nematode,"}


created_at: 2025-03-26 07:38:06
topic: persistent://default/default/14121fdc-614c-4a47-9053-2a3ff7f57827
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{"source": "document/Public_health_engineering_2010.docx", "file_directory": "document", "filename": "Public_health_engineering_2010.docx", "last_modified": "2025-03-26T10:19:09", "text_as_html": "<table><tr><td>Organic matter</td><td>Residues or extracts of living organisms.</td></tr><tr><td>Organic waste</td><td>Biodegradable waste. Waste generated in health care facilities such as amputated limbs, placentas, organs, blood and food residues.</td></tr><tr><td>Oxidize</td><td>To transform in the oxidized state. Normally signifies the chemical addition of an element (e.g. oxygen) to break down pollutants or organic wastes.</td></tr><tr><td/><td/></tr><tr><td>Parasite</td><td>An organism which, for all or part of its life, lives in or on the body of another organism (the host) and obtains nourishment from it, without causing the death of the host. Parasites include fungi, arthropods, protozoa, helminths.</td></tr><tr><td>Pathogen</td><td>Any disease causing organism or substance.</td></tr><tr><td>Percolation</td><td>The movement of water downward and radial through subsurface soil layers, usually continuing downward to ground water. Slow seepage of water through a filter.</td></tr><tr><td>Permeability</td><td>The characteristic or the measure of the ease with which water can flow through / infiltrate a solid media / soil.</td></tr><tr><td>Pest</td><td>An inconvenient insect, rodent, nematode, fungus, weed or other form of terrestrial or aquatic plant or animal life that is injurious to health or the environment.</td></tr><tr><td>Pesticide</td><td>Substances or mixtures that are intended for preventing, destroying, repelling, or mitigating any pest.</td></tr><tr><td>pH</td><td>Expression of the degree of acidity or alkalinity of a substance; may range from 0 to 14. The value of 7 is considered as neutral, values below are acidic, values above alkaline (basic).</td></tr><tr><td>Pharmaceutical waste</td><td>All medicines that cannot be used anymore such as opened but unused drugs, cold chain damaged vaccines, expired and unwanted drugs.</td></tr><tr><td>Phenol Red</td><td>Chemical compound used to measure the pH by colorimetric comparison (e.g. pool tester), often in tablet form.</td></tr><tr><td>Pond</td><td>Small body of surface water.</td></tr><tr><td>Porosity</td><td>The ratio of open space in comparison to the total volume (of soil), which is an indicator of the ability of a medium to pass fluids through it.</td></tr><tr><td>Pour flush latrine</td><td>Latrine in which the slab has a pan and water trap, and which is flushed manually.</td></tr><tr><td>ppm</td><td>Parts per million</td></tr><tr><td>Precipitation</td><td>Water in the form of rain, sleet, hail or snow that falls from the atmosphere onto the land and bodies of water.</td></tr><tr><td>Protozoa</td><td>Group of unicellular micro-organisms that are larger and more complex than bacteria, certain of which may cause disease in humans (e.g. amoeba).</td></tr><tr><td>Pupa</td><td>The intermediate stage between the larva and the adult , in the development of an insect.</td></tr><tr><td/><td/></tr><tr><td>Radioactive waste</td><td>Material that contains or is contaminated with radionuclide at concentrations or activities greater than clearance levels. See radionuclide.</td></tr><tr><td>Radionuclide</td><td>An atom (nuclide) that exhibits properties of spontaneous disintegration, liberating energy and is accompanied by the emission of different types of (very harmful) radiation.</td></tr><tr><td>Rainfall patterns</td><td>Historical records of the distribution and quantity of rainfall for a certain area.</td></tr><tr><td>Rainwater</td><td>Water from atmospheric precipitation which may be collected or form / contribute to a water body.</td></tr><tr><td>Rainwater harvesting</td><td>Controlled collection and storage of rainwater, to be used for human activities.</td></tr><tr><td>Rapid sand filter</td><td>Water treatment system at high velocity (4 - 50 m/h) by mechanical filtration (sand bed).</td></tr><tr><td>Refuse</td><td>Generally domestic solid waste.</td></tr><tr><td>Resurgence</td><td>Surface water that went underground coming back at the surface, often wrongly interpreted as a spring.</td></tr><tr><td>Retention time</td><td>Time during which wastewater is held in a tank to undergo some form of treatment (e.g.: 1 to 3 days in a septic tank). Time during which combustion gasses stay within the hot environment of an incinerator.</td></tr><tr><td>Risk</td><td>Probability that a hazard will cause harm, and the severity of that harm.</td></tr><tr><td>Rodent</td><td>Mammals including rats, mice, squirrels, muskrats, beavers and others. Concern is due to their high infestation rate causing damage to infrastructures, food stocks and potential health risks.</td></tr><tr><td>Runoff (water)</td><td>That part of the precipitation (e.g. rain, snow, hail, snow melt), or irrigation water that flows naturally on the ground towards surface water bodies (e.g. river, lake).</td></tr><tr><td/><td/></tr><tr><td>Safe injection</td><td>An injection that does not harm the patient, does not expose the health worker to any risk, and does not result in waste that puts the handlers and/or the community at risk.</td></tr><tr><td>Sand</td><td>Granular silica compound which is found naturally and is used as building material and filtration medium in water treatment plants.</td></tr></table>", "filetype": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document", "parent_id": "6b5091d871b0ae6dec87b40ec0ffccd5", "category": "Table", "element_id": "8d720175fe20efadb3d20cac3b89368e", "chroma:document": "water through a filter. Permeability The characteristic or the measure of the ease with which water can flow through / infiltrate a solid media / soil. Pest An inconvenient insect, rodent, nematode, fungus, weed or other form of terrestrial or aquatic plant or animal life that is injurious to health or the environment. Pesticide Substances or mixtures that are intended for preventing, destroying, repelling, or mitigating any pest. pH Expression of the degree of acidity or alkalinity of a substance; may range from 0 to 14. The value of 7 is considered as neutral, values below are acidic, values above alkaline (basic). Pharmaceutical waste All medicines that cannot be used anymore such as opened but unused drugs, cold chain damaged vaccines, expired and unwanted drugs. Phenol Red Chemical compound used to measure the pH by colorimetric comparison (e.g. pool tester), often in tablet form. Pond Small body of surface water. Porosity The ratio of open space in comparison to the total volume"}


created_at: 2025-03-26 07:38:06
topic: persistent://default/default/14121fdc-614c-4a47-9053-2a3ff7f57827
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{"source": "document/Public_health_engineering_2010.docx", "file_directory": "document", "filename": "Public_health_engineering_2010.docx", "last_modified": "2025-03-26T10:19:09", "text_as_html": "<table><tr><td>Organic matter</td><td>Residues or extracts of living organisms.</td></tr><tr><td>Organic waste</td><td>Biodegradable waste. Waste generated in health care facilities such as amputated limbs, placentas, organs, blood and food residues.</td></tr><tr><td>Oxidize</td><td>To transform in the oxidized state. Normally signifies the chemical addition of an element (e.g. oxygen) to break down pollutants or organic wastes.</td></tr><tr><td/><td/></tr><tr><td>Parasite</td><td>An organism which, for all or part of its life, lives in or on the body of another organism (the host) and obtains nourishment from it, without causing the death of the host. Parasites include fungi, arthropods, protozoa, helminths.</td></tr><tr><td>Pathogen</td><td>Any disease causing organism or substance.</td></tr><tr><td>Percolation</td><td>The movement of water downward and radial through subsurface soil layers, usually continuing downward to ground water. Slow seepage of water through a filter.</td></tr><tr><td>Permeability</td><td>The characteristic or the measure of the ease with which water can flow through / infiltrate a solid media / soil.</td></tr><tr><td>Pest</td><td>An inconvenient insect, rodent, nematode, fungus, weed or other form of terrestrial or aquatic plant or animal life that is injurious to health or the environment.</td></tr><tr><td>Pesticide</td><td>Substances or mixtures that are intended for preventing, destroying, repelling, or mitigating any pest.</td></tr><tr><td>pH</td><td>Expression of the degree of acidity or alkalinity of a substance; may range from 0 to 14. The value of 7 is considered as neutral, values below are acidic, values above alkaline (basic).</td></tr><tr><td>Pharmaceutical waste</td><td>All medicines that cannot be used anymore such as opened but unused drugs, cold chain damaged vaccines, expired and unwanted drugs.</td></tr><tr><td>Phenol Red</td><td>Chemical compound used to measure the pH by colorimetric comparison (e.g. pool tester), often in tablet form.</td></tr><tr><td>Pond</td><td>Small body of surface water.</td></tr><tr><td>Porosity</td><td>The ratio of open space in comparison to the total volume (of soil), which is an indicator of the ability of a medium to pass fluids through it.</td></tr><tr><td>Pour flush latrine</td><td>Latrine in which the slab has a pan and water trap, and which is flushed manually.</td></tr><tr><td>ppm</td><td>Parts per million</td></tr><tr><td>Precipitation</td><td>Water in the form of rain, sleet, hail or snow that falls from the atmosphere onto the land and bodies of water.</td></tr><tr><td>Protozoa</td><td>Group of unicellular micro-organisms that are larger and more complex than bacteria, certain of which may cause disease in humans (e.g. amoeba).</td></tr><tr><td>Pupa</td><td>The intermediate stage between the larva and the adult , in the development of an insect.</td></tr><tr><td/><td/></tr><tr><td>Radioactive waste</td><td>Material that contains or is contaminated with radionuclide at concentrations or activities greater than clearance levels. See radionuclide.</td></tr><tr><td>Radionuclide</td><td>An atom (nuclide) that exhibits properties of spontaneous disintegration, liberating energy and is accompanied by the emission of different types of (very harmful) radiation.</td></tr><tr><td>Rainfall patterns</td><td>Historical records of the distribution and quantity of rainfall for a certain area.</td></tr><tr><td>Rainwater</td><td>Water from atmospheric precipitation which may be collected or form / contribute to a water body.</td></tr><tr><td>Rainwater harvesting</td><td>Controlled collection and storage of rainwater, to be used for human activities.</td></tr><tr><td>Rapid sand filter</td><td>Water treatment system at high velocity (4 - 50 m/h) by mechanical filtration (sand bed).</td></tr><tr><td>Refuse</td><td>Generally domestic solid waste.</td></tr><tr><td>Resurgence</td><td>Surface water that went underground coming back at the surface, often wrongly interpreted as a spring.</td></tr><tr><td>Retention time</td><td>Time during which wastewater is held in a tank to undergo some form of treatment (e.g.: 1 to 3 days in a septic tank). Time during which combustion gasses stay within the hot environment of an incinerator.</td></tr><tr><td>Risk</td><td>Probability that a hazard will cause harm, and the severity of that harm.</td></tr><tr><td>Rodent</td><td>Mammals including rats, mice, squirrels, muskrats, beavers and others. Concern is due to their high infestation rate causing damage to infrastructures, food stocks and potential health risks.</td></tr><tr><td>Runoff (water)</td><td>That part of the precipitation (e.g. rain, snow, hail, snow melt), or irrigation water that flows naturally on the ground towards surface water bodies (e.g. river, lake).</td></tr><tr><td/><td/></tr><tr><td>Safe injection</td><td>An injection that does not harm the patient, does not expose the health worker to any risk, and does not result in waste that puts the handlers and/or the community at risk.</td></tr><tr><td>Sand</td><td>Granular silica compound which is found naturally and is used as building material and filtration medium in water treatment plants.</td></tr></table>", "filetype": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document", "parent_id": "6b5091d871b0ae6dec87b40ec0ffccd5", "category": "Table", "element_id": "8d720175fe20efadb3d20cac3b89368e", "chroma:document": "used to measure the pH by colorimetric comparison (e.g. pool tester), often in tablet form. Pond Small body of surface water. Porosity The ratio of open space in comparison to the total volume (of soil), which is an indicator of the ability of a medium to pass fluids through it. Pour flush latrine Latrine in which the slab has a pan and water trap, and which is flushed manually. ppm Parts per million Precipitation Water in the form of rain, sleet, hail or snow that falls from the atmosphere onto the land and bodies of water. Protozoa Group of unicellular micro-organisms that are larger and more complex than bacteria, certain of which may cause disease in humans (e.g. amoeba). Pupa The intermediate stage between the larva and the adult , in the development of an insect. Radioactive waste Material that contains or is contaminated with radionuclide at concentrations or activities greater than clearance levels. See radionuclide. Radionuclide An atom (nuclide) that exhibits properties of"}


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{"source": "document/Public_health_engineering_2010.docx", "file_directory": "document", "filename": "Public_health_engineering_2010.docx", "last_modified": "2025-03-26T10:19:09", "text_as_html": "<table><tr><td>Organic matter</td><td>Residues or extracts of living organisms.</td></tr><tr><td>Organic waste</td><td>Biodegradable waste. Waste generated in health care facilities such as amputated limbs, placentas, organs, blood and food residues.</td></tr><tr><td>Oxidize</td><td>To transform in the oxidized state. Normally signifies the chemical addition of an element (e.g. oxygen) to break down pollutants or organic wastes.</td></tr><tr><td/><td/></tr><tr><td>Parasite</td><td>An organism which, for all or part of its life, lives in or on the body of another organism (the host) and obtains nourishment from it, without causing the death of the host. Parasites include fungi, arthropods, protozoa, helminths.</td></tr><tr><td>Pathogen</td><td>Any disease causing organism or substance.</td></tr><tr><td>Percolation</td><td>The movement of water downward and radial through subsurface soil layers, usually continuing downward to ground water. Slow seepage of water through a filter.</td></tr><tr><td>Permeability</td><td>The characteristic or the measure of the ease with which water can flow through / infiltrate a solid media / soil.</td></tr><tr><td>Pest</td><td>An inconvenient insect, rodent, nematode, fungus, weed or other form of terrestrial or aquatic plant or animal life that is injurious to health or the environment.</td></tr><tr><td>Pesticide</td><td>Substances or mixtures that are intended for preventing, destroying, repelling, or mitigating any pest.</td></tr><tr><td>pH</td><td>Expression of the degree of acidity or alkalinity of a substance; may range from 0 to 14. The value of 7 is considered as neutral, values below are acidic, values above alkaline (basic).</td></tr><tr><td>Pharmaceutical waste</td><td>All medicines that cannot be used anymore such as opened but unused drugs, cold chain damaged vaccines, expired and unwanted drugs.</td></tr><tr><td>Phenol Red</td><td>Chemical compound used to measure the pH by colorimetric comparison (e.g. pool tester), often in tablet form.</td></tr><tr><td>Pond</td><td>Small body of surface water.</td></tr><tr><td>Porosity</td><td>The ratio of open space in comparison to the total volume (of soil), which is an indicator of the ability of a medium to pass fluids through it.</td></tr><tr><td>Pour flush latrine</td><td>Latrine in which the slab has a pan and water trap, and which is flushed manually.</td></tr><tr><td>ppm</td><td>Parts per million</td></tr><tr><td>Precipitation</td><td>Water in the form of rain, sleet, hail or snow that falls from the atmosphere onto the land and bodies of water.</td></tr><tr><td>Protozoa</td><td>Group of unicellular micro-organisms that are larger and more complex than bacteria, certain of which may cause disease in humans (e.g. amoeba).</td></tr><tr><td>Pupa</td><td>The intermediate stage between the larva and the adult , in the development of an insect.</td></tr><tr><td/><td/></tr><tr><td>Radioactive waste</td><td>Material that contains or is contaminated with radionuclide at concentrations or activities greater than clearance levels. See radionuclide.</td></tr><tr><td>Radionuclide</td><td>An atom (nuclide) that exhibits properties of spontaneous disintegration, liberating energy and is accompanied by the emission of different types of (very harmful) radiation.</td></tr><tr><td>Rainfall patterns</td><td>Historical records of the distribution and quantity of rainfall for a certain area.</td></tr><tr><td>Rainwater</td><td>Water from atmospheric precipitation which may be collected or form / contribute to a water body.</td></tr><tr><td>Rainwater harvesting</td><td>Controlled collection and storage of rainwater, to be used for human activities.</td></tr><tr><td>Rapid sand filter</td><td>Water treatment system at high velocity (4 - 50 m/h) by mechanical filtration (sand bed).</td></tr><tr><td>Refuse</td><td>Generally domestic solid waste.</td></tr><tr><td>Resurgence</td><td>Surface water that went underground coming back at the surface, often wrongly interpreted as a spring.</td></tr><tr><td>Retention time</td><td>Time during which wastewater is held in a tank to undergo some form of treatment (e.g.: 1 to 3 days in a septic tank). Time during which combustion gasses stay within the hot environment of an incinerator.</td></tr><tr><td>Risk</td><td>Probability that a hazard will cause harm, and the severity of that harm.</td></tr><tr><td>Rodent</td><td>Mammals including rats, mice, squirrels, muskrats, beavers and others. Concern is due to their high infestation rate causing damage to infrastructures, food stocks and potential health risks.</td></tr><tr><td>Runoff (water)</td><td>That part of the precipitation (e.g. rain, snow, hail, snow melt), or irrigation water that flows naturally on the ground towards surface water bodies (e.g. river, lake).</td></tr><tr><td/><td/></tr><tr><td>Safe injection</td><td>An injection that does not harm the patient, does not expose the health worker to any risk, and does not result in waste that puts the handlers and/or the community at risk.</td></tr><tr><td>Sand</td><td>Granular silica compound which is found naturally and is used as building material and filtration medium in water treatment plants.</td></tr></table>", "filetype": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document", "parent_id": "6b5091d871b0ae6dec87b40ec0ffccd5", "category": "Table", "element_id": "8d720175fe20efadb3d20cac3b89368e", "chroma:document": "Material that contains or is contaminated with radionuclide at concentrations or activities greater than clearance levels. See radionuclide. Radionuclide An atom (nuclide) that exhibits properties of spontaneous disintegration, liberating energy and is accompanied by the emission of different types of (very harmful) radiation. Rainfall patterns Historical records of the distribution and quantity of rainfall for a certain area. Rainwater Water from atmospheric precipitation which may be collected or form / contribute to a water body. Rainwater harvesting Controlled collection and storage of rainwater, to be used for human activities. Rapid sand filter Water treatment system at high velocity (4 - 50 m/h) by mechanical filtration (sand bed). Refuse Generally domestic solid waste. Resurgence Surface water that went underground coming back at the surface, often wrongly interpreted as a spring. Retention time Time during which wastewater is held in a tank to undergo some form of treatment"}


