
will show the Diagnostics page of all pCP's running Squeezelite.
The initial "V" displayed on the graph is just the test data I used during development.Good understanding of crop water use or crop evapotranspiration (ET) is essential for managing irrigation efficiently, especially during the periods of water scarcity. Information on how much and when crop uses the water and what are the different factors that derive the crop water use would help growers in avoiding over- and under-irrigation that helps in reducing nitrate leaching and maintaining good crop yield.
Evapotranspiration (ET) includes two terms: evaporation (E) from the soil surface and transpiration (T) from the leaves. It is very difficult to estimate or measure these two components independently, so they are often calculated and measured together. Over a growing season, 70% to 80% of all ET is used up as transpiration and remaining 20% to 30% of ET is direct evaporation from the soil.
For transpiration, water moves from the soil through the crop’s root system and comes out from the leaves. The process of transpiration is essential for cooling the leaves and it also facilitates the movement of nutrients from the soil into the plant, thus directly influencing the grain production. As the crop grows, the canopy covers or shades the soil surface, which reduces the evaporation from the soil as we move into the growing season. By the mid-season, leaf area is sufficient to cover the soil surface to the maximum. At that time, transpiration becomes the dominant component.
What are different factors that affect ET?
corn and soybean at Becker, MN.
The crop type, variety and development stage of the crop affects ET in crops grown in large, well-managed fields. Differences in crop height, ground cover and crop rooting characteristics result in different ET levels in different types of crops under identical environmental conditions.
As an example, a seasonal water use curve for corn and soybean for Becker, MN is shown in Figure 1. The maximum crop water use for both crops occurs close to the end of vegetative growth and start of reproductive growth stage. For corn, at the beginning of the dent stage and for soybean, at pod fill, the ET starts declining, even though the crops is at full cover.
planting for corn and soybeans, respectively.
The principle weather parameters affecting ET are solar radiation, air temperature, relative humidity, and wind. If the temperatures are high, humidity is low and winds are high, ET demands increase. In Figure 2, the average (2016-2020) ET is compared to the 2021 growing season ET. With high temperatures in 2021, the ET for both corn and soybean in the month of June and July was higher than the average ET.
These graphs indicate that depending on long-term average values of ET for irrigation scheduling is not appropriate, particularly for years like 2021. The long-term average provides a rough approximation of actual crop water use; however, irrigation scheduling is more accurate when daily ET values from weather data are used.
Water holding capacity is the maximum amount of water that soil can store to be extracted by the plants. It is the water held between field capacity and permanent wilting point. The total available water in the soil root zone for a specific crop is equal to the crop’s rooting depth multiplied by the available water-holding capacity per unit depth of the soil.
Different soil types have different water holding capacities. For example, coarse soils, such as sands and sandy loam, have relatively large pores when compared to a finer textured soil such as clay. Fine soils, like clays or clay loams, have small mineral particles and very small pores. Having a larger number of small pores means that a fine textured soil can hold more water than a coarse textured soil. When the soil profile is at field capacity, plants use water at the maximum rate. As the water content of the soil drops, plants are less able to extract the water.
The residue cover has a significant impact on the evaporation of water from the soil surface. Tillage increases the exposed surface area of the soil, which increases evaporation and runoff, and may reduce water infiltration because of compaction in the tillage process. Through research, it has been found that the plots with residue on the soil surface could save 3-4 inches of irrigation as compared to bare soil (University of Nebraska).
How do I calculate ET?
Table 1. Mean crop coefficients (Kc) for corn and soybean in Minnesota for use with alfalfa reference ET.
Kc numbers are adapted from ASCE manual 70 and were adjusted based on the following assumption: Assumes full cover at 60 and 54 days after planting for corn, and beans respectively.
Alfalfa-reference and grass-reference evapotranspiration (ETref) are calculated using the standardized Penman-Monteith equation. Climate variables measured by a weather station are used as input data to calculate ETref. Climatic data included are air temperatures, solar radiation, humidity and wind.
When to stop irrigating?
Determining the amount and timing of the last few irrigations of the season is one of the most critical water management decisions. Discontinuing too early in the season to save water or reduce pumping costs could mean a much greater reduction in yield returns than the cost of pumping. On the other hand, irrigating right up to crop maturity may mean using 1 to 3 inches more irrigation water than necessary.
Approximate water use or ET by crop to reach maturity is presented in Table 2. Details of how to calculate irrigation requirements using this table are provided in https://extension.umn.edu/irrigation/irrigation-management-strategies.
Table 3. Estimated normal water requirements for corn (95 RM) and soybeans between various growth stages and maturity in Minnesota.
Q: Phone 7 (Mango) background URL polling? Whats the recommended way to poll a URL every 5min (in the background) on a Phone 7 (Mango) device?
Are Periodic Agents limited to 30min polling?
Should I be looking into Push Notifications ?
Any pointers/hints appreciated.
Thanks

A: Yop you should be looking into push notification (it's a lot more complicated than the periodic agent...)
But periodic agent are set to 30 mins (and 25sec of code execution I think) and there is NOTHING you can do about it. Also note that the user can decide to deactivate your periodic agent in the options.
But pushing notifications every 5 minutes on a phone might not be good idea anyway... It's gonna drain the battery quickly!
What are you trying to accomplish?

A: 
Should I be looking into Push Notifications?

Short answer, yes.
Push notifications will eliminate the need for your app to continuously poll in the background; not only will this help your notifications reach your users faster (as there's no polling delay) it will also improve the user experience on the device, because the app doesn't have to run in the background (taking up resources) while the user is doing other things.
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