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<TITLE>PROLOGDB(5WN) manual page</TITLE> |
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<A HREF="#toc">Table of Contents</A><P> |
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<H2><A NAME="sect0" HREF="#toc0">NAME </A></H2> |
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wn_pl - description of Prolog database files |
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<H2><A NAME="sect1" HREF="#toc1">DESCRIPTION </A></H2> |
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The files |
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<B>wn_ </B><I>* </I><B>.pl </B> contain the WordNet database in a prolog-readable format. A prolog |
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interface to WordNet is not implemented. <P> |
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The prolog database is very large |
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and may take many minutes to load into the Prolog workspace. A separate |
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file has been created for each WordNet relation giving the user the ability |
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to load only those parts of the database that they are interested. <P> |
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See |
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<B>FILES </B>, below, for a list of the database files and <B><A HREF="wndb.5WN.html">wndb</B>(5WN)</A> |
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and <B><A HREF="wninput.5WN.html">wninput</B>(5WN)<B></B></A> |
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for detailed descriptions of the various WordNet relations (referred to |
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as <I>operators </I> in this manual page). |
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<H3><A NAME="sect2" HREF="#toc2">File Format </A></H3> |
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Each prolog database file |
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contains information corresponding to the synsets and word senses contained |
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in the WordNet database. In the prolog version of the database, the <I>synset_id |
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</I>s (defined below) are used as unique synset identifiers. <P> |
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Each line of |
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a file contains an operator that corresponds to a WordNet relation. All |
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lines with the same <I>operator </I> value are stored in the file <B>wn_ </B><I>operator |
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</I><B>.pl </B>. <P> |
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The general format of a line in a prolog database file is as follows: |
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<P> |
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<blockquote><I>operator<B>(<I>field1<B>,<I> ... <B>,<I>fieldn<B>). </B></I></B></I></B></I></B></I> <BR> |
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</blockquote> |
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<P> |
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Each line contains the name of the |
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operator, followed by a left parenthesis, a comma-separated list of fields, |
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a right parenthesis, and a period. Note there are no spaces, and each |
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line is terminated with a newline character. |
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<H3><A NAME="sect3" HREF="#toc3">Operators </A></H3> |
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Each WordNet relation |
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is represented in a separate file by <I>operator </I> name. Some operators are |
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reflexive (i.e. the "reverse" relation is implicit). So, for example, if |
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<B>x </B> is a hypernym of <B>y </B>, <B>y </B> is necessarily a hyponym of <B>x </B>. In the prolog |
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database, reflected pointers are usually implied for semantic relations. |
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<P> |
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Semantic relations are represented by a pair of <I>synset_id </I>s, in which |
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the first <I>synset_id </I> is generally the source of the relation and the second |
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is the target. If two pairs <I>synset_id </I><B>, </B><I>w_num </I> are present, the operator |
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represents a lexical relation between word forms. <P> |
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<B>s(<I>synset_id<B>,<I>w_num<B>,'<I>word<B>',<I>ss_type<B>,<I>sense_number<B>,<I>tag_count<B>). |
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</B></I></B></I></B></I></B></I></B></I></B></I></B><BR> |
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<blockquote>A <B>s </B> operator is present for every word sense in WordNet. In <B>wn_s.pl |
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</B>, <I>w_num </I> specifies the word number for <I>word </I> in the synset. </blockquote> |
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<P> |
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<B>g(<I>synset_id<B>,'(<I>gloss<B>)'). |
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</B></I></B></I></B><BR> |
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<blockquote>The <B>g </B> operator specifies the gloss for a synset. </blockquote> |
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<P> |
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<B>hyp(<I>synset_id<B>,<I>synset_id<B>). |
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</B></I></B></I></B><BR> |
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<blockquote>The <B>hyp </B> operator specifies that the second synset is a hypernym of |
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the first synset. This relation holds for nouns and verbs. The reflexive |
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operator, hyponym, implies that the first synset is a hyponym of the second |
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synset. </blockquote> |
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<P> |
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<B>ent(<I>synset_id<B>,<I>synset_id<B>). </B></I></B></I></B><BR> |
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<blockquote>The <B>ent </B> operator specifies that the |
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second synset is an entailment of first synset. This relation only holds |