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{"source": "document/Public_health_engineering_2010.docx", "file_directory": "document", "filename": "Public_health_engineering_2010.docx", "last_modified": "2025-03-26T10:19:09", "text_as_html": "<table><tr><td>Organic matter</td><td>Residues or extracts of living organisms.</td></tr><tr><td>Organic waste</td><td>Biodegradable waste. Waste generated in health care facilities such as amputated limbs, placentas, organs, blood and food residues.</td></tr><tr><td>Oxidize</td><td>To transform in the oxidized state. Normally signifies the chemical addition of an element (e.g. oxygen) to break down pollutants or organic wastes.</td></tr><tr><td/><td/></tr><tr><td>Parasite</td><td>An organism which, for all or part of its life, lives in or on the body of another organism (the host) and obtains nourishment from it, without causing the death of the host. Parasites include fungi, arthropods, protozoa, helminths.</td></tr><tr><td>Pathogen</td><td>Any disease causing organism or substance.</td></tr><tr><td>Percolation</td><td>The movement of water downward and radial through subsurface soil layers, usually continuing downward to ground water. Slow seepage of water through a filter.</td></tr><tr><td>Permeability</td><td>The characteristic or the measure of the ease with which water can flow through / infiltrate a solid media / soil.</td></tr><tr><td>Pest</td><td>An inconvenient insect, rodent, nematode, fungus, weed or other form of terrestrial or aquatic plant or animal life that is injurious to health or the environment.</td></tr><tr><td>Pesticide</td><td>Substances or mixtures that are intended for preventing, destroying, repelling, or mitigating any pest.</td></tr><tr><td>pH</td><td>Expression of the degree of acidity or alkalinity of a substance; may range from 0 to 14. The value of 7 is considered as neutral, values below are acidic, values above alkaline (basic).</td></tr><tr><td>Pharmaceutical waste</td><td>All medicines that cannot be used anymore such as opened but unused drugs, cold chain damaged vaccines, expired and unwanted drugs.</td></tr><tr><td>Phenol Red</td><td>Chemical compound used to measure the pH by colorimetric comparison (e.g. pool tester), often in tablet form.</td></tr><tr><td>Pond</td><td>Small body of surface water.</td></tr><tr><td>Porosity</td><td>The ratio of open space in comparison to the total volume (of soil), which is an indicator of the ability of a medium to pass fluids through it.</td></tr><tr><td>Pour flush latrine</td><td>Latrine in which the slab has a pan and water trap, and which is flushed manually.</td></tr><tr><td>ppm</td><td>Parts per million</td></tr><tr><td>Precipitation</td><td>Water in the form of rain, sleet, hail or snow that falls from the atmosphere onto the land and bodies of water.</td></tr><tr><td>Protozoa</td><td>Group of unicellular micro-organisms that are larger and more complex than bacteria, certain of which may cause disease in humans (e.g. amoeba).</td></tr><tr><td>Pupa</td><td>The intermediate stage between the larva and the adult , in the development of an insect.</td></tr><tr><td/><td/></tr><tr><td>Radioactive waste</td><td>Material that contains or is contaminated with radionuclide at concentrations or activities greater than clearance levels. See radionuclide.</td></tr><tr><td>Radionuclide</td><td>An atom (nuclide) that exhibits properties of spontaneous disintegration, liberating energy and is accompanied by the emission of different types of (very harmful) radiation.</td></tr><tr><td>Rainfall patterns</td><td>Historical records of the distribution and quantity of rainfall for a certain area.</td></tr><tr><td>Rainwater</td><td>Water from atmospheric precipitation which may be collected or form / contribute to a water body.</td></tr><tr><td>Rainwater harvesting</td><td>Controlled collection and storage of rainwater, to be used for human activities.</td></tr><tr><td>Rapid sand filter</td><td>Water treatment system at high velocity (4 - 50 m/h) by mechanical filtration (sand bed).</td></tr><tr><td>Refuse</td><td>Generally domestic solid waste.</td></tr><tr><td>Resurgence</td><td>Surface water that went underground coming back at the surface, often wrongly interpreted as a spring.</td></tr><tr><td>Retention time</td><td>Time during which wastewater is held in a tank to undergo some form of treatment (e.g.: 1 to 3 days in a septic tank). Time during which combustion gasses stay within the hot environment of an incinerator.</td></tr><tr><td>Risk</td><td>Probability that a hazard will cause harm, and the severity of that harm.</td></tr><tr><td>Rodent</td><td>Mammals including rats, mice, squirrels, muskrats, beavers and others. Concern is due to their high infestation rate causing damage to infrastructures, food stocks and potential health risks.</td></tr><tr><td>Runoff (water)</td><td>That part of the precipitation (e.g. rain, snow, hail, snow melt), or irrigation water that flows naturally on the ground towards surface water bodies (e.g. river, lake).</td></tr><tr><td/><td/></tr><tr><td>Safe injection</td><td>An injection that does not harm the patient, does not expose the health worker to any risk, and does not result in waste that puts the handlers and/or the community at risk.</td></tr><tr><td>Sand</td><td>Granular silica compound which is found naturally and is used as building material and filtration medium in water treatment plants.</td></tr></table>", "filetype": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document", "parent_id": "6b5091d871b0ae6dec87b40ec0ffccd5", "category": "Table", "element_id": "8d720175fe20efadb3d20cac3b89368e", "chroma:document": "Surface water that went underground coming back at the surface, often wrongly interpreted as a spring. Retention time Time during which wastewater is held in a tank to undergo some form of treatment (e.g.: 1 to 3 days in a septic tank). Time during which combustion gasses stay within the hot environment of an incinerator. Risk Probability that a hazard will cause harm, and the severity of that harm. Rodent Mammals including rats, mice, squirrels, muskrats, beavers and others. Concern is due to their high infestation rate causing damage to infrastructures, food stocks and potential health risks. Runoff (water) That part of the precipitation (e.g. rain, snow, hail, snow melt), or irrigation water that flows naturally on the ground towards surface water bodies (e.g. river, lake). Safe injection An injection that does not harm the patient, does not expose the health worker to any risk, and does not result in waste that puts the handlers and/or the community at risk. Sand Granular silica"}


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{"source": "document/Public_health_engineering_2010.docx", "file_directory": "document", "filename": "Public_health_engineering_2010.docx", "last_modified": "2025-03-26T10:19:09", "text_as_html": "<table><tr><td>Organic matter</td><td>Residues or extracts of living organisms.</td></tr><tr><td>Organic waste</td><td>Biodegradable waste. Waste generated in health care facilities such as amputated limbs, placentas, organs, blood and food residues.</td></tr><tr><td>Oxidize</td><td>To transform in the oxidized state. Normally signifies the chemical addition of an element (e.g. oxygen) to break down pollutants or organic wastes.</td></tr><tr><td/><td/></tr><tr><td>Parasite</td><td>An organism which, for all or part of its life, lives in or on the body of another organism (the host) and obtains nourishment from it, without causing the death of the host. Parasites include fungi, arthropods, protozoa, helminths.</td></tr><tr><td>Pathogen</td><td>Any disease causing organism or substance.</td></tr><tr><td>Percolation</td><td>The movement of water downward and radial through subsurface soil layers, usually continuing downward to ground water. Slow seepage of water through a filter.</td></tr><tr><td>Permeability</td><td>The characteristic or the measure of the ease with which water can flow through / infiltrate a solid media / soil.</td></tr><tr><td>Pest</td><td>An inconvenient insect, rodent, nematode, fungus, weed or other form of terrestrial or aquatic plant or animal life that is injurious to health or the environment.</td></tr><tr><td>Pesticide</td><td>Substances or mixtures that are intended for preventing, destroying, repelling, or mitigating any pest.</td></tr><tr><td>pH</td><td>Expression of the degree of acidity or alkalinity of a substance; may range from 0 to 14. The value of 7 is considered as neutral, values below are acidic, values above alkaline (basic).</td></tr><tr><td>Pharmaceutical waste</td><td>All medicines that cannot be used anymore such as opened but unused drugs, cold chain damaged vaccines, expired and unwanted drugs.</td></tr><tr><td>Phenol Red</td><td>Chemical compound used to measure the pH by colorimetric comparison (e.g. pool tester), often in tablet form.</td></tr><tr><td>Pond</td><td>Small body of surface water.</td></tr><tr><td>Porosity</td><td>The ratio of open space in comparison to the total volume (of soil), which is an indicator of the ability of a medium to pass fluids through it.</td></tr><tr><td>Pour flush latrine</td><td>Latrine in which the slab has a pan and water trap, and which is flushed manually.</td></tr><tr><td>ppm</td><td>Parts per million</td></tr><tr><td>Precipitation</td><td>Water in the form of rain, sleet, hail or snow that falls from the atmosphere onto the land and bodies of water.</td></tr><tr><td>Protozoa</td><td>Group of unicellular micro-organisms that are larger and more complex than bacteria, certain of which may cause disease in humans (e.g. amoeba).</td></tr><tr><td>Pupa</td><td>The intermediate stage between the larva and the adult , in the development of an insect.</td></tr><tr><td/><td/></tr><tr><td>Radioactive waste</td><td>Material that contains or is contaminated with radionuclide at concentrations or activities greater than clearance levels. See radionuclide.</td></tr><tr><td>Radionuclide</td><td>An atom (nuclide) that exhibits properties of spontaneous disintegration, liberating energy and is accompanied by the emission of different types of (very harmful) radiation.</td></tr><tr><td>Rainfall patterns</td><td>Historical records of the distribution and quantity of rainfall for a certain area.</td></tr><tr><td>Rainwater</td><td>Water from atmospheric precipitation which may be collected or form / contribute to a water body.</td></tr><tr><td>Rainwater harvesting</td><td>Controlled collection and storage of rainwater, to be used for human activities.</td></tr><tr><td>Rapid sand filter</td><td>Water treatment system at high velocity (4 - 50 m/h) by mechanical filtration (sand bed).</td></tr><tr><td>Refuse</td><td>Generally domestic solid waste.</td></tr><tr><td>Resurgence</td><td>Surface water that went underground coming back at the surface, often wrongly interpreted as a spring.</td></tr><tr><td>Retention time</td><td>Time during which wastewater is held in a tank to undergo some form of treatment (e.g.: 1 to 3 days in a septic tank). Time during which combustion gasses stay within the hot environment of an incinerator.</td></tr><tr><td>Risk</td><td>Probability that a hazard will cause harm, and the severity of that harm.</td></tr><tr><td>Rodent</td><td>Mammals including rats, mice, squirrels, muskrats, beavers and others. Concern is due to their high infestation rate causing damage to infrastructures, food stocks and potential health risks.</td></tr><tr><td>Runoff (water)</td><td>That part of the precipitation (e.g. rain, snow, hail, snow melt), or irrigation water that flows naturally on the ground towards surface water bodies (e.g. river, lake).</td></tr><tr><td/><td/></tr><tr><td>Safe injection</td><td>An injection that does not harm the patient, does not expose the health worker to any risk, and does not result in waste that puts the handlers and/or the community at risk.</td></tr><tr><td>Sand</td><td>Granular silica compound which is found naturally and is used as building material and filtration medium in water treatment plants.</td></tr></table>", "filetype": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document", "parent_id": "6b5091d871b0ae6dec87b40ec0ffccd5", "category": "Table", "element_id": "8d720175fe20efadb3d20cac3b89368e", "chroma:document": "An injection that does not harm the patient, does not expose the health worker to any risk, and does not result in waste that puts the handlers and/or the community at risk. Sand Granular silica compound which is found naturally and is used as building material and filtration medium in water treatment plants."}


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{"source": "document/Public_health_engineering_2010.docx", "file_directory": "document", "filename": "Public_health_engineering_2010.docx", "last_modified": "2025-03-26T10:19:09", "text_as_html": "<table><tr><td>Sanitary inspection</td><td>Field observation, using criteria to evaluate the environmental hygiene status of a settlement (e.g. refugee camp). It should include the inspection of water points (e.g. well, river) and sanitary facilities (e.g. latrines, wastewater disposal), if existing.</td></tr><tr><td>Sanitary landfill</td><td>Disposal sites for non-hazardous solid wastes spread in layers, compacted to the smallest practical volume, and covered by soil applied at the end of each operating day. In some cases, a specific part of the site can be foreseen to dispose of hazardous waste, or more in general medical waste.</td></tr><tr><td>Scalpel</td><td>Medical instrument consists of a handle and a sharp disposable blade used in surgical dissection.</td></tr><tr><td>Scavengers</td><td>Human or animal which depends on refuse (from waste dumps) for survival.</td></tr><tr><td>Schmutzdecke</td><td>Biological layer (bio film) at the surface of a slow sand filter, playing a purifying role. See slow sand filter.</td></tr><tr><td>Sedimentation / Settling</td><td>The process of deposition of impurities in water (e.g. suspended solids) to the bottom part of a reservoir, due to gravity.</td></tr><tr><td>Segregation</td><td>Separation of waste materials (medical waste) into different categories: sharps, soft (burnable), organic and hazardous waste. It is desired to take place at the source where the waste is generated.</td></tr><tr><td>Septic tank</td><td>Reservoir for collection and partial treatment of wastewater (mainly sewage, and potentially sullage) before further treatment and/or disposal (e.g. into sub-surface drainage, closed sewer).</td></tr><tr><td>Sewage</td><td>Wastewater containing excreta. Sometimes also called black water.</td></tr><tr><td>Sharps</td><td>Medical equipment such as needles, scalpel and raiser blades, lancets, and also empty ampoules, vials and broken glass that can cause injuries. Considered after use as a separate category of medical waste.</td></tr><tr><td>Sharps container</td><td>Recipient used in health facilities for segregating, temporary storage, transportation and eventual disposal of sharp wastes.</td></tr><tr><td>Slow sand filter</td><td>Water treatment system at low velocity by combination of mechanical filtration (sand bed) and biological purification (Schmutzedcke).</td></tr><tr><td>Slurry</td><td>A watery mixture of insoluble matter resulting from some pollution control techniques and installations.</td></tr><tr><td>Soak away pit</td><td>Hole filled with (big) stones, used for infiltration of pre-treated wastewater (from septic tank / grease trap).</td></tr><tr><td>Sodium Di-Chloro isoCyanurate</td><td>Chlorine-generating product under granular or tablet form, containing 55 to 60% active chlorine, often called NaDCC. By far, the most stable chlorine-generating product.</td></tr><tr><td>Sodium hypochlorite</td><td>Chlorine-generating product (NaOCl) under liquid form, containing 4 to 15% chlorine, often called bleach. Much less stable than calcium hypochlorite and NaDCC.</td></tr><tr><td>Sodium thiosulphate</td><td>Crystalline chemical substance used for de-chlorinating drinking water (used during sampling of chlorinated water for micro-biological analysis).</td></tr><tr><td>Soil</td><td>A complex mixture of inorganic materials (clay, silt, gravel and sand), decaying organic matter, water, air and living organisms, which covers the Earth&#x27;s surface.</td></tr><tr><td>Solid waste</td><td>All non-liquid waste.</td></tr><tr><td>Spring</td><td>Groundwater seeping naturally out of the earth. A spring can be a seasonal or a permanent water source.</td></tr><tr><td>Stakeholders</td><td>Any organization, governmental entity, or individual that has an interest in or may be affected by a given approach to environmental regulation, pollution prevention, energy conservation, etc.</td></tr><tr><td>Standing water / Stagnant water</td><td>Water from rain or human activities, which remain static on the ground surface.</td></tr><tr><td>Sterile</td><td>Any object or media that does not contain germs or any other form of life.</td></tr><tr><td>Sterilisation</td><td>Elimination of all micro-organisms ( viruses, bacteria and microscopic fungi) from water, objects or from a surface.</td></tr><tr><td>Stock solution / &quot;Mother solution&quot;</td><td>Concentrated solution of 1%, used for treating (chlorination, coagulation - flocculation) a known volume of water.</td></tr><tr><td>Storm water</td><td>Rainwater running on the ground surface (collected and disposed of separately from wastewater). See runoff water.</td></tr><tr><td>Strainer</td><td>Sieve to keep back large impurities that are present in the water. It should be installed, often in combination with a non-return valve, at the bottom end of a suction pipe. It is also integrated directly on submersible and dewatering pumps.</td></tr><tr><td>Submersible pump</td><td>Pump that is completely, as well the pumping part as the electrical motor, under the water surface. Normally designed to pump clean water.</td></tr><tr><td>Subsoil</td><td>A complete mixture of inorganic materials (clay, silt, gravel, sand) under the ground level and above the bedrock.</td></tr></table>", "filetype": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document", "parent_id": "6b5091d871b0ae6dec87b40ec0ffccd5", "category": "Table", "element_id": "ce4819ca7e346eb8dc9d74403da7b961", "chroma:document": "Sanitary inspection Field observation, using criteria to evaluate the environmental hygiene status of a settlement (e.g. refugee camp). It should include the inspection of water points (e.g. well, river) and sanitary facilities (e.g. latrines, wastewater disposal), if existing. Sanitary landfill Disposal sites for non-hazardous solid wastes spread in layers, compacted to the smallest practical volume, and covered by soil applied at the end of each operating day. In some cases, a specific part of the site can be foreseen to dispose of hazardous waste, or more in general medical waste. Scalpel Medical instrument consists of a handle and a sharp disposable blade used in surgical dissection. Scavengers Human or animal which depends on refuse (from waste dumps) for survival. Schmutzdecke Biological layer (bio film) at the surface of a slow sand filter, playing a purifying role. See slow sand filter. Sedimentation / Settling The process of deposition of impurities in water (e.g. suspended"}


