 shown the HyNor-project has been perceived and presented differently. At least three different interpretations have been observed. In a sense, this corresponds with Pinch and Bijker's notion of flexible interpretation. Bijker & Pinch (1987) state that all phases of technology-development are characterised by interpretive flexibility. This means that technology is interpreted, shaped, adjusted and adapted to the user's understandings, interests and routines. Interpretive flexibility assumes that artefacts have more than one interpretation. Further, artefacts can be interpreted differently from actor to actor and over time. In the case of HyNor, the subject is not a concrete artefact, but a complex project. This project includes production, infrastructure and the use of hydrogen. Hence, the subject here is a variety of artefacts and a complex and heterogeneous network including numerous and dynamic visions.
7.2 Interviews conducted throughout HyNor's lifetime indicate that the participants' perceptions and visions of HyNor have changed. A reasonable interpretation of the project's visions is that they have changed from an optimistic approach to a more pragmatic and sober approach. These changes are connected to an optimistic fuel cell expectation, presented by the car industry, in the period when HyNor was to be established. HyNor's pragmatic and down to earth approach is probably due to the fact that expectations concerning the fuel cell were not fulfilled. However, the growing focus on climate change and CO2-reducing strategies has altered HyNor's visions, but not in a way one would expect.
7.3 Over the last two years, there has been a growing focus from the Norwegian public on issues concerning climate change. In this context, different strategies for GHG-gas reductions have been scrutinised. This scrutiny has influenced HyNor's strategies and visions. The press-release connected to the opening of a hydrogen filling station in Grenland in June 2007, can be used as an example. This press-release describes HyNor as 'tomorrow's climate-solution for transport.'[7] Such climate-reductionism has not been evident in HyNor's lifetime until now. Earlier in the project-period, the focus was mainly on local pollutants. However, due to this shift, one could expect more optimistic visions from HyNor. This is so, particularly considering the growing focus on a 'technological fix,' which has been dominant in the Norwegian GHG-reduction strategies[8]. This technological fix-strategy, however, does not include hydrogen and HyNor. In the Norwegian context the technological fix is CO2 capture and storing-technology (CCS). It is therefore interesting to observe that one of the nodes in HyNor � Stavanger � has changed their view on CCS. In the first phase of the project the production of hydrogen included a CCS-component. In the second phase of the Stavanger-project the focus is altered from reforming natural gas with CCS, to reforming biogas. Paradoxically, the CCS-component in the Stavanger-node was then removed from the HyNor-project just as CCS became the main Norwegian GHG-reduction solution. This indicates that, although the climate change debate has influenced the project's character and nature[9], its visions were not changed and altered in the same direction.
7.4 Callon (1987) shows how scenarios were constructed in order to shape and imagine a future society. In the case of HyNor such image and scenario is not very evident; it is the social and economic structure of the existing petro-society which still is the starting point. HyNor contains no idea of a 'new' society with green values and anti-consumerism ideals, as was present in Callon's VEL-case. HyNor � as a project � does only reflect upon society within the frames of an industrial and oil-dependent society. As shown the concept of scenario can be criticised for not including a broader public. This becomes important when reflecting upon the development of HyNor's visions. It is clear that other actors than engineers and scientists contributed to, and negotiated, HyNor's vision. Here the public debates on climate change altered and influenced on the project's visions to a large degree. Although the climate change debate became more and more important, HyNor's visions still underlined industrial development. The visions also continued to relate to the oil- and gas-production in Norway. In this respect HyNor's main challenge is not the lack of an overarching vision, linked to a certain scenario about a future society, but it is the fact that the participants too late realised that the public's attitudes towards the project is flexible. This highlights Bijker & Pinch�s (1987) notion on interpretive flexibility. HyNor has throughout its lifetime been constantly interpreted, shaped, adjusted and adapted.
7.5 This tendency in HyNor's visions corresponds to Gj�en's notion of 'vision-work.' We have clearly observed that politics influences the project's visions, although in a different manner than may be expected. The history of HyNor, so far, is therefore a history of 'ups and downs.' The project's position in the field of technology development, environmental politics and global car industry makes it difficult to predict forthcoming changes. However, this paper shows that HyNor's visions are numerous, flexible and dynamic. Whether this is promoting the project or not remains to be seen. Nevertheless, the diversity and tension in the project's visions present a challenge that needs to be reflected upon and dealt with by the HyNor-organisation.
This paper is based on a project funded by the Research Council of Norway. I would like to thank Dr. Erling Holden at Western Norway Research Institute for comments and his contributions for carrying-out some of the interviews. Thanks to Professor Knut Holtan S�rensen at the Department of Interdisciplinary Studies of Culture, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) for comments on early drafts of this paper. In particular Asbj�rn K�rstein at the Department of Interdisciplinary Studies of Culture, NTNU, has been important for this paper. In addition to conducting some of the interviews which the paper relies on, he has also contributed substantially to the interpretations.
1The project partners have been careful in using the term 'fuel cell � vehicles.' In documents from the early HyNor-period terms like hydrogen-cars and hydrogen-driven cars are used instead of fuel cell vehicles or synonyms. However an interview with one of the early HyNor participants confirms that fuel cell-vehicles were the aim at the beginning of the project.
5Application sent to the Norwegian Research Council October 2006 (HyNor 2006).
9Another sign of this change is that all the nodes are now focusing on renewable energy sources for the production of hydrogen.
AKRICH, M. (1992) 'The de-scription of technical objects'in BIJKER W.E. & LAW J. (eds.). Shaping technology/Building Society. MIT Press, Cambridge.
LAW, J. (1987) (eds) Power, Action and Belief: a new Sociology of knowledge? London: RKP.
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