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for verbs. </blockquote> |
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<P> |
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<B>sim(<I>synset_id<B>,<I>synset_id<B>). </B></I></B></I></B><BR> |
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<blockquote>The <B>sim </B> operator specifies that |
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the second synset is similar in meaning to the first synset. This means |
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that the second synset is a satellite the first synset, which is the cluster |
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head. This relation only holds for adjective synsets contained in adjective |
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clusters. </blockquote> |
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<P> |
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<B>mm(<I>synset_id<B>,<I>synset_id<B>). </B></I></B></I></B><BR> |
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<blockquote>The <B>mm </B> operator specifies that the |
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second synset is a member meronym of the first synset. This relation only |
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holds for nouns. The reflexive operator, member holonym, can be implied. |
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</blockquote> |
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<P> |
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<B>ms(<I>synset_id<B>,<I>synset_id<B>). </B></I></B></I></B><BR> |
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<blockquote>The <B>ms </B> operator specifies that the second |
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synset is a substance meronym of the first synset. This relation only |
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holds for nouns. The reflexive operator, substance holonym, can be implied. |
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</blockquote> |
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<P> |
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<B>mp(<I>synset_id<B>,<I>synset_id<B>). </B></I></B></I></B><BR> |
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<blockquote>The <B>mp </B> operator specifies that the second |
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synset is a part meronym of the first synset. This relation only holds |
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for nouns. The reflexive operator, part holonym, can be implied. </blockquote> |
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<P> |
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<B>cs(<I>synset_id<B>,<I>synset_id<B>). |
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</B></I></B></I></B><BR> |
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<blockquote>The <B>cs </B> operator specifies that the second synset is a cause of the |
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first synset. This relation only holds for verbs. </blockquote> |
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<P> |
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<B>vgp(<I>synset_id<B>,<I>synset_id<B>). |
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</B></I></B></I></B><BR> |
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<blockquote>The <B>vgp </B> operator specifies verb synsets that are similar in meaning |
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and should be grouped together when displayed in response to a grouped |
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synset search. </blockquote> |
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<P> |
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<B>at(<I>synset_id<B>,<I>synset_id<B>). </B></I></B></I></B><BR> |
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<blockquote>The <B>at </B> operator defines the |
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attribute relation between noun and adjective synset pairs in which the |
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adjective is a value of the noun. For each pair, both relations are listed |
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(ie. each <I>synset_id </I> is both a source and target). </blockquote> |
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<P> |
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<B>ant(<I>synset_id<B>,<I>w_num<B>,<I>synset_id<B>,<I>w_num<B>). |
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</B></I></B></I></B></I></B></I></B><BR> |
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<blockquote>The <B>ant </B> operator specifies antonymous <I>word </I>s. This is a lexical relation |
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that holds for all syntactic categories. For each antonymous pair, both |
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relations are listed (ie. each <I>synset_id,w_num </I> pair is both a source and |
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target word.) </blockquote> |
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<P> |
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<B>sa(<I>synset_id<B>,<I>w_num<B>,<I>synset_id<B>,<I>w_num<B>). </B></I></B></I></B></I></B></I></B><BR> |
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<blockquote>The <B>sa </B> operator |
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specifies that additional information about the first word can be obtained |
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by seeing the second word. This operator is only defined for verbs and |
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adjectives. There is no reflexive relation (ie. it cannot be inferred that |
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the additional information about the second word can be obtained from |
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the first word). </blockquote> |
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<P> |
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<B>ppl(<I>synset_id<B>,<I>w_num<B>,<I>synset_id<B>,<I>w_num<B>). </B></I></B></I></B></I></B></I></B><BR> |
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<blockquote>The <B>ppl </B> operator |
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specifies that the adjective first word is a participle of the verb second |
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word. The reflexive operator can be implied. </blockquote> |
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<P> |
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<B>per(<I>synset_id<B>,<I>w_num<B>,<I>synset_id<B>,<I>w_num<B>). |
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</B></I></B></I></B></I></B></I></B><BR> |
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<blockquote>The <B>per </B> operator specifies two different relations based on the parts |
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of speech involved. If the first word is in an adjective synset, that |