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{"source": "document/Public_health_engineering_2010.docx", "file_directory": "document", "filename": "Public_health_engineering_2010.docx", "last_modified": "2025-03-26T10:19:09", "text_as_html": "<table><tr><td>Sanitary inspection</td><td>Field observation, using criteria to evaluate the environmental hygiene status of a settlement (e.g. refugee camp). It should include the inspection of water points (e.g. well, river) and sanitary facilities (e.g. latrines, wastewater disposal), if existing.</td></tr><tr><td>Sanitary landfill</td><td>Disposal sites for non-hazardous solid wastes spread in layers, compacted to the smallest practical volume, and covered by soil applied at the end of each operating day. In some cases, a specific part of the site can be foreseen to dispose of hazardous waste, or more in general medical waste.</td></tr><tr><td>Scalpel</td><td>Medical instrument consists of a handle and a sharp disposable blade used in surgical dissection.</td></tr><tr><td>Scavengers</td><td>Human or animal which depends on refuse (from waste dumps) for survival.</td></tr><tr><td>Schmutzdecke</td><td>Biological layer (bio film) at the surface of a slow sand filter, playing a purifying role. See slow sand filter.</td></tr><tr><td>Sedimentation / Settling</td><td>The process of deposition of impurities in water (e.g. suspended solids) to the bottom part of a reservoir, due to gravity.</td></tr><tr><td>Segregation</td><td>Separation of waste materials (medical waste) into different categories: sharps, soft (burnable), organic and hazardous waste. It is desired to take place at the source where the waste is generated.</td></tr><tr><td>Septic tank</td><td>Reservoir for collection and partial treatment of wastewater (mainly sewage, and potentially sullage) before further treatment and/or disposal (e.g. into sub-surface drainage, closed sewer).</td></tr><tr><td>Sewage</td><td>Wastewater containing excreta. Sometimes also called black water.</td></tr><tr><td>Sharps</td><td>Medical equipment such as needles, scalpel and raiser blades, lancets, and also empty ampoules, vials and broken glass that can cause injuries. Considered after use as a separate category of medical waste.</td></tr><tr><td>Sharps container</td><td>Recipient used in health facilities for segregating, temporary storage, transportation and eventual disposal of sharp wastes.</td></tr><tr><td>Slow sand filter</td><td>Water treatment system at low velocity by combination of mechanical filtration (sand bed) and biological purification (Schmutzedcke).</td></tr><tr><td>Slurry</td><td>A watery mixture of insoluble matter resulting from some pollution control techniques and installations.</td></tr><tr><td>Soak away pit</td><td>Hole filled with (big) stones, used for infiltration of pre-treated wastewater (from septic tank / grease trap).</td></tr><tr><td>Sodium Di-Chloro isoCyanurate</td><td>Chlorine-generating product under granular or tablet form, containing 55 to 60% active chlorine, often called NaDCC. By far, the most stable chlorine-generating product.</td></tr><tr><td>Sodium hypochlorite</td><td>Chlorine-generating product (NaOCl) under liquid form, containing 4 to 15% chlorine, often called bleach. Much less stable than calcium hypochlorite and NaDCC.</td></tr><tr><td>Sodium thiosulphate</td><td>Crystalline chemical substance used for de-chlorinating drinking water (used during sampling of chlorinated water for micro-biological analysis).</td></tr><tr><td>Soil</td><td>A complex mixture of inorganic materials (clay, silt, gravel and sand), decaying organic matter, water, air and living organisms, which covers the Earth&#x27;s surface.</td></tr><tr><td>Solid waste</td><td>All non-liquid waste.</td></tr><tr><td>Spring</td><td>Groundwater seeping naturally out of the earth. A spring can be a seasonal or a permanent water source.</td></tr><tr><td>Stakeholders</td><td>Any organization, governmental entity, or individual that has an interest in or may be affected by a given approach to environmental regulation, pollution prevention, energy conservation, etc.</td></tr><tr><td>Standing water / Stagnant water</td><td>Water from rain or human activities, which remain static on the ground surface.</td></tr><tr><td>Sterile</td><td>Any object or media that does not contain germs or any other form of life.</td></tr><tr><td>Sterilisation</td><td>Elimination of all micro-organisms ( viruses, bacteria and microscopic fungi) from water, objects or from a surface.</td></tr><tr><td>Stock solution / &quot;Mother solution&quot;</td><td>Concentrated solution of 1%, used for treating (chlorination, coagulation - flocculation) a known volume of water.</td></tr><tr><td>Storm water</td><td>Rainwater running on the ground surface (collected and disposed of separately from wastewater). See runoff water.</td></tr><tr><td>Strainer</td><td>Sieve to keep back large impurities that are present in the water. It should be installed, often in combination with a non-return valve, at the bottom end of a suction pipe. It is also integrated directly on submersible and dewatering pumps.</td></tr><tr><td>Submersible pump</td><td>Pump that is completely, as well the pumping part as the electrical motor, under the water surface. Normally designed to pump clean water.</td></tr><tr><td>Subsoil</td><td>A complete mixture of inorganic materials (clay, silt, gravel, sand) under the ground level and above the bedrock.</td></tr></table>", "filetype": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document", "parent_id": "6b5091d871b0ae6dec87b40ec0ffccd5", "category": "Table", "element_id": "ce4819ca7e346eb8dc9d74403da7b961", "chroma:document": "layer (bio film) at the surface of a slow sand filter, playing a purifying role. See slow sand filter. Sedimentation / Settling The process of deposition of impurities in water (e.g. suspended solids) to the bottom part of a reservoir, due to gravity. Segregation Separation of waste materials (medical waste) into different categories: sharps, soft (burnable), organic and hazardous waste. It is desired to take place at the source where the waste is generated. Septic tank Reservoir for collection and partial treatment of wastewater (mainly sewage, and potentially sullage) before further treatment and/or disposal (e.g. into sub-surface drainage, closed sewer). Sewage Wastewater containing excreta. Sometimes also called black water. Sharps Medical equipment such as needles, scalpel and raiser blades, lancets, and also empty ampoules, vials and broken glass that can cause injuries. Considered after use as a separate category of medical waste. Sharps container Recipient used in health"}


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{"source": "document/Public_health_engineering_2010.docx", "file_directory": "document", "filename": "Public_health_engineering_2010.docx", "last_modified": "2025-03-26T10:19:09", "text_as_html": "<table><tr><td>Sanitary inspection</td><td>Field observation, using criteria to evaluate the environmental hygiene status of a settlement (e.g. refugee camp). It should include the inspection of water points (e.g. well, river) and sanitary facilities (e.g. latrines, wastewater disposal), if existing.</td></tr><tr><td>Sanitary landfill</td><td>Disposal sites for non-hazardous solid wastes spread in layers, compacted to the smallest practical volume, and covered by soil applied at the end of each operating day. In some cases, a specific part of the site can be foreseen to dispose of hazardous waste, or more in general medical waste.</td></tr><tr><td>Scalpel</td><td>Medical instrument consists of a handle and a sharp disposable blade used in surgical dissection.</td></tr><tr><td>Scavengers</td><td>Human or animal which depends on refuse (from waste dumps) for survival.</td></tr><tr><td>Schmutzdecke</td><td>Biological layer (bio film) at the surface of a slow sand filter, playing a purifying role. See slow sand filter.</td></tr><tr><td>Sedimentation / Settling</td><td>The process of deposition of impurities in water (e.g. suspended solids) to the bottom part of a reservoir, due to gravity.</td></tr><tr><td>Segregation</td><td>Separation of waste materials (medical waste) into different categories: sharps, soft (burnable), organic and hazardous waste. It is desired to take place at the source where the waste is generated.</td></tr><tr><td>Septic tank</td><td>Reservoir for collection and partial treatment of wastewater (mainly sewage, and potentially sullage) before further treatment and/or disposal (e.g. into sub-surface drainage, closed sewer).</td></tr><tr><td>Sewage</td><td>Wastewater containing excreta. Sometimes also called black water.</td></tr><tr><td>Sharps</td><td>Medical equipment such as needles, scalpel and raiser blades, lancets, and also empty ampoules, vials and broken glass that can cause injuries. Considered after use as a separate category of medical waste.</td></tr><tr><td>Sharps container</td><td>Recipient used in health facilities for segregating, temporary storage, transportation and eventual disposal of sharp wastes.</td></tr><tr><td>Slow sand filter</td><td>Water treatment system at low velocity by combination of mechanical filtration (sand bed) and biological purification (Schmutzedcke).</td></tr><tr><td>Slurry</td><td>A watery mixture of insoluble matter resulting from some pollution control techniques and installations.</td></tr><tr><td>Soak away pit</td><td>Hole filled with (big) stones, used for infiltration of pre-treated wastewater (from septic tank / grease trap).</td></tr><tr><td>Sodium Di-Chloro isoCyanurate</td><td>Chlorine-generating product under granular or tablet form, containing 55 to 60% active chlorine, often called NaDCC. By far, the most stable chlorine-generating product.</td></tr><tr><td>Sodium hypochlorite</td><td>Chlorine-generating product (NaOCl) under liquid form, containing 4 to 15% chlorine, often called bleach. Much less stable than calcium hypochlorite and NaDCC.</td></tr><tr><td>Sodium thiosulphate</td><td>Crystalline chemical substance used for de-chlorinating drinking water (used during sampling of chlorinated water for micro-biological analysis).</td></tr><tr><td>Soil</td><td>A complex mixture of inorganic materials (clay, silt, gravel and sand), decaying organic matter, water, air and living organisms, which covers the Earth&#x27;s surface.</td></tr><tr><td>Solid waste</td><td>All non-liquid waste.</td></tr><tr><td>Spring</td><td>Groundwater seeping naturally out of the earth. A spring can be a seasonal or a permanent water source.</td></tr><tr><td>Stakeholders</td><td>Any organization, governmental entity, or individual that has an interest in or may be affected by a given approach to environmental regulation, pollution prevention, energy conservation, etc.</td></tr><tr><td>Standing water / Stagnant water</td><td>Water from rain or human activities, which remain static on the ground surface.</td></tr><tr><td>Sterile</td><td>Any object or media that does not contain germs or any other form of life.</td></tr><tr><td>Sterilisation</td><td>Elimination of all micro-organisms ( viruses, bacteria and microscopic fungi) from water, objects or from a surface.</td></tr><tr><td>Stock solution / &quot;Mother solution&quot;</td><td>Concentrated solution of 1%, used for treating (chlorination, coagulation - flocculation) a known volume of water.</td></tr><tr><td>Storm water</td><td>Rainwater running on the ground surface (collected and disposed of separately from wastewater). See runoff water.</td></tr><tr><td>Strainer</td><td>Sieve to keep back large impurities that are present in the water. It should be installed, often in combination with a non-return valve, at the bottom end of a suction pipe. It is also integrated directly on submersible and dewatering pumps.</td></tr><tr><td>Submersible pump</td><td>Pump that is completely, as well the pumping part as the electrical motor, under the water surface. Normally designed to pump clean water.</td></tr><tr><td>Subsoil</td><td>A complete mixture of inorganic materials (clay, silt, gravel, sand) under the ground level and above the bedrock.</td></tr></table>", "filetype": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document", "parent_id": "6b5091d871b0ae6dec87b40ec0ffccd5", "category": "Table", "element_id": "ce4819ca7e346eb8dc9d74403da7b961", "chroma:document": "blades, lancets, and also empty ampoules, vials and broken glass that can cause injuries. Considered after use as a separate category of medical waste. Sharps container Recipient used in health facilities for segregating, temporary storage, transportation and eventual disposal of sharp wastes. Slow sand filter Water treatment system at low velocity by combination of mechanical filtration (sand bed) and biological purification (Schmutzedcke). Slurry A watery mixture of insoluble matter resulting from some pollution control techniques and installations. Soak away pit Hole filled with (big) stones, used for infiltration of pre-treated wastewater (from septic tank / grease trap). Sodium Di-Chloro isoCyanurate Chlorine-generating product under granular or tablet form, containing 55 to 60% active chlorine, often called NaDCC. By far, the most stable chlorine-generating product. Sodium hypochlorite Chlorine-generating product (NaOCl) under liquid form, containing 4 to 15% chlorine, often"}


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{"source": "document/Public_health_engineering_2010.docx", "file_directory": "document", "filename": "Public_health_engineering_2010.docx", "last_modified": "2025-03-26T10:19:09", "text_as_html": "<table><tr><td>Sanitary inspection</td><td>Field observation, using criteria to evaluate the environmental hygiene status of a settlement (e.g. refugee camp). It should include the inspection of water points (e.g. well, river) and sanitary facilities (e.g. latrines, wastewater disposal), if existing.</td></tr><tr><td>Sanitary landfill</td><td>Disposal sites for non-hazardous solid wastes spread in layers, compacted to the smallest practical volume, and covered by soil applied at the end of each operating day. In some cases, a specific part of the site can be foreseen to dispose of hazardous waste, or more in general medical waste.</td></tr><tr><td>Scalpel</td><td>Medical instrument consists of a handle and a sharp disposable blade used in surgical dissection.</td></tr><tr><td>Scavengers</td><td>Human or animal which depends on refuse (from waste dumps) for survival.</td></tr><tr><td>Schmutzdecke</td><td>Biological layer (bio film) at the surface of a slow sand filter, playing a purifying role. See slow sand filter.</td></tr><tr><td>Sedimentation / Settling</td><td>The process of deposition of impurities in water (e.g. suspended solids) to the bottom part of a reservoir, due to gravity.</td></tr><tr><td>Segregation</td><td>Separation of waste materials (medical waste) into different categories: sharps, soft (burnable), organic and hazardous waste. It is desired to take place at the source where the waste is generated.</td></tr><tr><td>Septic tank</td><td>Reservoir for collection and partial treatment of wastewater (mainly sewage, and potentially sullage) before further treatment and/or disposal (e.g. into sub-surface drainage, closed sewer).</td></tr><tr><td>Sewage</td><td>Wastewater containing excreta. Sometimes also called black water.</td></tr><tr><td>Sharps</td><td>Medical equipment such as needles, scalpel and raiser blades, lancets, and also empty ampoules, vials and broken glass that can cause injuries. Considered after use as a separate category of medical waste.</td></tr><tr><td>Sharps container</td><td>Recipient used in health facilities for segregating, temporary storage, transportation and eventual disposal of sharp wastes.</td></tr><tr><td>Slow sand filter</td><td>Water treatment system at low velocity by combination of mechanical filtration (sand bed) and biological purification (Schmutzedcke).</td></tr><tr><td>Slurry</td><td>A watery mixture of insoluble matter resulting from some pollution control techniques and installations.</td></tr><tr><td>Soak away pit</td><td>Hole filled with (big) stones, used for infiltration of pre-treated wastewater (from septic tank / grease trap).</td></tr><tr><td>Sodium Di-Chloro isoCyanurate</td><td>Chlorine-generating product under granular or tablet form, containing 55 to 60% active chlorine, often called NaDCC. By far, the most stable chlorine-generating product.</td></tr><tr><td>Sodium hypochlorite</td><td>Chlorine-generating product (NaOCl) under liquid form, containing 4 to 15% chlorine, often called bleach. Much less stable than calcium hypochlorite and NaDCC.</td></tr><tr><td>Sodium thiosulphate</td><td>Crystalline chemical substance used for de-chlorinating drinking water (used during sampling of chlorinated water for micro-biological analysis).</td></tr><tr><td>Soil</td><td>A complex mixture of inorganic materials (clay, silt, gravel and sand), decaying organic matter, water, air and living organisms, which covers the Earth&#x27;s surface.</td></tr><tr><td>Solid waste</td><td>All non-liquid waste.</td></tr><tr><td>Spring</td><td>Groundwater seeping naturally out of the earth. A spring can be a seasonal or a permanent water source.</td></tr><tr><td>Stakeholders</td><td>Any organization, governmental entity, or individual that has an interest in or may be affected by a given approach to environmental regulation, pollution prevention, energy conservation, etc.</td></tr><tr><td>Standing water / Stagnant water</td><td>Water from rain or human activities, which remain static on the ground surface.</td></tr><tr><td>Sterile</td><td>Any object or media that does not contain germs or any other form of life.</td></tr><tr><td>Sterilisation</td><td>Elimination of all micro-organisms ( viruses, bacteria and microscopic fungi) from water, objects or from a surface.</td></tr><tr><td>Stock solution / &quot;Mother solution&quot;</td><td>Concentrated solution of 1%, used for treating (chlorination, coagulation - flocculation) a known volume of water.</td></tr><tr><td>Storm water</td><td>Rainwater running on the ground surface (collected and disposed of separately from wastewater). See runoff water.</td></tr><tr><td>Strainer</td><td>Sieve to keep back large impurities that are present in the water. It should be installed, often in combination with a non-return valve, at the bottom end of a suction pipe. It is also integrated directly on submersible and dewatering pumps.</td></tr><tr><td>Submersible pump</td><td>Pump that is completely, as well the pumping part as the electrical motor, under the water surface. Normally designed to pump clean water.</td></tr><tr><td>Subsoil</td><td>A complete mixture of inorganic materials (clay, silt, gravel, sand) under the ground level and above the bedrock.</td></tr></table>", "filetype": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document", "parent_id": "6b5091d871b0ae6dec87b40ec0ffccd5", "category": "Table", "element_id": "ce4819ca7e346eb8dc9d74403da7b961", "chroma:document": "chlorine, often called NaDCC. By far, the most stable chlorine-generating product. Sodium hypochlorite Chlorine-generating product (NaOCl) under liquid form, containing 4 to 15% chlorine, often called bleach. Much less stable than calcium hypochlorite and NaDCC. Sodium thiosulphate Crystalline chemical substance used for de-chlorinating drinking water (used during sampling of chlorinated water for micro-biological analysis). Soil A complex mixture of inorganic materials (clay, silt, gravel and sand), decaying organic matter, water, air and living organisms, which covers the Earth's surface. Solid waste All non-liquid waste. Spring Groundwater seeping naturally out of the earth. A spring can be a seasonal or a permanent water source. Stakeholders Any organization, governmental entity, or individual that has an interest in or may be affected by a given approach to environmental regulation, pollution prevention, energy conservation, etc. Standing water / Stagnant water Water from rain or"}


