 and carmustine (BiCNU). Nitrogen mustard and carmustine can be used topically to treat cutaneous lymphomas. The mechanism of action is still uncertain.
What is topical nitrogen mustard used for?
Topical nitrogen mustard has been used for the treatment of mycosis fungoides since the 1950’s. It is particularly effective in patch and/or plaque disease of mycosis fungoides. Complete response rates have been achieved in 76-80% of patients with limited patch/plaque (stage IA) and 35-68% in those with generalised patch/plaque (stage IB). It is also used for the treatment of Langerhans cell histiocytosis.
How to use topical nitrogen mustard?
There are several difffernet regimes. Topical nitrogen mustard (either the water-based preparation, gel, or the ointment-based preparation) may be applied daily until lesions resolve completely. This may be followed by a time of maintenance therapy for about 1-2 months.
The following general measures should be carried out when applying topical nitrogen mustard.
First apply a small amount of nitrogen mustard to a selected test patch (palm-size) on your skin once a day for 7-10 days. If there is no significant irritation, new rash, redness or itching you can then start to apply the nitrogen mustard preparation as directed by your doctor to lesions.
Usually topical nitrogen mustard is applied once daily after showering or in the evening. Apply sparingly to the affected areas; the nitrogen mustard is usually absorbed into the skin within the first hour after application.
Allow to dry before covering with clothing. Do not wash for 4 hours after application.
Disposable nitrile gloves may be worn to apply the preparation or alternatively apply directly with your hands and wash thoroughly afterwards.
Additional moisturising lotions or creams may be applied throughout the day as necessary.
Do not apply nitrogen mustard on sensitive areas such as the face and genitals. The risk of developing secondary skin cancers is increased in patients who have received multiple skin treatments, such as phototherapy or radiation in addition to topical nitrogen mustard. Topical nitrogen mustard should be used with caution in pregnant or breastfeeding women. It is reported to cause fetal harm.
Take care to avoid applying topical nitrogen mustard to the eyes (if this occurs irrigate for at least 15 minutes with copious water or normal saline and seek medical attention). Exposure of other mucous membranes such as nostrils, mouth, genitals and anus, should likewise be avoided.
Nitrogen mustard is a probable carcinogen. This means it may cause skin cancer. Protect from sun exposure.
Make sure there is no skin contact with another individual while topical nitrogen mustard is applied.
Stop applying topical nitrogen mustard if the treated areas erode, ulcerated, blister or develop severe redness and swelling. When recommencing treatment, apply it less often, eg every 3 days.
The most common side effect of nitrogen mustard is allergic reaction that usually results in itching, rash, or redness (contact dermatitis). Anaphylaxis has been reported, but is rare. This is especially a problem in more sensitive areas such as skin folds and occur whether an aqueous solution or ointment preparation is used. In most cases a reduction in frequency of application or decrease in concentration will lessen the side effects and allow continuation with the medication. Darkening of the skin in the area where the nitrogen mustard was applied may also occur; this is reversible once the medication is stopped.
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The 4CDS 4..Geographically speaking, New Zealand is by no means a large country; it’s roughly the same size as Italy. But in a land where the sheep and cows grossly outnumber the humans, you can expect a fair amount of distance between towns. Luckily, there are numerous options to get a traveler from A to B.
Bus. The list of companies is long, and many cater to tourists by making stops along the way so you can take photos.
Air. JetStar and Air New Zealand have relatively affordable flights between the major cities and tourist destinations.
Thumbing it. Hitchhiking is technically illegal, but New Zealand must be one of the safest and most friendly places to hop in a stranger’s car. My guess is that with the long distances people are used to driving, the company is appreciated.
However, our issue with all options was that they depart from and arrive in a town. While these Kiwi towns are always ridiculously convenient and clean, they were not the reason we came to New Zealand. The magical fjords, stunning mountain peaks, mesmerizing alpine lakes, eerie caves and remote beaches simply cannot be found in town.
Organized tours will take you via bus to the highlights, but I’m not exactly the tour group type and we didn’t come to just see the highlights. We wanted to wander around this country without any itinerary or specific route in mind. We wanted the flexibility to stay in one place longer than expected or change our destination last-minute due to bad weather and we wanted the ability to travel faaaaaaarrrr off the beaten path.
From the start it was clear that the only way to truly see New Zealand is by car, and with nearly a year to travel, renting didn’t make any sense. On Day #3, still jet-lagged and going through severe caffeine withdrawal, we started to shop for used vehicles.
Lucky for us, we were not the only young travelling couple to arrive at this conclusion. There are so many backpackers who come to New Zealand on the Working Holiday Visa that there’s actually a backpacker car market. Stop in any hostel in Auckland or Christchurch and you’ll see a massive number of ads posted by backpackers who’ve finished their journey and need to sell their campervan before returning home.
What on earth is a campervan? Is that a Kiwi word for caravan, camper or motorhome?
No. A campervan has its own category. Where campers and motorhomes have toilets, showers and/or kitchens, a campervan has none of the above. Where a Caravan must be towed behind a vehicle, a campervan runs on its own.
In this country, and in Australia I’m told, old minivans which once transported kids to rugby practice are given a second life – the back seats are taken out and an elevated bed frame & mattress are fitted in their place. Add a few curtains, some storage boxes under the bed, and voila! You have a Campervan.
So wait, you sleep in a minivan? Why on earth would you want live like that?
The average cost of a hostel DORMITORY bed is between $25-$35 per person, per night (~$20-$28 USD). I haven’t quite figured out why the price is so high, but prices in NZ are generally ridiculously high compared to the States and the majority of Europe. So a little bit of math: 2 people x 10 months x $30/night lodging = WAY more money than the cost of a campervan.
Where do you park the van overnight (a.k.a. sleep)?
The general consensus is that “Freedom Camping” is permitted except in areas where there are signs explicitly prohibiting it (ex. “NO Camping” or “NO Overnight Parking”). As long as you’re near a 24-hour toilet, which conveniently enough are EVERYWHERE in this country, you’re free to park as long as you like.
Kroos wasn’t even at Madrid when Ozil left. He was also ahead of Modric in the pecking order.  That he had fans protesting against his sale at Bale’s unveiling should tell you how valued he was for us. 

He would have had a much better career if he had stayed at Madrid or even if he had linked up with Jose who at least knows how to use him properly. He’s the last great no. 10 we have seen in a while.Democratic New Jersey Sen. Cory Booker is one of the many Democratic politicians vying for their party’s nomination to take on President Donald Trump in the 2020 election, but since announcing his candidacy, Booker’s campaign has largely floundered among the second-tier of presidential hopefuls.
In what is quite possibly an effort to distance himself from his fellow candidates, Booker has of late taken an exceptionally extreme position in favor of gun control and in opposition to the fundamental freedom of gun ownership that is enshrined and protected by the Second Amendment of the U.S. Constitution.
Booker may have gone too far with his anti-gun rhetoric, however, as even The Washington Post “Fact Checker” column felt the need to call out the senator for playing incredibly fast and loose with the truth when it comes to governmental regulations on firearms.
In