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word pertains to either the noun or adjective second word. If the first |
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word is in an adverb synset, that word is derived from the adjective second |
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word. </blockquote> |
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<P> |
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<B>fr(<I>synset_id<B>,<I>f_num<B>,<I>w_num<B>). </B></I></B></I></B></I></B><BR> |
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<blockquote>The <B>fr </B> operator specifies a generic |
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sentence frame for one or all words in a synset. The operator is defined |
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only for verbs. </blockquote> |
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<H3><A NAME="sect4" HREF="#toc4">Field Definitions </A></H3> |
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A <I>synset_id </I> is a nine byte field in |
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which the first byte defines the syntactic category of the synset and |
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the remaining eight bytes are a <I>synset_offset </I>, as defined in <B><A HREF="wndb.5WN.html">wndb</B>(5WN)</A> |
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, |
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indicating the byte offset in the <B>data. </B><I>pos </I> file that corresponds to the |
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syntactic category. <P> |
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The syntactic category is encoded as: <P> |
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<blockquote><B>1 </B><tt> </tt> <tt> </tt> NOUN <BR> |
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<B>2 </B><tt> </tt> <tt> </tt> VERB <BR> |
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<B>3 </B><tt> </tt> <tt> </tt> ADJECTIVE <BR> |
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<B>4 </B><tt> </tt> <tt> </tt> ADVERB <BR> |
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</blockquote> |
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<P> |
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<I>w_num </I>, if present, indicates which word |
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in the synset is being referred to. Word numbers are assigned to the <I>word |
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</I> fields in a synset, from left to right, beginning with 1. When used to |
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represent lexical WordNet relations <I>w_num </I> may be 0, indicating that the |
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relation holds for all words in the synset indicated by the preceding |
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<I>synset_id </I>. See <B><A HREF="wninput.5WN.html">wninput</B>(5WN)</A> |
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for a discussion of semantic and lexical |
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relations. <P> |
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<I>ss_type </I> is a one character code indicating the synset type: |
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<P> |
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<blockquote><B>n </B><tt> </tt> <tt> </tt> NOUN <BR> |
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<B>v </B><tt> </tt> <tt> </tt> VERB <BR> |
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<B>a </B><tt> </tt> <tt> </tt> ADJECTIVE <BR> |
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<B>s </B><tt> </tt> <tt> </tt> ADJECTIVE SATELLITE <BR> |
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<B>r </B><tt> </tt> <tt> </tt> ADVERB <BR> |
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</blockquote> |
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<P> |
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<I>sense_number |
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</I> specifies the sense number of the word, within the part of speech encoded |
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in the <I>synset_id </I>, in the WordNet database. <P> |
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<I>word </I> is the ASCII text of |
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the word as entered in the synset by the lexicographer, with spaces replaced |
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by underscore characters (<B>_ </B>). The text of the word is case sensitive. |
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An adjective <I>word </I> is immediately followed by a syntactic marker if one |
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was specified in the lexicographer file. A syntactic marker is appended, |
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in parentheses, onto <I>word </I> without any intervening spaces. See <B><A HREF="wninput.5WN.html">wninput</B>(5WN)</A> |
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for a list of the syntactic markers for adjectives. <P> |
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Each synset has a |
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<I>gloss </I> that may contain a definition, one or more example sentences, or |
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both. Note that glosses are enclosed in single forward quotes and parentheses: <B>'(<I>gloss<B>)' |
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</B></I></B>. <P> |
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<I>f_num </I> specifies the generic sentence frame number for word <I>w_num </I> in |
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the synset indicated by <I>synset_id </I>. Note that when <I>w_num </I> is <B>0 </B>, the frame |
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number applies to all words in the synset. If non-zero, the frame applies |
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to that word in the synset. <P> |
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In WordNet, sense numbers are assigned as |
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described in <B><A HREF="wndb.5WN.html">wndb</B>(5WN)</A> |
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. <I>tag_count </I> is the number of times the sense was |
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tagged in the Semantic Concordances, and <B>0 </B> if it was not instantiated. |
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<H2><A NAME="sect5" HREF="#toc5">NOTES </A></H2> |
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Since single forward quotes are used to enclose character strings, |
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single quote characters found in <I>word </I> and <I>gloss </I> fields are represented |
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as two adjacent single quote characters. <P> |
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The load time can be greatly |