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{"source": "document/Public_health_engineering_2010.docx", "file_directory": "document", "filename": "Public_health_engineering_2010.docx", "last_modified": "2025-03-26T10:19:09", "text_as_html": "<table><tr><td>Sanitary inspection</td><td>Field observation, using criteria to evaluate the environmental hygiene status of a settlement (e.g. refugee camp). It should include the inspection of water points (e.g. well, river) and sanitary facilities (e.g. latrines, wastewater disposal), if existing.</td></tr><tr><td>Sanitary landfill</td><td>Disposal sites for non-hazardous solid wastes spread in layers, compacted to the smallest practical volume, and covered by soil applied at the end of each operating day. In some cases, a specific part of the site can be foreseen to dispose of hazardous waste, or more in general medical waste.</td></tr><tr><td>Scalpel</td><td>Medical instrument consists of a handle and a sharp disposable blade used in surgical dissection.</td></tr><tr><td>Scavengers</td><td>Human or animal which depends on refuse (from waste dumps) for survival.</td></tr><tr><td>Schmutzdecke</td><td>Biological layer (bio film) at the surface of a slow sand filter, playing a purifying role. See slow sand filter.</td></tr><tr><td>Sedimentation / Settling</td><td>The process of deposition of impurities in water (e.g. suspended solids) to the bottom part of a reservoir, due to gravity.</td></tr><tr><td>Segregation</td><td>Separation of waste materials (medical waste) into different categories: sharps, soft (burnable), organic and hazardous waste. It is desired to take place at the source where the waste is generated.</td></tr><tr><td>Septic tank</td><td>Reservoir for collection and partial treatment of wastewater (mainly sewage, and potentially sullage) before further treatment and/or disposal (e.g. into sub-surface drainage, closed sewer).</td></tr><tr><td>Sewage</td><td>Wastewater containing excreta. Sometimes also called black water.</td></tr><tr><td>Sharps</td><td>Medical equipment such as needles, scalpel and raiser blades, lancets, and also empty ampoules, vials and broken glass that can cause injuries. Considered after use as a separate category of medical waste.</td></tr><tr><td>Sharps container</td><td>Recipient used in health facilities for segregating, temporary storage, transportation and eventual disposal of sharp wastes.</td></tr><tr><td>Slow sand filter</td><td>Water treatment system at low velocity by combination of mechanical filtration (sand bed) and biological purification (Schmutzedcke).</td></tr><tr><td>Slurry</td><td>A watery mixture of insoluble matter resulting from some pollution control techniques and installations.</td></tr><tr><td>Soak away pit</td><td>Hole filled with (big) stones, used for infiltration of pre-treated wastewater (from septic tank / grease trap).</td></tr><tr><td>Sodium Di-Chloro isoCyanurate</td><td>Chlorine-generating product under granular or tablet form, containing 55 to 60% active chlorine, often called NaDCC. By far, the most stable chlorine-generating product.</td></tr><tr><td>Sodium hypochlorite</td><td>Chlorine-generating product (NaOCl) under liquid form, containing 4 to 15% chlorine, often called bleach. Much less stable than calcium hypochlorite and NaDCC.</td></tr><tr><td>Sodium thiosulphate</td><td>Crystalline chemical substance used for de-chlorinating drinking water (used during sampling of chlorinated water for micro-biological analysis).</td></tr><tr><td>Soil</td><td>A complex mixture of inorganic materials (clay, silt, gravel and sand), decaying organic matter, water, air and living organisms, which covers the Earth&#x27;s surface.</td></tr><tr><td>Solid waste</td><td>All non-liquid waste.</td></tr><tr><td>Spring</td><td>Groundwater seeping naturally out of the earth. A spring can be a seasonal or a permanent water source.</td></tr><tr><td>Stakeholders</td><td>Any organization, governmental entity, or individual that has an interest in or may be affected by a given approach to environmental regulation, pollution prevention, energy conservation, etc.</td></tr><tr><td>Standing water / Stagnant water</td><td>Water from rain or human activities, which remain static on the ground surface.</td></tr><tr><td>Sterile</td><td>Any object or media that does not contain germs or any other form of life.</td></tr><tr><td>Sterilisation</td><td>Elimination of all micro-organisms ( viruses, bacteria and microscopic fungi) from water, objects or from a surface.</td></tr><tr><td>Stock solution / &quot;Mother solution&quot;</td><td>Concentrated solution of 1%, used for treating (chlorination, coagulation - flocculation) a known volume of water.</td></tr><tr><td>Storm water</td><td>Rainwater running on the ground surface (collected and disposed of separately from wastewater). See runoff water.</td></tr><tr><td>Strainer</td><td>Sieve to keep back large impurities that are present in the water. It should be installed, often in combination with a non-return valve, at the bottom end of a suction pipe. It is also integrated directly on submersible and dewatering pumps.</td></tr><tr><td>Submersible pump</td><td>Pump that is completely, as well the pumping part as the electrical motor, under the water surface. Normally designed to pump clean water.</td></tr><tr><td>Subsoil</td><td>A complete mixture of inorganic materials (clay, silt, gravel, sand) under the ground level and above the bedrock.</td></tr></table>", "filetype": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document", "parent_id": "6b5091d871b0ae6dec87b40ec0ffccd5", "category": "Table", "element_id": "ce4819ca7e346eb8dc9d74403da7b961", "chroma:document": "that has an interest in or may be affected by a given approach to environmental regulation, pollution prevention, energy conservation, etc. Standing water / Stagnant water Water from rain or human activities, which remain static on the ground surface. Sterile Any object or media that does not contain germs or any other form of life. Sterilisation Elimination of all micro-organisms ( viruses, bacteria and microscopic fungi) from water, objects or from a surface. Stock solution / \"Mother solution\" Concentrated solution of 1%, used for treating (chlorination, coagulation - flocculation) a known volume of water. Storm water Rainwater running on the ground surface (collected and disposed of separately from wastewater). See runoff water. Strainer Sieve to keep back large impurities that are present in the water. It should be installed, often in combination with a non-return valve, at the bottom end of a suction pipe. It is also integrated directly on submersible and dewatering pumps."}


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{"source": "document/Public_health_engineering_2010.docx", "file_directory": "document", "filename": "Public_health_engineering_2010.docx", "last_modified": "2025-03-26T10:19:09", "text_as_html": "<table><tr><td>Sanitary inspection</td><td>Field observation, using criteria to evaluate the environmental hygiene status of a settlement (e.g. refugee camp). It should include the inspection of water points (e.g. well, river) and sanitary facilities (e.g. latrines, wastewater disposal), if existing.</td></tr><tr><td>Sanitary landfill</td><td>Disposal sites for non-hazardous solid wastes spread in layers, compacted to the smallest practical volume, and covered by soil applied at the end of each operating day. In some cases, a specific part of the site can be foreseen to dispose of hazardous waste, or more in general medical waste.</td></tr><tr><td>Scalpel</td><td>Medical instrument consists of a handle and a sharp disposable blade used in surgical dissection.</td></tr><tr><td>Scavengers</td><td>Human or animal which depends on refuse (from waste dumps) for survival.</td></tr><tr><td>Schmutzdecke</td><td>Biological layer (bio film) at the surface of a slow sand filter, playing a purifying role. See slow sand filter.</td></tr><tr><td>Sedimentation / Settling</td><td>The process of deposition of impurities in water (e.g. suspended solids) to the bottom part of a reservoir, due to gravity.</td></tr><tr><td>Segregation</td><td>Separation of waste materials (medical waste) into different categories: sharps, soft (burnable), organic and hazardous waste. It is desired to take place at the source where the waste is generated.</td></tr><tr><td>Septic tank</td><td>Reservoir for collection and partial treatment of wastewater (mainly sewage, and potentially sullage) before further treatment and/or disposal (e.g. into sub-surface drainage, closed sewer).</td></tr><tr><td>Sewage</td><td>Wastewater containing excreta. Sometimes also called black water.</td></tr><tr><td>Sharps</td><td>Medical equipment such as needles, scalpel and raiser blades, lancets, and also empty ampoules, vials and broken glass that can cause injuries. Considered after use as a separate category of medical waste.</td></tr><tr><td>Sharps container</td><td>Recipient used in health facilities for segregating, temporary storage, transportation and eventual disposal of sharp wastes.</td></tr><tr><td>Slow sand filter</td><td>Water treatment system at low velocity by combination of mechanical filtration (sand bed) and biological purification (Schmutzedcke).</td></tr><tr><td>Slurry</td><td>A watery mixture of insoluble matter resulting from some pollution control techniques and installations.</td></tr><tr><td>Soak away pit</td><td>Hole filled with (big) stones, used for infiltration of pre-treated wastewater (from septic tank / grease trap).</td></tr><tr><td>Sodium Di-Chloro isoCyanurate</td><td>Chlorine-generating product under granular or tablet form, containing 55 to 60% active chlorine, often called NaDCC. By far, the most stable chlorine-generating product.</td></tr><tr><td>Sodium hypochlorite</td><td>Chlorine-generating product (NaOCl) under liquid form, containing 4 to 15% chlorine, often called bleach. Much less stable than calcium hypochlorite and NaDCC.</td></tr><tr><td>Sodium thiosulphate</td><td>Crystalline chemical substance used for de-chlorinating drinking water (used during sampling of chlorinated water for micro-biological analysis).</td></tr><tr><td>Soil</td><td>A complex mixture of inorganic materials (clay, silt, gravel and sand), decaying organic matter, water, air and living organisms, which covers the Earth&#x27;s surface.</td></tr><tr><td>Solid waste</td><td>All non-liquid waste.</td></tr><tr><td>Spring</td><td>Groundwater seeping naturally out of the earth. A spring can be a seasonal or a permanent water source.</td></tr><tr><td>Stakeholders</td><td>Any organization, governmental entity, or individual that has an interest in or may be affected by a given approach to environmental regulation, pollution prevention, energy conservation, etc.</td></tr><tr><td>Standing water / Stagnant water</td><td>Water from rain or human activities, which remain static on the ground surface.</td></tr><tr><td>Sterile</td><td>Any object or media that does not contain germs or any other form of life.</td></tr><tr><td>Sterilisation</td><td>Elimination of all micro-organisms ( viruses, bacteria and microscopic fungi) from water, objects or from a surface.</td></tr><tr><td>Stock solution / &quot;Mother solution&quot;</td><td>Concentrated solution of 1%, used for treating (chlorination, coagulation - flocculation) a known volume of water.</td></tr><tr><td>Storm water</td><td>Rainwater running on the ground surface (collected and disposed of separately from wastewater). See runoff water.</td></tr><tr><td>Strainer</td><td>Sieve to keep back large impurities that are present in the water. It should be installed, often in combination with a non-return valve, at the bottom end of a suction pipe. It is also integrated directly on submersible and dewatering pumps.</td></tr><tr><td>Submersible pump</td><td>Pump that is completely, as well the pumping part as the electrical motor, under the water surface. Normally designed to pump clean water.</td></tr><tr><td>Subsoil</td><td>A complete mixture of inorganic materials (clay, silt, gravel, sand) under the ground level and above the bedrock.</td></tr></table>", "filetype": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document", "parent_id": "6b5091d871b0ae6dec87b40ec0ffccd5", "category": "Table", "element_id": "ce4819ca7e346eb8dc9d74403da7b961", "chroma:document": "present in the water. It should be installed, often in combination with a non-return valve, at the bottom end of a suction pipe. It is also integrated directly on submersible and dewatering pumps. Submersible pump Pump that is completely, as well the pumping part as the electrical motor, under the water surface. Normally designed to pump clean water. Subsoil A complete mixture of inorganic materials (clay, silt, gravel, sand) under the ground level and above the bedrock."}


created_at: 2025-03-26 07:38:06
topic: persistent://default/default/14121fdc-614c-4a47-9053-2a3ff7f57827
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{"source": "document/Public_health_engineering_2010.docx", "file_directory": "document", "filename": "Public_health_engineering_2010.docx", "last_modified": "2025-03-26T10:19:09", "text_as_html": "<table><tr><td>Subsurface drainage</td><td>Treatment and elimination of wastewater by infiltration into the subsoil.</td></tr><tr><td>Subsurface water</td><td>All the water which is underground, wh+B102ether in the saturated or unsaturated zone.</td></tr><tr><td>Sullage</td><td>Domestic wastewater not containing excreta, also called grey water.</td></tr><tr><td>Sulphur dioxide (SO2)</td><td>A pungent colourless gas formed primarily by the combustion of fossil fuels; becomes a pollutant when present in large amounts.</td></tr><tr><td>Surface pump</td><td>Hand pump or motor pump with the pumping part above the water level and a suction pipe under the water level (suction head limited to 7 m).</td></tr><tr><td>Surface water</td><td>Water from streams, rivers, lakes, ponds, swamps.</td></tr><tr><td>Suspended solids</td><td>Small organic and mineral particles that are suspended (hanging around) within a fluid (water).</td></tr><tr><td/><td/></tr><tr><td>Thermo-Tolerant Coliforms (TTC)</td><td>A bacteria group used as indicator in micro-biological analysis for faecal pollution (of warm blooded animals, humans included). A very large percentage (more than 80%) of the TTC are Escherichia coliforms.</td></tr><tr><td>Trench latrines</td><td>Long shallow excavations used for defecation during the early stages of certain emergency settlements (e.g. camps).</td></tr><tr><td>Turbid water</td><td>Water containing fine particles in suspension which give it a cloudy appearance; turbidity is often expressed in (N)TU.</td></tr><tr><td>Twin pit latrine</td><td>Latrine with two defecation holes and two completely separated pits used alternately.</td></tr><tr><td/><td/></tr><tr><td>Vector</td><td>An organism, often an arthropod or rodent, that carries disease.</td></tr><tr><td>Vector-borne (disease)</td><td>Disease which is transmitted by vectors.</td></tr><tr><td>Vector control</td><td>Measures used to contain the population of pests below certain levels by environmental, chemical and biological methods or techniques.</td></tr><tr><td>Ventilated Improved Pit latrine (VIP)</td><td>Pit latrine equipped with a ventilation pipe to reduce odours, and with a screen at the top of the pipe to act as a fly trap.</td></tr><tr><td>Virus</td><td>A sub-microscopic agent that can only multiply inside living cells. Usually very harmful to health.</td></tr><tr><td>Volume reducer</td><td>A single combustion chamber furnace for burning (medical) waste under controlled conditions, often utilised in small and/or emergency health facilities as a waste treatment tool.</td></tr><tr><td/><td/></tr><tr><td>Washing area</td><td>Place or structure designed for washing clothes or for personal hygiene (e.g. washing slab, wash tub)</td></tr><tr><td>Waste</td><td>All items that are considered as not useful anymore, and can therefore be discarded.</td></tr><tr><td>Waste area</td><td>Solid waste collection place, where refuse is contained and either potentially treated and finally disposed of, or transferred to a treatment and/or disposal place.</td></tr><tr><td>Waste management</td><td>All the activities, administrative and operational, involved in the potential segregation and conditioning, temporary storage, handling (including transportation), treatment and final disposal of waste.</td></tr><tr><td>Waste storage</td><td>The placement of waste in a suitable location where isolation, environmental and health protection are provided.</td></tr><tr><td>Wastewater</td><td>Sewage and sullage. The used water that contains dissolved or suspended matter, and often also pathogens.</td></tr><tr><td>Waste zone</td><td>Area where the segregated medical waste is collected, potentially treated and finally disposed of.</td></tr><tr><td>Watercourse</td><td>Stream, river or canal with the direction of water flowing from upstream to downstream.</td></tr><tr><td>Water table</td><td>Top level of ground water.</td></tr><tr><td>Weir</td><td>1. A wall or plate placed in an open channel to measure the flow of water. 2. A wall or obstruction used to control flow from settling tanks and clarifiers to ensure a uniform flow rate and avoid short-circuiting.</td></tr><tr><td>Well</td><td>A drilled, driven or manually dug hole in the ground which enters an underground body of water (aquifer) to allow its abstraction.</td></tr><tr><td/><td/></tr><tr><td>Yield</td><td>The rate at which a fluid is flowing, either naturally or man-made (e.g. pumps). Expressed as volume per time unit (e.g. litres per second, m\u00b3 per hour).</td></tr></table>", "filetype": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document", "parent_id": "6b5091d871b0ae6dec87b40ec0ffccd5", "category": "Table", "element_id": "c6836accee29dd36822434f61c10499e", "chroma:document": "Subsurface drainage Treatment and elimination of wastewater by infiltration into the subsoil. Subsurface water All the water which is underground, wh+B102ether in the saturated or unsaturated zone. Sullage Domestic wastewater not containing excreta, also called grey water. Sulphur dioxide (SO2) A pungent colourless gas formed primarily by the combustion of fossil fuels; becomes a pollutant when present in large amounts. Surface pump Hand pump or motor pump with the pumping part above the water level and a suction pipe under the water level (suction head limited to 7 m). Surface water Water from streams, rivers, lakes, ponds, swamps. Suspended solids Small organic and mineral particles that are suspended (hanging around) within a fluid (water). Thermo-Tolerant Coliforms (TTC) A bacteria group used as indicator in micro-biological analysis for faecal pollution (of warm blooded animals, humans included). A very large percentage (more than 80%) of the TTC are Escherichia coliforms. Trench"}


