atitis B virus (HBV)infection which causes liver cancer.
Therapeutic vaccines treat existing tumors. Dendritic cells (DC) based vaccines are a popular form of therapy. DC vaccines are a) Ex vivo in which DCs may be loaded with antigen by culturing DCs obtained from patients with a tumor-specific antigen and an adjuvant to induce DC maturation. These cells are transfused back into the patient. b) In vivo where DCs may be induced to take up tumor antigen in vivo. The resulting antitumor responses are robust and long-lasting.
DC-based vaccines are being tested in cancers such as prostate, colorectal, kidney, breast cancer, melanoma, leukemia, lymphoma, and others.
The role of cancer immunotherapy has been very promising in the treatment of a few cancers. However, there are still numerous malignancies, in which immunotherapy alone has not achieved desirable response rates. Complementary therapies that reverse the immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment and unleash the full potential of neoantigen-based vaccine will need to be explored.
Perhaps a mixed treatment option or Polytherapy with chemotherapeutic or another immunotherapeutic drug could be the solution. Studies have shown a possible synergistic effect between a cancer vaccine and checkpoint blockade. Furthermore, the dual blockade of both CTLA-4 and PD-1 pathways seem to have an additive response, allowing for more effective T cell activation, which is further augmented with a vaccine. Therefore, such combinatorial treatment approaches will be the aim for future cancer therapy.
Esfahani, K., Roudaia, L., Buhlaiga, N., Del Rincon, S.V., Papneja, N. and Miller, W.H. (2020). A review of cancer immunotherapy: from the past, to the present, to the future. Current Oncology, [online] 27(Suppl 2), pp.S87–S97.
Farkona, S., Diamandis, E.P. and Blasutig, I.M. (2016). Cancer immunotherapy: the beginning of the end of cancer? BMC Medicine, 14(1).
Kokate, R. (2017). A systematic overview of cancer immunotherapy: an emerging therapy. Pharmacy & Pharmacology International Journal, [online] Volume 5(Issue 2). Available at: https://medcraveonline.com/PPIJ/a-systematic-overview-of-cancer-immunotherapy-an-emerging-therapy.
Martin-Liberal, J., Ochoa de Olza, M., Hierro, C., Gros, A., Rodon, J. and Tabernero, J. (2017). The expanding role of immunotherapy. Cancer Treatment Reviews, 54(54), pp.74–86.
Velcheti, V. and Schalper, K. (2016). Basic Overview of Current Immunotherapy Approaches in Cancer. American Society of Clinical Oncology Educational Book, 36(36), pp.298–308.
Poonam is passionate about all things science and medicine. She has over 20 years of experience in research in cardiovascular physiology, biochemistry, and molecular biology. Poonam has worked as an independent scientist both in the United States and in Australia and has several publications in high-impact journals. (11 publications with ~700 citations; h index of 11).
Balaji, Poornima. (2021, November 23). Investigating the Role of Immunotherapy in Cancer. AZoLifeSciences. Retrieved on July 06, 2022 from https://www.azolifesciences.com/article/Investigating-the-Role-of-Immunotherapy-in-Cancer.aspx.
Balaji, Poornima. "Investigating the Role of Immunotherapy in Cancer". AZoLifeSciences. 06 July 2022. <https://www.azolifesciences.com/article/Investigating-the-Role-of-Immunotherapy-in-Cancer.aspx>.
Balaji, Poornima. "Investigating the Role of Immunotherapy in Cancer". AZoLifeSciences. https://www.azolifesciences.com/article/Investigating-the-Role-of-Immunotherapy-in-Cancer.aspx. (accessed July 06, 2022).
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