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reduced by creating "object language" versions of the files, an option |
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that is supported by some implementations, such as Quintus Prolog. |
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<H2><A NAME="sect6" HREF="#toc6">ENVIRONMENT |
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VARIABLES (UNIX) </A></H2> |
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<DL> |
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<DT><B>WNHOME</B> </DT> |
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<DD>Base directory for WordNet. Default is <B>/usr/local/WordNet-3.0 |
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</B>. </DD> |
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</DL> |
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<H2><A NAME="sect7" HREF="#toc7">REGISTRY (WINDOWS) </A></H2> |
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<DL> |
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<DT><B>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\WordNet\3.0\WNHome</B> </DT> |
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<DD>Base directory |
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for WordNet. Default is <B>C:\Program Files\WordNet\3.0 </B>. </DD> |
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</DL> |
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<H2><A NAME="sect8" HREF="#toc8">FILES </A></H2> |
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All files are |
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in <B>WNHOME/prolog </B> on Unix platforms and <B>WNHome\prolog </B> on Windows platforms |
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<DL> |
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<DT><B>wn_s.pl</B> </DT> |
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<DD>synset pointers </DD> |
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<DT><B>wn_g.pl</B> </DT> |
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<DD>gloss pointers </DD> |
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<DT><B>wn_hyp.pl</B> </DT> |
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<DD>hypernym pointers |
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</DD> |
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<DT><B>wn_ent.pl</B> </DT> |
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<DD>entailment pointers </DD> |
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<DT><B>wn_sim.pl</B> </DT> |
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<DD>similar pointers </DD> |
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<DT><B>wn_mm.pl</B> </DT> |
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<DD>member |
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meronym pointers </DD> |
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<DT><B>wn_ms.pl</B> </DT> |
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<DD>substance meronym pointers </DD> |
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<DT><B>wn_mp.pl</B> </DT> |
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<DD>part meronym |
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pointers </DD> |
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<DT><B>wn_cs.pl</B> </DT> |
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<DD>cause pointers </DD> |
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<DT><B>wn_vgp.pl</B> </DT> |
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<DD>grouped verb pointers </DD> |
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<DT><B>wn_at.pl</B> |
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</DT> |
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<DD>attribute pointers </DD> |
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<DT><B>wn_ant.pl</B> </DT> |
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<DD>antonym pointers </DD> |
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<DT><B>wn_sa.pl</B> </DT> |
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<DD>see also pointers |
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</DD> |
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<DT><B>wn_ppl.pl</B> </DT> |
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<DD>participle pointers </DD> |
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<DT><B>wn_per.pl</B> </DT> |
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<DD>pertainym pointers </DD> |
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<DT><B>wn_fr.pl</B> </DT> |
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<DD>frame |
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pointers </DD> |
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</DL> |
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<H2><A NAME="sect9" HREF="#toc9">SEE ALSO </A></H2> |
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<B><A HREF="wndb.5WN.html">wndb</B>(5WN)</A> |
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, <B><A HREF="wninput.5WN.html">wninput</B>(5WN)</A> |
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, <B><A HREF="wngroups.7WN.html">wngroups</B>(7WN)</A> |
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, <B><A HREF="wnpkgs.7WN.html">wnpkgs</B>(7WN)</A> |
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. |
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<P> |
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<HR><P> |
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<A NAME="toc"><B>Table of Contents</B></A><P> |
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<UL> |
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<LI><A NAME="toc0" HREF="#sect0">NAME</A></LI> |
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<LI><A NAME="toc1" HREF="#sect1">DESCRIPTION</A></LI> |
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<UL> |
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<LI><A NAME="toc2" HREF="#sect2">File Format</A></LI> |
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<LI><A NAME="toc3" HREF="#sect3">Operators</A></LI> |
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<LI><A NAME="toc4" HREF="#sect4">Field Definitions</A></LI> |
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</UL> |
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<LI><A NAME="toc5" HREF="#sect5">NOTES</A></LI> |
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<LI><A NAME="toc6" HREF="#sect6">ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES (UNIX)</A></LI> |
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<LI><A NAME="toc7" HREF="#sect7">REGISTRY (WINDOWS)</A></LI> |
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<LI><A NAME="toc8" HREF="#sect8">FILES</A></LI> |
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<LI><A NAME="toc9" HREF="#sect9">SEE ALSO</A></LI> |
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</UL> |
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</BODY></HTML> |
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