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{"source": "document/Public_health_engineering_2010.docx", "file_directory": "document", "filename": "Public_health_engineering_2010.docx", "last_modified": "2025-03-26T10:19:09", "text_as_html": "<table><tr><td>Subsurface drainage</td><td>Treatment and elimination of wastewater by infiltration into the subsoil.</td></tr><tr><td>Subsurface water</td><td>All the water which is underground, wh+B102ether in the saturated or unsaturated zone.</td></tr><tr><td>Sullage</td><td>Domestic wastewater not containing excreta, also called grey water.</td></tr><tr><td>Sulphur dioxide (SO2)</td><td>A pungent colourless gas formed primarily by the combustion of fossil fuels; becomes a pollutant when present in large amounts.</td></tr><tr><td>Surface pump</td><td>Hand pump or motor pump with the pumping part above the water level and a suction pipe under the water level (suction head limited to 7 m).</td></tr><tr><td>Surface water</td><td>Water from streams, rivers, lakes, ponds, swamps.</td></tr><tr><td>Suspended solids</td><td>Small organic and mineral particles that are suspended (hanging around) within a fluid (water).</td></tr><tr><td/><td/></tr><tr><td>Thermo-Tolerant Coliforms (TTC)</td><td>A bacteria group used as indicator in micro-biological analysis for faecal pollution (of warm blooded animals, humans included). A very large percentage (more than 80%) of the TTC are Escherichia coliforms.</td></tr><tr><td>Trench latrines</td><td>Long shallow excavations used for defecation during the early stages of certain emergency settlements (e.g. camps).</td></tr><tr><td>Turbid water</td><td>Water containing fine particles in suspension which give it a cloudy appearance; turbidity is often expressed in (N)TU.</td></tr><tr><td>Twin pit latrine</td><td>Latrine with two defecation holes and two completely separated pits used alternately.</td></tr><tr><td/><td/></tr><tr><td>Vector</td><td>An organism, often an arthropod or rodent, that carries disease.</td></tr><tr><td>Vector-borne (disease)</td><td>Disease which is transmitted by vectors.</td></tr><tr><td>Vector control</td><td>Measures used to contain the population of pests below certain levels by environmental, chemical and biological methods or techniques.</td></tr><tr><td>Ventilated Improved Pit latrine (VIP)</td><td>Pit latrine equipped with a ventilation pipe to reduce odours, and with a screen at the top of the pipe to act as a fly trap.</td></tr><tr><td>Virus</td><td>A sub-microscopic agent that can only multiply inside living cells. Usually very harmful to health.</td></tr><tr><td>Volume reducer</td><td>A single combustion chamber furnace for burning (medical) waste under controlled conditions, often utilised in small and/or emergency health facilities as a waste treatment tool.</td></tr><tr><td/><td/></tr><tr><td>Washing area</td><td>Place or structure designed for washing clothes or for personal hygiene (e.g. washing slab, wash tub)</td></tr><tr><td>Waste</td><td>All items that are considered as not useful anymore, and can therefore be discarded.</td></tr><tr><td>Waste area</td><td>Solid waste collection place, where refuse is contained and either potentially treated and finally disposed of, or transferred to a treatment and/or disposal place.</td></tr><tr><td>Waste management</td><td>All the activities, administrative and operational, involved in the potential segregation and conditioning, temporary storage, handling (including transportation), treatment and final disposal of waste.</td></tr><tr><td>Waste storage</td><td>The placement of waste in a suitable location where isolation, environmental and health protection are provided.</td></tr><tr><td>Wastewater</td><td>Sewage and sullage. The used water that contains dissolved or suspended matter, and often also pathogens.</td></tr><tr><td>Waste zone</td><td>Area where the segregated medical waste is collected, potentially treated and finally disposed of.</td></tr><tr><td>Watercourse</td><td>Stream, river or canal with the direction of water flowing from upstream to downstream.</td></tr><tr><td>Water table</td><td>Top level of ground water.</td></tr><tr><td>Weir</td><td>1. A wall or plate placed in an open channel to measure the flow of water. 2. A wall or obstruction used to control flow from settling tanks and clarifiers to ensure a uniform flow rate and avoid short-circuiting.</td></tr><tr><td>Well</td><td>A drilled, driven or manually dug hole in the ground which enters an underground body of water (aquifer) to allow its abstraction.</td></tr><tr><td/><td/></tr><tr><td>Yield</td><td>The rate at which a fluid is flowing, either naturally or man-made (e.g. pumps). Expressed as volume per time unit (e.g. litres per second, m\u00b3 per hour).</td></tr></table>", "filetype": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document", "parent_id": "6b5091d871b0ae6dec87b40ec0ffccd5", "category": "Table", "element_id": "c6836accee29dd36822434f61c10499e", "chroma:document": "used as indicator in micro-biological analysis for faecal pollution (of warm blooded animals, humans included). A very large percentage (more than 80%) of the TTC are Escherichia coliforms. Trench latrines Long shallow excavations used for defecation during the early stages of certain emergency settlements (e.g. camps). Turbid water Water containing fine particles in suspension which give it a cloudy appearance; turbidity is often expressed in (N)TU. Twin pit latrine Latrine with two defecation holes and two completely separated pits used alternately. Vector An organism, often an arthropod or rodent, that carries disease. Vector-borne (disease) Disease which is transmitted by vectors. Vector control Measures used to contain the population of pests below certain levels by environmental, chemical and biological methods or techniques. Ventilated Improved Pit latrine (VIP) Pit latrine equipped with a ventilation pipe to reduce odours, and with a screen at the top of the pipe to act as a"}


created_at: 2025-03-26 07:38:06
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{"source": "document/Public_health_engineering_2010.docx", "file_directory": "document", "filename": "Public_health_engineering_2010.docx", "last_modified": "2025-03-26T10:19:09", "text_as_html": "<table><tr><td>Subsurface drainage</td><td>Treatment and elimination of wastewater by infiltration into the subsoil.</td></tr><tr><td>Subsurface water</td><td>All the water which is underground, wh+B102ether in the saturated or unsaturated zone.</td></tr><tr><td>Sullage</td><td>Domestic wastewater not containing excreta, also called grey water.</td></tr><tr><td>Sulphur dioxide (SO2)</td><td>A pungent colourless gas formed primarily by the combustion of fossil fuels; becomes a pollutant when present in large amounts.</td></tr><tr><td>Surface pump</td><td>Hand pump or motor pump with the pumping part above the water level and a suction pipe under the water level (suction head limited to 7 m).</td></tr><tr><td>Surface water</td><td>Water from streams, rivers, lakes, ponds, swamps.</td></tr><tr><td>Suspended solids</td><td>Small organic and mineral particles that are suspended (hanging around) within a fluid (water).</td></tr><tr><td/><td/></tr><tr><td>Thermo-Tolerant Coliforms (TTC)</td><td>A bacteria group used as indicator in micro-biological analysis for faecal pollution (of warm blooded animals, humans included). A very large percentage (more than 80%) of the TTC are Escherichia coliforms.</td></tr><tr><td>Trench latrines</td><td>Long shallow excavations used for defecation during the early stages of certain emergency settlements (e.g. camps).</td></tr><tr><td>Turbid water</td><td>Water containing fine particles in suspension which give it a cloudy appearance; turbidity is often expressed in (N)TU.</td></tr><tr><td>Twin pit latrine</td><td>Latrine with two defecation holes and two completely separated pits used alternately.</td></tr><tr><td/><td/></tr><tr><td>Vector</td><td>An organism, often an arthropod or rodent, that carries disease.</td></tr><tr><td>Vector-borne (disease)</td><td>Disease which is transmitted by vectors.</td></tr><tr><td>Vector control</td><td>Measures used to contain the population of pests below certain levels by environmental, chemical and biological methods or techniques.</td></tr><tr><td>Ventilated Improved Pit latrine (VIP)</td><td>Pit latrine equipped with a ventilation pipe to reduce odours, and with a screen at the top of the pipe to act as a fly trap.</td></tr><tr><td>Virus</td><td>A sub-microscopic agent that can only multiply inside living cells. Usually very harmful to health.</td></tr><tr><td>Volume reducer</td><td>A single combustion chamber furnace for burning (medical) waste under controlled conditions, often utilised in small and/or emergency health facilities as a waste treatment tool.</td></tr><tr><td/><td/></tr><tr><td>Washing area</td><td>Place or structure designed for washing clothes or for personal hygiene (e.g. washing slab, wash tub)</td></tr><tr><td>Waste</td><td>All items that are considered as not useful anymore, and can therefore be discarded.</td></tr><tr><td>Waste area</td><td>Solid waste collection place, where refuse is contained and either potentially treated and finally disposed of, or transferred to a treatment and/or disposal place.</td></tr><tr><td>Waste management</td><td>All the activities, administrative and operational, involved in the potential segregation and conditioning, temporary storage, handling (including transportation), treatment and final disposal of waste.</td></tr><tr><td>Waste storage</td><td>The placement of waste in a suitable location where isolation, environmental and health protection are provided.</td></tr><tr><td>Wastewater</td><td>Sewage and sullage. The used water that contains dissolved or suspended matter, and often also pathogens.</td></tr><tr><td>Waste zone</td><td>Area where the segregated medical waste is collected, potentially treated and finally disposed of.</td></tr><tr><td>Watercourse</td><td>Stream, river or canal with the direction of water flowing from upstream to downstream.</td></tr><tr><td>Water table</td><td>Top level of ground water.</td></tr><tr><td>Weir</td><td>1. A wall or plate placed in an open channel to measure the flow of water. 2. A wall or obstruction used to control flow from settling tanks and clarifiers to ensure a uniform flow rate and avoid short-circuiting.</td></tr><tr><td>Well</td><td>A drilled, driven or manually dug hole in the ground which enters an underground body of water (aquifer) to allow its abstraction.</td></tr><tr><td/><td/></tr><tr><td>Yield</td><td>The rate at which a fluid is flowing, either naturally or man-made (e.g. pumps). Expressed as volume per time unit (e.g. litres per second, m\u00b3 per hour).</td></tr></table>", "filetype": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document", "parent_id": "6b5091d871b0ae6dec87b40ec0ffccd5", "category": "Table", "element_id": "c6836accee29dd36822434f61c10499e", "chroma:document": "and biological methods or techniques. Ventilated Improved Pit latrine (VIP) Pit latrine equipped with a ventilation pipe to reduce odours, and with a screen at the top of the pipe to act as a fly trap. Virus A sub-microscopic agent that can only multiply inside living cells. Usually very harmful to health. Volume reducer A single combustion chamber furnace for burning (medical) waste under controlled conditions, often utilised in small and/or emergency health facilities as a waste treatment tool. Washing area Place or structure designed for washing clothes or for personal hygiene (e.g. washing slab, wash tub) Waste All items that are considered as not useful anymore, and can therefore be discarded. Waste area Solid waste collection place, where refuse is contained and either potentially treated and finally disposed of, or transferred to a treatment and/or disposal place. Waste management All the activities, administrative and operational, involved in the potential segregation and"}


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{"source": "document/Public_health_engineering_2010.docx", "file_directory": "document", "filename": "Public_health_engineering_2010.docx", "last_modified": "2025-03-26T10:19:09", "text_as_html": "<table><tr><td>Subsurface drainage</td><td>Treatment and elimination of wastewater by infiltration into the subsoil.</td></tr><tr><td>Subsurface water</td><td>All the water which is underground, wh+B102ether in the saturated or unsaturated zone.</td></tr><tr><td>Sullage</td><td>Domestic wastewater not containing excreta, also called grey water.</td></tr><tr><td>Sulphur dioxide (SO2)</td><td>A pungent colourless gas formed primarily by the combustion of fossil fuels; becomes a pollutant when present in large amounts.</td></tr><tr><td>Surface pump</td><td>Hand pump or motor pump with the pumping part above the water level and a suction pipe under the water level (suction head limited to 7 m).</td></tr><tr><td>Surface water</td><td>Water from streams, rivers, lakes, ponds, swamps.</td></tr><tr><td>Suspended solids</td><td>Small organic and mineral particles that are suspended (hanging around) within a fluid (water).</td></tr><tr><td/><td/></tr><tr><td>Thermo-Tolerant Coliforms (TTC)</td><td>A bacteria group used as indicator in micro-biological analysis for faecal pollution (of warm blooded animals, humans included). A very large percentage (more than 80%) of the TTC are Escherichia coliforms.</td></tr><tr><td>Trench latrines</td><td>Long shallow excavations used for defecation during the early stages of certain emergency settlements (e.g. camps).</td></tr><tr><td>Turbid water</td><td>Water containing fine particles in suspension which give it a cloudy appearance; turbidity is often expressed in (N)TU.</td></tr><tr><td>Twin pit latrine</td><td>Latrine with two defecation holes and two completely separated pits used alternately.</td></tr><tr><td/><td/></tr><tr><td>Vector</td><td>An organism, often an arthropod or rodent, that carries disease.</td></tr><tr><td>Vector-borne (disease)</td><td>Disease which is transmitted by vectors.</td></tr><tr><td>Vector control</td><td>Measures used to contain the population of pests below certain levels by environmental, chemical and biological methods or techniques.</td></tr><tr><td>Ventilated Improved Pit latrine (VIP)</td><td>Pit latrine equipped with a ventilation pipe to reduce odours, and with a screen at the top of the pipe to act as a fly trap.</td></tr><tr><td>Virus</td><td>A sub-microscopic agent that can only multiply inside living cells. Usually very harmful to health.</td></tr><tr><td>Volume reducer</td><td>A single combustion chamber furnace for burning (medical) waste under controlled conditions, often utilised in small and/or emergency health facilities as a waste treatment tool.</td></tr><tr><td/><td/></tr><tr><td>Washing area</td><td>Place or structure designed for washing clothes or for personal hygiene (e.g. washing slab, wash tub)</td></tr><tr><td>Waste</td><td>All items that are considered as not useful anymore, and can therefore be discarded.</td></tr><tr><td>Waste area</td><td>Solid waste collection place, where refuse is contained and either potentially treated and finally disposed of, or transferred to a treatment and/or disposal place.</td></tr><tr><td>Waste management</td><td>All the activities, administrative and operational, involved in the potential segregation and conditioning, temporary storage, handling (including transportation), treatment and final disposal of waste.</td></tr><tr><td>Waste storage</td><td>The placement of waste in a suitable location where isolation, environmental and health protection are provided.</td></tr><tr><td>Wastewater</td><td>Sewage and sullage. The used water that contains dissolved or suspended matter, and often also pathogens.</td></tr><tr><td>Waste zone</td><td>Area where the segregated medical waste is collected, potentially treated and finally disposed of.</td></tr><tr><td>Watercourse</td><td>Stream, river or canal with the direction of water flowing from upstream to downstream.</td></tr><tr><td>Water table</td><td>Top level of ground water.</td></tr><tr><td>Weir</td><td>1. A wall or plate placed in an open channel to measure the flow of water. 2. A wall or obstruction used to control flow from settling tanks and clarifiers to ensure a uniform flow rate and avoid short-circuiting.</td></tr><tr><td>Well</td><td>A drilled, driven or manually dug hole in the ground which enters an underground body of water (aquifer) to allow its abstraction.</td></tr><tr><td/><td/></tr><tr><td>Yield</td><td>The rate at which a fluid is flowing, either naturally or man-made (e.g. pumps). Expressed as volume per time unit (e.g. litres per second, m\u00b3 per hour).</td></tr></table>", "filetype": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document", "parent_id": "6b5091d871b0ae6dec87b40ec0ffccd5", "category": "Table", "element_id": "c6836accee29dd36822434f61c10499e", "chroma:document": "treated and finally disposed of, or transferred to a treatment and/or disposal place. Waste management All the activities, administrative and operational, involved in the potential segregation and conditioning, temporary storage, handling (including transportation), treatment and final disposal of waste. Waste storage The placement of waste in a suitable location where isolation, environmental and health protection are provided. Wastewater Sewage and sullage. The used water that contains dissolved or suspended matter, and often also pathogens. Waste zone Area where the segregated medical waste is collected, potentially treated and finally disposed of. Watercourse Stream, river or canal with the direction of water flowing from upstream to downstream. Water table Top level of ground water. Weir 1. A wall or plate placed in an open channel to measure the flow of water.\t2. A wall or obstruction used to control flow from settling tanks and clarifiers to ensure a uniform flow rate and avoid"}


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A very large percentage (more than 80%) of the TTC are Escherichia coliforms.</td></tr><tr><td>Trench latrines</td><td>Long shallow excavations used for defecation during the early stages of certain emergency settlements (e.g. camps).</td></tr><tr><td>Turbid water</td><td>Water containing fine particles in suspension which give it a cloudy appearance; turbidity is often expressed in (N)TU.</td></tr><tr><td>Twin pit latrine</td><td>Latrine with two defecation holes and two completely separated pits used alternately.</td></tr><tr><td/><td/></tr><tr><td>Vector</td><td>An organism, often an arthropod or rodent, that carries disease.</td></tr><tr><td>Vector-borne (disease)</td><td>Disease which is transmitted by vectors.</td></tr><tr><td>Vector control</td><td>Measures used to contain the population of pests below certain levels by environmental, chemical and biological methods or techniques.</td></tr><tr><td>Ventilated Improved Pit latrine (VIP)</td><td>Pit latrine equipped with a ventilation pipe to reduce odours, and with a screen at the top of the pipe to act as a fly trap.</td></tr><tr><td>Virus</td><td>A sub-microscopic agent that can only multiply inside living cells. Usually very harmful to health.</td></tr><tr><td>Volume reducer</td><td>A single combustion chamber furnace for burning (medical) waste under controlled conditions, often utilised in small and/or emergency health facilities as a waste treatment tool.</td></tr><tr><td/><td/></tr><tr><td>Washing area</td><td>Place or structure designed for washing clothes or for personal hygiene (e.g. washing slab, wash tub)</td></tr><tr><td>Waste</td><td>All items that are considered as not useful anymore, and can therefore be discarded.</td></tr><tr><td>Waste area</td><td>Solid waste collection place, where refuse is contained and either potentially treated and finally disposed of, or transferred to a treatment and/or disposal place.</td></tr><tr><td>Waste management</td><td>All the activities, administrative and operational, involved in the potential segregation and conditioning, temporary storage, handling (including transportation), treatment and final disposal of waste.</td></tr><tr><td>Waste storage</td><td>The placement of waste in a suitable location where isolation, environmental and health protection are provided.</td></tr><tr><td>Wastewater</td><td>Sewage and sullage. The used water that contains dissolved or suspended matter, and often also pathogens.</td></tr><tr><td>Waste zone</td><td>Area where the segregated medical waste is collected, potentially treated and finally disposed of.</td></tr><tr><td>Watercourse</td><td>Stream, river or canal with the direction of water flowing from upstream to downstream.</td></tr><tr><td>Water table</td><td>Top level of ground water.</td></tr><tr><td>Weir</td><td>1. A wall or plate placed in an open channel to measure the flow of water. 2. A wall or obstruction used to control flow from settling tanks and clarifiers to ensure a uniform flow rate and avoid short-circuiting.</td></tr><tr><td>Well</td><td>A drilled, driven or manually dug hole in the ground which enters an underground body of water (aquifer) to allow its abstraction.</td></tr><tr><td/><td/></tr><tr><td>Yield</td><td>The rate at which a fluid is flowing, either naturally or man-made (e.g. pumps). Expressed as volume per time unit (e.g. litres per second, m\u00b3 per hour).</td></tr></table>", "filetype": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document", "parent_id": "6b5091d871b0ae6dec87b40ec0ffccd5", "category": "Table", "element_id": "c6836accee29dd36822434f61c10499e", "chroma:document": "1. A wall or plate placed in an open channel to measure the flow of water.\t2. A wall or obstruction used to control flow from settling tanks and clarifiers to ensure a uniform flow rate and avoid short-circuiting. Well A drilled, driven or manually dug hole in the ground which enters an underground body of water (aquifer) to allow its abstraction. Yield The rate at which a fluid is flowing, either naturally or man-made (e.g. pumps). Expressed as volume per time unit (e.g. litres per second, m\u00b3 per hour)."}


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created_at: 2025-03-26 07:38:06
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created_at: 2025-03-26 07:38:06
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created_at: 2025-03-26 07:38:06
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created_at: 2025-03-26 07:38:06
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created_at: 2025-03-26 07:38:06
topic: persistent://default/default/14121fdc-614c-4a47-9053-2a3ff7f57827
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created_at: 2025-03-26 07:38:06
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created_at: 2025-03-26 07:38:06
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created_at: 2025-03-26 07:38:06
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created_at: 2025-03-26 07:38:06
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created_at: 2025-03-26 07:38:06
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created_at: 2025-03-26 07:38:06
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created_at: 2025-03-26 07:38:06
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{"source": "document/HimachalPradesh.docx", "category_depth": 0, "file_directory": "document", "filename": "HimachalPradesh.docx", "last_modified": "2025-03-25T20:34:42", "page_number": 1, "filetype": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document", "category": "UncategorizedText", "element_id": "56c9a5ab91190f4eac016e1883d4ed33", "chroma:document": "Healthcare and Wellbeing Schemes in Himachal Pradesh: A Detailed Analysis"}


created_at: 2025-03-26 07:38:06
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created_at: 2025-03-26 07:38:06
topic: persistent://default/default/14121fdc-614c-4a47-9053-2a3ff7f57827
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{"source": "document/HimachalPradesh.docx", "category_depth": 0, "file_directory": "document", "filename": "HimachalPradesh.docx", "last_modified": "2025-03-25T20:34:42", "page_number": 1, "filetype": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document", "category": "NarrativeText", "element_id": "5f5baa1715f67c736555adf568f8e533", "chroma:document": "Himachal Pradesh, a state characterized by its mountainous terrain and dispersed population, places significant emphasis on ensuring the health and wellbeing of its citizens. Recognizing the unique challenges posed by its geography and the diverse socio-economic conditions of its residents, the state government, in conjunction with national initiatives, implements a range of healthcare and social security schemes. This report aims to provide a detailed analysis of the existing healthcare and wellbeing schemes in Himachal Pradesh, categorizing them based on the primary beneficiaries: the general population, pregnant women, children and infants, and disabled individuals. By examining the eligibility criteria and benefits of each scheme, this analysis seeks to offer a comprehensive understanding of the social welfare framework in the health sector of Himachal Pradesh. The subsequent sections of this report will delve into the specifics of each beneficiary category, followed by a"}


created_at: 2025-03-26 07:38:06
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created_at: 2025-03-26 07:38:06
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created_at: 2025-03-26 07:38:06
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created_at: 2025-03-26 07:38:06
topic: persistent://default/default/14121fdc-614c-4a47-9053-2a3ff7f57827
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{"source": "document/HimachalPradesh.docx", "category_depth": 0, "file_directory": "document", "filename": "HimachalPradesh.docx", "last_modified": "2025-03-25T20:34:42", "page_number": 1, "filetype": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document", "category": "NarrativeText", "element_id": "178099f9056e7db9c065a983ae2af47d", "chroma:document": "The healthcare landscape for the general population in Himachal Pradesh is significantly shaped by the Ayushman Bharat - Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (AB-PMJAY) and its state-specific counterpart, HIMCARE. AB-PMJAY, a flagship national health insurance scheme, aims to provide financial protection for healthcare to a large section of the population, particularly those from economically weaker backgrounds [1, 2]. Eligibility for AB-PMJAY is primarily determined based on the Socio-Economic Caste Census (SECC) 2011 data, encompassing households meeting specific deprivation criteria in rural areas, such as those living in dwellings with only one room with kucha walls and roof, households with no adult member between the ages of 16 and 59, female-headed households with no adult male member in the same age group, households with a disabled member and no able-bodied adult, SC/ST households, and landless households deriving a major part of their income from manual casual labor [3, 4]."}


created_at: 2025-03-26 07:38:06
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{"source": "document/HimachalPradesh.docx", "category_depth": 0, "file_directory": "document", "filename": "HimachalPradesh.docx", "last_modified": "2025-03-25T20:34:42", "page_number": 1, "filetype": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document", "category": "NarrativeText", "element_id": "178099f9056e7db9c065a983ae2af47d", "chroma:document": "in the same age group, households with a disabled member and no able-bodied adult, SC/ST households, and landless households deriving a major part of their income from manual casual labor [3, 4]. Additionally, certain occupational categories in urban areas, including ragpickers, beggars, domestic workers, street vendors, construction laborers, and transport workers, are also eligible [2, 3]. The scheme offers a health cover of \u20b95 lakh per family per year for secondary and tertiary care hospitalization, providing cashless treatment at empanelled public and private hospitals across the country [1]. This substantial coverage aims to reduce out-of-pocket expenditure and prevent families from facing financial hardship due to medical emergencies [1, 5]."}


created_at: 2025-03-26 07:38:06
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{"source": "document/HimachalPradesh.docx", "category_depth": 0, "file_directory": "document", "filename": "HimachalPradesh.docx", "last_modified": "2025-03-25T20:34:42", "page_number": 1, "filetype": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document", "category": "NarrativeText", "element_id": "8631fce959d3f6c2c340b6532c30bebe", "chroma:document": "Recognizing that the eligibility criteria of AB-PMJAY might leave out some vulnerable residents, the Government of Himachal Pradesh implemented the Mukhya Mantri Himachal Health Care Scheme (HIMCARE) [6]. HIMCARE serves as a supplementary scheme, providing"}


created_at: 2025-03-26 07:38:06
topic: persistent://default/default/14121fdc-614c-4a47-9053-2a3ff7f57827
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{"source": "document/HimachalPradesh.docx", "category_depth": 0, "file_directory": "document", "filename": "HimachalPradesh.docx", "last_modified": "2025-03-25T20:34:42", "page_number": 2, "filetype": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document", "category": "NarrativeText", "element_id": "af6e1942fa0b488c24d40c2229f96f30", "chroma:document": "similar cashless treatment coverage of up to \u20b95 lakh per year per family in empanelled hospitals to those who are residents of Himachal Pradesh but not covered under AB-PMJAY [6]. HIMCARE operates on a co-payment basis, with differential premium rates based on various categories of residents [6]. Certain vulnerable groups, such as BPL families not covered under AB-PMJAY, registered street vendors, MNREGA workers who have worked a minimum number of days, and children living in orphanages, are eligible for free enrollment under HIMCARE [6]. Other categories, including single women, persons with more than 40% disability, mid-day meal workers, daily wage workers, part-time workers, contractual employees, and outsourced employees, pay a nominal annual premium of \u20b9365 [6]. The remaining residents of Himachal Pradesh are required to pay an annual premium of \u20b91000 to avail the benefits of the scheme [6]. This two-tiered system, combining a national scheme with a state-specific initiative,"}


created_at: 2025-03-26 07:38:06
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{"source": "document/HimachalPradesh.docx", "category_depth": 0, "file_directory": "document", "filename": "HimachalPradesh.docx", "last_modified": "2025-03-25T20:34:42", "page_number": 2, "filetype": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document", "category": "NarrativeText", "element_id": "af6e1942fa0b488c24d40c2229f96f30", "chroma:document": "of Himachal Pradesh are required to pay an annual premium of \u20b91000 to avail the benefits of the scheme [6]. This two-tiered system, combining a national scheme with a state-specific initiative, demonstrates a proactive approach by Himachal Pradesh towards achieving broader health coverage for its population [6, 7]."}


created_at: 2025-03-26 07:38:06
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created_at: 2025-03-26 07:38:06
topic: persistent://default/default/14121fdc-614c-4a47-9053-2a3ff7f57827
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{"source": "document/HimachalPradesh.docx", "category_depth": 0, "file_directory": "document", "filename": "HimachalPradesh.docx", "last_modified": "2025-03-25T20:34:42", "page_number": 2, "filetype": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document", "category": "NarrativeText", "element_id": "3bf8c53f11d28d00a751bc89ff841439", "chroma:document": "As elaborated above, the Mukhya Mantri Himachal Health Care Scheme (HIMCARE) is specifically designed for residents of Himachal Pradesh who do not qualify for AB-PMJAY [6]. The primary requirement for eligibility is being a resident of the state, coupled with a category-based premium payment for most beneficiaries [6]. The scheme provides cashless treatment up to \u20b95 lakh per year per family in hospitals empanelled under HIMCARE, which also includes hospitals empanelled under Ayushman Bharat within the state, as well as PGIMER Chandigarh and GMCH Sector 32 Chandigarh [6]. The premium structure is designed to be inclusive, with exemptions for the most vulnerable and subsidized rates for other specific categories, while the remaining population contributes a higher premium [6]. Beneficiaries can enroll in HIMCARE through an online system or by visiting Lok Mitra Kendras or Common Service Centers, highlighting efforts to enhance accessibility [6]. The alignment of the benefit amount with"}


created_at: 2025-03-26 07:38:06
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{"source": "document/HimachalPradesh.docx", "category_depth": 0, "file_directory": "document", "filename": "HimachalPradesh.docx", "last_modified": "2025-03-25T20:34:42", "page_number": 2, "filetype": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document", "category": "NarrativeText", "element_id": "3bf8c53f11d28d00a751bc89ff841439", "chroma:document": "can enroll in HIMCARE through an online system or by visiting Lok Mitra Kendras or Common Service Centers, highlighting efforts to enhance accessibility [6]. The alignment of the benefit amount with AB-PMJAY ensures a consistent level of financial protection for a wider range of the state's population, strengthening the overall healthcare safety net in Himachal Pradesh [6]."}


created_at: 2025-03-26 07:38:06
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created_at: 2025-03-26 07:38:06
topic: persistent://default/default/14121fdc-614c-4a47-9053-2a3ff7f57827
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{"source": "document/HimachalPradesh.docx", "category_depth": 0, "file_directory": "document", "filename": "HimachalPradesh.docx", "last_modified": "2025-03-25T20:34:42", "page_number": 2, "filetype": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document", "category": "NarrativeText", "element_id": "e00acf0175b46741415b490b7381007d", "chroma:document": "The Sahara Yojana in Himachal Pradesh targets individuals suffering from specified chronic illnesses who are domiciles of the state and whose family income is less than \u20b94 lakh per year [User Query]. The specified chronic illnesses include conditions such as Parkinson's disease and paralysis, indicating a focus on debilitating and potentially long-term ailments [User Query]. Eligible beneficiaries under this scheme receive financial aid of \u20b93,000 per month to support their treatment expenses [User Query]. This direct financial assistance aims to alleviate the economic burden associated with managing these chronic conditions, providing a regular supplement to help cover medication costs, regular check-ups, and other necessary medical expenditures [User Query]. The income eligibility criterion suggests that the scheme is intended to support lower to middle-income families who might face significant financial strain due to the prolonged and often expensive treatment required for these"}


created_at: 2025-03-26 07:38:06
topic: persistent://default/default/14121fdc-614c-4a47-9053-2a3ff7f57827
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{"source": "document/HimachalPradesh.docx", "category_depth": 0, "file_directory": "document", "filename": "HimachalPradesh.docx", "last_modified": "2025-03-25T20:34:42", "page_number": 2, "filetype": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document", "category": "NarrativeText", "element_id": "e00acf0175b46741415b490b7381007d", "chroma:document": "suggests that the scheme is intended to support lower to middle-income families who might face significant financial strain due to the prolonged and often expensive treatment required for these illnesses [User Query]. By focusing on domicile and specific chronic conditions, Sahara Yojana provides targeted support to a segment of the population facing unique healthcare challenges [User Query]."}


created_at: 2025-03-26 07:38:06
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created_at: 2025-03-26 07:38:06
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created_at: 2025-03-26 07:38:06
topic: persistent://default/default/14121fdc-614c-4a47-9053-2a3ff7f57827
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{"source": "document/HimachalPradesh.docx", "category_depth": 0, "file_directory": "document", "filename": "HimachalPradesh.docx", "last_modified": "2025-03-25T20:34:42", "page_number": 2, "filetype": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document", "category": "NarrativeText", "element_id": "fbb57bdab3b03f4a72d770c258365b70", "chroma:document": "The Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY) is a centrally sponsored scheme implemented in Himachal Pradesh to reduce maternal and infant mortality by promoting institutional deliveries [8, 9]. Eligibility for JSY in Himachal Pradesh, consistent with the national guidelines, is primarily for pregnant women belonging to Below Poverty Line (BPL) families or those who are from Scheduled Castes (SC) or Scheduled Tribes (ST) [User Query]. A key requirement is that the delivery must take place in a government health facility or a private health facility accredited under the scheme [User Query]. The primary benefit provided under JSY is cash assistance to the eligible pregnant woman to help with expenses related to the delivery and immediate post-natal period [10]. The amount of cash assistance can vary depending on whether the beneficiary resides in a rural or urban area and the specific category they belong to, as observed in the implementation of JSY in other states [10]. In Himachal Pradesh, this"}


created_at: 2025-03-26 07:38:06
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{"source": "document/HimachalPradesh.docx", "category_depth": 0, "file_directory": "document", "filename": "HimachalPradesh.docx", "last_modified": "2025-03-25T20:34:42", "page_number": 2, "filetype": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document", "category": "NarrativeText", "element_id": "fbb57bdab3b03f4a72d770c258365b70", "chroma:document": "on whether the beneficiary resides in a rural or urban area and the specific category they belong to, as observed in the implementation of JSY in other states [10]. In Himachal Pradesh, this cash incentive aims to encourage women from vulnerable socio-economic backgrounds to opt for safer institutional deliveries over home births, thereby reducing the risk of complications and improving maternal and child health outcomes [11, 12]. JSY is often linked with the Janani Shishu Suraksha Karyakram (JSSK), which ensures free and cashless delivery and other related services at public health facilities [13, 14]."}


created_at: 2025-03-26 07:38:06
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created_at: 2025-03-26 07:38:06
topic: persistent://default/default/14121fdc-614c-4a47-9053-2a3ff7f57827
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{"source": "document/HimachalPradesh.docx", "category_depth": 0, "file_directory": "document", "filename": "HimachalPradesh.docx", "last_modified": "2025-03-25T20:34:42", "page_number": 2, "filetype": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document", "category": "NarrativeText", "element_id": "6d87620be687c70eacbff3f7ec87069e", "chroma:document": "The Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana Yojana (PMMVY) is another significant scheme in Himachal Pradesh focused on the health and wellbeing of pregnant and lactating mothers [15, 16]. The scheme specifically targets women who are pregnant or lactating for their first child [User Query]. A crucial requirement for availing benefits under PMMVY is the registration of pregnancy at an early stage [User Query]. Eligible beneficiaries receive a cash benefit of \u20b95,000, which is typically disbursed in three installments upon fulfilling certain conditions, such as early registration of pregnancy, completion of six months of pregnancy with at least one antenatal check-up, and registration of the child's birth and completion of the first cycle of immunization [10]. The primary objective of PMMVY is to provide partial compensation for wage loss during pregnancy and to ensure adequate nutrition and healthcare for the mother and her first child [10, 17]. Recent guidelines under 'Mission Shakti' have also"}


created_at: 2025-03-26 07:38:06
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created_at: 2025-03-26 07:38:06
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created_at: 2025-03-26 07:38:06
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created_at: 2025-03-26 07:38:06
topic: persistent://default/default/14121fdc-614c-4a47-9053-2a3ff7f57827
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{"source": "document/HimachalPradesh.docx", "category_depth": 0, "file_directory": "document", "filename": "HimachalPradesh.docx", "last_modified": "2025-03-25T20:34:42", "page_number": 2, "filetype": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document", "category": "NarrativeText", "element_id": "d46894428c94e3837f6616ae077ebb87", "chroma:document": "The Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram (RBSK) is a significant initiative in Himachal Pradesh aimed at early identification and intervention for a wide range of health conditions in children from birth to 18 years of age [19]. The program focuses on screening children for the \"4 Ds\": Defects at birth, Diseases, Deficiencies, and Development delays, including disability [20]. These screenings are conducted at various points, including health facilities at the time of birth, at home by ASHAs as part of the Home Based Newborn Care (HBNC) package, at Anganwadi centers for children aged 6 weeks to 6 years, and in government and government-aided schools for children enrolled in classes 1st to 12th [20, 21]. Mobile health teams play a crucial role in conducting outreach screenings [20]. For children identified with any of the 32 prevalent health conditions covered under RBSK, the program ensures free treatment and management, which includes surgeries at the tertiary level if required [21]. This"}


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created_at: 2025-03-26 07:38:06
topic: persistent://default/default/14121fdc-614c-4a47-9053-2a3ff7f57827
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{"source": "document/HimachalPradesh.docx", "category_depth": 0, "file_directory": "document", "filename": "HimachalPradesh.docx", "last_modified": "2025-03-25T20:34:42", "page_number": 2, "filetype": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document", "category": "NarrativeText", "element_id": "b16ceeca8b44e01a21265c0fcfea08ee", "chroma:document": "The Universal Immunisation Programme (UIP) is a cornerstone of public health in Himachal Pradesh, providing free vaccination to children of specific ages against a range of preventable diseases [3]. This program aims to protect children from potentially life-threatening infections, contributing significantly to the reduction of childhood morbidity and mortality [18]. The vaccines are administered according to a nationally recommended schedule, ensuring that children receive timely protection at critical stages of their development [23]. By making vaccines freely available, the UIP ensures equitable access for all children in Himachal Pradesh, regardless of their socio-economic background, thereby helping to achieve high immunization coverage rates and protect the community through herd immunity [3, 24]. The UIP is a vital component of the state's efforts to safeguard child health and prevent outbreaks of infectious diseases [25]."}


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created_at: 2025-03-26 07:38:06
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{"source": "document/HimachalPradesh.docx", "category_depth": 0, "file_directory": "document", "filename": "HimachalPradesh.docx", "last_modified": "2025-03-25T20:34:42", "page_number": 2, "filetype": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document", "category": "NarrativeText", "element_id": "1dd18f14d0a07a1e408cc6444f5de997", "chroma:document": "The Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) scheme has a widespread presence in Himachal Pradesh, catering to the holistic needs of children aged 0-6 years and pregnant and lactating mothers [26]. Delivered through a network of Anganwadi centers, ICDS provides a package of essential services aimed at improving the nutritional and health status of young children and mothers, laying the foundation for proper psychological, physical, and social development of the child, reducing the incidence of mortality, morbidity, malnutrition, and school dropouts, and enhancing the capabilities of mothers to look after the health and nutrition needs of their children [27, 28]. The benefits offered under ICDS include supplementary nutrition to address malnutrition, immunization (often provided in coordination with the UIP), regular health check-ups, referral services for children needing specialized medical attention, non-formal pre-school education to promote early learning, and nutrition and"}


created_at: 2025-03-26 07:38:06
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created_at: 2025-03-26 07:38:06
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created_at: 2025-03-26 07:38:06
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{"source": "document/HimachalPradesh.docx", "category_depth": 0, "file_directory": "document", "filename": "HimachalPradesh.docx", "last_modified": "2025-03-25T20:34:42", "page_number": 2, "filetype": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document", "category": "NarrativeText", "element_id": "10d0fd0a0616ca49dc00fd6c71020254", "chroma:document": "The Mukhya Mantri Madhu Care Yojana is a specific healthcare scheme in Himachal Pradesh designed to support children under the age of 18 years who are diagnosed with Type 1 Diabetes and whose family income is less than \u20b92.5 lakh per year [User Query]. Recognizing the lifelong and often expensive management required for Type 1 Diabetes, this scheme provides crucial support by offering free insulin, glucometers, and testing strips to eligible children [User Query]. This initiative aims to ensure that children with this chronic condition from economically weaker families have access to the essential medical supplies needed to manage their diabetes effectively, thereby improving their health outcomes and quality of life [User Query]. By directly addressing the financial burden of these necessary medical provisions, the Mukhya Mantri Madhu Care Yojana plays a vital role in supporting the wellbeing of children with Type 1 Diabetes in Himachal Pradesh."}


created_at: 2025-03-26 07:38:06
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created_at: 2025-03-26 07:38:06
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{"source": "document/HimachalPradesh.docx", "category_depth": 0, "file_directory": "document", "filename": "HimachalPradesh.docx", "last_modified": "2025-03-25T20:34:42", "page_number": 2, "filetype": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document", "category": "NarrativeText", "element_id": "b86ea698c720e70c4cc43595120a4611", "chroma:document": "Himachal Pradesh implements a Social Security Pension Scheme for Persons with Disabilities to provide financial support to residents with disabilities [User Query]. Eligibility for this scheme requires the applicant to be a resident of Himachal Pradesh and have a disability of 40% or more [User Query]. Additionally, there are specific age and income criteria that need to be met to qualify for the monthly pension [User Query]. While the user query does not specify the exact pension amount, similar schemes in other states like Ladakh offer \u20b91,000 per month [31], and Delhi provides \u20b92,500 per month [32], indicating that the benefit amount can vary. The primary aim of this pension scheme is to provide a regular source of income to persons with disabilities who may face challenges in securing employment or have limited means of financial support, thereby enhancing their social security and overall wellbeing [33, 34]."}


created_at: 2025-03-26 07:38:06
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created_at: 2025-03-26 07:38:06
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{"source": "document/HimachalPradesh.docx", "category_depth": 0, "file_directory": "document", "filename": "HimachalPradesh.docx", "last_modified": "2025-03-25T20:34:42", "page_number": 2, "filetype": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document", "category": "NarrativeText", "element_id": "5a2db4f3c5af4279c40581c19c869516", "chroma:document": "The Assistance to Disabled Persons for Purchase/Fitting of Aids and Appliances (ADIP) Scheme is a national scheme that is also implemented in Himachal Pradesh to provide financial aid to eligible disabled individuals for procuring necessary assistive devices [35]. To be eligible for assistance under the ADIP scheme, the applicant must be an Indian citizen with a disability of 40% or more [36]. The scheme also has income criteria, with the level of assistance often varying based on the applicant's monthly income [37, 38]. For instance, individuals with a monthly income up to a certain limit [36] may receive the full cost of the aid or appliance, while those with a higher income might receive a partial cost [36, 38]. The ADIP scheme covers a wide range of aids and appliances that are scientifically manufactured and can promote the physical, social, and psychological rehabilitation of persons with disabilities, including mobility aids like tricycles and wheelchairs, hearing aids,"}


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created_at: 2025-03-26 07:38:06
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{"source": "document/HimachalPradesh.docx", "category_depth": 0, "file_directory": "document", "filename": "HimachalPradesh.docx", "last_modified": "2025-03-25T20:34:42", "page_number": 2, "filetype": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document", "category": "NarrativeText", "element_id": "a92aa1470b3a698aef198b66a72d5c1c", "chroma:document": "The Deendayal Disabled Rehabilitation Scheme (DDRS) is a central sector scheme that supports Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) in Himachal Pradesh and across the country that are working for the education and rehabilitation of persons with disabilities [40]. The primary objective of DDRS is to create an enabling environment to ensure equal opportunities, equity, social justice, and empowerment of persons with disabilities, and to encourage voluntary action in this field [40, 41]. The scheme provides financial assistance to NGOs to run various projects focused on early intervention, special education, vocational training, skill development oriented towards employability, community-based rehabilitation, and the provision of infrastructure facilities for persons with disabilities [40, 42]. To be eligible for funding under DDRS, NGOs typically need to be registered under relevant acts and have been in existence for a specified period, often at least two years [40, 42]. The application"}


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{"source": "document/HimachalPradesh.docx", "category_depth": 0, "file_directory": "document", "filename": "HimachalPradesh.docx", "last_modified": "2025-03-25T20:34:42", "page_number": 2, "filetype": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document", "category": "NarrativeText", "element_id": "a92aa1470b3a698aef198b66a72d5c1c", "chroma:document": "To be eligible for funding under DDRS, NGOs typically need to be registered under relevant acts and have been in existence for a specified period, often at least two years [40, 42]. The application process usually involves online registration on the NGO Darpan portal and submission of project proposals through the E-Anudaan portal [40, 42]. Through DDRS, the government supports the efforts of voluntary organizations in Himachal Pradesh to provide a wide array of services aimed at the holistic rehabilitation and empowerment of individuals with disabilities [43]."}


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created_at: 2025-03-26 07:38:06
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{"source": "document/HimachalPradesh.docx", "category_depth": 0, "file_directory": "document", "filename": "HimachalPradesh.docx", "last_modified": "2025-03-25T20:34:42", "page_number": 2, "filetype": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document", "category": "NarrativeText", "element_id": "c19461ff8935c86d07b802a4b7f01753", "chroma:document": "The healthcare and wellbeing schemes in Himachal Pradesh present a multi-faceted approach to addressing the needs of various segments of the population. A comparative analysis reveals both strengths and potential areas for improvement."}


created_at: 2025-03-26 07:38:06
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{"source": "document/HimachalPradesh.docx", "file_directory": "document", "filename": "HimachalPradesh.docx", "last_modified": "2025-03-25T20:34:42", "page_number": 2, "text_as_html": "<table><tr><td>Scheme Name</td><td>Target Beneficiary</td><td>Key Eligibility Criteria</td><td>Primary Benefits</td></tr><tr><td>AB-PMJAY</td><td>General Population (Economically weaker sections)</td><td>SECC 2011 data based on deprivation and occupational criteria</td><td>\u20b95 lakh health cover per family per year for secondary and tertiary care hospitalization</td></tr><tr><td>HIMCARE</td><td>Residents of Himachal Pradesh (not covered under AB-PMJAY)</td><td>Resident of Himachal Pradesh; Category-based premium payment</td><td>\u20b95 lakh health cover per year per family for hospitalization in empanelled hospitals</td></tr><tr><td>Sahara Yojana</td><td>Individuals with specified chronic illnesses</td><td>Resident of Himachal Pradesh; Family income &lt; \u20b94 lakh/year; Suffering from specified chronic illnesses</td><td>\u20b93,000 per month financial assistance for treatment</td></tr><tr><td>JSY</td><td>Pregnant Women</td><td>BPL/SC/ST; Delivery in government or accredited private facility</td><td>Cash assistance for delivery and post-natal expenses</td></tr><tr><td>PMMVY</td><td>First-time Pregnant and Lactating Mothers</td><td>Pregnant or lactating for the first child; Early registration of pregnancy</td><td>\u20b95,000 cash benefit in three installments upon meeting conditions</td></tr><tr><td>JSSK</td><td>Pregnant Women and Sick Newborns/Infants</td><td>Utilizing government health facilities</td><td>Free delivery (including C-section), treatment for sick newborns/infants, medicines, diagnostics, blood, diet, and transport</td></tr><tr><td>RBSK</td><td>Children (0-18 years)</td><td>All children in the specified age group</td><td>Screening for 4 Ds; Free treatment and management, including surgeries for identified conditions</td></tr><tr><td>UIP</td><td>Children</td><td>Specific age groups as per national immunization schedule</td><td>Free vaccination against preventable diseases</td></tr><tr><td>ICDS</td><td>Children (0-6 years) and Pregnant/Lactating Mothers</td><td>Children in the specified age group and pregnant/lactating mothers</td><td>Supplementary nutrition, immunization, health check-ups, referral services, pre-school education, nutrition and health education</td></tr><tr><td>Mukhya Mantri Madhu Care Yojana</td><td>Children (&lt; 18 years) with Type 1 Diabetes</td><td>Diagnosed with Type 1 Diabetes; Family income &lt; \u20b92.5 lakh/year</td><td>Free insulin, glucometers, and testing strips</td></tr><tr><td>Social Security Pension Scheme for Persons with Disabilities</td><td>Persons with Disabilities</td><td>Resident of Himachal Pradesh; Disability \u2265 40%; Meeting specific age and income criteria</td><td>Monthly pension amount (unspecified in query)</td></tr><tr><td>ADIP Scheme</td><td>Persons with Disabilities</td><td>Indian citizen; Disability \u2265 40%; Meeting specific income criteria</td><td>Financial assistance for purchase/fitting of aids and appliances (full or partial cost)</td></tr><tr><td>DDRS</td><td>Persons with Disabilities (through NGOs)</td><td>Not directly applicable to individuals; NGOs must be registered and meet scheme guidelines</td><td>Financial assistance to NGOs for running projects focused on education and rehabilitation</td></tr></table>", "filetype": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document", "category": "Table", "element_id": "97e96ffcc84f9ec37472bdde2cd75961", "chroma:document": "Scheme Name Target Beneficiary Key Eligibility Criteria Primary Benefits AB-PMJAY General Population (Economically weaker sections) SECC 2011 data based on deprivation and occupational criteria \u20b95 lakh health cover per family per year for secondary and tertiary care hospitalization HIMCARE Residents of Himachal Pradesh (not covered under AB-PMJAY) Resident of Himachal Pradesh; Category-based premium payment \u20b95 lakh health cover per year per family for hospitalization in empanelled hospitals Sahara Yojana Individuals with specified chronic illnesses Resident of Himachal Pradesh; Family income < \u20b94 lakh/year; Suffering from specified chronic illnesses \u20b93,000 per month financial assistance for treatment JSY Pregnant Women BPL/SC/ST; Delivery in government or accredited private facility Cash assistance for delivery and post-natal expenses PMMVY First-time Pregnant and Lactating Mothers Pregnant or lactating for the first child; Early registration of pregnancy \u20b95,000 cash benefit in three"}


created_at: 2025-03-26 07:38:06
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created_at: 2025-03-26 07:38:06
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created_at: 2025-03-26 07:38:06
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created_at: 2025-03-26 07:38:06
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created_at: 2025-03-26 07:38:06
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{"source": "document/HimachalPradesh.docx", "category_depth": 0, "file_directory": "document", "filename": "HimachalPradesh.docx", "last_modified": "2025-03-25T20:34:42", "page_number": 2, "filetype": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document", "category": "ListItem", "element_id": "a119054b3d5d7f877317fbd244d8c227", "chroma:document": "Comprehensive Coverage: Himachal Pradesh has a mix of national and state-specific schemes that aim to provide a wide safety net, covering general health, maternal and child health, and disability."}


created_at: 2025-03-26 07:38:06
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{"source": "document/HimachalPradesh.docx", "category_depth": 0, "file_directory": "document", "filename": "HimachalPradesh.docx", "last_modified": "2025-03-25T20:34:42", "page_number": 2, "filetype": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document", "category": "ListItem", "element_id": "7ebef06b19597efac436aebbf51b0d27", "chroma:document": "Financial Protection: Schemes like AB-PMJAY and HIMCARE offer significant financial protection against high medical expenditures."}


created_at: 2025-03-26 07:38:06
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{"source": "document/HimachalPradesh.docx", "category_depth": 0, "file_directory": "document", "filename": "HimachalPradesh.docx", "last_modified": "2025-03-25T20:34:42", "page_number": 2, "filetype": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document", "category": "ListItem", "element_id": "d619cbe2d2f6115baf770ad9f74fc905", "chroma:document": "Targeted Support: Schemes like Sahara Yojana and Mukhya Mantri Madhu Care Yojana address the specific needs of individuals with chronic illnesses and disabilities."}


created_at: 2025-03-26 07:38:06
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{"source": "document/HimachalPradesh.docx", "category_depth": 0, "file_directory": "document", "filename": "HimachalPradesh.docx", "last_modified": "2025-03-25T20:34:42", "page_number": 2, "filetype": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document", "category": "ListItem", "element_id": "45c1ce7460aed8bca02a8287c7af5de2", "chroma:document": "Focus on Vulnerable Groups: There is a clear emphasis on supporting vulnerable populations such as those below the poverty line, pregnant women, children, and persons with disabilities."}


created_at: 2025-03-26 07:38:06
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{"source": "document/HimachalPradesh.docx", "category_depth": 0, "file_directory": "document", "filename": "HimachalPradesh.docx", "last_modified": "2025-03-25T20:34:42", "page_number": 2, "filetype": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document", "category": "ListItem", "element_id": "38e5ee471af2b8cf842c086b0e8fbc8c", "chroma:document": "Integration of Services: Schemes like ICDS demonstrate an integrated approach to child development, combining health, nutrition, and education."}


created_at: 2025-03-26 07:38:06
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created_at: 2025-03-26 07:38:06
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created_at: 2025-03-26 07:38:06
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created_at: 2025-03-26 07:38:06
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created_at: 2025-03-26 07:38:06
topic: persistent://default/default/14121fdc-614c-4a47-9053-2a3ff7f57827
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created_at: 2025-03-26 07:38:06
topic: persistent://default/default/14121fdc-614c-4a47-9053-2a3ff7f57827
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{"source": "document/HimachalPradesh.docx", "category_depth": 0, "file_directory": "document", "filename": "HimachalPradesh.docx", "last_modified": "2025-03-25T20:34:42", "page_number": 2, "filetype": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document", "category": "ListItem", "element_id": "77637857ac530fabc2a842452797fc20", "chroma:document": "Addressing Gaps: While the current schemes are comprehensive, there might be specific health needs or population groups that are not adequately covered. Further research could help identify these gaps."}


created_at: 2025-03-26 07:38:06
topic: persistent://default/default/14121fdc-614c-4a47-9053-2a3ff7f57827
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created_at: 2025-03-26 07:38:06
topic: persistent://default/default/14121fdc-614c-4a47-9053-2a3ff7f57827
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created_at: 2025-03-26 07:38:06
topic: persistent://default/default/14121fdc-614c-4a47-9053-2a3ff7f57827
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created_at: 2025-03-26 07:38:06
topic: persistent://default/default/14121fdc-614c-4a47-9053-2a3ff7f57827
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{"source": "document/HimachalPradesh.docx", "category_depth": 0, "file_directory": "document", "filename": "HimachalPradesh.docx", "last_modified": "2025-03-25T20:34:42", "page_number": 2, "filetype": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document", "category": "ListItem", "element_id": "6f55835f8fd1e22a2d0cbe68f6c4b867", "chroma:document": "Enhance Awareness and Access: Conduct targeted awareness campaigns, especially in rural and remote areas, to ensure that eligible beneficiaries are well-informed about the available schemes, their eligibility criteria, and the application process. Utilize local community health workers and Anganwadi centers for dissemination of information. Simplify the application processes and make them more accessible through online portals and local administrative offices."}


created_at: 2025-03-26 07:38:06
topic: persistent://default/default/14121fdc-614c-4a47-9053-2a3ff7f57827
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created_at: 2025-03-26 07:38:06
topic: persistent://default/default/14121fdc-614c-4a47-9053-2a3ff7f57827
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created_at: 2025-03-26 07:38:06
topic: persistent://default/default/14121fdc-614c-4a47-9053-2a3ff7f57827
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{"source": "document/HimachalPradesh.docx", "category_depth": 0, "file_directory": "document", "filename": "HimachalPradesh.docx", "last_modified": "2025-03-25T20:34:42", "page_number": 2, "filetype": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document", "category": "ListItem", "element_id": "ac6d045c4746b3dc99d0b967a9f4c512", "chroma:document": "Strengthen Monitoring and Evaluation: Implement robust monitoring and evaluation systems for all schemes to track their performance, identify challenges, and measure their impact on the health and wellbeing outcomes of the beneficiaries. Use the findings to make evidence-based improvements to the schemes."}


created_at: 2025-03-26 07:38:06
topic: persistent://default/default/14121fdc-614c-4a47-9053-2a3ff7f57827
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created_at: 2025-03-26 07:38:06
topic: persistent://default/default/14121fdc-614c-4a47-9053-2a3ff7f57827
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created_at: 2025-03-26 07:38:06
topic: persistent://default/default/14121fdc-614c-4a47-9053-2a3ff7f57827
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created_at: 2025-03-26 07:38:06
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created_at: 2025-03-26 07:38:06
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created_at: 2025-03-26 07:38:06
topic: persistent://default/default/14121fdc-614c-4a47-9053-2a3ff7f57827
id: c6324f16-8bc9-4ee8-9703-d7f16ec4cd8e
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created_at: 2025-03-26 07:38:06
topic: persistent://default/default/14121fdc-614c-4a47-9053-2a3ff7f57827
id: 6e2b1b00-8640-4d8a-bdb5-5facc8d6678c
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{"source": "document/HimachalPradesh.docx", "category_depth": 0, "file_directory": "document", "filename": "HimachalPradesh.docx", "last_modified": "2025-03-25T20:34:42", "page_number": 2, "filetype": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document", "category": "ListItem", "element_id": "debf8fb761d1389ee57eaebeaca08cfa", "chroma:document": "Department of Health and Family Welfare, Government of Himachal Pradesh. (Include relevant departmental website or publications if found)."}


created_at: 2025-03-26 07:38:06
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created_at: 2025-03-26 07:38:06
topic: persistent://default/default/14121fdc-614c-4a47-9053-2a3ff7f57827
id: 6ed0d736-e152-4f1e-aebc-c0f32520bf17
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metadata:
{"source": "document/HimachalPradesh.docx", "category_depth": 0, "file_directory": "document", "filename": "HimachalPradesh.docx", "last_modified": "2025-03-25T20:34:42", "page_number": 2, "filetype": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document", "category": "ListItem", "element_id": "476a0c6f8a07c4f4cd5bfad605b573fd", "chroma:document": "The Gazette of India. (Relevant notifications on AB-PMJAY)."}


created_at: 2025-03-26 07:38:06
topic: persistent://default/default/14121fdc-614c-4a47-9053-2a3ff7f57827
id: 9b1e4c77-3c3e-499f-ace6-0c42f4c74b93
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created_at: 2025-03-26 07:38:06
topic: persistent://default/default/14121fdc-614c-4a47-9053-2a3ff7f57827
id: d5510f9f-4dea-4159-a233-f1d8947438ff
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created_at: 2025-03-26 07:38:06
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created_at: 2025-03-26 07:38:06
topic: persistent://default/default/14121fdc-614c-4a47-9053-2a3ff7f57827
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created_at: 2025-03-26 07:38:06
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id: 37ae29fb-d114-44ab-81f2-adc4d22c871b
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created_at: 2025-03-26 07:38:06
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created_at: 2025-03-26 07:38:06
topic: persistent://default/default/14121fdc-614c-4a47-9053-2a3ff7f57827
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created_at: 2025-03-26 07:38:06
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created_at: 2025-03-26 07:38:06
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created_at: 2025-03-26 07:38:06
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created_at: 2025-03-26 07:38:06
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created_at: 2025-03-26 07:38:06
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{"source": "document/Uttar_Pradesh_UT_Healthcare_Schemes_.docx", "category_depth": 0, "file_directory": "document", "filename": "Uttar_Pradesh_UT_Healthcare_Schemes_.docx", "last_modified": "2025-03-26T00:10:51", "filetype": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document", "parent_id": "da40b491739d8aa107aadce003c3fbbd", "category": "NarrativeText", "element_id": "faaa99c73795b85bf72597c3ebb3163c", "chroma:document": "health insurance schemes in Andaman and Nicobar Islands and Ladakh to specific welfare benefits for construction workers and girl children. This report highlights the key features, eligibility criteria, and benefits of these schemes, offering a valuable resource for policymakers and stakeholders in the public health sector."}


created_at: 2025-03-26 07:38:06
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{"source": "document/Uttar_Pradesh_UT_Healthcare_Schemes_.docx", "category_depth": 0, "file_directory": "document", "filename": "Uttar_Pradesh_UT_Healthcare_Schemes_.docx", "last_modified": "2025-03-26T00:10:51", "filetype": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document", "parent_id": "da40b491739d8aa107aadce003c3fbbd", "category": "UncategorizedText", "element_id": "4c75cf3a9c82f1846d441e63bade598d", "chroma:document": "2. Healthcare and Wellbeing Schemes in Uttar Pradesh:"}


created_at: 2025-03-26 07:38:06
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{"source": "document/Uttar_Pradesh_UT_Healthcare_Schemes_.docx", "category_depth": 0, "file_directory": "document", "filename": "Uttar_Pradesh_UT_Healthcare_Schemes_.docx", "last_modified": "2025-03-26T00:10:51", "filetype": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document", "parent_id": "da40b491739d8aa107aadce003c3fbbd", "category": "ListItem", "element_id": "f720a5f79da7d90452a415a82ee58bd2", "chroma:document": "2.1 Schemes for General Citizens:"}


created_at: 2025-03-26 07:38:06
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{"source": "document/Uttar_Pradesh_UT_Healthcare_Schemes_.docx", "category_depth": 1, "file_directory": "document", "filename": "Uttar_Pradesh_UT_Healthcare_Schemes_.docx", "last_modified": "2025-03-26T00:10:51", "filetype": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document", "parent_id": "f720a5f79da7d90452a415a82ee58bd2", "category": "ListItem", "element_id": "2423bf930d1061609dc6feee2cd3eb31", "chroma:document": "2.1.1 Ayushman Bharat - Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (AB-PMJAY) & Mukhyamantri Jan Arogya Yojana (MMJAY):\nThe governments of India and Uttar Pradesh are jointly implementing the Ayushman Bharat - Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (AB-PMJAY) and the Mukhyamantri Jan Arogya Yojana (MMJAY) to provide comprehensive health insurance coverage to a significant portion of the state's population 1. These schemes offer financial protection of up to \u20b95 lakh per family per year for secondary and tertiary care hospitalization, ensuring that a substantial number of individuals can access necessary medical treatment without facing prohibitive costs 2. Eligibility for these schemes is primarily determined based on socio-economic criteria, utilizing data from the Socio-Economic Caste Census 2011 (SECC 2011) and including beneficiaries previously covered under the Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana (RSBY) 3."}


created_at: 2025-03-26 07:38:06
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{"source": "document/Uttar_Pradesh_UT_Healthcare_Schemes_.docx", "category_depth": 1, "file_directory": "document", "filename": "Uttar_Pradesh_UT_Healthcare_Schemes_.docx", "last_modified": "2025-03-26T00:10:51", "filetype": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document", "parent_id": "f720a5f79da7d90452a415a82ee58bd2", "category": "ListItem", "element_id": "2423bf930d1061609dc6feee2cd3eb31", "chroma:document": "The current administration in Uttar Pradesh has emphasized its commitment to ensuring that the benefits of these schemes reach all eligible residents without discrimination, contrasting this approach with the alleged preferential treatment under previous governments 1. The Chief Minister has stated that these initiatives have enabled approximately 10 crore people in Uttar Pradesh to receive free health insurance, thereby removing financial hurdles for the poor seeking medical care 1. The widespread reach of these schemes is further evidenced by the authorization of approximately 43.5 lakh hospital admissions under AB-PMJAY in the state as of June 2024 6. This high utilization rate underscores the critical role these schemes play in addressing the healthcare needs of a large segment of the population."}


created_at: 2025-03-26 07:38:06
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{"source": "document/Uttar_Pradesh_UT_Healthcare_Schemes_.docx", "category_depth": 1, "file_directory": "document", "filename": "Uttar_Pradesh_UT_Healthcare_Schemes_.docx", "last_modified": "2025-03-26T00:10:51", "filetype": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document", "parent_id": "f720a5f79da7d90452a415a82ee58bd2", "category": "ListItem", "element_id": "2423bf930d1061609dc6feee2cd3eb31", "chroma:document": "To facilitate the effective implementation and monitoring of the AB-PMJAY, a robust IT infrastructure has been established 3. This system includes a dashboard for real-time reporting and performance evaluation, a hospital empanelment system to ensure quality of care, and a beneficiary identification system utilizing Aadhaar eKYC for authentication. A transaction management system tracks patient data and claims, while a citizen portal and a toll-free helpline (14555) provide beneficiaries with information and support 3. This technological focus reflects the government's commitment to transparency and efficiency in delivering the benefits of the scheme.\nThe following table summarizes the key eligibility criteria and benefits of the Ayushman Bharat PM-JAY scheme, which is implemented in convergence with the Mukhyamantri Jan Arogya Yojana in Uttar Pradesh:"}


created_at: 2025-03-26 07:38:06
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{"source": "document/Uttar_Pradesh_UT_Healthcare_Schemes_.docx", "file_directory": "document", "filename": "Uttar_Pradesh_UT_Healthcare_Schemes_.docx", "last_modified": "2025-03-26T00:10:51", "text_as_html": "<table><tr><td>Feature</td><td>Rural Beneficiaries</td><td>Urban Beneficiaries</td><td>Benefits</td></tr><tr><td>Eligibility</td><td>Based on deprivation and occupational criteria from SECC 2011 (D1-D5, D7), automatic inclusion criteria (households without shelter, destitute, manual scavengers, etc.), and RSBY beneficiaries 3</td><td>Based on 11 occupational categories (ragpicker, domestic worker, street vendor, construction worker, etc.) from SECC 2011 and RSBY beneficiaries 3</td><td>Health cover of \u20b95 lakhs per family per year for secondary and tertiary care hospitalization 3</td></tr><tr><td/><td>Only one room with kucha walls and roof, no adult member (16-59), female-headed household with no adult male member (16-59), disabled member with no able-bodied adult, SC/ST households, landless households deriving major income from manual labor, etc3.</td><td>Ragpicker, beggar, domestic worker, street vendor, construction worker, sweeper, home-based worker, transport worker, shop worker, electrician/mechanic, washer-man/chowkidar 3</td><td>Cashless access at empanelled public and private hospitals across India 3</td></tr><tr><td/><td/><td/><td>Coverage of approximately 1,929 procedures, including pre and post-hospitalization expenses (3 days before, 15 days after) 3</td></tr><tr><td/><td/><td/><td>No restrictions on family size, age, or gender 3</td></tr><tr><td/><td/><td/><td>Coverage of pre-existing conditions from day one 3</td></tr><tr><td/><td/><td/><td>National portability allowing treatment at any empanelled hospital in India 3</td></tr><tr><td/><td/><td/><td>Family floater basis, allowing any or all family members to utilize the \u20b95 lakh cover 3</td></tr><tr><td/><td/><td/><td>Comprehensive treatment including medical examination, consultation, medicine, medical consumables, intensive and non-intensive care, diagnostics, accommodation, food services, and complications arising during treatment 3</td></tr></table>", "filetype": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document", "parent_id": "da40b491739d8aa107aadce003c3fbbd", "category": "Table", "element_id": "fc03a7ac2f263e9f17d6ef34d8a4a849", "chroma:document": "Feature Rural Beneficiaries Urban Beneficiaries Benefits Eligibility Based on deprivation and occupational criteria from SECC 2011 (D1-D5, D7), automatic inclusion criteria (households without shelter, destitute, manual scavengers, etc.), and RSBY beneficiaries 3 Based on 11 occupational categories (ragpicker, domestic worker, street vendor, construction worker, etc.) from SECC 2011 and RSBY beneficiaries 3 Health cover of \u20b95 lakhs per family per year for secondary and tertiary care hospitalization 3 Only one room with kucha walls and roof, no adult member (16-59), female-headed household with no adult male member (16-59), disabled member with no able-bodied adult, SC/ST households, landless households deriving major income from manual labor, etc3. Ragpicker, beggar, domestic worker, street vendor, construction worker, sweeper, home-based worker, transport worker, shop worker, electrician/mechanic, washer-man/chowkidar 3 Cashless access at empanelled public and private hospitals across"}


